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Crosson T, Roversi K, Balood M, Othman R, Ahmadi M, Wang JC, Seadi Pereira PJ, Tabatabaei M, Couture R, Eichwald T, Latini A, Prediger RD, Rangachari M, Seehus CR, Foster SL, Talbot S. Profiling of how nociceptor neurons detect danger - new and old foes. J Intern Med 2019; 286:268-289. [PMID: 31282104 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The host evolves redundant mechanisms to preserve physiological processing and homeostasis. These functions range from sensing internal and external threats, creating a memory of the insult and generating reflexes, which aim to resolve inflammation. Impairment in such functioning leads to chronic inflammatory diseases. By interacting through a common language of ligands and receptors, the immune and sensory nervous systems work in concert to accomplish such protective functions. Whilst this bidirectional communication helps to protect from danger, it can contribute to disease pathophysiology. Thus, the somatosensory nervous system is anatomically positioned within primary and secondary lymphoid tissues and mucosa to modulate immunity directly. Upstream of this interplay, neurons detect danger, which prompts the release of neuropeptides initiating (i) defensive reflexes (ranging from withdrawal response to coughing) and (ii) chemotaxis, adhesion and local infiltration of immune cells. The resulting outcome of such neuro-immune interplay is still ill-defined, but consensual findings start to emerge and support neuropeptides not only as blockers of TH 1-mediated immunity but also as drivers of TH 2 immune responses. However, the modalities detected by nociceptors revealed broader than mechanical pressure and temperature sensing and include signals as various as cytokines and pathogens to immunoglobulins and even microRNAs. Along these lines, we aggregated various dorsal root ganglion sensory neuron expression profiling datasets supporting such wide-ranging sensing capabilities to help identifying new danger detection modalities of these cells. Thus, revealing unexpected aspects of nociceptor neuron biology might prompt the identification of novel drivers of immunity, means to resolve inflammation and strategies to safeguard homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Crosson
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - K Roversi
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departamento de Farmacologia Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Balood
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - R Othman
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Ahmadi
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J-C Wang
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - M Tabatabaei
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R Couture
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - T Eichwald
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - A Latini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - R D Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Rangachari
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - C R Seehus
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S L Foster
- Depression Clinical Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Talbot
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Talbot S, McGrath B. Interventions to improve communication in mechanically ventilated patients: a review. Br J Anaesth 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
During the last year all major European Appliance Manufacturers have chosen the cyclopentane options as blowing agent for polyurethane insulation as the optimum solution for the phase-out of CFCs. The reason for this choice is due to several factors, including: zero-ODP, environmental acceptance, reasonable low initial thermal conductivity, appropriate boiling point and proven availability. These factors outweighed the disadvantage of cyclopentane flammability and the related safety problems. This paper presents the results of ICI Polyurethanes studies with cyclopentane foam in terms of: • processing and safety, including engineering advice for the modification of existing equipment, storage facilities and handling procedures • the VOC emission during handling and foaming process • the exothermicity of the reaction, overpack and pressure generation • the initial properties of the foam: thermal conductivity and thermal insulation efficiency on the cabinets, mechanical properties, dimensional stability, blowing efficiency and foam flowability • anticipation of long term performances, including diffusion and condensation phenomena, identification of accelerated method for the prediction of aged foam physical properties • the performances in domestic appliances in terms of the aging phenomena, the solubility of the cyclopentane in the PU foam and compatibility with plastic liners • the plasticizing effect on the PU matrix • the aspect related to the environmental impact This paper also addresses the further developments being carried out with leading appliance manufacturers towards the improvement of key requirements, such as thermal conductivity, foam morphology and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Bazzo
- ICI Italia S.pA., Via Mazzini, 58, Ternate VA, Italy
| | - A. Cappella
- ICI Italia S.pA., Via Mazzini, 58, Ternate VA, Italy
| | - S. Talbot
- ICI Polyurethanes, Everslaan, 45, B-3078 Everberg, Belgium
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Talbot S, Parrott H, Madge S, Gyi K, Jones A, Simmonds N. ePS02.5 Striving to improve the outpatient journey for adults with cystic fibrosis – a quality improvement project. J Cyst Fibros 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(16)30201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pereira P, Barroso G, Danesi G, Canavese F, Reddy V, Talbot S, Campos M, Lerner E. 492 Gastrin releasing peptide receptor and PI3K-gamma are partners in the transmission of itch. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Diaz-Siso JR, Fischer S, Sisk GC, Bueno E, Kueckelhaus M, Talbot S, Carty MJ, Treister NS, Marty F, Milford EL, Pomahac B, Tullius SG. Initial experience of dual maintenance immunosuppression with steroid withdrawal in vascular composite tissue allotransplantation. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1421-31. [PMID: 25777324 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Current immunosuppression in VCA is largely based on the experience in solid organ transplantation. It remains unclear if steroids can be reduced safely in VCA recipients. We report on five VCA recipients who were weaned off maintenance steroids after a median of 2 months (mean: 4.8 months, range 2-12 months). Patients were kept subsequently on a low dose, dual maintenance consisting of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenloic acid with a mean follow-up of 43.6 months (median = 40 months, range 34-64 months). Early and late acute rejections responded well to temporarily augmented maintenance, topical immunosuppression, and/or steroid bolus treatment. One late steroid-resistant acute rejection required treatment with thymoglobulin. All patients have been gradually weaned off steroids subsequent to the treatment of acute rejections. Low levels of tacrolimus (<5 ng/mL) appeared as a risk for acute rejections. Although further experience and a cautious approach are warranted, dual-steroid free maintenance immunosuppression appears feasible in a series of five VCA recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Diaz-Siso
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Peres A, Madge S, Talbot S, Dack K, Holder E, Bilton D, Simmonds N. 28 Developing a specialist nurse run adult sweat test clinic. J Cyst Fibros 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(14)60165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lacin T, Ready J, DaSilva MC, Talbot S, Bueno R, Sugarbaker DJ, Jaklitsch M. 342-I * BIOLOGICAL STERNAL RECONSTRUCTION WITH ILIAC WING BONE AUTOGRAFT AND BIOABSORBABLE PLATES. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt372.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Talbot S, Pryce S, Bilton D, Madge S. 316 Factors that increase depression in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(12)60484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Corte TJ, Wort SJ, Talbot S, Macdonald PM, Hansel DM, Polkey M, Renzoni E, Maher TM, Nicholson AG, Wells AU. Elevated nocturnal desaturation index predicts mortality in interstitial lung disease. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2012; 29:41-50. [PMID: 23311122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nocturnal desaturation may contribute to long-term pulmonary vascular stress in interstitial lung disease (ILD). We study the prevalence, severity and prognostic utility of nocturnal desaturation across ILD. METHODS ILD patients with overnight oximetry (June 2006-August 2008) were reviewed (n = 134). Significant nocturnal desaturation was considered as > 10% of sleep with SpO2 < 90%. Desaturation index (DI) was defined as the number of desaturation events > 4%/hr. Covariates, including indices of nocturnal desaturation, were evaluated against mortality. RESULTS Nocturnal desaturation was present in 49 (37%) patients. 31% of patients had pulmonary hypertension (PH) on echocardiography. Increased DI was associated with higher mortality independent of age, gender and BMI (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00, 1.06; p = 0.009). In separate models, DI and a) elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP; HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00, 1.08; p = 0.04); b) moderate-severe PH on echocardiography (HR 3.15; 95% CI 1.24, 8.00; p = 0.02); and c) daytime resting SpO2 (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.85, 0.99; p = 0.04) independently predicted mortality following adjustment for age, gender and BMI. CONCLUSION Nocturnal desaturation is common and may be severe in ILD. Elevated nocturnal DI predicts higher mortality across ILD, independent of other vascular parameters. This finding may have important implications for the pathogenesis of PH in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Corte
- Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
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Lloyd-Hughes R, Talbot S, Jumaa P. Bedside Bibles, notes trolleys and other forgotten sites for cleaning. J Hosp Infect 2008; 69:200-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abdouh M, Talbot S, Couture R, Hasséssian HM. Retinal plasma extravasation in streptozotocin-diabetic rats mediated by kinin B(1) and B(2) receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:136-43. [PMID: 18311190 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated whether or not kinin receptors play a role in diabetic blood-retinal barrier breakdown, which is a leading cause of vision loss. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Blood-retinal barrier breakdown was quantified using Evans blue, and expression of kinin B(1) receptor mRNA was measured using quantitative reverse transcrition-PCR. Diabetic rats (streptozotocin (STZ), 65 mg kg(-1)) received a single intraocular injection of bradykinin (BK) or des-Arg(9)-BK, alone, or in combination with antagonists for B(1) (des-Arg(10)-Hoe140, R-715) and/or B(2) (Hoe140) receptors, given intraocularly or intravenously (i.v.). KEY RESULTS In control rats, BK (0.1-10 nmol) dose-dependently increased plasma extravasation, which was inhibited by Hoe140 (0.2 nmol), whereas des-Arg(9)-BK (0.1 and 1 nmol) was without effect. B(1) receptor mRNA was markedly increased in retinas of diabetic rats, and this was prevented by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (1 g kg(-1) day(-1) for 7 days). Plasma extravasation in retinas of STZ-diabetic rats was higher than in controls and enhanced by des-Arg(9)-BK. Response to des-Arg(9)-BK was inhibited by intraocular or i.v. injection of B(1) receptor antagonists. Diabetes-induced plasma extravasation was inhibited only by a combination of des-Arg(10)-Hoe140 and Hoe 140 (100 nmol kg(-1), i.v. 15 min earlier) or by R-715 (1 micromol kg(-1), i.v.) injected daily for 7 days. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Kinin B(1) receptors are upregulated in retinas of STZ-diabetic rats through a mechanism involving oxidative stress. Both kinin B(1) and B(2) receptors contribute to increased plasma extravasation in diabetic retinopathy. Chronic inhibition of both kinin receptors, possibly with antioxidant adjuvants, may be a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdouh
- Guy-Bernier Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
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Dias J, Talbot S, Pilon M, Sénécal J, de Champlain J, Couture R. Kinin B1 Receptor as a Therapeutic Target in the Treatment of Diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(08)24252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Taub RN, Hesdorffer ME, Keohan ML, Chabot JA, Fountain KS, Talbot S, Gabay M, Lee S. Combined resection, intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and whole abdominal radiation for malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.7175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Gabay
- Columbia Univ Coll, New York, NY
| | - S. Lee
- Columbia Univ Coll, New York, NY
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Hesdorffer ME, Keohan ML, Chabot JA, Talbot S, Fountain KS, Gabay M, Lee S, Taub RN. Combined resection, intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and whole abdominal radiation for malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.7305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Gabay
- Columbia Univ Coll, New York, NY
| | - S. Lee
- Columbia Univ Coll, New York, NY
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Wickstrom E, Choob M, Urtishak KA, Tian X, Sternheim N, Talbot S, Archdeacon J, Efimov VA, Farber SA. Sequence specificity of alternating hydroyprolyl/phosphono peptide nucleic acids against zebrafish embryo mRNAs. J Drug Target 2005; 12:363-72. [PMID: 15545086 DOI: 10.1080/10611860412331285242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Morpholino phosphorodiamidate (MO) DNA mimics display excellent water solubility and hybridization properties toward DNA and RNA, and have been utilized in the model vertebrate zebrafish (Danio rerio) for genome-wide, sequence-based, reverse genetic screens during embryonic development. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) exhibit excellent mismatch discrimination, nuclease resistance, and protease resistance, but low solubility. Negatively charged DNA mimics composed of alternating residues of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline peptide nucleic acid monomers and phosphono peptide nucleic acid monomers (HypNA-pPNA) combine all of the positive features of both MOs and PNAs. Thus, we evaluated PNA oligomers and HypNA-pPNA oligomers as an alternative to MOs for oligonucleotide inhibition of gene expression in zebrafish embryos. We observed that HypNA-pPNA 18-mers displayed comparable potency to MO 25-mers as knockdown agents against chordin, notail and uroD, with greater mismatch stringency. Furthermore, we observed that a specific HypNA-pPNA 18-mer elicited the dharma (bozozok)(-/-) phenotype in zebrafish embryos, which MO 25-mers do not. These observations validate HypNA-pPNAs as an alternative to MO oligomers for reverse genetic studies. The stronger hybridization and greater specificity of HypNA-pPNAs enable knockdown of mRNAs unaffected by MO oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wickstrom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Talbot S. Streets ahead. Interview by Alison Moore. Nurs Stand 1999; 13:14-5. [PMID: 10661181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Kellam P, Bourboulia D, Dupin N, Shotton C, Fisher C, Talbot S, Boshoff C, Weiss RA. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies raised against the latent nuclear antigen of human herpesvirus 8. J Virol 1999; 73:5149-55. [PMID: 10233979 PMCID: PMC112561 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.6.5149-5155.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; also designated Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) is the likely etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). HHV-8 encodes a latent nuclear antigen (LNA) which is the product of the viral gene orf 73. LNA is recognized by most infected patient sera and is the basis of current immunofluorescence assays used in epidemiological studies of HHV-8 infection. Here we describe the characterization of four monoclonal antibodies raised to the C-terminal third of LNA-glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins. These monoclonal antibodies recognized discrete linear epitopes within the C terminus and repetitive region of LNA, detected antigen in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells, and precipitated a 220- to 230-kDa protein doublet corresponding to LNA from HHV-8-infected PEL cell lines. In situ immunocytochemistry of KS lesions with these antibodies show that LNA is extensively expressed in KS spindle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kellam
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs which are strongly attracted to the bone where they influence the calcium metabolism, mainly by inhibition of the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. This property makes these compounds suited for the treatment of several diseases of the bone. In Paget's disease, several bisphosphonates can reduce bone pain and decrease the bone turnover 60-70%. Cyclical oral etidronate and daily oral alendronate both proved to reduce the vertebral fracture rate for postmenopausal osteoporotic woman, while most investigated bisphosphonates can increase spinal bone mass in osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates can help lowering serum calcium and reverse skeletal complications in malignancy mediated bone diseases. Oral and intravenous administration of therapeutic doses is relatively safe. In general, gastrointestinal disturbances are described most often and the oldest, least potent, bisphosphonate etidronate can induce osteomalacia. The various characteristics of bisphosphonates: physicochemical, biological, therapeutic and toxicological, vary greatly depending on the structure of the individual bisphosphonate. Even small changes in the structure can lead to enormous differences in potency. Overall, this class of drugs offers several prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Sparidans
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus or human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) is present in all forms of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) as well as in primary effusion lymphomas and some cases of Castleman's disease. In KS tissues, HHV-8 is present in endothelial and spindle cells. Current serologic tests suggest that HHV-8 is predominantly found in those at risk of KS and is not as widespread as most other human herpesviruses. HHV-8 encodes various proteins that may play a role in promotion of cellular growth, including cyclin- and G-coupled protein receptor homologues, and anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, IL-6 (i.e., interleukin 6), and FLIP (i.e., FLICE inhibitory protein) homologues. In addition, HHV-8 encodes two macrophage inflammatory-like proteins with anti-human immunodeficiency virus and angiogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Weiss
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, U.K
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Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are common consequences of HIV infection. These tumours appear to be precipitated by herpesviruses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is implicated as a cause of up to 50% of systemic NHLs and up to 100% of central nervous system lymphomas in patients with AIDS. KS may be a consequence of the newly identified gamma-herpesvirus KSHV (KS-associated herpesvirus or HHV-8). This herpesvirus is found in all KS biopsies from different epidemiologic forms of this disease. KSHV is also implicated in the pathogenesis of a rare form of B cell lymphoma called body-cavity based lymphoma or primary effusion lymphoma (PEL).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boshoff
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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McKnight A, Wilkinson D, Simmons G, Talbot S, Picard L, Ahuja M, Marsh M, Hoxie JA, Clapham PR. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus fusion by a monoclonal antibody to a coreceptor (CXCR4) is both cell type and virus strain dependent. J Virol 1997; 71:1692-6. [PMID: 8995702 PMCID: PMC191233 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.2.1692-1696.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 (also termed fusin, LESTR, or HUMSTR) is a member of the G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor family with seven membrane-spanning domains. CXCR4 acts as a coreceptor for syncytium-inducing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains, conferring entry into CD4+ cells. We show here that a novel mouse monoclonal antibody (12G5) that recognizes CXCR4 blocked cell-to-cell fusion and cell free-virus infection of CXCR4+ CD4+ RD rhabdomyosarcoma cells by seven HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains that had various cell tropisms for different CD4+ human cell types. Yet the majority of the members of the same virus panel resisted 12G5 inhibition on T-cell lines. When inhibition was observed on these cell types, it was both cell type and virus strain dependent. In at least one situation, 12G5 failed to block LAI infection of cells expressing CXCR4 as the only available coreceptor. Our observations suggest that CXCR4 could be processed or presented differently depending on the cell type, allowing some strains to evade 12G5 inhibition. Alternatively, since several of the viruses could infect certain CXCR4- CD4+ cell lines, it is conceivable that alternative coreceptors are active, enabling individual HIV strains to choose between compatible coreceptors during entry into cells. Moreover, the strain dependency of 12G5 inhibition implies that the interaction of different HIVs with CXCR4 varies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A McKnight
- Virology Laboratory, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Boshoff C, Talbot S, Kennedy M, O'Leary J, Schulz T, Chang Y. HHV8 and skin cancers in immunosuppressed patients. Lancet 1996; 348:138. [PMID: 8709679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Kallis P, Tooze JA, Talbot S, Cowans D, Bevan DH, Treasure T. Aprotinin inhibits fibrinolysis, improves platelet adhesion and reduces blood loss. Results of a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1994; 8:315-22; discussion 22-3. [PMID: 7522018 DOI: 10.1016/s1010-7940(05)80092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present recommendation is that aprotinin should be started before cardiac surgery, but as bleeding is only a problem in a minority, most patients are treated unnecessarily. In a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial we have studied the use of aprotinin, given only to the minority of patients who bled significantly post-operatively and who had not received prophylactic aprotinin. Sixty patients, who bled in excess of 400 ml in the first 3 h post-operatively were randomised to receive either aprotinin (2 x 10(6) KIU loading dose followed by an infusion of 0.5 x 10(6) KIU/h for 4 h) or placebo, in addition to conventional treatment. The demographic characteristics and the surgical procedures performed were similar in the two groups. Haematological variables were measured (A) before and (B) at the end of the infusion. Three patients were re-explored for excessive bleeding in each group and one patient died in each group. The patients in the aprotinin group bled significantly less and had higher haemoglobin levels on discharge than the patients in the placebo group. The tissue plasminogen activator antigen decreased and the fibrinogen level increased in the aprotinin group. In addition, aprotinin increased the number of surface GPIb platelet receptors as estimated by flow cytometry (36% versus 5%, P < 0.01) and maintained the platelet von Willebrand Factor activity (vWF). There was no significant difference in D-dimers, fibrin(ogen) degradation products, plasma vWF activity and antigen, platelet vWF antigen, platelet aggregation (to collagen, arachidonic acid, platelet activating factor and ristocetin), platelet count or transfusion of blood products between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kallis
- Harefield Hospital, Middlesex, UK
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27
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Kallis P, Tooze JA, Talbot S, Cowans D, Bevan DH, Treasure T. Pre-operative aspirin decreases platelet aggregation and increases post-operative blood loss--a prospective, randomised, placebo controlled, double-blind clinical trial in 100 patients with chronic stable angina. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1994; 8:404-9. [PMID: 7986557 DOI: 10.1016/1010-7940(94)90081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin has an established benefit in reducing the incidence of coronary events and vein graft occlusion. We have now assessed the risk of pre-operative aspirin in a prospective, randomised, double-blind clinical trial in 100 patients scheduled for elective coronary artery surgery. Any prescribed aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were discontinued 2 weeks pre-operatively and these were replaced by a randomly assigned tablet of either aspirin 300 mg daily or placebo taken until the day of surgery. Patient compliance was confirmed by serum and urinary salicylate analysis. The two groups were similar in demographic characteristics, bypass time, number of grafts placed and number of internal mammary arteries used. All patients survived to be discharged home (see Table). Aspirin decreases platelet aggregation to arachidonic acid and to collagen both pre- and post-operatively. The benefit of pre-operative aspirin has to be balanced against the risk of increasing post-operative blood loss, re-exploration for excessive bleeding and transfusion requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kallis
- Harefield Hospital, Middlesex, UK
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28
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Abstract
RNase P is an essential enzyme that is required for the biosynthesis of tRNA. It is composed of RNA and protein subunits. The RNA subunit of the enzyme derived from eubacterial sources can carry out the catalytic function by itself in vitro. Current studies of RNase P focus on structure-function relationships with respect to interactions of the RNA subunit with its substrates and with respect to the determination of the kinetic parameters of the reaction, the role of the protein component, and the rules governing recognition of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Altman
- Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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29
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Elliott CG, Suchyta M, Rose SC, Talbot S, Ford C, Raskob G, Hull R, Davidson B. Duplex ultrasonography for the detection of deep vein thrombi after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Angiology 1993; 44:26-33. [PMID: 8424582 DOI: 10.1177/000331979304400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The usefulness of real-time duplex ultrasonography (DU) as a screening test for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in high-risk patients remains uncertain. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of DU for the detection of DVT, the authors prospectively studied 178 consecutive patients after total hip (n = 113) or total knee (n = 66) arthroplasty. The deep veins from the inguinal ligament to the ankle were examined first by continuous wave and then by pulsed Doppler signals as needed with real-time gray-scale ultrasound imaging using the criteria of vein noncompressibility to define DVT. Ascending contrast venography was performed within twelve hours after DU studies. Venograms and DU were interpreted independently. DU was attempted on 177 lower extremities (2 patients refused) but was judged adequate for interpretation for only 145 (82%). Venography could not be performed for 28 lower extremities and was technically inadequate for 8 studies. The primary analysis included 119 examinations for which adequate DU and ascending venograms were interpreted. DU was positive in 17 of 27 lower extremities with DVT (23 calf, 4 proximal) diagnosed by venography (sensitivity = .63; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .42 to .81), and DU was negative in 85 of 92 lower extremities with normal venograms (specificity = .92; 95% CI = .85 to .97). A secondary analysis of 81 prospectively collected anatomically complete DU studies demonstrated a sensitivity of .80 (95% CI = .56 to .94) and a specificity of .90 (95% CI = .80 to .96).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Elliott
- Department of Medicine, LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah
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30
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Harris M, Talbot S, Patsilinacos P, Neil JC. The HIV-1 nef gene product. Biochem Soc Trans 1992; 20:517-20. [PMID: 1397652 DOI: 10.1042/bst0200517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Harris
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow, U.K
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31
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Abstract
Noonan's syndrome is characterised by a dysmorphic facies, congenital heart disease, and short stature, and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Because abnormal bleeding has also been reported, we investigated a group of patients for coagulation-factor deficits. Of the 72 individuals studied (37 male, 35 female, mean age 11.4 years), 47 (65%) had a history of abnormal bruising or bleeding. 29 patients (40%) had a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. Specific abnormalities in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation (partial factor XI:C, XII:C, and VIII:C deficiencies) were found in 36 patients (50%). Multiple abnormalities among these 36 patients included combined factor XI:C and XII:C deficiencies (4 patients) and factor XI:C and VIII:C deficiencies (4), and 1 patient had combined factor VIII:C, XI:C, and XII:C deficiency. There was poor correlation between a history of abnormal bleeding and coagulation-factor deficit. In five families, similar coagulation-factor deficiencies were present in first-degree relatives with the syndrome. The pattern of inherited bleeding abnormalities seen in Noonan's syndrome suggests autosomal regulation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sharland
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
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32
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Abstract
Marbling score was assessed in 20 437 Canadian beef carcasses on a 10-point scale (1 = very abundant, 10 = devoid) in six provinces during the period August to November 1989. Heifer carcasses had a lower marbling score (more marbling fat) than steer carcasses, and both had lower marbling scores (more marbling fat) than bull carcasses. Marbling increased as Canada grade changed from B1 to A1 and from A1 through to A4, indicating that marbling fat increased with carcass fatness. The regression of marbling score on carcass weight and carcass 12th rib fat thickness, although significant, showed that these traits only accounted for 0.5 and 6%, respectively, of the overall variation in marbling score. The overall distribution of marbling scores showed that 20.6% of carcasses had small or more marbling, 57.9% had slight marbling, 20.4% had traces of marbling and 1.1% were devoid of marbling. Key words: Beef, carcass, marbling, survey
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33
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Lang JC, Wilkie NM, Clark AM, Chudleigh A, Talbot S, Whitelaw B, Frame MC. Regulatory domains within the P0 promoter of human c-myc. Oncogene 1991; 6:2067-75. [PMID: 1945411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Expression of P0 RNA in some Burkitt lymphoma cell lines varies independently of levels of RNA derived from P1 and P2. These data suggest the possibility that expression of P0 RNA may be capable of independent regulation. In order to investigate this possibility we have isolated putative regulatory domains flanking P0 RNA starts within the human c-myc gene and analysed both their ability to direct expression of control reporter genes and their ability to interact with specific transcription factors. Regulatory regions necessary for expression of P0 RNA have been located within 131 bp 5' of the first major P0 RNA start. DNAase 1 footprint analysis and gel retardation assays demonstrate binding of transcription factors Sp1, NF1 and CBP to this region. NF1 binds specifically to two consensus sequences. The more distal site overlaps with the binding site for CBP, and it is likely that concomitant binding of NF1 and CBP within the distal region of the P0 promoter is not possible. Previous work from our laboratory has described a negative regulatory domain within the 5' flanking region of c-myc. The P0 promoter resides within this domain and therefore may contain a negative regulator of c-myc gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lang
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
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34
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Talbot S. Setting priorities in the NHS. West J Med 1991. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.303.6795.189-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
We present two instructive cases of imidazoline poisoning in young children. Imidazoline decongestants, readily available in numerous non-prescription preparations, can rapidly produce toxicity from oral ingestion and topical application. Signs and symptoms depend on whether peripheral or central alpha 2-adrenergic receptor stimulation predominates. Timely diagnosis depends on a high index of suspicion and careful questioning about the availability of these over-the-counter products. Standard toxicologic management will prevent significant morbidity. No specific antidote exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Higgins
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland 04102
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36
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Ridley PD, Ledingham SJ, Lennox SC, Burman JF, Chung HI, Sheffield EA, Talbot S, Bevan D. Protein C deficiency associated with massive cerebral thrombosis following open heart surgery. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1990; 31:249-51. [PMID: 2341485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of massive cerebral venous thrombosis following open heart surgery in a patient with a reduced level of Protein C (40% of mean level). Protein C deficiency is an inherited disorder which in the homozygous form may result in massive fatal venous thrombosis in the newborn. A Protein C level below 55% is highly suggestive of heterozygous deficiency and has been associated with a tendency to venous thrombosis although its clinical penetrance is variable. This is the first reported case of massive venous thrombosis in a patient following open heart surgery associated with Protein C deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Ridley
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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37
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Mortensen JD, Talbot S, Burkart JA. Cross-sectional internal diameters of human cervical and femoral blood vessels: relationship to subject's sex, age, body size. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1990; 226:115-24. [PMID: 2297079 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092260114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional internal diameter measurements were made of right and left common carotid and right femoral arteries and right and left internal jugular, superficial femoral, and common femoral veins in 32 normal human subjects utilizing duplex ultrasonography. The relationships of these vessel sizes to the subject's sex, age, height, weight, and body surface area were analyzed statistically; and graphs were constructed, indicating the relationship of blood vessel diameters to the various body size parameters. Findings indicate that 1) for the femoral veins, body surface area had the best correlation with the internal diameter of the vein; 2) for the right internal jugular vein, body weight had the best correlation with the internal diameter of the vein; 3) correlation between vein diameter and body size of the subject is better for the femoral veins than for the internal jugular veins; 4) internal diameter of the femoral and internal jugular veins increases about 20% when they are distended by 15 degrees of positional inclination of the subject's body; 5) neither age nor sex of the subject influences the positional distensibility of the veins examined; 6) the cross-sectional internal diameter of the femoral and internal jugular veins, as determined by duplex ultrasonography, closely relates to the external diameter of these vessels as measured by direct in vivo application of calipers and to the maximum outside diameter of cannula the vessel will accept.
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38
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Grundy C, Chitolie A, Talbot S, Bevan D, Kakkar V, Cooper DN. Protein C London 1: recurrent mutation at Arg 169 (CGG----TGG) in the protein C gene causing thrombosis. Nucleic Acids Res 1989; 17:10513. [PMID: 2602169 PMCID: PMC335338 DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.24.10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Grundy
- Molecular Genetics Section, King's College Hospital Medical School, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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39
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Abstract
We report on a patient with ureterosigmoid anastomosis, who presented with recurrent episodes of confusion, agitation and aggressive behaviour, culminating in coma. Investigations revealed profound hyperammonaemia, which responded to treatment with sodium benzoate and sodium phenylacetate. No definite cause was found for the abnormality, apart from possible urinary tract infection. The patient remains well on a protein restricted diet with mildly elevated levels of plasma ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Oliver
- Department of Renal Medicine, University of Southampton, St Mary's Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
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40
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Manning R, Courtney S, Talbot S. Temporal changes in plasma and liver lipids and in the hepatic activities of acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase after oestrogen treatment of the male chicken (Gallus domesticus). Int J Biochem 1989; 21:517-23. [PMID: 2569415 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(89)90131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1. Male chickens (Gallus domesticus) were treated with a single intramuscular injection of oestradiol-17 beta, then changes in the liver and plasma levels of triacylglycerol, phospholipid, nonesterified fatty acids and in the hepatic activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase were measured at various times after injection. 2. The results suggest that the initial phase (less than 20 hr) of oestrogen-induced hyperlipidaemia occurs in the absence of changes in the hepatic activities of the major enzymes of fatty acid biosynthesis, but a subsequent increase in these enzyme activities may contribute to the later phase (greater than 20 hr) of oestrogen-induced lipogenesis in avian liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Manning
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Durham, England
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41
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Lang JC, Whitelaw B, Talbot S, Wilkie NM. Transcriptional regulation of the human c-myc gene. Br J Cancer Suppl 1988; 9:62-6. [PMID: 3076067 PMCID: PMC2149121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of c-myc in the genesis of animal neoplasia is now well documented for several systems. In order to define the precise role played by the myc gene in tumorigenesis, a better understanding of the normal regulation of myc expression is necessary. We have begun a study of the cis-acting regulatory sequences within the 5' flanking domain of the human c-myc gene. Regions important for myc promoter function have been identified by linkage to the coding sequences of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene. Promoter deletion studies and in vivo competition assays for c-myc/cat recombinant plasmids have allowed the identification of a proximal 'core' promoter region capable of directing high levels of CAT activity. Further upstream a negative regulatory element (NRE2) has been identified which is capable of repressing cat gene expression and which functions by interaction with a transacting factor(s). Preliminary data suggests detection of NRE2 is dependent on both the type and amount of carrier DNA used in transient CAT assays. Initial experiments further indicate the involvement of at least two other distal regulatory domains, a negative regulatory domain (NRE1) and a putative enhancer-type region (E). In vitro footprint analysis has allowed the identification of DNA binding proteins which interact with NRE2 and the 'core' promoter. NRE2 contains binding sites for transcription factors Sp1 and CTF. The 'core' promoter domain appears to be highly complex and possesses several Sp1 binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lang
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
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42
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lang
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
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44
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Courtney S, Talbot S, Manning R. Early effects of oestrogen treatment on lipogenesis de novo and on biosynthesis of triacylglycerol from fatty acids in male chick liver. Int J Biochem 1988; 20:73-8. [PMID: 3342925 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(88)90013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
1. Early changes (0-44 hr) in liver and plasma lipid levels and in the rate of hepatic lipogenesis were measured in male chicks after a single intramuscular injection of oestradiol-17 beta. 2. Chick liver slices were employed to measure the rate of lipogenesis de novo using 3H2O and the rate of triacylglycerol synthesis from [9, 10-3H] palmitate at various times after injection. 3. The results suggest that oestrogen-induced lipogenesis occurs initially by a rapid and coordinated stimulation of the total hepatic capacity for lipogenesis de novo and for triacyglycerol synthesis from fatty acids. 4. The results are discussed in relation to oestrogen-induced changes in hepatic lipogenic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Courtney
- Department of Zoology, University of Durham, U.K
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45
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Godin G, Talbot S, Desharnais R. [Promoting health and the habit of physical activity]. Union Med Can 1985; 114:338-41. [PMID: 4012906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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46
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Abstract
This article is highlighted by the finding of striking cervical lymphadenopathy in a patient with acquired hyper-IgM syndrome and the pathologic description of the involved nodes. Routine hematoxylin-eosin stains demonstrated the presence of idiopathic necrotizing granulomas in the nodal tissue, a finding not previously reported in this syndrome. Immunoperoxidase techniques were used to further characterize these granulomas and delineate the cellular composition of the nodal architecture. We found that the necrotizing granulomas consisted of a peripheral rim of Ia positive palisaded, epithelioid histiocytes and central areas of debris and scattered inflammatory cells that were T11 positive. In the uninvolved areas of the node, we observed a lack of IgG-bearing lymphocytes in germinal centers as well as an absence of IgG-containing and decreased IgA-containing plasma cells in interfollicular areas. In conjunction with these in situ observations, there was a lack of IgA and IgG immunoglobulin-secreting cell responses in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures of the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Unique features of this article include: (1) the association of necrotizing granulomas with the hyper-IgM syndrome and (2) the use of monoclonal antibodies to characterize the distributions of nodal lymphocytes in a patient with this disorder.
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47
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Abstract
The Type A behavior pattern has been identified as an important precursor of coronary atherosclerosis. However, atherosclerosis is a disease process that occurs throughout the arterial system. The present research examined the hypothesis that the Type A pattern may also be related to disease in other arteries such as the carotid arteries. Men (n = 21) and women (n = 23) from 40 to 65 years of age were examined for carotid artery atherosclerosis using doppler ultrasonography. Subjects also completed the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) to measure the Type A pattern. The results indicated that the diseased individuals were more likely to be classified as Type A (71%) than as Type B (29%), Z = 2.08, p less than 0.05. The nondiseased individuals were not more likely to be Type A (53%) than Type B (47%). The results are consistent with the hypothesis that atherosclerosis in Type A individuals is not limited to the coronary arteries but the disease is likely to occur throughout the arterial system.
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48
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Lee HA, Talbot S, Patil R, Jackson JM, Holland D. Metabolic studies with 'Nutrauxil', an enteral feed preparation. Curr Med Res Opin 1983; 8:536-42. [PMID: 6418440 DOI: 10.1185/03007998309109794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A metabolic study was carried out in 6 patients requiring enteral feeding to investigate the effectiveness and tolerance of 'Nutrauxil', a ready-made liquid nutritional preparation, over a period of 8 days. The results of anthropometric and laboratory measurements, made initially and at the end of two 4-day periods, showed that the basic provision of 2000 kcal and 60 g protein per day with 'Nutrauxil' maintained patients in metabolic, electrolyte and nitrogen balance. No adverse effects were noted and the preparation was easy to administer. It was concluded that 'Nutrauxil' compared favourably with other enteral feed preparations with respect to its nutritional effectiveness on clinical, biochemical and economic grounds.
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49
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50
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Foster KJ, Alberti KG, Binder C, Holdstock G, Karran SJ, Smith CL, Talbot S, Turnell DC. The metabolic effects of moderately severe upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in man. Postgrad Med J 1982; 58:25-9. [PMID: 7045838 PMCID: PMC2426237 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.58.675.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic effects of moderately severe gastrointestinal haemorrhage were investigated in man. Before resuscitation, patients had raised circulating concentrations of glucose, lactate, alanine, glycerol and cortisol. After urgent operation for haemorrhage, metabolite concentrations were similar to those of control patients having elective abdominal surgery, but insulin concentrations were higher and cortisol lower in haemorrhage patients. There were no significant differences in nitrogen excretion between haemorrhage patients and their controls, but urinary 3-methyl-histidine excretion by haemorrhage patients was lower indicating decreased muscle protein breakdown. Decreased amino acid release from muscle might account for previously reported imparied wound healing after haemorrhage.
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