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Nguyen XD, Zhao Y, Lin J, Purswell JL, Tabler T, Voy B, Hawkins S, Evans JD. Modeling long-distance airborne transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza carried by dust particles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16255. [PMID: 37758739 PMCID: PMC10533824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is continuously causing significant economic losses with massive poultry depopulations. Airborne transmission of HPAI was suspected, as initial bird mortalities were reported near air inlets of poultry houses. In addition, infected farms were distant, indicating that the viruses carried by dust particles might help the viruses travel for long distances in the environment. The objective of this study focused on simulating the airborne transmission of HPAI by using computational modeling to assess the risk of airborne and deposited avian influenza (AI) carried by poultry-litter dust particles. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) modeling was used in this study. Data from 168 infected cases in the Mid-Western area of U.S. were obtained from the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and Watt Poultry. The concentration simulation modeling was performed to estimate the airborne and deposited AI concentration carried by PM2.5 dust particles. Results showed that concentrations of airborne AI, deposited AI, and combined AI transmitted to other farms in a day were lower than the minimal infective dose for poultry. In most of the scenarios, the predicted probability of infection showed that Iowa-infected farms and turkey poultry houses had the highest infection probability. The findings may provide an understanding of the risk of airborne HPAI virus carried by dust particles and suggest the factors that influence long-distance airborne transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Nguyen
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Y Zhao
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
| | - J Lin
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - J L Purswell
- Poultry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - T Tabler
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - B Voy
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - S Hawkins
- Biosystems Engineering and Soil Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - J D Evans
- Poultry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Yang X, Zhao Y, Gan H, Hawkins S, Eckelkamp L, Prado M, Burns R, Purswell J, Tabler T. Modeling gait score of broiler chicken via production and behavioral data. Animal 2023; 17:100692. [PMID: 36584623 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness in broilers may be associated with pain and is considered a major broiler production and welfare concern. Manual gait score assessment in commercial broiler houses is discrete, time-consuming, and laborious. As such, automatic methods for broiler gait score assessment are urgently needed. The objective of this study was to identify the relation of broiler gait score with several productions and behavioral metrics (bird BW, age, activity, and distribution), and establish three gait score prediction models for automatic gait score estimations in broiler farms with automatic weighing systems, camera systems, or both. Sixteen pens were used to rear Cobb 500 and Ross 708 broilers for eight and nine weeks, respectively (eight pens/strain, 12 birds/pen). The gait scores of all birds were assessed weekly by trained assessors following a six-point (0-5) scoring protocol from the third week. The pen's average BW was measured weekly. Top-view cameras were installed to continuously record videos of broilers in all 16 pens. Images were extracted from video clips (10 min/hour) during a 16-hour light period to determine the activity index and distribution index through image processing. The gait score was positively correlated with BW (R2 = 0.97 for Cobb and R2 = 0.96 for Ross), while negatively correlated with activity (R2 = 0.78 for Cobb and R2 = 0.73 for Ross). The three models showed high accuracies in predicting broiler gait score based on variables of BW, age, activity index, and distribution index (R2 = 0.90-0.91, RMSE = 0.38-0.41). The findings of this study demonstrated the potential of estimating broiler gait score using bird BW, age, activity index, and distribution index. This information will assist in the development of automated gait score assessment systems in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - H Gan
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - S Hawkins
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - L Eckelkamp
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - M Prado
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - R Burns
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J Purswell
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - T Tabler
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Kania T, Pandya S, Demissie S, Abdelhalim D, Governo C, Hawkins S, Younan D, Atanassov K, Gave A. Physical exam is not an accurate predictor of injury in geriatric patients with low-energy blunt trauma - A retrospective cohort study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 81:104503. [PMID: 36147051 PMCID: PMC9486729 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When evaluating trauma patients, many centers perform computed tomography of the head, cervical spine, chest, abdomen, and pelvis, the so-called “pan-scan.” Here, we evaluate the utility of physical exam against pan-scan in geriatric patients who sustained ground-level falls. Methods We performed a single-centered retrospective cohort review of consecutive patients from the trauma registry of a large, urban Level 1 trauma center. Inclusion criteria were registration during the 2019 calendar year, age ≥65, mechanism of fall from either sitting or standing, and performance of “pan-scan” at time of assessment. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the physical exam for significant injuries were calculated. The effect of such injuries on disposition from the emergency department and hospital were determined. Results An initial query for patients age ≥65 yielded 1280 patients. After exclusion of patients who did not undergo pan-scan or who had GCS <14, 751 patients were included in analysis. Median age was 84 years old. 351 patients had at least one injury identified on pan-scan. Physical exam was determined to have a sensitivity of 0.69 when compared to pan-scan as a gold standard. Patients with injury identified on CT scan had significantly more admissions, mortalities, and ICU and OR requirements. Conclusion Approximately half of all patients were found to have at least one injury on pan-scan. Physical examination was insensitive at identifying such injuries which ultimately altered patient management, disposition, and outcomes. Pan-scan is recommended in this vulnerable population. A selective approach to CT scan may not be appropriate for elderly patients with low-energy blunt falls. Approximately half of all elderly patients who fall from sitting or standing have at least one traumatic injury. Traumatic injuries alter the hospital course and disposition of elderly fall patients. Physical exam is neither sensitive nor specific enough to detect these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Kania
- Staten Island University Hospital/Hofstra Northwell Zucker School of Medicine, United States
- Corresponding author.475 Seaview Ave. Staten Island, NY, 10305, United States.
| | - S. Pandya
- Staten Island University Hospital/Hofstra Northwell Zucker School of Medicine, United States
| | - S. Demissie
- Staten Island University Hospital/Hofstra Northwell Zucker School of Medicine, United States
| | - D. Abdelhalim
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, United States
| | - C. Governo
- Staten Island University Hospital/Hofstra Northwell Zucker School of Medicine, United States
| | - S. Hawkins
- Hackensack University Medical Center, United States
| | - D. Younan
- Staten Island University Hospital/Hofstra Northwell Zucker School of Medicine, United States
| | - K. Atanassov
- Staten Island University Hospital/Hofstra Northwell Zucker School of Medicine, United States
| | - A. Gave
- Hackensack Meridian Health JFK University Medical Center, United States
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McCready A, Quinn M, Francis P, Stortz R, Kuruvilla S, Stewart P, Palma D, Lang P, Read N, Sathya J, Venkatesan V, Nichols A, MacNeil D, Fung K, Mendez A, Carreau C, Hawkins S, Parker C, Warner L, Winquist E. Impact of a Head and Neck Cancer Chemoradiation (HNC CRT) Nurse Practitioner (NP) on Patient Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Carver S, Convery I, Hawkins S, Beyers R, Eagle A, Kun Z, Van Maanen E, Cao Y, Fisher M, Edwards SR, Nelson C, Gann GD, Shurter S, Aguilar K, Andrade A, Ripple WJ, Davis J, Sinclair A, Bekoff M, Noss R, Foreman D, Pettersson H, Root-Bernstein M, Svenning JC, Taylor P, Wynne-Jones S, Featherstone AW, Fløjgaard C, Stanley-Price M, Navarro LM, Aykroyd T, Parfitt A, Soulé M. Guiding principles for rewilding. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:1882-1893. [PMID: 33728690 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There has been much recent interest in the concept of rewilding as a tool for nature conservation, but also confusion over the idea, which has limited its utility. We developed a unifying definition and 10 guiding principles for rewilding through a survey of 59 rewilding experts, a summary of key organizations' rewilding visions, and workshops involving over 100 participants from around the world. The guiding principles convey that rewilding exits on a continuum of scale, connectivity, and level of human influence and aims to restore ecosystem structure and functions to achieve a self-sustaining autonomous nature. These principles clarify the concept of rewilding and improve its effectiveness as a tool to achieve global conservation targets, including those of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. Finally, we suggest differences in rewilding perspectives lie largely in the extent to which it is seen as achievable and in specific interventions. An understanding of the context of rewilding projects is the key to success, and careful site-specific interpretations will help achieve the aims of rewilding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Carver
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ian Convery
- National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, UK
| | - Sally Hawkins
- Institute of Science, Natural Resources and Outdoor Studies, University of Cumbria, UK
| | - Rene Beyers
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Yue Cao
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mark Fisher
- Wildland Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Cara Nelson
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, USA
| | - George D Gann
- The Institute for Regional Conservation, Delray Beach, Florida, USA
- Society for Ecological Restoration, Washington, D.C., USA
| | | | - Karina Aguilar
- Agencia Metropolitana de Bosques Urbanos del AMG, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Angela Andrade
- Commission for Ecosystem Management, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
- Conservation International Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - William J Ripple
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - John Davis
- The Rewilding Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Anthony Sinclair
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marc Bekoff
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Reed Noss
- Florida Institute for Conservation Science, Melrose, Florida, USA
| | - Dave Foreman
- The Rewilding Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Hanna Pettersson
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Meredith Root-Bernstein
- UMR CESCO, CNRS, Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Taylor
- Wildland Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Laetitia M Navarro
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Alison Parfitt
- Wildland Research Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael Soulé
- Society for Conservation Biology, Washington, D.C., USA
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Hillier E, Hawkins S, Friedrich M. HEALTHY AGING REDUCES THE MYOCARDIAL OXYGENATION RESERVE AS ASSESSED WITH OXYGENATION SENSITIVE CMR. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Hillier E, Hawkins S, Friedrich MG, Nuyt AM. 334The assessment of functional cardiovascular health after exercise intervention in young adults born preterm. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez122.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Hillier
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - S Hawkins
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - A M Nuyt
- Sainte- Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Canada
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Hillier E, El Harram M, Hawkins S, Friedrich MG, Pilote L. 51Regional heterogeneity in the oxygenation reserve of women with syndrome-x. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez112.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Hillier
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - S Hawkins
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - L Pilote
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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9
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Aburrow A, Wallis K, Hawkins S, Smith M, Gentle L, Murphy J. A new integrated approach using an electronic system across health and social care to improve nutritional care for adults across Dorset. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Clemons D, Harmon E, Caruth J, Hawkins S, Garcia M, Thomas S, Murrmann S, Theocharides T. 062 Temperature Controlled Radiofrequency Electrocoagulation for the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Tissue Laxity. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Garza L, Sheu M, Chien A, Kim N, Alessi S, Hawkins S, Kang S. 422 Defining the gene expression signature for human facial rejuvenation. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Simon SL, Diniz Behn C, Cree Green M, Rahat H, Hawkins S, Wright K, Nadeau K. 0809 Insufficient and Late Sleep and Circadian Timing are Associated with Insulin Resistance in Adolescents with Obesity. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S L Simon
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | - H Rahat
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - S Hawkins
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - K Wright
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - K Nadeau
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
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Lavie C, Rollot F, Durand-Dubief F, Marignier R, Ionescu I, Casey R, Moreau T, Tourniaire P, Hutchinson M, D’Hooghe MB, Laplaud DA, Clavelou P, De Sèze J, Debouverie M, Brassat D, Pelletier J, Lebrun-Frenay C, Le Page E, Castelnovo G, Berger E, Hautecoeur P, Heinzlef O, Durelli L, Clerico M, Trojano M, Patti F, Vukusic S, Alpérovitch A, Carton H, d’Hooghe M, Hommes O, Hutchinson M, Adeleine P, Biron A, Cortinovis-Tourniaire P, Grimaud J, Hours M, Moreau T, Vukusic S, Confavreux C, Chauplannaz G, Confavreux C, Cortinovis-Tourniaire P, Grimaud J, Latombe D, Moreau T, Clanet M, Lau G, Rumbach L, Goas J, Rouhart F, Mazingue A, Roullet E, Madigand M, Hautecoeur P, Brunet P, Edan G, Allaire C, Riffault G, Leche J, Benoit T, Simonin C, Ziegler F, Baron J, Rivrain Y, Dumas R, Loche D, Bourrin J, Huttin B, Delisse B, Gibert I, Boulay C, Verceletto M, Durand G, Bonneviot G, Gil R, Hedreville M, Belair C, Poitevin R, Devoize J, Wyremblewski P, Delestre F, Setiey A, Comi G, Filippi M, Ghezzi A, Martinelli V, Rossi P, Zaffaroni M, Tola M, Amato M, Fioretti C, Meucci G, Inglese M, Mancardi G, Gambi D, Thomas A, Cavazzuti M, Citterio A, Heltberg A, Hansen H, Fernandez O, Romero F, Arbizu T, Hernandez J, De Andres de Frutos C, Geffner Sclarky D, Aladro Benito Y, Reyes Yanes P, Aguilar M, Burguera J, Yaya R, Bonakim Dib W, Arzua-Mouronte D, d’Hooghe M, Sindic C, Carton H, Medaer R, Roose H, Geens K, Guillaume D, Van Zandycke M, Janssens J, Cornette M, Mol L, Weilbach F, Flachenecker P, Hartung H, Haas J, Tendolkar I, Sindrn E, Kölmel H, Reichel D, Rauch M, Preuss S, Poser S, Mauch E, Strausser-Fuchs S, Kolleger H, Hawkins S, Howell S, Rees J, Thompson A, Johnson M, Boggild M, Gregory R, Bates D, Bone I, Hutchinson M, Polman C, Frequin S, Jongen P, Hommes O, Correia de Sa J, Rio M, Huber S, Lechner-Scott J, Kappos L, Ionescu I, Cornu C, Confavreux C, Vukusic S, El-Etr M, Baulieu E, El-Etr M, Schumacher M, Ionescu I, Confavreux C, Cornu C, Vukusic S, Hartung H, Miller D, Hutchinson M, Pugeat M, d’Archangues C, Conard J, Ménard J, Sitruk-Ware R, Pelissier C, Dat S, Belaïsch-Allard J, Athéa N, Büschsenschutz D, Lyon-Caen O, Gonsette R, Boissel J, Ffrench P, Durand-Dubief F, Cotton F, Pachai C, Bracoud L, Vukusic S, Ionescu I, Androdias G, Marignier R, Chauplannaz G, Laplaud D, Wiertlewski S, Lanctin-Garcia C, Moreau T, Couvreur G, Madinier G, Clavelou P, Taithe F, Aufauvre D, Guy N, Ferrier A, De Sèze J, Collongues N, Debouverie M, Viala F, Brassat D, Gerdelat-Mas A, Henry P, Pelletier J, Rico-Lamy A, Lebrun-Frenay C, Lepage E, Deburghraeve V, Edan G, Castelnovo G, Berger E, Hautecoeur P, Blondiau M, Heinzlef O, Coustans M, Clerc C, Rieu L, Lauxerois M, Hinzelin G, Ouallet J, Minier D, Vion P, Gromaire-Fayolle N, Derache N, Thouvenot E, Sallansonnet-Froment M, Tourniaire P, Toureille L, Borgel F, Stankoff B, Grimaud J, Moroianu C, Guennoc A, Tournier-Gervason C, Peysson S, Trojano M, Patti F, D’Amico E, Motti L, Zaffaroni M, Durelli L, Tavella A. Neuraxial analgesia is not associated with an increased risk of post-partum relapses in MS. Mult Scler 2018; 25:591-600. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458518763080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Obstetrical analgesia remains a matter of controversy because of the fear of neurotoxicity of local anesthetics on demyelinated fibers or their potential relationship with subsequent relapses. Objective: To assess the impact of neuraxial analgesia on the risk of relapse during the first 3 months post-partum, with a focus on women who experienced relapses during pregnancy. Methods: We analyzed data of women followed-up prospectively during their pregnancies and at least 3 months post-partum, collected in the Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis (PRIMS) and Prevention of Post-Partum Relapses with Progestin and Estradiol in Multiple Sclerosis (POPARTMUS) studies between 1992–1995 and 2005–2012, respectively. The association of neuraxial analgesia with the occurrence of a post-partum relapse was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 389 women were included, 215 from PRIMS and 174 from POPARTMUS. In total, 156 women (40%) had neuraxial analgesia. Overall, 24% experienced a relapse during pregnancy and 25% in the 3 months post-partum. Women with a pregnancy relapse were more likely to have a post-partum relapse (odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, p = 0.02), independently of the use of neuraxial analgesia. There was no association between neuraxial analgesia and post-partum relapse (OR = 1.08, p = 0.78). Conclusion: Neuraxial analgesia was not associated with an increased risk of post-partum relapses, whatever multiple sclerosis (MS) activity during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lavie
- Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer,
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Rollot
- Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP),
Lyon, France
| | | | - Romain Marignier
- Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer,
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France/Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon,
INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-Oncologie et Neuro-Inflammation, Lyon, France;
Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Iuliana Ionescu
- Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer,
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Casey
- Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP),
Lyon, France
| | - Thibault Moreau
- Department of Neurology, EA4184, University Hospital of
Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Michael Hutchinson
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College
Dublin, Dublin, Ireland/Department of Neurology, St Vincent’s University Hospital,
Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie Béatrice D’Hooghe
- National MS Center Melsbroek, Melsbroek, Belgium; Center
for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussel, Belgium
| | - David-Axel Laplaud
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Nantes, CIC015 INSERM,
Nantes, France/INSERM UMR1064, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Clavelou
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand,
Clermont-Ferrand, France/INSERM UMR1107, Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne,
Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérôme De Sèze
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Investigation Center
INSERM 1434, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, FMTS INSERM 1119, Strasbourg,
France
| | - Marc Debouverie
- EA 4360 APEMAC, University of Lorraine, Nancy,
France/Department of Neurology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - David Brassat
- Pôle Neurosciences, CHU Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse,
France/INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Pelletier
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de
Neurosciences Cliniques, AP-HM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France/CNRS,
Aix-Marseille Université, CRMBM UMR7339, Marseille, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Le Page
- Clinical Neuroscience Centre, CIC-P 1414 INSERM, Rennes
University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | | | - Eric Berger
- Department of Neurology, CHU Besançon, Besançon,
France
| | - Patrick Hautecoeur
- Service de Neurologie, Groupement des Hôpitaux de
l’Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Heinzlef
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital CHI de
Poissy/Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris, France
| | - Luca Durelli
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical and
Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital,
Orbassano, Italy
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical and
Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital,
Orbassano, Italy
| | - Maria Trojano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and
Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Patti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, and Advanced
Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Catania, Catania,
Italy
| | - Sandra Vukusic
- Service de Neurologie A, Hôpital Pierre Wertheimer,
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France/Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques
(OFSEP), Lyon, France/Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS
UMR5292, Equipe Neuro-Oncologie et Neuro-Inflammation, Lyon, France/Université de Lyon
1, Lyon, France
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Stevinson C, Devaraj VS, Fountain-Barber A, Hawkins S, Ernst E. Homeopathic Arnica for Prevention of Pain and Bruising: Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in Hand Surgery. J R Soc Med 2017; 96:60-5. [PMID: 12562974 PMCID: PMC539394 DOI: 10.1177/014107680309600203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeopathic arnica is widely believed to control bruising, reduce swelling and promote recovery after local trauma; many patients therefore take it perioperatively. To determine whether this treatment has any effect, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial with three parallel arms. 64 adults undergoing elective surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome were randomized to take three tablets daily of homeopathic arnica 30C or 6C or placebo for seven days before surgery and fourteen days after surgery. Primary outcome measures were pain (short form McGill Pain Questionnaire) and bruising (colour separation analysis) at four days after surgery. Secondary outcome measures were swelling (wrist circumference) and use of analgesic medication (patient diary). 62 patients could be included in the intention-to-treat analysis. There were no group differences on the primary outcome measures of pain ( P=0.79) and bruising ( P=0.45) at day four. Swelling and use of analgesic medication also did not differ between arnica and placebo groups. Adverse events were reported by 2 patients in the arnica 6C group, 3 in the placebo group and 4 in the arnica 30C group. The results of this trial do not suggest that homeopathic arnica has an advantage over placebo in reducing postoperative pain, bruising and swelling in patients undergoing elective hand surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stevinson
- Department of Complementary Medicine, University of Exeter, UK
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15
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Hawkins S, Adamus J, Chiang CY, Covell E, O'Leary J, Lee JM. Retinyl propionate and climbazole combination demonstrates clinical improvement to the appearance of hyperpigmentation and deep wrinkling with minimal irritation. Int J Cosmet Sci 2017; 39:589-599. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Hawkins
- Unilever Research and Development; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
| | - J. Adamus
- Unilever Research and Development; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
| | - C.-y. Chiang
- Unilever Research and Development; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
| | - E. Covell
- Unilever Research and Development; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
| | - J. O'Leary
- Unilever Research and Development; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
| | - J.-m. Lee
- Unilever Research and Development; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
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Adamus J, Feng L, Hawkins S, Kalleberg K, Lee JM. Climbazole boosts activity of retinoids in skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2017; 39:411-418. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Feng
- Unilever R&D; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
| | | | | | - J-M. Lee
- Unilever R&D; Trumbull CT 06611 USA
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Abstract
Individual classes of nanoparticles have made a tremendous impact on the biomedical sciences, with advances in imaging, single-molecule tracking, and cellular mechanotransduction. However, the future of nanotechnology will probably depend on the combination of attributes from several different nanomaterials. Here, one class of hybrid nanoparticles that possess both fluorescent and magnetic functionalities is described. These nanocomposites are created by combining fluorescent nanoparticles with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in an encapsulating micelle or solid polymer sphere. The resulting composites range from 10 to 500nm in size and display both fluorescent and magnetic properties of the constituent nano-particles. These particles are demonstrated as in vitro cellular labels, aprecursor to future in vivo studies; they will expand in vivo imaging options by providing the capability for both magnetic resonance (MR) and fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ruan
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - D Thakur
- Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - S Deng
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - S Hawkins
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - J O Winter
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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18
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Coventry L, van Schalkwyk J, Thompson P, Hawkins S, Hegney D. Myocardial Infarction, Patient Decision Delay and Decision Making: A Thematic Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Griffiths SN, Hawkins S, Galea M, Chaudhry A. A novel technique for harvesting fat for breast augmentation. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2015; 97:543. [PMID: 26414370 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2015.0033.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Hawkins
- Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - M Galea
- Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - A Chaudhry
- Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , UK
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20
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Liu M, Mollica L, Regan J, Hawkins S, McGuiness H, Vetro K, Garczarek U, Shi S, Vasudevan V, Ananthapadmanabhan KP. Modified Corneosurfametry as a new accelerated high-throughput ex vivo methodology for predicting cleanser effects towards human skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 38:178-86. [PMID: 26352535 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corneosurfametry (CSM) was originally developed as a tool to predict irritation potential of cleansers. In this method, surface skin stripped using cyanoacrylate is contacted with surfactants/products, rinsed and stained with toluidine blue and basic fuschin dyes. The intensity of staining increases with increases in irritation potential of surfactant. Our objective was to modify the CSM technique to achieve better control of the tape stripping process. Another objective was to correlate the modified CSM (MCSM) with a traditional in-vivo forearm controlled application test (FCAT) for mildness and to explore its utility to assess the state of corneum after a clinical test. METHODS Surface skin cells were tape stripped from forearms of volunteers with D-Squame Adhesive Discs. Discs were treated with a 10% solution of the product in a 96-plate well for 10 min, rinsed, dried and treated with basic fuschin-toluidine blue dye solution, rinsed and dried again. Forearm Controlled Application Test (FCAT) was based on a published protocol. Tape strips obtained after product treatment were also analyzed by the MCSM procedure without additional product treatment. RESULTS Mildness/barrier damage assessed from in-vivo FCAT showed a similar ranking to the MCSM results. MCSM, TEWL and Erythema analysis of between-treatment differences showed a good correlation indicating that barrier damage seen in in-vivo studies can be predicted from ex-vivo MCSM studies. MCSM analysis of tape strips after the FCAT study showed that the damage decreased with increase in tape strip number. A moisturizing body wash (MBW) with mild surfactants showed the least damage in all layers. In contrast, harsh dish washing liquid showed significantly higher damage down to several layers. Another MBW with petrolatum in a harsher base showed damage almost similar to that of the harsh dish washing liquid in the surface layers. Thus, the MCSM was able to show underlying damage which would have been normally masked by the deposited petrolatum. CONCLUSION The MCSM assay was shown to be a valuable tool for accelerated high throughput evaluation of mildness of surfactants and fully formulated products. MCSM can also be used to assess the state of the corneum after a product treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liu
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - L Mollica
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - J Regan
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - S Hawkins
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - H McGuiness
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - K Vetro
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - U Garczarek
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - S Shi
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
| | - V Vasudevan
- Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A
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21
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Bowker B, Hawkins S, Zhuang H. Measurement of water-holding capacity in raw and freeze-dried broiler breast meat with visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1834-41. [PMID: 24864280 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of using visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (vis/NIR) to segregate broiler breast fillets by water-holding capacity (WHC) was determined. Broiler breast fillets (n = 72) were selected from a commercial deboning line based on visual color assessment. Meat color (L*a*b*), pH (2 and 24 h), drip loss, and salt-induced water uptake were measured. Reflectance measurements were recorded from 400 to 2,500 nm in both raw and freeze-dried breast meat samples. Raw and freeze-dried samples had similar spectra in the visible region (400-750 nm), but the freeze-dried samples exhibited numerous bands in the NIR region (750-2,500 nm) corresponding to muscle proteins and lipids that were not observed in the NIR spectra of the raw samples. Linear discriminate analyses were used to classify fillets as high-WHC or low-WHC according to predicted meat quality characteristics. Using the visible spectra (400-750 nm), fillets could be correctly classified into high-WHC and low-WHC groups based on drip loss and salt-induced water uptake with 88 to 92% accuracy in raw samples and 79 to 86% accuracy in freeze-dried samples. Using the NIR spectra (750-2,500 nm), fillets could be correctly classified into high-WHC and low-WHC groups with 74 to 76% accuracy in raw samples and 85 to 86% accuracy in freeze-dried samples. Thus, freeze-drying enhanced the accuracy of WHC classification using the NIR portion of the spectra. Data from this study demonstrate the potential for utilizing vis/NIR spectroscopy as a method for classifying broiler breast meat according to WHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bowker
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605
| | - S Hawkins
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605
| | - H Zhuang
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605
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22
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Ellsworth JL, Falabella S, Tang V, Schmidt A, Guethlein G, Hawkins S, Rusnak B. Design and initial results from a kilojoule level Dense Plasma Focus with hollow anode and cylindrically symmetric gas puff. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:013504. [PMID: 24517762 DOI: 10.1063/1.4859495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and built a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Z-pinch device using a kJ-level capacitor bank and a hollow anode, and fueled by a cylindrically symmetric gas puff. Using this device, we have measured peak deuteron beam energies of up to 400 keV at 0.8 kJ capacitor bank energy and pinch lengths of ∼6 mm, indicating accelerating fields greater than 50 MV/m. Neutron yields of on the order of 10(7) per shot were measured during deuterium operation. The cylindrical gas puff system permitted simultaneous operation of DPF with a radiofrequency quadrupole accelerator for beam-into-plasma experiments. This paper describes the machine design, the diagnostic systems, and our first results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ellsworth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Falabella
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - V Tang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A Schmidt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G Guethlein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Hawkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Rusnak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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23
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Hughes S, Spelman T, Gray O, Boz C, Trojano M, Zwanikken C, Lugaresi A, Izquierdo J, Duquette P, Girard M, Grand'Maison F, Grammond P, Oreja-Guevara C, Hupperts R, Petersen T, Bergamaschi R, Giuliani G, Lechner-Scott J, Barnett M, Edite Rio M, van Pesch V, Pia Amato M, Iuliano G, Fiol M, Slee M, Verheul F, Cristiano E, Fernández Bolaños R, Saladino D, Poehlau M, Deri N, Oleschko Arruda W, Cabrera-Gomez J, Paine M, Vella N, Herbert J, Skromne E, Savino A, Shaw C, Moore F, Vucic S, Petkovska-Boskova T, Vetere S, McDonnell G, Hawkins S, Kee F, Butzkueven H. EXPOSURE TO INTERFERON-β THERAPY IN EARLY PREGNANCY: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN WOMEN WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-304200a.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Harries MLL, Griffith M, Walker J, Hawkins S. Changes in the male voice during puberty: Speaking and singing voice parameters. LOGOP PHONIATR VOCO 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/14015439609098748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Caporaso G, Chen Y, Sampayan S, Akana G, Anaya R, Anderson D, Blackfield D, Carroll J, Cook E, Falabella S, Guethlein G, Harris J, Hawkins S, Hickman B, Holmes C, Horner A, Nelson S, Paul A, Pearson D, Poole B, Richardson R, Sanders D, Selenes K, Sullivan J, Stanley J, Wang L, Watson J, Weir J. MO-D-BRD-02: Dielectric Wall Accelerators for Proton Therapy. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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27
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O'Doherty C, Hawkins S, Rooney M, Vandenbroeck K. The MHC2TA-168A/G and +1614G/C polymorphisms and risk for multiple sclerosis or chronic inflammatory arthropathies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:247-51. [PMID: 17661914 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The -168A-G polymorphism has been shown to influence transcription of the MHC2TA gene and has been implicated in several inflammatory/autoimmune disorders. Attempts to reproduce these findings have been inconclusive. We investigated the role of this promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in 440 multiple sclerosis (MS), 293 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 74 juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients and 316 healthy controls from Northern Ireland. We also genotyped a non-synonymous SNP in exon 11, +1614G/C. There was no significant difference in the -168G allele frequencies and carriage rates in the separate RA, JIA, or MS collections compared with the control group [odds ratio (OR) = 1.1, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.86-1.44; OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.75-1.68; OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.84-1.35, respectively]. Assessment of the common phenotype (chronic inflammatory disease; n = 807 vs 316 controls) was negative as well. Carriage of +1614C was protective against JIA (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3-1.0) and showed a similar trend in RA and MS (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.5-1.0; OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.6-1.0, respectively). The common phenotype (chronic inflammatory disease) was also significant (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.6-1.0).
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Affiliation(s)
- C O'Doherty
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Applied Genomics Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
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Mackie T, Caporaso G, Sampayan S, Chen Y, Blackfield D, Harris J, Hawkins S, Holmes C, Nelson S, Paul A, Poole B, Rhodes M, Sanders D, Sullivan J, Wang L, Watson J, Reckwerdt P, Schmidt R, Pearson D, Flynn R, Matthews D, Purdy J. TH-C-AUD-09: A Proposal for a Novel Compact Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy System Using a Dielectric Wall Accelerator. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2761668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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30
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Baghdady A, Blervacq AS, Jouanin L, Grima-Pettenati J, Sivadon P, Hawkins S. Eucalyptus gunnii CCR and CAD2 promoters are active in lignifying cells during primary and secondary xylem formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol Biochem 2006; 44:674-83. [PMID: 17107813 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-specific expression patterns of the Eucalyptus gunnii cinnamoyl coenzymeA reductase (EgCCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (EgCAD2) promoters were analyzed by promoter-GUS histochemistry in the primary and secondary xylem tissues from floral stems and roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression patterns indicated that the EgCCR and EgCAD2 genes were expressed in a coordinated manner in primary and secondary xylem tissues of the Arabidopsis floral stem and root. Both genes were expressed in all lignifying cells (vessel elements, xylem fibers and paratracheal parenchyma cells) of xylem tissues. The capacity for long-term monolignol production appeared to be related to the cell-specific developmental processes and biological roles of different cell types. Our results suggested that lignification of short-lived vessel elements was achieved by a two-step process involving (i) monolignol production by vessel elements prior to vessel programmed cell death and (ii) subsequent monolignol production by vessel-associated living paratracheal parenchyma cells following vessel element cell death. EgCCR and EgCAD2 gene expression patterns suggested that the process of xylem cell lignification was similar in both primary and secondary xylem tissues in Arabidopsis floral stems and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baghdady
- Stress abiotiques et différenciation des végétaux cultivés, UMR USTL-INRA 1281, université des sciences et technologies de Lille, bâtiment SN2, cité scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve-d'Ascq cedex, France
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Mathieu M, Lelu-Walter MA, Blervacq AS, David H, Hawkins S, Neutelings G. Germin-like genes are expressed during somatic embryogenesis and early development of conifers. Plant Mol Biol 2006; 61:615-27. [PMID: 16897479 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-006-0036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Germins and germin-like proteins (GLPs) are members of a superfamily of proteins widely distributed in plants. Their localization within the extracellular matrix and in some cases their hydrogen peroxide-producing activity suggests that these proteins are involved in cell wall metabolism during stress responses and developmental processes. Several very highly conserved conifer GLPs have been identified in somatic embryo tissues. In order to gain more knowledge on their potential involvement in the development of this particular tissue, we have characterized a new GLP gene, LmGER1 in hybrid larch. Anti-GLP immunserum and in-gel activity analyses suggested the presence of superoxide dismutase activity in apoplastic proteins from larch somatic embryos. These results could indicate a possible role for LmGER1 in this physiological process. The expression of LmGER1 has been followed during the maturation of somatic embryos and in different organs of young plantlets by homologous transformation with a promoter-gus construct. This promoter was activated in the root cap of young embryos and, later on, in the cotyledons and in the vascular procambium and xylem. Furthermore, the importance of this gene in embryo development was evaluated by transforming embryonal masses with a gene construct encoding a hairpin RNA leading to gene silencing. The potential role of LmGER1 in cross-linking of cell wall components is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Parois Végétales UPRES EA3568-USC INRA, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bât SN2, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Hano C, Addi M, Bensaddek L, Crônier D, Baltora-Rosset S, Doussot J, Maury S, Mesnard F, Chabbert B, Hawkins S, Lainé E, Lamblin F. Differential accumulation of monolignol-derived compounds in elicited flax (Linum usitatissimum) cell suspension cultures. Planta 2006; 223:975-89. [PMID: 16292660 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-005-0156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lignin and lignans share monolignols as common precursors and are both potentially involved in plant defence against pathogens. In this study, we investigated the effects of fungal elicitors on lignin and lignan metabolism in flax (Linum usitatissimum) cell suspensions. Cell suspension cultures of flax were treated with elicitor preparations made from mycelium extracts of Botrytis cinerea, Phoma exigua and Fusarium oxysporum F ssp lini. Elicitors induced a rapid stimulation of the monolignol pathway, as confirmed by the increase in PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, EC 4.1.3.5), CCR (cinnamoyl-CoA reductase EC 1.2.1.44) and CAD (cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.195) gene expression and PAL activity. At the same time, CCR activity only increased significantly in F. oxysporum-treated cells 24 h post elicitation. On the other hand, CAD activity measured for coniferyl alcohol formation was transiently decreased but a substrate-specific activation of CAD activity was observed in F. oxysporum-treated cells when using sinapyl alcohol as substrate. The accumulation of monolignol-derived products varied according to the elicitor used. B. cinerea or P. exigua-elicited cell cultures were characterised by a reinforcement of the cell wall by a deposit of 8-O-4'-linked non-condensed lignin structures and phenolic monomers, while at the same time no stimulation of 8-8'-linked lignan or 8-5'-linked phenylcoumaran lignan accumulation was observed. Additionally, elicitation of cell cultures with F. oxysporum extracts even triggered a strong incorporation of monolignols in the non condensed labile ether-linked lignin fraction concomitantly with a decrease in lignan and phenylcoumaran lignan accumulation. Several hypotheses are proposed to explain the putative role of these compounds in the defence response of flax cells against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, UPRES EA 1207, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France.
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Gudi R, Barkinge J, Hawkins S, Chu F, Manicassamy S, Sun Z, Duke-Cohan JS, Prasad KVS. Siva-1 negatively regulates NF-kappaB activity: effect on T-cell receptor-mediated activation-induced cell death (AICD). Oncogene 2006; 25:3458-62. [PMID: 16491128 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ligation of TCRs on stimulated T cells leads to activation-induced cell death (AICD) resulting in the downregulation of immune responses, a process essential for T-cell homeostasis. In this study, using transformed T-cell lines such as Jurkat and Do11.10 as cellular models of TCR-mediated AICD, we have demonstrated that the proapoptotic protein Siva-1 is required for TCR-induced apoptosis. Knockdown of Siva-1 rendered T cells specifically resistant to anti-CD3 but not Fas-induced apoptosis. Further, we observed that in Siva-1 knockout Jurkat cells, TCR-mediated activation of the canonical and non-canonical limbs of the NF-kappaB pathway are significantly enhanced as reflected by elevated nuclear levels of p65 and RelB, respectively. In addition, loss of endogenous Siva-1 also resulted in the enhanced expression of NF-kappaB- responsive anti-apoptotic genes such as Bcl-xL and c-FLIP. Interestingly, the c-FLIP(short) was detected only in TCR-ligated Siva-1 knockdown Jurkat cells. These results demonstrate a significant role for endogenous Siva-1, through its inhibitory effect on NF-kappaB activity, in TCR-mediated AICD with implications in peripheral tolerance, T-cell homeostasis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Kumi G, Malyk S, Hawkins S, Reisler H, Wittig C. Amorphous Solid Water Films: Transport and Guest−Host Interactions with CO2 and N2O Dopants. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:2097-105. [PMID: 16466243 DOI: 10.1021/jp058234y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Guest-host interactions have been examined experimentally for amorphous solid water (ASW) films doped with CO2 or N2O. The main diagnostics are Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). ASW films deposited at 90 K are exposed to a dopant, and the first molecules that attach to a film enter its bulk until it is saturated with them. Subsequent dopant adsorption results in crystal growth atop the ASW film. There are distinct spectral signatures for these two cases: LO and TO vibrational modes for the crystal overlayer, and an easily distinguished peak for dopant molecules that reside within the ASW film. Above 105 K, the dopant surface layer desorbs fully. Some dopants residing within the ASW film remain until 155 K, at which point the ASW-to-crystalline-ice transition occurs, expelling essentially all of the dopant. No substantial differences are observed for CO2 versus N2O. It is shown that annealing an ASW film to 130 K lowers the film's capacity to include dopants by a factor of approximately 3, despite the fact that the ASW spectral feature centered at approximately 3250 cm(-1) shows no discernible change. Sandwiches were prepared: ASW-dopant-ASW etc., with the dopant layer displaying crystallinity. Raising these samples past 105 K resulted in the expulsion of essentially all of the crystalline dopant. What remained displayed the same spectral signature as the molecules that entered the bulk following adsorption at the surface. It is concluded that the adsorption sites, though prepared differently, have a lot in common. Dangling OH bonds were observed. When they interacted with a dopant, they underwent a red shift of approximately 50 cm(-1). This is in qualitative agreement with studies that have been carried out with weakly bound binary complexes. As a result of this study, a fairly complete, albeit qualitative, picture is in place for the adsorption, binding, and transport of CO2 and N2O in ASW films.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kumi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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35
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Suppiah V, Goris A, Alloza I, Heggarty S, Dubois B, Carton H, Antigüedad A, Mendibe M, McDonnell G, Droogan A, Hawkins S, Graham C, Vandenbroeck K. Polymorphisms in the interleukin-4 and IL-4 receptor genes and multiple sclerosis: a study in Spanish-Basque, Northern Irish and Belgian populations. Int J Immunogenet 2006; 32:383-8. [PMID: 16313303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2005.00542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine gene polymorphisms are known to influence susceptibility and disease course of many autoimmune diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system white matter characterized by inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage. We analysed both the well-known intronic variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) and +33 C/T single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the IL-4 gene, as well as the functional Q551R SNP in the IL4-R gene in a cohort of three distinct populations comprising sporadic cases and controls from the northern Spanish Basque Country and Northern Ireland, as well as family trios from Belgium. The IL-4 +33 TT genotype was decreased in primary progressive (PP) versus relapsing-remitting (RR) patients in the Northern Irish population (OR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.018-1.09). Two-marker haplotype distribution of the VNTR and +33 C/T SNP in PP patients differed from that seen in RR patients in Northern Ireland (P = 0.03). The R allele of the Q551R SNP was significantly under-transmitted in the Belgian trio families (P = 0.003), although this effect was not seen in the Northern Irish and Basque data sets. We did not identify IL-4-IL4-R gene-gene interaction in determining susceptibility or clinical parameters of MS. Disease or genetic heterogeneity or both may be responsible for the observed lack of reproduction in different populations. Our data reinforce recent findings for a role of IL4-R in susceptibility to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Suppiah
- Applied Genomics Group, McClay Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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MacLurg K, Reilly P, Hawkins S, Gray O, Evason E, Whittington D. A primary care-based needs assessment of people with multiple sclerosis. Br J Gen Pract 2005; 55:378-83. [PMID: 15904557 PMCID: PMC1463161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common cause of chronic progressive neurological disability where reduction in quality of life is an important feature. Many GPs have MS patients with a range of disabilities. Little is known about the supply of medical and community services and how this compares with demand. AIM We aim to describe a community based sample of MS patients and investigate how disease characteristics, benefits, services accessed and perceived needs relate to sense of wellbeing. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Participants were recruited from a representative network of 30 GP practices across Northern Ireland. METHOD MS patients answered a professionally administered questionnaire and agreed to their medical records being examined. Information was collected about their medical condition, sociodemographic characteristics, receipt of benefits and services, perceived needs and sense of wellbeing. RESULTS Of the 149 participants, 23% were mildly affected (Kurtzke's Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] 0-4.5), 41% were moderately disabled (EDSS 5.0-6.5) and 36% were severely disabled (EDSS 7.0-9.5). Disability was related to employment, receipt of benefits and services. Physiotherapy was a commonly perceived need. Other perceived needs differed between the moderately and severely disabled groups. Scores relating to wellbeing were related to disability and perceived needs. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between use of medical and community services and disability is important for planning service provision. We have shown that perceived needs are related to wellbeing. In a progressive illness these developing needs could be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K MacLurg
- Department of General Practice, Queens University Belfast.
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Roxburgh RHSR, Seaman SR, Masterman T, Hensiek AE, Sawcer SJ, Vukusic S, Achiti I, Confavreux C, Coustans M, le Page E, Edan G, McDonnell GV, Hawkins S, Trojano M, Liguori M, Cocco E, Marrosu MG, Tesser F, Leone MA, Weber A, Zipp F, Miterski B, Epplen JT, Oturai A, Sørensen PS, Celius EG, Lara NT, Montalban X, Villoslada P, Silva AM, Marta M, Leite I, Dubois B, Rubio J, Butzkueven H, Kilpatrick T, Mycko MP, Selmaj KW, Rio ME, Sá M, Salemi G, Savettieri G, Hillert J, Compston DAS. Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score: Using disability and disease duration to rate disease severity. Neurology 2005; 64:1144-51. [PMID: 15824338 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000156155.19270.f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 694] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no consensus method for determining progression of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) when each patient has had only a single assessment in the course of the disease. METHODS Using data from two large longitudinal databases, the authors tested whether cross-sectional disability assessments are representative of disease severity as a whole. An algorithm, the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS), which relates scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) to the distribution of disability in patients with comparable disease durations, was devised and then applied to a collection of 9,892 patients from 11 countries to create the Global MSSS. In order to compare different methods of detecting such effects the authors simulated the effects of a genetic factor on disability. RESULTS Cross-sectional EDSS measurements made after the first year were representative of overall disease severity. The MSSS was more powerful than the other methods the authors tested for detecting different rates of disease progression. CONCLUSION The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) is a powerful method for comparing disease progression using single assessment data. The Global MSSS can be used as a reference table for future disability comparisons. While useful for comparing groups of patients, disease fluctuation precludes its use as a predictor of future disability in an individual.
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Hawkins S, Kumi G, Malyk S, Reisler H, Wittig C. Temperature programmed desorption and infrared spectroscopic studies of thin water films on MgO(100). Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
The potential relevance of chromosome 7q21-22 in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) has been highlighted in genome-wide linkage screens as well as in association studies of 7q-specific polymorphic microsatellites. Especially, recent, independently performed studies have provided evidence for significant association of the markers D7S554 and D7S3126 with MS in Sardinian, Northern Irish and Spanish-American cohorts. The gene most closely located to these markers is the neuropeptide preprotachykinin-1 (TAC1) gene. Both its position and the array of biological functions exerted by its expression products make it a logical primary choice for further scrutiny as the putative chromosome 7q21-22 MS susceptibility gene. We report identification of eight polymorphisms in this gene by means of a sequencing approach. A Northern Irish case-control was typed for six of these polymorphisms. One of these, an intron 1 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), showed significant association with MS (P=0.009). Two-marker haplotypes composed of allelic combinations of TAC1 promoter-intron 1 SNPs were highly significantly associated with MS and more so with the relapsing-remitting form of this disease. While independent reproduction of these data in other data sets is indicated, our work is suggestive for a role of the TAC1 gene in MS. Genes and Immunity (2005) 6, 265-270. doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6364175 Published online 24 February 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cunningham
- Applied Genomics Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Day A, Addi M, Kim W, David H, Bert F, Mesnage P, Rolando C, Chabbert B, Neutelings G, Hawkins S. ESTs from the fibre-bearing stem tissues of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): expression analyses of sequences related to cell wall development. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2005; 7:23-32. [PMID: 15666211 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-830462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to learn more about the diversity of genes expressed during flax fibre cell wall formation, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained from a cDNA library derived from the outer fibre-bearing tissues of flax (Linum usitatissimum) stems (cv Hermes) harvested at the mid-flowering stage. After elimination of vector and unreadable sequences, 927 ESTs were grouped into 67 clusters and 754 singletons. The flax ESTs have been submitted to the dbEST and GenBank databases with the accession numbers 25939634 - 25940560 (dbEST) and CV478070 - CV478996 (GenBank). Functional analysis allowed the grouping of ESTs into 13 functional categories and revealed that 62 % of ESTs were similar to known sequences, while 12.4 % of ESTs presented no similarity to any known sequences and 25.6 % of ESTs corresponded to proteins of unknown function. The most highly expressed transcripts belonged to four functional categories: protein maturation and metabolism (31 ESTs), signalling (22 ESTs), the cell wall (21 ESTs) and photosynthesis (19 ESTs). 4.4 % (41) of the total ESTs were potentially related to cell wall formation and maturation. The most highly expressed cell wall EST (15 ESTs) corresponded to a beta-xylosidase gene--potentially involved in cell wall remodelling during growth and development. Other cell wall-related ESTs corresponded to cellulose synthase, xyloglucan endotranglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH), beta-galactosidases, and peroxidases. The expression patterns of different cell wall-related ESTs were determined at different developmental stages in flax plants grown under different field conditions. The potential roles of gene products associated with cell wall related ESTs in fibre cell wall development is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Day
- Laboratoire de Physiologie des Parois Végétales UPRES EA 3568 USC-INRA, USTL, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Chu F, Borthakur A, Sun X, Barkinge J, Gudi R, Hawkins S, Prasad KVS. The Siva-1 putative amphipathic helical region (SAH) is sufficient to bind to BCL-XL and sensitize cells to UV radiation induced apoptosis. Apoptosis 2004; 9:83-95. [PMID: 14739602 DOI: 10.1023/b:appt.0000012125.01799.4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The human Siva gene is localized to chromosome 14q32-33 and gives rise to the full-length predominant form, Siva-1 and a minor alternate form, Siva-2 that appears to lack the proapoptotic properties of Siva-1. Our recent work has shown that the missing region in Siva-2 encodes a unique twenty amino acid putative amphipathic helical region (SAH, residues 36-55 in Siva-1). Despite the fact that Siva-1 does not belong to the BCL-2 family, it specifically interacts with the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-XL and sensitizes MCF7 breast cancer cells expressing BCL-XL to UV radiation induced apoptosis. Deletion mutagenesis has mapped the necessary region to the SAH in Siva-1. In this paper we demonstrate that the SAH region in Siva-1 is sufficient to specifically interact with the anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family such as BCL-XL and BCL-2 but not its apoptotic member BAX. Using transient transfections and direct microinjection of synthetic SAH peptides, we also demonstrate that the SAH region is sufficient to inhibit the BCL-XL mediated cell survival and render MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 breast cancer cells expressing BCL-XL highly susceptible to UV radiation induced apoptosis. The underlying mechanism of action of SAH mediated inhibition of BCL-XL (and/or BCL2) cell survival appears to be due to loss of mitochondrial integrity as reflected in enhanced cytochrome c release leading to the activation of caspase 9 and finally caspase 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave., M/C790, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Abstract
This study used 1 longitudinal and 2 cross-seconal population surveys to compare stability of low-rate daily smokers (less than 5 cigarettes per day) with other daily smokers and occasional smokers. Few low-rate smokers maintained consumption level; 36% retained smoking status after 20 months, compared with 82% and 44% for regular daily and occasional smokers, respectively. In a dynamic process, established smokers quit smoking and/or modified (decreased or increased) consumption. Low-rate and occasional smokers quit at higher rates than regular daily smokers (odds ratios 3:1) but were replenished by new members, many converted from regular daily smoker. The overall trend is an increasing proportion of low-consumption smokers while smoking prevalence declines. The dynamic process has implications for tobacco control efforts and for addiction theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hong Zhu
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0905, USA.
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Stevinson C, Devaraj VS, Fountain-Barber A, Hawkins S, Ernst E. Homeopathic arnica for prevention of pain and bruising: randomized placebo-controlled trial in hand surgery. J R Soc Med 2003. [PMID: 12562974 PMCID: PMC539394 DOI: 10.1258/jrsm.96.2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeopathic arnica is widely believed to control bruising, reduce swelling and promote recovery after local trauma; many patients therefore take it perioperatively. To determine whether this treatment has any effect, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial with three parallel arms. 64 adults undergoing elective surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome were randomized to take three tablets daily of homeopathic arnica 30C or 6C or placebo for seven days before surgery and fourteen days after surgery. Primary outcome measures were pain (short form McGill Pain Questionnaire) and bruising (colour separation analysis) at four days after surgery. Secondary outcome measures were swelling (wrist circumference) and use of analgesic medication (patient diary). 62 patients could be included in the intention-to-treat analysis. There were no group differences on the primary outcome measures of pain (P=0.79) and bruising (P=0.45) at day four. Swelling and use of analgesic medication also did not differ between arnica and placebo groups. Adverse events were reported by 2 patients in the arnica 6C group, 3 in the placebo group and 4 in the arnica 30C group. The results of this trial do not suggest that homeopathic arnica has an advantage over placebo in reducing postoperative pain, bruising and swelling in patients undergoing elective hand surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V S Devaraj
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter
Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - A Fountain-Barber
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter
Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - S Hawkins
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter
Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
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Moore S, Cowl M, Stoyle-Corby M, Kane S, Doyle KM, Azari Z, Hawkins S, Elieson S. How can midwives best facilitate the bonding process between motherbaby in pregnancy, birth and postpartum? Midwifery Today Int Midwife 2002:8, 68. [PMID: 12154731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Abstract
Nocardia species is a well-known pathogen in immunocompromised hosts, including renal transplant recipients. Primary pulmonary infection can disseminate to other organs and recommended first-line therapy is high-dose trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). We report two cases of primary pulmonary Nocardia sp. in immunosuppressed patients who were treated with minocycline, a second-line drug. During treatment with minocycline, both patients developed central nervous system (CNS) lesions of Nocardia sp. and were then treated with TMP/SMX with resolution of disease. The literature on Nocardia and treatment with minocycline is reviewed. Treatment of pulmonary Nocardia sp. with 200 mg minocycline daily is not adequate to prevent disseminated CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Weber
- Department of Nephrology/Infectious Disease, Erlanger Medical Center, University of Tennessee-Chattanooga Unit, 979 East Third Street, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
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Fung K, Yoo J, Leeper HA, Hawkins S, Heeneman H, Doyle PC, Venkatesan VM. Vocal function following radiation for non-laryngeal versus laryngeal tumors of the head and neck. Laryngoscope 2001; 111:1920-4. [PMID: 11801970 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200111000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The larynx may receive high doses of radiation even in the absence of disease. Preliminary investigation has provided evidence that significant voice alterations exist in patients who received radiotherapy (RT) for non-laryngeal tumors of the head and neck. This study evaluates subjective and objective parameters of vocal function in this patient population compared with a control group of patients irradiated for early glottic tumors. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Vocal function in patients irradiated for non-laryngeal and early glottic tumors was assessed in a comprehensive manner and compared. Microanalytical and macroanalytical acoustic analyses, aerodynamic measurements, and videostroboscopy were performed on vowel production data. The Voice Handicap Index was administered for self-assessment of voice quality. All subjects were male, smokers, and greater than 12 months post-RT. RESULTS Seventeen patients with non-laryngeal tumors and 13 patients with early glottic tumors were evaluated. Microanalytical acoustic parameters were worse for 75% (6 of 8) of the acoustic measures of vowel production in the non-laryngeal group. These include jitter, relative amplitude perturbation, amplitude perturbation quotient, normalized noise energy, pitch amplitude, and spectral flatness ratio. Macroanalytical acoustic analyses revealed no difference in fundamental frequency but numerically smaller phonational frequency range in the non-laryngeal group. All aerodynamic measures, including mean phonation time, mean airflow, and vocal fold diadochokinetic rate, were decreased in the non-laryngeal group. Videostroboscopy demonstrated increased supraglottic activity in the non-laryngeal group. Voice handicap was significantly greater in the non-laryngeal group. CONCLUSIONS When compared with patients receiving RT for early glottic tumors, there is objective and subjective evidence of vocal dysfunction in patients treated with wide-field RT for non-laryngeal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fung
- Department of Otolaryngology, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Fetal cocaine exposure may have differentially adverse effects on developmental outcomes of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. As part of a longitudinal study, 31 cocaine-positive very low birthweight infants, and age, race and socioeconomic status matched VLBW controls enrolled at birth were followed. Neonatal maternal-child interactions, concurrent maternal psychological characteristics and environmental factors conceptualized as important for child outcome were assessed as well as standard developmental outcomes at 3 years. In the neonatal period, cocaine-exposed VLBW infants who remained in maternal custody tended to be rated as less responsive and their mothers as less nurturing, less emotionally available and with a tendency to use more maladaptive coping mechanisms than nonexposed VLBW infants. At follow-up, cocaine-exposed VLBW children were delayed in cognitive, motor and language development compared to controls. Almost half (45%) of the exposed children scored in the range of mental retardation compared to 16% of the comparison VLBW children. The persistent cognitive, motor and language delays of the cocaine-exposed VLBW children, combined with the poorer behavioral interactions of cocaine-using women with their infants in the neonatal period, indicate a need for increased developmental surveillance of cocaine-exposed VLBW infants with a focus on maternal drug treatment and parenting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Singer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Suite 250-A, The Triangle Building, 11400 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Gabel J, Levitt L, Pickreign J, Whitmore H, Holve E, Rowland D, Dhont K, Hawkins S. Job-based health insurance in 2001: inflation hits double digits, managed care retreats. Health Aff (Millwood) 2001; 20:180-6. [PMID: 11558701 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.20.5.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Drawing on the results of a national survey of 1,907 firms with three or more workers, this paper reports on several facets of job-based health insurance, including the cost to employers and workers; plan offerings and enrollments; patient cost sharing and benefits; eligibility, coverage, and take-up rates; and results from questions about employers' knowledge of market trends and health policy initiatives. Premiums increased 11 percent from spring 2000 to spring 2001, and the percentage of Americans in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) fell six percentage points to its lowest level since 1993, while preferred provider organization (PPO) enrollment rose to 48 percent. Despite premium increases, the percentage of firms offering coverage remained statistically unchanged, and a relatively strong labor market has continued to shield workers from the higher cost of coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gabel
- Health Research and Educational Trust
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Hawkins S. Tired and emotional. Nurs Times 2001; 97:18. [PMID: 11957644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
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Hawkins S, Williams G, Baxter R. Feature selection for examining behavior by pathology laboratories. Top Health Inf Manage 2001; 22:14-23. [PMID: 11680274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Australia has a universal health insurance scheme called Medicare, which is managed by Australia's Health Insurance Commission. Medicare payments for pathology services generate voluminous transaction data on patients, doctors and pathology laboratories. The Health Insurance Commission (HIC) currently uses predictive models to monitor compliance with regulatory requirements. The HIC commissioned a project to investigate the generation of new features from the data. Feature generation has not appeared as an important step in the knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) literature. New interesting features for use in predictive modeling are generated. These features were summarized, visualized and used as inputs for clustering and outlier detection methods. Data organization and data transformation methods are described for the efficient access and manipulation of these new features.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hawkins
- CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, Canberra, Australia
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