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White JR, Williams DT, Davies K, Wang J, Chen H, Certoma A, Davis SS, Weir RP, Melville LF, Eagles D. Bluetongue virus serotype 12 enters Australia - a further incursion of novel western lineage genome segments. J Gen Virol 2020; 102. [PMID: 33331813 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arbovirus (genus: Orbivirus) that occurs worldwide. It infects domestic and wild ruminant species and can cause disease in livestock, producing high economic impact. Recently, it gained extra prominence throughout Europe, with disease occurring in regions traditionally free of BTV. BTV enters Australia from Southeast Asia via wind-borne infected Culicoides spp. The first Australian isolation was 1975 (BTV-20) and further serotypes were isolated between 1979-86 (BTV-1, -3, -9, -15, -16, -21, -23). Despite increased, more sensitive, monitoring, no more were detected in over two decades, implying a stable BTV episystem of eastern ancestry. Isolations of BTV-2, -7 and -5 then occurred between 2007-15, with the latter two possessing genome segments with high sequence identity to western isolates. We report on the first isolation and genomic characterization of BTV-12, which revealed that three more novel western topotype gene segments have entered northern Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R White
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (formerly: Australian Animal Health Laboratory), Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David T Williams
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (formerly: Australian Animal Health Laboratory), Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly Davies
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (formerly: Australian Animal Health Laboratory), Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jianning Wang
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (formerly: Australian Animal Health Laboratory), Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Honglei Chen
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (formerly: Australian Animal Health Laboratory), Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Certoma
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (formerly: Australian Animal Health Laboratory), Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Richard P Weir
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Resources, Northern Territory Government, Berrimah, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Lorna F Melville
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Resources, Northern Territory Government, Berrimah, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Debbie Eagles
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (formerly: Australian Animal Health Laboratory), Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Blasdell KR, Davis SS, Voysey R, Bulach DM, Middleton D, Williams S, Harmsen MB, Weir RP, Crameri S, Walsh SJ, Peck GR, Tesh RB, Boyle DB, Melville LF, Walker PJ. Hayes Yard virus: a novel ephemerovirus isolated from a bull with severe clinical signs of bovine ephemeral fever is most closely related to Puchong virus. Vet Res 2020; 51:58. [PMID: 32349781 PMCID: PMC7191811 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine ephemeral fever is a vector-borne disease of ruminants that occurs in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Australia. The disease is caused by a rhabdovirus, bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), which occurs as a single serotype globally. Although several other closely related ephemeroviruses have been isolated from cattle and/or arthropods, only kotonkan virus from Nigeria and (tentatively) Mavingoni virus from Mayotte Island in the Indian Ocean have been previously associated with febrile disease. Here, we report the isolation of a novel virus (Hayes Yard virus; HYV) from blood collected in February 2000 from a bull (Bos indicus) in the Northern Territory of Australia. The animal was suffering from a severe ephemeral fever-like illness with neurological involvement, including recumbency and paralysis, and was euthanised. Histological examination of spinal cord and lung tissue identified extensive haemorrhage in the dura mata with moderate perineuronal oedema and extensive emphysema. HYV displayed cone-shaped morphology, typical of rhabdoviruses, and was found to be most closely related antigenically to Puchong virus (PUCV), isolated in 1965 from mosquitoes in Malaysia. Analysis of complete genome sequences of HYV (15 025 nt) and PUCV (14 932 nt) indicated that each has a complex organisation (3' N-P-M-G-GNS-α1-α2-β-γ-L 5') and expression strategy, similar to that of BEFV. Based on an alignment of complete L protein sequences, HYV and PUCV cluster with other rhabdoviruses in the genus Ephemerovirus and appear to represent two new species. Neutralising antibody to HYV was also detected in a retrospective survey of cattle sera collected in the Northern Territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim R Blasdell
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Steven S Davis
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia.,Timor-Leste Office, Menzies School of Health Research, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | - Rhonda Voysey
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Dieter M Bulach
- Melbourne Bioinformatics, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Deborah Middleton
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Sinead Williams
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Margaret B Harmsen
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Richard P Weir
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Sandra Crameri
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Susan J Walsh
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Grantley R Peck
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David B Boyle
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Lorna F Melville
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Peter J Walker
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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3
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Habarugira G, Moran J, Colmant AM, Davis SS, O’Brien CA, Hall-Mendelin S, McMahon J, Hewitson G, Nair N, Barcelon J, Suen WW, Melville L, Hobson-Peters J, Hall RA, Isberg SR, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H. Mosquito-Independent Transmission of West Nile virus in Farmed Saltwater Crocodiles ( Crocodylus porosus). Viruses 2020; 12:v12020198. [PMID: 32054016 PMCID: PMC7077242 DOI: 10.3390/v12020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus, Kunjin strain (WNVKUN) is endemic in Northern Australia, but rarely causes clinical disease in humans and horses. Recently, WNVKUN genomic material was detected in cutaneous lesions of farmed saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus), but live virus could not be isolated, begging the question of the pathogenesis of these lesions. Crocodile hatchlings were experimentally infected with either 105 (n = 10) or 104 (n = 11) TCID50-doses of WNVKUN and each group co-housed with six uninfected hatchlings in a mosquito-free facility. Seven hatchlings were mock-infected and housed separately. Each crocodile was rotationally examined and blood-sampled every third day over a 3-week period. Eleven animals, including three crocodiles developing typical skin lesions, were culled and sampled 21 days post-infection (dpi). The remaining hatchlings were blood-sampled fortnightly until experimental endpoint 87 dpi. All hatchlings remained free of overt clinical disease, apart from skin lesions, throughout the experiment. Viremia was detected by qRT-PCR in infected animals during 2–17 dpi and in-contact animals 11–21 dpi, indicating horizontal mosquito-independent transmission. Detection of viral genome in tank-water as well as oral and cloacal swabs, collected on multiple days, suggests that shedding into pen-water and subsequent mucosal infection is the most likely route. All inoculated animals and some in-contact animals developed virus-neutralizing antibodies detectable from 17 dpi. Virus-neutralizing antibody titers continued to increase in exposed animals until the experimental endpoint, suggestive of persisting viral antigen. However, no viral antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in any tissue sample, including from skin and intestine. While this study confirmed that infection of saltwater crocodiles with WNVKUN was associated with the formation of skin lesions, we were unable to elucidate the pathogenesis of these lesions or the nidus of viral persistence. Our results nevertheless suggest that prevention of WNVKUN infection and induction of skin lesions in farmed crocodiles may require management of both mosquito-borne and water-borne viral transmission in addition to vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervais Habarugira
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia;
| | - Jasmin Moran
- Centre for Crocodile Research, Noonamah, NT 0837, Australia;
| | - Agathe M.G. Colmant
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia (C.A.O.); (W.W.S.); (J.H.-P.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Steven S. Davis
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, NT 0828, Australia; (S.S.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Caitlin A. O’Brien
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia (C.A.O.); (W.W.S.); (J.H.-P.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Sonja Hall-Mendelin
- Queensland Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, Public Health Virology, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia; (S.H.-M.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (N.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Jamie McMahon
- Queensland Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, Public Health Virology, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia; (S.H.-M.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (N.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Glen Hewitson
- Queensland Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, Public Health Virology, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia; (S.H.-M.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (N.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Neelima Nair
- Queensland Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, Public Health Virology, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia; (S.H.-M.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (N.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Jean Barcelon
- Queensland Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, Public Health Virology, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia; (S.H.-M.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (N.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Willy W. Suen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia (C.A.O.); (W.W.S.); (J.H.-P.)
| | - Lorna Melville
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, NT 0828, Australia; (S.S.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia (C.A.O.); (W.W.S.); (J.H.-P.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Roy A. Hall
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia (C.A.O.); (W.W.S.); (J.H.-P.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (R.A.H.); (S.R.I.); (H.B.-O.)
| | - Sally R. Isberg
- Centre for Crocodile Research, Noonamah, NT 0837, Australia;
- Correspondence: (R.A.H.); (S.R.I.); (H.B.-O.)
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia;
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia (C.A.O.); (W.W.S.); (J.H.-P.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (R.A.H.); (S.R.I.); (H.B.-O.)
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4
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Isberg SR, Moran JL, De Araujo R, Elliott N, Davis SS, Melville L. First evidence of Kunjin strain of West Nile virus associated with saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) skin lesions. Aust Vet J 2019; 97:390-393. [PMID: 31328253 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the Kunjin strain of West Nile virus (WNVKUN ) has been detected using qRT-PCR in belly skin lesions of farmed juvenile saltwater crocodiles. This follows an established association between similar lesions and West Nile virus in American alligators. The lesions present as cutaneous lymphohistiocytic aggregates in the dermal layers of both species. While these lesion do not create an obvious defect on the live crocodile, upon tanning the lesion area collapses and does not uptake the dye evenly, thus reducing its aesthetic appeal. As a result, skins are being rejected jeopardising the economic viability of the Australian crocodile industry. Over 50 skin lesions have since been confirmed as WNVKUN -positive and preliminary evidence of lesion restructuring is presented. Horizontal transmission of WNVKUN by mosquitoes is well-established but other transmission routes, such as ingestion and cloacal shedding, need further evaluation. An infection trial is currently underway to ensure WNVKUN is the causative agent of these skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Isberg
- Centre for Crocodile Research, PO Box 329, Noonamah, Northern Territory, Australia 0837
| | - J L Moran
- Centre for Crocodile Research, PO Box 329, Noonamah, Northern Territory, Australia 0837
| | - R De Araujo
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - N Elliott
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - S S Davis
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - L Melville
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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5
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White JR, Williams DT, Wang J, Chen H, Melville LF, Davis SS, Weir RP, Certoma A, Di Rubbo A, Harvey G, Lunt RA, Eagles D. Identification and genomic characterization of the first isolate of bluetongue virus serotype 5 detected in Australia. Vet Med Sci 2019; 5:129-145. [PMID: 30747479 PMCID: PMC6556758 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV), transmitted by midges (Culicoides sp), is distributed worldwide and causes disease in ruminants. In particular, BT can be a debilitating disease in sheep causing serious trade and socio-economic consequences at both local and global levels. Across Australia, a sentinel cattle herd surveillance program monitors the BTV activity. Prior to 2014, BTV-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, -15, -16, -20, -21 and -23 had been isolated in Australia, but no bluetongue disease has occurred in a commercial Australian flock. We routinely use a combination of serology, virus isolation, RT-PCR and next generation and conventional nucleotide sequencing technologies to detect and phylogenetically characterize incursions of novel BTV strains into Australia. Screening of Northern Territory virus isolates in 2015 revealed BTV-5, a serotype new to Australia. We derived the complete genome of this isolate and determined its phylogenetic relationship with exotic BTV-5 isolates. Gene segments 2, 6, 7 and 10 exhibited a close relationship with the South African prototype isolate RSArrrr/5. This was the first Australian isolation of a Western topotype of segment 10. Serological surveillance data highlighted the antigenic cross-reactivity between BTV-5 and BTV-9. Phylogenetic investigation of segments 2 and 6 of these serotypes confirmed their unconventional relationships within the BTV serogroup. Our results further highlighted a need for a revision of the current serologically based system for BTV strain differentiation and importantly, implied a potential for genome segments of pathogenic Western BTV strains to rapidly enter Southeast Asia. This emphasized a need for continued high-level surveillance of vectors and viruses at strategic locations in the north of Australia The expansion of routine characterization and classification of BTV to a whole genome approach is recommended, to better monitor the presence and level of establishment of novel Western topotype segments within the Australian episystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. White
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health LaboratoryGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Jianning Wang
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health LaboratoryGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Honglei Chen
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health LaboratoryGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lorna F. Melville
- Department of Primary Industry and ResourcesBerrimah Veterinary LaboratoriesNorthern Territory GovernmentBerrimahNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Steven S. Davis
- Department of Primary Industry and ResourcesBerrimah Veterinary LaboratoriesNorthern Territory GovernmentBerrimahNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Richard P. Weir
- Department of Primary Industry and ResourcesBerrimah Veterinary LaboratoriesNorthern Territory GovernmentBerrimahNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Andrea Certoma
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health LaboratoryGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Antonio Di Rubbo
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health LaboratoryGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Gemma Harvey
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health LaboratoryGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ross A. Lunt
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health LaboratoryGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Debbie Eagles
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health LaboratoryGeelongVictoriaAustralia
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6
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7
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Harrison JJ, Warrilow D, McLean BJ, Watterson D, O'Brien CA, Colmant AMG, Johansen CA, Barnard RT, Hall-Mendelin S, Davis SS, Hall RA, Hobson-Peters J. A New Orbivirus Isolated from Mosquitoes in North-Western Australia Shows Antigenic and Genetic Similarity to Corriparta Virus but Does Not Replicate in Vertebrate Cells. Viruses 2016; 8:v8050141. [PMID: 27213426 PMCID: PMC4885096 DOI: 10.3390/v8050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and characterisation of new mosquito-borne viruses provides valuable information on the biodiversity of vector-borne viruses and important insights into their evolution. In this study, a broad-spectrum virus screening system, based on the detection of long double-stranded RNA in inoculated cell cultures, was used to investigate the presence of novel viruses in mosquito populations of northern Australia. We detected and isolated a new virus (tentatively named Parry’s Lagoon virus, PLV) from Culex annulirostris, Culex pullus, Mansonia uniformis and Aedes normanensis mosquitoes that shares genomic sequence similarities to Corriparta virus (CORV), a member of the Orbivirus genus of the family Reoviridae. Despite moderate to high (72.2% to 92.2%) amino acid identity across all proteins when compared to CORV, and demonstration of antigenic relatedness, PLV did not replicate in several vertebrate cell lines that were permissive to CORV. This striking phenotypic difference suggests that PLV has evolved to have a very restricted host range, indicative of a mosquito-only life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Harrison
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
| | - David Warrilow
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Department of Health, Queensland Government, P.O. Box 594, Archerfield 4108, Australia.
| | - Breeanna J McLean
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
| | - Caitlin A O'Brien
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
| | - Agathe M G Colmant
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
| | - Cheryl A Johansen
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia.
| | - Ross T Barnard
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
| | - Sonja Hall-Mendelin
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Department of Health, Queensland Government, P.O. Box 594, Archerfield 4108, Australia.
| | - Steven S Davis
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Darwin 0828, Australia.
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
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8
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Warrilow D, Watterson D, Hall RA, Davis SS, Weir R, Kurucz N, Whelan P, Allcock R, Hall-Mendelin S, O'Brien CA, Hobson-Peters J. A new species of mesonivirus from the Northern Territory, Australia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91103. [PMID: 24670468 PMCID: PMC3966781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe Casuarina virus (CASV), a new virus in the family Mesoniviridae. This is the first report of a mesonivirus in Australia, which extends the geographical range of this virus family to 3 continents. The virus was isolated in 2010 from Coquillettidia xanthogaster mosquitoes during surveillance in the suburbs of Darwin, the capital of the Northern Territory. Cryo-electron microscopy of the CASV virions revealed spherical particles of 65 nm in size with large club-shaped projections of approximately 15 nm in length. The new virus was most closely related to Alphamesonivirus 1, the only currently recognized species in the family. In 2013 a further 5 putative new mesonivirus species were described: Hana, Méno, Nsé, Moumo and Dak Nong viruses. The evolutionary distance between CASV and two of its closest relatives, Cavally and Hana viruses (Jones-Taylor-Thornton distance of 0.151 and 0.224, respectively), along with its isolation from a different genus of mosquitoes captured on a separate continent indicate that CASV is a new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Warrilow
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven S Davis
- Berrimah Veterinary Labs, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Richard Weir
- Berrimah Veterinary Labs, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Nina Kurucz
- Centre for Disease Control, Health Protection Division, Northern Territory Department of Health, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Peter Whelan
- Centre for Disease Control, Health Protection Division, Northern Territory Department of Health, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Richard Allcock
- LotteryWest State Biomedical Facility, Genomics, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia; Department of Clinical Immunology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sonja Hall-Mendelin
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Caitlin A O'Brien
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Davis SS, Stockwell AF, Taylor MJ, Hardy JG, Whalley DR, Wilson CG, Bechgaard H, Christensen FN. The effect of density on the gastric emptying of single- and multiple-unit dosage forms. Pharm Res 2013; 3:208-13. [PMID: 24271583 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016334629169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gastric emptying of pellets and single units of different densities has been followed in healthy subjects using the technique of gamma scintigraphy. The gastric emptying of the light pellets was affected by their buoyancy in the upper part of the stomach. However, the mean gastric emptying rates of pellets and single units were not significantly affected by density. Floating or buoyant delivery systems may have little advantage over conventional systems. The presence of food in the stomach was found to be the major factor in determining the gastric emptying of single units.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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10
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Abstract
Gel formulations are often used in topical drug delivery, and the drug release is controlled by two factors, the thermodynamic activity of the drug and the microviscosity of the gel. The latter property has been probed by observing the dynamic light scattering from polystyrene lattices of known particle size dispersed within Carbopol gels. The effect of gel concentration and temperature has been observed and related to the ability of the gel to release a series of salicylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Al-Khamis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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11
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Hobson-Peters J, Yam AWY, Lu JWF, Setoh YX, May FJ, Kurucz N, Walsh S, Prow NA, Davis SS, Weir R, Melville L, Hunt N, Webb RI, Blitvich BJ, Whelan P, Hall RA. A new insect-specific flavivirus from northern Australia suppresses replication of West Nile virus and Murray Valley encephalitis virus in co-infected mosquito cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56534. [PMID: 23460804 PMCID: PMC3584062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports of a novel group of flaviviruses that replicate only in mosquitoes and appear to spread through insect populations via vertical transmission have emerged from around the globe. To date, there is no information on the presence or prevalence of these insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) in Australian mosquito species. To assess whether such viruses occur locally, we used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flavivirus universal primers that are specific to the NS5 gene to detect these viruses in mosquito pools collected from the Northern Territory. Of 94 pools of mosquitoes, 13 were RT-PCR positive, and of these, 6 flavivirus isolates were obtained by inoculation of mosquito cell culture. Sequence analysis of the NS5 gene revealed that these isolates are genetically and phylogenetically similar to ISFs reported from other parts of the world. The entire coding region of one isolate (designated 56) was sequenced and shown to have approximately 63.7% nucleotide identity and 66.6% amino acid identity with its closest known relative (Nakiwogo virus) indicating that the prototype Australian ISF represents a new species. All isolates were obtained from Coquillettidia xanthogaster mosquitoes. The new virus is tentatively named Palm Creek virus (PCV) after its place of isolation. We also demonstrated that prior infection of cultured mosquito cells with PCV suppressed subsequent replication of the medically significant West Nile and Murray Valley encephalitis viruses by 10–43 fold (1 to 1.63 log) at 48 hr post-infection, suggesting that superinfection exclusion can occur between ISFs and vertebrate-infecting flaviviruses despite their high level of genetic diversity. We also generated several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are specific to the NS1 protein of PCV, and these represent the first ISF-specific mAbs reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Hamrick MC, Davis SS, Chiruvella A, Coefield RL, Waring JP, Sweeney JF, Lin E. Incidence of delayed gastric emptying associated with revisional laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair. J Gastrointest Surg 2013; 17:213-7. [PMID: 22895685 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-012-1989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past 15 years, laparoscopic repair of primary paraesophageal hernias (PEH) has become the preferred operative approach. Today, more surgeons are approaching recurrent PEHs laparoscopically, though few studies exist on the long-term results of these revisional operations, particularly regarding the incidence of postoperative delayed gastric emptying (DGE). METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of all laparoscopic repairs for recurrent PEH done by three surgeons at a single institution from 2003 to 2011. Data collected included age, sex, weight, BMI, pre- and postoperative symptoms, and operative data, but our primary focus was on those patients with pre- and postoperative delayed gastric emptying ultimately requiring operative intervention. RESULTS Of 284 patients who underwent laparoscopic PEH repair, 91 (32 %) were performed for recurrent PEH. A sleeve gastrectomy was performed in ten of these patients (11 %) for concomitant morbid obesity which were excluded from our study group, leaving 81 study patients. The mean age was 56 years, and mean BMI was 30. All cases were completed laparoscopically; in 45 (56 %) either a partial or complete fundoplication was performed, and in 68 (84 %) a percutaneous gastrostomy tube (PEG) was placed at the time of revision. Sixty-eight patients underwent repair of a first recurrence, of which 8 (12 %) ultimately required a gastric emptying procedure to alleviate symptoms of DGE. There were nine patients who had a second recurrence repaired, and six (66 %) progressed to a gastric emptying procedure. Finally, of the four patients who had a third recurrence repaired, three (75 %) eventually needed a gastric emptying procedure. CONCLUSION While the incidence of DGE associated with initial PEH repair is low, DGE is a significantly more common finding in patients requiring reoperation for recurrent PEH. This risk increases significantly with repair of each subsequent recurrence. Our data suggest that DGE should be anticipated and patients counseled of the ramifications of this problem preoperatively. Surgeons performing revisional PEH surgery should preemptively develop protocols for the postoperative management of DGE from the time of operation.
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Williams ME, Kendall MJ, Mitchard M, Davis SS, Poxon R. Availability of methaqualone from commercial preparations: in vitro and in vivo studies in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 1:99-105. [PMID: 22454895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1974.tb00217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1 The plasma profiles of methaqualone obtained from different commercially available preparations have been compared. Tablets were absorbed more efficiently than capsules. Mandrax preparations achieved much higher plasma levels than Melsedin tablets or the Melsed or Sedaquin capsules. These differences appear to be due to formulation factors. 2 The efficacy of the different drugs as hypnotics corresponded well with the blood levels achieved. 3 There was a significant correlation between the in vitro l/t(50%) and the in vivo peak plasma levels. Thus in vitro dissolution studies can be used to predict the efficiency of absorption of different formulations in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Williams
- Department of Pharmacy, Queen Elkixabeth Hospital, Birmingham
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Abstract
1 The effects of diphenhydramine on the buccal absorption, in vivo absorption and the in vitro dissolution of methaqualone have been studied. 2 Diphenhydramine significantly reduced the buccal absorption of methaqualone and the effect was dose and pH dependent. In vivo, diphenhydramine did not alter the rate of absorption or the distribution of methaqualone in blood. In vitro, the presence of diphenhydramine increased the rate of dissolution of methaqualone and the effect was more marked when the particle size was small. 3 The reasons for and the implications of these apparently contradictory results are discussed and it is concluded that any increased efficacy resulting from combining diphenhydramine with methaqualone cannot be due to increased plasma drug levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Williams
- Department of Pharmacy, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham
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15
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Gletsu-Miller N, Broderius M, Frediani JK, Zhao VM, Griffith DP, Davis SS, Sweeney JF, Lin E, Prohaska JR, Ziegler TR. Incidence and prevalence of copper deficiency following roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 36:328-35. [PMID: 21876546 PMCID: PMC3748601 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The frequency of copper deficiency and clinical manifestations following roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is not yet clear. Objectives were to determine the prevalence and incidence of copper deficiency in patients who have undergone RYGB. DESIGN AND METHODS We sought to determine the number of RYGB patients undergoing medical and nutritional follow-up visits at the Emory Bariatric Center who experienced copper deficiency and associated hematological and neurological complaints (n=136). Separately, in patients followed longitudinally before and during 6 and 24 months following RYGB surgery, we obtained measures of copper status (n=16). Systemic blood cell counts and measures of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin were determined using standardized assays in reference laboratories including atomic absorption spectrometry and immunoassays. RESULTS Thirteen patients were identified to have copper deficiency suggesting a prevalence of copper deficiency of 9.6%, and the majority of these had concomitant complications including anemia, leukopenia and various neuro-muscular abnormalities. In the longitudinal study, plasma copper concentrations and ceruloplasmin activity decreased over 6 and 24 months following surgery, respectively (P<0.05), but plasma zinc concentrations did not change. A simultaneous decrease in white blood cells was observed (P<0.05). The incidence of copper deficiency in these subjects was determined to be 18.8%. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence and incidence of copper deficiency following RYGB surgery was determined to be 9.6% and 18.8%, respectively, with many patients experiencing mild-to-moderate symptoms. Given that copper deficiency can lead to serious and irreversible complications if untreated, frequent monitoring of the copper status of RYGB patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gletsu-Miller
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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16
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Mills SN, Maher SE, Davis SS, Hardy JG, Wilson CG. The Use of Gamma Scintigraphy for the in vivo Assessment of Colloidal Dosage Forms Intended for Parenteral Use. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1980.tb10888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S N Mills
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - S E Maher
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - J G Hardy
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - C G Wilson
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aslam
- Pharmacy Department, Nottingham University, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - S S Davis
- Pharmacy Department, Nottingham University, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - H A Watson
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
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19
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Bollands AD, Sharma SK, Lowe KC, Davis SS. Lymphoid Tissue Responses to Emulsified Perfluocarbons in Rats: Effects of a Novel Formulation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1986.tb14264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A D Bollands
- Department of Zoology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - S K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - K C Lowe
- Department of Zoology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- H J James
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
- ICI Plant Protection Division, Jealott's Hill, Bracknell, Berks
| | - S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
- ICI Plant Protection Division, Jealott's Hill, Bracknell, Berks
| | - N Anderson
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
- ICI Plant Protection Division, Jealott's Hill, Bracknell, Berks
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- K Palin
- Pharmacy Department and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - S S Davis
- Pharmacy Department and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - A J Phillips
- Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Hoddesdon, Herts, EN11 9BU
| | - D Whalley
- Pharmacy Department and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - C G Wilson
- Pharmacy Department and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
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22
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Davis SS, Thurston GB. Effect of Fat Emulsions on Erythrocyte Rigidity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1981.tb11757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - G B Thurston
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Doug̀las
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
| | - S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
| | - L Illum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagan, Denmark
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Illum
- Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Departments of Medical Physics, Physiology and Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - J G Hardy
- Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Departments of Medical Physics, Physiology and Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - C G Wilson
- Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Departments of Medical Physics, Physiology and Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - S S Davis
- Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Departments of Medical Physics, Physiology and Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Subfaculty of Pharmacy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J F M Kinkel
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Subfaculty of Pharmacy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Olejnik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Subfaculty of Pharmacy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Tomlinson
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Subfaculty of Pharmacy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Palin KJ, Wilson CG, Davis SS, Phillips AJ. The Influence of Bile Flow and Mixed Bile Salt Micelle Composition on the Oral Absorption of a Model Compound (DDT). J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1982.tb00861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K J Palin
- Medical School and Pharmacy Department, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - C G Wilson
- Medical School and Pharmacy Department, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - S S Davis
- Medical School and Pharmacy Department, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - A J Phillips
- Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Hoddesdon, Herts EN11 9BU
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27
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Henry BT, Adler J, Cheema MS, Davis SS. Diffusion of Fluorescent Compounds into Mucus Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Image Analysis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb14540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- BT Henry
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - J Adler
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - M S Cheema
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - S S Davis
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - P K Hansrani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD
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29
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Daly PB, Davis SS, Frier M, Hardy J, Kennerley J, Wilson CG. In Vitro-In Vivo Evaluation of a Sustained Release Matrix Tablet. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1981.tb11706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- PB Daly
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - SS Davis
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - M Frier
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - J Hardy
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - J Kennerley
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - CG Wilson
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Hardy
- Department of Medical Physics, Queen's Medical Centre
| | - J W Kennerley
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
| | - M J Taylor
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
| | - C G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Queen's Medical Centre
| | - S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
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31
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Lamb KA, Washington C, Davis SS, Denyer SP. Toxicity of Amphotericin B Emulsion to Canine Kidney Cells in Monolayer Culture. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb14547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- KA Lamb
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - C Washington
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - SS Davis
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - SP Denyer
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- R Khosla
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
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33
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Washington N, Washington C, Davis SS, Wilson CG. Raft Strengths and Neutralization Properties of Alginate Anti-Reflux Agents In-Vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1986.tb14281.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Washington
- Departments of Pharmacy and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - C Washington
- Departments of Pharmacy and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - S S Davis
- Departments of Pharmacy and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - C G Wilson
- Departments of Pharmacy and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Burgess
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - J Hadgraft
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - K Al-Khamis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
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36
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Nankervis R, Cheema MS, Davis SS, Day NH, Shaw PN. Pharmacokinetics of Isotretinoin in the Anaesthetized Rat Following Intravenous Administration of An Emulsion. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb14408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Nankervis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M S Cheema
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S S Davis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - N H Day
- Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - P N Shaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- N Washington
- Departments of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - C Washington
- Departments of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - S S Davis
- Departments of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - C G Wilson
- Departments of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- CR Bland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham
| | - SS Davis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham
| | - DA Rawlins
- Merck, Sharp and Dohme, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Herts
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39
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Sidhu B, Washington C, Davis SS, Purewal TS. Flocculation of Model Aerosol Suspensions by Surfactant Mixtures. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb14493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Sidhu
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, and 3M Health Care, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 1EP
| | - C Washington
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, and 3M Health Care, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 1EP
| | - SS Davis
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, and 3M Health Care, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 1EP
| | - T S Purewal
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, and 3M Health Care, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 1EP
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - O L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - K C Lowe
- Department of Zoology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Davis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Perk, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - M Galloway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Perk, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- SN Mills
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - SS Davis
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - JG Hardy
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - CG Wilson
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - N Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
| | - M Frier
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD
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43
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Malton CA, Hallworth GW, Padfield JM, Perkins A, Wilson C, Davis SS. Deposition and Clearance of Inhalation Aerosols in Dogs and Rabbits Using a Gamma Camera. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1982.tb00895.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- OL Johnson
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - CE Spencer
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - C Washington
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - SS Davis
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Illum
- Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - S S Davis
- Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Coupe AJ, Davis SS, Wilding IR. The Preparation and Characterization of Samarium Chelates as Marker Compounds for Subsequent In-Vivo Dissolution Studies. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1990.tb14499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AJ Coupe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - SS Davis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
| | - IR Wilding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD
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Olejnik O, Davis SS, Wilson CG. A Non-Invasive Perfusion Technique for Measuring the Corneal Permeation of Drugs. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1981.tb11664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Olejnik
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School and Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
| | - SS Davis
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School and Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
| | - CG Wilson
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School and Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham
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Attoui H, Mendez-Lopez MR, Rao S, Hurtado-Alendes A, Lizaraso-Caparo F, Mohd Jaafar F, Samuel AR, Belhouchet M, Pritchard LI, Melville L, Weir RP, Hyatt AD, Davis SS, Lunt R, Calisher CH, Tesh RB, Fujita R, Mertens PPC. Peruvian horse sickness virus and Yunnan orbivirus, isolated from vertebrates and mosquitoes in Peru and Australia. Virology 2009; 394:298-310. [PMID: 19766284 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During 1997, two new viruses were isolated from outbreaks of disease that occurred in horses, donkeys, cattle and sheep in Peru. Genome characterization showed that the virus isolated from horses (with neurological disorders, 78% fatality) belongs to a new species the Peruvian horse sickness virus (PHSV), within the genus Orbivirus, family Reoviridae. This represents the first isolation of PHSV, which was subsequently also isolated during 1999, from diseased horses in the Northern Territory of Australia (Elsey virus, ELSV). Serological and molecular studies showed that PHSV and ELSV are very similar in the serotype-determining protein (99%, same serotype). The second virus (Rioja virus, RIOV) was associated with neurological signs in donkeys, cattle, sheep and dogs and was shown to be a member of the species Yunnan orbivirus (YUOV). RIOV and YUOV are also almost identical (97% amino acid identity) in the serotype-determining protein. YUOV was originally isolated from mosquitoes in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssam Attoui
- Department of Vector Borne Diseases, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK.
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Saint-Elie DT, Healy KA, Williams J, Lin E, Davis SS, Ritenour CW, Pattaras JG, Master VA, Ogan K. IMPACT OF WEIGHT LOSS ON SEXUAL FUNCTION IN OBESE WOMEN. J Urol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(09)61594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Stolnik S, Heald CR, Garnett MG, Illum L, Davis SS. Differences in the adsorption behaviour of poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers onto model polystyrene nanoparticles assessed by isothermal titration microcalorimetry correspond to the biological differences. J Drug Target 2008; 13:449-58. [PMID: 16332570 DOI: 10.1080/10611860500246175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption behaviour of a tetrafunctional copolymer of poly (ethylene oxide)-poly (propylene oxide) ethylene diamine (commercially available as Poloxamine 908) and a diblock copolymer of poly (lactic acid)-poly (ethylene oxide) (PLA/PEG 2:5) onto a model colloidal drug carrier (156 nm sized polystyrene latex) is described. The adsorption isotherm, hydrodynamic thickness of the adsorbed layers and enthalpy of the adsorption were assessed. The close similarity in the conformation of the poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains (molecular weight 5,000 Da) in the adsorbed layers of these two copolymers was demonstrated by combining the adsorption data with the adsorbed layer thickness data. In contrast, the results from isothermal titration microcalorimetry indicated a distinct difference in the interaction of the copolymers with the polystyrene colloid surface. Poloxamine 908 adsorption to polystyrene nanoparticles is dominated by an endothermic heat effect, whereas, PLA/PEG 2:5 adsorption is entirely an exothermic process. This difference in adsorption behaviour could provide an explanation for differences in the biodistribution of Poloxamine 908 and PLA/PEG 2:5 coated polystyrene nanoparticles observed in previous studies. A comparison with the interaction enthalpy for several other PEO-containing copolymers onto the same polystyrene colloid was made. The results demonstrate the importance of the nature of the anchoring moiety on the interaction of the adsorbing copolymer with the colloid surface. An endothermic contribution is found when an adsorbing molecule contains a poly (propylene oxide) (PPO) moiety (e.g. Poloxamine 908), whilst the adsorption is exothermic (i.e. enthalpy driven) for PEO copolymers with polylactide (PLA/PEG 2:5) or alkyl moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stolnik
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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