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Loitz CC, Arinde F, Olaoye F, Pilon K, Johansen S. Evaluation of a community helpers' mental health and suicide awareness training programme for youth and young adults in Alberta, Canada. Public Health 2024; 228:128-136. [PMID: 38354582 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Community Helpers Programme (CHP) is a peer-helping programme providing youth and young adults with tools to support their peers to problem solve and seek mental health and suicide prevention support. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the provincial programme (primary outcomes = knowledge, self-efficacy; secondary outcome = awareness of stigma) and describe the experience of participants, coordinators, and others. STUDY DESIGN The mixed methods evaluation included a longitudinal panel design outcome evaluation along with follow-up interviews. METHODS A series of three surveys collecting participant characteristics, knowledge, self-efficacy, and awareness of stigma at pre-training (T0), post-training (T1), and six-months follow-up (T2) were conducted. Mean group scores were calculated for completers (T0 and T1 completers and T0, T1, and T2 completers). Friedman tests were conducted to assess change over time and follow-up Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests determined the significance of changes in scores between each timepoint. Content analysis was conducted on qualitative data. RESULTS Participants' knowledge of mental health, suicide, and available supports along with self-efficacy increased from T0 to T1, and declined at T2. Awareness of stigma was high at all timepoints. Themes from the qualitative analysis included skill and knowledge development facilitators (e.g., consideration of learner needs, passionate coordinators, engaged learning approaches), sustaining community helper connectedness (e.g., helpers' network, awareness of and communication with local resources), and role and impact of CHP (e.g., addressing stigma, success stories). CONCLUSIONS This evaluation demonstrated that CHP was effective and offered feedback on experiences, including suggestions on CHP strengths and aspects to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Loitz
- Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - F Arinde
- Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - F Olaoye
- Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Pilon
- Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Johansen
- Provincial Population and Public Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Traynor S, Jakobsen ND, Ebbesen MF, Bennedsen SN, Johansen S, Ebstrup ML, Pedersen CB, Ditzel HJ, Brewer JR, Gjerstorff MF. SSX2 promotes the formation of a novel type of intranuclear lamin bodies. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 142:106121. [PMID: 34808373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SSX proteins are normally restricted to spermatogenic cells, but ectopic expression can be observed in many types of human cancer. We recently demonstrated that SSX family members may contribute to tumorigenesis by modifying chromatin structure and, in specific settings, compromise chromatin stability. Here, we used normal and tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line models to further study the effect of ectopic expression of SSX2 on nuclear organization. We show that SSX2 induces the formation of a novel type of nucleoplasmic lamin bodies. Ectopic expression of SSX2 in various breast epithelial cell lines led to the formation of a previously undescribed type of intranuclear bodies containing both A and B type lamins but no other components of the nuclear lamina. SSX2-expressing cells contained a highly variable number of lamin bodies distributed throughout the nuclear space. SSX2-mediated establishment of intranuclear lamin bodies could not be linked to previous molecular interactions of SSX proteins, including polycomb proteins and the Mediator complex, but was, however, dependent on S-phase progression. These results reveal a novel interaction between SSX2 and lamins in the nucleoplasmic space. They further suggest that SSX2 promotes the formation of chromatin neighborhoods supporting the organization of lamins into nuclear bodies. We speculate that this may have implications for the organization and functional regulation of chromatin in cancer cells. Our study contributes to the further understanding of the biology of SSX proteins in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Traynor
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - N D Jakobsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - M F Ebbesen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S N Bennedsen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Johansen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - M L Ebstrup
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C B Pedersen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - H J Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - J R Brewer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten F Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
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Hollaender N, Johansen S, Dreyer-Andersen N. CN30 Quick WBC using POCT to cancer patients in chemotherapy to avoid hospitalization and risk of COVID-19 exposure in the public. Ann Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7506437 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Dastan K, Henning MK, England A, Aalokken TM, Johansen S. An investigation into the variability of radiographers assessing body composition prior to CT contrast media administration. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 27:168-172. [PMID: 32855023 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate and report the variability of radiographers in determining a patient's body type and using this to determine contrast media (CM) volumes for chest computed tomography (CT). METHODS This prospective study recruited 50 patients undergoing chest CT examinations. Three radiographers independently used two methods to determine patient body type and consequently CM volume. In Method 1, subjective evaluation of body type together with patient weight determined CM volume. In Method 2, patient weight along with additional criteria applied by the radiographer determined CM volume. Both the determination of body type and CM volumes were compared in terms of agreement and variability between radiographers, and between methods. RESULTS Fleiss' kappa was lower (0.583) for Method 1 when compared to Method 2 (0.926) indicating stronger agreement in the radiographer determination of body type for Method 2. Median (IQR) CM volume was 95.0 mL (85.0-110.0) for Method 1, compared to 92.5 mL (85.0-100.0) for method 2 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Method 2 provided greater agreement in determination of body type, and reduction of CM volumes compared to Method 1. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Determining body type as part of a CT CM strategy can be subjective and enhanced methods are required to ensure that the most appropriate CM volumes are reliably used.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dastan
- Directorate of Radiography, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - M K Henning
- Oslo University Hospital, Diagnostic and Nuclear Medicine Department, Oslo, Norway
| | - A England
- School of Allied Health Professions, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - T M Aalokken
- Oslo University Hospital, Diagnostic and Nuclear Medicine Department, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Medicine Faculty, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Johansen
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital, Cancer Treatment Department, Oslo, Norway.
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Gunn C, O'Brien K, Fosså K, Tonkopi E, Lanca L, Martins CT, Muller H, Friedrich-Nel H, Abdolell M, Johansen S. A multi institutional comparison of imaging dose and technique protocols for neonatal chest radiography. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 26:e66-e72. [PMID: 32052771 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The focus on paediatric radiation dose reduction supports reevaluation of paediatric imaging protocols. This is particularly important in the neonates where chest radiographs are frequently requested to assess respiratory illness and line placement. This study aims to assess the impact of neonatal chest radiographic protocols on patient dose in four hospitals in different countries. METHODS Exposure parameters, collimation, focus to skin distance (FSD) and radiation dose from 200 neonatal chest radiographs were registered prospectively. Inclusion criteria consisted of both premature and full-term neonates weighing between 1000 and 5000 g. Only data from the examinations meeting diagnostic criteria and approved for the clinical use were included. Radiation dose was assessed using dose area product (DAP). RESULTS The lowest DAP value (4.58 mGy cm2) was recorded in the Norwegian hospital, employing a high kVp, low mAs protocol using a DR system. The Canadian hospital recorded the highest DAP (9.48), using lower kVp and higher mAs with a CR system, including the addition of a lateral projection. The difference in the mean DAP, weight, field of view (FOV) and kVp between the hospitals is statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Use of non-standardised imaging protocols in neonatal chest radiography results in differences in patient dose across hospitals included in the study. Using higher kVp, lower mAs and reducing the number of lateral projections to clinically relevant indications result in a lower DAP measured in the infant sample studied. Further studies to examine image quality based on exposure factors and added filtration are recommended. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Reevaluation of paediatric imaging protocols presents an opportunity to reduce patient dose in a population with increased sensitivity to ionising radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gunn
- School of Health Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - K O'Brien
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada; IWK Health Centre, Diagnostic Imaging, Halifax, Canada
| | - K Fosså
- Division of Diagnostics and Intervention, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - E Tonkopi
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - L Lanca
- ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saude de Lisboa, Instituto Poliecnico de Lisboa, Portugal; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Singapore Institute of Technology, Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore
| | - C T Martins
- ESTeSL - Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saude de Lisboa, Instituto Poliecnico de Lisboa, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria (HSM) Radiology Department, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Muller
- Central University of Technology, Free State (CUT), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, South Africa; Department of Clinical Imaging Sciences, Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - H Friedrich-Nel
- Department of Clinical Imaging Sciences, Universitas Academic Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - M Abdolell
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - S Johansen
- Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
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Alrehily F, Hogg P, Twiste M, Johansen S, Tootell A. The accuracy of Cobb angle measurement on CT scan projection radiograph images. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 26:e73-e77. [PMID: 32052770 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a spinal deformity that can affect young children. It requires frequent exposure to X-rays to monitor the deformity, which can lead to the development of radiation-induced cancer later in life. The aim of this study is to test the accuracy of using scan projection radiography (SPR) in computed tomography (CT) scans for AIS assessment. This scanning mode delivers low radiation compared with conventional radiography. METHOD A bespoke phantom with a 14° scoliotic spine was scanned in CT SPR mode using 18 imaging acquisitions. These images were visually evaluated against set criteria to determine their suitability for Cobb angle measurements Those deemed of insufficient quality were excluded from the study (n = 8, excluded). Cobb angle measurements were then performed on the remaining images (n = 10, included) by 13 observers. RESULTS On average, the difference between the measured Cobb angle and the known angle was -2.75° (SD 1.46°). The agreement between the observers was good (p = 0.861, 95% CI 0.70-0.95) and comparable to similar studies on other imaging modalities which are used for Cobb angle estimation. CONCLUSION CT SPR images can be used for AIS assessment with the 5° margin of error that is clinically acceptable. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The outcome is promising for patients and health providers because it provides an opportunity to reduce patient dose, achieve clinically acceptable Cobb angle measurements whilst using existing (CT) technology that is available in most hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Alrehily
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, 42353, Saudi Arabia; School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, United Kingdom.
| | - P Hogg
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - M Twiste
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - S Johansen
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Norway; Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Tootell
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
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Johansen S, Monterrey J, Pimentel M, Williams N, Raj K. Comparison of conventional and deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment of major depressive disorder: a retrospective analysis. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Sá Dos Reis C, Pires Jorge JA, York H, Flaction L, Johansen S, Mæhle S. A comparative study about motivations, expectations and future plans for professional development in four European radiography programs. Radiography (Lond) 2018; 24:e91-e97. [PMID: 30292519 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to compare motivations, expectations and work plans of students and teaching-staff from four different European radiography programs, it aims also to explore areas that could be included to advance post graduate studies. METHODS Two different questionnaires (open- and closed-end questions) were applied to key-informants, students who had just completed their bachelor thesis and teaching-staff, to collect data regarding motivations, expectations, challenges and potentials for radiography education and, plans for further work. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were performed according to the nature of the questions. RESULTS The response rates were 45% (students) and 68% (teaching-staff). The motivations to study radiography were similar between students: to work in a healthcare-service, helping people, manipulating high-end technologies, providing service while combining different knowledge (physics, patient-care, physiology, anatomy). 75% of the students did not reach all their expectations due to the lack of focused and updated content for some areas. The teaching-staff were expecting an extension of the radiographers' role. The development of advance studies in computed tomography and magnetic resonance was highlighted as important by students. Future work plans included: self-improvement, continuation of studies, specialization, research and collaborations. CONCLUSIONS This study increased the understanding of radiography education and provides insights into future perspectives. Participants have similar motivations, expectations and future plans. Improvements in education should focus on technological developments and meeting job market demands. Further studies should be performed to identify approaches that acknowledge the specific needs of each country, while also providing strategies to harmonize radiography education in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sá Dos Reis
- Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa/Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (ESTeSL/IPL), Portugal.
| | - J A Pires Jorge
- Haute École de Santé Vaud/University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Switzerland
| | - H York
- University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - L Flaction
- Haute École de Santé Vaud/University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Switzerland
| | - S Johansen
- Oslo Metropolitan University (OMU), Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology (AKB), Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation (KKT), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Norway
| | - S Mæhle
- Oslo Metropolitan University (OMU), Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
The biological half-life of fusidic acid was measured in tear fluid samples from the inferior fornix of 14 healthy volunteers after instillation of one drop of viscous fusidic acid eye drops. The study comprised four test days separated by six days of wash-out. On the first test day the concentrations of fusidic acid were measured 1 h after installation, on the second test day 3 h after, on the third test day 6 h after, and on the last day 12 h after instillation. The median fusidic acid concentrations in the tear fluid were 15.7 micrograms/ml, 15.2 micrograms/ml, 10.5 micrograms/ml and 5.6 micrograms/ml on the four days. This corresponds to a biological half-life of 7.3 h. Some of the volunteers reported mild local discomfort lasting a few minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thorn
- Leo Pharmaceutical Products, Herlev, Denmark
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Sá Dos Reis C, Pires-Jorge JA, York H, Flaction L, Johansen S, Maehle S. Curricula, attributes and clinical experiences of radiography programs in four European educational institutions. Radiography (Lond) 2018; 24:e61-e68. [PMID: 29976346 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare radiography curricula, teaching/learning strategies, skill development, clinical practice outcomes and research development delivered by four European educational institutions. METHODS This study was carried out in two phases: the first focused on curricula analysis; the second involved online questionnaires to ascertain data from two key-informants: students who had recently completed their bachelor thesis and teaching-staff. Questionnaires were designed to capture teaching and learning strategies, skill acquisition and outcomes of clinical practice and research. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were performed according to the nature of the questions. RESULTS The European Credits Transfer System dedicated per core subject area (natural sciences, clinical practice, research, imaging technology, humanities) differed between institutions. Students classified technical, practical and communication skills as the most important, teaching-staff highlighted also critical thinking. The students defined as "very good" their experience in radiography (58.5%) and computed-tomography (45%). Magnetic resonance imaging practice was considered "Average" by 53% of the UK-students and "Good" by the other European students (40%). According to 71% (55/78) of the students, research work contributed to the development of critical/reflective thinking. CONCLUSIONS The four radiography programs presented variations in curricula, contact-hours, clinical experience and outcomes. Research units allowed the participant-students to develop their critical thinking capabilities. The outcomes from clinical practice differ across the institutions, mainly due to differences in background and access to specialities. Further work is necessary to assess the real impact of different radiography programs on professional and academic mobility across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sá Dos Reis
- Medical Radiation Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa/Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (ESTeSL/IPL), Portugal.
| | - J A Pires-Jorge
- Haute École de Santé Vaud/University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Switzerland
| | - H York
- University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - L Flaction
- Haute École de Santé Vaud/University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Switzerland
| | - S Johansen
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Norway; Department of Oncology (AKB), Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation (KKT), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Norway
| | - S Maehle
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Norway
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Jonsson K, Barman M, Brekke HK, Hesselmar B, Johansen S, Sandberg AS, Wold AE. Late introduction of fish and eggs is associated with increased risk of allergy development - results from the FARMFLORA birth cohort. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1393306. [PMID: 29151834 PMCID: PMC5678428 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1393306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergy is markedly low in children growing up on farms. An increasing number of studies indicate that the timing of food introduction may affect allergy development. We aimed to investigate if protection against allergy in farm environments may be mediated through differences in food-introduction practices between farm and non-farm families, using an explorative approach. Twenty-eight farm and 37 non-farm children were included in the FARMFLORA birth cohort. Practices of breastfeeding and introduction of formulas and complementary foods were collected by questionnaires at 6, 12, and 18 months of age. Allergy was diagnosed by pediatricians at 3 years of age. The only difference in food-introduction practices observed between farm and non-farm children was an earlier introduction of nuts in farmers (median month: 11 [IQR: 8–6] in farmers, 15 [12–19] in non-farmers). One farm child (4%) and 10 non-farm children (27%) were allergic at 3 years of age. Lower risk of allergy development was associated with early exclusive breastfeeding (continuous variable; OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39–0.89), but also having received eggs (OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.13–0.54) and fish (logistic regression not applicable, P = 0.01 in likelihood ratio testing [χ2]) at 10 months of age or earlier compared to later. Our results were not affected by reverse causation, as judged by a questionnaire sent to the families in retrospect. Timing of introduction of complementary foods is unlikely to contribute to the lower risk of allergy among farm children. Although early exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a lower rate of allergy development, postponed introduction of complementary foods might increase the risk of developing allergy. Owing to the limited sample size, our results are only indicative, but support prior findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jonsson
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Barman
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H K Brekke
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Hesselmar
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Johansen
- Paediatric Clinic, Skaraborg Hospital, Lidköping, Sweden
| | - A-S Sandberg
- Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A E Wold
- Clinical Bacteriology Section, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Strömbeck A, Nordström I, Andersson K, Andersson H, Johansen S, Maglio C, Rabe H, Adlerberth I, Wold AE, Hesselmar B, Rudin A, Lundell AC. Allergic disease in 8-year-old children is preceded by delayed B cell maturation. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:918-928. [PMID: 28295779 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that exposure to a farming environment is allergy-protective, while high proportions of neonatal immature/naïve CD5+ B cells and putative regulatory T cells (Tregs) are risk factors for development of allergic disease and sensitization up to 3 years of age. OBJECTIVE To examine if B and T cell maturation are associated with allergic disease and farming environment over the first 8 years in life. METHODS In the prospective FARMFLORA study, including both farming and non-farming families, 48 of 65 children took part in the 8-year follow-up study. Various B and T cell maturation variables were examined in blood samples obtained at several occasions from birth to 8 years of age and related to doctors' diagnosed allergic disease and sensitization, and to farming environment. RESULTS We found that the incidence of allergic disease was lower among farmers' compared to non-farmers' children during the 8-year follow-up period, and that farmers' children had higher proportions of memory B cells at 8 years of age. Moreover, a high proportion of neonatal CD5+ B cells was a risk factor for and may predict development of allergic disease at 8 years of age. A high proportion of Tregs was not protective against development of these conditions. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE High proportions of neonatal naïve B cells remained as a risk factor for allergic disease in school-aged children. Thus, the accelerated B cell maturation observed among farmers' children may be crucial for the allergy-protective effect of a farming environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Strömbeck
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Nordström
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Andersson
- Pediatric Clinic, Skaraborg Hospital, Lidköping, Sweden
| | - S Johansen
- Pediatric Clinic, Skaraborg Hospital, Lidköping, Sweden
| | - C Maglio
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Rabe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Adlerberth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A E Wold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Hesselmar
- Department of Pediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Rudin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A-C Lundell
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Johansen S, Lerma K, Henry S, Tamaresis J, Wood D, Shaw K. Contraceptive counseling for reproductive-aged women treated at Stanford Cancer Institute: a retrospective analysis. Contraception 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Palle S, Tang L, Taheri-Kadkhoda Z, Johansen S, Larsen L, Hansen J, Jensen N, Elingaard A, Møller A, Larsen K, Andersen J. MON-P164: Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) Compared to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for Estimation of Fat-Free Mass in Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy. Clin Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(16)30798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Sanderud A, England A, Hogg P, Fosså K, Svensson S, Johansen S. Radiation dose differences between thoracic radiotherapy planning CT and thoracic diagnostic CT scans. Radiography (Lond) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Tang L, Palle S, Taheri-Kadkhoda Z, Johansen S, Larsen L, Hansen J, Andersen J. SUN-PP132: Body Composition and Dose-Limiting Toxicities in Chemotherapy. Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(15)30283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Strömbeck A, Rabe H, Lundell AC, Andersson K, Johansen S, Adlerberth I, Wold AE, Hesselmar B, Rudin A. High proportions of FOXP3(+) CD25(high) T cells in neonates are positively associated with allergic sensitization later in childhood. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:940-52. [PMID: 24528482 PMCID: PMC4215110 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The role of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the prevention against sensitization
and allergy development is controversial. Objective We followed 65 newborn Swedish children from farming and non-farming families from birth to
3 years of age and investigated the relation between CD4+ T cell subsets in
blood samples and development of sensitization and allergic disease. Methods The proportions of FOXP3+CD25high,
CTLA-4+CD25+, CD45RO+,
HLA-DR+, CCR4+ or α4β7+ within
the CD4+ T cell population were examined by flow cytometry of blood samples at
several time-points. Mononuclear cells were isolated from blood and stimulated with birch allergen,
ovalbumin or the mitogen PHA, and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-5 and
IL-13 were measured. A clinical evaluation regarding the presence of allergen-specific IgE and
allergy was performed at 18 and 36 months of age. Results Multivariate discriminant analysis revealed that children who were sensitized at 18 or
36 months of age had higher proportions of FOXP3+CD25high T
cells at birth and at 3 days of life than children who remained non-sensitized, whereas
allergy was unrelated to the neonatal proportions of these cells. The proportions of
CTLA-4+CD25+ T cells were unrelated to both sensitization and
allergy. The association between higher proportions of FOXP3+CD25high T
cells and sensitization persisted after exclusion of farmer's children. Finally, a farming
environment was associated with lower proportions of FOXP3+CD25high T
cells in early infancy and to a more prominent T cell memory conversion and cytokine production. Conclusion & Clinical Relevance Our results indicate that high proportions of FOXP3+CD25high T cells
in neonates are not protective against later sensitization or development of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Strömbeck
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Johansen S. EP-1240: Arm and shoulder morbidity following surgery and radiotherapy of breast cancer. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Aarak KE, Kirkhus B, Johansen S, Vegarud GE, Borge GIA. Effect of broccoli phytochemical extract on release of fatty acids from salmon muscle and salmon oil during in vitro digestion. Food Funct 2014; 5:2331-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00438h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the effect of a broccoli phytochemical extract (Br-ex) on the release of fatty acids (FA) from salmon muscle (SM) and salmon oil (SO) duringin vitrodigestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Aarak
- Department of Chemistry-, Biotechnology and Food Science
- UMB
- Ås, Norway
- Nofima
- Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research
| | - B. Kirkhus
- Nofima
- Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research
- NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - S. Johansen
- Nofima
- Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research
- NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - G. E. Vegarud
- Department of Chemistry-, Biotechnology and Food Science
- UMB
- Ås, Norway
| | - G. I. A. Borge
- Nofima
- Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research
- NO-1431 Ås, Norway
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20
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Johansen S. EP-1016 HEART AND CARDIAC CHAMBERS DOSE FOLLOWING 4-FIELD RADIATION THERAPY OF BREAST CANCER – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)71349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Johansen S, Reinertsen KV, Knutstad K, Olsen DR, Fosså SD. Dose distribution in the thyroid gland following radiation therapy of breast cancer--a retrospective study. Radiat Oncol 2011; 6:68. [PMID: 21651829 PMCID: PMC3128838 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-6-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To relate the development of post-treatment hypothyroidism with the dose distribution within the thyroid gland in breast cancer (BC) patients treated with loco-regional radiotherapy (RT). Methods and materials In two groups of BC patients postoperatively irradiated by computer tomography (CT)-based RT, the individual dose distributions in the thyroid gland were compared with each other; Cases developed post-treatment hypothyroidism after multimodal treatment including 4-field RT technique. Matched patients in Controls remained free for hypothyroidism. Based on each patient's dose volume histogram (DVH) the volume percentages of the thyroid absorbing respectively 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy were then estimated (V20, V30, V40 and V50) together with the individual mean thyroid dose over the whole gland (MeanTotGy). The mean and median thyroid dose for the included patients was about 30 Gy, subsequently the total volume of the thyroid gland (VolTotGy) and the absolute volumes (cm3) receiving respectively < 30 Gy and ≥ 30 Gy were calculated (Vol < 30 and Vol ≥ 30) and analyzed. Results No statistically significant inter-group differences were found between V20, V30, V40 and V50Gy or the median of MeanTotGy. The median VolTotGy in Controls was 2.3 times above VolTotGy in Cases (ρ = 0.003), with large inter-individual variations in both groups. The volume of the thyroid gland receiving < 30 Gy in Controls was almost 2.5 times greater than the comparable figure in Cases. Conclusions We concluded that in patients with small thyroid glands after loco-radiotherapy of BC, the risk of post-treatment hypothyroidism depends on the volume of the thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Johansen
- Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, N-0310 Oslo, Norway.
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22
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Klaassen Z, Mansour H, Marano M, Petrone S, Houng A, Johansen S, Chamberlain R. Male And Female Genital Burns: 15-year Experience At A Level-1 Burn Center. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Le TN, Johansen S, Wallen J. Influence and process of perceived school multiculturalism in relation to youth delinquency and depression. Inj Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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24
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Johansen S, Olsen D. LATE SIDE EFFECTS AND MODERN RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES IN THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)73275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Sander B, Best J, Johansen S, Kessel L, Moldow B. Fluorescein transport through the blood-aqueous and blood-retinal barriers in diabetic macular edema. Curr Eye Res 2009; 27:247-52. [PMID: 14562176 DOI: 10.1076/ceyr.27.4.247.16596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the integrity of the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) and the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in diabetic patients with clinically significant macular edema (CSME). METHODS The rate constant (Kd(F)) of the BAB and the permeability of the blood-retinal barrier for non-protein bound fluorescein were determined simultaneously by fluorometry. Results were analysed pairwise in diabetic patients (n = 25) with CSME in one eye and without CSME in the other eye. RESULTS Kd(F) for the eyes with CSME was significantly increased compared to eyes without CSME (444. 10(-6) min( -1) and 387. 10(-6) min(-1) respectively, p = 0.01). The passive permeability of the BRB was also significantly increased in CSME (5.7 nm/sec and 3.5 nm/sec respectively, p = 0.009, n = 19). CONCLUSIONS Both the rate constant of the BAB and the BRB permeability were significantly increased in CSME indicating that eye-specific factors are common for both barriers in diabetic patients with CSME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Sander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
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26
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Winther L, Bindslev-Jensen C, Grinsted P, Halken S, Hansen TK, Hansen KS, Johansen S, Nielsen LP, Plaschke PP, Sherson DL, Schlünssen V, Zeuthen FM, Ørntoft ST. [Allergology in Denmark 2006]. Ugeskr Laeger 2007; 169:583-6. [PMID: 17311749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are prominent, possibly life threatening, and a cause of worldwide concern. Evidence-based education of doctors in the specialty of allergology is a prerequisite for correct diagnosis and treatment of patients with allergic diseases. Recently, the specialty of allergology has been abolished in Denmark, without any upgrading of the education of doctors in related specialties. As a consequence, one could fear that allergy expertise will be disappearing. We propose collaboration among experts from related specialties with joint mediation of knowledge through a centre of allergology, common educational programs for doctors in training and physician specialists, and collaboration in regional centres of allergology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lone Winther
- Allergiklinikken 4222, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 København Ø.
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a rare case of Churg-Strauss syndrome presenting with severe visual loss due to a combined central retinal vein and artery occlusion. METHODS A 42-year old man with a medical history of asthma and blood hypereosinophilia developed a sudden loss of vision in his right eye. We describe the clinical features and evolution of the case after treatment. RESULTS A combined occlusion of the central retinal artery and central retinal vein was diagnosed by the funduscopic appearance of retinal whitening, macular cherry-red spot, papilloedema, retinal haemorrhages in all four quadrants and dilated and tortuous veins. The diagnosis was confirmed by a fluorescein angiogram showing absence of retinal filling and normal choroidal filling. Churg-Strauss syndrome was diagnosed based on the necessary presence of four of six criteria for the disease proposed by the American College of Rheumatology. Corticosteroid therapy was initiated. However, during the following year when tapering off the daily dosage, the patient experienced two relapses, with pulmonary symptoms and hypereosinophilia, and the corticosteroid dosage had to be augmented. The patient presented with neovascular glaucoma 7 weeks after the vascular occlusion and experienced no visual improvement. CONCLUSION Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion can occur in Churg-Strauss syndrome. We suggest that regional vasculitis may be the pathological mechanism underlying the vascular occlusions observed in our case. The condition carries a very poor prognosis for vision, due to the resulting retinal ischaemia, and a poor general prognosis due to the late stage of the systemic disease. Corticosteroids should be instigated promptly in order to prevent further systemic or ocular vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Hamann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hilleroed Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark.
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28
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Johansen S, Malinen E. 20 The influence of heteogeneous dose distributions on the risk of radiation-induced cancer in the contralateral breast. Radiother Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(05)80999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Johansen S. [Opatanol]. Ugeskr Laeger 2003; 165:2957. [PMID: 12926197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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30
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Ellingsrud S, Eidesmo T, Johansen S, Sinha MC, MacGregor LM, Constable S. Remote sensing of hydrocarbon layers by seabed logging (SBL): Results from a cruise offshore Angola. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1190/1.1518433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Johansen S, Vorting A. [Bilateral blindness in temporal arteritis]. Ugeskr Laeger 2002; 164:774-5. [PMID: 11851185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Two patients with mono-symptomatic unilateral loss of vision are presented. Both developed a bilateral loss of vision over a period of 2-3 weeks. No clinical suspicion of TA was raised on the basis of symptoms or signs, but a careful history and repeated blood tests might have given the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Johansen
- Øjenafdelingen, Amtssygehuset i Herlev, DK-2730 Herlev.
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32
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Muellner T, Bugge W, Johansen S, Holtan C, Engebretsen L. Inter- and intratester comparison of the Rolimeter knee tester: effect of tester's experience and the examination technique. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2001; 9:302-6. [PMID: 11685363 DOI: 10.1007/s001670100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2000] [Accepted: 04/28/2001] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Clinical knee examination is imperative for the prognosis, follow-up, and scientific comparison of anterior cruciate ligament surgery results. A new device, the Rolimeter knee tester was studied in this study with respect to inter- and intratester reliability. We found no significant difference in the intratester evaluation, and data were reliable between repeated measurements and between different testers with the same examination technique. The tester's experience seems to play a role using use the Rolimeter knee tester, but even an inexperienced tester can use it and obtain data that are very close to the data obtained by an experienced tester when the same technique is used. Furthermore, it was found that the manual examination of anterior translation also provides a reliable measurement, at least in the hand of experienced testers. Further advantages are that the Rolimeter knee tester is cheap, can be sterilized, and is simple to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muellner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Oslo, Ulleval Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0407 Oslo, Norway
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33
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34
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Abstract
Several species within the amoeboflagellate genus Naegleria harbor an optional ORF containing group I introns in their nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA. The different ORFs encode homing endonucleases with 65 to 95% identity at the amino-acid level. I-NjaI, I-NanI and I-NitI, from introns in Naegleria jamiesoni, N. andersoni and N. italica, respectively, were analyzed in more detail and found to be isoschizomeric endonucleases that recognize and cleave an approximal 19-bp partially symmetrical sequence, creating a pentanucleotide 3' overhang upon cleavage. The optimal conditions for cleavage activity with respect to temperature, pH, salt and divalent metal ions were investigated. The optimal cleavage temperature for all three endonucleases was found to be 37 degrees C and the activity was dependent on the concentration of NaCl with an optimum at 200 mM. Divalent metal ions, primarily Mg2+, are essential for Naegleria endonuclease activity. Whereas both Mn2+ and Ca2+ could substitute for Mg2+, but with a slower cleavage rate, Zn2+ was unable to support cleavage. Interestingly, the pH dependence of DNA cleavage was found to vary significantly between the I-NitI and I-NjaI/I-NanI endonucleases with optimal pH values at 6.5 and 9, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved I-NjaI residues strongly supports the hypothesis that Naegleria homing endonucleases share a similar zinc-binding structure and active site with the His-Cys box homing endonuclease I-PpoI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elde
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromso, Norway
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35
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Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the frequency, distribution according to diagnosis and the recurrence frequency of orbital space-occupying lesions in Denmark, to determine sex and age of the patients and to establish a national orbital data register. METHODS All biopsied/surgically removed orbital lesions collected by Danish pathological departments during the period 1974-1997 were identified by SNOMED codes. In addition, in each case gender and age of the patients and number of recurrences were registered. RESULTS 965 orbital lesions from 841 patients were identified during the 24-year period. The incidence of orbital lesions increased significantly over the study period and at present about 80 cases/year are registered. The ratio benign/malignant lesion per year remained constant during the observation period. Lesions in children constituted a total of 152 (16%), the percentage of lesions in children being constant during the period. Malignant tumors comprised a total of 364 (45%) in adults and 34 (22%) in children. Malignant tumors were in adults distributed with 43% primary, 48% secondary invading and 9% metastatic tumors, and in children with 65% primary, 29% secondary invading and 6% metastatic tumors. Normal tissue was only found in 6% of the cases recorded. CONCLUSION A registration of all histologically evaluated orbital space-occupying lesions in Denmark during a period of 24 years was performed and a national orbital database established. Orbital lesions are rare and primarily benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Johansen
- Eye Pathology Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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36
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Hansen A, Jensen DV, Wormslev M, Minck H, Johansen S, Larsen EC, Wilken-Jensen C, Davidsen M, Hansen TM. [Pregnancy associated pelvic pain. II: Symptoms and clinical findings]. Ugeskr Laeger 2000; 162:4813-7. [PMID: 10994380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Pelvic pain in pregnancy appears to be a problem on the increase. This study was undertaken to describe and analyse the relationship between subjective symptoms, daily disability, and clinical findings in women with symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation in pregnancy. Out of 1600 pregnant women, 238 had pelvic pain. After a clinical examination 11 women were excluded due to low back pain. The rest, 227 women, was considered to have symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation during pregnancy. Symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation in pregnancy seriously interferes with many activities of daily living such as housekeeping, walking, working, and sexual life. The women's statements of pelvic pain are well correlated to the number of positive clinical tests. Symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation in pregnancy causes considerable disabilities concerning daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hansen
- Amtssygehuset i Herlev, reumatologisk afdeling
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37
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Larsen EC, Wilken-Jensen C, Hansen A, Jensen DV, Johansen S, Minck H, Wormslev M, Davidsen M, Hansen TM. [Pregnancy associated pelvic pain. I: Prevalence and risk factors]. Ugeskr Laeger 2000; 162:4808-12. [PMID: 10994379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
With this study, we wanted to determine the incidence of symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation during pregnancy and the prevalence post partum, identify predisposing factors, and determine the frequency of sick leave. A total of 1600 pregnant women entered the study. The incidence during pregnancy was 14%, the prevalence two, six, and twelve months post partum was 5%, 4%, and 2%, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that the most important predisposing factor was pelvic pain in a previous pregnancy. Other factors were uncomfortable working conditions, lack of exercise, and previous low back and low abdominal pain. At least 37% of the women with symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation were on sick leave during pregnancy, on average for twelve weeks. Symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation is a considerable problem both in pregnancy and post partum. The occupational risk can possibly be prevented. The syndrome has a great social impact because of the high frequency of sick live.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Larsen
- Amtssygehuset i Herlev, gynaekologisk-obstetrisk afdeling.
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38
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Einvik C, Nielsen H, Nour R, Johansen S. Flanking sequences with an essential role in hydrolysis of a self-cleaving group I-like ribozyme. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:2194-200. [PMID: 10773091 PMCID: PMC105364 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.10.2194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DiGIR1 is a group I-like ribozyme derived from the mobile twin ribozyme group I intron DiSSU1 in the nuclear ribosomal DNA of the myxomycete Didymium iridis. This ribozyme is responsible for intron RNA processing in vitro and in vivo at two internal sites close to the 5'-end of the intron endo-nuclease open reading frame and is a unique example of a group I ribozyme with an evolved biological function. DiGIR1 is the smallest functional group I ribozyme known from nature and has an unusual core organization including the 6 bp P15 pseudoknot. Here we report results of functional and structural analyses that identify RNA elements critical for hydrolysis outside the DiGIR1 ribozyme core moiety. Results from deletion analysis, disruption/compensation mutagenesis and RNA structure probing analysis all support the existence of two new segments, named P2 and P2.1, involved in the hydrolysis of DiGIR1. Significant decreases in the hydrolysis rate, k (obs), were observed in disruption mutants involving both segments. These effects were restored by compensatory base pairing mutants. The possible role of P2 is to tether the ribozyme core, whereas P2.1 appears to be more directly involved in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Einvik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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39
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Abstract
NaSSU1 is a complex nuclear group I intron found in several species of Naegleria, consisting of a large self-splicing group I ribozyme (NaGIR2), which itself is interrupted by a small, group I-like ribozyme (NaGIR1) and an open reading frame (ORF) coding for a homing endonuclease. The GIR1 ribozyme cleaves in vitro transcripts of NaSSU1 at two internal processing sites about 400 nt downstream of the 5' end of the intron, proximal to the endonuclease ORF. Here we demonstrate that self-cleavage of the excised intron also occurs in vivo in Naegleria gruberi, generating an ORF-containing RNA that possesses a short leader with a sequence element likely to be involved in gene expression. To assess the functional significance of self-cleavage, we constructed a genetic system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, a mutant yeast strain was selected with a mutation in all the rRNA genes, rendering the rDNA resistant to cleavage by the Naegleria endonuclease. Active endonuclease, which is otherwise lethal, could be expressed readily in these cells. Endonuclease activity also could be detected in extracts of yeast harboring plasmids in which the endonuclease ORF was embedded in its native context in the intron. Analysis of the RNA from these yeast cells showed that the excised intron RNA was processed as in N. gruberi. A mutant intron constructed to prevent self-cleavage of the RNA failed to express endonuclease activity. These results support the hypothesis that the NaGIR1-catalyzed self-cleavage of the intron RNA is a key event in expression of the endonuclease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Catalysis
- DNA, Recombinant/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Endonucleases/genetics
- Endonucleases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/genetics
- Genes, Fungal/genetics
- Genes, rRNA/genetics
- Introns/genetics
- Mutation/genetics
- Naegleria/enzymology
- Naegleria/genetics
- Open Reading Frames/genetics
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/genetics
- RNA Splicing/genetics
- RNA, Catalytic/genetics
- RNA, Catalytic/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Decatur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Muellner T, Johansen S. "Biomechanical analysis of flat and oblique tibial tubercle osteotomy for recurrent patellar instability". Am J Sports Med 2000; 28:276. [PMID: 10751009 DOI: 10.1177/03635465000280022401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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41
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Haugen P, Huss VA, Nielsen H, Johansen S. Complex group-I introns in nuclear SSU rDNA of red and green algae: evidence of homing-endonuclease pseudogenes in the Bangiophyceae. Curr Genet 1999; 36:345-53. [PMID: 10654088 DOI: 10.1007/s002940050509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The green alga Scenedesmus pupukensis and the red alga Porphyra spiralis contain large group-IC1 introns in their nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA genes due to the presence of open reading frames at the 5' end of the introns. The putative 555 amino-acid Scenedesmus-encoded protein harbors a sequence motif resembling the bacterial S9 ribosomal proteins. The Porphyra intron self-splices in vitro, and generates both ligated exons and a full-length intron RNA circle. The Porphyra intron has an unusual structural organization by encoding a potential 149 amino-acid homing-endonuclease-like protein on the complementary strand. A comparison between related group-I introns in the Bangiophyceae revealed homing-endonuclease-like pseudogenes due to frame-shifts and deletions in Porphyra and Bangia. The Scenedesmus and Porphyra introns provide new insights into the evolution and possible novel functions of nuclear group-I intron proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Haugen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Tromsø, Norway
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42
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Bakke I, Shields GF, Johansen S. Sequence Characterization of a Unique Intergenic Spacer in Gadiformes Mitochondrial DNA. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 1999; 1:411-0415. [PMID: 10525675 DOI: 10.1007/pl00011797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
: The nucleotide sequences of intergenic spacers located between the tRNA(Thr) and tRNA(Pro) genes in mitochondrial DNA of cod fishes (order Godiformes) were determined. Spacers from eight species representing two families of cod fishes were analyzed and found to vary in size from 25 to 99 bp. Each spacer sequence contains one or two copies of a conserved 17-bp motif. Four to five central nucleotides of this motif constitute a substitutional hot spot as observed from interspecific and intraspecific comparisons. The substitution rate of the spacer is approximately twice that of the variable part I of the mitochondrial DNA control region, making this sequence region interesting as a molecular marker in population studies or stock assessments of cod fishes. We propose that the spacer originated in a duplication event and evolved into a functional domain, perhaps by binding regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bakke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Vader A, Nielsen H, Johansen S. In vivo expression of the nucleolar group I intron-encoded I-dirI homing endonuclease involves the removal of a spliceosomal intron. EMBO J 1999; 18:1003-13. [PMID: 10022842 PMCID: PMC1171192 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/18.4.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Didymium iridis DiSSU1 intron is located in the nuclear SSU rDNA and has an unusual twin-ribozyme organization. One of the ribozymes (DiGIR2) catalyses intron excision and exon ligation. The other ribozyme (DiGIR1), which along with the endonuclease-encoding I-DirI open reading frame (ORF) is inserted in DiGIR2, carries out hydrolysis at internal processing sites (IPS1 and IPS2) located at its 3' end. Examination of the in vivo expression of DiSSU1 shows that after excision, DiSSU1 is matured further into the I-DirI mRNA by internal DiGIR1-catalysed cleavage upstream of the ORF 5' end, as well as truncation and polyadenylation downstream of the ORF 3' end. A spliceosomal intron, the first to be reported within a group I intron and the rDNA, is removed before the I-DirI mRNA associates with the polysomes. Taken together, our results imply that DiSSU1 uses a unique combination of intron-supplied ribozyme activity and adaptation to the general RNA polymerase II pathway of mRNA expression to allow a protein to be produced from the RNA polymerase I-transcribed rDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vader
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromso, N-9037 Tromso, Norway.
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Hansen A, Jensen DV, Wormslev M, Minck H, Johansen S, Larsen EC, Wilken-Jensen C, Davidsen M, Hansen TM. Symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation in pregnancy. II: Symptoms and clinical signs. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1999; 78:111-5. [PMID: 10023872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pelvic pain in pregnancy appears to be a problem that is increasing. This study was undertaken to describe and analyze the relationship between subjective symptoms, daily disability, and clinical findings in women with symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation in pregnancy MATERIALS AND METHODS Out of 1600 pregnant women 238 had pelvic pain. After a clinical examination 11 women were excluded due to low back pain. The rest, 227 women, was considered having symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation during pregnancy. RESULTS Symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation in pregnancy seriously interferes with many activities of daily living such as housekeeping, walking, working, and sexual life. The women's statements of pelvic pain are well correlated to the number of positive clinical tests. CONCLUSION Symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation in pregnancy causes considerable disabilities concerning daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hansen
- Department of Rheumatology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Larsen EC, Wilken-Jensen C, Hansen A, Jensen DV, Johansen S, Minck H, Wormslev M, Davidsen M, Hansen TM. Symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation in pregnancy. I: Prevalence and risk factors. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1999; 78:105-10. [PMID: 10023871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies concerning symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation in pregnancy have to our knowledge been retrospective. We wanted to 1) determine the incidence during pregnancy and the prevalence two, six, and twelve months post partum, 2) identify possible predisposing factors, and 3) determine the frequency and duration of sicklisting, prospectively. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cohort of 1600 consecutive pregnant women filled in a questionnaire. At the routine prenatal examinations they were asked about pelvic pain. Those who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were examined by a rheumatologist to confirm the diagnosis. The affected women were seen again two, six, and twelve months post partum. All participants were asked about sicklisting in pregnancy. RESULTS The incidence during pregnancy was 14%, the prevalence two, six, and twelve months post partum were 5%, 4%, and 2% respectively. Multivariate analysis indicates that the most important predisposing factor is pelvic pain in a previous pregnancy. Other factors were uncomfortable working conditions, lack of exercise, and previous low back pain and low abdominal pain. At least 37% of the women with symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation had been sicklisted in pregnancy due to pelvic pain, on average for twelve weeks. CONCLUSION Symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation is a considerable problem both in pregnancy and post partum. The occupational risk can possibly be prevented. The syndrome has a great social impact because of the frequent sicklisting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Larsen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Elde M, Haugen P, Willassen NP, Johansen S. I-NjaI, a nuclear intron-encoded homing endonuclease from Naegleria, generates a pentanucleotide 3' cleavage-overhang within a 19 base-pair partially symmetric DNA recognition site. Eur J Biochem 1999; 259:281-8. [PMID: 9914504 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Different species of the amoebo-flagellate Naegleria harbor optional group I introns in the nuclear ribosomal DNA that contain open reading frames. Intron proteins from Naegleria jamiesoni, Naegleria andersoni, and Naegleria italica (named I-NjaI, I-NanI and I-NitI, respectively) were expressed in Escherichia coli and found to be isoschizomeric homing endonucleases that specifically recognize and cleave intron-lacking homologous alleles of ribosomal DNA. The I-NjaI endonuclease was affinity purified, characterized in more detail, and found to generate five-nucleotide 3' staggered ends at the intron insertion site which differs from the ends generated by all other known homing endonucleases. The recognition site was delimited and found to cover an approximately 19 base-pair partially symmetric sequence spanning both the cleavage site and the intron insertion site. The palindromic feature was supported by mutational analysis of the target DNA. All single-site substitutions within the recognition sequence were cleaved by the purified I-NjaI endonuclease, but at different efficiencies. The center of symmetry and cleavage was found to be completely degenerate in specificity, which resembles that of the subclass IIW bacterial restriction enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elde
- Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Norway
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Holst-Jensen A, Vaage M, Schumacher T, Johansen S. Structural characteristics and possible horizontal transfer of group I introns between closely related plant pathogenic fungi. Mol Biol Evol 1999; 16:114-26. [PMID: 10331256 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have characterized structural features and the distribution pattern of nuclear group I introns found in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of closely related plant pathogenic fungi of the family Sclerotiniaceae. Sixteen introns, at two distinct positions in the small-subunit (SSU) and large-subunit (LSU) rDNA, were sequenced and analyzed among the 29 taxa included in the initial screening. Genera found to contain introns were Botrytis, Dumontinia, Encoelia, Grovesinia, Myriosclerotinia, and Sclerotinia. Secondary-structure analyses of the group I introns concluded that all belong to the common IC1 subclass. Interestingly, the SSU rDNA intron from Myriosclerotinia caricisampullacea contains an insertion-like sequence extension which may be a relic of an open reading frame. Incongruent branching patterns of intron-based and rDNA-based (internal transcribed spacer) phylogenetic trees suggest that the fungal host genomes and the group I introns do not share a common evolutionary history. A model to explain how horizontal intron transfers may have occurred among the closely related fungal taxa is proposed.
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Abstract
Protists are unicellular eukaryotes which represent a significant fraction of the global biodiversity. The myxomycete Didymium and the schizopyrenid amoeboflagellate Naegleria are distantly related protists. However, we have noted several striking similarities in life cycle, cell morphology, and ribosomal DNA organization between these organisms. Both have multicopy nuclear extrachromosomal ribosomal DNAs. Here the small subunit ribosomal RNA genes are interrupted by an optional group I twintron, a novel category among the group I introns. Group I twintrons are mobile self-splicing introns of 1.3-1.4 kb in size, with a complex organization at the RNA level. A group I twintron consists of two distinct ribozymes (catalytic RNAs) with different functions in RNA processing, and an open reading frame encoding a functional homing endonuclease--all with prospects of application as molecular tools in biotechnology. Updated RNA secondary structure models of group I twintrons, as well as an example of in vitro ribozyme activity, are presented. We suggest that the group I twintrons have been independently established in myxomycetes and schizopyrenid amoeboflagellates by horizontal gene transfer due to a combination of the phagocytotic behavior in natural environments and the extrachromosomal multicopy nature of ribosomal DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Einvik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Tromsø, Norway
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Johansen S, Heegaard S, Prause JU, Rask-Pedersen E. The healing effect of all-trans retinoic acid on epithelial corneal abrasions in rabbits. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1998; 76:401-4. [PMID: 9716324 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0420.1998.760403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the possible healing effect of the vitamin A analogue all-trans retinoic acid 0.05% (RA) in vaseline on epithelial corneal abrasions in 13 ocularly healthy Copenhagen white rabbits. METHODS A corneal abrasion with a diameter of 6 mm was created centrally in both eyes with a trephine and subsequent rubbing off of the corneal epithelium with an n-heptanol soaked swab The corneal abrasions were treated twice daily with topical applications (50 microl); RA was placed in the right inferior fornix and its vaseline vehicle in the left inferior fornix. Photographic documentation of fluorescein stained, non-healed areas, was performed at time points 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. The rabbits were sacrificed by an overdose of pentobarbital and enucleated. Planimetry was performed from corneal photographs. RESULTS Healed epithelial mean area at time point 36 h was significantly higher after RA compared to vehicle (p=0.036, paired t-test). Median time to 75% and 85% healing was significantly shorter for RA compared to vehicle (p= 0.03 and 0.02, log rank-test). No morphological difference, evaluated by light microscopy (hematoxylin-eosin) or scanning electron microscopy, was noted between the two treatments. CONCLUSION It is concluded that RA 0.05% applied twice daily increases the healing rate compared to vaseline vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Johansen
- Eye Pathology Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Le Cozler Y, David C, Beaumal V, Johansen S, Dourmad JY. Effect of the feeding level during rearing on performance of Large White gilts. Part 2: Effect on metabolite profiles during gestation and lactation, and on glucose tolerance. Reprod Nutr Dev 1998; 38:377-90. [PMID: 9795982 DOI: 10.1051/rnd:19980403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen primiparous Large White sows were selected on d 104 of gestation. Animals had either high (AP) or reduced (R) level of body fatness, as a result of different feeding levels during rearing. A jugular catheter was surgically implanted under general anaesthesia and regular blood sampling, glucose tolerance and meal tests were performed. Plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), phosphorus and calcium were determined by radio-immune assay or enzymatic assay. Plasma concentration of urea increased with the progress of lactation, whereas NEFA decreased. Results of glucose tolerance and test meals suggested that animals with greater body reserves at farrowing were less tolerant to glucose than the lean ones. In addition, the higher NEFA level observed in AP animals also suggested that the level of body fatness at farrowing might be involved in the regulation of feed intake during lactation and could partially explain the lower spontaneous feed intake observed in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Le Cozler
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Uppsala, Sweden.
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