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Chavez DE, Hains T, Espinoza S, Wayne RK, Chaves J. Whole-genome analysis reveals the diversification of Galapagos rail (Aves: Rallidae) and confirms the success of goat eradication programs. J Hered 2024:esae017. [PMID: 38498380 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Similar to other insular birds around the world, the Galapagos rail (Laterallus spilonota Gould, 1841) exhibits reduced flight capacity following its colonization of the archipelago ~1.2 mya. Despite their short evolutionary history, rails have colonized seven different islands spanning the entire width of the archipelago. Galapagos rails were once common on islands with sufficiently high altitudes to support shrubs in humid habitats. After humans introduced goats, this habitat was severely reduced due to overgrazing. Habitat loss devastated some rail populations, with less than 50 individuals surviving, rendering the genetic diversity of Galapagos rail a pressing conservation concern. Additionally, one enigma is the reappearance of rails on the island of Pinta after they were considered extirpated. Our approach was to investigate the evolutionary history and geographic distribution of Galapagos rails as well as examine the genome-wide effects of historical population bottlenecks using 39 whole genomes across different island populations. We recovered an early divergence of rail ancestors leading to the isolated populations on Pinta and a second clade comprising the rest of the islands, historically forming a single landmass. Subsequently, the separation of the landmass ~900 kya may have led to the isolation of the Isabela population with more panmictic populations found on Santa Cruz and Santiago islands. We found that rails genomes contain long runs of homozygosity (>2Mb) that could be related to the introduction of goats. Finally, our findings show that the modern eradication of goats was critical to avoiding episodes of inbreeding in most populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Chavez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- School of Biology. Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre, Quito 170901, Ecuador
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Taylor Hains
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Illinois, Chicago 60637, USA
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Illinois, Chicago, 60605, USA
- Grainger Bioinformatics Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, Chicago, 60605, USA
| | - Sebastian Espinoza
- School of Medicine. Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Robert K Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jaime Chaves
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132-1722, USA
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2
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Billerot E, Nguyen TH, Sedira N, Espinoza S, Vende B, Heron E, Habas C. Ocular motor nerve palsy in patients with diabetes: High-resolution MR imaging of nerve enhancement. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:726-736. [PMID: 37210294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the extent of signal abnormality in impaired ocular motor nerves using high signal and spatial resolution MRI sequences and to discuss the involvement of inflammatory or microvascular impairment in patients with diabetic ophthalmoplegia. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 10 patients referred for acute ocular motor nerve palsy in the context of diabetes mellitus from September 15th, 2021 to April 24th, 2022. 3T MRI evaluation included diffusion, 3D TOF, FLAIR, coronal STIR and post-injection 3D T1 SPACE DANTE sequences. RESULTS Ten patients were included: 9 males and 1 female aged from 46 to 79 years. Five patients presented with cranial nerve (CN) III palsy, and 5 presented with CN VI palsy. Third nerve palsy was pupil-sparing in 4 patients and pupil-involved in 1 patient. Pain was associated in all patients with CN III deficiencies and in 2 patients CN VI deficiencies. In all patients, MRI sequences ruled out mass effect and vascular pathology, such as acute stroke or aneurysm. Eight patients presented with STIR hypersignals, some with enlargement of the involved nerve. The diagnosis was confirmed through a post-injection 3D T1 SPACE DANTE sequence, which showed extended enhancement along the abnormal portion of the nerve. CONCLUSION High-resolution MRI evaluation of diplopia in diabetic patients is used to rule out a diagnosis of acute stroke and contributes to the positive diagnosis of ocular motor nerve impairment, possibly combining the influences of inflammatory and microvascular phenomena. Dedicated MR imaging should be included in the initial diagnosis and longitudinal follow-up of patients with diabetic ophthalmoplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Billerot
- Department of Neuroimaging, centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | - T H Nguyen
- Department of Neuroimaging, centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France.
| | - N Sedira
- Department of Internal Medicine, centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | - S Espinoza
- Department of Neuroimaging, centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | - B Vende
- Department of Neuroimaging, centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | - E Heron
- Department of Internal Medicine, centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
| | - C Habas
- Department of Neuroimaging, centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
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3
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Ruiz JG, Duque G, Castillo-Gallego C, Tello T, Theou O, Espinoza S. Editorial: A New JNHA Section on Interviews with Experts. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:680. [PMID: 37702342 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Ruiz
- Jorge G. Ruiz, MD, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL, USA,
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4
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Ekram ARMS, Woods RL, Britt C, Espinoza S, Ernst ME, Ryan J. Erratum: The Association Between Frailty and All-Cause Mortality in Community-Dwelling Older Individuals: An Umbrella Review. J Frailty Aging 2022; 11:247. [PMID: 35441207 PMCID: PMC10433462 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2021.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Appendix II was published twice in the supporting information. The original publication has been updated. Appendix I and Appendix II are now both available in the online publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R M S Ekram
- ARM Saifuddin Ekram, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Campus, Melbourne, Victoria-3004, Australia; E-mail:
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5
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Jiwani R, Wang J, Li C, Dennis B, Patel D, Gelfond J, Liu Q, Siddiqui N, Bess C, Monk S, Serra M, Espinoza S. A Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention to Improve Frailty in Overweight or Obese Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Feasibility Study. J Frailty Aging 2022; 11:74-82. [PMID: 35122094 PMCID: PMC8068458 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2021.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are more likely to be frail, which increases the risk for disability and mortality. OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility of a behavioral lifestyle intervention, enhanced with mobile health technology for self-monitoring of diet and activity, to improve frailty in overweight/obese older adults (≥65 years) diagnosed with T2D. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Single arm, 6-month study of a behavioral lifestyle intervention in 20 overweight/obese (BMI>25) older adults (≥ 65 years) with self-reported T2D diagnosis who owned a smartphone. A Fitbit tracker was provided to all participants for self-monitoring of diet and physical activity. Our primary outcome of feasibility was measured by session attendance, adherence to Fitbit usage to self-monitor diet and physical activity, and study retention. Secondary outcomes included the preliminary efficacy of the intervention on frailty, physical function, quality of life, and T2D-related outcomes. RESULTS Eighteen participants completed the study. The mean age was 71.5 (SD ± 5.3) years, 56% were female, and half were Hispanic. At baseline, 13 (72%) were pre-frail, 4 (22%) were frail, and 1 (6%) were non-frail. At follow-up, frailty scores improved significantly from 1.61 ± 1.15 to 0.94 ± 0.94 (p=0.01) and bodyweight improved from 205.66 ± 45.52 lbs. to 198.33 ± 43.6 lbs. (p=<0.001). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the feasibility of a behavioral lifestyle intervention in overweight/obese older adults with T2D and preliminary results support its potential efficacy in improving frailty score.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jiwani
- Rozmin Jiwani, PhD, RN, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, Phone: 210-450-8498, Fax: 210-567-5822,
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6
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Ekram ARMS, Woods RL, Britt C, Espinoza S, Ernst ME, Ryan J. The Association between Frailty and All-Cause Mortality in Community-Dwelling Older Individuals: An Umbrella Review. J Frailty Aging 2021; 10:320-326. [PMID: 34549245 PMCID: PMC10376924 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2021.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, including mortality. Several methods have been used to characterize frailty, each based on different frailty scales. These include scales based on phenotype, multidomain, and deficit accumulations. Several systematic reviews have examined the association between frailty and mortality; however, it is unclear whether these different frailty scales similarly predict mortality. This umbrella review aims to examine the association between frailty assessed by different frailty scales and all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older adults. A protocol was registered at PROSPERO, and it was conducted following the PRISMA statement. MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) EBP database, and Web of Science database was searched. Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklist and online AMSTAR-2 critical appraisal checklist. For eligible studies, essential information was extracted and synthesized qualitatively. Five systematic reviews were included, with a total of 434,115 participants. Three systematic reviews focused on single frailty scales; one evaluated Fried's physical frailty phenotype and its modifications; another focused on the deficit accumulation frailty index. The third evaluated the FRAIL (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, and Loss of weight) scale. The two other systematic reviews determined the association between frailty and mortality using different frailty scales. All of the systematic reviews found that frailty was significantly associated with all-cause mortality. This umbrella review demonstrates that frailty is a significant predictor of all-cause mortality, irrespective of the specific frailty scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R M S Ekram
- ARM Saifuddin Ekram, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Campus, Melbourne, Victoria-3004, Australia; E-mail:
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Beltran S, Nassif M, Vicencio E, Arcos J, Labrador L, Cortes BI, Cortez C, Bergmann CA, Espinoza S, Hernandez MF, Matamala JM, Bargsted L, Matus S, Rojas-Rivera D, Bertrand MJM, Medinas DB, Hetz C, Manque PA, Woehlbier U. Network approach identifies Pacer as an autophagy protein involved in ALS pathogenesis. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:14. [PMID: 30917850 PMCID: PMC6437924 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial fatal motoneuron disease without a cure. Ten percent of ALS cases can be pointed to a clear genetic cause, while the remaining 90% is classified as sporadic. Our study was aimed to uncover new connections within the ALS network through a bioinformatic approach, by which we identified C13orf18, recently named Pacer, as a new component of the autophagic machinery and potentially involved in ALS pathogenesis. METHODS Initially, we identified Pacer using a network-based bioinformatic analysis. Expression of Pacer was then investigated in vivo using spinal cord tissue from two ALS mouse models (SOD1G93A and TDP43A315T) and sporadic ALS patients. Mechanistic studies were performed in cell culture using the mouse motoneuron cell line NSC34. Loss of function of Pacer was achieved by knockdown using short-hairpin constructs. The effect of Pacer repression was investigated in the context of autophagy, SOD1 aggregation, and neuronal death. RESULTS Using an unbiased network-based approach, we integrated all available ALS data to identify new functional interactions involved in ALS pathogenesis. We found that Pacer associates to an ALS-specific subnetwork composed of components of the autophagy pathway, one of the main cellular processes affected in the disease. Interestingly, we found that Pacer levels are significantly reduced in spinal cord tissue from sporadic ALS patients and in tissues from two ALS mouse models. In vitro, Pacer deficiency lead to impaired autophagy and accumulation of ALS-associated protein aggregates, which correlated with the induction of cell death. CONCLUSIONS This study, therefore, identifies Pacer as a new regulator of proteostasis associated with ALS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Beltran
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Nassif
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Vicencio
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Arcos
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Labrador
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - B I Cortes
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Cortez
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - C A Bergmann
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Espinoza
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile
| | - M F Hernandez
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile
| | - J M Matamala
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Bargsted
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Matus
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Zañartu 1482, 7780272, Santiago, Chile.,Neurounion Biomedical Foundation, 7780272, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - D Rojas-Rivera
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M J M Bertrand
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - P A Manque
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - U Woehlbier
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, P.O.BOX 70086, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide, 5750, Santiago, Chile.
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Espinoza S, Hazuda HP. ETHNIC DISPARITY IN FRAILTY BETWEEN MEXICAN AMERICAN (MA) AND EUROPEAN AMERICAN (EA) OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Espinoza
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - H P Hazuda
- Department of Medicine, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Espinoza S, Musi N, Wang C. A RANDOMIZED PLACEBO-CONTROL TRIAL OF METFORMIN FOR FRAILTY PREVENTION OF IN OLDER ADULTS WITH PRE-DIABETES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Espinoza
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - N Musi
- Geriatrics Research, Education & Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA, Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - C Wang
- Geriatrics Research, Education & Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA, Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX, USA
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10
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Noel P, Wang C, Finley E, Espinoza S, Bollinger M, Parchman M, Hazuda H. PCP DISCUSSION OF PATIENTS’ SENIOR CENTER ACTIVITIES IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED DIABETES-RELATED OUTCOMES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Noel
- University of Texas (UT) Health San Antonio
| | - C Wang
- University of Texas (UT) Health San Antonio
| | - E Finley
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System
| | | | | | - M Parchman
- Kaiser Permanente of Washington Health Research Institute
| | - H Hazuda
- University of Texas (UT) Health San Antonio
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11
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Morales A, Chávez M, Vásquez N, Htoo JK, Buenabad L, Espinoza S, Cervantes M. Increased dietary protein or free amino acids supply for heat stress pigs: effect on performance and carcass traits. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:1419-1429. [PMID: 29471400 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) pigs reduce their voluntary feed intake (VFI) and ingestion of indispensable amino acids (AA). Increasing the dietary crude protein (CP) content may help to correct the reduced AA intake by HS pigs, but it may further increase their body heat load. Increasing the AA intake by adding free AA to the diet does not affect the heat load of HS pigs. Two 21-d experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, 30 pigs (31.1 ± 1.2 kg initial body weight) were used to determine the performance depression because of HS. Treatments were: thermo neutral pigs fed a 22% CP control diet (TN-C); HS pigs fed the control diet (HS-C); HS pigs fed a 14% CP, AA supplemented diet (HS-AA). HS pigs had lower ADG and Lys utilization efficiency, and consumed 20 and 25% less Lys and Thr, respectively, than the TN-C pigs (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2 (comparative slaughter), 25 pigs (33.6 ± 0.65 kg initial body weight) were used to evaluate the effect of extra dietary AA either as protein-bound or free AA on the performance and carcass traits of HS pigs. Treatments were: control wheat-SBM-free Lys, Thr and Met diet (CON); diet with 30% more CP than CON (HSxP); diet added with free AA to contain at least 25% more of each AA than the recommended level (HSxAA). Ambient temperature (AT) ranged from 27.7 to 37.7°C, and body temperature (39.9 to 41.2°C) followed a similar daily pattern as the AT did. There was no dietary treatment effect on daily feed and NE intake (P > 0.10), but the Lys, Thr, and Met intake was higher in pigs fed the HSxP or HSxAA diets than in pigs fed the CON diet (P < 0.05). The daily weight gain (ADG) was not affected (P > 0.10) but G:F tended to be higher and the Lys utilization efficiency (ADG, g/g Lys intake) tended to be lower in HSxP pigs than in CON pigs (P < 0.10). The HSxAA pigs had higher ADG (P < 0.05), and tended to have higher weight of hot carcass and leg muscle, and the weight gain of hot carcass and leg muscle than the CON pigs (P < 0.10). The weight and daily weight gain of loin muscle was higher in the HSxAA than in the HSxP pigs (P < 0.05). Kidney weight and serum urea in HSxP pigs were higher than in CON and HSxAA pigs, but spleen weight was higher in HSxAA pigs than in CON and HSxP pigs (P < 0.05). These results confirm that HS reduces the VFI, and show that increased levels of AA either as free or protein-bound do not additionally reduce the VFI of HS pigs. These also show that extra free AA supply rather than protein-bound AA better ameliorate the reduced growth performance of HS pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morales
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - M Chávez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - N Vásquez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - J K Htoo
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Hanau, Germany
| | - L Buenabad
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - S Espinoza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - M Cervantes
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
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Powers B, Espinoza S, Taylor V, Arevalo L, Nieman C, Mamo S, Lin F. SAN ANTONIO HEARS: ADAPTING A RESEARCH PROTOCOL FOR HEARING LOSS AND DEMENTIA TO CLINICAL PRACTICE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.5103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B.B. Powers
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas,
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas,
| | - S. Espinoza
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas,
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas,
| | - V. Taylor
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas,
| | - L. Arevalo
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas,
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas,
| | - C.L. Nieman
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - S. Mamo
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - F. Lin
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Morales A, Ibarra N, Espinoza S, Reyes F, Avelar E, Camacho RL, Ramírez MC. 324 Diurnal ambient temperature variations in warm climate regions affect the serum concentrations of free amino acids in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasmw.2017.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Attyé A, Troprès I, Rouchy RC, Righini C, Espinoza S, Kastler A, Krainik A. Diffusion MRI: literature review in salivary gland tumors. Oral Dis 2016; 23:572-575. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Attyé
- Department of Neuroradiology and MRI; Grenoble Alpes University Hospital - SFR RMN Neurosciences; Grenoble France
- University Grenoble Alpes; IRMaGe; Grenoble France
| | - I Troprès
- Inserm US 17; CNRS; IRMaGe; Grenoble France
| | - R-C Rouchy
- Department of Neuroradiology and MRI; Grenoble Alpes University Hospital - SFR RMN Neurosciences; Grenoble France
| | - C Righini
- Department of Otology; Grenoble Alpes University Hospital; Grenoble France
| | - S Espinoza
- Georges Pompidou European Hospital; Paris France
| | - A Kastler
- Department of Neuroradiology and MRI; Grenoble Alpes University Hospital - SFR RMN Neurosciences; Grenoble France
- University Grenoble Alpes; IRMaGe; Grenoble France
| | - A Krainik
- Department of Neuroradiology and MRI; Grenoble Alpes University Hospital - SFR RMN Neurosciences; Grenoble France
- University Grenoble Alpes; IRMaGe; Grenoble France
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Morales A, Buenabad L, Castillo G, Vázquez L, Espinoza S, Htoo JK, Cervantes M. Dietary levels of protein and free amino acids affect pancreatic proteases activities, amino acids transporters expression and serum amino acid concentrations in starter pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:723-732. [PMID: 27121753 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dietary contents of crude protein and free amino acids (AA) may affect the protein digestion and AA absorption in pigs. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities, AA serum concentrations and expression of AA transporters in the small intestine of pigs fed a low protein, AA-supplemented (19.2%, LPAA) or a high protein (28.1%, HP), wheat-soybean meal diet were measured in two 14-d trials. The LPAA diet contained free L-Lys, L-Thr, DL-Met, L-Leu, L-Ile, L-Val, L-His, L-Trp and L-Phe. All pigs were fed the same amount of feed (890 and 800 g/d for trial 1 and 2 respectively). In trial 1, samples of mucosa (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and digesta (duodenum and jejunum) were collected from 14 pigs (17.2 ± 0.4 kg); in trial 2, blood samples were collected from 12 pigs (12.7 ± 0.3 kg). The trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in both intestinal segments were higher in pigs fed the HP diet (p < 0.01). Trypsin activity was higher in jejunum than in duodenum regardless the dietary treatment (p < 0.05). Pigs fed the LPAA diet expressed more b0,+ AT in duodenum, B0 AT1 in ileum (p < 0.05), and tended to express more y+ LAT1 in duodenum (p = 0.10). In pigs fed the LPAA diet, the expression of b0,+ AT was higher in duodenum than in jejunum and ileum (p < 0.01), but no difference was observed in pigs fed the HP diet. Ileum had the lowest b0,+ AT expression regardless the diet. The serum concentrations of Lys, Thr and Met were higher in LPAA pigs while serum Arg was higher in HP pigs (p < 0.05). Serum concentrations of AA appear to reflect the AA absorption. In conclusion, these data indicate that the dietary protein contents affect the extent of protein digestion and that supplemental free AA may influence the intestinal site of AA release and absorption, which may impact their availability for growth of young pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morales
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - L Buenabad
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - G Castillo
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - L Vázquez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - S Espinoza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
| | - J K Htoo
- Evonik Industries AG, Nutrition Research, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - M Cervantes
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México
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Vrij EJ, Espinoza S, Heilig M, Kolew A, Schneider M, van Blitterswijk CA, Truckenmüller RK, Rivron NC. 3D high throughput screening and profiling of embryoid bodies in thermoformed microwell plates. Lab Chip 2016; 16:734-742. [PMID: 26775648 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
3D organoids using stem cells to study development and disease are now widespread. These models are powerful to mimic in vivo situations but are currently associated with high variability and low throughput. For biomedical research, platforms are thus necessary to increase reproducibility and allow high-throughput screens (HTS). Here, we introduce a microwell platform, integrated in standard culture plates, for functional HTS. Using micro-thermoforming, we form round-bottom microwell arrays from optically clear cyclic olefin polymer films, and assemble them with bottom-less 96-well plates. We show that embryonic stem cells aggregate faster and more reproducibly (centricity, circularity) as compared to a state-of-the-art microwell array. We then run a screen of a chemical library to direct differentiation into primitive endoderm (PrE) and, using on-chip high content imaging (HCI), we identify molecules, including regulators of the cAMP pathway, regulating tissue size, morphology and PrE gene activity. We propose that this platform will benefit to the systematic study of organogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Vrij
- Merln Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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17
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Westhoff M, Kreppein U, Gerke B, Sträter J, Behl L, Espinoza S, Schaper A, Kemmer HP. Tätigkeitsanalyse auf einer Weaningstation – Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Servagi-Vernat S, Ali D, Espinoza S, Houle A, Laccourreye O, Giraud P. Organes à risque en radiothérapie conformationnelle des tumeurs de la tête et du cou : aspect pratique de leur délinéation et des contraintes de dose. Cancer Radiother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Servagi-Vernat S, Ali D, Espinoza S, Houle A, Laccourreye O, Giraud P. Organes à risque en radiothérapie conformationnelle des tumeurs de la tête et du cou : aspect pratique de leur délinéation et des contraintes de dose. Cancer Radiother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Servagi-Vernat S, Ali D, Espinoza S, Houle A, Laccourreye O, Giraud P. Organes à risque en radiothérapie conformationnelle des tumeurs de la tête et du cou : aspect pratique de leur délinéation et des contraintes de dose. Cancer Radiother 2013; 17:695-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Villarreal C, Arteaga I, Higa A, Quintana M, Espinoza S. Perfil del profesional nutricionista requerido por las instituciones empleadoras en la ciudad de Lima. An Fac med 2013. [DOI: 10.15381/anales.v73i1.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivos: Comprobar si las competencias profesionales, características y cualidades del nutricionista egresado de la EAP Nutrición están de acuerdo a las expectativas de las instituciones empleadoras. diseño: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, observacional. Institución: Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM. Participantes: Directivos de empleadoras de nutricionistas. intervenciones: A 28 instituciones empleadoras de nutricionistas egresados de la UNMSM, se aplicó una encuesta con el listado de competencias del plan curricular para cada área de desempeño profesional: Nutrición Clínica, Nutrición Pública, Servicios de Alimentación Colectiva y Deporte. Principales medidas de resultados: Competencias, características y cualidades, según áreas de desempeño profesional. Resultados: Todas las competencias en las diferentes áreas del listado fueron consideradas importantes para el desempeño del nutricionista. Además los encuestados recomendaron otras competencias necesarias para su institución. Respecto a las características y cualidades, no manifestaron preferencia por determinada edad o sexo, pero sí coincidieron en destacar la presentación y el trato personal, así como la iniciativa, en la práctica de la profesión. Conclusiones: El perfil de competencias del profesional definido por la Escuela de Nutrición para sus egresados estuvo de acuerdo a las expectativas de las instituciones empleadoras. Sin embargo, requeriría reforzar algunos aspectos en cada una de las áreas de desempeño, así como en la formación de valores y liderazgo.
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Espinoza S, Halimi P. Interpretation pearls for MR imaging of parotid gland tumor. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2013; 130:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Alvarez EG, Pinos-Rodríguez JM, Aguilar U, Espinoza S, Montaño M, Torrentera N, Rodriguez J. Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on intake, duodenal flow, and digestion in steers fed diets with whole or cracked Pima cottonseed. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2010.482594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Gerber S, Rodallec M, Botto E, Espinoza S, Mellerio C, Zuber M, Zins M. Fatal acute hemorrhagic venous infarction due to the thrombosis of the draining vein of a developmental venous abnormality. J Neuroradiol 2010; 37:252-4. [PMID: 20381149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Espinoza S, Petit-Lecomte F, Resten A, Simonneau G, Musset D. [What is your diagnosis? Thoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with beta-thalassemia]. J Radiol 2007; 88:605-6. [PMID: 17464264 DOI: 10.1016/s0221-0363(07)89865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Espinoza
- Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
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Espinoza S, Petit-Lecomte F, Resten A, Simonneau G, Musset D. [What is your diagnosis?]. J Radiol 2007; 88:409. [PMID: 17457277 DOI: 10.1016/s0221-0363(07)89842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Espinoza
- Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 157 Rue de la Porte de Trivaux, Clamart
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28
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Nuñez BS, Cañon H, Iragüen D, Espinoza S, Lillo J. Depletion study of trimethoprim and sulphadiazine in milk and its relationship with mastitis pathogenic bacteria strains minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in dairy cows. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2001; 24:83-8. [PMID: 11442781 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2001.00312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Time-related concentrations in milk of a combination of trimethoprim-sulphadiazine (TMP-SDZ) intramammary formulated infusion and its relationship with pathogenic bacteria strains minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) isolated from clinical mastitis cows were analysed. The MICs study was performed for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp. strains. The SDZ concentrations in milk were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and TMP using a microbiological assay. Ten lactating cows milked three times daily were used in the time-concentration studies of TMP-SDZ. Milk samples (approximately 20 mL) from the treated mammary quarters were taken at 6, 12, 24, 30 and 36 h after first administration. In order to define the withdrawal time, milk samples from the treated mammary quarters were taken at 24, 36, 48, 72, 84 and 96 h, after finishing the therapy. The MICs fluctuated between 1 and 8 microg/mL. Effective therapeutic concentrations lasted for 36 h when intramammary infusion was repeated three times every 12 h. No TMP was detected in milk for 24 h after finishing therapy. Milk SDZ concentrations were below 0.1 microg/mL in all treated cows after 84 h finishing therapy. At 96 h after finishing therapy, no SDZ milk concentrations were found in six animals, although four animals of the experimental group still had concentrations of 0.07 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
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Huerta M, Sciutto E, García G, Villalobos N, Hernández M, Fragoso G, Díaz J, Díaz A, Ramírez R, Luna S, García J, Aguilar E, Espinoza S, Castilla G, Bobadilla JR, Avila R, José MV, Larralde C, de Aluja AS. Vaccination against Taenia solium cysticercosis in underfed rustic pigs of México: roles of age, genetic background and antibody response. Vet Parasitol 2000; 90:209-19. [PMID: 10842001 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(00)00233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination of pigs of mixed genetic make-up, raised as rustically as done in rural Mexico, resulted in effective protection to experimental challenge against Taenia solium cysticercosis. Maximum protection was achieved if pigs were immunized at 70 days of age. There was large variation of viable parasite load within vaccinated pigs and controls, which is suggestive of significant genetic factors influencing susceptibility, besides immunization. Our results strengthen the advisability of pig vaccination for control of T. solium cysticercosis, since it lowers the number of viable cysticerci capable of transforming into tapeworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Huerta
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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Espinoza S, Pinto-Hamuy T, Passig C, Carreño F, Marchant F, Urzúa C. Deficit in the water-maze after lesions in the anteromedial extrastriate cortex in rats. Physiol Behav 1999; 66:493-6. [PMID: 10357439 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The Morris water-maze task was used to evaluate the role of the anteromedial extrastriate visual cortex in the processing of visuospatial information in rats. Six gray male rats received bilateral ibotenic acid injections targeted stereotactically to the rostral part of the anteromedial extrastriate visual cortex. These operated subjects and six other unoperated control rats were tested in the maze. Histological analysis confirmed the localization, symmetry, and depth of lesions in the rostral part of anteromedial area (AMa) in the operated subjects. In these animals, a significantly greater latency to reach the submerged platform was found (U = 0, p = 0.004). The Morris water-maze may be considered as a reference memory task. It presents a stronger demand on the use of allocentric spatial visual cues than on the use of egocentric cues for navigation. Therefore, the present data lend support to the participation of area AMa in the integration of allocentric visuospatial cues or as a link in the memory system involved in the acquisition of this task.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Espinoza
- School of Psychology, University of Santiago de Chile, Escuela de Psicologia, Ecuador.
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Hoff AL, Wieneke M, Faustman WO, Horon R, Sakuma M, Blankfeld H, Espinoza S, DeLisi LE. Sex differences in neuropsychological functioning of first-episode and chronically ill schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:1437-9. [PMID: 9766778 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.155.10.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether men and women with schizophrenia demonstrate differences in cognitive abilities. METHOD Two cohorts of patients with schizophrenia, an acute first-episode and a chronically hospitalized group, were evaluated with a neuropsychological battery and compared with a normal group of subjects. RESULTS After adjustment for age, age at onset, and premorbid IQ, male chronic patients performed worse than female chronic patients on measures of visual memory. These differences were eliminated after control for symptom severity. No other differences were found in cognitive function between men and women in either cohort. CONCLUSIONS Sex differences in cognitive function in schizophrenic patients are not robust findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hoff
- University of California, Davis-Napa Psychiatric Research Center, Napa State Hospital 94558, USA
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Hoff AL, Faustman WO, Wieneke M, Espinoza S, Costa M, Wolkowitz O, Csernansky JG. The effects of clozapine on symptom reduction, neurocognitive function, and clinical management in treatment-refractory state hospital schizophrenic inpatients. Neuropsychopharmacology 1996; 15:361-9. [PMID: 8887990 DOI: 10.1016/0893-133x(95)00242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Thirty chronically hospitalized, refractory schizophrenic patients were evaluated while on typical neuroleptics and again after 12 weeks of clozapine treatment. Patients demonstrated small but statistically significant reductions in total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) symptoms, need for seclusion and restraint, and PRN medications, and they frequently were transferred to a less restrictive treatment environment. Neuropsychological test data from a subset of patients suggested improvement on measures of verbal fluency and graphomotor speed, but deterioration on measures of visual memory and executive/frontal ability. Clozapine's different effects on multiple neurotransmitter systems may be responsible for its mixed effects on cognitive abilities. No significant relationships were found between symptom reduction, cognitive improvement, and transfer to a less restrictive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hoff
- Biological Psychiatry Treatment and Research Center, Napa State Hospital, CA 94558, USA
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Herrera-Marschitz M, You ZB, Goiny M, Meana JJ, Silveira R, Godukhin OV, Chen Y, Espinoza S, Pettersson E, Loidl CF, Lubec G, Andersson K, Nylander I, Terenius L, Ungerstedt U. On the origin of extracellular glutamate levels monitored in the basal ganglia of the rat by in vivo microdialysis. J Neurochem 1996; 66:1726-35. [PMID: 8627331 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66041726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Several putative neurotransmitters and metabolites were monitored simultaneously in the extracellular space of neostriatum, substantia nigra, and cortex and in subcutaneous tissue of the rat by in vivo microdialysis. Glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp) were at submicromolar and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was at nanomolar concentrations in all brain regions. The highest concentration of dopamine (DA) was in the neostriatum. Dynorphin B (Dyn B) was in the picomolar range in all brain regions. Although no GABA, DA, or Dyn B could be detected in subcutaneous tissue, Glu and Asp levels were 5 and approximately 5 and approximately 0.4 microM, respectively. Lactate and pyruvate concentrations were approximately 200 and approximately 10 microM in all regions. The following criteria were applied to ascertain the neuronal origin of substances quantified by microdialysis: sensitivity to (a) K+ depolarization, (b) Na+ channel blockade, (c) removal of extracellular Ca2+, and (d) depletion of presynaptic vesicles by local administration of alpha-latrotoxin. DA, Dyn B, and GABA largely satisfied all these criteria. In contrast, Glu and Asp levels were not greatly affected by K+ depolarization and were increased by perfusing with tetrodotoxin or with Ca2+-free medium, arguing against a neuronal origin. However, Glu and Asp, as well as DA and GABA, levels were decreased under both basal and K+-depolarizing conditions by alpha-latrotoxin. Because the effect of K+ depolarization on Glu and Asp could be masked by reuptake into nerve terminals and glial cells, the reuptake blocker dihydrokainic acid (DHKA) or L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDC) was included in the microdialysis perfusion medium. The effect of K+ depolarization on Glu and Asp levels was increased by DHKA, but GABA levels were also affected. In contrast, PDC increased only Glu levels. It is concluded that there is pool of releasable Glu and Asp in the rat brain. However, extracellular levels of amino acids monitored by in vivo microdialysis reflect the balance between neuronal release and reuptake into surrounding nerve terminals and glial elements.
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Bolufer P, Torregrosa MD, Gomez L, Munarriz B, López JA, Asins E, Espinoza S, Vera F, Vazquez C, Guillem V. Specific oncological contribution of cathepsin D and pS2 in human breast cancer: their relationship with TNM status, estradiol receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor and neu amplification. Clin Chim Acta 1996; 247:89-103. [PMID: 8920230 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(95)06247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study attempts to clarify the specific contribution of cathepsin D (CD) and pS2 to the progression of breast cancer (BC) by examining the relationship between these two factors and TNM status, tumour grade, estradiol receptors (ER) and the prognosis factors epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and neu amplification in a group of 270 BC patients. CD and pS2 were determined by an immunoradiometric procedure in tumour cytosols obtained for ER. Neu amplifications were evaluated by dot-blot, in tumour DNA. EGFR was determined in membrane tumour preparations obtained from ER cytosols by a two-point radiometric saturation assay. CD is basically related to bad prognosis factors and has a direct correlation with tumour size (P = 0.025) and EGFR content (P = 0.007) and is associated with the presence of metastases (P = 0.000). pS2 is mostly related to good prognosis factors and showed an inverse correlation with the Scarff-Bloom Index (P = 0.011) and a direct correlation with ER content (P = 0.014). Finally, pS2 and CD also showed a strong mutual association (P = 0.009) and the fact that both correlated with ER content confirms in tumours the experimental finding that they are estrogen-induced proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bolufer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biopathology, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Espinoza S, Stroble T. The protein dilemma: real food vs. liquid supplements. Nephrol News Issues 1993; 7:52-3. [PMID: 8133921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Schencke M, Espinoza S, Muñoz N, Messing H. [Attitude and behavior regarding breast self examination among health professionals in Chile]. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 1993; 114:317-25. [PMID: 8499082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out from April to December 1990 in the commune of Valdivia, Chile and involved 207 physicians, nurses, midwives, and nurse-midwives. The objective was to determine the relationship between subjective attitude and personal behavior on the part of these health professionals with regard to the practice of monthly breast self-examination (BSE). The data were collected by means of an instrument designed to measure attitudes, which was prepared by Victoria Lee Champion (1984) on the basis of the health beliefs model of Becker, et al. (1974). Also included were questions aimed at ascertaining the personal and sociodemographic background of the professionals surveyed and their knowledge of several aspects of breast cancer and BSE. The information collected was subjected to the following tests of validity and reliability: Person product-moment correlation coefficient r, split half method, Spearman-Brown R coefficient, Cronbach alpha coefficient, and the Chi-square test to determine the degree of association between the variables. The results showed that although 79% of the women studied had ample knowledge of many aspects of breast cancer and 82% were aware of the benefits of BSE, only 28% practiced it on a monthly basis. It is alarming that health professionals, who are responsible for teaching prevention measures to other people, have yet to assume responsibility for protecting their own health insofar as early detection of breast cancer is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schencke
- Instituto de Enfermería, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia
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