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Kostic M, Raymond JJ, Freyre CAC, Henry B, Tumkaya T, Khlghatyan J, Dvornik J, Li J, Hsiao JS, Cheon SH, Chung J, Sun Y, Dolmetsch RE, Worringer KA, Ihry RJ. Patient Brain Organoids Identify a Link between the 16p11.2 Copy Number Variant and the RBFOX1 Gene. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3993-4012. [PMID: 37903506 PMCID: PMC10655044 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) that delete or duplicate 30 genes within the 16p11.2 genomic region give rise to a range of neurodevelopmental phenotypes with high penetrance in humans. Despite the identification of this small region, the mechanisms by which 16p11.2 CNVs lead to disease are unclear. Relevant models, such as human cortical organoids (hCOs), are needed to understand the human-specific mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disease. We generated hCOs from 17 patients and controls, profiling 167,958 cells with single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, which revealed neuronal-specific differential expression of genes outside the 16p11.2 region that are related to cell-cell adhesion, neuronal projection growth, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, 16p11.2 deletion syndrome organoids exhibited reduced mRNA and protein levels of RBFOX1, a gene that can also harbor CNVs linked to neurodevelopmental phenotypes. We found that the genes previously shown to be regulated by RBFOX1 are also perturbed in organoids from patients with the 16p11.2 deletion syndrome and thus identified a novel link between independent CNVs associated with neuronal development and autism. Overall, this work suggests convergent signaling, which indicates the possibility of a common therapeutic mechanism across multiple rare neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Kostic
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United
States
| | - Joseph J. Raymond
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United
States
| | - Christophe A. C. Freyre
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United
States
| | - Beata Henry
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United
States
| | - Tayfun Tumkaya
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United
States
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jivan Khlghatyan
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United
States
| | - Jill Dvornik
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United
States
| | - Jingyao Li
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United
States
| | - Jack S. Hsiao
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United
States
| | - Seon Hye Cheon
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United
States
| | - Jonathan Chung
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes
for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yishan Sun
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United
States
| | - Ricardo E. Dolmetsch
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United
States
| | - Kathleen A. Worringer
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United
States
| | - Robert J. Ihry
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, United
States
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Kim HR, Rha SY, Cheon SH, Roh JK, Park YN, Yoo NC. Clinical features and treatment outcomes of advanced stage primary hepatic angiosarcoma. Ann Oncol 2009; 20:780-7. [PMID: 19179547 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hepatic angiosarcoma is a very rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. While surgical resection has been validated as curative choice, most cases are diagnosed too late for resection. Nonetheless, treatment protocols have not been established and also there are very few reports on the clinical features and treatment outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Among 11,939 patients diagnosed with primary hepatic tumors from January 1985 to December 2007 at two centers, five patients were diagnosed with primary hepatic angiosarcoma. We analyzed patients' demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment modality, and outcomes using imaging, serology, and pathology. RESULTS All five patients were diagnosed at advanced stage with distant metastases. The most common symptom was abdominal pain. The levels of the tumor markers were within the normal range and serological tests were negative for hepatitis B and C viruses. Two of four patients who received chemotherapy died <3 months after diagnosis, but the other two patients survived >6 months. CONCLUSIONS A combination of chemotherapy resulted in an improved outcome for two of four patients, suggesting the potential usefulness of palliative chemotherapy to improve survival. This case study may aid in planning chemotherapy for patients with advanced hepatic angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-Ku, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SJ, Cheon SH, Yoo SJ, Kwon J, Park JH, Kim CG, Rhee K, You S, Lee JY, Roh SI, Yoon HS. Retraction notice to "Contribution of the PI3K/Akt/PKB signal pathway to maintenance of self-renewal in human embryonic stem cells" [FEBS Lett. 579 (2005) 534-540]. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:1529. [PMID: 16521304 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kim SJ, Cheon SH, Yoo SJ, Kwon J, Park JH, Kim CG, Rhee K, You S, Lee JY, Roh SI, Yoon HS. RETRACTED: Contribution of the PI3K/Akt/PKB signal pathway to maintenance of self-renewal in human embryonic stem cells. FEBS Lett 2004; 579:534-40. [PMID: 15642372 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) is generally included in the media for maintenance of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), the action of FGF2 in these cells has not been well defined. Here, we determined the roles of FGF2 in maintaining hESC self-renewal. Withdrawal of FGF2 from the media led to acquisition of typical differentiated characteristics in hESCs. In the presence of FGF2, which is normally required for proliferation in an undifferentiated state, inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/PKB signal stimulated differentiation and attenuated the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. We suggest that FGF2 maintains hESC self-renewal by supporting stable expression of ECM molecules through activation of the PI3K/Akt/PKB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jong Kim
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, MizMedi Hospital, 701-4 Naebalsandong, Kangseogu, Seoul 157-280, South Korea
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5
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Cheon SH, Park JS, Lee JY, Lee YN, Yi H, Chung BH, Choi BG, Cho WJ, Choi SU, Lee CO. Structure-activity relationship studies of isoquinolinone type anticancer agent. Arch Pharm Res 2001; 24:276-80. [PMID: 11534756 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Substituted isoquinolin-1-ones (1) were synthesized to test their in vitro anticancer activity. 3-Biphenyl-N-methylisoquinolin-1-one (7) showed the most potent anticancer activity against five different human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Cheon
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea.
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6
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Kim MJ, Oh JM, Cheon SH, Cheong TK, Lee SH, Choi EO, Lee HG, Park CS, Park KH. Thermal inactivation kinetics and application of phospho- and galactolipid-degrading enzymes for evaluation of quality changes in frozen vegetables. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49:2241-2248. [PMID: 11368583 DOI: 10.1021/jf001379b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-acyl hydrolases (LAHases) play significant roles in lipid degradation during the storage of vegetables. In particular, spinach contains a large portion of galactolipids (59.5%) and phospholipids (22.4%) among its fat-soluble components, which are used as substrates for LAHases. Thermal inactivation of various LAHases, including phospholipases A, C, and D, phosphatase, and galactolipase, from spinach and carrot was investigated to optimize the blanching process prior to the frozen storage of vegetables. Thermostability of phospholipase C or galactolipase was greatest among the LAHases from both spinach and carrot. Galactolipase from spinach exhibited a D value of 3.39 x 10(2) s at 80 degrees C and a z value of 8.21 degrees C, whereas phospholipase C from spinach showed D(80) of 1.72 x 10(2) s with a z value of 9.26 degrees C. In the case of LAHases from carrot, the D(65) and z values of galactolipase were 6.66 x 10(2) s and 8.69 degrees C, respectively, whereas phospholipase C displayed D(85) of 3.12 x 10(2) s and a z value of 15.8 degrees C. Highly active and thermostable galactolipase and phospholipase C in spinach and carrot made it possible for them to be used as indicator enzymes for the determination of quality deterioration of the stored vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Research Center for New Bio-Materials in Agriculture, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon 441-744, South Korea
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7
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Wallis RS, Palaci M, Vinhas S, Hise AG, Ribeiro FC, Landen K, Cheon SH, Song HY, Phillips M, Dietze R, Ellner JJ. A whole blood bactericidal assay for tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2001; 183:1300-3. [PMID: 11262217 DOI: 10.1086/319679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2000] [Revised: 12/04/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The bactericidal activity of orally administered antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs was determined in a whole blood culture model of intracellular infection in which microbial killing reflects the combined effects of drug and immune mechanisms. Rifampin (Rif) was the most active compound studied and reduced the number of viable bacilli by >4 logs. Isoniazid (INH), 2 quinolones, and pyrazinamide (PZA) showed intermediate levels of activity. Ethambutol exerted only a bacteristatic effect; amoxicillin/clavulanate was inactive. The combination of INH-Rif-PZA showed strong activity against 11 drug-sensitive isolates (mean, -3.8 log) but no activity against 12 multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The combination of levofloxacin-PZA-ethambutol had intermediate bactericidal activity against MDR isolates (mean, -1.2 log) but failed to equal that of INH-Rif-PZA against sensitive isolates (P<.001). The whole blood BACTEC method (Becton Dickinson) may be useful for the early clinical evaluation of new anti-TB drugs and in the management of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Wallis
- University of Medicine and Dentistry-New Jersey Medical School, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB I-503, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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8
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Cheon SH, Huh MH, Lee YB, Park JS, Sohn HS, Chung CW. Effect of dietary linoleate/alpha-linolenate balance on the brain lipid composition, reproductive outcome and behavior of rats during their prenatal and postnatal development. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2000; 64:2290-7. [PMID: 11193394 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.64.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the dietary linoleate (LA)/alpha-linolenate (LNA) balance during development on the brain lipid composition, reproductive outcome and behavior of rats was studied. Female rats were fed on experimental diets during pregnancy and the resulting pups for 16 weeks. The dietary LA/LNA ratios were 1.07 (LA1), 2.64 (LA2), 4.45 (LA3), 7.68 (LA4) and 10.35 (LA5). The relative content of docosahexaenoate (DHA) in the brain of pups tended to increase with decreasing LA/LNA ratio at 0 and 3 weeks, while the level of DHA was maintained constant at 16 weeks regardless of the dietary LA/LNA ratio. The learning ability was measured at 12 weeks of age, and there was no difference among the groups. In an open field test, the exploratory index was significantly lower in the LA1 group than in the LA2 group. The LA1 group had a smaller litter size and lower survival rate than the other groups. We conclude that if the diet contained appropriate amounts and balance of LA and LNA, it was possible for rats to synthesize an appropriate amount of DHA and have normal behavioral activity without DHA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Cheon
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Central Research Institute, Dr. Chung's Food Co. Ltd., Choongchungbuk-Do, Korea.
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9
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Abstract
The inflammatory pseudotumor of the urinary bladder is rare, especially in children. It is a benign proliferative lesion of the submucosal stroma easily mistaken for a sarcoma clinically, so it should be differentiated from a malignant neoplasm. We report the case of bladder inflammatory pseudotumor in a 7-year-old girl.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Choi
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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10
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Min KH, Baek SY, Jeon RO, Park HJ, Kim WK, Cheon SH, Suh YG. Design and hypoglycemic activities of 2-alkylglycidate possessing aryloxyalkyl residue. Arch Pharm Res 1999; 22:646-7. [PMID: 10615875 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K H Min
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Korea
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11
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Abstract
Derivatives of elema-1,3-diene were synthesized in several steps as polar analogs of beta-elemene, antitumor agent under clinical phase. The lactone ring of compound 1 was opened by LiAlH4 to give diol 2 which was selectively protected by TBDPSCl. After acetylation of the secondary alcohol, the acetylated product was ozonolyzed and reduced to give elemane derivative 4 which was converted to diolefin 8 via selenides subsequent deprotection by tetrabutylammonium fluoride gave two compounds 9, 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea.
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12
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Wallis RS, Patil S, Cheon SH, Edmonds K, Phillips M, Perkins MD, Joloba M, Namale A, Johnson JL, Teixeira L, Dietze R, Siddiqi S, Mugerwa RD, Eisenach K, Ellner JJ. Drug tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:2600-6. [PMID: 10543735 PMCID: PMC89531 DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.11.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis is eradicated rapidly during therapy in some patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, it can persist for many months in others. This study examined the relationship between mycobacterial drug tolerance (delayed killing in vitro), persistence, and relapse. It was performed with 39 fully drug-susceptible isolates from a prospective trial of standard short-course antituberculous therapy with sputum smear-positive, human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected subjects with pulmonary tuberculosis in Brazil and Uganda. The rate of killing in vitro was determined by monitoring the growth index (GI) in BACTEC 12B medium after addition of drug to established cultures and was measured as the number of days required for 99% sterilization. Drugs differed significantly in bactericidal activity, in the following order from greatest to least, rifampin > isoniazid-ethambutol > ethambutol (P < 0.001). Isolates from subjects who had relapses (n = 2) or in whom persistence was prolonged (n = 1) were significantly more tolerant of isoniazid-ethambutol and rifampin than isolates from other subjects (P < 0.01). More generally, the duration of persistence during therapy was predicted by strain tolerance to isoniazid and rifampin (P = 0.012 and 0.026, respectively). Tolerance to isoniazid-ethambutol and tolerance to rifampin were highly correlated (P < 0.001). Tolerant isolates did not differ from others with respect to the MIC of isoniazid; the rate of killing of a tolerant isolate by isoniazid-ethambutol was not increased at higher drug concentrations. These observations suggest that tolerance may not be due to drug-specific mechanisms. Tolerance was of the phenotypic type, although increased tolerance appeared to emerge after prolonged drug exposure in vivo. This study suggests that drug tolerance may be an important determinant of the outcome of therapy for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Wallis
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio, USA.
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13
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Cheon SH, Lee JY, Chung BH, Choi BG, Cho WJ, Kim TS. Studies on the synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity of the isoquinolone derivatives. Arch Pharm Res 1999; 22:179-83. [PMID: 10230509 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
3-Arylisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones (2) are possible bioisosteres of the 5-[4'-(piperidinomethyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]iso quinoline (1) which is in clinical evaluation for the treatment of cancer. Structure-activity relationship studies of 3-arylisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones (2) led to the synthesis of 3-arylquinolin-2(1H)-ones (3). A number of 3-phenyl substituted quinolin-2(1H)-ones were synthesized and tested for their in vitro antitumor activity against four different human tumor cell lines and 3-phenyl-N-benzyl-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one (12) showed the most potent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Cheon
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea.
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14
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Cho WJ, Kim EK, Park MJ, Choi SU, Lee CO, Cheon SH, Choi BG, Chung BH. Synthesis and comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) of antitumor 3-arylisoquinoline derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:2449-58. [PMID: 9925301 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)80019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study a series of 3-arylisoquinoline derivatives were synthesized and cytotoxicity against human melanoma tumor cell evaluated, and a three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship was investigated using the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). The results suggested that the electrostatic, steric and hydrophobic factors of 3-arylisoquinolines were strongly correlated with the antitumor activity. Considerable predictive ability (cross-validated r2 as high as 0.721) was obtained through CoMFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea.
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15
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Aicher TD, Balkan B, Bell PA, Brand LJ, Cheon SH, Deems RO, Fell JB, Fillers WS, Fraser JD, Gao J, Knorr DC, Kahle GG, Leone CL, Nadelson J, Simpson R, Smith HC. Substituted tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazol-5(6H)-ones and tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazol-5(6H)-ones as hypoglycemic agents. J Med Chem 1998; 41:4556-66. [PMID: 9804695 DOI: 10.1021/jm9803121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazol-5(6H)-ones and tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazol-5(6H)-ones was synthesized from amino alcohols or amino thiols and keto acids. A pharmacological model based on the results obtained with these compounds led to the synthesis and evaluation of a series of isoxazoles and other monocyclic compounds. These were evaluated for their ability to enhance glucose utilization in cultured L6 myocytes. The in vivo hypoglycemic efficacy and potency of these compounds were evaluated in a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), the ob/ob mouse. 25a(2S) (SDZ PGU 693) was selected for further pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Aicher
- Metabolic & Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 556 Morris Avenue, Summit, New Jersey 07901, USA
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16
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Cheong H, Ryu SY, Oak MH, Cheon SH, Yoo GS, Kim KM. Studies of structure activity relationship of flavonoids for the anti-allergic actions. Arch Pharm Res 1998; 21:478-80. [PMID: 9875480 DOI: 10.1007/bf02974647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure activity relationship of flavonoids for anti-allergic actions was studied by determining the IC50 values for the degranulation. The hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells (degranulation marker) was employed as an estimate for the anti-allergic actions. Among 22 flavonoid compounds tested, luteolin, apigenin, diosmetin, fisetin, and quercetin were found to be most active with IC50 values less than 10 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cheong
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwang-Ju, Korea
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17
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Cheon SH, Park JS, Chung BH, Choi BG, Cho WJ, Choi SU, Lee CO. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of substituted isoquinoline analogs as antitumor agent. Arch Pharm Res 1998; 21:193-7. [PMID: 9875430 DOI: 10.1007/bf02974027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A number of substituted isoquinolin-1-ones, possible bioisosteres of the 5-aryl substituted 2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolines, were synthesized and tested for their antitumor activity against five different human tumor cell lines. O-(3-hydroxypropyl) substituted compound (15) exhibited the best antitumor activity which is 3-5 times better than 5-[4'-(piperidinomethyl) phenyl]-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Cheon
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea
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18
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Abstract
Several aniline mustard analogues were obtained by introducing N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino moiety to phenyl ring of A10 analogues in order to increase reactivity of A10 analogs and selectivity into DNA. The in vitro antitumor activity of synthesized compounds was evaluated using five different solid tumor cell lines by SRB method. Aniline mustard analogues exhibited more potent antitumor activity than A10 analogs. Especially, m-aniline mustard of benzoyl analogue displayed remarkable antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Houlihan
- Charles A. Dana Research Institute for Scientists Emeriti, Drew University, Madison, New Jersey 07940-4000, USA
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20
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Abstract
A series of 5-aryl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolines previously reported to be platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonists were evaluated for potential antitumor activity. Several compounds, such as the 5-(4'-tert-butylphenyl) (65), 5-[4'-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl] (69), and 5-(4'-cyclohexylphenyl) (71) analogs showed very good cytotoxicity against several tumor cell lines. 5-[4'-(Piperidinomethyl)phenyl]-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1- a]isoquinoline (SDZ 62-434, 53) was more effective on a milligram per kilogram basis than the clinical cytostatic agent edelfosine (1) in increasing survivors and decreasing tumor volume in the oral mouse Meth A fibrosarcoma assay. It was selected for further development and is currently in phase I clinical trials in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Houlihan
- Sandoz Research Institute, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936
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21
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Suh HW, Song DK, Choi YS, Cheon SH, Kim YH. Differential effects of intrathecally injected galanin on antinociception induced by beta-endorphin and morphine administered intracerebroventricularly in mice. Neuropeptides 1994; 26:297-303. [PMID: 7520552 DOI: 10.1016/0143-4179(94)90114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of intrathecal (i.t.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) treatments with galanin on inhibition of the tail-flick and paw-licking hot-plate responses induced by beta-endorphin and morphine administered i.c.v. were studied in ICR mice. Galanin (100 ng) given i.t. effectively antagonized inhibition of the tail-flick response induced by i.c.v. administered beta-endorphin (1 microgram) but not morphine (1 microgram). However, the same dose of galanin given i.t. did not affect inhibition of the hot-plate response induced by beta-endorphin and morphine administered i.c.v. Intrathecal treatment with various doses of galanin (0.1-100 ng) dose-dependently antagonized the inhibition of the tail-flick response induced by beta-endorphin administered i.c.v. Galanin (100 ng) in combination with beta-endorphin (1 microgram) or morphine (1 microgram) given i.c.v. did not affect beta-endorphin- or morphine-induced inhibition of the tail-flick and hot-plate responses. It is concluded that galanin given i.t. selectively attenuates i.c.v. beta-endorphin-induced inhibition of the tail-flick response by inhibiting descending epsilon-opioid system activated by supraspinally applied beta-endorphin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Kangwon-Do, Korea
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22
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Cheon SH, Sohn HY, Chang J, Kim SK, Ko EH, Kim SK, Lee WY, Lee DY, Shin DH, Jeong ET. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy in primary non-small cell carcinoma of the lung in Korea. Yonsei Med J 1993; 34:365-70. [PMID: 8128742 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1993.34.4.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometrically determined nuclear DNA content has been measured on 74 formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded specimens of non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. Of the 60 tumors that were successfully analyzed, 32 (53%) were diploid and 28 (47%) were aneuploid. The mean DNA index of aneuploid tumor was 1.5 +/- 0.25, ranging from 1.1 to 2.0. There was no significant correlation between DNA ploidy and the patient's clinical characteristics, histology of tumor, nodal status or tumor stage. Tumor ploidy was not found as a prognostic determinant in non-small cell carcinoma of the lung in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Houlihan WJ, Cheon SH, Parrino VA, Handley DA, Larson DA. Structural modification of 5-aryl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline platelet activating factor receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 1993; 36:3098-102. [PMID: 8230095 DOI: 10.1021/jm00073a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to determine the effect of modification of the imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline portion of the PAF-receptor antagonist SDZ 64-412 (1), several new analogs were prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. One of these, 5-[4-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]phenyl]-2,3-dihydroimidazo [1,2-a]thieno[2,3-c]pyridine (6) was 4-5 times more potent than 1 in inhibiting PAF-induced bronchoconstriction and hemoconcentration when administered po to the guinea pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Houlihan
- Sandoz Research Institute, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936
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24
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Yoon KH, Cho SN, Lee TY, Cheon SH, Chang J, Kim SK, Chong Y, Chung DH, Lee WY, Kim JD. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples from patients with tuberculosis or other pulmonary diseases by polymerase chain reaction. Yonsei Med J 1992; 33:209-16. [PMID: 1292244 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1992.33.3.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers targeting the IS6110 repetitive sequence was employed to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 228 samples from patients with tuberculosis or other pulmonary diseases and controls, and the results were compared with culture and clinical findings. None of culture negative samples from 17 healthy controls were PCR positive. Of 109 active tuberculosis patients under chemotherapy, 88 (80.7%) were PCR positive and were significantly higher than 63 (57.8%) positive by culture. Fifty-nine (93.7) of 63 culture positive and 29 (63.0%) of 46 culture negative specimens contained M. tuberculosis detectable by PCR. In 41 specimens from inactive tuberculosis patients who visited to the chest clinic because of chest problems, 16 (39.0%) also gave PCR positive results. In addition, 14 (46.7%) of 30 specimens submitted for M. tuberculosis culture from patients with pulmonary diseases were PCR positive. Presumptive diagnosis of these PCR positive patients was bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma, etc. Therefore, this study suggests that PCR is sensitive and specific in detecting M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens. However, the interpretation of the PCR results in specimens from patients with pulmonary diseases should be done cautiously in areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Yoon
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Houlihan WJ, Cheon SH, Handley DA, Larson DA. Synthesis and pharmacology of a novel class of long-lasting PAF receptor antagonists. J Lipid Mediat 1991; 3:91-9. [PMID: 1662991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several new charged PAF receptor antagonists were prepared, where the phosphate moiety has been replaced by a methylsulfonylcarbamoylpyridinium moiety, and evaluated for duration of inhibitory activity against PAF-induced bronchoconstriction and hemoconcentration in the guinea pig. One of these compounds (1d; SDZ 64-619) has shown potency and duration of inhibition in the range of CV-6209 (1c).
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Houlihan
- Sandoz Research Institute, East Hanover, NJ 07936
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26
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Houlihan WJ, Lee ML, Munder PG, Winslow CM, Cheon SH, D'Aries FJ, DeLillo AK, Jaeggi CS, Mason RB, Parrino VA. Cyclic oxygen analogues of alkyl-lysophospholipids. Synthesis and neoplastic cell growth inhibitory properties. J Lipid Mediat 1990; 2:295-307. [PMID: 2133273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ether phospholipids have demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo activity against a wide variety of tumor cell lines. The known cyclic ether phospholipid, SRI 62-834, was used as the model to prepare eight novel phospholipids containing a cyclic ether. All of the compounds were as effective as ET-18-OCH3 in their ability to activate macrophage-induced cytotoxicity against the Abelson-8.1 tumor cell line but varied in their direct cytotoxic effects. One of the new compounds, SDZ 62-406, was selected for in vivo studies and showed oral and i.v. activity in the mouse MethA fibrosarcoma model in the same range as ET-18-OCH3. No correlation was found between the direct or macrophage-activated cytotoxicity and the ability of the compounds to inhibit or promote platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced aggregation of human platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Houlihan
- Sandoz Research Institute, East Hanover, NJ 07936
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