1
|
Zhou Y, Zhao L, Chen Y, Dhanasekaran S, Chen X, Zhang X, Yang X, Wu M, Song Y, Zhang H. Study on the control effect and physiological mechanism of Wickerhamomyces anomalus on primary postharvest diseases of peach fruit. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110575. [PMID: 38244385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Brown rot, aspergillosis and soft rot are the primary diseases of postharvest peach fruit. Our study aimed to investigate the biocontrol effect of Wickerhamomyces anomalus on the primary postharvest diseases of peach fruit and to explore its underlying physiological mechanism. The findings demonstrated that W. anomalus had an obvious inhibitory effect on Monilinia fructicola, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer. At the same time, W. anomalus can grow stably on the wound and surface of peach fruit at 25 °C and 4 °C and can form biofilm. W. anomalus increased the activity of resistance-related enzymes such as PPO, POD, GLU and the content of secondary metabolites such as total phenols, flavonoids and lignin in peach. Furthermore, the application of W. anomalus led to a reduced MDA level in peach fruit and increased activity of the active oxygen-scavenging enzyme system. This increase involved various antioxidant defense enzymes such as SOD and CAT, as well as ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) enzymes, including APX, GPX, GR, DHAR, and MDHAR. Our findings demonstrate that W. anomalus exerts its biocontrol effect by growing rapidly, competing with pathogens for nutrition and space, and enhancing the disease resistance and antioxidative capabilities of the peach fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaqi Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Solairaj Dhanasekaran
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xifei Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzheng Yang
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China; College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Maoyu Wu
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chandrasekaran G, Dhanasekaran S, Moorthy C, Arul Oli A. Multimodal sentiment analysis leveraging the strength of deep neural networks enhanced by the XGBoost classifier. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38340022 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2313066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Multimodal sentiment analysis, an increasingly vital task in the realms of natural language processing and machine learning, addresses the nuanced understanding of emotions and sentiments expressed across diverse data sources. This study presents the Hybrid LXGB (Long short-term memory Extreme Gradient Boosting) Model, a novel approach for multimodal sentiment analysis that merges the strengths of long short-term memory (LSTM) and XGBoost classifiers. The primary objective is to address the intricate task of understanding emotions across diverse data sources, such as textual data, images, and audio cues. By leveraging the capabilities of deep learning and gradient boosting, the Hybrid LXGB Model achieves an exceptional accuracy of 97.18% on the CMU-MOSEI dataset, surpassing alternative classifiers, including LSTM, CNN, DNN, and XGBoost. This study not only introduces an innovative model but also contributes to the field by showcasing its effectiveness and balance in capturing the nuanced spectrum of sentiments within multimodal datasets. The comparison with equivalent studies highlights the model's remarkable success, emphasizing its potential for practical applications in real-world scenarios. The Hybrid LXGB Model offers a unique and promising perspective in the realm of multimodal sentiment analysis, demonstrating the significance of integrating LSTM and XGBoost for enhanced performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Chandrasekaran
- Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Dhanasekaran
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Eshwar College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Moorthy
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Arul Oli
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Xin Y, Wang J, Dhanasekaran S, Yue Q, Feng F, Gu X, Li B, Zhao L, Zhang H. Characterization of a Bacillus velezensis strain as a potential biocontrol agent against soft rot of eggplant fruits. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 410:110480. [PMID: 37977077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest soft rot of eggplant fruits caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum is a bacterial disease with a high disease incidence and produces substantial economic losses. This study aimed to control postharvest soft rot of eggplant fruits by Bacillus velezensis and investigate the possible control mechanisms based on the effects of B. velezensis on P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) and eggplant fruits, respectively. B. velezensis effectively controlled postharvest soft rot of eggplant fruits and directly inhibited Pcc growth in vitro. The volatile metabolites produced by B. velezensis showed no inhibition on Pcc. Whereas the cell-free filtrate of B. velezensis significantly inhibited the growth of Pcc in vitro and in vivo. Notably, methanol-soluble precipitates obtained from cell-free filtrate showed significant inhibition on Pcc, and the primary inhibitory substances were identified as surfactin isoforms. Besides, iturin and fengycin isoforms with much lower relative abundance were also detected in the methanol-soluble precipitates. Furthermore, B. velezensis enhanced the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes in eggplant fruits that alleviated ROS and oxidative damage; thereby, B. velezensis enhanced the fruits' disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yu Xin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Solairaj Dhanasekaran
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qingrong Yue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Faping Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiangyu Gu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao L, Hu Y, Liang L, Dhanasekaran S, Zhang X, Yang X, Wu M, Song Y, Zhang H. WSC1 Regulates the Growth, Development, Patulin Production, and Pathogenicity of Penicillium expansum Infecting Pear Fruits. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:1025-1034. [PMID: 38181197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the role of WSC1 in the infection of pear fruit by Penicillium expansum was investigated. The WSC1 gene was knocked out and complemented by Agrobacterium-mediated homologous recombination technology. Then, the changes in growth, development, and pathogenic processes of the knockout mutant and the complement mutant were analyzed. The results indicated that deletion of WSC1 slowed the growth rate, reduced the mycelial and spore yield, and reduced the ability to produce toxins and pathogenicity of P. expansum in pear fruits. At the same time, the deletion of WSC1 reduced the tolerance of P. expansum to cell wall stress factors, enhanced antioxidant capacity, decreased hypertonic sensitivity, decreased salt stress resistance, and was more sensitive to most metal ions. Our results confirmed that WSC1 plays an important role in maintaining cell wall integrity and responding to stress, toxin production, and the pathogenicity of P. expansum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yize Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyi Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Solairaj Dhanasekaran
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzheng Yang
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Maoyu Wu
- Jinan Fruit Research Institute, All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ackah M, Boateng NAS, Dhanasekaran S, Zhang H, Yang Q. Genome wide and comprehensive analysis of the cytochrome P450 (CYPs) gene family in Pyrus bretschneideri: Expression patterns during Sporidiobolus pararoseus Y16 enhanced with ascorbic acid (VC) treatment. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 206:108303. [PMID: 38154299 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) constitute the largest group of enzymes in plants and are involved in a variety of processes related to growth and protection. However, the CYP gene superfamily in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) and their characteristics is unclear. Through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis, this article identified a total of 74 CYP genes in the P. bretschneideri genome, which were categorized into fourteen families. Motif analysis reveals that most of the ten motifs predicted were with the p450 conserved domain. The majority of the CYP genes have exon arrangements. Furthermore, promoter analysis unveiled a multitude of cis-acting elements associated with diverse responsiveness including hormones, light responsive, anoxic specific inducibility and anaerobic induction. Analysis of the transcriptome data reveal that about 80% of the pear CYPs genes were upregulated and they were positively correlated with the antioxidant's parameters such as total flavonoids and total phenol content as well as ABTS and DPPH radicals. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that the CYP genes could be regulated in pear. Collectively, our results reveal comprehensive insights into the CYP superfamily in pear and make a valuable contribution to the ongoing process of functional validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ackah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Adwoa Serwah Boateng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Ho Technical University, P.O.BOX HP 217, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Solairaj Dhanasekaran
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Godana EA, Yang Q, Zhang X, Zhao L, Wang K, Dhanasekaran S, Mehari TG, Zhang H. Biotechnological and Biocontrol Approaches for Mitigating Postharvest Diseases Caused by Fungal Pathogens and Their Mycotoxins in Fruits: A Review. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:17584-17596. [PMID: 37938803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest diseases caused by fungal pathogens are significant contributors to the postharvest losses of fruits. Moreover, some fungal pathogens produce mycotoxins, which further compromise the safety and quality of fruits. In this review, the potential of biotechnological and biocontrol approaches for mitigating postharvest diseases and mycotoxins in fruits is explored. The review begins by discussing the impact of postharvest diseases on fruit quality and postharvest losses. Next, it provides an overview of major postharvest diseases caused by fungal pathogens. Subsequently, it delves into the role of biotechnological approaches in controlling these diseases. The review also explored the application of biocontrol agents, such as antagonistic yeasts, bacteria, and fungi, which can suppress pathogen growth. Furthermore, future trends and challenges in these two approaches are discussed in detail. Overall, this review can provide insights into promising biotechnological and biocontrol strategies for managing postharvest diseases and mycotoxins in fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esa Abiso Godana
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Solairaj Dhanasekaran
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jyothi P, Dhanasekaran S. An attention 3DUNET and visual geometry group-19 based deep neural network for brain tumor segmentation and classification from MRI. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37979152 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
There has been an abrupt increase in brain tumor (BT) related medical cases during the past ten years. The tenth most typical type of tumor affecting millions of people is the BT. The cure rate can, however, rise if it is found early. When evaluating BT diagnosis and treatment options, MRI is a crucial tool. However, segmenting the tumors from magnetic resonance (MR) images is complex. The advancement of deep learning (DL) has led to the development of numerous automatic segmentation and classification approaches. However, most need improvement since they are limited to 2D images. So, this article proposes a novel and optimal DL system for segmenting and classifying the BTs from 3D brain MR images. Preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection, and tumor classification are the main phases of the proposed work. Preprocessing, such as noise removal, is performed on the collected brain MR images using bilateral filtering. The tumor segmentation uses spatial and channel attention-based three-dimensional u-shaped network (SC3DUNet) to segment the tumor lesions from the preprocessed data. After that, the feature extraction is done based on dilated convolution-based visual geometry group-19 (DCVGG-19), making the classification task more manageable. The optimal features are selected from the extracted feature sets using diagonal linear uniform and tangent flight included butterfly optimization algorithm. Finally, the proposed system applies an optimal hyperparameters-based deep neural network to classify the tumor classes. The experiments conducted on the BraTS2020 dataset show that the suggested method can segment tumors and categorize them more accurately than the existing state-of-the-art mechanisms.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Jyothi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - S Dhanasekaran
- Department of Information Technology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kalpana B, Reshmy A, Senthil Pandi S, Dhanasekaran S. OESV-KRF: Optimal ensemble support vector kernel random forest based early detection and classification of skin diseases. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2023.104779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
|
9
|
Bharathi D, Dhanasekaran S, Varshini R, Bhuvaneswari S, Periyasami G, Pandiaraj S, Lee J, Ranjithkumar R. Preparation of gallotannin loaded chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of organic dye and antibacterial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125052. [PMID: 37245753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan functionalization is a growing field of interest to enhance the unique characteristics of metal oxide nanoparticles. In this study, a facile synthesis method has been used to develop a gallotannin loaded chitosan/zinc oxide (CS/ZnO) nanocomposite. Initially, white color formation confirmed the formation, and physico-chemical natures of the prepared nanocomposite were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Crystalline of CS amorphous phase and ZnO patterns were demonstrated by XRD. FTIR revealed the presence of CS and gallotannin bio-active groups in the formed nanocomposite. Electron microscopy study exhibited that the produced nanocomposite had an agglomerated sheets like morphology with an average size of 50-130 nm. Further, the produced nanocomposite was assayed for methylene blue (MB) degradation activity from aqueous solution. After 30 min of irradiation, the efficiency of nanocomposite degradation was found to be 96.64 %. Moreover, prepared nanocomposite showed a potential and concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against S. aureus. In conclusion, our findings revealed that prepared nanocomposite can be used as an excellent photocatalyst as well as a bactericidal agent in industrial and clinical sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Bharathi
- School of Chemical engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - S Dhanasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 028, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Varshini
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 028, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Bhuvaneswari
- Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 028, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Govindasami Periyasami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Department of Self-Devalopment Skills, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajamani Ranjithkumar
- Viyen Biotech LLP, Coimbatore 034, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts and Science, Nava India, Coimbatore 04, Tamilnadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wei M, Dhanasekaran S, Ji Q, Yang Q, Zhang H. Sustainable and efficient method utilizing N-acetyl-L-cysteine for complete and enhanced ochratoxin A clearance by antagonistic yeast. J Hazard Mater 2023; 448:130975. [PMID: 36860082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing global climate change, ochratoxin A (OTA) pollution in food and environment has become a serious and potential risk element threatening food safety and human health. Biodegradation of mycotoxin is an eco-friendly and efficient control strategy. Still, research works are warranted to develop low-cost, efficient, and sustainable approaches to enhance the mycotoxin degradation efficiency of microorganisms. In this study, the activities of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) against OTA toxicity were evidenced, and its positive effects on the OTA degradation efficiency of antagonistic yeast, Cryptococcus podzolicus Y3 were verified. Co-culturing C. podzolicus Y3 with 10 mM NAC improved 100% and 92.6% OTA degradation rate into ochratoxin α (OTα) at 1 d and 2 d. The excellent promotion role of NAC on OTA degradation was observed even at low temperatures and alkaline conditions. C. podzolicus Y3 treated with OTA or OTA+NAC promoted reduced glutathione (GSH) accumulation. GSS and GSR genes were highly expressed after OTA and OTA+NAC treatment, contributing to GSH accumulation. In the early stages of NAC treatment, yeast viability and cell membrane were reduced, but the antioxidant property of NAC prevented lipid peroxidation. Our finding provides a sustainable and efficient new strategy to improve mycotoxin degradation by antagonistic yeasts, which could be applied to mycotoxin clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Solairaj Dhanasekaran
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihao Ji
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Dhanasekaran S, Ngea GLN, Yang Q, Zhang H. Overexpression of the SDR gene improves the ability of Meyerozyma guilliermondii to degrade patulin in pears and juices. Food Chem 2023; 417:135785. [PMID: 36913869 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular enzymes of antagonistic yeast are effective in controlling patulin (PAT) contamination. However, countless enzymes that have been revealed remain functionally uncharacterized. The study built on previous transcriptomic data obtained by our research group to amplify and express a gene encoding a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) in Meyerozyma guilliermondii. Overexpression of SDR increased the tolerance of M. guilliermondii to PAT and the ability to degrade PAT of the intracellular enzymes. Furthermore, MgSDR-overexpressed M. guilliermondii showed higher PAT degradation in juices (apple and peach) and controlled the blue mold of pears at 20 °C and 4 °C while significantly reduced the content of PAT and the biomass of Penicillium expansum in decayed tissues than wild-type M. guilliermondii. This study provides theoretical references for the subsequent heterologous expression, formulation, and application of the SDR protein from M. guilliermondii and contributes to elucidating the PAT degradation mechanism of antagonistic yeasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Solairaj Dhanasekaran
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao L, Shu Y, Quan S, Dhanasekaran S, Zhang X, Zhang H. Screening and Regulation Mechanism of Key Transcription Factors of Penicillium expansum Infecting Postharvest Pears by ATAC-Seq Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233855. [PMID: 36496662 PMCID: PMC9738651 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors play a key role in Penicillium expansum infection process. Although the crucial characteristics of some transcription factors of pathogenic fungi have been found, many transcription factors involved in P. expansum infections have not been explored and studied. This study aimed to screen the transcription factors of P. expansum involved in postharvest pear infections by ATAC-seq analysis and to analyze the differentially expressed peak-related genes by GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis. Our results found the up-regulation of differentially expressed peak-related genes involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Our study especially confirmed the differential regulation of transcription factors MCM1, Ste12 and gene WSC in the MAPK signaling pathway and PG1, RPE1 in the pentose and glucuronate interconversions pathway. These transcription factors and related genes might play an essential role in pear fruit infection by P. expansum. RT-qPCR validation of twelve expressed peak-related genes in P. expansum showed that the expression levels of these twelve genes were compatible with the ATAC-Seq. Our findings might shed some light on the regulatory molecular networks consisting of transcription factors that engaged in P. expansum invasion and infection of pear fruits.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang X, Zhou Y, Dhanasekaran S, Wang J, Zhou H, Gu X, Li B, Zhao L, Zhang H. Insights into the defense mechanisms involved in the induction of resistance against black spot of cherry tomatoes by Pichia caribbica. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Yang Q, Dhanasekaran S, Ngea GLN, Tian S, Li B, Zhang H. Unveiling ochratoxin a controlling and biodetoxification molecular mechanisms: Opportunities to secure foodstuffs from OTA contamination. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113437. [PMID: 36165818 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Anarchic growth of ochratoxin A (OTA) producing fungi during crop production, prolonged storage, and processing results in OTA contamination in foodstuffs. OTA in food exacerbates the risk of health and economic problems for consumers and farmers worldwide. Although the toxic effects of OTA on human health have not been well established, comprehensive preventive and remedial measures will be essential to eliminate OTA from foodstuffs. Strict regulations, controlling OTA at pre- or post-harvest stage, and decontamination of OTA have been adopted to prevent human and animal OTA exposure. Biological control of OTA and bio-decontamination are the most promising strategies due to their safety, specificity and nutritional value. This review addresses the current understanding of OTA biodegradation mechanisms and recent developments in OTA control and bio-decontamination strategies. Additionally, this review analyses the strength and weaknesses of different OTA control methods and the contemporary approaches to enhance the efficiency of biocontrol agents. Overall, this review will support the implementation of new strategies to effectively control OTA in food sectors. Further studies on efficacy-related issues, production issues and cost-effectiveness of OTA biocontrol are to be carried out to improve the knowledge, develop improved delivery technologies and safeguard the durability of OTA biocontrol approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Guillaume Legrand Ngolong Ngea
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Département de Transformation et Contrôle de qualité des Produits Halieutiques, Institut des Sciences Halieutiques, Université de Douala à Yabassi, PO. Box. 7236, Douala-Bassa, Cameroon
| | - Shiping Tian
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan Nanxincun 20, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan Nanxincun 20, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wei M, Dhanasekaran S, Yang Q, Ngolong Ngea GL, Godana EA, Zhang H. Degradation and stress response mechanism of Cryptococcus podzolicus Y3 on ochratoxin A at the transcriptional level. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.113061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
Dhanasekaran S, Yang Q, Godana EA, Liu J, Li J, Zhang H. Trehalose supplementation enhanced the biocontrol efficiency of Sporidiobolus pararoseus Y16 through increased oxidative stress tolerance and altered transcriptome. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:4425-4436. [PMID: 33987938 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the process of biological control, the antagonistic yeasts contend with various stresses that negatively influence yeasts' biocontrol efficiency. In the current study, we investigated the effect of trehalose supplementation on the biocontrol efficiency and oxidative stress tolerance of Sporidiobolus pararoseus Y16. RESULTS S. pararoseus Y16, an antagonistic yeast cultured in trehalose supplemented medium, exhibited better biocontrol efficiency against Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus tubingensis in table grapes. Trehalose-treated S. pararoseus Y16 cells showed good proliferation efficiency and oxidative stress tolerance than untreated cells. Increased β-1,3-glucanase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activity, and low protein carbonylation were observed in trehalose-amended S. pararoseus Y16 upon H2 O2 exposure. The RNA sequencing results indicated that trehalose significantly altered the transcriptome of S. pararoseus Y16. The GO, KEGG, and COG annotations revealed that the differentially regulated genes corresponded to the various biological process of the yeast. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that trehalose use could enhance the biocontrol efficiency and oxidative stress tolerance of S. pararoseus Y16. Trehalose supplementation altered the transcriptome of S. pararoseus Y16, particularly the genes that correspond to amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and protein modification. Thereby the oxidative stress tolerance and biological control efficiency of S. pararoseus Y16 was enhanced by trehalose. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solairaj Dhanasekaran
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Esa A Godana
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizhan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Analysis & Testing Center of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang X, Gu N, Zhou Y, Godana EA, Dhanasekaran S, Gu X, Zhao L, Zhang H. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanisms involved in the enhanced antagonistic efficacy of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa induced by chitosan. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
18
|
Ngolong Ngea GL, Qian X, Yang Q, Dhanasekaran S, Ianiri G, Ballester A, Zhang X, Castoria R, Zhang H. Securing fruit production: Opportunities from the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of postharvest fungal infections. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2508-2533. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Legrand Ngolong Ngea
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon
| | - Xin Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | | | - Giuseppe Ianiri
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise Campobasso Italy
| | - Ana‐Rosa Ballester
- Department of Food Biotechnology Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA‐CSIC) Paterna Valencia Spain
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Raffaello Castoria
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi del Molise Campobasso Italy
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gillette M, Satpathy S, Cao S, Dhanasekaran S, Vasaikar S, Krug K, Petralia F, Li Y, Liang WW, Reva B, Hong R, Savage S, Getz G, Li Q, Zhang B, Rodriguez H, Ruggles K, Robles A, Clauser K, Govindan R, Wang P, Nesvizhskii A, Ding L, Mani D, Carr S. A02 Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
20
|
Xiaoxiao X, Bin L, Ramkumar S, Saravanan S, Balaji MSP, Dhanasekaran S, Thimmiaraja J. Electroencephalogram based communication system for locked in state person using mentally spelled tasks with optimized network model. Artif Intell Med 2020; 102:101766. [PMID: 31980103 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2019.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to growth in population, Individual persons with disabilities are increasing daily. To overcome the disability especially in Locked in State (LIS) due to Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), we planned to design four states moving robot from four imagery tasks signals acquired from three electrode systems by placing the electrodes in three positions namely T1, T3 and FP1. At the time of the study we extract the features from Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and trained with Optimized Neural Network model to analyze the features. The proposed network model showed the highest performances with an accuracy of 93.86 % then that of conventional network model. To confirm the performances we conduct offline test. The offline test also proved that new network model recognizing accuracy was higher than the conventional network model with recognizing accuracy of 97.50 %. To verify our result we conducted Information Transfer Rate (ITR), from this analysis we concluded that optimized network model outperforms the other network models like conventional ordinary Feed Forward Neural Network, Time Delay Neural Network and Elman Neural Networks with an accuracy of 21.67 bits per sec. By analyzing classification performances, recognizing accuracy and Information Transformation Rate (ITR), we concluded that CWT features with optimized neural network model performances were comparably greater than that of normal or conventional neural network model and also the study proved that performances of male subjects was appreciated compared to female subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xiaoxiao
- School of Entrepreneurship, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei Province, 430070, China.
| | - Luo Bin
- School of Foreign Languages, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - S Ramkumar
- School of Computing, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), India
| | - S Saravanan
- Department of Information Science and Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | | | - S Dhanasekaran
- School of Computing, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), India
| | - J Thimmiaraja
- School of Computing, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumar GVS, Mangipudi KR, Sastry GVS, Singh LK, Dhanasekaran S, Sivaprasad K. Excellent Combination of Tensile ductility and strength due to nanotwinning and a biamodal structure in cryorolled austenitic stainless steel. Sci Rep 2020; 10:354. [PMID: 31941948 PMCID: PMC6962382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Austenitic stainless steels are prominent materials for their superior corrosion resistance and a combination of strength and ductility. However, the relatively low yield strength limits its application in high strength structural applications. Cryorolling is one of the promising methods of enhancing the mechanical properties of sheet metals. In the present work, Cryorolling of UNS S31000 stainless steel resulted in five-fold enhancement in yield strength with a significant loss in ductility. However, flash annealing at 800 °C for 120 s could restore its ductility up to 50% of its original ductility. The enhancement in strength is attributed to the formation of deformation nano-twins during flash annealing along with a bimodal grain structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Venkata Sarath Kumar
- Advanced Materials Processing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India.,Technical Center, Ashokleyland, Chennai, 600103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K R Mangipudi
- School of Minerals, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar-752050, Arugul, Khurda, Odisha, India
| | - G V S Sastry
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit Kumar Singh
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Dhanasekaran
- Technical Center, Ashokleyland, Chennai, 600103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Sivaprasad
- Advanced Materials Processing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang K, Zheng X, Yang Q, Zhang H, Apaliya MT, Dhanasekaran S, Zhang X, Zhao L, Li J, Jiang Z. S-Adenosylmethionine-Dependent Methyltransferase Helps Pichia caribbica Degrade Patulin. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:11758-11768. [PMID: 31577438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Patulin contamination not only is a menace to human health but also causes serious environmental problems worldwide due to the synthetic fungicides that are used to control it. This study focused on investigating the patulin degradation mechanism in Pichia caribbica at the molecular level. According to the results, P. caribbica (2 × 106 cells/mL) was able to degrade patulin from 20 μg/mL to an undetectable level in 72 h. The RNA-seq data showed patulin-induced oxidative stress and responses in P. caribbica. The deletion of PcCRG1 led to a significant decrease in patulin degradation by P. caribbica, whereas the overexpression of PcCRG1 accelerated the degradation of patulin. The study identified that PcCRG1 protein had the ability to degrade patulin in vitro. Overall, we demonstrated that the patulin degradation process in P. caribbica was more than one way; PcCRG1 was an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase and played an important role in the patulin degradation process in P. caribbica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangfeng Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009 , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dhanasekaran S, Rajesh A, Mathimani T, Melvin Samuel S, Shanmuganathan R, Brindhadevi K. Efficacy of crude extracts of Clitoria ternatea for antibacterial activity against gram negative bacterium (Proteus mirabilis). Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
24
|
Nurulain S, Ojha S, Dhanasekaran S, Kuča K, Nalin N, Sharma C, Adem A, Kalász H. HPLC determination of K027 in the body of pregnant mice. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2017.29.1.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
25
|
Jenum S, Bakken R, Dhanasekaran S, Mukherjee A, Lodha R, Singh S, Singh V, Haks MC, Ottenhoff THM, Kabra SK, Doherty TM, Ritz C, Grewal HMS. BLR1 and FCGR1A transcripts in peripheral blood associate with the extent of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children and predict treatment outcome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38841. [PMID: 27941850 PMCID: PMC5150239 DOI: 10.1038/srep38841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers reflecting the extent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced pathology and normalization during anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) would considerably facilitate trials of new treatment regimens and the identification of patients with treatment failure. Therefore, in a cohort of 99 Indian children with intrathoracic tuberculosis (TB), we performed blood transcriptome kinetic analysis during ATT to explore 1) the association between transcriptional biomarkers in whole blood (WB) and the extent of TB disease at diagnosis and treatment outcomes at 2 and 6 months, and 2) the potential of the biomarkers to predict treatment response at 2 and 6 months. We present the first data on the association between transcriptional biomarkers and the extent of TB disease as well as outcome of ATT in children: Expression of three genes down-regulated on ATT (FCGR1A, FPR1 and MMP9) exhibited a positive correlation with the extent of TB disease, whereas expression of eight up-regulated genes (BCL, BLR1, CASP8, CD3E, CD4, CD19, IL7R and TGFBR2) exhibited a negative correlation with the extent of disease. Baseline levels of these transcripts displayed an individual capacity >70% to predict the six-month treatment outcome. In particular, BLR1 and FCGR1A seem to have a potential in monitoring and perhaps tailoring future antituberculosis therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Synne Jenum
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Bakken
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S. Dhanasekaran
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aparna Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarman Singh
- Division of Clinical Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Marielle C. Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases Group, Immunology and Immunogenetics of Bacterial Infectious Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherland
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases Group, Immunology and Immunogenetics of Bacterial Infectious Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherland
| | - S. K. Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harleen M. S. Grewal
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland university hospital, University of Bergen, N-5021, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jenum S, Dhanasekaran S, Lodha R, Mukherjee A, Kumar Saini D, Singh S, Singh V, Medigeshi G, Haks MC, Ottenhoff THM, Doherty TM, Kabra SK, Ritz C, Grewal HMS. Approaching a diagnostic point-of-care test for pediatric tuberculosis through evaluation of immune biomarkers across the clinical disease spectrum. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18520. [PMID: 26725873 PMCID: PMC4698754 DOI: 10.1038/srep18520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) calls for an accurate, rapid, and simple point-of-care (POC) test for the diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) in order to make progress "Towards Zero Deaths". Whereas the sensitivity of a POC test based on detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is likely to have poor sensitivity (70-80% of children have culture-negative disease), host biomarkers reflecting the on-going pathological processes across the spectrum of MTB infection and disease may hold greater promise for this purpose. We analyzed transcriptional immune biomarkers direct ex-vivo and translational biomarkers in MTB-antigen stimulated whole blood in 88 Indian children with intra-thoracic TB aged 6 months to 15 years, and 39 asymptomatic siblings. We identified 12 biomarkers consistently associated with either clinical groups "upstream" towards culture-positive TB on the TB disease spectrum (CD14, FCGR1A, FPR1, MMP9, RAB24, SEC14L1, and TIMP2) or "downstream" towards a decreased likelihood of TB disease (BLR1, CD3E, CD8A, IL7R, and TGFBR2), suggesting a correlation with MTB-related pathology and high relevance to a future POC test for pediatric TB. A biomarker signature consisting of BPI, CD3E, CD14, FPR1, IL4, TGFBR2, TIMP2 and TNFRSF1B separated children with TB from asymptomatic siblings (AUC of 88%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Synne Jenum
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, and Department of Medical Microbiology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - S. Dhanasekaran
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, N-5021, Norway
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarman Singh
- Division of Clinical Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalawati Saran Children Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Guruprasad Medigeshi
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Marielle C. Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases Group, Immunology and Immunogenetics of Bacterial Infectious Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherland
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases Group, Immunology and Immunogenetics of Bacterial Infectious Disease, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherland
| | | | - Sushil K. Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harleen M. S. Grewal
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, N-5021, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland university hospital, University of Bergen,N-5021, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dhanasekaran S, Jenum S, Stavrum R, Wiker HG, Kenneth J, Vaz M, Doherty TM, Grewal HMS. Effect of non-tuberculous Mycobacteria on host biomarkers potentially relevant for tuberculosis management. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3243. [PMID: 25329719 PMCID: PMC4199571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are different from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) both in their ubiquitous environmental distribution and in their reduced capacity to cause disease. While often neglected in favour of other infectious diseases, NTM may interfere with important aspects of TB control and management, namely the efficacy of new anti-tuberculosis (TB) vaccines; the immuno-diagnostic Tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON TB Gold In Tube assay (QFTGIT); and immune biomarkers explored for their diagnostic and/or predictive potential. Our objective was therefore to explore host immune biomarkers in children who had NTM isolated from respiratory and/or gastric specimens. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPLE FINDINGS The present study was nested within a prospective cohort study of BCG-vaccinated neonates in Southern India. In this setting, immune biomarkers from peripheral blood were analyzed in 210 children aged <3 years evaluated for TB using dual-colour-Reverse-Transcriptase-Multiple-Ligation-dependent-Probe-Amplification (dcRT-MLPA) and Bio-Plex assays. The children were classified based on clinical examination, chest X-rays and mycobacterial culture reports as either: 1) TB disease, 2) NTM present and 3) controls. The study shows a down-regulation of RAB33A (p<0.001) and up-regulation of TGFβ1, IL-2 and IL-6 (all p<0.05) in children with TB disease, and that RAB33A, TGFBR2 and IL-10 (all p<0.05) were differentially expressed in children with NTM present when compared to children that were culture negative for MTB and NTM (controls). CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE Carriage of NTM may reduce the specificity of future diagnostic and predictive immune biomarkers relevant to TB management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dhanasekaran
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Synne Jenum
- Center for Immune Regulation, Rikshospitalet- Radium Hospitalet Medical Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruth Stavrum
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald G. Wiker
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - John Kenneth
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, Koramangala, Bangalore, India
| | - Mario Vaz
- Division of Health & Humanities, St. John's Research Institute, Koramangala, Bangalore, India
| | - T. Mark Doherty
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- GlaxoSmithKline Pharma, Vaccines, Brøndby, Denmark
- * E-mail: (TMD); (HMSG)
| | - Harleen M. S. Grewal
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland university hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail: (TMD); (HMSG)
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dhanasekaran S, Vignesh AR, Raj GD, Reddy YKM, Raja A, Tirumurugaan KG. Comparative analysis of innate immune response following in vitro stimulation of sheep and goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells with bluetongue virus - serotype 23. Vet Res Commun 2013; 37:319-27. [PMID: 24057859 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-013-9579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue is an infectious disease caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), which affects sheep, goat, cattle and certain wild ruminants. However severe clinical signs are usually seen with significant mortality in sheep than cattle and goat. To date, comparative studies on innate immune responses of sheep and goat infected with BTV is lacking. In this study, we compared the innate immune response of sheep and goat by infecting the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with BTV serotype 23. In our study, we observed that sheep PBMCs supports higher virus replication than goat PBMCs. To delineate the role of innate immune response in differential viral replication observed in this study, we examined TLR3 (Receptor for dsRNA virus) mRNA expression and cytokine profiles (IL-1β, Il-6, IL-8, Il-10, IL-12p40, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IFN-α) following Poly I:C (TLR3 ligand) stimulation and BTV 23 infection. In our present study, sheep PBMCs had significantly higher TLR3 mRNA levels, TLR3 specific ligand (Poly I:C) stimulation resulted in increased levels of IFN-γ at transcriptional and translational levels along with IL-8 and IL-10 at transcriptional levels. Whereas, the levels of TNF-α was higher in goat PBMCs at transcriptional levels. BTV infected sheep PBMCs expressed significantly higher levels of IFN-γ at transcriptional and translational levels along with IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 at transcriptional levels. Whereas the expression levels of TNF-α and IFN-α at transcriptional and translational levels were significantly high in goat PBMCs. To examine the potential factor for consistent increase in the expression of TNF-α, we sequenced the promoter region of TNF-α and identified a total of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and one indel in goat TNF-α promoter region. Luciferase assay for transcriptional activity of the promoter showed that goat TNF-α has significantly enhanced transcriptional activity in comparison with sheep TNF-α promoter. Altogether, our data suggests that the expression levels of TNF-α and IFN-α and/or IL-10 plays crucial role in replication of BTV 23.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Dhanasekaran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dhanasekaran S, Jenum S, Stavrum R, Ritz C, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Kenneth J, Vaz M, Grewal HMS, Doherty TM. Identification of biomarkers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease in BCG-vaccinated young children in Southern India. Genes Immun 2013; 14:356-64. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2013.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
30
|
Elumalai K, Dhanasekaran S, Krishnappa K. Larvicidal activity of Saponin isolated from Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) against Japanese Encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae). Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17:1404-1410. [PMID: 23740457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the larvicidal activity of various extracts of Gymnema (G.) sylvestre against the Japanese Encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorynchus in Tamilnadu, India. To identify the active principle present in the promising fraction obtained in Chlorofom:Methanol extract of Fraction 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS The G. Sylvestre leaf extracts were tested, employing WHO procedure against fourth instar larvae of C. tritaeniorhynchus and the larval mortalities were recorded at various concentrations (6.25 microg/ml); the 24h LC(50) values of the G. Sylvestre leaf extracts were determined following Probit analysis. It was noteworthy, that treatment level 100 ppm exhibited highest mortality rates for the three different crude extracts and was significantly different from the mean mortalities recorded for the other concentrations. RESULTS The LC(50) values of 34.756 microg/ml (24.475-51.41), 31.351 microg/ml (20.634-47.043) and 28.577 microg/ml (25.159-32.308) were calculated in acetone, chloroform and methanol extract with the chi-square values of 10.301, 31.351 and 4.093 respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation proved that G. Sylvestre could be possibly utilized as an important component in the Vector control Programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Elumalai
- Centre for Entamotoxicity Studies, Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Nandanam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fahim MA, Shehab S, Nemmar A, Adem A, Dhanasekaran S, Hasan MY. Daily subacute paraquat exposure decreases muscle function and substantia nigra dopamine level. Physiol Res 2013; 62:313-21. [PMID: 23489189 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of the herbicide paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride; PQ) which is widely used in agriculture is known to cause dopaminergic neurotoxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are not fully understood. This present study investigated the behavioral manifestations, motor coordination, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration following exposure to PQ. Male rats were injected with PQ (10 mg/kg i.p.) daily for three weeks. Rotarod systems were used for measuring locomotor activity and motor coordination. The effects of PQ on dorsiflexor, electrophysiologically-induced muscle contraction were studied. Dopamine concentrations in the ventral mesencephalon were measured by high performance liquid chromatography and the number of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta was estimated by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. PQ induced difficulty in movement and significant reduction in motor activity and twitch tension at the dorsiflexor skeletal muscle. The number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons was significantly less in the substantia nigra pars compacta and nigral dopamine level was significantly reduced in PQ treated animals (20.4+/-3.4 pg/mg) when compared with control animals (55.0+/-2.4 pg/mg wet tissue). Daily treatment of PQ for three weeks induces selective dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra and significant behavioral and peripheral motor deficit effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Fahim
- Faculty of Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vignesh AR, Dhinakar Raj G, Dhanasekaran S, Tirumurugaan KG, Raja A. Comparative in vitro toll-like receptor ligand induced cytokine profiles of Toda and Murrah buffaloes-Identification of tumour necrosis factor alpha promoter polymorphism. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 150:189-97. [PMID: 23084344 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess cytokine production upon activation of pattern recognition receptors responsible for sensing bacterial and viral pathogen associated molecular patterns in two genetically diverse buffalo breeds, Toda and Murrah. A very limited molecular-epidemiological analysis showed a higher prevalence of Anaplasma and Theileria in Murrah than Toda buffaloes. Toda buffalo peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) produced significantly higher levels of IFN γ and/or TNF α mRNAs in response to peptidoglycan, poly I:C, lipopolysaccharide, imiquimod and CpG. Flagellin stimulation did not result in any significant differences in the expression levels of the cytokines tested between these breeds. The levels of ligand induced IFN γ and TNF α mRNA and proteins also correlated except when induced with CpG. The proximal promoter region of TNF α across these two breeds were also sequenced to detect SNPs and promoter assay performed to determine their role in altering the transcriptional activity. Two polymorphisms were identified at -737 (T/A) and -1092 (G/T) positions in Toda buffalo TNF α promoter and promoter assay revealed higher transcription activity in Toda buffalos than in Murrah. This suggests that disease tolerance of these buffalo breeds could be due to the differences in their cytokine transcription levels in response to the respective PAMPs that may be at least in part determined by polymorphisms in the cytokine promoter regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Vignesh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dhanasekaran S, Karunanithi T. Statistical analysis of effects of experimental variables on mass transfer coefficient in a novel hybrid bubble column using Box-Behnken design. CAN J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.21726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
34
|
Krishnappa K, Elumalai K, Dhanasekaran S, Gokulakrishnan J. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Adansonia digitata against medically important human malarial vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). J Vector Borne Dis 2012; 49:86-90. [PMID: 22898480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Development of plant-based alternative compounds for mosquito control has gained importance now-a-days, in view of increasing resistance in mosquito vectors to existing insecticides. The larvicidal and repellent activities of benzene, chloroform, hexane and methanol leaf extracts of Indian medicinal plant, Adansonia digitata were investigated against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi. METHODS In all, 25 III instar larvae of An. stephensi were exposed to various concentrations (30-180 mg/l) in the laboratory by using the standard protocol described by WHO (2005). The larvae were exposed for 24 h and mortalities were subjected to log-probit analysis. Repellent activity of crude leaf extract at the dosages of 2, 4 and 6 mg/cm2 was evaluated in a net cage (45 × 30 × 45 cm) containing 100 blood starved female mosquitoes of An. stephensi using the protocol of WHO (1996). RESULTS Preliminary phytochemical analysis of A. digitata showed the presence of triterpenoids and saponins. The LC50 and LC90 values of hexane, benzene, chloroform, and methanol extracts of A. digitata against An. stephensi larvae in 24 h were 111.32, 97.13, 88.55, 78.18 and 178.63, 176.19, 168.14, 155.42 mg/l, respectively. The repellent activity of methanol extract was found to be most effective and at higher concentration of 6 mg/cm2 benzene, chloroform hexane and methanol extracts provided 100% protection up to 150, 180, 120 and 210 min against An. stephensi, respectively. CONCLUSION The preliminary study indicated that A. digitata showed larvicidal and repellent activities against An. stephensi and could be used for controlling mosquitoes. Further studies are indicated to purify the active compounds from these plants for developing larvicide and repellents.
Collapse
|
35
|
Fahim MA, Nemmar A, Dhanasekaran S, Singh S, Shafiullah M, Yasin J, Zia S, Hasan MY. Acute cadmium exposure causes systemic and thromboembolic events in mice. Physiol Res 2011; 61:73-80. [PMID: 22188109 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), an environmental and industrial pollutant, poses a potential threat and affects many systems in human and animals. Although several reports on Cd toxicity were presented, the acute effect of Cd on systemic and thrombotic events was not reported so far. Cd (2.284 mg/kg) or saline (control) was injected intraperitoneally (ip), and the systemic parameters were assessed in mice. Compared to control group, acute intraperitoneal injection of Cd, in mice showed significant quickening of platelet aggregation (P<0.001) leading to pial cerebral thrombosis. Likewise, Cd exposure caused a significant increase in white blood cell numbers (P<0.05) indicating the occurrence of systemic inflammation. Also, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.05) and creatinine (P<0.01) levels were both significantly increased. Interestingly, the superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in Cd treated group compared to control group (P<0.001), suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress. We conclude that the Cd exposure in mice causes acute thromboembolic events, oxidative stress and alter liver and kidney functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Fahim
- United Arab Emirates University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Al Ain, UAE.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lammers WJEP, Al-Bloushi HM, Al-Eisaei SA, Al-Dhaheri FA, Stephen B, John R, Dhanasekaran S, Karam SM. Slow wave propagation and plasticity of interstitial cells of Cajal in the small intestine of diabetic rats. Exp Physiol 2011; 96:1039-48. [PMID: 21742753 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.058941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The number of myenteric interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-MY), responsible for the generation and propagation of the slow wave in the small intestine, has been shown to decrease in diabetes, suggesting impairment of slow-wave (SW) propagation and related motility. To date, however, this expected decrease in SW propagation has neither been recorded nor analysed. Eleven rats were treated with streptozotocin and housed in pairs with 11 age-matched control animals. After 3 or 7 months, segments of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were isolated and divided into two parts. One part was processed for immediate freezing, cryosectioning and immunoprobing using anti-c-Kit antibody to quantify ICC-MY. The second part was superfused in a tissue bath, and SW propagation was recorded with 121 extracellular electrodes. In addition, a cellular automaton was developed to study the effects of increasing the number of inactive cells on overall propagation. The number of ICC-MY was significantly reduced after 3 months of diabetes, but rebounded to control levels after 7 months of diabetes. Slow-wave frequencies, velocities and extracellular amplitudes were unchanged at any stage of diabetes. The cellular automaton showed that SW velocity was not linearly related to the number of inactive cells. The depletion of ICC-MY is not as severe as is often assumed and in fact may rebound after some time. In addition, at least in the streptozotocin model, the initial reduction in ICC-MY is not enough to affect SW propagation. Diabetic intestinal dysfunction may therefore be more affected by impairments of other systems, such as the enteric system or the muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wim J E P Lammers
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Milanović S, Filipović S, Blesić S, Ilić T, Dhanasekaran S, Ljubisavljević M. Paired-associative stimulation can modulate muscle fatigue induced motor cortex excitability changes. Behav Brain Res 2011; 223:30-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
38
|
|
39
|
Geojith G, Dhanasekaran S, Chandran SP, Kenneth J. Efficacy of loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the laboratory identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in a resource limited setting. J Microbiol Methods 2010; 84:71-3. [PMID: 21047534 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Current methods of TB diagnosis are time consuming and less suited for developing countries. The LAMP (loop mediated isothermal amplification) is a rapid method more suitable for diagnosis in resource limited settings and has been proposed as a viable test requiring further evaluation for use as a laboratory method as well. We evaluated two LAMP assays, using culture lysates of clinical sputum samples (from Southern India) and compared it to a proprietary multiplex PCR reverse-hybridization line probe assay ('GenoType MTBC' from HAIN Lifescience GmbH, Germany). The LAMP procedure was modified to suit the local conditions. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific LAMP assay ('MTB LAMP') showed sensitivity and specificity, of 44.7% and 94.4% respectively in a 60 min format, 85.7% and 93.9% respectively in a 90 min format and 91.7%, and 90.9% respectively in a 120 min format. The Mycobacteria universal LAMP assay ('Muniv LAMP') showed a sensitivity of 99.1%. The LAMP was shown to be a rapid and accessible assay for the laboratory identification of M. tuberculosis isolates. Initial denaturation of template was shown to be essential for amplification in unpurified/dilute samples and longer incubation was shown to increase the sensitivity. The need for modification of protocols to yield better efficacy in this scenario needs to be addressed in subsequent studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Geojith
- Infectious disease unit, St. John's Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dhanasekaran S, Doherty TM, Kenneth J. Comparison of different standards for real-time PCR-based absolute quantification. J Immunol Methods 2010; 354:34-9. [PMID: 20109462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a powerful tool used for both research and diagnostic, which has the advantage, compared to relative quantification, of providing an absolute copy number for a particular target. However, reliable standards are essential for qPCR. In this study, we have compared four types of commonly-used standards--PCR products (with and without purification) and cloned target sequences (circular and linear plasmid) for their stability during storage (using percentage of variance in copy numbers, PCR efficiency and regression curve correlation coefficient (R(2))) using hydrolysis probe (TaqMan) chemistry. Results, expressed as copy numbers/microl, are presented from a sample human system in which absolute levels of HuPO (reference gene) and the cytokine gene IFN-gamma were measured. To ensure the suitability and stability of the four standards, the experiments were performed at 0, 7 and 14 day intervals and repeated 6 times. We have found that the copy numbers vary (due to degradation of standards) over the period of time during storage at 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C, which affected PCR efficiency significantly. The cloned target sequences were noticeably more stable than the PCR product, which could lead to substantial variance in results using standards constructed by different routes. Standard quality and stability should be routinely tested for assays using qPCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Dhanasekaran
- Infectious Diseases Unit, St. John's Research Institute, Koramangala, Bangalore-560034, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tirumurugaan KG, Dhanasekaran S, Raj GD, Raja A, Kumanan K, Ramaswamy V. Differential expression of toll-like receptor mRNA in selected tissues of goat (Capra hircus). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 133:296-301. [PMID: 19748133 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by various immune cells and tissues have been shown to play a pivotal role in the recognition of pathogens by the host. The present study was carried out to identify toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1-10 mRNA in goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and selected tissues including jejunum, lung, lymph node, skin, spleen and uterus using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our results confirm earlier reports regarding the evolutionarily conserved nature of these receptors as successful amplification of the goat TLR mRNAs could be obtained with bovine TLR mRNA-specific primers. The partial sequences of the purified TLR PCR amplicons had 93.8-99.7% nucleotide identity with sheep TLR cDNA sequences available in the GenBank. Semi-quantification of the expression levels of the TLR mRNAs was done using densitometric analysis of band intensities. All the TLR mRNAs (1-10) were expressed in high amounts in the lymph node while spleen showed lower expression of TLR 6 and 10 mRNAs. PBMC and lung expressed all TLR mRNAs in high amounts except TLR 10 mRNA. In uterus and jejunum, lower expression of TLR 3, 4 and 10 mRNAs was seen. Skin had the lowest repertoire of TLR mRNA expression with lower or no expression of TLR 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 and 10 mRNAs. Another interesting observation was that tissues such as uterus, lung and skin that exhibited lower levels of TLR 2 had higher levels of TLR 6 mRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K G Tirumurugaan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600007, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Morrison JFB, Dhanasekaran S, Howarth FC. Neuropeptide Y and CGRP concentrations in the rat tail artery: Effects of age and two types of diabetes. Peptides 2009; 30:710-4. [PMID: 19095023 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The changes in concentrations of two neuropeptides, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in different segments of the rat tail artery have been investigated (a) after 12 and 16 weeks of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia that has been induced at the age of 10 weeks, and (b) in 52-week-old Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats that were intolerant of glucose, and age-matched Wistar controls. In the control animals at 22, 26 and 52 weeks of age, the concentration of CGRP was significantly greater in distal, relative to proximal, segments of normal arteries, and this contrasted with the pattern of distribution of NPY, which was consistently greater in the proximal than the distal segments. STZ-induced diabetes caused significant reductions in the concentrations of NPY and CGRP in the middle and distal segments of the vessel after 12 and 16 weeks of hyperglycemia. In the glucose-intolerant Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, the noradrenalin and adrenalin levels increased significantly in the distal segment of the artery relative to controls; in contrast there was a significant fall in dopamine concentration. The only significant change in the level of NPY in 52-week-old GK rats was an increase in the proximal segment, suggesting that in Type II pre-diabetes, noradrenalin and its co-transmitter NPY are affected independently. The concentration of CGRP increased significantly in all segments of the artery of the 12-month-old GK rats relative to controls. The similarities and differences between these measurements in Type I and Type II diabetic models are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F B Morrison
- Department of Physiology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Morrison J, Dhanasekaran S, Howarth F. Neuropeptides in the rat corpus cavernosum and seminal vesicle: Effects of age and two types of diabetes. Auton Neurosci 2009; 146:76-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
44
|
Ljubisavljevic M, Dhanasekaran S, Maric J, Blesic S, Filipovic S. The effects of two different repetitive TMS stimulation protocols on muscle fatigue associated changes in excitability of motor cortex in man. Brain Stimul 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
45
|
Lammers WJEP, Mirghani H, Stephen B, Dhanasekaran S, Wahab A, Al Sultan MAH, Abazer F. Patterns of electrical propagation in the intact pregnant guinea pig uterus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 294:R919-28. [PMID: 18046017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00704.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported on propagation of individual spikes in isolated segments of the pregnant uterus, but there is no information on patterns of spike propagation in the intact organ. There is also no information on propagation of myometrial burst. The aim of this study was to record, at high resolution, patterns of propagation of electrical activities in the pregnant uterus. Sixteen timed-pregnant guinea pigs were euthanized at term, and their uteruses isolated. Fetuses were removed and replaced by an equal amount of Tyrode. A 240-electrode array was positioned at various locations along the organ, all signals were recorded simultaneously, and the electrical propagations were reconstructed. In the intact pregnant uterus at term, spikes propagated with high velocity in longitudinal (6.8 +/- 2.4 cm/s) and slower velocity in circular direction (2.8 +/- 1.0 cm/s; P < 0.01). Direction of propagation and frequency of activity were highly variable but showed similar patterns at the ovary or cervical end and along the anterior, posterior, and antimesometrial borders. Along mesometrium, spike propagation was sparse and fractionated. Migration of burst (0.6 +/- 0.4 cm/s) was significantly much slower than that of individual spikes (P < 0.001). Initial burst activity was located at variable locations along the ovarial end of the antimesometrial border, while the latest excitation occurred at the cervical end (1.2 +/- 0.9 min). In conclusion, high resolution electrical mapping of the intact pregnant uterus reveals fundamental properties in spatial and temporal patterns of spike and burst propagation that determine the contraction of the organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wim J E P Lammers
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ali MAH, Nyberg F, Chandranath SI, Dhanasekaran S, Tariq S, Petroianu G, Hasan MY, Adeghate EA, Adem A. Distribution of neuroendocrine cells in the small and large intestines of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). Neuropeptides 2007; 41:293-9. [PMID: 17688943 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2006] [Revised: 05/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and relative frequency of neuroendocrine cells in the small and large intestines of one-humped camel were studied using antisera against 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), cholecystokinin (CCK-8), somatostatin (SOM), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), gastrin releasing peptide (GRP), substance P (SP), and neurokinin A (NKA). Among these cell types, CCK-8 immunoreactive (IR) cells were uniformly distributed in the mucosa, while others showed varied distribution in the villi or crypts of the small intestine. Immunoreactive cells like 5HT, CCK-8, and SOM showed peak density in the villi and crypts of the small intestine and in the colonic glands of the large intestine, while cells containing SP were discerned predominately in the crypts. 5-HT, CCK-8 and SOM cells were mainly flask-shaped and of the open-variety, while PYY and SP immunoreactive cells were mainly rounded or basket-shaped and of the closed variety. Basically the distribution pattern of the endocrine cells in the duodenum, jejunum and colon of the one-humped camel is similar to that of other mammals. Finally, the distribution of these bioactive agents may give clues as to how these agents aid in the function of the intestinal tract of this desert animal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Al Haj Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Morrison JFB, Sheen R, Dhanasekaran S, Mensah-Brown EPK. Long-term changes in sympathetic innervation in the corpus cavernosum of the STZ-diabetic rat. Int J Impot Res 2007; 19:509-16. [PMID: 17568762 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The noradrenaline (NA) concentration in the rat corpus cavernosum (CC) increased to approximately 350% of control values after about 8 weeks of hyperglycaemia induced by the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at 10 weeks of age. These changes were maintained for at least a further 32 weeks of hyperglycaemia and occurred without any significant change in the weight in the tissue. Smaller but significant increases in NA concentration occurred in the glans penis (GP) reaching 150-175% of the control levels during the period of prolonged hyperglycaemia. In contrast, there was no significant change in the NA concentration in the penile urethra. Measurements have also been made that relate to changes in the synthesis and reuptake of NA in the CC during the period during which high NA concentration is maintained. Immunohistochemical studies for the synthetic enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase in the CC indicate that the intensity of staining in the tissue had increased after 10, 20 and 32 weeks of hyperglycaemia, relative to the tissues from control animals. Dilated nerve fibres and engorged endings were present in the CC of the diabetic animals at these times. Reuptake of tritiated NA by the terminal axonal membranes in the CC was raised to 181% of control values after 12 weeks of hyperglycaemia (P<0.05), but later declined to values that are not significantly different from the control levels (after 26 and 64 weeks of hyperglycaemia). There are few studies of the effects of prolonged diabetes on functional aspects of sympathetic postganglionic neurones in the CC, and this paper suggests that the changes described represent remodelling of noradrenergic axonal terminals starting about after 8-10 weeks of hyperglycaemia; this delay in onset of the neuropathic changes is also a feature of type I diabetes in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F B Morrison
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Morrison JFB, Dhanasekaran S, Sheen R, Frampton CM, Mensah-Brown E. The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the rat seminal vesicle: A possible pathophysiological basis for disorders of ejaculation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1084:267-79. [PMID: 17151307 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1372.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In the streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rat major increases in noradrenaline concentration and content of the seminal vesicles were evident as early as 7 weeks following induction of hyperglycemia and returned toward normal after 34 weeks of hyperglycemia. There were significant reductions in the concentration and content of dopamine at 19-42 weeks of diabetes, and small occasionally significant reductions in the content of serotonin and adrenaline, particularly around 19-26 weeks after STZ treatment. The uptake of tritiated noradrenaline in the diabetics was increased at 12 weeks compared to the controls, and decreased to control levels with increasing age. Release of tritiated noradrenline was increased in response to electrical field stimulation and high potassium solutions, and raising calcium concentration caused increased release at rest and during electrical stimulation. Immunohistochemical demonstration of tyrosine hydroxylase was increased during the period when the noradrenaline concentration and content were elevated. It is concluded that there are significant changes in the sympathetic innervation of the seminal vesicle during the course of STZ diabetes, and that alterations in the reuptake, release, and synthesis of the neurotransmitter noradrenaline may contribute to changes in the concentration of the amine in the tissue. It is possible that the changes observed are related to the remodeling and regrowth of sympathetic nerve endings damaged in the early stages of hyperglycemia. These changes may also contribute to disorders of ejaculation in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F B Morrison
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Morrison JFB, Pallot DJ, Sheen R, Dhanasekaran S, Mensah-Brown EPK. The effects of age and streptozotocin diabetes on the sympathetic innervation in the rat penis. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 295:53-8. [PMID: 16944308 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to describe the changes in catecholamine levels, noradrenaline (NA) release and the ultrastructural and immunohistochemical changes in the sympathetic nerves in the penis of STZ-diabetic rats. Amines were measured using HPLC. Nerves were studied using immunocytochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase, and electron microscopy. Diabetic animals were compared with age-matched controls. The concentration of penile NA increases at least 2.5-fold after about 10 weeks of hyperglycaemia, is maintained for over 40 weeks. The rate of release of NA in the diabetics also increases approximately by fourfold. Immunohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase showed either no change or an increase in the levels of the enzyme around the central arteries and the outer coverings of the corpus cavernosum. Cavernosal nerves show increased intensity of staining for tyrosine hydroxylase, and the presence of dilated nerve fibres and engorged endings. The axons of the dorsal nerve of the diabetic penis have a smaller cross-sectional area that is most marked in unmyelinated axons. In the diabetic penis, the nerve endings appear to contain significantly more NA than the controls, and the turnover of noradrenaline is increased substantially. There is immunocytochemical evidence of an increase in staining for tyrosine hydroxylase, suggesting an increase in synthetic activity. These results are discussed in relation to the existing literature on the role of amines in normal and disordered erectile function. In particular, the increased concentration and turnover of NA in the diabetic rat contrasts with the fall in NA in cavernosal blood described during normal erection in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F B Morrison
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The changes in amine concentrations in different segments of the rat tail artery have been investigated at different ages and after different durations of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. There was a significant positive slope to the relationship between amine concentrations and age in proximal portion of the normal tail artery, and a significant additional increase in amine concentrations following induction of diabetes. The peak of the latter response occurred between 10 and 20 weeks following the induction of diabetes. There was also a significant dependence on the length of the post-ganglionic neurones, which may be related to the failure of axonal transport of some of the essential enzymes or transporters for these biogenic amines. This model of altered catecholamine metabolism and handling requires further investigation so that alterations in the mechanisms involved in processing of these amines in diabetic autonomic neuropathy may be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F B Morrison
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|