1
|
Sarkar N, Chakravarty R, Ganguli S, Singh SP, Narayan J, Banerjee A. A pilot study on some critical immune elements in HBV infection: evidence of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin as an immunological biomarker. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2022; 15:377-386. [PMID: 36762226 PMCID: PMC9876771 DOI: 10.22037/ghfbb.v15i4.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim This study is an attempt to screen the key immune elements that participate during HBV infection and the related pathways that are modulated. Background The pathogenesis of Hepatitis B virus and the corresponding clinical manifestations in the host are primarily immune-mediated. Methods This study utilizes a PCR array to screen immune-related genes that are differentially expressed in the presence of the virus in HBV replicating HepG2.2.15 cells as compared to control HepG2 cells. The significantly up-regulated genes were subjected to bioinformatic analysis utilizing GSEA and STRING. Additionally, ELISA was used to corroborate the levels of Alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT) from patients' sera. Results The expressions of 31% of the studied genes were significantly up-regulated (> 2-fold, p<0.05) in HepG2.2.15 cells compared to controls, and this included the SERPINA1, FN1, IL1R2, LBP, LY96, LYZ and PROC genes. When they were clustered based on biological processes, signaling pathways, and disease progression, the genes related to biotic stimulus, complement-coagulation cascades, and fibrosis, respectively, showed the highest (p<0.05) enrichment. Analysis of patients' sera by ELISA revealed that the serum AAT (SERPINA1) levels were significantly higher in asymptomatic carriers and in patients with chronic liver disease than in controls (p<0.05). Moreover, SERPINA1 levels were also positively correlated with the levels of serum ALT (r=0.4495, p<0.05) among HBV infected patients. Conclusion The current study highlights the key immune elements and pathways that are modulated during HBV infection and proposes the possible use of AAT as a non-invasive immunological biomarker to follow the progression of liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Sarkar
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - Sayak Ganguli
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata, India
| | | | - Jimmy Narayan
- Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, India
| | - Arup Banerjee
- Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sarkar J, Saha D, Bandyopadhyay B, Saha B, Chakravarty R, Guha SK. Lamivudine plus tenofovir versus lamivudine plus adefovir for the treatment of hepatitis B virus in HIV-coinfected patients, starting antiretroviral therapy. Indian J Med Microbiol 2018; 36:217-223. [PMID: 30084414 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_17_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), lamivudine (3TC) and efavirenz (EFV) is preferred in the treatment of HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection. We postulated that a HBV active nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor/nucleotide RT inhibitor backbone of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) +3TC would be as effective as TDF +3TC for the Indian population. Objective ADV + 3TC could be an alternative option for these HIV/HBV coinfected individuals, preserving the dually active TDF + 3TC as second-line nucleoside backbone following failure of the first-line ART. Materials and Methods This randomised control trial (CTRI/2012/03/002471) was carried out at the ART Centre of Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, India. Seventy-eight (39 on each arm) treatment-naïve HIV/HBV coinfected patients were randomised to receive either the combination of lamivudine + tenofovir + EFV or lamivudine + adefovir + zidovudine + EFV and followed up for 120 weeks. Results Median age of the study participants was 36 years (21-62), majority were male (61/78; 78.2%) and heterosexually (39/78; 50%) infected. Baseline characteristics were identical in both arms. There was no statistically significant difference in median aspartate aminotransferase (37 vs. 29.5 U/L), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (36 vs. 34.5 U/L), ALT normalisation rate (80 vs. 70%), AST to platelet ratio index (0.45 vs. 0.33), CD4 count (508 vs. 427 cells/mm3), HBV DNA suppression (81.8 vs. 70%), hepatitis B e antigen loss (9 vs. 5%), hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance rate (6.06 vs. 18.75%) and death (3 vs. 3) at 120 weeks between TDF (n = 33) and ADV (n = 32), respectively. Conclusions Adefovir plus lamivudine is an effective alternative of tenofovir plus lamivudine in long-term HBV treatment outcome in HIV/HBV coinfected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Sarkar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debraj Saha
- Department of Virology ICMR Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhaswati Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bibhuti Saha
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Runu Chakravarty
- Department of Virology ICMR Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasish Kamal Guha
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sengupta I, Das D, Singh SP, Chakravarty R, Das C. Host transcription factor Speckled 110 kDa (Sp110), a nuclear body protein, is hijacked by hepatitis B virus protein X for viral persistence. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20379-20393. [PMID: 29046350 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.796839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NB) are sub-nuclear organelles that are the hub of numerous proteins. DNA/RNA viruses often hijack the cellular factors resident in PML-NBs to promote their proliferation in host cells. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), belonging to Hepadnaviridae family, remains undetected in early infection as it does not induce the innate immune response and is known to be the cause of several hepatic diseases leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The association of PML-NB proteins and HBV is being addressed in a number of recent studies. Here, we report that the PML-NB protein Speckled 110 kDa (Sp110) is SUMO1-modified and undergoes a deSUMOylation-driven release from the PML-NB in the presence of HBV. Intriguingly, Sp110 knockdown significantly reduced viral DNA load in the culture supernatant by activation of the type I interferon-response pathway. Furthermore, we found that Sp110 differentially regulates several direct target genes of hepatitis B virus protein X (HBx), a viral co-factor. Subsequently, we identified Sp110 as a novel interactor of HBx and found this association to be essential for the exit of Sp110 from the PML-NB during HBV infection and HBx recruitment on the promoter of these genes. HBx, in turn, modulates the recruitment of its associated transcription cofactors p300/HDAC1 to these co-regulated genes, thereby altering the host gene expression program in favor of viral persistence. Thus, we report a mechanism by which HBV can evade host immune response by hijacking the PML-NB protein Sp110, and therefore, we propose it to be a novel target for antiviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sengupta
- From the Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata-700064
| | - Dipanwita Das
- the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Virus Unit, Kolkata, Infectious Diseases and Beliaghata General Hospital Campus, Kolkata 700010, and
| | - Shivaram Prasad Singh
- the Kalinga Gastroenterology Foundation, Beam Diagnostics Premises, Cuttack-753001, India
| | - Runu Chakravarty
- the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Virus Unit, Kolkata, Infectious Diseases and Beliaghata General Hospital Campus, Kolkata 700010, and
| | - Chandrima Das
- From the Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata-700064,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata GB-4, 1st Floor ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57 Dr S C Banerjee Road, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saha D, Pal A, Sarkar N, Das D, Blackard JT, Guha SK, Saha B, Chakravarty R. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in HIV positive patients at a tertiary healthcare unit in eastern India. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179035. [PMID: 28591184 PMCID: PMC5462430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Occult HBV infection (OBI), defined by the presence of HBV DNA in absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), is a significant concern in the HIV-infected population. Of 441 HIV+/HBsAg- patients analyzed, the overall prevalence of OBI was 6.3% (28/441). OBI was identified in 21 anti-HBc positives (17.8%), as well as among those who lacked any HBV-specific serological markers (2.2%). Comparison with HIV/HBV co-infection revealed that the levels of CD4, ALT, and HBV DNA were significantly lower during occult infection. Discrete differences were also observed with respect to quasispecies divergence. Additionally, subgenotype D1 was most frequent in occult infection, while D2 was widespread during chronic infection. The majority (~90%) of occult D1 sequences had the sQ129R mutation in the surface gene. This study highlights several distinct features of OBI in India and underscores the need for additional HBV DNA screening in HIV-positive individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debraj Saha
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Pal
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Neelakshi Sarkar
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanwita Das
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jason T. Blackard
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Bibhuti Saha
- Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sarkar J, Saha D, Bandyopadhyay B, Saha B, Kedia D, Guha Mazumder DN, Chakravarty R, Guha SK. Baseline characteristics of HIV & hepatitis B virus (HIV/HBV) co-infected patients from Kolkata, India. Indian J Med Res 2017; 143:636-42. [PMID: 27488008 PMCID: PMC4989838 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.187113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV co-infection has variable prevalence worldwide. In comparison to HBV mono-infection, the course of chronic HBV infection is accelerated in HIV/HBV co-infected patients. The present study was carried out to analyse the baseline characteristics (clinical, biochemical, serological and virological) of treatment naïve HIV/HBV co-infected and HIV mono-infected patients. Methods: Between July 2011 and January 2013, a total number of 1331 HIV-seropositive treatment naïve individuals, enrolled in the ART Centre of Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India, were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). A total of 1253 HIV mono-infected and 78 HIV/HBV co-infected patients were characterized. The co-infected patients were evaluated for HBeAg and anti-HBe antibody by ELISA. HIV RNA was quantified for all co-infected patients. HBV DNA was detected and quantified by real time-PCR amplification followed by HBV genotype determination. Results: HIV/HBV co-infected patients had proportionately more advanced HIV disease (WHO clinical stage 3 and 4) than HIV mono-infected individuals (37.1 vs. 19.9%). The co-infected patients had significantly higher serum bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase and ALT/platelet ratio index (APRI). CD4 count was non-significantly lower in co-infected patients. Majority (61.5%) were HBeAg positive with higher HIV RNA (P<0.05), HBV DNA (P<0.001) and APRI (P<0.05) compared to those who were HBeAg negative. HBV/D was the predominant genotype (73.2%) and D2 (43.7%) was the commonest subgenotype. Interpretation & conclusions: HIV/HBV co-infected patients had significantly higher serum bilirubin, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and lower platelet count. HBeAg positive co-infected patients had higher HIV RNA and HBV DNA compared to HBeAg negative co-infected patients. Prior to initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) all patients should be screened for HBsAg to initiate appropriate ART regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bibhuti Saha
- Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
| | - Deepika Kedia
- B.P. Poddar Hospital & Research Centre, Bhagirathi Neotia Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Das D, Sengupta I, Sarkar N, Pal A, Saha D, Bandopadhyay M, Das C, Narayan J, Singh SP, Chakrabarti S, Chakravarty R. Anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) response of imiquimod based toll like receptor 7 ligand in hbv-positive human hepatocelluar carcinoma cell line. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:76. [PMID: 28088184 PMCID: PMC5237519 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toll like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in innate immunity and various studies suggest that TLRs play a crucial role in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The present study aims in looking into the status of crucial host and viral gene expression on inciting TLR7. Methods The transcription of TLR7 pathway signaling molecules and HBV DNA viral load were quantified by Real Time-PCR after stimulation of TLR7 with its imiquimod based ligand, R837. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow-cytometry. Expression of TLR7 and chief cell cycle regulator governing G1/S transition, p53 was also seen in liver biopsysss samples of CHB patients. HBV induced alteration in histone modifications in HepG2 cells and its restoration on TLR7 activation was determined using western blot. Results The TLR7 expression remains downregulated in HepG2.2.15 cells and in liver biopsy samples from CHB patients. Interestingly HBV DNA viral load showed an inverse relationship with the TLR7 expression in the biopsy samples. We also evaluated the anti-viral activity of R837, an agonist of TLR7. It was observed that there was a suppression of HBV replication and viral protein production upon TLR7 stimulation. R837 triggers the anti-viral action probably through the Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) pathway. We also observed a downregulation of histone H3K9Me3 repression mark upon R837 treatment in HBV replicating HepG2.2.15 cells, mimicking that of un-infected HepG2 cells. Additionally, the G1/S cell cycle arrest introduced by HBV in HepG2.2.15 cells was released upon ligand treatment. Conclusion The study thus holds a close insight into the changes in hepatocyte micro-environment on TLR7 stimulation in HBV infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2189-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Das
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, ICMR Virus Unit, GB 4, 700010, Kolkata, India
| | - Isha Sengupta
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Neelakshi Sarkar
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, ICMR Virus Unit, GB 4, 700010, Kolkata, India
| | - Ananya Pal
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, ICMR Virus Unit, GB 4, 700010, Kolkata, India
| | - Debraj Saha
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, ICMR Virus Unit, GB 4, 700010, Kolkata, India
| | - Manikankana Bandopadhyay
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, ICMR Virus Unit, GB 4, 700010, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Jimmy Narayan
- Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, India
| | - Shivaram Prasad Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, India.,Kalinga Gastroenterology Foundation, Beam Diagnostics Premises, Cuttack, India
| | - Sekhar Chakrabarti
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, ICMR Virus Unit, GB 4, 700010, Kolkata, India.,National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, ICMR Virus Unit, GB 4, 700010, Kolkata, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Borah VV, Saikia KK, Chandra P, Hazarika NK, Chakravarty R. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase and extended spectrum β-lactamases co-producing isolates are high in community-acquired urinary infections in Assam as detected by a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 34:173-82. [PMID: 27080768 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.176853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of microorganisms to evade antibiotic pressure is challenging in healthcare as patients have little or no drug treatment options. Detection of the prevalence of antibacterial resistance pattern helps towards improved antibiotic policy and empirical treatment. OBJECTIVES We carried out antibiogram profiling and documented the prevalence and co-prevalence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) encoding genes in urinary Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antibiotic susceptibilities were tested for 241 isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae from urine samples collected from out- and hospitalised patients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on isolates tested positive for phenotypic production of metallo-β-lactamase and ESBL. A multiplex PCR assay was designed to detect the genes. RESULTS Multiplex PCR assay designed had a limit of detection of 10 3 CFU/mL in vitro. NDM detected was significantly higher among K. pneumoniae compared to E. coli (69.2% vs. 18.2%; P = 0.001). Of 17, 14 NDM positive isolates also harboured ESBL genes. The co-production of CTX-M + TEM + NDM (3/9; 33.3% and 5/8; 62.5%) was most common in K. pneumoniae and E. coli, respectively while CTX-M + TEM + SHV + NDM was found in one isolate. Of the 156 phenotypically ESBL producing isolates, CTX-M, TEM and SHV was detected by PCR in 85, 53 and 24 isolates, respectively. CONCLUSION NDM and ESBL co-producing isolates were both community (64.7%) and hospital (35.29%) acquired among E. coli. Antibiotic resistance can be effectively evaluated by a cost and time effective molecular method, such as the multiplex PCR used in this study, which complement culture and sensitivity tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - K K Saikia
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Das D, Sarkar N, Sengupta I, Pal A, Saha D, Bandopadhyay M, Das C, Narayan J, Singh SP, Chakravarty R. Anti-viral role of toll like receptor 4 in hepatitis B virus infection: An in vitro study. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:10341-10352. [PMID: 28058014 PMCID: PMC5175246 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i47.10341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Toll like receptors plays a significant anti-viral role in different infections. The aim of this study was to look into the role of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
METHODS Real time PCR was used to analyze the transcription of TLR4 signaling molecules, cell cycle regulators and HBV DNA viral load after triggering the HepG2.2.15 cells with TLR4 specific ligand. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB translocation on TLR4 activation was analyzed using microscopic techniques. Protein and cell cycle analysis was done using Western Blot and FACS respectively.
RESULTS The present study shows that TLR4 activation represses HBV infection. As a result of HBV suppression, there are several changes in host factors which include partial release in G1/S cell cycle arrest and changes in host epigenetic marks. Finally, it was observed that anti-viral action of TLR4 takes place through the NF-κB pathway.
CONCLUSION The study shows that TLR4 activation in HBV infection brings about changes in hepatocyte microenvironment and can be used for developing a promising therapeutic target in future.
Collapse
|
10
|
Datta S, Chakravarty R. Role of RNA secondary structure in emergence of compartment specific hepatitis B virus immune escape variants. World J Virol 2016; 5:161-169. [PMID: 27878103 PMCID: PMC5105049 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v5.i4.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of subgenotype specific RNA secondary structure in the compartment specific selection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) immune escape mutations.
METHODS This study was based on the analysis of the specific observation of HBV subgenotype A1 in the serum/plasma, while subgenotype A2 with G145R mutation in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Genetic variability found among the two subgenotypes was used for prediction and comparison of the full length pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) secondary structure and base pairings. RNA secondary structures were predicted for 37 °C using the Vienna RNA fold server, using default parameters. Visualization and detailed analysis was done using RNA shapes program.
RESULTS In this analysis, using similar algorithm and conditions, entirely different pgRNA secondary structures for subgenotype A1 and subgenotype A2 were predicted, suggesting different base pairing patterns within the two subgenotypes of genotype A, specifically, in the HBV genetic region encoding the major hydrophilic loop. We observed that for subgenotype A1 specific pgRNA, nucleotide 358U base paired with 1738A and nucleotide 587G base paired with 607C. However in sharp contrast, in subgenotype A2 specific pgRNA, nucleotide 358U was opposite to nucleotide 588G, while 587G was opposite to 359U, hence precluding correct base pairing and thereby lesser stability of the stem structure. When the nucleotides at 358U and 587G were replaced with 358C and 587A respectively (as observed specifically in the PBL associated A2 sequences), these nucleotides base paired correctly with 588G and 359U, respectively.
CONCLUSION The results of this study show that compartment specific mutations are associated with HBV subgenotype specific alterations in base pairing of the pgRNA, leading to compartment specific selection and preponderance of specific HBV subgenotype with unique mutational pattern.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bandopadhyay M, Sarkar N, Datta S, Das D, Pal A, Panigrahi R, Banerjee A, Panda CK, Das C, Chakrabarti S, Chakravarty R. Hepatitis B virus X protein mediated suppression of miRNA-122 expression enhances hepatoblastoma cell proliferation through cyclin G1-p53 axis. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:40. [PMID: 27528885 PMCID: PMC4983788 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) reported to be associated with pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and miR-122 expression is down regulated in HCC. Previous studies reported miR-122 targets cyclin G1 (CCNG1) expression and this in turn abolishes p53-mediated inhibition of HBV replication. Here we investigated the involvement of HBx protein in the modulation of miR-122 expression in hepatoblastoma cells. Methods Expression of miR-122 was measured in HepG2 cells transfected with HBx plasmid (HBx-HepG2), full length HBV genome (HBV-HepG2) and in constitutively HBV synthesizing HepG2.2.15 cells. CCNG1 mRNA (a direct target of miR-122) and protein expressions were also measured in both HBx-HepG2, HBV-HepG2 cells and in HepG2.2.15 cells. miR-122 expressions were analyzed in HBx-HepG2, HBV-HepG2 and in HepG2.2.15 cells after treatment with HBx mRNA specific siRNA. Expressions of p53 mRNA and protein which is negatively regulated by CCNG1 were analyzed in HBx transfected HepG2 cells; X silenced HBx-HepG2 cells and X silenced HepG2.2.15 cells. HBx induced cell proliferation in HepG2 cells was measured by cell proliferation assay. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate changes in cell cycle distribution. Expression of cell cycle markers were measured by real time PCR. Results Expression of miR-122 was down regulated in HBx-HepG2, HBV-HepG2 and also in HepG2.2.15 cell line compared to control HepG2 cells. CCNG1 expression was found to be up regulated in HBx-HepG2, HBV-HepG2 cells and in HepG2.2.15 cells. Following siRNA mediated silencing of HBx expression; increased miR-122 levels were documented in HBx-HepG2, HBV-HepG2 and in HepG2.2.15 cells. HBx silencing in HBx-HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells also resulted in increased p53 expression. FACS analysis and assessment of expressions of cell cycle markers revealed HBx induced a release from G1/S arrest in HepG2 cells. Further, cell proliferation assay showed HBx promoted proliferation of HepG2 cell. Conclusion Our study revealed that HBx induced down regulation of miR-122 expression that consequently increased CCNG1 expression. This subsequently caused cell proliferation and release from G1/S arrest in malignant hepatocytes. The study provides the potential to utilize the HBx-miR-122 interaction as a therapeutic target to limit the development of HBV related HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manikankana Bandopadhyay
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, Indian Council of Medical Research, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010 West Bengal India
| | - Neelakshi Sarkar
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, Indian Council of Medical Research, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010 West Bengal India
| | - Sibnarayan Datta
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Defense Research Laboratory (DRDO), Tezpur, Assam India
| | - Dipanwita Das
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, Indian Council of Medical Research, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010 West Bengal India
| | - Ananya Pal
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, Indian Council of Medical Research, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010 West Bengal India
| | - Rajesh Panigrahi
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, Indian Council of Medical Research, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010 West Bengal India ; Present Address: Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Arup Banerjee
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, Indian Council of Medical Research, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010 West Bengal India
| | - Chinmay K Panda
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhan nagar, Kolkata India
| | | | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, Indian Council of Medical Research, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010 West Bengal India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Datta S, Budhauliya R, Chatterjee S, Veer V, Chakravarty R. Enhancement of PCR Detection Limit by Single-Tube Restriction Endonuclease-PCR (RE-PCR). Mol Diagn Ther 2016; 20:297-305. [PMID: 26993322 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used in biological research and diagnostics because of its high sensitivity and specificity. However, the sensitivity of PCR is strongly influenced by topological characteristics of the template. Supercoiled templates are known to inhibit PCR, whereas linearized forms of the same supercoiled templates facilitate PCR. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to compare the PCR efficiency of circular supercoiled DNA templates to their restriction endonuclease (RE)-mediated linearized forms. Additionally, we also evaluated the possibility of RE digestion of the circular supercoiled templates within the complete PCR buffer. METHODS Following a systematic approach, we demonstrated that circular supercoiled templates could be efficiently linearized by RE in the complete PCR buffer itself. This allowed linearization of circular supercoiled templates and their subsequent amplification in the PCR buffer in a single-tube format. RESULTS Using this extremely simple RE-PCR approach, we documented up to tenfold increases in detection efficiency of PCR with two different circular supercoiled templates of clinical origin, including an international calibration standard. CONCLUSIONS This inexpensive and easy approach to increasing PCR sensitivity can be easily adapted to any standard PCR protocol aimed at amplifying circular supercoiled genomes. Apart from its application in the development of sensitive clinical diagnostic PCR assays for a large number of organisms, this method could also prove to be very useful in simplifying the existing protocols for other applications where pre-PCR restriction digestion is required, such as mutation detection, genotyping, and selective template amplification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibnarayan Datta
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Defence Research Laboratory (DRDO), Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India.
| | - Raghvendra Budhauliya
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Defence Research Laboratory (DRDO), Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Soumya Chatterjee
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Defence Research Laboratory (DRDO), Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Vijay Veer
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Defence Research Laboratory (DRDO), Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Runu Chakravarty
- Hepatitis Research Laboratory, ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata (ICMR), Kolkata, 700010, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sarkar N, Pal A, Das D, Saha D, Biswas A, Bandopadhayay B, Chakraborti M, Ghosh M, Chakravarty R. Virological Characteristics of Acute Hepatitis B in Eastern India: Critical Differences with Chronic Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141741. [PMID: 26571502 PMCID: PMC4646492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) manifests high genetic variability and is classifiable into ten genotypes (A-J). HBV infection can lead to variable clinical outcomes, ranging from self-limiting acute hepatitis to active chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study characterizes HBV strains circulating among patients with acute (AHB) and chronic HBV infection (CHB). Among a total of 653 HBsAg positive cases, 40 manifested acute infection. After sequencing the surface(S), basal core promoter/pre-core(BCP/PC) and the X gene regions, phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA4 by neighbor-joining method. Statistical robustness was established with bootstrap analysis. Nucleotide diversity was determined by Shannon entropy per site using the Entropy program of the Los Alamos National Laboratories. Analyses of acute patients revealed that HBV/D2 is the major circulating sub-genotype and commonly associated with sexual promiscuity and the age group between15-30 years. Comparison of AHB and CHB patients revealed that HBeAg positivity, ALT levels and genotype D were significantly high in AHB, whereas CHB patients were predominantly male, had a high viral load, and were commonly associated with genotype C. The frequencies of mutations in the S, BCP/PC, and X gene were low in AHB as compared to CHB. Drug resistant mutations were not detectable in the polymerase gene of AHB. Average nucleotide diversity in AHB was considerably low as compared to CHB. Further, the highest average ΔH (average difference in entropy between chronic and acute infection) was observed in the BCP/PC region implying that this region was most vulnerable to mutations upon HBV persistence, especially in case of genotype C. Additionally, among all substitutions, the A1762T and G1764A BCP mutations were the strongest indicators of chronicity. In conclusion, the study exhibits a general portrait of HBV strains circulating among acute hepatitis B patients in Eastern India and their intricate differences with chronic patients which should be useful from the clinical point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Sarkar
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Pal
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanwita Das
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debraj Saha
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avik Biswas
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhaswati Bandopadhayay
- Department of Virology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mandira Chakraborti
- Department of Virology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sarkar N, Panigrahi R, Pal A, Biswas A, Singh SP, Kar SK, Bandopadhyay M, Das D, Saha D, Kanda T, Sugiyama M, Chakrabarti S, Banerjee A, Chakravarty R. Expression of microRNA-155 correlates positively with the expression of Toll-like receptor 7 and modulates hepatitis B virus via C/EBP-β in hepatocytes. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22:817-27. [PMID: 25720442 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Effective recognition of viral infection and successive activation of antiviral innate immune responses are vital for host antiviral defence, which largely depends on multiple regulators, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and microRNAs. Several early reports suggest that specific TLR-mediated immune responses can control hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and express differentially with disease outcome. Considering the versatile function of miR-155 in the TLR-mediated innate immune response, we aimed to study the association between miR-155 and TLRs and their subsequent impact on HBV replication using both a HBV-replicating stable cell line (HepG2.2.15) and HBV-infected liver biopsy and serum samples. Our results showed that miR-155 was suppressed during HBV infection and a subsequent positive correlation of miR-155 with TLR7 activation was noted. Further, ectopic expression of miR-155 in vitro reduced HBV load as evidenced from reduced viral DNA, mRNA and subsequently reduced level of secreted viral antigens (HBsAg and HBeAg). Our results further suggested that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBP-β), a positive regulator of HBV transcription, was inhibited by miR-155. Taken together, our study established a correlation between miR-155 and TLR7 during HBV infection and also demonstrated in vitro that increased miR-155 level could help to reduce HBV viral load by targeting C/EBP-β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Sarkar
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - R Panigrahi
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - A Pal
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - A Biswas
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - S P Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, India.,Kalinga Gastroenterology Foundation, Beam Diagnostics Premises, Cuttack, India
| | - S K Kar
- Department of Gastroenterology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, India
| | - M Bandopadhyay
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - D Das
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - D Saha
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - T Kanda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Sugiyama
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Ichikawa, Japan
| | - S Chakrabarti
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India.,National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - A Banerjee
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - R Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chakravarty R, Pal A. Insights into human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis B virus co-infection in India. World J Virol 2015; 4:255-264. [PMID: 26279986 PMCID: PMC4534816 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v4.i3.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shared routes of transmission lead to frequent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection in a host which results in about 10% of HIV positive individuals to have chronic hepatitis B infection worldwide. In post-antiretroviral therapy era, liver diseases have emerged as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals and HBV co-infection have become the major health issue among this population particularly from the regions with endemic HBV infection. In setting of HIV-HBV co-infection, HIV significantly impacts the natural history of HBV infection, its disease profile and the treatment outcome in negative manner. Moreover, the epidemiological pattern of HBV infection and the diversity in HBV genome (genotypic and phenotypic) are also varied in HIV co-infected subjects as compared to HBV mono-infected individuals. Several reports on the abovementioned issues are available from developed parts of the world as well as from sub-Saharan African countries. In contrast, most of these research areas remained unexplored in India despite having considerable burden of HIV and HBV infections. This review discusses present knowledge from the studies on HIV-HBV co-infection in India and relevant reports from different parts of the world. Issues needed for the future research relevant to HIV-HBV co-infection in India are also highlighted here, including a call for further investigations on this field of study.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) attacks the liver and can cause both acute as well as chronic liver diseases which might lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Regardless of the availability of a vaccine and numerous treatment options, HBV is a major cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important modulators of gene function. Studies on the role of miRNA in the regulation of hepatitis B virus gene expression have been the focus of modern antiviral research. miRNAs can regulate viral replication and pathogenesis in a number of different ways, which includefacilitation, direct or indirect inhibition, activation of immune response, epigenetic modulation, etc. Nevertheless, these mechanisms can appropriately be used with a diagnosticand/or therapeutic approach. The present review is an attempt to classify specific miRNAs that are reported to be associated with various aspects of hepatitis B biology, in order to precisely present the participation of individual miRNAs in multiple aspects relating to HBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Sarkar
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata-700010, India.
| | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata-700010, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pal A, Sarkar N, Saha D, Guha SK, Saha B, Chakrabarti S, Chakravarty R. High incidence of lamivudine-resistance-associated vaccine-escape HBV mutants among HIV-coinfected patients on prolonged antiretroviral therapy. Antivir Ther 2015; 20:545-54. [PMID: 25654813 DOI: 10.3851/imp2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, frequent emergence of lamivudine (3TC)-resistant HBV mutants has been reported in HIV-HBV-coinfected patients during long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) that contains 3TC as the sole anti-HBV drug. Three major patterns of mutations in HBV polymerase gene, namely single (rtM204V), double (rtL180M+rtM204V) and triple (rtV173L+rtL180M+rtM204V) mutations, are associated with 3TC-resistance; additionally, the triple mutation has vaccine-escape potential due to a corresponding change in overlapping surface gene. Data from India, a major reservoir for HIV and HBV infection, is lacking. Here we investigated the effect of long-term 3TC treatment on virological response for HBV and characterized the 3TC-resistant HBV mutations in a cohort of HIV-HBV-coinfected patients from eastern India. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in HIV-infected patients (n=563) receiving 3TC-containing ART for ≥6 months from the major ART centre of eastern India during 2011-2012. The hepatitis B surface antigen-positive HIV-infected patients (n=62) were categorized into four groups with comparable sample size according to the 3TC exposure for ≥6-<12 months (group I; n=15), ≥12-<24 months (group II; n=20), ≥24-<48 months (group III; n=13) and ≥48 months (group IV; n=14). Patients' plasma samples were examined for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), HBV DNA, viral load and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). HBV reverse transcriptase region was sequenced. RESULTS With a longer period of 3TC exposure, the frequency of HIV-HBV-coinfected patients having HBV DNA suppression decreased. The prevalence of HBeAg-positivity, serum HBV DNA load >2,000 IU/ml and 3TC-resistant mutations simultaneously increased. Remarkably, the 3TC-resistant triple mutation predominated over the double mutation in this cohort (32.26% versus 19.34%) and prevailed in significantly higher frequency among HBV viraemic patients experiencing 3TC for ≥48 months (60% versus 10%; P=0.03). Patients with 3TC-resistant triple mutants had HBV genotype-D, high serum HBV DNA load and elevated alanine aminotransferase level, and presence of cccDNA in their serum. CONCLUSIONS Considering this alarmingly high incidence of 3TC-resistant triple mutation and its possible clinical/public health implications, proper management of 3TC-resistance among HIV-HBV-coinfected patients is an urgent necessity in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Pal
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bandopadhyay M, Banerjee A, Sarkar N, Panigrahi R, Datta S, Pal A, Singh SP, Biswas A, Chakrabarti S, Chakravarty R. Tumor suppressor micro RNA miR-145 and onco micro RNAs miR-21 and miR-222 expressions are differentially modulated by hepatitis B virus X protein in malignant hepatocytes. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:721. [PMID: 25260533 PMCID: PMC4190340 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) is known to be involved in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through modulation of host gene response. Alterations in miRNA expressions are frequently noted in HCC. This study is aimed to examine the role of HBx protein in the modulation of oncogenic miRNA-21, miRNA-222 and tumor suppressor miRNA-145 in malignant hepatocytes. METHODS Expressions of miRNA-21, miRNA-222 and miRNA-145 were measured in HepG2 cells transfected with HBx-plasmid (genotype D) and with full length HBV genome (genotype D) and also in stably HBV producing HepG2.2.15 cells using real time PCR. Their target mRNAs and proteins - PTEN, p27 and MAP3K - were analyzed by real time PCR and western blot respectively. miRNA expressions were measured after HBx/D mRNA specific siRNA treatment. The expressions of these miRNAs were analyzed in liver cirrhosis and HCC patients also. RESULTS The study revealed a down-regulation of miRNA-21 and miRNA-222 expressions in HBx transfected HepG2 cells, pUC-HBV 1.3 plasmid transfected HepG2 cells as well as in HepG2.2.15 cells. Down regulation of miRNA-21 and miRNA-222 expression was observed in patient serum samples. Down regulation of miRNA-145 expression was observed in HepG2 cells transiently transfected with HBx and pUC-HBV1.3 plasmid as well as in patient samples but the expression of miRNA-145 was increased in HepG2.2.15 cells. Target mRNA and protein expressions were modulated in HepG2 cells and in HepG2.2.15 cell line consistent with the modulation of miRNA expressions. CONCLUSION Thus, HBx protein differentially modulated the expression of miRNAs. The study throws light into possible way by which HBx protein acts through microRNA and thereby regulates host functioning. It might suggest new therapeutic strategies against hepatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr, S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata West Bengal, 700010, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Saha D, Pal A, Biswas A, Panigrahi R, Sarkar N, Das D, Sarkar J, Guha SK, Saha B, Chakrabarti S, Chakravarty R. Molecular characterization of HBV strains circulating among the treatment-naive HIV/HBV co-infected patients of eastern India. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90432. [PMID: 24587360 PMCID: PMC3938687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we reported that the exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection serves as a major threat among the treatment naive HIV infected population of eastern India. Hence, molecular characterization of these strains is of utmost importance in order to identify clinically significant HBV mutations. A total of 85 treatment naive HIV/HBV co-infected participants were included of whom the complete basal core promoter/precore region, the core and the whole envelope gene could be successfully sequenced for 59, 57 and 39 isolates respectively. Following phylogenetic analysis, it was found that HBV/D was the predominant genotype with HBV/D2 (38.5%) being the most prevalent subgenotype followed by HBV/A1. The major mutations affecting HBeAg expression includes the A1762T/G1764A (13.6%), G1896A (22%) and G1862T mutation (33.9%) which was predominantly associated with HBV/A1. Moreover, the prevalence of G1896A was considerably high among the HBeAg negative HIV/HBV co-infected subjects compared to HBV mono-infection. The main amino acid substitutions within the MHC class II restricted T-cell epitope of HBcAg includes the T12S (15.8%) and T67N (12.3%) mutation and the V27I (10.5%) mutation in the MHC class I restricted T-cell epitope. PreS1/S2 deletion was detected in 3 isolates with all harboring the BCP double mutation. Furthermore, the frequently occurring mutations in the major hydrophilic loop of the S gene include the T125M, A128V and M133I/L. Therefore, this study is the first from India to report useful information on the molecular heterogeneity of the HBV strains circulating among the treatment naive HIV/HBV co-infected population and is thus clinically relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debraj Saha
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Pal
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avik Biswas
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajesh Panigrahi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Neelakshi Sarkar
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanwita Das
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayeeta Sarkar
- Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Bibhuti Saha
- Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sekhar Chakrabarti
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Biswas A, Panigrahi R, Pal M, De BK, Chakrabarti S, Ghosh MK, Chandra Seth BC, Roychowdhury S, Chakravarty R. Association of Interleukin-1β and Gene Polymorphisms with Liver Pathogenesis in Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Eastern Indian Population. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2013; 3:281-7. [PMID: 25755515 PMCID: PMC3940093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an important member of the family of the proinflammatory cytokines that modulate outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the polymorphic genotypes of the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) promoter region and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN) and disease outcome in HBV-infected individuals. METHODS DNA was extracted from 395 study subjects including HBV carriers with varying clinical presentations, as well as healthy controls and spontaneously recovered cases (SRC). Polymorphisms in IL-1β (at position -511) and IL-1RN (variable nucleotide tandem repeats, VNTR) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR based assay respectively. RESULTS Among the study subjects, different IL-1β (at position -511) (CC, CT and TT) and IL-1RN (1/1, 1/2, 2/2 and 1/3) polymorphic genotypes were found at variable proportions. Logistic regression analysis revealed, no notable difference at the level of IL-1β promoter (P = 0.244; OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.52-1.18) or IL-1RN genotype polymorphism (P = 0.840; OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.78-1.36) among the HBV carriers and controls or SRC cases. Pairwise proportion testing showed, IL-1β -511 genotype CC was significantly higher among asymptomatic carriers (ASC) in comparison with liver cirrhosis (LC) patients (P value = 0.028) and healthy control group (P-value = 0.036). IL-1RN genotype 2/2 was considerably higher in LC group than SRC as well as control group. Combinations of IL-1β (-511) and IL-1RN polymorphisms were associated with disease progression, such as CC-1/2 with ASC and TT-2/2 with LC. CONCLUSION IL-1β polymorphisms are found to be associated with disease severity. Different polymorphic combinations are associated with degree of disease severity. Overall this is the first report from Eastern India, which shows association of IL-1β polymorphisms with HBV-related hepatic complications.
Collapse
Key Words
- ASC, asymptomatic carriers
- CLD, chronic liver disease
- Eastern India
- HBV
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IL-1RN, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- LC, liver cirrhosis
- LR, logistic regression
- PCR-RFLP, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- SRC, spontaneously recovered cases
- USG, ultrasonography
- VNTR, variable nucleotide tandem repeats
- cirrhosis
- interleukin polymorphisms
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Biswas
- ICMR Virus Unit Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajesh Panigrahi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Manisha Pal
- Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Binay K. De
- Department of Medicine, Calcutta Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India,Address for correspondence: Runu Chakravarty, ICMR Virus Unit Kolkata, GB 4, 1st Floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Kolkata 700010, India. Tel.: +91 33 2353 7425; fax: +91 33 2353 7424.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Saha D, Pal A, Biswas A, Panigrahi R, Sarkar N, Sarkar J, Pal M, Guha SK, Saha B, Chakrabarti S, Chakravarty R. Characterization of treatment-naive HIV/HBV co-infected patients attending ART clinic of a tertiary healthcare centre in eastern India. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73613. [PMID: 24023688 PMCID: PMC3758335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was designed to assess the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection scenario among the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients attending a tertiary healthcare unit in eastern India. Additionally, clinical and virological characterization of these viruses, prior to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation was also done for better understanding of the disease profile. METHODS Pool of ART-naive HIV/HBV co-infected and HIV mono-infected patients, participating in two different studies, were included in this study. HBV DNA was detected by nested-PCR amplification followed by HBV genotype determination and HBV reverse transcriptase (RT) region amplification and direct sequencing for detecting drug resistance. RESULTS The prevalence of HBsAg (11.3%) was higher compared to anti-HCV (1.9%) among the HIV infected ART-naive patients. Moreover, majority of the HBeAg positive HIV/HBV co-infected patients (87.7%) had HBV DNA ≥20,000 IU/ml with median HBV DNA significantly higher than that of HBeAg negative subjects (5.7 log10 IU/ml vs. 4.2 log10 IU/ml; p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis also showed that HBeAg-positive status was independently associated with higher HBV DNA level (p = <0.001). Notably, 60.9% of the HBeAg negative co-infected subjects had HBV DNA ≥2,000 IU/ml of which 37.0% had HBV DNA ≥20,000 IU/ml. Genotype HBV/D (68.2%) was the predominant genotype followed by HBV/A (24.3%) and HBV/C (7.5%). Anti-HBV drug resistant mutations were detected in two (3.8%) of the ART-naive patients. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HIV/HBV co-infection was relatively higher in our study subjects. HBeAg testing might provide clue for early treatment initiation. Furthermore, HBeAg negative patients are also associated with high HBV DNA levels and therefore require appropriate medical attention. Pre-treatment screening for anti-HBV drug resistant mutations is not necessary before ART initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debraj Saha
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - Ananya Pal
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - Avik Biswas
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajesh Panigrahi
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | - Neelakshi Sarkar
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Manisha Pal
- Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Bibhuti Saha
- Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Biswas A, Panigrahi R, Pal M, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya P, Chakrabarti S, Chakravarty R. Shift in the hepatitis B virus genotype distribution in the last decade among the HBV carriers from eastern India: Possible effects on the disease status and hbv epidemiology. J Med Virol 2013; 85:1340-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Biswas
- ICMR Virus Unit; ID & BG Hospital Campus; Kolkata India
| | | | - Manisha Pal
- Department of Statistics; University of Calcutta; Kolkata India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Panigrahi R, Majumder S, Gooptu M, Biswas A, Datta S, Chandra PK, Banerjee A, Chakrabarti S, Bandopadhyay D, De BK, Chakravarty R. Occult HBV infection among anti-HBc positive HIV-infected patients in apex referral centre, Eastern India. Ann Hepatol 2013; 11:870-5. [PMID: 23109450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of occult HBV, defined by the presence of HBV DNA in individuals with antibodies to HBV core antigen and with absence of HBV surface antigen, but its clinical significance and virological features in HIV-infected patients is still unclear. AIM To investigate the prevalence, clinical significance and molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection in ART-Naive HIV-positive individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Among the 1077 HIV-infected patients with different risk factors for HIV infection, 297 were HBsAg-ve ART-naive, of them 112 was randomly selected for the study. HBV DNA was tested by in-house PCR and quantified by qPCR. Molecular characterization was performed by sequencing the envelope and overlapping polymerase genes. RESULTS We found the prevalence of occult HBV to be 10.7% among a randomly selected group of HBsAg-ve/antiHBc+ve HIV-infected patients. Overall 33.9% (38 of 112) of the patients were antiHBc positive indicating exposure to HBV infection. HBV DNA was detected in 12/38 (31.5%) antiHBc positive samples and 50% of them had CD4 T cell count < 200 cells/mm(3). HCV coinfection was low (2.7%). No surrogate marker for OBI could be identified. Presence of antiHBs antibodies did not rule out OBI. Liver biopsy in six cases showed varying stages of chronic hepatitis. Several mutations were detected but not the common immune escape mutant G145R. CONCLUSION In conclusion the prevalence of OBI was significantly high among HIV coinfected patients, which highlights the importance of HBV DNA testing in these patients and indicates need for further prospective studies in larger cohorts to assess its clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Panigrahi
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Panigrahi R, Biswas A, De BK, Chakrabarti S, Chakravarty R. Characterization of antiviral resistance mutations among the Eastern Indian Hepatitis B virus infected population. Virol J 2013; 10:56. [PMID: 23409946 PMCID: PMC3621210 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antiviral therapy using nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) is an effective control measure of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; however they need long term treatment. Presence of drug-resistance mutations may get in the way of the efficacy of antiviral therapy. Our study was aimed at defining the prevalence of HBV drug-resistance in HBVrt region in a population of 147 HBsAg positive patients. Findings HBV/D has shown multiple types of HBVrt mutations both among treatment naïve (65.0%, 13 of 20 HBV/D) and treated patients (56.2%, 9 of 16 HBV/D). In additional, several mutations, with a suggested role in drug resistance, were detected among the treatment naïve as well as the treated patients. The mutations reported to be involved in reduction of drug effectiveness, was common among non-responders to therapy as well as among the naïve patients. Notably, classical antiviral resistance mutations (rtL80I/V-rtI169T-rtV173L-rtL180M-rtA181T/V/S-rtT184A/S/G/C-rtA194T-rtS202C /G/I -rtM204V/I-rtN236T-rtM250V) were not detected. Conclusion The prevalence of putative NAr mutations among non responders to therapy suggests that they might have role in reduced efficacy of currently available antivirals and requires further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Panigrahi
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pal A, Panigrahi R, Biswas A, Datta S, Sarkar N, Guha SK, Saha B, Banerjee A, Chakrabarti S, Chakravarty R. Influence of HIV-associated degree of immune suppression on molecular heterogeneity of hepatitis B virus among HIV co-infected patients. Virology 2012; 436:134-42. [PMID: 23228859 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the molecular diversity of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) among the HIV co-infected patients from eastern-India. HBsAg/HBV-DNA positive subjects (n=73) from 874 HIV-infected patients were analyzed by sequencing followed by genetic diversity quantification. HBV/genotype-D and HBV/sugenotype-D2 were predominant. HBV/D2 isolates from patients with low CD4 count manifested significantly lower non-synonymous substitutions (p<0.0001) and Shannon entropy (p=0.0006) in their surface and polymerase gene in comparison to those from moderately increased CD4 count. ART-induced immune-reconstitution therefore might raise non-synonymous immune/therapy escape substitutions among these HBV/D2 isolates. Decreased genetic diversity and increased viral load in the HBV/D2 isolates might facilitate the maintenance of their wild type characteristics in the low CD4 count, leading to its increased prevalence in this group. Interestingly, genetic diversity in HBV/A1, the next common subgenotype, was modified in the opposite manner. Together our results underscore the need for proper HBV molecular monitoring in HIV co-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Pal
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, GB 4, Kolkata 700010, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Panigrahi R, Biswas A, Banerjee A, Singh SP, Panigrahi MK, Roque-Afonso AM, Das HS, Mahapatra PK, Chakrabarti S, Chakravarty R. Subgenotype D5, BCP and MHR mutations in hepatic complications among hepatitis B virus infected patients from Orissa, India. Infect Genet Evol 2012; 12:1622-9. [PMID: 22820088 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The study was undertaken to investigate the clinical implications of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes, basal core promoter (BCP), precore (PC) and surface gene mutations in HBV infected patients from Orissa, southeastern India. HBV infections were identified by serology testing and HBV DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction among the 152 patients. After sequencing, surface gene mutation were studied by sequence analysis as well as by using BLOSUM scores and BCP mutations were studied only by sequence analysis. A high proportion of HBV/D5 (66.0%) was found among the study samples having significant relation with liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients (p<0.05). The BCP mutation, TA (81.4%) and C1753/TA (75.0%) was found in significant proportion (p<0.05) among HCC cases and in fact a gradual increase in these mutations were noted between inactive carriers (IC) to HCC group and also showed higher viral load. An increasing trend of major hydrophilic region (MHR) mutations in S gene was also observed from IC (56.0%) to chronic liver disease (CLD) (60.4%) to LC (72.4%) to HCC (95.0%) patients. In conclusion, our study suggests that the predominant HBV subgenotype HBV/D5 with high viral load and BCP mutations (double and triple) and high mutations in MHR region was significantly associated with advanced liver disease (LC and HCC) and might act as predictor of severe hepatic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Panigrahi
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a global health concern with an estimated 350 - 400 million people infected worldwide. Globally, HBV is the leading cause of chronic liver disease that may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and classification of the disease are important to determine whether therapy is needed. AREAS COVERED The review contains an overview of recent data on the existing and emerging developments in the molecular diagnostic and monitoring tools for chronic liver disease. EXPERT OPINION Monitoring of HBV viral load is the most widely used method in assessing liver disease severity, predicting development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, deciding initiation of antiviral therapy, assessing treatment response as well as early detection of emergence of drug resistance. Some recent studies have downplayed the importance of viral load in HBV management. Phenotyping/genotyping methods can establish emergent resistance to antivirals. Increasing number of reports suggest that clinical outcome and efficacy of antiviral treatment might vary with HBV genotype and precore/core promoter mutants. The importance of covalently closed circular DNA is also becoming apparent in this regard. Further studies on the development of newer molecular methods for a better management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) will minimize morbidity in CHB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit , GB 4, 1st Floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Kolkata 700010 , India +91 33 2353 7425 ; +91 33 2353 7424 ;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Biswas A, Panigrahi R, Banerjee A, Pal M, De BK, Chakrabarti S, Chakravarty R. Differential pattern of pre-S mutations/deletions and its association with hepatitis B virus genotypes in Eastern India. Infect Genet Evol 2012; 12:384-91. [PMID: 22266243 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The presence of three different HBV genotypes (A, C and D) in Eastern India provided us a unique opportunity to study HBV pre-S mutants in these genotypes and subtypes among the same ethnic population. Furthermore, we also aimed to investigate the association of the HBV pre-S mutation with clinical outcome. Pre-S1-S2 and S gene was amplified and sequenced from 86 HBsAg positive study subjects with varying clinical manifestation. The genetic variability in the pre-S region (mutations) was studied with respect to different HBV genotypes, subtypes and different clinical categories. Six different types of HBV pre-S mutations were detected in 25 cases (29.07%), among which pre-S2 start codon mutation (28.0%) and pre-S2 deletion (24.0%) were most common. Pre-S mutation was highest in HBV/C (7/18; 38.89%) followed by HBV/A (9/27; 33.33%) and HBV/D (9/40; 22.50%). Pre-S1 deletion is common in HBV/D, whereas pre-S2 start codon mutation and pre-S2 deletions are frequent among HBV/A and HBV/C, respectively. Interestingly, in HBV/A and HBV/C the tendency of mutation/deletion increases from pre-S1 to pre-S2 region while in HBV/D the opposite tendency was observed. A significantly higher association of pre-S mutation (p=0.013) and pre-S2 deletion/ablation (p=0.016) was found among the HBeAg negative cases. Pre-S1 deletion and pre-S2 deletion were common among the ASC and CLD cases respectively, while pre-S2 start codon mutation was significantly associated with cirrhosis (p<0.05). The study underscores the association of types of pre-S mutations with particular HBV genotype and clinical outcome in the study population.
Collapse
|
29
|
Das S, Mukherjee S, Lekli I, Gurusamy N, Bardhan J, Raychoudhury U, Chakravarty R, Banerji S, Knowlton AA, Das DK. Tocotrienols confer resistance to ischemia in hypercholesterolemic hearts: insight with genomics. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 360:35-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Mazumder Indra D, Mitra S, Roy A, Mondal RK, Basu PS, Roychoudhury S, Chakravarty R, Panda CK. Alterations of ATM and CADM1 in chromosomal 11q22.3-23.2 region are associated with the development of invasive cervical carcinoma. Hum Genet 2011; 130:735-48. [PMID: 21643982 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To understand the importance of chr11q22.3-23.2 region in the development of cervical cancer, we have studied the genetic and epigenetic alterations of the candidate genes ATM, PPP2R1B, SDHD and CADM1 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma (CACX) samples. Our study revealed low expression and high alterations (methylation/deletion) (55-59%) of ATM and CADM1 genes along with poor patient outcome. The alterations of ATM and CADM1 are associated with the progression of tumor from CIN to Stage I/II, thus implying their role in early invasiveness. The two genes, PPP2R1B and SDHD, lying in between ATM and CADM1, have low frequency of alterations, and majority of the alterations are in CACX samples, indicating that their alterations might be associated with disease progression. Expressions (mRNA/protein) of the genes showed concordance with their molecular alterations. Significant co-alteration of ATM and CADM1 points to their synergic action for the development of CACX. Mutation is, however, a rare phenomenon for inactivation of ATM. Association between the alteration of ATM and CHEK1 and poor survival of the patients having co-alterations of ATM and CHEK1 points to the DNA damage response pathway disruption in development of CACX. Thus, our data suggest that inactivation of ATM-CHEK1-associated DNA damage response pathway and CADM1-associated signaling network might have an important role in the development of CACX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjana Mazumder Indra
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Biswas A, Banerjee A, Chandra PK, Datta S, Panigrahi R, Dutta D, De BK, Pal M, Guha SK, Chakrabarti S, Chakravarty R. Variations in the functional domain of basal core promoter of hepatitis B virus among Eastern Indian patients with prevalence of genotypes A, C, and D among the same ethnic population. J Med Virol 2011; 83:253-60. [PMID: 21181919 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the basal core promoter (BCP) and precore (PC) regions are associated with persistent and intermittently high hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in several patients. The variability in the functional domains of BCP and PC region of HBV and their association with disease progression and clinical outcome were assessed in Eastern India, an unique region where three HBV genotypes, A, D, and C are prevalent among the same ethnic group. PCR amplification and direct sequencing of BCP and PC region was done on sera obtained from 130 HBsAg positive subjects with different clinical presentations. Associations of the apparent risk factors with clinical advancement were evaluated by statistical methods including multiple logistic regression analyses (MLR). HBV genotype A was present in 33.08%, C in 25.38%, and D in 41.54% cases. Genotypes A and C were associated with higher rate of T1762/A1764 mutations than the most predominant genotype D. HBeAg negative state was associated with considerably higher rate of C1753 mutation. T1762/A1764 along with C1753 was common among cirrhosis and T1762/A1764 without C1753 was frequent among chronic liver disease cases. No significant association was found between A1896 point mutation and clinical status. Multivariate analysis revealed that T1762/A1764 double mutation, HBV/A, age ≥25 years, C1753 and A1899 were critical factors for clinical advancement while age ≥25 years and C1753 as significant predictor for cirrhosis in comparison with chronic liver disease. In conclusion, the analysis of the BCP variability may help in monitoring the progression towards advanced liver disease in Eastern Indian patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Biswas
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) virus infections are global health problems which may cause cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) though a satellite virus of HBV, can also cause chronic infection. Serologic and molecular tools are needed for the diagnosis, monitoring and therapeutic management of chronic viral hepatitis associated with HBV, HDV and HCV. In HBV infection several serological markers are available for diagnosis and staging; while molecular assays are important for pretreatment evaluation, assessing drug response and identification of mutants. The endpoint of chronic HCV and HDV treatment is the sustained virological response, defined by an undetectable HCV/HDV RNA in serum with a sensitive assay 6 months after completion of treatment. HCV genotype and quantitative HCV RNA testing plays an important role in determining treatment duration, doses and also assess the likelihood of treatment response. Thus, virological assays are important in the diagnosis and management of individuals infected with chronic viral hepatitis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers/blood
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Drug Resistance, Viral
- Genotype
- Hepacivirus/genetics
- Hepacivirus/isolation & purification
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification
- Hepatitis Delta Virus/genetics
- Hepatitis Delta Virus/isolation & purification
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/blood
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/drug therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Monitoring, Physiologic/methods
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, GB 4, 1st Floor ID and BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. Suresh Chandra Banerjee Road, Kolkata 700010, India.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chandra PK, Biswas A, Datta S, Banerjee A, Panigrahi R, Chakrabarti S, De BK, Chakravarty R. Subgenotypes of hepatitis B virus genotype D (D1, D2, D3 and D5) in India: differential pattern of mutations, liver injury and occult HBV infection. J Viral Hepat 2009; 16:749-56. [PMID: 19457142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B genotype D (HBV/D) is the most widespread genotype and exists as at least five subgenotypes (HBV/D1-D5). However, little is known about the association of virological characteristics with clinical differences among HBV/D subgenotypes. To investigate the virological characteristics of these subgenotypes and their clinical implications, we selected a cohort of 109 genotype D infected individuals from the state of West Bengal, India, including 68 HBsAg positive patients and 41 with occult HBV infection. Among the HBsAg positive subjects 28 had chronic hepatitis B virus infection, 40 were asymptomatic carriers based on clinical examination, liver function test and ultrasonograph results. Overall, HBV/D1 was found in 17%, HBV/D2 in 29%, HBV/D3 in 34% and HBV/D5 in 20% of the cases. HBV/D1 was significantly associated with chronic liver disease (P = 0.01), and in this subgenotype A1896 (PreC mutations) were most common. Although BCP mutations (A/C1753 and T1762/A1764) were found to be frequently associated with HBV/D2 (33% and 33%) and D5 (47% and 59%), no apparent clinical correlation was observed. On the other hand, occult HBV infection was significantly associated with HBV/D3 infection, along with low level of BCP and PreC mutations and several non-synonymous substitutions in the catalytic reverse transcriptase (RT) domain of polymerase gene. Similar nucleotide substitutions in the surface (S) gene region were observed from both northern and eastern Indian HBV/D3 isolates. In conclusion, HBV/D subgenotypes differ in their mutational patterns in the S, polymerase and the BCP/PreC regions that may influence their clinical outcomes.
Collapse
|
34
|
Baig S, Siddiqui AA, Chakravarty R, Moatter T, Unnissa T, Nazr-ul-Hasnain. Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus in Pakistan. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2009; 18:688-94. [PMID: 18983792 DOI: 11.2008/jcpsp.688694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the distribution pattern of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) genotype in a group of patients and to study its phylogenetic divergence. STUDY DESIGN An observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The clinics of Gastroenterology Unit, Ziauddin University, from January to December 2006. METHODOLOGY Two hundred and one HBV infected patients were genotyped for this study. All HbsAg positive individuals, either healthy carriers or suffering from conditions such as acute or chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were included. Hepatitis B patients co-infected with other hepatic viruses were excluded. Hepatitis B virus DNA was extracted from serum, and subjected to a nested PCR, using the primers type-specific for genotype detection. Phylogenetic analysis was performed in the pre-S1 through S genes of HBV. The divergence was studied through 15 sequences of 967 bp submitted to the DBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases accessible under accession number EF584640 through EF584654. RESULTS Out of 201 patients tested, 156 were males and 45 were females. Genotype D was the predominant type found in 128 (64%) patients followed by A in 47 (23%) and mixed A/D in 26 (13%). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the dominance of genotype D and subtype ayw2. CONCLUSION There was dominance of genotype D subtype ayw2. It had a close resemblance with HBV strains that circulate in Iran, India and Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeeda Baig
- Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Baig S, Siddiqui A, Chakravarty R, Moatter T. Hepatitis B virus subgenotypes D1 and D3 are prevalent in Pakistan. BMC Res Notes 2009; 2:1. [PMID: 19121226 PMCID: PMC2636821 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As the hepatitis B genotyping is important for assessing its clinical implications and geographical distribution, the sub-genotypes have been found useful for determination of specific genomic markers related to hepatocarcinogenesis. In Pakistan, there is no reported data on molecular evolutionary analysis of HBV. A study was, therefore, much needed to evaluate the spectra of mutations present in the strains prevalent here. Findings to confirm specificity of PCR typing, phylogenetic analysis of the pre-S1 region and the divergence was studied through 13 sequences of 362 bp (accession number EF432765 – EF432777). A total of 315 serum samples, selected from HBsAg positive patients representing the major ethnic groups, residing in Karachi, Sindh were tested for genotyping. Genotype D (219/315) was found to be the most prevalent (70%) amongst our patients. The rest of the genotypes A and a mixture of A and D (AD) were distributed as 20%, and 10% respectively. Phylogenetic tree demonstrated clustering of 11 samples with subgenotype D1 sequences and the remaining two strains on a branch within D3 samples. All samples intermixed with strains from other countries and were found to be closely related to Indian, Iranian and Egyptian HBV strains with 98.7 – 99.0% homology. Conclusion This study confirms the predominance of genotype D in southeastern Asia and presence of subgenotypes DI and D3 in the Pakistani infected patients. More studies are required to investigate the reason for fewer inclusions of D3 compared to the D1 in Pakistani HBV strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeeda Baig
- Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin Medical College, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Biswas A, Chandra PK, Datta S, Panigrahi R, Banerjee A, Chakrabarti S, Biswas K, Patra D, Bhattacharya P, Biswas K, Chakravarty R. Frequency and distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes among eastern Indian voluntary blood donors: Association with precore and basal core promoter mutations. Hepatol Res 2009; 39:53-9. [PMID: 18713275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2008.00403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To screen hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and associated basal core promoter (BCP; T1762/A1764) and precore (PreC; A1896) mutations among the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positive voluntary blood donors in eastern India. METHODS HBV genotypes, BCP and PreC mutations of 141 HBsAg positive voluntary blood donors were determined by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method and a phylogenetic tree was constructed from surface (S) gene region sequences of representative HBsAg positive donors to confirm the results. RESULTS HBV/D was the most predominant (79, 56.0%) genotype followed by HBV/C (33, 23.4%) and HBV/A (29, 20.6%). HBV/C infected blood donors are mostly young (18-25 years). The occurrence of BCP mutation was found to be significantly higher in HBV/C (24, 72.7%) than in HBV/A (7, 24.1%, P < 0.001) and HBV/D (17, 21.5%, P < 0.001), whereas PreC mutation was more frequent in HBV/D (28, 35.4%) than in HBV/C (9, 27.3%). However, the simultaneous presence of BCP and PreC mutations was more common in HBV/C (8/33, 24.2%), followed by HBV/D (6/79, 7.6%). CONCLUSION In addition to HBV/D and HBV/A, a significant proportion of HBV/C (23.4%) was also present among the voluntary blood donors from eastern India, most frequently in the 18-25 year age group. BCP mutation was more common in HBV/C infected donors.
Collapse
|
37
|
Datta S, Biswas A, Chandra PK, Banerjee A, Panigrahi R, Mahapatra PK, Chakrabarti S, Panda CK, Chakravarty R. Molecular epidemiology and clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotypes, core promoter and precore mutations in eastern India. Intervirology 2008; 51:275-84. [PMID: 18987483 DOI: 10.1159/000170902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This unmatched case-control study aimed at determining the molecular epidemiology and clinical significance of HBV genotypes, core promoter (CP) and precore (PC) mutations in Eastern India. METHODS Serological, biochemical and molecular assays were used to examine antigens, ALT, genotypes, mutations and viremia among 106 inactive carriers and 183 chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. RESULTS Male gender (p < 0.001), HBeAg positivity (p = 0.050), high ALT (p < 0.001), high viremia (p < 0.001), CP mutations (p < 0.001), and genotypes A (p < 0.001) and C (p = 0.027) were significantly associated with CLD. Subjects infected with genotypes A and C had significantly higher prevalence of BCP mutations (p < 0.001), and low incidence of PC mutation (p < 0.001 and p = 0.047, respectively). Prevalence of genotype D was significantly higher among subjects with history of familial/childhood jaundice, while genotypes A and C were frequent among subjects with possible percutaneous exposure. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in risk factors and disease manifestation do exist among patients infected with different HBV genotypes. Genotypes A and C are frequently found among chronic liver disease patients, while genotype D is associated with inactive HBeAg-negative infections. This evaluation of clinical relevance of HBV genotypes, mutations and risk factors may be useful in disease prognosis, management and prevention strategies.
Collapse
|
38
|
Banerjee A, Chandra PK, Datta S, Biswas A, Bhattacharya P, Chakraborty S, Chakrabarti S, Bhattacharya SK, Chakravarty R. Frequency and significance of hepatitis B virus surface gene variant circulating among 'antiHBc only' individuals in Eastern India. J Clin Virol 2007; 40:312-7. [PMID: 17997353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic mutation might account for the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA among antiHBc only individuals. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and significance of surface gene mutations among antiHBc only cases in our population. METHODS Three hundred and three antiHBc(+) sera of adults (mean age, 33.7+/-11.0; range 18-65 years) as well as HBsAg(+)/HBV DNA(+) (n=19) controls were included in this study. Surface gene and basal core promoter (BCP)-precore region were amplified and surface gene was analyzed after direct sequencing. RESULTS One hundred and seventy-eight out of 303 (58.8%) was antiHBc only, 39/171 (22.8%) of them was HBV DNA(+). Genotypes A, C, D were found among both HBsAg(+) and antiHBc(+) samples. Single or multiple amino acids substitutions were found in 82% samples, however, G145R vaccine escape mutation was rare. Individuals having substitutions within as well as outside major hydrophilic loop (MHL) region were detected; some of these mutations were in overlapping RT domain of polymerase (Pol) gene. CONCLUSIONS The existence of occult HBV infection among antiHBc only individuals could not be explained fully by mutations in the 'a' determinant region of surface gene in our population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arup Banerjee
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Datta S, Banerjee A, Chandra PK, Chakraborty S, Basu SK, Chakravarty R. Detection of a premature stop codon in the surface gene of hepatitis B virus from an HBsAg and antiHBc negative blood donor. J Clin Virol 2007; 40:255-8. [PMID: 17869170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 04/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In blood donors, HBV infection is detected by the presence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). However, some mutations in the surface gene region may result in altered or truncated HBsAg that can escape from immunoassay-based diagnosis. Such diagnostic escape mutants pose a potential risk for blood transfusion services. RESULTS In the present study, we report a blood donor seronegative for HBsAg and antiHBc, but positive for antiHBs who was HBV DNA positive by PCR. Sequencing of the HBsAg gene revealed presence of a point mutation (T-A) at 207th nucleotide of the HBsAg ORF, which resulted in a premature stop codon at position 69. This results in a truncated HBsAg gene lacking the entire 'a' determinant region. However, follow-up of the donor after 2 years revealed clearance of HBV DNA from the serum. CONCLUSION The case illustrates an unusual mutation, which causes HBsAg negativity. The finding emphasizes the importance of molecular assays in reducing the possibility of HBV transmission through blood transfusion. However, developing more sensitive serological assays, capable of detecting HBV mutants, is an alternative to expensive and complex amplification-based assays for developing countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibnarayan Datta
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID and BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Datta S, Banerjee A, Chandra PK, Chakravarty R. Pin1-HBx interaction: a step toward understanding the significance of hepatitis B virus genotypes in hepatocarcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2007; 133:727-8; author reply 728-9. [PMID: 17681194 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
41
|
Bhattacharya P, Chandra PK, Datta S, Banerjee A, Chakraborty S, Rajendran K, Basu SK, Bhattacharya SK, Chakravarty R. Significant increase in HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis infections among blood donors in West Bengal, Eastern India 2004-2005: Exploratory screening reveals high frequency of occult HBV infection. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:3730-3. [PMID: 17659734 PMCID: PMC4250646 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i27.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among blood donors in Kolkata, Eastern India for two consecutive years and to conduct a pilot study to explore the presence of HBV DNA among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative but anti-HBc positive blood donors.
METHODS: Seroprevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV was studied among 113 051 and 106 695 voluntary blood donors screened in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Moreover, a pilot study on 1027 HBsAg negative donors was carried out for evaluating the presence of HBV DNA by PCR on HBsAg negative/anti-HBc positive donors.
RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in the prevalence of HBV (1448 vs 1768, P < 0.001), HIV (262 vs 374, P < 0.001), HCV (314 vs 372, P = 0.003) and syphilis (772 vs 853, P = 0.001) infections was noted among blood donors of Kolkata West Bengal in 2005 as compared to 2004. Moreover, the exploratory study on 1027 HBsAg negative donors revealed that 188 (18.3%) of them were anti-HBc positive out of which 21% were positive for HBV DNA.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study underscore the significantly increasing endemicity of hepatitis viruses, syphilis and HIV among the voluntary blood donors of our community. The pilot study indicates a high rate of prevalence of HBV DNA among HBsAg negative/anti-HBc positive donors and thus emphasizes the need for a more sensitive and stringent screening algorithm for blood donations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Bhattacharya
- Institute of Blood Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Datta S, Banerjee A, Chandra PK, Mahapatra PK, Chakrabarti S, Chakravarty R. Drug trafficking routes and hepatitis B in injection drug users, Manipur, India. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 12:1954-7. [PMID: 17326951 PMCID: PMC3291348 DOI: 10.3201/eid1212.060425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of hepatitis B genotype C in injection drug users in the northeastern Indian state of Manipur, neighboring the "Golden Triangle," correlates well with overland drug-trafficking routes, the injection drug use epidemic, and the spread of HIV. Further spread to other regions of India through mobile populations is possible.
Collapse
|
43
|
Datta S, Banerjee A, Chandra PK, Chakravarty R. Selecting a genetic region for molecular analysis of hepatitis B virus transmission. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:687; author reply 688. [PMID: 17277176 PMCID: PMC1829054 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02046-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sibnarayan Datta
- ICMR Virus Unit, KolkataGB4, 1st FloorID & BG Hospital CampusKolkata 700010, India
| | - Arup Banerjee
- ICMR Virus Unit, KolkataGB4, 1st FloorID & BG Hospital CampusKolkata 700010, India
| | - Partha Kumar Chandra
- ICMR Virus Unit, KolkataGB4, 1st FloorID & BG Hospital CampusKolkata 700010, India
| | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, KolkataGB4, 1st FloorID & BG Hospital CampusKolkata 700010, India
- Phone: (91 33) 2353 7425, Fax: (91 33) 2353 7424, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chandra PK, Banerjee A, Datta S, Chakravarty R. G1862T mutation among hepatitis B virus-infected individuals: association with viral genotypes and disease outcome in Kolkata, Eastern India. Intervirology 2007; 50:173-80. [PMID: 17259736 DOI: 10.1159/000098960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of G1862T mutation in hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolates among Eastern Indian patients and its relationship with genotypes, HBeAg status and disease manifestation. METHODS HBV DNA was isolated from patients, amplified by nested PCR and sequenced directly. RESULTS Of the 102 patients, 32 were HBeAg positive and 70 HBeAg negative; 55, 24 and 23 isolates were infected with genotypes D, A and C, respectively. G1862T was detected in 18 samples, 15 (83%) of them belonged to genotype A (subgenotype HBV/A1), 3 (17%) to genotype D. This mutation was more frequent in HBeAg-negative than in HBeAg-positive patients (21 vs. 9%), whereas in HBV/A1 it was as common in HBeAg-positive as in HBeAg-negative patients and significantly associated with T1762/A1764 mutation. The mean viral load was lower in patients with G1862T mutation. Furthermore, this mutation was common in various clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION In our community, G1862T mutation was predominantly found in HBV/A1 isolates irrespective of HBeAg status. Moreover this mutation could not be correlated to the clinical outcome. These findings indicate that the G1862T mutation is probably a part of the natural variability of HBV/A1.
Collapse
|
45
|
Datta S, Chandra PK, Banerjee A, Chakravarty R, Murhekar KM, Murhekar MV. Predominance of hepatitis B virus genotype C among Karens, the 'old settlers' of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Arch Virol 2007; 152:1223-8. [PMID: 17216140 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Karens, or 'old settlers', migrated from Myanmar to Andaman and Nicobar islands 80 years ago. A high HBV exposure rate among them has been reported. A study of 34 HBsAg carriers was done to investigate the origin of HBV infection among the Karens. RFLP-based genotyping was confirmed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The predominance of HBV/C1/Cs suggests that they carried HBV during their migration, retained it, and in addition, acquired HBV/D2 from the people of mainland India. The reported association of HBV genotype C with disease severity thus warrants further epidemiological investigations among them and on possible spread among neighboring settlers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Datta
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID and BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Banerjee A, Datta S, Chandra PK, Roychowdhury S, Panda CK, Chakravarty R. Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes: Phylogenetic analysis and virological characteristics of Genotype C circulating among HBV carriers in Kolkata, Eastern India. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:5964-71. [PMID: 17009394 PMCID: PMC4124403 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i37.5964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Eastern India and to clarify the phylogenetic origin and virological characteristics of the recently identified genotype C in this region.
METHODS: Genotype determination, T1762/A1764 mutation in the basal core promoter (BCP) and A1896 mutation in the precore region of 230 subjects were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism method (RFLP) and the result was confirmed by direct sequencing.
RESULTS: The predominant genotypes D (HBV/D) and A (HBV/A) were detected in 131/230 (57%) and 57/230 (25%) samples. In addition, genotype C (HBV/C) was detected in 42/230 (18%) isolates. Surface gene region was sequenced from 45 isolates (27 HBV/C, 9 HBV/A and 9 HBV/D). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all of the HBV/C sequences clustered with South East Asian subgenotype (HBV/Cs). The sequence data showed remarkable similarity with a Thai strain (AF068756) (99.5% ± 0.4% nucleotide identities) in 90% of the genotype C strains analyzed. T1762/A1764 mutation in BCP region, associated with high ALT was significantly higher in HBeAg negative isolates than HBeAg positive isolates. Frequency of A1896 mutation leading to HBeAg negativity was low.
CONCLUSION: The present study reports the genotypic distribution and the characteristics of partial genome sequences of HBV/C isolates from Eastern India. Low genetic diversity and confinement of HBV/C in Eastern India possibly indicate a recent, limited, spread in this region. Genotype C with T1762/A1764 mutation has been reported to increase the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma; therefore genotype C carriers in Eastern India should be carefully monitored.
Collapse
|
47
|
Banerjee A, Kurbanov F, Datta S, Chandra PK, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, Chakravarty R. Phylogenetic relatedness and genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus isolates in Eastern India. J Med Virol 2006; 78:1164-74. [PMID: 16847957 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been classified into eight genotypes, and several subgenotypes, distinctly distributed geographically. The genotypes A and D were previously reported to be predominant in India. Recent studies indicated evidence of circulation of genotype C in Eastern part of India. With the aim to confirm the phylogenetic relation and molecular genetic characteristics of the HBV circulating in Kolkata, the most populous city in Eastern India, 11 strains were isolated and the complete genome sequences were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis determined; three genotype C (adr-serotype) isolates closely related with C1 (Cs) subgenotype references from South East Asia, and three genotype A (adw2-serotype) isolates, related to Asia-variant references of subgenotype A1 (Aa). Whereas, five genotype D (ayw2, ayw3 serotype) isolates were highly divergent; one was related to subgenotype D1, two to subgenotype D3, and the remaining two clustered with a single genotype D isolate from Japan belonging to an unclassified subgenotype. Together, these two isolates differed from HBV D1-D4 subgenotypes by nucleotide differences ranging from 5.0 to 5.49%, probably indicating a new subgenotype, which we designate as D5. All serotype ayw3 of genotype D isolates had specific amino acid substitution Threonine at codon 118 and Methionine at codon 125 in antigenic determinant of surface gene that has not been reported previously in isolates from other parts of India. In conclusion; using the complete genome analyses this study has confirmed circulation of the genotype C in Eastern part of India and demonstrated considerable genotypic heterogeneity of the Indian genotype D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arup Banerjee
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Datta S, Banerjee A, Chandra PK, Chowdhury A, Chakravarty R. Genotype, phylogenetic analysis, and transmission pattern of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in families of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. J Med Virol 2006; 78:53-9. [PMID: 16299727 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Occult hepatitis B is defined by the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum in absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Studies were conducted to screen for occult HBV infection among family members of HBV carriers, incidentally detected positive for HBV infection with a view to assess the pattern of virus transmission among them. Nested PCR assay, employing independent sets of primers to surface and core genes, was used for detection of HBV DNA in serum samples from 28 index cases with asymptomatic HBV infection, and in serum samples from 72 HBsAg negative/anti-HBc positive family members. HBV DNA was detected in 15 HBsAg negative family members of 10 HBsAg positive index patients and was studied in detail. Direct sequencing of S gene region of 25 isolates (10 index cases and 15 contacts) and phylogenetic analysis with data base sequences revealed that genotypes A, C, and D and subtype adw2, adr, and ayw3 were present among them. Evidence of transmission from outside family sources was found in addition to intrafamilial transmission among individuals with occult infection. Mutations in the major hydrophilic loop (MHL) of the S gene region were also detected, including the 'vaccine escape' mutation G145R in three cases. Although majority of the occult infection was associated with low viral load, 3/15 (20%) cases were with higher viral load and potential infectivity. These cases are especially notable in diagnostic, blood banking, and transplantation services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibnarayan Datta
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Murhekar MV, Chakravarty R, Murhekar KM, Banerjee A, Sehgal SC. Hepatitis B virus genotypes among the Jarawas: a primitive Negrito tribe of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Arch Virol 2006; 151:1499-510. [PMID: 16514497 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-006-0737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Jarawas, a classical hunter-gatherer tribe of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, were living in isolation for several centuries. They came into contact with the civilized world recently. Serological studies carried out among them revealed that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is hyper-endemic. The present study was carried out to investigate the possible origin of HBV infection in Jarawas. Genotyping, RFLP analysis, sequencing, and sequence analysis revealed the prevalence of HBV genotype C, similar to genotype C detected in Thailand, Vietnam, and Myanmar. In contrast, genotype D was prevalent among other non-Jarawa tribes of the island. These data suggest that HBV infection was transmitted from Indo-China to the Andaman Islands during migration of the Jarawas many centuries ago.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Murhekar
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chakravarty R, Chowdhury A, Chaudhuri S, Santra A, Neogi M, Rajendran K, Panda CK, Chakravarty M. Hepatitis B infection in Eastern Indian families: need for screening of adult siblings and mothers of adult index cases. Public Health 2005; 119:647-54. [PMID: 15925680 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2004.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2004] [Revised: 08/16/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES India, with its 43 million hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers and absence of any national immunization programme, adds a substantial number of HBV infections to the HBV carrier pool yearly. The aim of this study was to assess the spread of HBV infection in families with an infected member and to identify the family members with the highest risk of infection in our community. METHODS A total of 937 serum samples from 215 HBV-infected cases and 722 members of their households were screened prospectively for markers of HBV by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Among family members, 140 (19.4%) were HBsAg positive and 272 (37.6%) were negative for HBsAg but positive for either anti HBc or anti HBs. There were 145 HBsAg-positive adults among the index cases whose 133 adult siblings, 59 spouses and 59 mothers participated in the study. Interestingly, 28.81% mothers and 28.57% adult siblings of these adult index cases were positive for HBsAg compared with only 8.75% of their spouses (P < 0.001). Only 15.2% of the HBsAg-positive women in the childbearing age group were found to be HBeAg positive. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that intrafamilial childhood horizontal transmission is important for HBV transmission in our community, and highlight the need for screening of adult siblings and mothers of adult HBsAg carriers in addition to their spouses and children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID and BG Hospital Campus, Kolkata, GB-4, 1st Floor, 57 Dr SC Banerjee Road, Kolkata 700010, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|