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Reeves K, Job S, Blackwell C, Sanchez K, Carter S, Taliaferro L. Provider cultural competence and humility in healthcare interactions with transgender and nonbinary young adults. J Nurs Scholarsh 2024; 56:18-30. [PMID: 38228567 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) patients experience many barriers when seeking quality healthcare services, including ineffective communication and negative relationships with their providers as well as a lack of provider competence (including knowledge, training, and experience) and humility (engagement in the process of self-reflection and self-critique) in treating TGNB individuals. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify factors associated with cultural competence and humility that facilitate and impede effective relationships between TGNB young adults and their healthcare providers. METHODS Data came from individual interviews with 60 young adults aged 18 to 24 from Florida who self-identified as transgender or nonbinary. We analyzed the data using inductive thematic approaches, and a feminist perspective, to identify themes associated with patient-provider relationships. CONCLUSIONS We identified 4 themes related to patient-provider relationships: (1) Participants indicated effective patient-provider communication and relationships are facilitated by providers requesting and utilizing TGNB patients' correct names and personal pronouns. (2) Participant narratives conveyed their preferences that providers "follow their lead" in terms of how they described their own anatomy, reinforcing the utility of cultural humility as an approach for interactions with TGNB patients (3) Participants discussed the detrimental effects of TGNB patients having to educate their own providers about their identities and needs, suggesting clinicians' competence regarding gender diversity is paramount to fostering and maintaining patient comfort. (4) Finally, participants' responses indicated concerns regarding the confidentiality and privacy of the information they provided to their providers, suggesting a lack of trust detrimental to the process of building rapport between patients and their providers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings indicate balancing the use of cultural humility and cultural competence during clinical encounters with TGNB young adults can enhance patients' experiences seeking healthcare. Nursing education is often devoid of focus on caring for transgender and nonbinary persons. Additional provider training and education on approaching clinical encounters with TGNB patients with cultural humility and competence should improve patient-provider communication and relationships, leading to a higher quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli Reeves
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah Job
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Christopher Blackwell
- Department of Nursing Practice, College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Kyle Sanchez
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Shannon Carter
- Department of Sociology, College of Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsay Taliaferro
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Kapelios C, Tseliou E, Alharethi R, Shah K, Hanff T, Kyriakopoulos C, Sideris K, Taleb I, Stehlik J, Carter S, Kfoury A, Caine W, Selzman C, Fang J, Wever-Pinzon O, Drakos S. Impaired Liver Function is Associated with Hypotension and Elevated Right Atrial Pressure but Not Depressed Cardiac Index in Chronic Heart Failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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3
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Kyriakopoulos C, Giannouchos T, Mylavarapu R, Krauspe E, Sheffield E, Sideris K, Elmer A, Vance N, Carter S, Hanff T, Wever-Pinzon O, Stehlik J, Selzman C, Drakos S, Goodwin M. Hospital Readmissions in Patients Supported with Durable Centrifugal-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Watkins JD, Carter S, Atkinson G, Koumanov F, Betts JA, Holst JJ, Gonzalez JT. Glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in people with versus without type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. Metabolism 2023; 140:155375. [PMID: 36502882 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the study findings on whether GLP-1 secretion in response to a meal tolerance test is affected by the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The influence of putative moderators such as age, sex, meal type, meal form, and assay type were also explored. METHODS A literature search identified 32 relevant studies. The sample mean and SD for fasting GLP-1TOTAL and GLP-1TOTAL iAUC were extracted and used to calculate between-group standardised mean differences (SMD), which were meta-analysed using a random-effects model to derive pooled estimates of Hedges' g and 95 % prediction intervals (PI). RESULTS Pooled across 18 studies, the overall SMD in GLP-1TOTAL iAUC between individuals with T2D (n = 270, 1047 ± 930 pmol·L-1·min) and individuals without T2D (n = 402, 1204 ± 937 pmol·L-1·min) was very small, not statistically significant and heterogenous across studies (g = -0.15, p = 0.43, PI: -1.53, 1.23). Subgroup analyses demonstrated an effect of assay type whereby Hedges' g for GLP-1 iAUC was greater in individuals with, versus those without T2D when using ELISA or Mesoscale (g = 0.67 [moderate], p = 0.009), but not when using RIA (g = -0.30 [small], p = 0.10). Pooled across 30 studies, the SMD in fasting GLP-1TOTAL between individuals with T2D (n = 580, 16.2 ± 6.9 pmol·L-1) versus individuals without T2D (n = 1363, 12.4 ± 5.7 pmol·L-1) was small and heterogenous between studies (g = 0.24, p = 0.21, PI: -1.55, 2.02). CONCLUSIONS Differences in fasting GLP-1TOTAL and GLP-1TOTAL iAUC between individuals with, versus those without T2D were generally small and inconsistent between studies. Factors influencing study heterogeneity such as small sample sizes and poor matching of groups may help to explain the wide prediction intervals observed. Considerations to improve comparisons of GLP-1 secretion in T2D and potential mediating factors more important than T2D diagnosis per se are outlined. PROSPERO ID CRD42020195612.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Watkins
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, UK.
| | - S Carter
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, UK
| | - G Atkinson
- Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - F Koumanov
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, UK
| | - J A Betts
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, UK
| | - J J Holst
- Biomedical Sciences, Endocrinology Research Section, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J T Gonzalez
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, Department for Health, University of Bath, UK.
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Carter S, Fellows BJ, Gibson K, Bicknell LS. Extending the PAX1 spectrum: a dominantly inherited variant causes oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:1178-1181. [PMID: 35879406 PMCID: PMC9553880 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome (OAVS) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder, with both genetic and environmental contributors. Multiple genes have been associated with OAVS and common molecular pathways, such as retinoic acid and the PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH (PSED) network, are being implicated in the disease pathophysiology. Biallelic homozygous nonsense or hypomorphic missense mutations in PAX1 cause otofaciocervical syndrome type 2 (OTFCS2), a similar but more severe multi-system disorder that can be accompanied by severe combined immunodeficiency due to thymic aplasia. Here we have identified a multi-generational family with mild features of OAVS segregating a heterozygous frameshift in PAX1. The four base duplication is expected to result in nonsense-mediated decay, and therefore cause a null allele. While there was full penetrance of the variant, expressivity of facial and ear features were variable. Our findings indicate there can be monoallelic and biallelic disorders associated with PAX1, and further implicate the PSED network in OAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Carter
- grid.414299.30000 0004 0614 1349Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Bridget J. Fellows
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kate Gibson
- grid.414299.30000 0004 0614 1349Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Louise S. Bicknell
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Holroyd CR, Carter S, Crozier SR, D'Angelo S, Curtis EM, Moon RJ, Davies JH, Ward KA, Dennison EM, Inskip HM, Godfrey KM, Cooper C, Harvey NC. Differential relationships between parent-child DXA and pQCT bone measures: Results from the Southampton Women's Survey. Bone 2021; 153:116134. [PMID: 34332160 PMCID: PMC7611825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the associations between indices of bone health in childhood and corresponding parental measures. METHODS The Southampton Women's Survey characterised 12,583 non-pregnant women aged 20-34 years; 3158 subsequently had singleton live births. In a subset, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) lumbar spine and total hip were obtained in the parent/offspring (aged 8-9 years) trios. Another subset of children (aged 6-7 years), and their parents, had peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT; 4% and 38% tibia) measures. Using multivariable linear regression we examined relationships between mother/father and offspring, adjusting for parental age, habitual walking speed and education; offspring age and sex; and the corresponding bone measure in the other parent (β-coefficients (95%CI) unit/unit for each bone measure). RESULTS Data were available for 260 trios with DXA and 99 with pQCT. There were positive associations for BA, BMC and aBMD between either parent and offspring. Mother-child associations were of greater magnitude than father-child; for example, mother-child aBMD (β = 0.26 g·cm-2/g·cm-2 (0.21,0.32)) and father-child aBMD (β = 0.16 g·cm-2/g·cm-2 (0.11,0.21)), P-difference in β = 0.007. In the subset with pQCT there was a positive association for mother-offspring 4% tibial total area (β = 0.33 mm2/mm2 (0.17,0.48)), but little evidence of a father-offspring association (β = -0.06 mm2/mm2 (-0.17,0.06)). In contrast offspring 38% cortical density was more strongly associated with this measure in fathers (β = 0.48 mg·cm-3/mg·cm-3 (0.15,0.82)) than mothers (β = 0.27 mg·cm-3/mg·cm-3 (-0.03,0.56)). In general mother-father differences were attenuated by adjustment for height. CONCLUSIONS Whilst offspring bone measures are independently associated with those of either parent, the magnitude of the association is often greater for maternal than paternal relationships. These findings are consistent with an in utero influence on offspring growth but might also reflect genetic and/or epigenetic parent of origin effects. SUMMARY In an established parent-offspring cohort, associations between parent and offspring bone indices were generally greater in magnitude for mother-offspring than father-offspring relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Holroyd
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - S Carter
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S R Crozier
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S D'Angelo
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E M Curtis
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - R J Moon
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - J H Davies
- Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - K A Ward
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - H M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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Carter S, van Rees CB, Hand BK, Muhlfeld CC, Luikart G, Kimball JS. Testing a Generalizable Machine Learning Workflow for Aquatic Invasive Species on Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Northwest Montana. Front Big Data 2021; 4:734990. [PMID: 34734177 PMCID: PMC8558495 DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2021.734990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are accelerating worldwide, causing major ecological and economic impacts in aquatic ecosystems. The urgent decision-making needs of invasive species managers can be better met by the integration of biodiversity big data with large-domain models and data-driven products. Remotely sensed data products can be combined with existing invasive species occurrence data via machine learning models to provide the proactive spatial risk analysis necessary for implementing coordinated and agile management paradigms across large scales. We present a workflow that generates rapid spatial risk assessments on aquatic invasive species using occurrence data, spatially explicit environmental data, and an ensemble approach to species distribution modeling using five machine learning algorithms. For proof of concept and validation, we tested this workflow using extensive spatial and temporal hybridization and occurrence data from a well-studied, ongoing, and climate-driven species invasion in the upper Flathead River system in northwestern Montana, USA. Rainbow Trout (RBT; Oncorhynchus mykiss), an introduced species in the Flathead River basin, compete and readily hybridize with native Westslope Cutthroat Trout (WCT; O. clarkii lewisii), and the spread of RBT individuals and their alleles has been tracked for decades. We used remotely sensed and other geospatial data as key environmental predictors for projecting resultant habitat suitability to geographic space. The ensemble modeling technique yielded high accuracy predictions relative to 30-fold cross-validated datasets (87% 30-fold cross-validated accuracy score). Both top predictors and model performance relative to these predictors matched current understanding of the drivers of RBT invasion and habitat suitability, indicating that temperature is a major factor influencing the spread of invasive RBT and hybridization with native WCT. The congruence between more time-consuming modeling approaches and our rapid machine-learning approach suggest that this workflow could be applied more broadly to provide data-driven management information for early detection of potential invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carter
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - C B van Rees
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT, United States
| | - B K Hand
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT, United States
| | - C C Muhlfeld
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT, United States.,U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Glacier National Park, West Glacier, MT, United States.,Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - G Luikart
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT, United States
| | - J S Kimball
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.,Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, WA Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
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Kashetsky N, Mukovozov IM, Pereira J, Manion R, Carter S, Alhusayen R. Patient experiences with hidradenitis suppurativa: the Hidradenitis Patient Experience survey. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:72-79. [PMID: 34235774 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better understanding of the experience of people living with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is essential to identify gaps in current patient care and inform healthcare decision-making. AIM To describe the patient experience of individuals with HS, including their path to diagnosis, symptom control, treatments, healthcare utilization, patient needs and impact on quality of life. METHODS The Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patient Experience survey was created, extensively reviewed and disseminated through engaging HS-related patient organizations, physician groups and social media groups. RESULTS In total, 537 respondents completed the survey; the mean age was 38 years (range 14-73 years) and 95% (510 of 537) were female. The mean number of treatment types per respondent was 15, and included antibacterial soaps (93.3%; 431 of 462), avoidance of tight clothing (90.9%; 419 of 462), use of oral antibiotics (79.7%; 368 of 462), nonprescription drugs (79.7%; 368 of 462) and topical antibiotics (77.1%; 356 of 262). Pain was poorly controlled in 46% of respondents (184 of 401). HS had a negative impact on the ability to work and attend school for 81% of respondents (337 of 415), with 59% (245 of 415) missing at least 2 days of work a month and 16% (66 of 415) missing > 11 days of work. The mean number of misdiagnoses per respondent was three and the median time to diagnosis was 10 years. CONCLUSION Individuals with HS experience a delay in diagnosis and have suboptimal control of the disease. We propose 11 recommendations to improve diagnosis, treatment and quality of life for individuals living with HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kashetsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - I M Mukovozov
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Pereira
- JRL Research & Consulting Inc, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - R Manion
- Canadian Skin Patient Alliance, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - R Alhusayen
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bjorkman C, Carter S, Amin A, Joshi P. Moderate Association of Coronary Artery Calcium and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Heart Transplant Recipients on Non-Gated CT. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Pope CE, Vo AT, Hayden HS, Weiss EJ, Durfey S, McNamara S, Ratjen A, Grogan B, Carter S, Nay L, Parsek MR, Singh PK, McKone EF, Aitken ML, Rosenfeld MR, Hoffman LR. Changes in fecal microbiota with CFTR modulator therapy: A pilot study. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:742-746. [PMID: 33390317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that people with CF with pancreatic insufficiency (PI) have fecal dysbioses. Evidence suggests the causes of these dysbioses are multifactorial, and that important drivers include antibiotic exposure, dietary intake, and CF gastrointestinal tract dysfunction, including nutrient malabsorption. In this pilot study, we tested whether initiation of the CFTR modulator treatments ivacaftor (in a cohort of pancreatic sufficient (PS) people with CF and an R117H CFTR variant) or lumacaftor/ivacaftor (in a cohort of PI people with CF and an F508del variant) changed fecal measures of malabsorption or fecal microbiomes. While we identified no statistically significant fecal changes with either treatment, we detected trends in the PI cohort when initiating lumacaftor/ivacaftor towards decreased fecal fat content and towards fecal microbiomes that more closely resembled the fecal microbiota of people without PI. While these findings support a model in which nutrient malabsorption resulting from CF-induced PI drives fecal dysbiosis, they must be validated in future, larger studies of fecal microbiome and malabsorption outcomes with highly effective CFTR modulator therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Pope
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - A T Vo
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - E J Weiss
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - S Durfey
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - A Ratjen
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - B Grogan
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Carter
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Nay
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - P K Singh
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - E F McKone
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Arrow P, Piggott S, Carter S, McPhee R, Atkinson D, Mackean T, Kularatna S, Tonmukayakul U, Brennan D, Nanda S, Palmer D, Jamieson L. Atraumatic Restorative Treatments in Australian Aboriginal Communities: A Cluster-randomized Trial. JDR Clin Trans Res 2020; 6:430-439. [PMID: 33016169 DOI: 10.1177/2380084420963949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The management of early childhood caries (ECC) is challenging. OBJECTIVES A model of care based on Atraumatic Restorative Treatment and the Hall Technique (ART-HT) to manage ECC was evaluated among remote Aboriginal communities in Australia. METHODS Aboriginal communities in the North-West of Western Australia were invited to participate and consenting communities were randomized into early or delayed intervention for the management of ECC. Children were examined at baseline and at the 11-mo follow-up. The early intervention group (test) was provided with the ART-based dental care at baseline while the delayed intervention group (control) was advised to seek care through the usual care options available within the community. At follow-up, both groups were examined by calibrated examiners, and were offered care using the ART-HT approach. Changes from baseline to follow-up in caries experience were tested using paired tests. Multivariate analysis after multiple imputation of missing data used generalised estimating equation (GEE) controlling for clustering within communities. RESULTS A total of 25 communities and 338 children (mean age = 3.6 y, SD 1.7) participated in the study (test = 177). At follow-up, 231 children were examined (68% retention, test = 125). At follow-up, children in the test group had more filled teeth (test filled teeth = 1.2, control filled teeth = 0.2, P < 0.001) and decreased levels of decayed teeth (mean test = 0.7 fewer teeth with decay, mean control = 1.0 more tooth with decay, P < 0.001). GEE analysis controlled for baseline caries experience, age, sex, and community water fluoride levels found increased rates of untreated decayed teeth (RR = 1.4, P = 0.02) and decreased rates of filled teeth (RR = 0.2, P < 0.001) at follow-up among the control group. CONCLUSION A model of care relying on the principles of minimally invasive atraumatic approaches enabled the delivery of effective dental services to young children (<6 y) in remote Aboriginal Australian communities resulting in increased levels of care and improved oral health. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT This cluster-randomized trial tested a multi-component model of dental care to young children with ECC in remote Aboriginal communities in Australia. The intervention, based on the atraumatic approaches using minimally invasive techniques encompassing preventive care, Atraumatic Restorative Treatment and the Hall Technique (ART-HT), delivered more restorative care and reduced the incidence of caries. This model of care was more effective than available standard care and should be incorporated into mainstream service delivery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arrow
- Western Australia Dental Health Services, Research and Evaluation, Health Department of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Piggott
- Western Australia Dental Health Services, Research and Evaluation, Health Department of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - S Carter
- Western Australia Dental Health Services, Research and Evaluation, Health Department of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R McPhee
- Kimberley Aboriginal Medical Services, Broome, Australia
| | - D Atkinson
- Rural Clinical School of Western Australia, University of Western Australia, Broome, Australia
| | - T Mackean
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Kularatna
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - U Tonmukayakul
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Brennan
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Nanda
- Health Department Western Australia, Office of Chief Dental Officer, Perth, Australia
| | - D Palmer
- Community Development, Community Development, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - L Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Hernández-Vara J, Sáez-Francàs N, Lorenzo-Bosquet C, Corominas-Roso M, Cuberas-Borròs G, Lucas-Del Pozo S, Carter S, Armengol-Bellapart M, Castell-Conesa J. BDNF levels and nigrostriatal degeneration in “drug naïve” Parkinson's disease patients. An “in vivo” study using I-123-FP-CIT SPECT. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 78:31-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Trappe A, Useckaite Z, Ward M, Davage H, Lennon J, Carter S, McKone E, Donnelly S, McNally P, Coppinger J. ePS3.02 Increased extracellular vesicles mediate inflammatory signalling in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Litwic AE, Westbury LD, Carter S, Ward KA, Cooper C, Dennison EM. Self-perceived Fracture Risk in the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women: Its Correlates and Relationship with Bone Microarchitecture. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:625-636. [PMID: 32140759 PMCID: PMC7188698 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine correlates of self-perceived fracture risk (SPR) and relationships between SPR and subsequent bone density and microarchitecture in the UK arm of the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women. 3912 women completed baseline questionnaires detailing medical history and SPR; 492 underwent HRpQCT scans of the radius and tibia and DXA scans of total body, hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine a median of 7.5 years later. Correlates of SPR were examined and a cluster analysis of potential predictors of SPR performed. SPR in relation to HRpQCT and aBMD parameters was examined using linear regression with and without adjustment for anthropometric, demographic and lifestyle covariates. Mean (SD) baseline age was 69.0 (9.0) years; 56.6% reported a similar SPR; 28.6% lower SPR; 14.9% higher SPR compared to women of similar age. In mutually-adjusted analysis, higher SPR was associated (p < 0.05) with: lower physical activity and educational attainment; use of anti-osteoporosis medications (AOM) and calcium supplements; greater number of falls in the previous year; history of fracture since aged 45; family history of hip fracture; and increased comorbidity. Higher SPR, history of fracture, and use of AOM, calcium and vitamin D clustered together. Even after adjustments that included AOM use, higher SPR was associated with: lower radial trabecular volumetric density and number, and higher trabecular separation; lower tibial cortical area and trabecular volumetric density; and lower aBMD at the femoral neck. Despite greater AOM use, women with higher baseline SPR had poorer subsequent bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Litwic
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - L D Westbury
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S Carter
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - K A Ward
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- MRC Nutrition and Bone Health Research Group, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E M Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Hynes J, MacMillan A, Fernandez S, Jacob K, Carter S, Predham S, Etchegary H, Dawson L. Group plus "mini" individual pre-test genetic counselling sessions for hereditary cancer shorten provider time and improve patient satisfaction. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2020; 18:3. [PMID: 32099586 PMCID: PMC7029530 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-020-0136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic counselling (GC) is an integral component in the care of individuals at risk for hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS). In many jurisdictions, access to timely counselling and testing is limited by financial constraints, by the shortage of genetics professionals and by labor-intensive traditional models of individual pre and post-test counselling. There is a need for further research regarding alternate methods of GC service delivery and implementation. This quality improvement project was initiated to determine if pretest group GC followed immediately by a 'mini' individual session, would be acceptable to patients at risk for hereditary breast and colon cancer. METHODS Patients on waitlists for GC at the Provincial Medical Genetics Program in St. John's, NL, Canada (n = 112), were contacted by telephone and offered the option of a group counselling session (GGC), followed by a "mini" individual session, versus (TGC) traditional private appointments. GGC sessions consisted of a cancer genetics information session given to groups of 6-20 followed by brief 20 min "mini" individual sessions with the patient and genetic specialist. TGC individual appointments provided the same cancer genetics information and counselling to one patient at a time in the classic model. All but 2 participants selected group+mini session. A de-identified confidential 12-item, Likert scale survey was distributed at the conclusion of mini-sessions to measure perceptions of GGC and satisfaction with this counselling model. RESULTS Sixty participants completed questionnaires. The majority of participants strongly agreed that they were comfortable with the group session (58/60); the explanation of cancer genetics was clear (54/59); they understood their cancer risks (50/60); and they would recommend such a session to others (56/59). 38/53 respondents disagreed or strongly disagreed that they would prefer to wait for a traditional private appointment. All 5 participating genetic counselors reported a preference for this model. At the end of the pilot project, the waitlist for counselling/testing was reduced by 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Group pre-test genetic counselling combined with immediate "mini" individual session is strongly supported by patients and reduces wait times. Additional formal investigation of this approach in larger numbers of patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Hynes
- Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
| | - Andrée MacMillan
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Health Sciences Centre, Eastern Health Authority, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
| | - Sara Fernandez
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Health Sciences Centre, Eastern Health Authority, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
| | - Karen Jacob
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Health Sciences Centre, Eastern Health Authority, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
| | - Shannon Carter
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Health Sciences Centre, Eastern Health Authority, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
| | - Sarah Predham
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Health Sciences Centre, Eastern Health Authority, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
| | - Holly Etchegary
- Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
| | - Lesa Dawson
- Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador Canada
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Peacock M, Paterson J, Reed L, Davies S, Carter S, Coe A, Clarkson J. Innovation in Fischer–Tropsch: Developing Fundamental Understanding to Support Commercial Opportunities. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this contribution we provide details of the BP-Johnson Matthey proprietary Fischer–Tropsch technology and the advanced CANS reactor and catalyst system. The advanced CANS catalyst carrier reactor provides superior heat transfer, reduced pressure drop and higher productivity that lead to major economic savings. Fundamental understanding of catalyst behaviour is also key to obtaining a catalyst that is stable over the lifetime of its use. Synthesis, calcination and reduction steps introduce changes in the catalyst properties prior to syngas introduction. In particular, the presence of water can affect the final catalyst performance. The activity of a good catalyst can be significantly reduced by a sub-optimal activation or start-up. Similarly, stable operation and minimising deactivation are vital for long and stable catalyst life, with years of operation without requiring regeneration. In this report we also share a fundamental study on the catalyst activation across different catalyst supports. This combines advanced in situ techniques with reactor testing to explore the role of the support on catalyst performance. The results illustrate the critical need for a logical and systematic catalyst development programme to explore these effects to optimise the whole FT process. The combination of a joint approach in development plays a key role in a long term success in a process. The fundamental catalyst understanding, optimisation and improvements in combination with the novel CANS reactor design maximise their potential and offer the potential for a world leading technology.
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Tong B, Rollo C, Carter S, Carberry J, Martins R, Osman A, Eckert D. An investigation into the differences in the phenotypic causes of obstructive sleep apnoea in obese versus non-obese people. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Carter S, Carberry J, Grunstein R, Eckert D. High dose zopiclone does not change OSA severity, the respiratory arousal threshold, genioglossus muscle responsiveness or next-day sleepiness and alertness in selected people with OSA. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Carter S, Keogan B, O'Reilly P, Coughlan S, Cooke G, De Gascun C, Gallagher C, McKone E. P176 Detection of respiratory viruses in cystic fibrosis: comparison of nasal FLOQ Swabs™ and sputum using the FilmArray® platform. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [PMCID: PMC7129069 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30470-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Carter S, Clifton PM, Keogh JP. Flash glucose monitoring for the safe use of a 2-day intermittent energy restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes at risk of hypoglycaemia: An exploratory study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 151:138-145. [PMID: 30959146 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Two medication change protocols were tested, both based on haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), with one protocol also accounting for hypoglycaemic events. The aim was to compare the two protocols during intermittent energy restriction (5:2 diet). METHODS Forty-two adults with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 7% [53 mmol/mol], BMI of ≥27 kg/m2) treated with sulphonylureas and/or insulin were recruited and randomised 1:1 to fixed or adjusted medication protocols. Participants experiencing hypoglycaemia during a 2-week usual diet period then followed the 5:2 diet for 2 weeks (2 non-consecutive very-low-calorie days [500-600 kcal] and 5 habitual eating days/week), following the allocated medication protocol. The primary outcome was to determine if the adjusted protocol was superior to the fixed protocol at reducing hypoglycaemic events during the 5:2 diet. Flash glucose monitoring was used throughout to detect hypoglycaemia. RESULTS There was a significant difference in change in the number of hypoglycaemic events between fixed and adjusted protocols (-1.0 vs. -3.5; P = 0.04). Over 60% of participants on the adjusted protocol had no hypoglycaemic events. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrates the importance of assessing the risk of hypoglycaemia before starting a 5:2 diet and that the adjusted medication protocol is likely the best option for patients at risk. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY This study has been registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) www.anzctr.org.au and given the registration number ACTRN12617000512325.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carter
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P M Clifton
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - J P Keogh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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21
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Carter S, Clifton PM, Keogh JB. The effect of intermittent compared with continuous energy restriction on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: 24-month follow-up of a randomised noninferiority trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 151:11-19. [PMID: 30902672 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the effects of intermittent compared to continuous energy restriction on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Adults (N = 137) with type 2 diabetes (mean [SD] HbA1c level, 7.3% (56 mmol/mol) [1.3%] [14.2 mmol/mol]) were randomised to one of two diets for 12 months. The intermittent group (n = 70) followed a 2100-2500 kJ (500-600 kcal) diet 2 non-consecutive days/week and their usual diet for 5 days/week. The continuous group (n = 67) followed a 5000-6300 kJ (1200-1500 kcal) diet for 7 days/week. Follow-up occurred at 24 months, 12 months after the completed intervention. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c and the secondary outcome was weight loss. RESULTS Intention-to-treat analysis showed an increase in mean [SEM] HbA1c level at 24 months in both the continuous and intermittent groups (0.4% [0.3%] vs 0.1% [0.2%] respectively; P = 0.32) (4.4 [3.3 mmol/mol] vs 1.1 [2.2 mmol/mol]; P = 0.32), with a between-group difference of 0.3% (90% CI, -0.31 to 0.83%) (3.3 mmol/mol [90% CI, -3.2 to 9.1 mmol/mol]) outside the prespecified boundary of ± 0.5% (5.5 mmol/mol), so statistical equivalence was not shown. Weight loss was maintained (P < 0.001) at -3.9 kg [1.1 kg] in both groups at 24 months, with a between-group difference of 0.07 kg (90% CI, -2.5 to 2.6 kg) outside the prespecified boundary of ±2.5 kg. There were no significant differences between groups in body composition, fasting glucose levels, lipid levels, or total medication effect score at 24 months, which remained less than baseline. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective analysis weight loss was maintained but despite this HbA1c increased to above baseline levels in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carter
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Australia
| | - P M Clifton
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Australia.
| | - J B Keogh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Australia
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Roberts S, Miter S, Shukrullah B, Keller B, Lee M, Yurjevic T, Carter S, Pope-Harman A, Lee P, Whitson B. Impact of Lung Allograft Oversizing on Pleural Cavity Expansion in Transplant Recipients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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23
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Duncanson L, Armston J, Disney M, Avitabile V, Barbier N, Calders K, Carter S, Chave J, Herold M, Crowther TW, Falkowski M, Kellner JR, Labrière N, Lucas R, MacBean N, McRoberts RE, Meyer V, Næsset E, Nickeson JE, Paul KI, Phillips OL, Réjou-Méchain M, Román M, Roxburgh S, Saatchi S, Schepaschenko D, Scipal K, Siqueira PR, Whitehurst A, Williams M. The Importance of Consistent Global Forest Aboveground Biomass Product Validation. Surv Geophys 2019; 40:979-999. [PMID: 31395994 PMCID: PMC6647371 DOI: 10.1007/s10712-019-09538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Several upcoming satellite missions have core science requirements to produce data for accurate forest aboveground biomass mapping. Largely because of these mission datasets, the number of available biomass products is expected to greatly increase over the coming decade. Despite the recognized importance of biomass mapping for a wide range of science, policy and management applications, there remains no community accepted standard for satellite-based biomass map validation. The Committee on Earth Observing Satellites (CEOS) is developing a protocol to fill this need in advance of the next generation of biomass-relevant satellites, and this paper presents a review of biomass validation practices from a CEOS perspective. We outline the wide range of anticipated user requirements for product accuracy assessment and provide recommendations for the validation of biomass products. These recommendations include the collection of new, high-quality in situ data and the use of airborne lidar biomass maps as tools toward transparent multi-resolution validation. Adoption of community-vetted validation standards and practices will facilitate the uptake of the next generation of biomass products.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Duncanson
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, 2181 Lefrak Hall, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - J. Armston
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, 2181 Lefrak Hall, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - M. Disney
- Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - V. Avitabile
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - N. Barbier
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD,
CNRS, INRA, Montpellier University, TA A51/PS2, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - K. Calders
- CAVElab – Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Room A2.089, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S. Carter
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversit. Biologique, UMR 5174, CNRS, Universit. Toulouse Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - M. Herold
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T. W. Crowther
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Univeritätstrasse 16, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Falkowski
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - J. R. Kellner
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - N. Labrière
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversit. Biologique, UMR 5174, CNRS, Universit. Toulouse Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - R. Lucas
- Earth Observation and Ecosystem Dynamics Research Group, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales SY23 3DB UK
| | - N. MacBean
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, 701 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - R. E. McRoberts
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Saint Paul, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - V. Meyer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - E. Næsset
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NMBU, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - J. E. Nickeson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/Science Systems and Applications Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Rd #600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA
| | - K. I. Paul
- CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - O. L. Phillips
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - M. Réjou-Méchain
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD,
CNRS, INRA, Montpellier University, TA A51/PS2, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - M. Román
- Earth from Space Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD USA
| | - S. Roxburgh
- CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - S. Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - D. Schepaschenko
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - K. Scipal
- European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - P. R. Siqueira
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 201 Marcus Hall, University of Massachusetts, 100 Natural Resources Road, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - A. Whitehurst
- Arctic Slope Federal Technical Services, 7000 Muirkirk Meadows Dr #100, Laurel, MD 20707 USA
| | - M. Williams
- School of GeoScience, University of Edinburgh, Drummond St, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP UK
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McLaughlin T, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Yee G, Carter S, Cushman SW. Dietary weight loss in insulin-resistant non-obese humans: Metabolic benefits and relationship to adipose cell size. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:62-68. [PMID: 30497926 PMCID: PMC6410738 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Overweight and obesity increase risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, largely through development of insulin resistance. Benefits of dietary weight loss are documented for obese individuals with insulin resistance. Similar benefits have not been shown in overweight individuals. We sought to quantify whether dietary weight loss improves metabolic risk profile in overweight insulin-resistant individuals, and evaluated potential mediators between weight loss and metabolic response. METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy volunteers with BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 underwent detailed metabolic phenotyping including insulin-mediated-glucose disposal, fasting/daylong glucose, insulin, triglycerides, FFA, and cholesterol. Subcutaneous fat biopsies were performed for measurement of adipose cell size. After 14 weeks of hypocaloric diet and 2 weeks of weight maintenance, cardiometabolic measures and biopsies were repeated. Changes in weight, % body fat, waist circumference, adipose cell size and FFA were evaluated as predictors of change in insulin resistance. Weight loss (4.3 kg) yielded significant improvements in insulin resistance and all cardiovascular risk markers except glucose, HDL-C, and LDL-C. Improvement in insulin sensitivity was greater among those with <2 vs >2 cardiovascular risk factors at baseline. Decrease in adipose cell size and waist circumference, but not weight or body fat, independently predicted improvement in insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss yields metabolic health benefits in insulin-resistant overweight adults, even in the absence of classic cardiovascular risk factors. Weight loss-related improvement in insulin sensitivity may be mediated through changes in adipose cell size and/or central distribution of body fat. The insulin-resistant subgroup of overweight individuals should be identified and targeted for dietary weight loss. CLINICAL TRIALS IDENTIFIER NCT00186459.
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Affiliation(s)
- T McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - F Abbasi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - C Lamendola
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - G Yee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - S Carter
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - S W Cushman
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Bay V, Griffiths B, Carter S, Evans NJ, Lenzi L, Bicalho RC, Oikonomou G. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing reveals a polymicrobial nature of complicated claw horn disruption lesions and interdigital phlegmon in dairy cattle. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15529. [PMID: 30341326 PMCID: PMC6195575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness represents an intractable problem for the dairy industry. Complicated claw horn disruption lesions, interdigital hyperplasia, and interdigital phlegmon are important lameness causing foot lesions. Their aetiology is multifactorial, but infectious processes are likely implicated in disease pathogenesis. Our aim was to investigate the bacterial profiles of these lesions using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of samples obtained from 51 cattle across ten farms in the UK. In this study, interdigital hyperplasia, interdigital hyperplasia with signs of interdigital dermatitis, interdigital phlegmon, complicated sole ulcers, complicated toe ulcers lesions, and complicated white line lesions were investigated; corresponding healthy skin control samples were also analysed. All diseased tissues displayed reduced microbial richness and diversity (as described by Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson alpha-diversity indices) compared to their healthy skin control samples. Our results confirm the association of Treponema spp with some of these disorders. Other anaerobic bacteria including Fusobacterium spp., Fastidiosipila spp. and Porphyromonas spp. were implicated in the aetiology of all these lesions with the exception of interdigital hyperplasia. Complicated claw horn disruption lesions, and interdigital phlegmon were found to have similar bacterial profiles. Such sharing of bacterial genera suggests many of the infectious agents detected in these foot lesions are acting opportunistically; this finding could contribute towards future treatment and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bay
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Griffiths
- Department of Livestock Health and Welfare, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Carter
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N J Evans
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L Lenzi
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - G Oikonomou
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Department of Livestock Health and Welfare, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Zimmer AS, Gril B, Steinberg S, Smart D, Gilbert M, Armstrong T, Xiao L, Houston N, Biassou N, Brastianos P, Carter S, Lyden DC, Lipkowitz S, Steeg P. Abstract OT2-06-01: Phase I/II study of T-DM1 alone versus T-DM1 and metronomic temozolomide in secondary prevention of HER2-Positive breast cancer brain metastases following stereotactic radiosurgery. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-ot2-06-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Brain metastases occur in up to 25-40% of HER2+ breast cancer patients. Standard treatment is limited to surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and/or whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), with high levels of recurrence or progression, limiting survival and quality of life in most patients. Our group has demonstrated that low doses of temozolomide (TMZ) administered in a prophylactic, metronomic fashion can significantly prevent development of brain metastases in murine models of breast cancer. Based on these findings, we propose a secondary-prevention clinical trial.
Trial Design: Phase I/II open label study. Phase I will follow a standard 3+3 design: T-DM1 3.6 mg/kg IV every 21 days plus TMZ 30, 40 or 50 mg/m2 daily. Phase II: randomization T-DM1 3.6 mg/kg versus T-DM1 3.6mg/kg plus TMZ at recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Patients will undergo radiology guided lumbar puncture at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment (C3D1) for correlative studies, brain MRI, systemic restaging CTs, and questionnaires for evaluation of symptoms and quality of life (MDASI-BT and PROMIS®) every 6 weeks.
Eligibility: HER2+ breast cancer with ≤3 brain metastases, treated with SRS and/or resection ≤6 weeks before enrollment, no leptomeningeal metastases, no previous WBRT, able to complete brain MRI with contrast evaluations, willing to undergo lumbar puncture, ECOG ≤2 and adequate organ and marrow function. HBV, HCV or HIV-positive patients are ineligible.
Specific Aims: Phase I: to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of TMZ combined with T-DM1. Phase II: to determine if the combination regimen of T-DM1 and TMZ improves the recurrence-free incidence from distant new brain metastases at one year as compared to T-DM1 alone. Biomarkers, including cell free DNA sequencing from CSF, serum and tumor block, serum markers for neuroinflammation, and patient reported outcomes, will be analyzed in an exploratory fashion.
Statistical Methods: Phase I, MTD will be identified based on the dose level at which 0 or 1 patient in 6 has a DLT. Phase II, to test whether TMZ will increase RFS from 50% to 65% at 12 months. RFS Kaplan-Meier curves will be created for each of the randomized arms and compared using a one-tailed log-rank test, with a one-sided 0.10 significance level of interest to be detected. Patients will be stratified for number of brain lesions and status of systemic metastases (controlled or not).
Target Accrual: 49 evaluable patients per arm (total 98), plus 9 to 18 patients during phase I. Trial will open in Summer 2017, at NIH in Bethesda, MD.
Contact Information: Principal Investigator: Alexandra S Zimmer, MD alexandra.zimmer@nih.gov
Citation Format: Zimmer AS, Gril B, Steinberg S, Smart D, Gilbert M, Armstrong T, Xiao L, Houston N, Biassou N, Brastianos P, Carter S, Lyden DC, Lipkowitz S, Steeg P. Phase I/II study of T-DM1 alone versus T-DM1 and metronomic temozolomide in secondary prevention of HER2-Positive breast cancer brain metastases following stereotactic radiosurgery [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-06-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- AS Zimmer
- Women's Malignancies Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Radiology, Clinical Center - NIH, Bethesda, MD; Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - B Gril
- Women's Malignancies Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Radiology, Clinical Center - NIH, Bethesda, MD; Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - S Steinberg
- Women's Malignancies Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Radiology, Clinical Center - NIH, Bethesda, MD; Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - D Smart
- Women's Malignancies Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Radiology, Clinical Center - NIH, Bethesda, MD; Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - M Gilbert
- Women's Malignancies Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Radiology, Clinical Center - NIH, Bethesda, MD; Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - T Armstrong
- Women's Malignancies Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Radiology, Clinical Center - NIH, Bethesda, MD; Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - L Xiao
- Women's Malignancies Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Radiology, Clinical Center - NIH, Bethesda, MD; Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - N Houston
- Women's Malignancies Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Radiology, Clinical Center - NIH, Bethesda, MD; Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - N Biassou
- Women's Malignancies Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Radiology, Clinical Center - NIH, Bethesda, MD; Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - P Brastianos
- Women's Malignancies Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Radiology, Clinical Center - NIH, Bethesda, MD; Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - S Carter
- Women's Malignancies Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Radiology, Clinical Center - NIH, Bethesda, MD; Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - DC Lyden
- Women's Malignancies Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Radiology, Clinical Center - NIH, Bethesda, MD; Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - S Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Radiology, Clinical Center - NIH, Bethesda, MD; Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - P Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Radiation Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Oncology Branch - NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD; Neuro-Radiology, Clinical Center - NIH, Bethesda, MD; Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Carter S, Channon A, Berrington A, Carter S. Variations in the Risk of Labour Induction Across Hospitals and NHS Trusts in the United Kingdom. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx189.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - A Channon
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - S Carter
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Buckley R, Reilly CM, Kelly S, Ward E, O'Connor C, Carter S, Gallagher CG, McKone EF. Corrigendum to "WS04.1 The effect of Orkambi® on exercise capacity and muscle strength" [J Cyst Fibros, volume 16, supplement 1, June 2017, pages S6-S7]. J Cyst Fibros 2017; 16:S1569-1993(17)30771-3. [PMID: 28826587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Buckley
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - C M Reilly
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Kelly
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Ward
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C O'Connor
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Carter
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - E F McKone
- St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Carter S, Clifton PM, Keogh JB. The effects of intermittent compared to continuous energy restriction on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes; a pragmatic pilot trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 122:106-112. [PMID: 27833048 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Weight loss improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, as achieving and maintaining weight loss is difficult, alternative strategies are needed. Our primary aim was to investigate the effects of intermittent energy restriction (IER) compared to continuous energy restriction (CER) on glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Secondary aims were to assess effects on weight loss, body composition, medication changes and subjective measures of appetite. Using a 2-day IER method, we expected equal improvements to HbA1c and weight in both groups. METHOD Sixty-three overweight or obese participants (BMI 35.2±5kg/m2) with T2DM (HbA1c 7.4±1.3%) (57mmol/mol) were randomised to a 2-day severe energy restriction (1670-2500kJ/day) with 5days of habitual eating, compared to a moderate CER diet (5000-6500kJ/day) for 12weeks. RESULTS At 12weeks HbA1c (-0.7±0.9% P<0.001) and percent body weight reduction (-5.9±4% P<0.001) was similar in both groups with no group by time interaction. Similar reductions were also seen for medication dosages, all measures of body composition and subjective reports of appetite. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot trial, 2days of IER compared with CER resulted in similar improvements in glycaemic control and weight reduction offering a suitable alternative treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carter
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P M Clifton
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - J B Keogh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Carter S, Scott E. Impact of Three G-CSF Mobilzation/Collection Schedules and Total Blood Volume Processed on the Yield of CD34+ Cells From Leukaphereses Collected From Normal Healthy Subjects Using the COBE Spectra. Cytotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Headland M, Pedersen E, Carter S, Clifton P, Keogh J. The on/off diet: Effects of week-on, week-off energy restriction compared to continuous energy restriction. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2015.12.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Shahid M, Albergo N, Purvis T, Heron K, Gaston L, Carter S, Grimer R, Jeys L. Management of sarcomas possibly involving the knee joint when to perform extra-articular resection of the knee joint and is it safe? Eur J Surg Oncol 2016; 43:175-180. [PMID: 27266818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the oncological and functional outcomes of patients treated for a primary sarcoma possibly involving the knee joint and present an algorithm to guide treatment. The records of 76 patients who had a primary bone or soft tissue sarcoma possibly invading the knee between 1996 and 2012 were identified. Mean age and follow-up was 32 years (9-74) and 64 months (12-195), respectively. Patients were grouped according to the resection (Intra-articular [IAR] vs. Extra-articular [EAR] vs. Amputation/rotationplasty) for survival and functional outcomes. Overall 5 and 10 year survival was 61% and 53%, respectively. No differences in survival were found between the 3 groups (p = 0.55). Sixteen patients developed local recurrence with no difference between the groups. Mean MSTS score was 24.5 (12-30). Mean flexion at final follow-up was 106° (70-130°). We conclude that EAR of the knee allows for good oncologic and functional outcomes but with an increased risk of complications compared to IAR. Intra-operative assessment of joint involvement can be done in patients where joint infiltration by the tumour is not clear to avoid an unnecessary EAR. For chondrosarcoma patients with joint involvement, an EAR should be carefully considered because they present a significantly higher local recurrence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahid
- Bone Tumour Unit, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - N Albergo
- Bone Tumour Unit, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - T Purvis
- Bone Tumour Unit, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Heron
- Bone Tumour Unit, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Gaston
- Bone Tumour Unit, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Carter
- Bone Tumour Unit, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Grimer
- Bone Tumour Unit, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Jeys
- Bone Tumour Unit, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Parry MC, Laitinen M, Albergo J, Jeys L, Carter S, Gaston CL, Sumathi V, Grimer RJ. Osteosarcoma of the pelvis. Bone Joint J 2016; 98-B:555-63. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.98b4.36583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aims Osteosarcoma of the pelvis is a particularly difficult tumour to treat as it often presents late, may be of considerable size and/or associated with metastases when it presents, and is frequently chondroid in origin and resistant to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to review our experience of managing this group of patients and to identify features predictive of a poor outcome. Patients and Methods Between 1983 and 2014, 121 patients, (74 females and 47 males) were treated at a single hospital: 74 (61.2%) patients had a primary osteosarcoma and 47 (38.8%) had an osteosarcoma which was secondary either to Paget’s disease (22; 18.2%) or to previous pelvic irradiation (25; 20.7%). The mean age of those with a primary osteosarcoma was 29.3 years (nine to 76) and their mean follow-up 2.9 years (0 to 29). The mean age of those with a secondary sarcoma was 61.9 years (15 to 85) and their mean follow-up was one year (0 to 14). A total of 22 patients with a primary sarcoma (52.4%) and 20 of those with a secondary sarcoma (47.6%) had metastases at the time of presentation. Results The disease-specific survival at five years for all patients was 27.2%. For those without metastases at the time of diagnosis, the five-year survival was 32.7%. Factors associated with a poor outcome were metastases at diagnosis and secondary tumours. In primary osteosarcoma, sacral location, surgical margin and a diameter > 10 cm were associated with a poor outcome. Conclusion In this, the largest single series of patients with an osteosarcoma of the pelvis treated in a single hospital, those with secondary tumours and those with metastases at presentation had a particularly poor outcome. For those with a primary sarcoma, sacral location, an intralesional margin and a diameter of > 10 cm were poor prognostic indicators. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:555–63.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Parry
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol
Road South, Birmingham, B31
2AP, UK
| | - M. Laitinen
- Tampere University Hospital, Tampere,
Finland and, Oncology Unit, Royal Orthopaedic
Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J. Albergo
- Hospital Italiano Buenos Aires, Buenos
Aires, Argentina and, Oncology Unit, Royal Orthopaedic
Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - L. Jeys
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol
Road South, Birmingham, B31
2AP, UK
| | - S. Carter
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol
Road South, Birmingham, B31
2AP, UK
| | - C. L. Gaston
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol
Road South, Birmingham, B31
2AP, UK
| | - V. Sumathi
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol
Road South, Birmingham, B31
2AP, UK
| | - R. J. Grimer
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Bristol
Road South, Birmingham, B31
2AP, UK
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Mikucki JA, Lee PA, Ghosh D, Purcell AM, Mitchell AC, Mankoff KD, Fisher AT, Tulaczyk S, Carter S, Siegfried MR, Fricker HA, Hodson T, Coenen J, Powell R, Scherer R, Vick-Majors T, Achberger AA, Christner BC, Tranter M. Subglacial Lake Whillans microbial biogeochemistry: a synthesis of current knowledge. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 374:rsta.2014.0290. [PMID: 26667908 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Liquid water occurs below glaciers and ice sheets globally, enabling the existence of an array of aquatic microbial ecosystems. In Antarctica, large subglacial lakes are present beneath hundreds to thousands of metres of ice, and scientific interest in exploring these environments has escalated over the past decade. After years of planning, the first team of scientists and engineers cleanly accessed and retrieved pristine samples from a West Antarctic subglacial lake ecosystem in January 2013. This paper reviews the findings to date on Subglacial Lake Whillans and presents new supporting data on the carbon and energy metabolism of resident microbes. The analysis of water and sediments from the lake revealed a diverse microbial community composed of bacteria and archaea that are close relatives of species known to use reduced N, S or Fe and CH4 as energy sources. The water chemistry of Subglacial Lake Whillans was dominated by weathering products from silicate minerals with a minor influence from seawater. Contributions to water chemistry from microbial sulfide oxidation and carbonation reactions were supported by genomic data. Collectively, these results provide unequivocal evidence that subglacial environments in this region of West Antarctica host active microbial ecosystems that participate in subglacial biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Mikucki
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
| | - P A Lee
- Hollings Marine Lab, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - D Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - A M Purcell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - A C Mitchell
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - K D Mankoff
- Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A T Fisher
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - S Tulaczyk
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - S Carter
- Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - M R Siegfried
- Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - H A Fricker
- Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - T Hodson
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences Northern, Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - J Coenen
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences Northern, Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - R Powell
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences Northern, Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - R Scherer
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences Northern, Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - T Vick-Majors
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - A A Achberger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - B C Christner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - M Tranter
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
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Laitinen M, Parry M, Albergo JI, Jeys L, Abudu A, Carter S, Sumathi V, Grimer R. The prognostic and therapeutic factors which influence the oncological outcome of parosteal osteosarcoma. Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:1698-703. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.97b12.35749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and therapeutic factors which influence the oncological outcome of parosteal osteosarcoma. A total of 80 patients with a primary parosteal osteosarcoma were included in this retrospective study. There were 51 females and 29 males with a mean age of 29.9 years (11 to 78). The mean follow-up was 11.2 years (1 to 40). Overall survival was 91.8% at five years and 87.8% at ten years. Local recurrence occurred in 14 (17.5%) patients and was associated with intralesional surgery and a large volume of tumour. On histological examination, 80% of the local recurrences were dedifferentiated high-grade tumours. A total of 12 (14.8%) patients developed pulmonary metastases, of whom half had either a dedifferentiated tumour or a local recurrence. Female gender and young age were good prognostic factors. Local recurrence was a poor prognostic factor for survival. Medullary involvement or the use of chemotherapy had no impact on survival. The main goal in treating a parosteal osteosarcoma must be to achieve a wide surgical margin, as inadequate margins are associated with local recurrence. Local recurrence has a significant negative effect on survival, as 80% of the local recurrences are high-grade dedifferentiated tumours, and half of these patients develop metastases. The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of parosteal osteosarcoma is not as obvious as it is in the treatment of conventional osteosarcoma. The mainstay of treatment is wide local excision. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1698–1703.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Laitinen
- Unit of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Tampere
University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - M. Parry
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J. I. Albergo
- Hospital Italiano Buenos Aires, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - L. Jeys
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A. Abudu
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S. Carter
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - V. Sumathi
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - R. Grimer
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Brastianos P, Carter S, Santagata S, Cahill D, Taylor-Weiner A, Jones R, Ligon K, Tabernero J, Seoane J, Martinez Saez E, Johnson B, Choueiri T, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Lin N, Beroukhim R, Batchelor T, Baselga J, Louis D, Hahn W, Getz G. 2905 Genomic characterization of brain metastases and paired primary tumors reveals branched evolution and potential therapeutic targets. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Manangi M, Vazques-Añon M, Richards J, Carter S, Knight C. The impact of feeding supplemental chelated trace minerals on shell quality, tibia breaking strength, and immune response in laying hens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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38
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Carter S, Jutley G, Kiely D, Condliffe R, Renshaw S, Whyte M, Kuet K, Kilding R, Akil M. SAT0477 Rituximab Treatment for Connective Tissue Disease Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Retrospective Case Series. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kelly A, McKee G, van Eijk-Hustings Y, Ndosi M, O'Sullivan D, Menzies V, Carter S, Richards P, Minnock P. AB1213-HPR Nurse Sensitive Outcomes in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) – a Systematic Literature Review. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.4837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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40
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Carter S, Kelly S, Caples E, Grogan B, Doyle J, Gallagher CG, McKone EF. Ivacaftor as salvage therapy in a patient with cystic fibrosis genotype F508del/R117H/IVS8-5T. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14:e4-5. [PMID: 25698453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ivacaftor is a novel CFTR potentiator that increases CFTR activity and improves clinical outcomes in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with at least one copy of CFTR-G551D. Clinical trials have shown an improvement in lung function, weight and CF pulmonary exacerbation in adults with CFTR-G551D leading to the approval of ivacaftor as a novel CF therapy [1]. In vitro studies of ivacaftor have also shown significant improvements in CFTR chloride channel opening time in other non-G551D CFTR mutations suggesting that ivacaftor may be of benefit to patients with mutations other than gating mutations [2]. R117H-CFTR is a relatively common CFTR mutation that demonstrates an in-vitro response to ivacaftor [2,3]. A clinical trial has suggested that there may be a role for ivacaftor in older patients with R117H-CFTR although this trial did not include patients with very severe CF lung disease [4]. In 2014, ivacaftor was approved in the United States as a treatment for CF subjects aged greater than 6 years old with a copy of R117H-CFTR. We present a case demonstrating a substantial therapeutic effect of ivacaftor in a CF patient with genotype F508del/R117H and advanced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carter
- National Referral Centre for Adult Cystic Fibrosis, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S Kelly
- National Referral Centre for Adult Cystic Fibrosis, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - E Caples
- National Referral Centre for Adult Cystic Fibrosis, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - B Grogan
- National Referral Centre for Adult Cystic Fibrosis, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J Doyle
- National Referral Centre for Adult Cystic Fibrosis, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - C G Gallagher
- National Referral Centre for Adult Cystic Fibrosis, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - E F McKone
- National Referral Centre for Adult Cystic Fibrosis, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
- C Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - P Howat
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - J Jancey
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - S Carter
- School of Public Health, Level 1 Building 1 K25, Medical Foundation Building, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Kaserzon SL, Hawker DW, Kennedy K, Bartkow M, Carter S, Booij K, Mueller JF. Characterisation and comparison of the uptake of ionizable and polar pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products by POCIS and Chemcatchers. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2014; 16:2517-26. [PMID: 25208684 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Growing concern about the environmental impact of ionizable and polar organic chemicals such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products has lead to the inclusion of some in legislative and regulatory frameworks. It is expected that future monitoring requirements for these chemicals in aquatic environments will increase, along with the need for low cost monitoring and risk assessment strategies. In this study the uptake of 13 neutral and 6 ionizable pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products by modified POCIS (with Strata™-X sorbent) and Chemcatchers™ (SDB-RPS or SDB-XC) was investigated under controlled conditions at pH = 6.5 for 26 days. The modified POCIS and Chemcatcher™ (SDB-RPS) samplers exhibited similar performance with the uptake of the majority of the 19 chemicals of interest categorised as linear over the 26 day deployment. Only a few ionized herbicides (picloram and dicamba) and triclosan showed negligible accumulation. Chemcatcher™ with SDB-XC sorbent performed relatively poorly with only carbamazepine having a linear accumulation profile, and 8 compounds showing no measurable accumulation. Differences in the uptake behavior of chemicals were not easily explained by their physico-chemical properties, strengthening the requirement for detailed calibration data. PES membranes accumulated significant amount of some compounds (i.e. triclosan and diuron), even after extended deployment (i.e. 26 days). At present there is no way to predict which compounds will demonstrate this behavior. Increasing membrane pore size from 0.2 to 0.45 μm for Chemcatcher™ (SBD-RPS) caused an average increase in Rs of 24%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Kaserzon
- The University of Queensland, The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains QLD 4108, Australia.
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Heaps A, Carter S, Selwood C, Moody M, Unsworth J, Deacock S, Sumar N, Bansal A, Hayman G, El-Shanawany T, Williams P, Kaminski E, Jolles S. The utility of the ISAC allergen array in the investigation of idiopathic anaphylaxis. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 177:483-90. [PMID: 24654858 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A diagnosis of idiopathic anaphylaxis following a detailed clinical assessment remains very challenging for patients and clinicians. Risk reduction strategies such as allergen avoidance are not possible. This study investigated whether the (ISAC) allergen array with 103 allergens would add diagnostic value in patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis. We extended the specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E testing in 110 patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic anaphylaxis from five UK specialist centres using ISAC arrays. These were divided into three groups: score I identified no new allergen sensitization beyond those known by previous assessment, score II identified new sensitizations which were not thought likely to explain the anaphylaxis and score III identified new sensitizations felt to have a high likelihood of being responsible for the anaphylaxis. A proportion (50%) of score III patients underwent clinical reassessment to substantiate the link to anaphylaxis in this group. The results show that 20% of the arrays were classified as score III with a high likelihood of identifying the cause of the anaphylaxis. A wide range of major allergens were identified, the most frequent being omega-5-gliadin and shrimp, together accounting for 45% of the previously unrecognized sensitizations. The ISAC array contributed to the diagnosis in 20% of patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis. It may offer additional information where a careful allergy history and follow-on testing have not revealed the cause of the anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heaps
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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Carter S, Capoulade R, Arsenault M, É Bédard, Dumesnil J, Mathieu P, Pibarot P, Picard F. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN-2 AND LEFT VENTRICULAR STROKE VOLUME IN PATIENTS WITH AORTIC STENOSIS. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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45
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Carter S, Li Z, Alméras N, Tremblay A, Bergeron J, Poirier P, Deshaies Y, Després J, Picard F. CIRCULATING IGFBP-2 LEVELS ARE INCREMENTALLY LINKED TO CORRELATES OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME AND INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH VLDL TRIGLYCERIDES. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Neerinckx B, Carter S, Lories R. IL-23 expression and activation of autophagy in synovium and PBMCs of HLA-B27 positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Response to: 'Evidence that autophagy, but not the unfolded protein response, regulates the expression of IL-23 in the gut of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and subclinical gut inflammation' by Ciccia et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73:e68. [PMID: 25074689 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Neerinckx
- Division of Rheumatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Carter
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Lories
- Division of Rheumatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Gaston CL, Nakamura T, Reddy K, Abudu A, Carter S, Jeys L, Tillman R, Grimer R. Is limb salvage surgery safe for bone sarcomas identified after a previous surgical procedure? Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:665-72. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.96b5.33140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are rare cancers and orthopaedic surgeons come across them infrequently, sometimes unexpectedly during surgical procedures. We investigated the outcomes of patients who underwent a surgical procedure where sarcomas were found unexpectedly and were subsequently referred to our unit for treatment. We identified 95 patients (44 intra-lesional excisions, 35 fracture fixations, 16 joint replacements) with mean age of 48 years (11 to 83); 60% were males (n = 57). Local recurrence arose in 40% who underwent limb salvage surgery versus 12% who had an amputation. Despite achieving local control, overall survival was worse for patients treated with amputation rather than limb salvage (54% vs 75% five-year survival). Factors that negatively influenced survival were invasive primary surgery (fracture fixation, joint replacement), a delay of greater than two months until referral to our oncology service, and high-grade tumours. Survival in these circumstances depends mostly on factors that are determined prior to definitive treatment by a tertiary orthopaedic oncology unit. Limb salvage in this group of patients is associated with a higher rate of inadequate marginal surgery and, consequently, higher local recurrence rates than amputation, but should still be attempted whenever possible, as local control is not the primary determinant of survival. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:665–72.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. L. Gaston
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham B31
2AP, UK
| | - T. Nakamura
- Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu-city, Mie, Japan
| | - K. Reddy
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham B31
2AP, UK
| | - A. Abudu
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham B31
2AP, UK
| | - S. Carter
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham B31
2AP, UK
| | - L. Jeys
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham B31
2AP, UK
| | - R. Tillman
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham B31
2AP, UK
| | - R. Grimer
- Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation
Trust, Bristol Road South, Birmingham B31
2AP, UK
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Carter S, Fawthrop F. Die another day. Assoc Med J 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f6973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Miller LJ, Joyce S, Carter S, Yun G. Associations between childhood obesity and the availability of food outlets in the local environment: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Am J Health Promot 2013; 28:e137-45. [PMID: 24200247 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.130214-quan-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examine whether individual-level childhood obesity is related to residential availability of fast food and healthy food outlets. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING Perth, Western Australia. SUBJECTS A total of 1850 children aged 5 to 15 years in 2005-2010 who participated in the Western Australian Health and Wellbeing Surveillance System survey. MEASURES Geographical Information Systems were used to calculate a range of measures of fast food and healthy food outlet access and availability. For example, distance to nearest and access and density measures within 800 m and 3 km of each child's residence were all tested. ANALYSIS Multivariate logistic regression analysis, controlling for individual-level sociodemographic factors and lifestyle behaviors. RESULTS An increasing number of healthy food outlets within 800 m of a child's home was associated with a significantly reduced risk of being overweight/obese in all models tested. After controlling for age, physical activity, time spent sedentary, weekly takeaway consumption, area disadvantage, and count of fast food outlets, each additional healthy food outlet within 800 m was associated with a 20% decrease in the likelihood of a child being overweight or obese (odds ratio: .800, 95% confidence intervals: .686-.933). CONCLUSION The local food environment around children's homes has an independent effect on child weight status. These findings highlight the importance of the built environment as a potential contributor towards child health, which should be considered when developing community health promotion programs.
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Ashiru-Oredope D, Kessel A, Hopkins S, Ashiru-Oredope D, Brown B, Brown N, Carter S, Charlett A, Cichowka A, Faulding S, Gallagher R, Johnson A, McNulty C, Moore M, Patel B, Puleston R, Richman C, Ridge K, Robotham J, Sharland M, Stephens P, Stokle L, Towers K, Underhill J, West T, Whitney L, Wight A, Woodford N, Young T. Antimicrobial stewardship: English Surveillance Programme for Antimicrobial Utilization and Resistance (ESPAUR). J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2421-3. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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