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Li J, Xu D, Huang WF, Hong SK, Zhang JY. Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Resection for Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Originating from the Muscularis Propria. Dig Dis Sci 2024:10.1007/s10620-024-08359-z. [PMID: 38653945 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of endoscopic resection (ER) in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) has not been fully elucidated. AIMS The purpose of this work was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of ER in patients with GISTs originating from the muscularis propria (MP). METHODS A total of 233 consecutive patients with gastric GISTs originating from the MP layer, who underwent ER between February 2012 and May 2023, were included in this study. Clinical characteristics, tumor features, and outcomes were recorded and compared between patients who underwent en bloc resection and piecemeal resection. RESULTS Among the 233 patients, the median size of GISTs was 12 mm (range 5-60 mm). Risk assessment categorized 190 patients as very low risk, 26 as low risk, 10 as moderate risk, and 7 as high risk. The procedures performed included endoscopic submucosal excavation (127 cases), endoscopic full-thickness resection (103 cases), and submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (3 cases). The complete and R0 resection rate was 93.1%. Complications occurred in 4.7% of cases (perioperative perforations 1.7%, perioperative bleeding 1.3%, both 0.9%), resulting in conversion to surgery in 1.3% of cases. Risk factors associated with piecemeal resection were tumor size [odds ratio (OR) 0.402, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.207-0.783; P = 0.007] and shape (OR 0.045, 95% CI 0.009-0.235; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ER is proven to be an effective and reasonably safe approach for gastric GISTs originating from the MP. Notably, larger tumor size and irregular shape are identified as risk factors for piecemeal resection during ER procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shao-Kun Hong
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Li J, Chen JH, Huang WF, Liu M, Hong SK, Zhang JY. Gastric schwannoma: A retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:407-412. [PMID: 37741754 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment options, and prognosis of patients with gastric schwannoma (GS). METHODS Patients who were pathologically diagnosed with GS between April 2011 and October 2022 were enrolled. The data of clinical characteristics, pathological features, treatment options, and clinical outcomes were collected and compared between GS patients who underwent endoscopic resection (ER) and surgical resection (SR). RESULTS Of the 32 cases, 23 underwent SR and nine underwent ER. The median tumor size was significantly smaller in ER group than in SR group (12.0 vs. 40.0 mm, P < 0.001), while patients in SR group were older than those in ER group (54.5 ± 10.6 vs. 45.3 ± 10.9 years, P = 0.036). Moreover, tumors in ER group were more likely to exhibit an intraluminal pattern (100% vs. 26.1%, P < 0.001). Patients in ER group had significantly lower hospitalization cost (25859.2 ± 8623.9 vs. 44953.0 ± 13083.8 RMB, P = 0.011) than those in SR group. No differences were found between the two groups in terms of R0 resection rate, operative time, estimated blood loss, adverse events, and recurrence rate. All patients were followed up for 4-96 months (mean: 35 months; median: 23 months), during which no evidence of recurrence or metastasis was observed. CONCLUSIONS Both ER and SR are safe and effective treatment modalities for the management of GS, with ER being associated with lower medical costs compared to SR. The majority of GS are benign and do not recur, with little possibility of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin-Hai Chen
- Endoscopy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shao-Kun Hong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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3
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Lim JY, Hong SK, Huang WF. Splenic Pseudotumor-Like Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2023:10.1007/s11605-023-05630-y. [PMID: 36849606 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-023-05630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ying Lim
- The School of Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shao-Kun Hong
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. .,The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Wu N, Hong SK, Huang WF. Unexpected Cause of Anemia: Primary Small Intestinal Angiosarcoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 27:633-635. [PMID: 36509898 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-022-05557-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shao-Kun Hong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. .,The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Wu N, Hong SK, Huang WF. Multiple Strictures of Small Intestine: Is It Crohn's Disease? Gastroenterology 2022; 163:e1-e2. [PMID: 35580660 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; The Third Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shao-Kun Hong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; The Third Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Hong SK, Ding Y, Li H, Zhang JY, Huang WF. An unusual mass in the colon: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:101988. [PMID: 35777729 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2022.101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Kun Hong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Ding Y, Hong SK, Huang WF. More Than Meets the Eye: Abdominopelvic Actinomycosis. J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 26:2241-2243. [PMID: 35474560 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-022-05331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shao-Kun Hong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Feng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Suh KS, Hong SK, Lee S, Hong SY, Suh S, Han ES, Yang SM, Choi Y, Yi NJ, Lee KW. Purely laparoscopic explant hepatectomy and hybrid laparoscopic/robotic graft implantation in living donor liver transplantation. Br J Surg 2021; 109:162-164. [PMID: 34642746 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a purely laparoscopic/robotic technique for successful living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Purely laparoscopic explant hepatectomy followed by purely laparoscopic and robotic graft implantation can be performed in LDLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S K Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Y Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - E S Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S M Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - N J Yi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K W Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Hong SK, Lee JG. DTranNER: biomedical named entity recognition with deep learning-based label-label transition model. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:53. [PMID: 32046638 PMCID: PMC7014657 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-3393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomedical named-entity recognition (BioNER) is widely modeled with conditional random fields (CRF) by regarding it as a sequence labeling problem. The CRF-based methods yield structured outputs of labels by imposing connectivity between the labels. Recent studies for BioNER have reported state-of-the-art performance by combining deep learning-based models (e.g., bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory) and CRF. The deep learning-based models in the CRF-based methods are dedicated to estimating individual labels, whereas the relationships between connected labels are described as static numbers; thereby, it is not allowed to timely reflect the context in generating the most plausible label-label transitions for a given input sentence. Regardless, correctly segmenting entity mentions in biomedical texts is challenging because the biomedical terms are often descriptive and long compared with general terms. Therefore, limiting the label-label transitions as static numbers is a bottleneck in the performance improvement of BioNER. RESULTS We introduce DTranNER, a novel CRF-based framework incorporating a deep learning-based label-label transition model into BioNER. DTranNER uses two separate deep learning-based networks: Unary-Network and Pairwise-Network. The former is to model the input for determining individual labels, and the latter is to explore the context of the input for describing the label-label transitions. We performed experiments on five benchmark BioNER corpora. Compared with current state-of-the-art methods, DTranNER achieves the best F1-score of 84.56% beyond 84.40% on the BioCreative II gene mention (BC2GM) corpus, the best F1-score of 91.99% beyond 91.41% on the BioCreative IV chemical and drug (BC4CHEMD) corpus, the best F1-score of 94.16% beyond 93.44% on the chemical NER, the best F1-score of 87.22% beyond 86.56% on the disease NER of the BioCreative V chemical disease relation (BC5CDR) corpus, and a near-best F1-score of 88.62% on the NCBI-Disease corpus. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the incorporation of the deep learning-based label-label transition model provides distinctive contextual clues to enhance BioNER over the static transition model. We demonstrate that the proposed framework enables the dynamic transition model to adaptively explore the contextual relations between adjacent labels in a fine-grained way. We expect that our study can be a stepping stone for further prosperity of biomedical literature mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Hong
- Graduate School of Knowledge Service Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jae-Gil Lee
- Graduate School of Knowledge Service Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea. .,Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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10
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Hong SK, Lee KW, Choi Y, Kim HS, Ahn SW, Yoon KC, Kim H, Yi NJ, Suh KS. Initial experience with purely laparoscopic living-donor right hepatectomy. Br J Surg 2018; 105:751-759. [PMID: 29579333 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There may be concerns about purely laparoscopic donor right hepatectomy (PLDRH) compared with open donor right hepatectomy, especially when performed by surgeons accustomed to open surgery. This study aimed to describe technical tips and pitfalls in PLDRH. METHODS Data from donors who underwent PLDRH at Seoul National University Hospital between December 2015 and July 2017 were analysed retrospectively. Endpoints analysed included intraoperative events and postoperative complications. All operations were performed by a single surgeon with considerable experience in open living donor hepatectomy. RESULTS A total of 26 donors underwent purely laparoscopic right hepatectomy in the study interval. No donor required transfusion during surgery, whereas two underwent reoperation. In two donors, the dissection plane at the right upper deep portion of the midplane was not correct. One donor experienced portal vein injury during caudate lobe transection, and one developed remnant left hepatic duct stenosis. One donor experienced remnant portal vein angulation owing to a different approach angle, and one experienced arterial damage associated with the use of a laparoscopic energy device. One donor had postoperative bleeding due to masking of potential bleeding foci owing to intra-abdominal pressure during laparoscopy. Two donors experienced right liver surface damage caused by a xiphoid trocar. CONCLUSION Purely laparoscopic donor hepatectomy differs from open donor hepatectomy in terms of angle and caudal view. Therefore, surgeons experienced in open donor hepatectomy must gain adequate experience in laparoscopic liver surgery and make adjustments when performing PLDRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K W Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S W Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
| | - K C Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - N J Yi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K S Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Suh KS, Hong SK, Lee KW, Yi NJ, Kim HS, Ahn SW, Yoon KC, Choi JY, Oh D, Kim H. Pure laparoscopic living donor hepatectomy: Focus on 55 donors undergoing right hepatectomy. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:434-443. [PMID: 28787763 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although laparoscopic donor hepatectomy is increasingly common, few centers with substantial experience have reported the results of pure laparoscopic donor right hepatectomy (PLDRH). Here, we report the experiences of 60 consecutive liver donors undergoing pure laparoscopic donor hepatectomy (PLDH), with most undergoing right hepatectomy. None of the 60 donors who underwent PLDH had intraoperative complications and none required transfusions, reoperation, or conversion to open hepatectomy. Forty-five donors who underwent PLDRH between November 2015 and December 2016 were compared with 42 who underwent conventional donor right hepatectomy (CDRH) between May 2013 and February 2014. The total operation time was longer (330.7 vs 280.0 minutes; P < .001) and the percentage with multiple bile duct openings was higher (53.3% vs 26.2%; P = .010) in the PLDRH group. However, the length of postoperative hospital stay (8.4 vs 8.2 days; P = .495) and rate of complications (11.9% vs 8.9%; P = .733) and re-hospitalizations (4.8% vs 4.4%; P = 1.000) were similar in both groups. PLDH, including PLDRH, is feasible when performed by a highly experienced surgeon and transplant team. Further evaluation, including long-term results, may support these preliminary findings of comparative outcomes for donors undergoing PLDRH and CDRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S K Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K W Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - N J Yi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S W Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
| | - K C Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Choi
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Oh
- Department of Surgery, Myongji Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Kim H, Ahn SW, Hong SK, Yoon KC, Kim HS, Choi YR, Lee HW, Yi NJ, Lee KW, Suh KS. Survival benefit of liver resection for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Surg 2017; 104:1045-1052. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although transarterial chemoembolization is recommended as the standard treatment for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC-B HCC), other treatments including liver resection have been used. This study aimed to determine the survival benefit of treatment strategies including resection for BCLC-B HCC compared with non-surgical treatments.
Methods
The nationwide multicentre database of the Korean Liver Cancer Association was reviewed. Patients with BCLC-B HCC who underwent liver resection as a first or second treatment within 2 years of diagnosis and patients who received non-surgical treatment were selected randomly. Survival outcomes of propensity score-matched groups were compared.
Results
Among 887 randomly selected patients with BCLC-B HCC, 83 underwent liver resection as first or second treatment and 597 had non-surgical treatment. After propensity score matching, the two groups were well balanced (80 patients in each group). Overall median survival in the resection group was better than that for patients receiving non-surgical treatment (50·9 versus 22·1 months respectively; P < 0·001). The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates in the resection group were 90, 88, 75 and 63 per cent, compared with 79, 48, 35 and 22 per cent in the no-surgery group (P < 0·001). In multivariable analysis, non-surgical treatment only (hazard ratio (HR) 3·35, 95 per cent c.i. 2·16 to 5·19; P < 0·001), albumin level below 3·5 g/dl (HR 1·96, 1·22 to 3·15; P = 0·005) and largest tumour size greater than 5·0 cm (HR 1·81, 1·20 to 2·75; P = 0·005) were independent predictors of worse overall survival.
Conclusion
Treatment strategies that include liver resection offer a survival benefit compared with non-surgical treatments for potentially resectable BCLC-B HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - S W Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - S K Hong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - K C Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - H-S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Y R Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - H W Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - N-J Yi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - K-W Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - K-S Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Baek JK, Lee JS, Kim TH, Kim YH, Han DJ, Hong SK. Four-Year Experience With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Kidney Transplant Patients With Severe Refractory Cardiopulmonary Insufficiency. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:2080-3. [PMID: 27569948 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplant (KT) recipients are vulnerable to infections because of their immunosuppressive treatments, and they occasionally exhibit serious acute cardiopulmonary dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcomes of using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in KT recipients and to identify risk factors for ECMO weaning failure. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of KT patients who experienced severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction refractory to conventional therapy and received ECMO at the Asan Medical Center Surgical Intensive Care Unit between December 2010 and December 2014. RESULTS During the 4-year study period, 12 KT patients required ECMO management. Six of these patients were successfully weaned from ECMO; the mean duration of ECMO support was 9.1 days (range, 3.5-15.1 days). Indications for ECMO included pneumonia (8 cases required venovenous ECMO and 1 case required venoarterial [VA] ECMO), stress-induced cardiomyopathy due to fungemia (1 case required VA ECMO), and septic shock due to either urinary tract infection or unknown origin (2 cases required VA ECMO). In assessing risk factors leading to a failure of ECMO weaning, the pH on arterial blood gas analysis performed just before the beginning of this intervention was significantly lower in the nonsurvivors than in the survivors (P = .046). CONCLUSIONS ECMO can be a beneficial rescue therapy in immunosuppressed patients with cardiopulmonary dysfunction refractory to treatment. Severe acidosis before the administration of EMCO is a major determinant of ECMO weaning failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-K Baek
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D J Han
- Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S K Hong
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Dang CG, Cho SH, Sharma A, Kim HC, Jeon GJ, Yeon SH, Hong SK, Park BY, Kang HS, Lee SH. Genome-wide Association Study for Warner-Bratzler Shear Force and Sensory Traits in Hanwoo (Korean Cattle). Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1328-35. [PMID: 25178377 PMCID: PMC4150200 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Significant SNPs associated with Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear force and sensory traits were confirmed for Hanwoo beef (Korean cattle). A Bonferroni-corrected genome-wide significant association (p<1.3×10−6) was detected with only one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on chromosome 5 for WB shear force. A slightly higher number of SNPs was significantly (p<0.001) associated with WB shear force than with other sensory traits. Further, 50, 25, 29, and 34 SNPs were significantly associated with WB shear force, tenderness, juiciness, and flavor likeness, respectively. The SNPs between p = 0.001 and p = 0.0001 thresholds explained 3% to 9% of the phenotypic variance, while the most significant SNPs accounted for 7% to 12% of the phenotypic variance. In conclusion, because WB shear force and sensory evaluation were moderately affected by a few loci and minimally affected by other loci, further studies are required by using a large sample size and high marker density.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Dang
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - S H Cho
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - A Sharma
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - H C Kim
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - G J Jeon
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - S H Yeon
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - S K Hong
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - B Y Park
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - H S Kang
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
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Kim BS, Kim SC, Park CM, Lee SH, Cho SH, Kim NK, Jang GW, Yoon DH, Yang BS, Hong SK, Seong HH, Choi BH. Genetic Polymorphisms of the Bovine NOV Gene Are Significantly Associated with Carcass Traits in Korean Cattle. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:780-7. [PMID: 25049850 PMCID: PMC4093253 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) gene and to evaluate whether these polymorphisms affect carcass traits in the Korean cattle population. We resequenced to detect SNPs from 24 unrelated individuals and identified 19 SNPs within the full 8.4-kb gene, including the 1.5-kb promoter region. Of these 19 SNPs, four were selected for genotyping based on linkage disequilibrium (LD). We genotyped 429 steers to assess the associations of these four SNPs with carcass traits. Statistical analysis revealed that g.7801T>C and g.8379A>C polymorphisms in the NOV gene were associated with carcass weight (p = 0.012 and 0.008, respectively), and the g.2005A>G polymorphism was associated with the back fat thickness (BF) trait (p = 0.0001). One haplotype of the four SNPs (GGTA) was significantly associated with BF (p = 0.0005). Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the NOV gene may be among the important genetic factors affecting carcass yield in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Kim
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - S C Kim
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - C M Park
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - S H Cho
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - N K Kim
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - G W Jang
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - D H Yoon
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - B S Yang
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - S K Hong
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - H H Seong
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
| | - B H Choi
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Chuksan gil 77, Kwonsun-gu, Suwon, Korea
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Hoque MR, Choi NR, Sultana H, Kang BS, Heo KN, Hong SK, Jo C, Lee JH. Phylogenetic Analysis of a Privately-owned Korean Native Chicken Population Using mtDNA D-loop Variations. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:157-62. [PMID: 25049771 PMCID: PMC4093154 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of Korean native chicken is increasing, and the discovery of new genetic resources is very important from both economic and genetic conservation points of view. In this study, mtDNA D-loop sequences from 272 privately-owned Korean native chickens from a Hyunin farm were investigated. Seventeen nucleotide substitutions were identified from the sequence analysis and they were classified as 6 haplotypes. Previously investigated haplotypes in five Korean native chicken populations have been compared with the Hyunin chicken population. The results indicated that two haplotypes, H10 and H15, in the Hyunin chicken population were not previously identified in other Korean native chicken populations, representing 33.09% (90/272) and 1.1% (3/272) of the Hyunin population, respectively. On the other hand, four other haplotypes were identical to those of a previous study of Korean native chicken populations. This result is indicative of conservation strategies of Hyunin chicken populations for expanding the genetic diversity in the Korean native chicken population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hoque
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - N R Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - H Sultana
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - B S Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - K N Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - S K Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - C Jo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Chung HJ, Kim KW, Han DW, Lee HC, Yang BC, Chung HK, Shim MR, Choi MS, Jo EB, Jo YM, Oh MY, Jo SJ, Hong SK, Park JK, Chang WK. Protein Profile in Corpus Luteum during Pregnancy in Korean Native Cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 25:1540-5. [PMID: 25049514 PMCID: PMC4093032 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis requires coordination of the anabolic and catabolic pathways of lipid metabolism, but the profile of proteins associated with progesterone synthesis in cyclic and pregnant corpus luteum (CL) is not well-known in cattle. In Experiment 1, plasma progesterone level was monitored in cyclic cows (n = 5) and pregnant cows (n = 6; until d-90). A significant decline in the plasma progesterone level occurred at d-19 of cyclic cows. Progesterone level in abbatoir-derived luteal tissues was also determined at d 1 to 5, 6 to 13 and 14 to 20 of cyclic cows, and d-60 and -90 of pregnant cows (n = 5 each). Progesterone level in d-60 CL was not different from those in d 6 to 13 CL and d-90 CL, although the difference between d 6 to 13 and d-90 was significant. In Experiment 2, protein expression pattern in CL at d-90 (n = 4) was compared with that in CL of cyclic cows at d 6 to 13 (n = 5). Significant changes in the level of protein expression were detected in 32 protein spots by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and 23 of them were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Six proteins were found only in pregnant CL, while the other 17 proteins were found only in cyclic CL. Among the above 6 proteins, vimentin which is involved in the regulation of post-implantation development was included. Thus, the protein expression pattern in CL was disorientated from cyclic luteal phase to mid pregnancy, and alterations in specific CL protein expression may contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy in Korean native cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Chung
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - K W Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - D W Han
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - H C Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - B C Yang
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - H K Chung
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - M R Shim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - M S Choi
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - E B Jo
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - Y M Jo
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - M Y Oh
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - S J Jo
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - S K Hong
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - J K Park
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - W K Chang
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
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Choi HW, Hong SK, Lee YK, Kim WG. First Report of Fusarium succisae Causing Flower Rot on Thread-leaf Coreopsis. Plant Dis 2014; 98:1002. [PMID: 30708911 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-13-1205-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In July 2010, flower rot of thread-leaf coreopsis (Coreopsis verticillata) was found in a garden in the Icheon City, Korea. The disease affected about 20 to 50% of a 100 m2 area. The disease was characterized by the appearance of pinkish mycelia on the stigmata and inflorescences of flowers. In some cases, flowers failed to bloom or turned brown before opening fully. Fragments (each 5 × 5 mm) of the symptomatic tissue were surface-sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 1 min, and then rinsed twice in sterilized distilled water. The tissue pieces were placed on water agar (WA) and incubated at 25°C for 4 to 6 days. Twenty-two isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from the diseased flowers. All isolates were identified as Fusarium succisae based on their morphological characteristics on carnation leaf agar (CLA) medium and DNA sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (1). Macroconidia and sporodochia were sparsely produced on CLA medium. Microconidia were abundant, borne in false heads, oval or allantoid and sometimes pyriform, and measured 4.2 to 13 × 2.2 to 5.4 μm. Chlamydospores were absent. The EF-1α gene was amplified from three isolates by PCR assay and the amplification products were sequenced (2). The nucleotide sequences obtained were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers KF514658, KF514659, and KF514660. BLASTn analysis showed 99% homology with the EF-1α sequence of F. succisae NRRL13613 (GenBank Accession No. AF160291). Pathogenicity tests were conducted with inoculation of flowers on Coreopsis verticillata. Spore suspension was prepared by flooding 7-day-old cultures on potato dextrose agar with sterilized 2% (w/v) sugar solution. When the plants started to have buds, the isolates were inoculated by placing one drop (20 μl) of spore suspension (1 × 106 spores ml-1) into the buds. Fifteen buds of the plants were arranged into three replications. The control was treated with sterilized 2% sugar solution. Inoculated plants were kept in a greenhouse at 25/20°C (12 h/12 h). Three weeks after inoculation, the symptoms were observed on buds with mycelial production. Control plants had no mycelia on buds. F. succisae was re-isolated from the inoculated flowers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of flower rot of thread-leaf coreopsis caused by F. succisae. References: (1) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA, 2006. (2) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 95:2044, 1998.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-W Choi
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - S K Hong
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Y K Lee
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - W G Kim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
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Choi HW, Hong SK, Lee YK, Shim HS. First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 3 Causing Fusarium Wilt on Tomato in Korea. Plant Dis 2013; 97:1377. [PMID: 30722180 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-13-0073-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In July 2010, fusarium wilt symptoms of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were found in two commercial greenhouses in the Damyang area of Korea. Approximately 1% of 7,000 to 8,000 tomato plants were wilted and chlorotic in each greenhouse. The vascular tissue was usually dark brown and the discoloration extended to the apex. Fragments (each 5 × 5 mm) of the symptomatic tissue were surface-sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 1 min, then rinsed twice in sterilized distilled water (SDW). The tissue pieces were placed on water agar and incubated at 25°C for 4 to 6 days. Nine Fusarium isolates were obtained from four diseased plants, of which three isolates were identified as F. oxysporum based on morphological characteristics on carnation leaf agar medium and DNA sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) gene (2). Macroconidia were mostly 3- to 5-septate, slightly curved, and 28 to 53 × 2.8 to 5.2 μm. Microconidia were abundant, borne in false heads or short monophialides, generally single-celled, oval to kidney shaped, and 5 to 23 × 3 to 5 μm. Chlamydospores were single or in short chains. The EF-1α gene was amplified from three isolates by PCR assay using ef1 and ef2 primers (3), and the amplification products were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences obtained were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. KC491844, KC491845, and KC491846). BLASTn analysis showed 99% homology with the EF-1α sequence of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici MN-24 (HM057331). Pathogenicity tests and race determination were conducted using root-dip inoculation (4) on seedlings of tomato differential cultivars: Ponderosa (susceptible to all races), Momotaro (resistant to race 1), Walter (resistant to races 1 and 2), and I3R-1 (resistant to all races). A spore suspension was prepared by flooding 5-day-old cultures on potato dextrose agar with SDW. Plants at the first true-leaf stage were inoculated by dipping the roots in the spore suspension (1 × 106 conidia/ml) for 10 min. Inoculated plants were transplanted into pots containing sterilized soil, and maintained in the greenhouse at 25/20°C (12/12 h). Twenty-four seedlings of each cultivar were arranged into three replications. An equal number of plants of each cultivar dipped in water were used as control treatments. Disease reaction was evaluated 3 weeks after inoculation, using a disease index on a scale of 0 to 4 (0 = no symptoms, 1 = slightly swollen and/or bent hypocotyl, 2 = one or two brown vascular bundles in the hypocotyl, 3 = at least two brown vascular bundles and growth distortion, 4 = all vascular bundles brown and the plant either dead or very small and wilted). All isolates caused symptoms of fusarium wilt on all cultivars except I3R-1, indicating that the isolates were race 3. The pathogen was reisolated from the discolored vascular tissue of symptomatic plants. Control plants remained asymptomatic, and the pathogen was not reisolated from the vascular tissue. Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici races 1 and 2 has been reported previously; however, race 3 has not been reported in Korea (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 on tomato in Korea. References: (1) O. S. Hur et al. Res. Plant Dis. 18:304, 2012 (in Korean). (2) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA, 2006. (3) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 95:2044, 1998. (4) M. Rep et al. Mol. Microbiol. 53:1373, 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-W Choi
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - S K Hong
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Y K Lee
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - H S Shim
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
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Kim EK, Joo MK, Baik SY, Hong SK. P161: Knowledge and perception toward hand hygiene among health- care workers in teaching hospital, Korea. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013. [PMCID: PMC3687762 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-2-s1-p161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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22
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Hong SK, Kyoung K, Kim Y, Kim S. A prospective, randomized, clinical trial comparing the hemodynamics, efficacy, and safety of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 compared to albumin in postoperative patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3363668 DOI: 10.1186/cc10857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
In June 2010, an internal fruit rot of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit was found in a commercial greenhouse in Ilsan City, Korea. Disease incidence reached approximately 5% of 30 tons of harvested peppers. Affected fruits commonly did not show external symptoms. However, when the fruit was cut open, an internal rot and pinkish gray mycelium were observed on the seeds and the inner surface of fruit. Discolored soft patches, browning, and necrosis were observed on the outer surface of some fruits. Fragments (5 × 5 mm2) of the affected tissues were surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 30 s and then rinsed twice in sterile distilled water. The pieces were placed on water agar and incubated at 25°C for 4 to 6 days. Twenty-nine Fusarium isolates were obtained from 12 diseased fruits and maintained on synthetic low nutrient agar (SNA) at 10°C. The isolates were cultured on carnation leaf agar (CLA) and SNA at 23°C with 12 h of near-ultraviolet light per day for 14 days. Microconidia were abundant, borne in short, zig-zag chains or false heads, obovoid or clavate with a flattened base, and measured 4.3 to 7.1 × 2.2 to 3.3 μm. Macroconidia were sparse, thin walled, slender, straight to slightly curved, and measured 32 to 48 × 2.8 to 3.9 μm. Sporodochia were rare on CLA and chlamydospores were absent. The translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) gene was amplified from four isolates (SPF01, SPF09, SPF16, and SPF22) by PCR assay using ef1 and ef2 primers (2), and the 700-bp amplification products were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. JF411956 to JF411959). BLAST analysis showed 98% homology with the EF-1α sequence of Fusarium lactis NRRL25200 (GenBank Accession No. AF160272). All isolates were identified as F. lactis based on morphological and molecular characteristics (1). Pathogenicity tests of the four isolates were conducted by inoculating flowers on plants of the orange pepper cv. Orange Glory (3). A spore suspension was prepared by flooding 5-day-old cultures on potato dextrose agar with sterile distilled water. When the plants started to flower, each flower was inoculated by placing 20 μl of spore suspension (1 × 106 conidia/ml) on each flower. Four isolates of F. lactis were each inoculated onto three flowers on each of seven plants. Flowers from the same number of plants inoculated with sterile distilled water were used as the control treatment. Inoculated plants were kept in a greenhouse at 25°C by day and 20°C by night. Sixty days after inoculation, mature fruits were harvested and cut open to check for internal rot. Approximately 70% of inoculated fruits showed internal rot and pinkish gray mycelial growth on the inner surface of the fruits. No symptoms were observed on the control fruits. Fungal cultures resembling F. lactis were reisolated from inoculated fruits for all four isolates, fulfilling Koch's postulates. F. lactis has been reported on sweet pepper in the Netherlands and Canada (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of internal fruit rot of sweet pepper caused by F. lactis in Korea. Although disease severity was low in this greenhouse, the economic impact on sweet pepper could be significant because the disease can reduce the quality, quantity, and market value of pepper fruits. References: (1) H. I. Nirenberg and K. O'Donnell. Mycologia 90:434, 1998. (2) K. O'Donnell et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:2044, 1998. (3) J. Yang et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 31:47, 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-W Choi
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - S K Hong
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - W G Kim
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Y K Lee
- Crop Protection Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
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Hong SI, Hong SK, Wallace JM, Kohn DH. Ultrastructural observation of electron irradiation damage of lamellar bone. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2009; 20:959-965. [PMID: 19034616 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of murine femoral lamellar bone and the effect of electron irradiation (200 kV) on collagen and mineral features were investigated using in situ high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Bands of collagen fibrils were mostly aligned parallel to the long axis of the bones, with some bands of fibrils inclined in longitudinal sections. The similarity of the ultrastructure between the longitudinal and transverse sections supports the rotated plywood structure of the lamellar bone. The collagen fibrils appeared damaged and the mineral crystals were coarsened after electron irradiation. Continuous diffraction rings became spotty and the contrast between rings and the background became sharper, further suggesting coarsening of apatite crystals and increased crystallinity after irradiation. No new phases were observed after irradiation. Both the damage to collagen and coarsening of apatite crystals can deteriorate the strength and integrity of bone, and may provide insight into fracture in patients who have undergone radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Hong
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA.
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Lee JH, Hong SK, Hur HC, Choi YJ. Improvement of the resolution in direct membrane integrity test by controlling solution surface tension. Water Sci Technol 2009; 59:2205-2211. [PMID: 19494460 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-based treatment technologies have been introduced as a promising tool for the removal of water-borne pathogens. To ensure successful application of membrane processes, the integrity of the membrane system should be maintained. Related with evaluation of the membrane integrity, USEPA guidance recommends pressure-based membrane integrity (MIT). Based on the bubble point theory, the ability of detecting smallest integrity breakage during the MIT is defined as "Resolution". However, the response to remarkably small breach demands significantly high initial test pressure of the pressure decay test. In this study, the surface tension of the test liquid was controlled to improve the resolution without increasing the corresponding test pressure. Three common chemicals were chosen to control the solution surface tension. It is concluded that 0.1 M of the citric acid can decrease the initial test pressure significantly for the same pore size. Subsequently, the improvement of the resolution with controlled surface tension was confirmed by the results of pressure decay test and marker test.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Sungbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea.
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JU JUNGHUN, Lee JK, Sohn KH, Lee JP, Kim JH, Lim CH, Hong SK, Kim IY, Kim JR, Ock SW, Kim SH, Park KL. Immune related gene expression profiling of UVB‐induced photoaging skin in SKH‐1 hairless mice. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.2_supplement.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JUNG HUN JU
- Toxicological research DepartmentNITRKFDASeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - JK Lee
- Toxicological research DepartmentNITRKFDASeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - KH Sohn
- Toxicological research DepartmentNITRKFDASeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - JP Lee
- Toxicological research DepartmentNITRKFDASeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - JH Kim
- Toxicological research DepartmentNITRKFDASeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - CH Lim
- Toxicological research DepartmentNITRKFDASeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - SK Hong
- Toxicological research DepartmentNITRKFDASeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - IY Kim
- Toxicological research DepartmentNITRKFDASeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - JR Kim
- Toxicological research DepartmentNITRKFDASeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - SW Ock
- Toxicological research DepartmentNITRKFDASeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - SH Kim
- Toxicological research DepartmentNITRKFDASeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kui Lea Park
- Toxicological research DepartmentNITRKFDASeoulRepublic of Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary complications frequently occur after liver transplantation, but the risk factors associated with them have not been fully determined. We therefore sought to identify risk factors for pulmonary complications among adult liver transplant recipients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 128 consecutive adult patients who underwent 131 liver transplantations during 2001. We evaluated the incidence, time of onset, and outcome of radiographically determined pulmonary complications, as well as the factors predictive of infectious complications. RESULTS Postoperative chest roentgenograms detected 68 cases of pulmonary complications, including pleural effusion (n = 50), atelectasis (n = 6), pneumonia (n = 6), pulmonary edema (n = 5), and acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with pneumonia (n = 1). Of the seven patients with pneumonia, five died. On univariate analysis the risk factors predictive for pneumonia were high serum creatinine and total bilirubin, hemodialysis at the time of occurrence, and history of acute rejection and on multivariate analysis increased total bilirubin and history of acute rejection. Pulmonary complications were dependent on the medical condition at the time of occurrence rather than on the preoperative condition. CONCLUSIONS Although the incidence of pneumonia in liver recipients was relatively low, the mortality rate in patients who developed this complication was high. High-risk patients undergoing liver transplantation thus require early diagnosis and intensive treatment to diminish the morbidity and mortality associated with pulmonary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Hong
- Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Moon IS, Kim DG, Lee MD, Hong SK, Park SC, Oh DY, Ahn ST, Lee YJ. A new venous conduit utilizing the recipient portal vein branches for segment V in adult partial liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:1117-8. [PMID: 15848640 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Right anterior-medial lobe congestion due to temporary clamping of segment V and/or VIII is common in the operative theater during adult donor right lobe liver transplantation, the most common procedure in our institute. We have used an autogenous saphenous vein conduit to recipient portal vein tributaries in 15 cases, as a "Y-to-I venoplasty" since January 2004. The recipient portal vein is transected 5 mm proximal to its bifurcation and extended to both sides with partial hepatic dissection. The "Y-to-I venoplasty" is made by suture closure of the portal vein transversely to form a tube. The average length is 7.5 cm with a 1.3 cm width. One end of "Y-to-I venoplasty" conduit is anastomosed to the donor segment V branch on the back table. And the other end is anastomosed directly to the IVC via a new window or the middle hepatic vein stump in recipient. The phase distension of the conduit with respiration is noted in the operative field. A 6/15 (40%) patency rate, was observed by CT angiography at the second postoperative week. All-patient conduits showed good flow on serial examinations at the 60th postoperative day. This new venous graft, made of recipient portal vein is a good conduit for segment V decongestion in adult right lobe partial liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Moon
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
Relatively little data is available on regional differences in both morphological and functional studies of vaginal smooth muscle in the rabbit. Histological and in vitro strip studies were performed upon the vaginal walls of 10-week-old New Zealand White rabbits discriminately according to location (upper, middle or lower) and the type of muscle arrangement (longitudinal or circular). The contraction and relaxation responses of the vaginal smooth muscle were assessed. The upper and middle third of the vagina were histologically characterized by an abundance of smooth muscle, while the lower third was composed of numerous sinusoids scattered among smooth muscle bundles. The peak amplitudes of 60 mM KCl-induced contraction per tissue strip weight were regionally different (upper>middle>lower). Contractile responses induced by adrenergic agonists (epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine and isopreterenol) showed regional differences, and were mainly of a tonic nature in lower part and strong phasic in middle and upper vagina. Electrical field stimulation induced a prominent relaxation response in the lower third of the vagina precontracted with phenylephrine (5 microM). This relaxation response was partially inhibited by N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NAME, 43.3+/-6.9%, s.e.), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and D-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (11.3+/-4.4%), a VIP receptor antagonist. The type of muscle arrangement did not affect the results. Our results demonstrated that rabbit vagina has regional difference, not only histologically but also functionally. The contractile response was induced in all regions of the rabbit vagina by sympathetic agonists, while the prominent nerve-mediated relaxation was identified in the lower third portion of the rabbit vagina. The nature of relaxation and contractile function of vagina awaits future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Oh
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Back SK, Sung B, Hong SK, Na HS. A MOUSE MODEL FOR PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY PRODUCED BY A PARTIAL INJURY OF THE NERVE SUPPLYING THE TAIL. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8027.2002.02032_7.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chang KH, Kim JM, Song YG, Hong SK, Lee HC, Lim SK. Does race protect an oriental population from developing lipodystrophy in HIV-infected individuals on HAART? J Infect 2002; 44:33-8. [PMID: 11972416 DOI: 10.1053/jinf.2001.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia and hyperinsulinaemia are common metabolic complications of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected Caucasians. We questioned whether such complications also occur in other races. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed in an outpatient clinic of a university teaching hospital with 156 Koreans, divided into HIV-infected subjects receiving HAART (n=57, group 1), HAART-naïve subjects (n=42, group 2), and healthy controls (n=57, group 3). Lipodystrophy was assessed by physical examination and questionnaire and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, free fatty acid (FFA), Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), glucose, insulin, c-peptide, leptin, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), CD4, CD8 lymphocyte counts and HIV RNA load were measured. RESULTS Lipodystrophy was observed in only 3.5% of HAART-treated HIV-infected Koreans. No statistical difference in regional fat accumulation or peripheral fat wasting was observed between groups 1, 2 and 3. No statistical difference in triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, FFA, ApoA1, ApoB, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, leptin, cortisol, and DHEA were observed between groups 1, 2 and 3. HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in HIV-infected individuals compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia, and insulin resistance are rare metabolic complications of HAART in an oriental HIV-infected group of individuals. These findings warrant further race-specific metabolic complication studies in HIV-infected subjects receiving HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 120-752, Seoul, Korea
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Lee WJ, Lee HW, Palmer JP, Park KS, Lee HK, Park JY, Hong SK, Lee KU. Islet cell autoimmunity and mitochondrial DNA mutation in Korean subjects with typical and atypical Type I diabetes. Diabetologia 2001; 44:2187-91. [PMID: 11793020 DOI: 10.1007/s001250100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The 1997 American Diabetes Association classification of diabetes mellitus included a subset of Type I diabetic patients who do not need insulin for several years but eventually progress to complete insulin deficiency i. e. atypical Type I diabetes mellitus. In Caucasian populations, most Type I diabetic patients have auto-antibodies against islet cells. We examined the frequency of the auto-antibodies against islet cells and mitochondrial DNA 3243 mutation in Koreans with typical and atypical Type I diabetes mellitus. METHODS We measured plasma C-peptide level in 1870 consecutive Korean diabetic patients. Of these, 56 patients had insulin deficiency (fasting and glucagon-stimulated plasma C-peptide concentrations < or = 0.2 nmol/l and < or = 0.32 nmol/l, respectively), and they were subdivided into typical (n = 26) and atypical Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (n = 30) according to clinical manifestation. Islet cell antibody was measured by indirect immunofluorescence. Anti-GAD antibody and anti-ICA512 antibody were measured by radioimmunoassay. Mitochondrial DNA 3243 mutation was detected using restriction enzyme Apa-I digestion of the amplified genomic DNA. RESULTS The overall prevalence of auto-antibodies in the typical and atypical groups was 77% and 57%, respectively. Mitochondrial DNA 3243 mutation was found in 3 out of 30 (10%) of atypical Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients but not in typical Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Autoimmunity might not be the only cause of progressive insulin deficiency in Koreans. Mitochondrial DNA mutation is another identifiable cause but the cause(s) of insulin deficiency in the remainder of Type I diabetic patients without autoimmunity is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Poongnap-dong, Songpa-ku, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
We examined whether the extent of sympathetic sprouting in the dorsal root ganglion was a function of the number of injured nerve fibers. We compared two groups of rats. One group was subjected to unilateral superior and inferior caudal trunk transections at the level between the S1 and S2 spinal nerves (S-I group) and the other group was subjected to unilateral superior caudal trunk transection at the same level (S group). Immunohistochemical staining with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) antibody of the S1 DRG revealed that the degree of TH-immunoreactive fibers was more extensive in the S-I group than in the S group. However, there was no difference in the severity of neuropathic pain behaviors between the two groups. These results suggest that the extent of sympathetic sprouting in the DRG following peripheral nerve injury is proportionally related to the amount of injured nerve fibers, but not related to the degree of neuropathic pain behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5 ga, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, Korea
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Im SH, Wang KC, Kim SK, Oh CW, Kim DG, Hong SK, Kim NR, Chi JG, Cho BK. Childhood meningioma: unusual location, atypical radiological findings, and favorable treatment outcome. Childs Nerv Syst 2001; 17:656-62. [PMID: 11734983 DOI: 10.1007/s003810100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2000] [Revised: 07/01/2001] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTS To investigate the characteristics of childhood meningioma, especially, locations, radiological findings, pathological features (including proliferative potential) and outcome, 11 children with meningiomas were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Unusual location, large size, frequent calcification, and cyst formation were characteristic radiological findings. Gross total resection was achieved in 8 patients, and there was recurrence in 2. Gamma knife radiosurgery was performed on residual and recurrent tumors. MIB-1 indices tended to be high in large tumors. Nine patients had a Karnofsky Performance Scale of more than 70 during the follow-up period of 10 months to 19.5 years. Surgical treatment rendered 4 of 5 epileptic patients seizure free. The childhood meningiomas examined had unusual locations, atypical radiological findings, and various proliferative potentials. CONCLUSIONS Complete resection is the treatment of choice. Gamma knife radiosurgery can be a good alternative for residual tumors and small recurrent tumors. The outcome of childhood meningiomas is good after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Im
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lee
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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36
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Hong SK, Anestis DK, Valentovic MA, Ball JG, Brown PI, Rankin GO. Gender differences in the potentiation of N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide metabolite nephrotoxicity by phenobarbital. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2001; 64:241-256. [PMID: 11594702 DOI: 10.1080/15287390152543717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural fungicide N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) induces acute nephrotoxicity characterized as polyuric renal failure with proximal tubular necrosis. Phenobarbital pretreatment potentiates NDPS and N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinimide (NDHS, a nephrotoxic metabolite of NDPS) nephrotoxicity in male rats. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of phenobarbital pretreatment to potentiate (1) NDHS nephrotoxicity in female rats and (2) N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinamic acid (2-NDHSA, a nephrotoxic metabolite of NDHS) nephrotoxicity in male and female rats. Age-matched male and female Fischer 344 rats (4/group) were pretreated intraperitoneally (ip) with phenobarbital (75 mg/d, 3 d). At 24 h after the last injection of phenobarbital, an ip injection of NDHS (0.025 mmol/kg), 2-NDHSA (0.025 mmol/kg, females; 0.05 mmol/kg, males), or vehicle was given and renal function was monitored at 24 and 48 h post NDPS metabolite or vehicle. Additional groups received the NDPS metabolite or vehicle only and were also monitored for 48 h. In a separate experiment, male Fischer 344 rats were pretreated with piperonyl butoxide (PIBX, 1360 mg/kg) or the PIBX vehicle. 2-NDHSA (0.1 mmol/kg) or vehicle was administered (ip) 30 min after PIBX, and renal function was monitored for 24 h. Phenobarbital markedly potentiated 2-NDHSA nephrotoxicity in male rats as evidenced by increased kidney weight, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, and decreased tetraethylammonium (TEA) accumulation by renal cortical slices. PIBX had no effect on 2-NDHSA nephrotoxicity. Phenobarbital pretreatment did not markedly enhance the nephrotoxic potential of NDHS or 2-NDHSA in female rats. These results indicate that phenobarbital exhibits differential potentiation of NDPS metabolite nephrotoxicity in male and female rats and that the potentiation of 2-NDHSA nephrotoxicity observed in males is not due to cytochrome P-450-mediated oxidative biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia 25704-9388, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To introduce a new surgical technique for endoscopic removal of the antral portion of antrochoanal polyp (ACP) by powered instrumentation and to determine its efficacy by measures of relevant patient outcome. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study in 28 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for ACP by our surgical technique. METHODS Improvements of clinical symptoms and endoscopic and computed tomographic findings were evaluated postoperatively with a follow-up period ranging from 12 to 52 months. All symptom scores on a 100-mm visual analogue scale before operation were compared with those at the last visit after operation. Postoperative endoscopic and computed tomographic findings were graded using a three-point scale ranging from 0 to 2. In surgical technique, the antral portion of ACP was identified through the enlarged ostium under intranasal endoscopy and removed by a blade of powered instrumentation that was inserted through the canine fossa. RESULTS Symptom scores were all significantly reduced postoperatively. All but one patient showed improvement in clinical symptoms and endoscopic and computed tomographic findings during the follow-up period. There were no major complications specific to this technique. CONCLUSION Our technique provides an attractive alternative to other methods for removing the antral portion of an ACP and is associated with excellent outcomes and minimal morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Ewha Women's University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim BH, Bang IS, Lee SY, Hong SK, Bang SH, Lee IS, Park YK. Expression of cspH, encoding the cold shock protein in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium UK-1. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:5580-8. [PMID: 11544220 PMCID: PMC95449 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.19.5580-5588.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli contain the cspH gene encoding CspH, one of the cold shock proteins (CSPs). In this study, we investigated the expression of cspH in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and found that it was induced in response to a temperature downshift during exponential phase. The cspH promoter was activated at 37 degrees C, and its mRNA was more stable than the other csp mRNAs at 37 degrees C. Moreover, lacZ expression of the translational cspH-lacZ fusion was induced at that temperature. Interestingly, the cspH mRNA had a much shorter 5'-untranslated region than those in the other cold-shock-inducible genes, and the promoter sequence, which was only 55 bp, was sufficient for cspH expression. The 14-base downstream box located 12 bases downstream of the initiation codon of cspH mRNA was essential for its cold shock activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Abstract
Quantification of arthritic pain can be very useful in elucidating the mechanisms of arthritis and in assessing the effect of anti-arthritic medication or treatment. Here we report a novel method that allows convenient measurements of the severity of arthritic pain in voluntarily walking rats. We constructed a device to measure the weight load on each leg while the animal was walking through a path, the bottom of which was equipped with strain gauge weight sensors. Using this device, we measured the weight load on the right hind leg before and after induction of arthritis by carrageenan injection into the knee joint cavity of this leg. The carrageenan injection resulted in a significant reduction of weight load on the affected leg; the load decreased to the minimum level at 4 h after the injection and gradually returned to the pre-injection level by the fifth day. Intraperitoneal administration of morphine at 5.5 h after carrageenan injection could reverse the weight load change. These results suggest that our new device is an effective tool for convenient measurements of arthritic pain in dynamic conditions like walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Min
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5 ga, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
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Chung SK, Sim KB, Cho BK, Hong SK, Wang KC. Is the re-closure of surgically induced open neural tube defect the repetition of primary neurulation? An experimental study with chick embryos. Neurosci Lett 2001; 307:69-72. [PMID: 11427302 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that surgically induced open neural tube defects (ONTDs) tend to re-close in early embryonic stages. To investigate whether the process of re-closure is a repetition of primary neurulation, the morphological changes of surgically induced ONTDs were chronologically examined in early chick embryos. Longitudinal incisions of 3-somite length were made in the neural tubes of chick embryos at Hamburger and Hamilton stage 18 or 19. About half of the embryos showed complete closure of the skin on surgical microscopic examination. The re-closed neural tubes showed no remarkable differences from the controls on histological examination. The process of re-closure involved a zipper-like (ventral to dorsal) closure in the transverse sections of neural tubes. The results indicate that the re-closure of surgically induced ONTDs does not repeat the process of natural primary neurulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wooridul Spine Hospital, 47 Chungdam-dong, Kangnam-gu, 135-100, Seoul, South Korea
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Rankin GO, Hong SK, Anestis DK, Lash LH, Miles SL. In vitro nephrotoxicity induced by N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) metabolites in isolated renal cortical cells from male and female Fischer 344 rats: evidence for a nephrotoxic sulfate conjugate metabolite. Toxicology 2001; 163:73-82. [PMID: 11516516 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(01)00376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The agricultural fungicide N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) induces nephrotoxicity in vivo that is characterized as acute polyuric renal failure and proximal tubular necrosis. However, earlier in vitro studies have failed to reproduce the in vivo nephrotoxicity seen with NDPS or its nephrotoxic metabolites N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinimide (NDHS) and N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinamic acid (2-NDHSA). The purpose of this study was to examine the nephrotoxic potential of NDPS, its known non-conjugated metabolites, the O-sulfate conjugate of NDHS (NSC), and the putative metabolite N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)maleimide (NDPM) and its hydrolysis product N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)maleamic acid (NDPMA) using freshly isolated renal cortical cells (IRCC). IRCC were obtained from untreated male or female Fischer 344 rats following collagenase perfusion of the kidneys. Cells (approximately 4 million per ml) (N=4) were incubated with up to 1.0 mM NDPS or an NDPS metabolite or vehicle for up to 120 min. Cytotoxicity was determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the medium. Only NSC (>0.5 mM) and NDPM (> or =0.5 mM) exposure increased LDH release from IRCC. NSC 1.0 mM or NDPM 0.5 mM increased LDH release from IRCC within 15--30 min of exposure. NDPS or the remaining NDPS metabolites did not increase LDH release at bath concentrations of 1.0 mM for exposures of 120 min. IRCC from male and female rats responded similarly to the toxic effects of NDPS and its metabolites. These results demonstrate that sulfate conjugates of NDPS metabolites can be fast acting nephrotoxicants and could contribute to NDPS nephrotoxicity in vivo. These results also suggest that the kidney probably accumulates toxic sulfate conjugates of NDPS metabolites rather than forming the conjugates. In addition, mechanisms responsible for gender differences in nephrotoxicity seen with NDPS and NDPS metabolites in vivo either occur prior to renal accumulation of sulfate conjugates and/or represent biochemical/physiological differences between the genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1542 Spring Valley Drive, Huntington, WV 25704-9388, USA.
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Abstract
For the patients who visit outpatient clinics due to asymptomatic microscopic hematuria, cystoscopy has been looked upon as rather invasive compared to other diagnostic methods. We tried to elucidate the actual diagnostic value of cystoscopy in the initial evaluation of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. We reviewed the results of cystoscopic examinations in 213 patients who visited our hospital due to asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. No definite lesion that could explain the microscopic hematuria was detected by means of IVP, urine cytology, and other nephrologic evaluations for all the patients. Among the abnormal cystoscopic findings in 55 patients, the lesions suspected to be directly related to microscopic hematuria were classified as 'significant lesions' (31 patients, 17.6%) which include entities such as bladder cancer (1.31%). 27 of 31 patients with significant lesions (85.2%) were over 50 yr old, and furthermore, 3 patients who were diagnosed as bladder tumor by cystoscopy were over 60 yr. Cystoscopy should be utilized as initial diagnostic modality in older patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria to rule out any possibility of bladder cancer occurrence. Further studies are needed to justify implementation of cystoscopy as an initial diagnostic modality in younger patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Kim DY, Kang HC, Shin HC, Lee KJ, Yoon YW, Han HC, Na HS, Hong SK, Kim YI. Substance p plays a critical role in photic resetting of the circadian pacemaker in the rat hypothalamus. J Neurosci 2001; 21:4026-31. [PMID: 11356889 PMCID: PMC6762721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is considered to be the primary neurotransmitter in the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), which delivers photic information from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the locus of the mammalian circadian pacemaker. However, substance P (SP) also has been suggested to play a role in retinohypothalamic transmission. In this study, we sought evidence that SP from the RHT contributes to photic resetting of the circadian pacemaker and further explored the possible interaction of SP with glutamate in this process. In rat hypothalamic slices cut parasagittally, electrical stimulation of the optic nerve in early and late subjective night produced a phase delay (2.4 +/- 0.5 hr; mean +/- SEM) and advance (2.6 +/- 0.3 hr) of the circadian rhythm of SCN neuronal firing activity, respectively. The SP antagonist L-703,606 (10 microm) applied to the slices during the nerve stimulation completely blocked the phase shifts. Likewise, a cocktail of NMDA (2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, 50 microm) and non-NMDA (6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, 10 microm) antagonists completely blocked the shifts. Exogenous application of SP (1 microm) or glutamate (100 microm) to the slices in early subjective night produced a phase delay ( approximately 3 hr) of the circadian firing activity rhythm of SCN neurons. Coapplication of the NMDA and non-NMDA antagonist cocktail (as well as L-703,606) resulted in a complete blockade of the SP-induced phase delay, whereas L-703,606 (10 microm) had no effect on the glutamate-induced delay. These results suggest that SP, as well as glutamate, has a critical role in photic resetting. Furthermore, the results suggest that the two agonists act in series, SP working upstream of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 136-705
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Kim YI, Kim CH, Choi CS, Chung YE, Lee MS, Lee SI, Park JY, Hong SK, Lee KU. Microalbuminuria is associated with the insulin resistance syndrome independent of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in the Korean population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001; 52:145-52. [PMID: 11311969 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(01)00228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether microalbuminuria is associated with the insulin resistance syndrome independent of hypertension and type 2 diabetes, we studied the association between microalbuminuria and features of insulin resistance syndrome in Korean general population. We selected 1006 subjects by a random cluster sampling among residents aged >40 years living in the Chung-Up district, a rural area of South Korea. Subjects were stratified by oral glucose tolerance status [normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetes mellitus], and by the presence or absence of hypertension. Urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) was determined using timed overnight urine collection. Various cardiovascular risk factors including anthropometric indices, serum lipid, true insulin and proinsulin concentrations were also measured. The prevalence of microalbuminuria (UAER between 20 and 200 microg/min) increased as the glucose tolerance worsened (6.0% in NGT, 11.8% in IGT, and 21.8% in diabetes; chi(2) trend=25.9, P<0.001). Subjects with microalbuminuria had a higher body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), fasting and 2 h plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin and proinsulin levels, and lower HDL-cholesterol level than subjects without microalbuminuria. In multiple regression analysis, BMI, diastolic BP, 2 h plasma glucose, and fasting plasma insulin levels were found to be independent factors associated with UAER. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that not only diabetes mellitus and hypertension, but also fasting hyperinsulinemia and waist-to-hip ratio were independent factors associated with the presence of microalbuminuria. When the normotensive, non-diabetic subjects were analyzed separately, fasting hyperinsulinemia and impaired glucose tolerance remained independent variables associated with the presence of microalbuminuria. These results show that microalbuminuria in the Korean general population is associated with hyperinsulinemia and central obesity, and suggest that microalbuminuria is a feature of the insulin resistance syndrome independent of hypertension or type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y I Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Hong SK, Pawlikowski SA, Vander Meulen KA, Yocum CF. The oxidation state of the photosystem II manganese cluster influences the structure of manganese stabilizing protein. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1504:262-74. [PMID: 11245790 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of photosystem II membranes to trypsin that has been treated to inhibit chymotrypsin activity produces limited hydrolysis of manganese stabilizing protein. Exposure to chymotrypsin under the same conditions yields substantial digestion of the protein. Further probing of the unusual insensitivity of manganese stabilizing protein to trypsin hydrolysis reveals that increasing the temperature from 4 to 25 degrees C will cause some acceleration in the rate of proteolysis. However, addition of low (100 microM) concentrations of NH2OH, that are sufficient to reduce, but not destroy, the photosystem II Mn cluster, causes a change in PS II-bound manganese stabilizing protein that causes it to be rapidly digested by trypsin. Immunoblot analyses with polyclonal antibodies directed against the N-terminus of the protein, or against the entire sequence show that trypsin cleavage produces two distinct peptide fragments estimated to be in the 17-20 kDa range, consistent with proposals that there are 2 mol of the protein/mol photosystem II. The correlation of trypsin sensitivity with Mn redox state(s) in photosystem II suggest that manganese stabilizing protein may interact either directly with Mn, or alternatively, that the polypeptide is bound to another protein of the photosystem II reaction center that is intimately involved in binding and redox activity of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Hong
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
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Abstract
A case is presented of painful tic convulsif caused by schwannoma in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), with right trigeminal neuralgia and ipsilateral hemifacial spasm. Magnetic resonance images showed a 4 cm round mass displacing the 4th ventricle and distorting the brain stem in the right CPA. The schwannoma, which compressed the fifth and seventh cranial nerves directly, was subtotally removed by a suboccipital craniectomy. Postoperatively, the patient had a complete relief from the hemifacial spasm and marked improvement from trigeminal neuralgia. The painful tic convulsif in this case was probably produced by the tumor compressing and displacing the anterior cerebellar artery directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Pyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Korea
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Abstract
Premature separation of the neuroectoderm from the ipsilateral surface ectoderm allowing mesenchymal tissue to invade into the central canal, or "premature dysjunction" theory, was proposed for the pathogenesis of dorsal type lumbosacral lipoma. To test this theory, the unilateral neural fold was incised using Hamburger and Hamilton stage 12 or 13 chick embryos. Among 35 embryos evaluated, 15 showed abnormal findings, and of these one showed findings which suggested lumbosacral lipoma: a back lump, blending of the neuroepithelium and mesenchyme through indistinct basement membrane and vertebral body abnormalities. The other 14 embryos showed abnormalities including blunt tails, open neural tube defects, incomplete closure of the dorsal neuroepithelium with intact skin, skin dimples, disorganized gray matter, scoliosis, ectopic neuroepithelium and an accessory spinal cord. The results revealed that the incision of the unilateral neural fold in the early chick embryo may produce a lesion suggestive of lumbosacral lipoma, a finding which supports the premature dysjunction theory. This method needs further refinement to overcome technical difficulties, high mortality, and a low yield before being adopted as an experimental model for lumbosacral lipoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Li
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery and Laboratory for Fetal Medicine Research, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongnu-ku, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Abstract
We report a case of simultaneous contralateral renal transitional cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. A 63-yr-old male presented with hematuria. He was diagnosed with left renal pelvis tumor and contralateral renal cell carcinoma. Subsequently, the patient received left nephrectomy and paraaortic lymphadenectomy (transitional cell carcinoma, pT3N2M0). Post-operatively, chemotherapy of renal pelvis tumor and angioinfarction of contralateral renal cell carcinoma are being considered. We believe that management planning should be individualized in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
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Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the decrease in spinal levels of SP and CGRP after peripheral nerve injury is related to neuropathic pain. We compared two groups of rats, both of which were subjected to unilateral transection of the inferior and superior caudal trunks between the S1 and S2 spinal nerves. One group exhibited well-developed neuropathic signs after the nerve injury, whereas the other group showed poorly developed signs despite the same nerve injury. The decrease in immunoreactivity of CGRP and SP in the S1 dorsal horn (injured segment) was not significantly different between the two groups. These results suggest that the decrease in spinal levels of CGRP and SP after peripheral nerve injury is not related to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Na
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul
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Park HC, Kim CH, Bae YK, Yeo SY, Kim SH, Hong SK, Shin J, Yoo KW, Hibi M, Hirano T, Miki N, Chitnis AB, Huh TL. Analysis of upstream elements in the HuC promoter leads to the establishment of transgenic zebrafish with fluorescent neurons. Dev Biol 2000; 227:279-93. [PMID: 11071755 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2000.9898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HuC encodes an RNA binding protein homologous to Drosophila elav that serves as an excellent early marker for differentiating neurons. We have characterized the promoter of the zebrafish HuC gene by examining the ability of 5'-upstream fragments to drive expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in live embryos. We determined that 2.8 kb of the 5'-flanking sequence is sufficient to restrict GFP gene expression to neurons. The core promoter spans 251 base pairs and contains a CCAAT box and one SP1 sequence but no TATA box is present near the transcription start site. A putative MyT1 binding site and at least 17 E-box sequences are necessary to maintain the neuronal specificity of HuC expression. Interestingly, sequential removal of the putative MyT1 binding site and 14 distal E boxes does not appear to abolish neuronal expression; rather, it leads to a progressive expansion of GFP expression into muscle cells. Further removal of the three proximal E boxes eliminates neuronal and muscle specificity of GFP expression and leads to ubiquitous expression of GFP in the whole body. Identification of key components of the HuC promoter has led to the establishment of a stable zebrafish transgenic line (HuC-GFP) in which GFP is expressed specifically in neurons. We crossed mind bomb (mib) fish with this line to visualize their neurogenic phenotype in live mib(-/-) mutant embryos. This cross illustrates how HuC-GFP fish could be used in the future to identify and analyze zebrafish mutants with an aberrant pattern of early neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, 702-701, Korea
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