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Sartore-Bianchi A, Tosi F, Bergamo F, Amatu A, Ghezzi S, Martino C, Bonazzina E, Bencardino K, Fenocchio E, Mauri G, Ardizzoni A, Torri V, Valtorta E, Bonoldi E, Vanzulli A, Regge D, Ciardiello F, Zagonel V, Marsoni S, Siena S. 507P Central nervous system recurrence in HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Sartore-Bianchi A, Martino C, Lonardi S, Fenocchio E, Amatu A, Ghezzi S, Zagonel V, Ciardiello F, Ardizzoni A, Tosi F, Valtorta E, Torri V, Bonoldi E, Sapino A, Bardelli A, Cappello G, Vanzulli A, Marsoni S, Trusolino L, Siena S. Phase II study of pertuzumab and trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) in patients with HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer: The HERACLES-B (HER2 Amplification for Colo-rectaL cancer Enhanced Stratification, cohort B) trial. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz394.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Innocenti A, Melita D, Mori F, Ghezzi S, Innocenti M. Comment on: “A case report of a complete degloving injury of the penile skin”. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 36:108-109. [PMID: 28554105 PMCID: PMC5447507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Genitalia are a key element for male self-esteem, contributing towards mental and physical balance and influencing their social life. Scrotal dartos-fascio-mio-cutaneous flap for shaft coverage offers a large amount of tissue with low donor site morbidity, avoiding unsightly scars in more visible parts of the body.
Introduction We recently published an article in the International Journal of Surgical Case Reports titled: “Scrotal dartos-fascio-myo-cutaneous flap for penis elongation after catastrophic iatrogenic skin shaft sub-amputation: A case of recovery using an extremely adaptable flap”. Presentation of case We propose a comment on a recent article titled “A case report of a complete degloving injury of the penile skin” by Helena Aineskog and Frederik Huss that we read with great interest. Discussion Genitalia are linked to self-esteem and male sexual identity, especially among young men, who sometimes require a surgical procedure to acquire more confidence. Various techniques are available for pe-nile skin covering, such as skin grafts or cutaneous flaps. The skin of the scrotum seems to be the most suitable tissue to be used to reconstruct the skin covering of the shaft as it is the most similar. Conclusion Scrotal flap is a single stage procedure that is easy and safe to perform.
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Amatu A, Barault L, Moutinho C, Cassingena A, Bencardino K, Ghezzi S, Palmeri L, Bonazzina E, Tosi F, Ricotta R, Cipani T, Crivori P, Gatto R, Chirico G, Marrapese G, Truini M, Bardelli A, Esteller M, Di Nicolantonio F, Sartore-Bianchi A, Siena S. Tumor MGMT promoter hypermethylation changes over time limit temozolomide efficacy in a phase II trial for metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1062-1067. [PMID: 26916096 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective response to dacarbazine, the intravenous form of temozolomide (TMZ), in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is confined to tumors harboring O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter hypermethylation. We conducted a phase II study of TMZ enriched by MGMT hypermethylation in archival tumor (AT), exploring dynamic of this biomarker in baseline tumor (BT) biopsy and plasma (liquid biopsy). PATIENTS AND METHODS We screened 150 mCRC patients for MGMT hypermethylation with methylation-specific PCR on AT from FFPE specimens. Eligible patients (n = 29) underwent BT biopsy and then received TMZ 200 mg/m(2) days 1-5 q28 until progression. A Fleming single-stage design was used to determine whether progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 12 weeks would be ≥35% [H0 ≤ 15%, type I error = 0.059 (one-sided), power = 0.849]. Exploratory analyses included comparison between MGMT hypermethylation in AT and BT, and MGMT methylation testing by MethylBEAMing in solid (AT, BT) and LB with regard to tumor response. RESULTS The PFS rate at 12 weeks was 10.3% [90% confidence interval (CI) 2.9-24.6]. Objective response rate was 3.4% (90% CI 0.2-15.3), disease control rate 48.3% (90% CI 32.0-64.8), median OS 6.2 months (95% CI 3.8-7.6), and median PFS 2.6 months (95% CI 1.4-2.7). We observed the absence of MGMT hypermethylation in BT in 62.7% of tumors. CONCLUSION Treatment of mCRC with TMZ driven by MGMT promoter hypermethylation in AT samples did not provide meaningful PFS rate at 12 weeks. This biomarker changed from AT to BT, indicating that testing BT biopsy or plasma is needed for refined target selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amatu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan
| | - L Barault
- Experimental Clinical Molecular Oncology Cancer Epigenetics, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - C Moutinho
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Cassingena
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan
| | - K Bencardino
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan
| | - S Ghezzi
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan
| | - L Palmeri
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan
| | - E Bonazzina
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan
| | - F Tosi
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan
| | - R Ricotta
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan
| | - T Cipani
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan
| | - P Crivori
- Department of Oncology, CLIOSS s.r.l., Nerviano, Milan
| | - R Gatto
- Department of Oncology, CLIOSS s.r.l., Nerviano, Milan
| | - G Chirico
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan
| | - G Marrapese
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan
| | - M Truini
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan
| | - A Bardelli
- Experimental Clinical Molecular Oncology Cancer Epigenetics, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Turin
| | - M Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Di Nicolantonio
- Experimental Clinical Molecular Oncology Cancer Epigenetics, Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Turin
| | - A Sartore-Bianchi
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan.
| | - S Siena
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan; Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Sartore-Bianchi A, Amatu A, Stabile S, Tosi F, Bonazzina E, Maiolani M, Rusconi F, Galbiati D, Orlando V, Pietrogiovanna L, Gambaro A, Ghezzi S, Mastroianni D, Marrapese G, Lauricella C, Valtorta E, Veronese S, Truini M, Siena S. Pooled analysis of clinical outcome of patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer treated within clinical studies based on individual molecular alterations at Niguarda Cancer Center. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv340.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ricotta R, Ghezzi S, Verrioli A, Porcu L, Cremolini C, Argiles G, Adenis A, Ychou M, Barone C, Bouche O, Humblet Y, Mineur L, Sobrero A, Pietrogiovanna L, Maiolani M, Galbiati D, Tosi F, Redaelli D, Grothey A. Cavitation of lung metastases induced by regorafenib is associated with radiological response in metastatic colorectal cancer: data from the phase III correct study. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv340.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ricotta R, Verrioli A, Ghezzi S, Grothey A, Cremolini C, Argiles G, Adenis A, Ychou M, Barone C, Bouchet O, Humblet Y, Mineur L, Sobrero A, Peeters M, Van Cutsem E, Porcu L, Amatu A, Sartore-Bianchi A, Vanzulli A, Siena S. 2015 Cavitation of lung metastases induced by regorafenib in patients with colorectal carcinoma: Data from the phase III CORRECT study. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Risé P, Tragni E, Ghezzi S, Agostoni C, Marangoni F, Poli A, Catapano AL, Siani A, Iacoviello L, Galli C. Different patterns characterize Omega 6 and Omega 3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in blood from Italian infants, children, adults and elderly. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:215-20. [PMID: 23910046 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), especially the Omega 3, modulate key functions in the body. Their circulating levels are representative of their "status", and may vary at different ages. We have compared the FA status in Italian subjects from neonates to adulthood, assessed through FA analysis of blood drops from fingertips. Data from four cohorts of Italian subjects (total number 1835), have been pooled in four age-groups: neonates (4 days, n=81), children (2-9 years, n=728), adults (40-59 years, n=434) and elderly (60-79 years, n=592). LC-PUFA of both series (Omega 3 and 6) are higher in the blood of neonates than at subsequent ages, reflecting the efficient transfer of these FA from mothers to the fetus. In contrast, the lowest levels of Omega 3 PUFA, especially of DHA, are found in children, probably reflecting inadequate dietary intakes, with possible consequences on the health status at subsequent ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Risé
- DiSFeB, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, Milan, Italy.
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Ghezzi S, Pacciarini F, Nozza S, Racca S, Mariani SA, Vicenzi E, Lazzarin A, Veglia F, Tambussi G, Poli G. Persistence of CCR5 usage among primary human immunodeficiency virus isolates of individuals receiving intermittent interleukin-2. HIV Med 2009; 11:349-52. [PMID: 20015219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of intermittent interleukin-2 (IL-2) plus combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on HIV-1 entry co-receptor use. METHODS Primary HIV-1 isolates were obtained from 54 HIV-1-positive individuals at baseline and after 12 months using co-cultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with activated PBMC of HIV-negative healthy donors. HIV-1 co-receptor use was determined on U87-CD4 cells. RESULTS Fourteen out of the 21 (67%) IL-2-treated individuals harbouring a primary CCR5-dependent (R5) HIV-1 isolate at baseline confirmed an R5 virus isolation after 12 months in contrast to 3 out of 7 (43%) of those receiving cART only. After 12 months, only 1 R5X4 HIV-1 isolate was obtained from 21 cART+IL-2-treated individuals infected with an R5 virus at entry (5%) vs. 2/7 (29%) patients receiving cART alone, as confirmed by a 5-year follow-up on some individuals. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent IL-2 administration plus cART may prevent evolution towards CXCR4 usage in individuals infected with R5 HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghezzi
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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Del Bo R, Ghezzi S, Scarpini E, Bresolin N, Comi G. Vascular endothelial growth factor gene variability is associated with increased risk for AD. J Neurol Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Del Bo R, Ghezzi S, Corti S, Pandolfo M, Ranieri M, Santoro D, Ghione I, Prelle A, Orsetti V, Mancuso M, Sorarù G, Briani C, Angelini C, Siciliano G, Bresolin N, Comi GP. TARDBP(TDP-43) sequence analysis in patients with familial and sporadic ALS: identification of two novel mutations. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:727-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Risé P, Ghezzi S, Manzoni C, Colombo C, Galli C. The in vitro effects of cigarette smoke on fatty acid metabolism are partially counteracted by simvastatin. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009; 80:71-5. [PMID: 19128950 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins enhance the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) from their precursors both in vitro and in vivo. In particular, an increased conversion of linoleic acid (LA) and of alpha-linolenic acid to their derivatives is observed in cultured cells. On the contrary, cigarette smoke (CS) negatively and dose-dependently affects the LC-PUFA production. AIM To evaluate the effects of CS alone or with simvastatin, on [1-(14)C] LA metabolism in THP-1 cells. RESULTS CS inhibits LA conversion; after co-incubation, simvastatin nullifies the effects of CS, maintaining LA conversion comparable to controls. However, at the highest CS concentration, simvastatin is unable to counteract the effects of CS. Changes of LA conversion reflect the modulation of desaturase activities by simvastatin and CS. CONCLUSION CS decreases PUFA conversion and its effects are modulated by the opposite effect of statins. It can be speculated that statin treatments in smoking patients may provide some beneficial effects on PUFA metabolism in addition to lowering cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Risé
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milano-via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Del Bo R, Moggio M, Rango M, Bonato S, D'Angelo MG, Ghezzi S, Airoldi G, Bassi MT, Guglieri M, Napoli L, Lamperti C, Corti S, Federico A, Bresolin N, Comi GP. Mutated mitofusin 2 presents with intrafamilial variability and brain mitochondrial dysfunction. Neurology 2008; 71:1959-66. [PMID: 18946002 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000327095.32005.a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The axonal forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT2) disease are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders. Mitofusin 2 gene (MFN2) mutations are the most common cause of CMT2. Complex phenotypes have been described in association with MFN2 gene mutations, including CMT2 with pyramidal features (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy [HSMN V]) and CMT2 with optic atrophy (HMSN VI). OBJECTIVE To report on the clinical, neurophysiologic, and neuropathologic features of an Italian family with a novel MFN2 gene mutation and investigate brain functional parameters using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS Three family members, a father and his two sons, were affected by peripheral neuropathy, cognitive impairment, and poor nocturnal vision (also optic neuropathy in one case). A member of this family also showed spastic paraparesis. The MFN2 gene sequence was analyzed. A sural nerve biopsy as well as brain (1)H-MRS and (31)P-MRS were evaluated in two patients. RESULTS Affected family members carried a novel MFN2 missense mutation, namely R104W, located within the critical GTPase domain of the protein which affects a highly conserved amino acid position. Sural nerve biopsies showed a normal mitochondrial network, particularly at the nodes of Ranvier, upon electron microscopy examination. A significant defect of high energy phosphates (HEPs) in the visual cortex was observed at rest by (31)P-MRS in the adult proband, while his son showed a defective recovery of HEPs after stimulation of the visual cortex. CONCLUSION Cognitive impairment may be another feature of the MFN2-related phenotype. The widespread peripheral and CNS involvement, as well as the neurosensorial defects, underline the similarities among MFN2-related and primary mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Del Bo
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli and Regina Elena, Milan, Italy
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Borroni B, Ghezzi S, Agosti C, Archetti S, Fenoglio C, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Di Luca M, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Padovani A, Del Bo R. Preliminary evidence that VEGF genetic variability confers susceptibility to frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Rejuvenation Res 2008; 11:773-80. [PMID: 18729809 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2008.0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) recognizes a strong genetic background, with 30-50% of cases with a positive family history. Despite several efforts to identify monogenic causes of the disease, no clear-cut genetic risk factors for sporadic FTLD are yet known. Recently, increasing evidence points to a pivotal role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the neurodegenerative process, suggesting functions not confined to its originally described vascular effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of VEGF as a genetic determinant to FTLD susceptibility. We evaluated a cohort of 274 unrelated Italian patients, including 161 subjects with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 56 with corticobasal degeneration syndrome, and 57 with progressive supranuclear palsy. Genotype and allele frequencies of four well-known polymorphisms located within the VEGF promoter (-2578C/A, -1190G/A, -1154G/A, and -634G/C) were calculated in patients and in 216 age-matched healthy subjects. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of several significant changes in terms of allele, genotype, and haplotype frequency distributions between patients and controls. Marked differences were observed when the FTD patient subgroup was compared with healthy subjects. Overall, these data provide evidence for the first time that VEGF gene variability represents a susceptibility factor for sporadic FTLD, at least in an Italian population. Future confirmatory studies are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Borroni
- Centre for Aging Brain and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
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Magri F, Bo RD, Fortunato F, Ghezzi S, Cagliani R, Sironi M, D’Angelo M, Crugnola V, Moggio M, Bresolin N, Comi G. G.P.7.05 Becker muscular dystrophy with a stop codon mutation in the 5′ of the dystrophin gene. Neuromuscul Disord 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.06.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Del Bo R, Ghezzi S, Corti S, Santoro D, Prelle A, Mancuso M, Siciliano G, Briani C, Murri L, Bresolin N, Comi GP. DPP6 gene variability confers increased risk of developing sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Italian patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79:1085. [PMID: 18708572 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.149146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Magri F, Guglieri M, D’Angelo M, Cagliani R, Del Bo R, Ghezzi S, Ronchi D, Prelle A, Lamperti C, Fortunato F, Morandi L, Mora M, Moggio M, Bresolin N, Comi G. G.P.8.04 Clinical and genetical variability in a large sample of LGMD Italian patients. Neuromuscul Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.06.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Corti S, Locatelli F, Papadimitriou D, Fortunato F, Del Bo R, Donadoni C, Nizzardo M, Nardini M, Salani S, Ghezzi S, Strazzer S, Bresolin N, Comi G. G.P.11.06 Fas siRNA mediated interference reduces motor neuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model. Neuromuscul Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.06.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Risé P, Eligini S, Ghezzi S, Colli S, Galli C. Fatty acid composition of plasma, blood cells and whole blood: relevance for the assessment of the fatty acid status in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2007; 76:363-9. [PMID: 17588731 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The composition and incorporation of fatty acids (FA) in plasma and blood cells is the result of distinct processes: intake, metabolism and peripheral utilization. AIM OF THE STUDY was to compare the FA profile in plasma, lipoproteins and blood cells with that in whole blood (WB) from healthy volunteers; to assess the quantitative distribution of selected FA in triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters and phospholipids. Lipid FA profiles are comparable in plasma and lipoproteins but differ from those in blood cells. In WB, the FA profile results from the balanced proportion of FA pools in plasma and cells. The contribution of each lipid class to the total amount of FA differs among blood specimens. Phospholipids of plasma and red blood cell are the major contributors to the FA amount and profile in WB. In conclusion, the FA profile of WB reflects the FA status and WB could be an adequate specimen for the assessment of FA intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Risé
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, E. Grossi Paoletti Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Del Bo R, Locatelli F, Corti S, Scarlato M, Ghezzi S, Prelle A, Fagiolari G, Moggio M, Carpo M, Bresolin N, Comi GP. Coexistence of CMT-2D and distal SMA-V phenotypes in an Italian family with a GARS gene mutation. Neurology 2006; 66:752-4. [PMID: 16534118 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000201275.18875.ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An Italian multigenerational family with four members affected by an axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2D (CMT-2D) or distal spinal muscular atrophy (dSMA) phenotype with upper limb predominance, variable age at onset, degree of disability, and autosomal dominant inheritance is reported. A novel heterozygous missense GARS gene mutation (D500N) was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Del Bo
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli and Regina Elena Foundation, Milan, Italy.
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Risé P, Camera M, Caruso D, Ghezzi S, Visioli F, Galli C. Synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is inhibited in vivo in hypercholesterolemic rabbits and in vitro by oxysterols. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2004; 71:79-86. [PMID: 15207522 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2003.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/12/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasma total lipids, total cholesterol (cholesterol esters and free cholesterol) and oxysterol (mainly 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol (7 beta OH)) concentrations were significantly elevated in New Zealand rabbits fed a 2% cholesterol-containing diet with respect to controls fed the same diet without cholesterol. In addition, linoleic (18:2 n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) plasma concentrations were significantly elevated in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, while concentrations of long-chain n-6 and n-3 derivatives were reduced. Studies in monocytic cell line THP-1 revealed that 7 beta OH markedly inhibited the conversion of 18:2 to 20:4 n-6 and of 18:3 to 22:6 n-3, indicating depression of the desaturation steps; in particular the inhibition was greater for the Delta 5 desaturation step. Furthermore, experiments of Real-Time PCR showed that 5-10 microM 7 beta OH decreased the Delta 5 gene expression. In conclusion, atherogenic oxysterols interfere with the production of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from their precursors both in hypercholesterolemic rabbits and in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Risé
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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22
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Pacciarini F, Ghezzi S, Pinna D, Cima S, Zoppetti G, Oreste P, Poli G, Vicenzi E. Sulfated K5 Escherichia coli polysaccharide derivatives inhibit human immunodeficiency type-1 (HIV-1) infection: candidate microbicides to prevent sexual HIV transmission. New Microbiol 2004; 27:5-9. [PMID: 15646059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The ideal microbicide must fulfill a number of criteria including a broad and potent activity against transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted agents in the absence of toxicity and inflammation. We have described that derivatives of K5 polysaccharide from Escherichia coli inhibit HIV entry in target cells. K5 derivatives have a structure that resembles that of heparin, but they are devoid of the anticoagulant activity typical of heparin. Moreover, in contrast to heparin, they inhibit a broad spectrum of HIV-1 laboratory-adapted and primary isolates that use either CCR5 or CXCR4 or both coreceptors in terms of their infection and replication in primary CD4+ lymphocytes and monocytes-derived macrophages (MDM). Therefore, these compounds could be developed as candidate microbicides for preventing sexual HIV transmission, a predominant modality of HIV spreading in both the developed and underdeveloped world.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pacciarini
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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23
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Risé P, Ghezzi S, Levati MG, Mirtini R, Colombo C, Galli C. Pharmacological modulation of fatty acid desaturation and of cholesterol biosynthesis in THP-1 cells. Lipids 2003; 38:841-6. [PMID: 14577663 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-003-1134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In THP-1 cells, simvastatin decreases, in a concentration-dependent manner, cholesterol synthesis and increases linoleic acid (LA) conversion to its long-chain derivatives, in particular to arachidonic acid, activating delta6 and delta5 fatty acid (FA) desaturases. The intermediates in cholesterol synthesis, mevalonate and geranylgeraniol, partially reverse the effects of simvastatin on the LA conversion. The aims of this work were to evaluate: (i) the correlation between cholesterol synthesis and desaturase activity and (ii) the possible involvement of protein isoprenylation in desaturase activity, assessed through pharmacological treatments. THP-1 cells were incubated with [1-14C]LA or with [1-14C]di-homo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHGLA) and treated with simvastatin or with curcumin and nicardipine, inhibitors of desaturases. Curcumin was more active than nicardipine in inhibiting LA and DHGLA conversion: 20 microM curcumin, alone or with simvastatin, totally inhibited delta6 and delta5 desaturation steps; 10 microM nicardipine only partially inhibited the enzymes, being more active on delta5 desaturase. Simvastatin treatment decreased the incorporation of acetate in cholesterol (-93.8%) and cholesterol esters (-70.2%), as expected. Curcumin and nicardipine also decreased cholesterol synthesis and potentiated simvastatin. Finally, the isoprenylation inhibitors (perillic acid and GGTI-286) neither affected the conversion of LA nor inhibited the delta5 desaturase activity. In conclusion, our results indicate that there is no direct relationship between cholesterol synthesis and desaturase activity. In fact, simvastatin decreased cholesterol synthesis and enhanced LA conversion (mainly delta5 desaturation), whereas curcumin and nicardipin decreased delta5 desaturation, with a limited effect on cholesterol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Risé
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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24
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Propato A, Schiaffella E, Vicenzi E, Francavilla V, Baloni L, Paroli M, Finocchi L, Tanigaki N, Ghezzi S, Ferrara R, Chesnut R, Livingston B, Sette A, Paganelli R, Aiuti F, Poli G, Barnaba V. Spreading of HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell repertoire in long-term nonprogressors and its role in the control of viral load and disease activity. Hum Immunol 2001; 62:561-76. [PMID: 11390031 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(01)00245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-term non-progressors (LTNP) represent a minority of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals characterized by stable or even increasing CD4+ T-cell count and by stronger immune responses against HIV than progressors. In this study, HIV-specific effector CD8+ T cells, as detected by both a sensitive ex vivo enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay and specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) peptide tetramers, were at a low frequency in the peripheral blood of LTNP, and recognized a lower number of HIV peptides than their memory resting cell counterparts. Both factors may account for the lack of complete HIV clearance by LTNP, who could control the viral spread, and displayed a higher magnitude of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses than progressors. By combining cell purification and ELISPOT assays this study demonstrates that both effector and memory resting cells were confined to a CD8+ population with memory CD45RO+ phenotype, with the former being CD28- and the latter CD28+. Longitudinal studies highlighted a relatively stable HIV-specific effector repertoire, viremia, and CD4+ T-cell counts, which were all correlated with maintenance of nonprogressor status. In conclusion, the analysis of HIV-specific cellular responses in these individuals may help define clear correlates of protective immunity in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Propato
- Foundazione Andrea Cesalpino, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
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25
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Tambussi G, Ghezzi S, Nozza S, Vallanti G, Magenta L, Guffanti M, Brambilla A, Vicenzi E, Carrera P, Racca S, Soldini L, Gianotti N, Murone M, Veglia F, Poli G, Lazzarin A. Efficacy of low-dose intermittent subcutaneous interleukin (IL)--2 in antiviral drug--experienced human immunodeficiency virus--infected persons with detectable virus load: a controlled study of 3 il-2 regimens with antiviral drug therapy. J Infect Dis 2001; 183:1476-84. [PMID: 11319683 DOI: 10.1086/320188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2000] [Revised: 02/16/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 3 regimens of intermittent subcutaneous (sc) interleukin (IL)--2 in a phase 2 study, 61 antiviral drug-experienced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)--positive patients were randomly assigned to one of the following study arms: antiretroviral therapy (ART) plus IL-2 (12 million IU [MIU] by continuous intravenous infusion, followed by 7.5 MIU twice a day, sc, every 8 weeks); ART plus IL-2 (7.5 MIU twice a day, sc, every 8 weeks); ART plus IL-2 (3 MIU twice a day, sc, every 4 weeks); or ART alone. A significant increase of circulating CD4 cells was observed in IL-2--treated subjects, compared with those given ART alone. Low doses of IL-2 were better tolerated. Despite the incomplete suppression of viral replication, IL-2 with ART did not increase either plasma viremia or cell-associated HIV DNA levels. Low doses of intermittent sc IL-2 induced a stable increase of peripheral CD4 cells that was indistinguishable from those associated with higher, less well-tolerated doses of IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tambussi
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20137, Milan, Italy.
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26
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Bovolenta C, Camorali L, Mauri M, Ghezzi S, Nozza S, Tambussi G, Lazzarin A, Poli G. Expression and activation of a C-terminal truncated isoform of STAT5 (STAT5 Delta) following interleukin 2 administration or AZT monotherapy in HIV-infected individuals. Clin Immunol 2001; 99:75-81. [PMID: 11286543 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2001.5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent administration of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) to individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been shown to raise and maintain the absolute number of circulating CD4(+) T cells to normal or near normal levels. One of the signaling pathways triggered by IL-2 is the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT). In particular, IL-2 activates the tyrosine kinases JAK1 and JAK3 and the transcription factors STAT3 and STAT5. We have previously observed that most HIV(+) individuals, unlike healthy seronegative controls, show a constitutive activation of STAT1 and a C-terminal truncated isoform of STAT5 (STAT5 Delta). In the present study, we have analyzed the protein level and activation state of STAT5 isoforms expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two HIV-infected individuals who showed a good or a poor response to intermittent IL-2 administration, respectively, and of a single individual before and after initiation of Zidovudine monotherapy. We provide evidence that both therapeutic interventions enhanced the expression and activation of the C-terminal truncated isoform of STAT5 (STAT5 Delta) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bovolenta
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, DIBIT, 20132 Milano, Italy
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27
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Ghezzi S, Menzo S, Brambilla A, Bordignon PP, Lorini AL, Clementi M, Poli G, Vicenzi E. Inhibition of R5X4 dualtropic HIV-1 primary isolates by single chemokine co-receptor ligands. Virology 2001; 280:253-61. [PMID: 11162839 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2000.0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of HIV-1 to chemokine-mediated inhibition may be lost as a consequence of the expanded usage of chemokine co-receptors frequently occurring in clade B isolates obtained from individuals with advanced disease. Since chemokine-based immune intervention is under intense investigation, it is crucial to determine its potential effect on primary dualtropic HIV isolates characterized by simultaneous utilization of CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokine co-receptors (R5X4 viruses). In the present study, the CCR5 binding chemokine regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) strongly inhibited the replication of two of eight primary R5X4 viruses in mitogen-activated primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 efficiently suppressed the replication of other two HIV isolates, whereas the remaining four viruses were partially inhibited by treatment with either RANTES or AMD3100. The potency of chemokine-mediated inhibition was influenced by PBMC donor variability, but it was usually independent from the levels of expression of CCR5 or CXCR4. Dual co-receptor usage was maintained by the viruses after two serial passages on U87.CD4 astrocytic cell lines expressing exclusively either CCR5 or CXCR4. The gp120 env variable domains were sequenced before and after passages on U87.CD4 cells. Virus replication into U87.CD4-CXCR4 cells did not result in changes in the V3 region but perturbed the dominant env V4 sequence. Interestingly, double passage onto U87.CD4-CXCR4 cells determined the loss of susceptibility to RANTES inhibition. In conclusion, interference with CCR5 may efficiently inhibit the replication of at least some dualtropic HIV-1 strains, whereas forced CXCR4 usage may result in viral escape from CCR5-dependent inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghezzi
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, DIBIT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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28
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Vicenzi E, Ghezzi S, Brambilla A, Sheppard HW, Lazzarin A, Poli G, Michael NL. CCR2-64I polymorphism, syncytium-inducing human immunodeficiency virus strains, and disease progression. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1579-80. [PMID: 11023492 DOI: 10.1086/315880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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29
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Vicenzi E, Alfano M, Ghezzi S, Gatti A, Veglia F, Lazzarin A, Sozzani S, Mantovani A, Poli G. Divergent regulation of HIV-1 replication in PBMC of infected individuals by CC chemokines: suppression by RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MCP-3, and enhancement by MCP-1. J Leukoc Biol 2000; 68:405-12. [PMID: 10985258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of different CC chemokines, including regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein-lalpha (MIP-1alpha), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and MCP-3 on virus replication in cultures established from CD8+ T cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HIV-infected individuals that were either cocultivated with allogeneic T cell blasts (ATCB) of uninfected individuals or directly stimulated by mitogen plus interleukin-2. RANTES was the only chemokine that showed a clear-cut suppressive effect on HIV replication in both culture systems, although inhibitory effects were frequently also observed with MIP-1alpha, MCP-3, and, occasionally, with MCP-1. In contrast, MCP-1 frequently enhanced HIV production in most patients' cultures or cocultures that were characterized by secreting relatively low levels (<20 ng/mL) of MCP-1. When CD8-depleted PBMC of HIV+ individuals were cocultivated with ATCB of uninfected healthy donors, a positive correlation was observed between MCP-1 concentrations and the enhancement of HIV-1 replication occurring after depletion of CD8+ cells from donors' cells. Depletion of CD14+ cells (monocytes) from ATCB resulted in the down-regulation of virus replication during co-cultivation with CD8-depleted PBMC of infected individuals. Of interest, MCP-1 up-regulated HIV production in these CD14-depleted ATCB cocultures. Altogether these observations suggest that MCP-1 may represent an important factor enhancing HIV spreading, particularly in anatomical sites, such as the brain, where infection of macrophages and microglial cells plays a dominant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vicenzi
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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30
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Brambilla A, Villa C, Rizzardi G, Veglia F, Ghezzi S, Lazzarin A, Cusini M, Muratori S, Santagostino E, Gringeri A, Louie LG, Sheppard HW, Poli G, Michael NL, Pantaleo G, Vicenzi E. Shorter survival of SDF1-3'A/3'A homozygotes linked to CD4+ T cell decrease in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:311-5. [PMID: 10882614 DOI: 10.1086/315650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2000] [Revised: 03/31/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The SDF-1 3'A allelic polymorphism has been reported to influence either positively or negatively the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease. Therefore, the SDF-1 genotype of 729 HIV-1-infected individuals pooled from 3 distinct cohorts was determined. A statistically nonsignificant association between the SDF1-3'A/3'A genotype and accelerated disease progression was evident among seroconverters (n=319), but a striking correlation of decreased survival after either diagnosis of AIDS according to the 1993 definition or loss of CD4(+) T cell counts <200 was observed. The relative hazards for SDF1-3'A/3'A homozygotes, compared with heterozygotes and wild-type homozygotes were 2.16 (P=.0047), for time from diagnosis according to the 1993 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AIDS case definition (AIDS-'93) to death, and 3.43 (P=.0001), for time from CD4(+) T cells <200 to death. Because no difference in survival was observed after diagnosis according to AIDS-'87, the association of the SDF1-3'A/3'A genotype with the accelerated progression of late-stage HIV-1 disease appears to be explained for the most part by the loss of CD4(+) T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brambilla
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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31
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Ghezzi S, Noonan DM, Aluigi MG, Vallanti G, Cota M, Benelli R, Morini M, Reeves JD, Vicenzi E, Poli G, Albini A. Inhibition of CXCR4-dependent HIV-1 infection by extracellular HIV-1 Tat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 270:992-6. [PMID: 10772939 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Certain chemokines inhibit HIV replication through binding to cell surface receptors which also act as viral coreceptors. Based on our previous observations that HIV-1 Tat can interact with alpha- and beta-chemokine receptors, we investigated the potential effect of extracellular Tat (ecTat) on infection and replication of CCR5-dependent (R5) and CXCR4-using (X4) HIV-1 strains in primary activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of uninfected donors. Receptor desensitization and binding competition studies were used to determine chemokine receptor binding by ecTat. Standard HIV replication assays based on reverse transcriptase (RT) activity determination in culture supernatants of PBMC and real time PCR for HIV-1 gag DNA were used to determine potential effects on early (entry or RT) steps of infection. ecTat bound to CXCR4 expressing monocytes and mitogen-activated PBMC, and competed with the natural ligand of CXCR4, SDF-1alpha (stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha) in calcium mobilization assays. EcTat inhibited replication of the X4 HIV-1 (LAI/IIIB strain) in activated PBMC at concentrations close to those of SDF-1alpha, whereas it only modestly interfered with R5 HIV-1 (BaL) replication in PBMC. Both SDF-1alpha and ecTat inhibited accumulation of X4 HIV-1 gag DNA, indicating interference with viral entry and/or RT. Our data show the surprising and counter-intuitive observation that ecTat selectively represses X4 HIV replication. This could favour spreading of R5 viruses, a condition observed in vivo immediately after transmission and in the early asymptomatic phase of infection.
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MESH Headings
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- Gene Products, tat/metabolism
- Gene Products, tat/pharmacology
- HIV Seronegativity
- HIV-1/drug effects
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/physiology
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Kinetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/virology
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Receptors, CXCR4/drug effects
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghezzi
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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32
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Bovolenta C, Camorali L, Lorini AL, Vallanti G, Ghezzi S, Tambussi G, Lazzarin A, Poli G. In vivo administration of recombinant IL-2 to individuals infected by HIV down-modulates the binding and expression of the transcription factors ying-yang-1 and leader binding protein-1/late simian virus 40 factor. J Immunol 1999; 163:6892-7. [PMID: 10586091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Leader binding protein-1 (LBP-1)/late SV40 factor (LSF) and ying yang-1 (YY1) transcription factors are involved in the regulation of HIV expression. In particular, YY1 and LBP-1 have been shown to cooperate in repressing HIV-1-long terminal repeat reporter gene expression by in vitro cotransfection experiments. However, no information is available on the levels of expression and activation of these transcription factors in PBMC of HIV-infected individuals. Therefore, we have evaluated the expression and DNA binding activity of YY1 and LBP-1 (LSF) in PBMC of HIV-infected individuals before, during, and after administration of IL-2 in association with antiretroviral therapy (ART), a regimen under consideration for broad clinical use in this disease based on its ability to stably raise the absolute number of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes. Both YY1- and LBP-1 (LSF)-DNA binding were profoundly down-modulated during administration of IL-2/ART, and a proteolytic activity probably responsible for the reduced expression of the two cellular transcription factors was found activated in PBMC of individuals receiving the immunotherapeutic regimen. This study is the first evidence of modulation of cellular transcription factors following IL-2/ART administration and provides a potential correlate of the transient raises in plasma viremia early reported in patients receiving IL-2 in the absence of ART, thus underscoring the importance of always administering this cytokine to HIV-infected individuals together with potent antiretrovirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bovolenta
- AIDS Immunophatogenesis Unit, DIBIT, Centro San Luigi, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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33
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Bovolenta C, Camorali L, Lorini AL, Ghezzi S, Vicenzi E, Lazzarin A, Poli G. Constitutive activation of STATs upon in vivo human immunodeficiency virus infection. Blood 1999; 94:4202-9. [PMID: 10590065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) either upregulates or downregulates the expression of several cytokines and interferons (IFNs) that use the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway for signal transduction. However, very little is known on the state of activation of the JAK/STAT pathway after HIV infection either in vivo or in vitro. In this regard, we report here that a constitutive activation of a C-terminal truncated STAT5 (STAT5triangle up) and of STAT1alpha occurs in the majority ( approximately 75%) of individuals with progressive HIV disease. We have further demonstrated that, among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), STAT5triangle up is activated preferentially in CD4(+) T cells. In contrast to a published report, expression of STATs from PBMCs of infected individuals was comparable with that of seronegative donors. In addition, in vitro infection of mitogen-activated PBMCs with a panel of laboratory-adapted and primary HIV strains characterized by differential usage of chemokine coreceptors did not affect STAT protein levels. However, enhanced activation of STAT was observed after in vitro infection of resting PBMCs and nonadherent PBMCs by different viral strains. Thus, constitutive STAT activation in CD4(+) T lymphocytes represents a novel finding of interest also as a potential new marker of immunological reconstitution of HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bovolenta
- AIDS Immunophatogenesis Unit, DIBIT, Division of Infectious Diseases, Centro San Luigi, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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34
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Mengozzi M, De Filippi C, Transidico P, Biswas P, Cota M, Ghezzi S, Vicenzi E, Mantovani A, Sozzani S, Poli G. Human immunodeficiency virus replication induces monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in human macrophages and U937 promonocytic cells. Blood 1999; 93:1851-7. [PMID: 10068657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently described a significant correlation between human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) RNA replication and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of individuals with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with HIV encephalitis (E). Because local macrophages (microglia) are the cells predominantly infected in the brain, we investigated whether in vitro HIV infection affects MCP-1 production in mononuclear phagocytes (MP). MCP-1 secretion and expression were consinstently upregulated over constitutive levels in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) infected with the M-tropic R5 BaL strain of HIV-1. HIV replication was required for this effect, as demonstrated by the absence of chemokine upregulation after infection in the presence of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythimidine (AZT) or cell-exposure to heat-inactivated (triangle up degrees ) virus. MCP-1 induction was not restricted to HIV-1 BaL, but was also observed during productive infection of MDM with two primary isolates differing for entry coreceptor usage and of U937 cells with the X4 HIV-1 MN strain. Based on the observation that exogenous HIV-1 Tat induced MCP-1 expression in astrocytes, we also investigated its role in MDM and U937 cells. Exogenous Tat induced MCP-1 production from MDM in a concentration-dependent manner, however, it was not effective on uninfected U937 cells or on the chronically infected U937-derived cell line U1. Transfection of Tat-expressing plasmids moderately activated HIV expression in U1 cells, but failed to induce MCP-1 expression in this cell line or in uninfected U937 cells. HIV replication-dependent expression of MCP-1 in MP may be of particular relevance for the pathogenesis of HIV infection in nonlymphoid organs such as the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mengozzi
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, DIBIT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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35
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36
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Sozzani S, Ghezzi S, Iannolo G, Luini W, Borsatti A, Polentarutti N, Sica A, Locati M, Mackay C, Wells TN, Biswas P, Vicenzi E, Poli G, Mantovani A. Interleukin 10 increases CCR5 expression and HIV infection in human monocytes. J Exp Med 1998; 187:439-44. [PMID: 9449724 PMCID: PMC2212126 DOI: 10.1084/jem.187.3.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 10 selectively upregulates the expression of the CC chemokine receptors CCR5, 2, and 1 in human monocytes by prolonging their mRNA half-life. IL-10-stimulated monocytes display an increased number of cell surface receptors for, and better chemotactic responsiveness to, relevant agonists than do control cells. In addition, IL-10-stimulated monocytes are more efficiently infected by HIV BaL. This effect was associated to the enhancement of viral entry through CCR5. These data add support to an emerging paradigm in which pro- and antiinflammatory molecules exert reciprocal and opposing influence on chemokine agonist production and receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sozzani
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', 20157 Milan, Italy
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Morawetz RA, Rizzardi GP, Glauser D, Rutschmann O, Hirschel B, Perrin L, Opravil M, Flepp M, von Overbeck J, Glauser MP, Ghezzi S, Vicenzi E, Poli G, Lazzarin A, Pantaleo G. Genetic polymorphism of CCR5 gene and HIV disease: the heterozygous (CCR5/delta ccr5) genotype is neither essential nor sufficient for protection against disease progression. Swiss HIV Cohort. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27:3223-7. [PMID: 9464809 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830271220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Homozygous (delta ccr5/delta ccr5) and heterozygous (CCR5/delta ccr5) deletions in the beta-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene, which encodes for the major co-receptor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1 entry, have been implicated in resistance to HIV infection and in protection against disease progression, respectively. The CCR5/delta ccr5 genotype was found more frequently in long-term nonprogressors (LTNP) (31.0%) than in progressors (10.6%, p < 0.0001), in agreement with previous studies. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed that a slower progression of disease, i.e. higher proportion of subjects with CD4+ T cell counts > 500/microl (p = 0.0006) and a trend toward a slower progression to AIDS (p = 0.077), was associated with the CCR5/delta ccr5 genotype. However, when LTNP were analyzed separately, no significant differences in CD4+ T cell counts (p = 0.12) and viremia levels (p = 0.65) were observed between the wild-type (69% of LTNP) and the heterozygous (31.0%) genotypes. Therefore, there are other factors which play a major role in determining the status of nonprogression in the majority of LTNP. Furthermore, there was no evidence that the CCR5/delta ccr5 genotype was associated with different rates of disease progression in the group of progressors. Taken together, these results indicate that the CCR5/delta ccr5 genotype is neither essential nor sufficient for protection against the progression of HIV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Morawetz
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Colombo L, Corti G, Magrì F, Marocchi A, Brambilla P, Crespi C, Manieri L, Ghezzi S, Giannone D, Merlino L, Mocarelli P. Results of a pilot study of endoscopic screening of first degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients in Italy. J Epidemiol Community Health 1997; 51:453-8. [PMID: 9328557 PMCID: PMC1060519 DOI: 10.1136/jech.51.4.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Screening recommendations for colorectal cancer include sigmoidoscopy in asymptomatic, average risk persons aged 50 and over and colonoscopy every three to five years in high risk groups. Little is known about the eligible population's compliance with endoscopic screening. This is the first Italian report of an endoscopic screening programme for colorectal cancer patients' relatives. DESIGN In 1986, a pilot project for colorectal cancer screening by endoscopy in high risk subjects was started in the Desio (Milan, Italy) public health service region. The results obtained after seven years are described. SETTING The names of 536 inhabitants with colorectal cancer diagnosed between January 1975 and December 1984 and their relatives' addresses were obtained from the Regione Lombardia Health System records and from the municipal registry offices respectively. PARTICIPANTS From October 1986 to October 1993, 778 first degree relatives aged 20-75 were offered colonoscopy. MAIN RESULTS After seven years, 233 (29.9%) had undergone endoscopic examination, mostly up to the splenic flexure. Being > 60 in age at the start of the programme negatively affected the participation (p < 0.05). Two cancers were detected and adenomatous polyps were found in another 24 of those screened (frequencies 0.9% and 10.3% respectively). Male gender (p < 0.05), increasing age in males (p < 0.01), and two or more affected relatives in females (p < 0.01) positively affected the frequency of polyps detection. CONCLUSION These results suggest that about 30% of the eligible population would comply at least with sigmoidoscopic screening. The collaboration of family doctors and more widespread public information about the ability to cure colorectal cancer are necessary for better compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Colombo
- University Department of Clinical Pathology, Hospital of Desio, Milan, Italy
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39
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Vicenzi E, Bagnarelli P, Santagostino E, Ghezzi S, Alfano M, Sinnone MS, Fabio G, Turchetto L, Moretti G, Lazzarin A, Mantovani A, Mannucci PM, Clementi M, Gringeri A, Poli G. Hemophilia and nonprogressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Haemophilia 1997; 3:232. [PMID: 27214820 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2516.1997.t01-3-00125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Ghezzi S, Vicenzi E, Soldini L, Tambussi G, Murone M, Lazzarin A, Poli G. Experiences in immune reconstitution. The rationale for interleukin-2 administration to HIV-infected individuals. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 1997; 11:74-8. [PMID: 9418168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the clinical earliest descriptions of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) it has been very clear that a profound state of immunologic dysfunction was the underlying cause of the emergence of life-threatening opportunistic infections and tumors. In addition to the progressive loss of CD4 "helper" T lymphocytes, a profound defect in interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was recognized as a major pathogenic component of the new disease. For these reasons, attempts to administer IL-2 to individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS, have been made since the mid eighties, however with little success. On the other hand, the propensity of HIV to replicate in activated lymphocytes and macrophages, under the influence of the cytokine network, has represented, and in part still does, a major hurdle for the rationale of administering IL-2 or other cytokines to HIV-infected individuals. Major steps forward towards an understanding of the role of multiple components of the immune system, coupled with a potentially successful protocol of IL-2 administration in vivo, resulting in the stable uprising of circulating CD4+ T cells, shed an optimistic light on the possibility to achieve a substantial immune reconstitution in HIV-infected individuals, thus preventing the onset of AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghezzi
- AIDS Immunopathogensis Unit, DIBIT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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41
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Vicenzi E, Bagnarelli P, Santagostino E, Ghezzi S, Alfano M, Sinnone MS, Fabio G, Turchetto L, Moretti G, Lazzarin A, Mantovani A, Mannucci PM, Clementi M, Gringeri A, Poli G. Hemophilia and nonprogressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Blood 1997; 89:191-200. [PMID: 8978292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven of 112 hemophiliacs infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) before 1986 through contaminated plasma products are currently healthy, with CD4 T-cell counts above 500 cells/microL, and have never received antiretroviral therapy (long-term nonprogressors [LTNPs]). Seven age and sex-matched hemophiliacs infected in the same period but who have progressive HIV disease (progressors) and one additional slow-progressing individual were also studied. One hundred-fold, 20-fold, and 10-fold lower levels of full-length HIV RNA in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and proviral DNA in PBMCs, respectively, were found in LTNPs compared with progressors. Plasma and cell-associated HIV RNA and proviral DNA were lower in LTNPs who tested negative for viral isolation from PBMCs or who were positive only after removal of CD8+ cells. No substantial differences were observed in the in vitro production of chemokines including RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, MCP-1, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in supernatants of activated PBMCs or CD8-depleted PBMCs of LTNPs, even when HIV isolation was simultaneously accomplished exclusively after removal of CD8+ cells. Low levels of HIV load and replication in peripheral blood are the strongest correlates of nonprogression in this small number of infected hemophiliacs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vicenzi
- DIBIT, Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Poli G, Vicenzi E, Ghezzi S, Lazzarin A. Cytokines in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other infectious diseases. Int J Clin Lab Res 1995; 25:128-34. [PMID: 8562974 DOI: 10.1007/bf02592553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of several infectious diseases is frequently related not only to their etiological agents of viral, bacterial, or parasitic nature, but also to the host immune response. Both inflammatory responses and specific immune responses to the invading microorganisms are controlled by complex networks of intercellular signalling molecules, namely cytokines. This rapidly growing family of mediators includes lymphokines, interleukins, and molecules such as tumor necrosis factors and interferons. Patterns of cytokine production from antigen- or allergen-specific T lymphocytic cell clones have been identified, firstly in animal models and subsequently in man, and are commonly referred to as TH0, TH1, and TH2 profiles. The predominance of one of these profiles strongly influences the type of immune response (humoral versus cellular) and, at least in some experimental models, whether the immune response is protective or harmful. This is most convincingly demonstrated in models of parasitic diseases, but has also been hypothesized to be involved in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Earlier studies on human immunodeficiency virus infection revealed that the replicative capacity of this retrovirus, like the herpes viruses, is strongly influenced by the cytokine milieu of infected cells. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of human immunodeficiency virus expression by human cytokines are examples of the complex interdigitation of viruses with the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Poli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific Institute, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Novati R, Castagna A, Morsica G, Vago L, Tambussi G, Ghezzi S, Gervasoni C, Bisson C, d'Arminio Monforte A, Lazzarin A. Polymerase chain reaction for Toxoplasma gondii DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patients with focal brain lesions. AIDS 1994; 8:1691-4. [PMID: 7888118 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199412000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the accuracy of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Toxoplasma gondii DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AIDS patients for the diagnosis of T. gondii encephalitis. PATIENTS Eighty-two AIDS patients with brain lesions. At autopsy, 19 patients (group A) had toxoplasmic encephalitis and 33 (group B) primary brain lymphoma or other infections. Brain histology was not available for 30 patients; cerebral lesions improved after anti-Toxoplasma therapy in 16 (group C), but there was no improvement in 14 patients (group D). METHODS T. gondii RH strain was serially diluted in microplate wells. After heat denaturation, nested PCR was performed on diluted tachyzoites and on 10 microliters CSF with primers flanking the B1 repetitive region of T. gondii genome. RESULTS DNA from one to five tachyzoites was detected in each experiment. PCR was positive in eight (42.1%) out of 19 group A samples, none of the group B samples, 10 (62.5%) out of 16 group C samples and none of the group D samples. Among group A and C patients, PCR was positive in all 11, and in seven out of 24 (29.1%; P < 0.04) patients who had received anti-Toxoplasma therapy for less or more than 1 week at the time of rachicentesis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Nested PCR for T. gondii in CSF may improve early differential diagnosis of AIDS-associated focal brain lesions. Higher diagnostic accuracy was achieved when lumbar puncture was performed in the first week of anti-Toxoplasma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Novati
- Infectious Diseases Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pace
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Technologie Biomediche, Università di Milano, Italy
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