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Sucupira MVF, Argondizzo APC, Miguez M, de Araujo AEV, Silva LBR, Mello MB, Marques CFS, Brito E Cunha DRA, Bastos RC, de Paula VS, Amado Leon LA. Approaches to produce and characterize recombinant protein VP1-2A of HAV for serological rapid test application. J Virol Methods 2024; 323:114839. [PMID: 37923063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies reporting the expression of hepatitis A virus (HAV) structural proteins, specifically recombinant VP1-2A containing an immunogenic activity, use the Escherichia coli system. Recombinant HAV proteins may represent a source of less expensive antigens for application in different diagnostic platforms. However, the formation of insoluble aggregates is an obstacle to obtaining large amounts of HAV proteins in their native form. To overcome this obstacle, some approaches were applied in this study to improve purification, solubility, and protein expression levels. Critical properties were evaluated. The introduction of another insertion codon to increase the protein concentration and vector activity was observed and verified by SDS-PAGE. The expression was established with 0.4 mM IPTG for 4 h at 37 °C. The VP1 protein was partially soluble at an isoeletric point (pI) of 6.45. The majority of HAV VP1-2A proteins measured 45.19 kDa in size and had a homogeneity of 53.58%. Multi-antigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) showed antigenicity at different HAV VP1-2A concentrations, and microsphere-based immunoassays showed a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 84%. HAV VP1-2A was characterized using different sensitivity methods to prove its biological activity, indicating its use as a tool for the diagnosis of Hepatitis A virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel V F Sucupira
- Diagnostic Technology Laboratory, Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Technological Development in Virology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana P C Argondizzo
- Recombinant Technology Laboratory, Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Miguez
- Recombinant Technology Laboratory, Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna E V de Araujo
- Recombinant Technology Laboratory, Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leila B R Silva
- Diagnostic Technology Laboratory, Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelle B Mello
- Diagnostic Technology Laboratory, Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christiane F S Marques
- Diagnostic Technology Laboratory, Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle R A Brito E Cunha
- Immunological Technology Laboratory, Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata C Bastos
- Macromolecules Laboratory, Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S de Paula
- Molecular Virology and Parasitology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciane A Amado Leon
- Technological Development in Virology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Pereira JG, Leon LAA, de Almeida NAA, Raposo-Vedovi JV, Fontes-Dantas FL, Farinhas JGD, Pereira VCSR, Alves-Leon SV, de Paula VS. Higher frequency of Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) viral DNA simultaneously with low frequency of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral DNA in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 76:104747. [PMID: 37267685 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The etiology of MS is not well understood, but it's likely one of the genetic and environmental factors. Approximately 85% of patients have relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), while 10-15% have primary progressive MS (PPMS). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), members of the human Herpesviridae family, are strong candidates for representing the macroenvironmental factors associated with MS) pathogenesis. Antigenic mimicry of EBV involving B-cells has been implicate in MS risk factors and concomitance of EBV and HHV-6 latent infection has been associated to inflammatory MS cascade. To verify the possible role of EBV and HHV-6 as triggering or aggravating factors in RRMS and PPMS, we compare their frequency in blood samples collected from 166 MS patients. The presence of herpes DNA was searched by real-time PCR (qPCR). The frequency of EBV and HHV-6 in MS patients were 1.8% (3/166) and 8.9% (14/166), respectively. Among the positive patients, 100% (3/3) EBV and 85.8% (12/14) HHV-6 are RRMS and 14.4% (2/14) HHV-6 are PPMS. Detection of EBV was 1.2% (2/166) and HHV-6 was 0.6% (1/166) in blood donors. About clinical phenotype of these patients, incomplete multifocal myelitis, and optic neuritis were the main CNS manifestations. These are the first data about concomitant infection of these viruses in MS patients from Brazil. Up to date, our findings confirm a higher prevalence in female with MS and a high frequency of EBV and HHV-6 in RRMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciane A Amado Leon
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/ Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Vasques Raposo-Vedovi
- Laboratory of Translacional Neurosciences, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro/UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia Lima Fontes-Dantas
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Gabriel Dib Farinhas
- Department of Neurology/Reference and Research Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Other Central Nervous System Idiopathic Demyelinating Inflammatory Diseases, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valéria Coelho Santa Rita Pereira
- Department of Neurology/Reference and Research Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Other Central Nervous System Idiopathic Demyelinating Inflammatory Diseases, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Soniza V Alves-Leon
- Department of Neurology/Reference and Research Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Other Central Nervous System Idiopathic Demyelinating Inflammatory Diseases, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Translacional Neurosciences, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro/UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa S de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/ Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lino K, Alves LS, Raposo JV, Medeiros T, Souza CF, Silva AAD, de Paula VS, Almeida JR. Presence and clinical impact of human herpesvirus-6 infection in patients with moderate to critical coronavirus disease-19. J Med Virol 2021; 94:1212-1216. [PMID: 34647632 PMCID: PMC8662171 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) may cause serious diseases in immunocompromised individuals. SARS-CoV-2/HHV-6 coinfection has been emphasized in previous works, mostly case reports, small series, or epidemiological studies, but few are known about its real clinical outcomes. Here we present a real-world pilot study aiming to understand the frequency and the clinical impact of HHV-6 coinfection in moderate to critically ill patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 and HHV-6 were evaluated in nasopharyngeal samples at the hospital admission of suspected COVID-19 patients. From 173 consecutive cases, 60 were SARS-CoV-2 positive and 13/60 (21.7%) were HHV-6 positive after identified as the HHV-6B species by a Sanger sequencing. The SARS-CoV-2+/HHV-6+ group was younger but not significant for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and cancer, but significant among therapeutic immunosuppressed patients (as systemic lupus erythematosus and kidney transplant patients). In the medical records, only sparse data on cutaneous or neurological manifestations were found. Biochemical and hematological data showed only a trend towards hyperferritinemic status and lymphopenia. In conclusion, despite the impressive high frequency of HHV-6 coinfection in SARS-CoV-2 positive cases, it did not impact general mortality. We suggest larger future prospective studies to better elucidate the influence of HHV-6 reactivation in cases of COVID-19, designed to specific assessment of clinical outcomes and viral reactivation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Lino
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research Support in Nephrology and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lilian S Alves
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research Support in Nephrology and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jessica V Raposo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thalia Medeiros
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research Support in Nephrology and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cintia F Souza
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research Support in Nephrology and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea A da Silva
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research Support in Nephrology and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge R Almeida
- Multiuser Laboratory for Research Support in Nephrology and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Alves AD, Melgaço JG, Cássia Nc Garcia RD, Raposo JV, de Paula VS, Araújo CC, Pinto MA, Amado LA. Persistence of Parvovirus B19 in liver from transplanted patients with acute liver failure. Future Microbiol 2021; 15:307-317. [PMID: 32286103 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we investigated the presence of B19V in liver tissues from patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and evaluated the viral activity in infected liver. Methods: Serum and liver samples from 30 patients who underwent liver transplantation for ALF were investigated for B19V infection by real-time PCR, serological tests and examination of B19V mRNA (transcript) expression in the liver. Results: The serum and liver samples from seven patients were B19V DNA positive (103-105 copies/ml). Most of them presented detectable anti-B19V IgG, indicating persistent infection. B19V mRNA was detected in all patients, demonstrating intra-hepatic replication. Conclusion: B19V infection of the liver during the course of non-A-E ALF suggested a role of B19V, which produced the worst outcome in co-infected patients and in patients with cryptogenic ALF, in liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Dr Alves
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Juliana G Melgaço
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rita de Cássia Nc Garcia
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jessica V Raposo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vanessa S de Paula
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Marcelo A Pinto
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luciane A Amado
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Lima LRP, Dos Santos Pereira JDS, de Almeida NAA, de Meneses MDF, Aguiar SF, Fernandes CAS, Azevedo RC, de Paula VS. Seroprevalence of human alphaherpesvirus 1 and 2 among pregnant women infected or uninfected with Zika virus from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3383-3388. [PMID: 33174631 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women are an important group to be monitored for infection due to the risk of transmitting infections to their babies. Both herpes simples virus (HSV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are neurotropic viruses that can be transmitted congenitally. In this study, the prevalence and risk factors of HSV among Zika-positive and -negative pregnant women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were evaluated and compared. About 167 serum samples included in our study were from pregnant women with ZIKV infection symptoms, who were attended to in different hospitals in Rio de Janeiro between November 2015 to February 2016. Blood samples collected from 167 pregnant women were used for this study. The presence of HSV antibodies and viremia were evaluated by commercial ELISA and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses, respectively. The data obtained from medical records were statistically analyzed. The HSV-1 and HSV-2 prevalence among pregnant women was 80.2% and 12.5% for Zika-positive women and 84.5% and 5.6% for Zika-negative women, respectively. None of the pregnant women exhibited HSV viremia. Age, trimester of gestation, and skin color were associated with HSV-1 and HSV-2 prevalence among the groups studied. HSV-2 was more prevalent in Zika-positive pregnant women than in Zika-negative pregnant women, and this simultaneous infection should be better investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyana R P Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology Molecular, Oswaldo Cruz Institution, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana de S Dos Santos Pereira
- Department of Virology, Institution of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathalia A A de Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology Molecular, Oswaldo Cruz Institution, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo D F de Meneses
- Department of Virology, Institution of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Shirlei F Aguiar
- Central Laboratory of Public Heath Noel Nutels-LACEN-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Renata C Azevedo
- Department of Virology, Institution of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology Molecular, Oswaldo Cruz Institution, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lopes ADO, Lima LRP, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Martinelli KG, Morgado MG, Pilotto JH, de Paula VS. Low prevalence of human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection among HIV-infected pregnant women in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:3458-3461. [PMID: 31747817 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1685967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant women coinfected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) are at higher risk of Kaposi's sarcoma development, increased viral load, and vertical transmission of these viruses. A total of 131 pregnant women infected with HIV were examined for antibodies against HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) and lytic antigens using immunofluorescence assays. The presence of HHV-8 DNA was confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and nested PCR. Overall, 0.8% (1/131) of the patients contained antibodies to HHV-8 LANA and lytic antigens, and no HHV-8 DNA was detected. This study, including a small population of HIV-infected pregnant women in Brazil, indicates a low prevalence of HHV-8 seropositivity and absence of active infection in this group. However, a potential role of HHV-8 in the increased transmission and pathogenic activity of HIV in pregnant women is suggested. Attention should be given to the emergence of HHV-8 infection in this population group in order to avoid comorbidities and transmission of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de O Lopes
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lyana R P Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tania R Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratório de Virologia, LIM52, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katrini G Martinelli
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mariza G Morgado
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José H Pilotto
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Hospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S de Paula
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
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Rodrigues LL, Pilotto JH, Lima LR, Gaydos CA, Hardick J, Morgado MG, Martinelli KG, de Paula VS, Nicol AF. Self-collected versus clinician-collected samples for HSV-2 and HSV-2/HPV screening in HIV-infected and -uninfected women in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil. Int J STD AIDS 2019; 30:1055-1062. [PMID: 31451076 DOI: 10.1177/0956462419842007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) and HSV-2/human papillomavirus (HPV) co-infection by self-collected samples compared to clinician-collected samples in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-infected and -uninfected women from the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 439 anal and cervical scrapings and cervico-vaginal self-collected samples obtained from 153 eligible HIV-infected and -uninfected women. Real-time PCR for HSV-2 and nested PCR for HPV detection were performed. A multivariate analysis identified risk factors for HSV-2/HPV co-infection. The anogenital prevalence of HSV-2 was 9.2% (14/153), HPV was 67.3% (103/153) and HSV-2/HPV co-infection was 6.5% (10/153). There was a significant overall agreement (95.5%, 11/133, kappa 0.64, 95% CI 0.38–0.90, p < 0.0001) for HSV-2 detection by the self-collected and clinician-collected samples. HSV-2 genital infection was more prevalent than anal infection in all participants. HIV-infected women had a higher prevalence of HSV-2 and HSV-2/HPV. No woman with a cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion had HSV-2/HPV co-infection. Risk factors for HSV-2/HPV were age ≤25 years (aOR = 10.07) and being single (aOR = 3.79). In general, young and single women are at greater risk for HSV-2/HPV infection. Self-collection can be a useful strategy for the screening of HSV-2 and HPV in limited-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Ls Rodrigues
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - José H Pilotto
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lyana Rp Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Charlotte A Gaydos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Hardick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mariza G Morgado
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katrini G Martinelli
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S de Paula
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alcina F Nicol
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rodrigues LLS, Hardick J, Nicol AF, Morgado MG, Martinelli KG, de Paula VS, Pilotto JH, Gaydos CA. Sexually transmitted infections among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil: Self-collected vs. clinician-collected samples. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215001. [PMID: 31013277 PMCID: PMC6478302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The anogenital prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the use of cervico-vaginal self-collected vs. clinician-collected samples were evaluated for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil. We recruited 153 women for a cross-sectional study (112 HIV-uninfected and 41 HIV-infected) who sought health services. Anal and cervical scrapings and cervico-vaginal self-collection samples were collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction methods were used for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium. A syphilis test was also performed. Risk factors for STIs were identified by multivariate analysis. The overall prevalence of STIs was 30.4% (34/112) in HIV-uninfected women and 24.4% (10/41) in HIV-infected women. Anogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection was the most prevalent in both groups of women (20.5% vs 19.5%). There was significant agreement for each STI between self-collected and clinician-collected samples: 91.7%, kappa 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-0.85 for Chlamydia trachomatis; 99.2%, kappa 0.85, 95% CI 0.57-1.00 for Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 97.7%, kappa 0.39, 95% CI -0.16-0.94 for Trichomonas vaginalis; and 94.7%, kappa 0.51, 95% CI 0.20-0.82 for Mycoplasma genitalium. Women with human papillomavirus had coinfection or multiple infections with other STIs. Risk factors for STIs were being ≤ 25 years old, being employed or a student, reporting a history of STI and having a positive HPV test. A high prevalence of STIs in women in the Tapajós region was found. Cervico-vaginal self-collection is a useful tool for STI screening and can be used in prevention control programs in low-resource settings, such as in northern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana L. S. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Justin Hardick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alcina F. Nicol
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariza G. Morgado
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katrini G. Martinelli
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S. de Paula
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José H. Pilotto
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Charlotte A. Gaydos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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de Almeida Ribeiro CR, Amado LA, Tourinho RS, Pinto Lima LR, Melgaço JG, de Almeida AJ, Bastos LS, Lewis-Ximenez LL, de Paula VS. Accuracy of rapid test for diagnosis of hepatitis A with different infection rate settings and with predictive modeling. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:247-258. [PMID: 30663895 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the accuracy of a commercial rapid immunochromatographic test (rapid test [RT]) for hepatitis A (HA) diagnosis and epidemiological studies. MATERIALS & METHODS The accuracy of a RT was evaluated in laboratory and in field conditions. Predictive modeling estimated the test performance in a hypothetical population. RESULTS The RT showed sensitivities of 66-86%, and specificities of 21-100%, depending on the antibody isotype (IgM or IgG) analyzed and prevalence of infection. CONCLUSION The RT is a good alternative for diagnostic in HA outbreaks. The predictive model indicates that it should not be used alone for HA diagnosis in low prevalence populations. These data can be used in the future to strengthen decision-making during the implementation of rapid diagnostic methods in health services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciane A Amado
- Laboratory of Development Technological in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata S Tourinho
- Laboratory of Development Technological in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lyana R Pinto Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana G Melgaço
- Laboratory of Development Technological in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adilson J de Almeida
- Department of General Medicine, Gaffrée & Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro School of Medicine & Surgery, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Bastos
- Scientific Computing Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lia L Lewis-Ximenez
- Ambulatory Clinic of Viral Hepatitis/Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fernandes-Monteiro AG, Trindade GF, Yamamura AMY, Moreira OC, de Paula VS, Duarte ACM, Britto C, Lima SMB. New approaches for the standardization and validation of a real-time qPCR assay using TaqMan probes for quantification of yellow fever virus on clinical samples with high quality parameters. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1865-71. [PMID: 26011746 PMCID: PMC4514303 DOI: 10.4161/21645515.2014.990854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and production of viral vaccines, in general, involve several steps that need the monitoring of viral load throughout the entire process. Applying a 2-step quantitative reverse transcription real time PCR assay (RT-qPCR), viral load can be measured and monitored in a few hours. In this context, the development, standardization and validation of a RT-qPCR test to quickly and efficiently quantify yellow fever virus (YFV) in all stages of vaccine production are extremely important. To serve this purpose we used a plasmid construction containing the NS5 region from 17DD YFV to generate the standard curve and to evaluate parameters such as linearity, precision and specificity against other flavivirus. Furthermore, we defined the limits of detection as 25 copies/reaction, and quantification as 100 copies/reaction for the test. To ensure the quality of the method, reference controls were established in order to avoid false negative results. The qRT-PCR technique based on the use of TaqMan probes herein standardized proved to be effective for determining yellow fever viral load both in vivo and in vitro, thus becoming a very important tool to assure the quality control for vaccine production and evaluation of viremia after vaccination or YF disease.
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Key Words
- 17DD, strain used to yellow fever vaccine
- ANVISA, Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency
- C, capsid protein
- CV, coefficient of variation
- Ct, cycle threshold
- DENV, dengue virus
- DL, detection limit
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- E, envelope protein
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- EXO IPC, exogenous internal positive control
- FDA, food and drug administration agency
- JEV, japanese encephalitis virus
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- MV, measles virus
- MuV, mumps virus
- NS, nonstructural protein
- NS5, protein of the viral polyprotein, it is the largest and the most highly conserved among the flaviviral proteins
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PFU, plaque former unit
- QL, quantification limit
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- RNAse P, human constitutive gene
- RT-qPCR
- RT-qPCR, reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- WNV, West Nile Virus
- YF, yellow fever
- YFV, yellow fever virus
- molecular diagnosis
- prM/M, membrane protein
- viral load
- viral vaccines
- yellow fever virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice G Fernandes-Monteiro
- a Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica (LATEV); Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos; Biomanguinhos/Fiocruz ; Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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11
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da Silva AS, Raposo JV, Pereira TC, Pinto MA, de Paula VS. Effects of RNA interference therapy against herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis. Antivir Ther 2015; 21:225-35. [DOI: 10.3851/imp3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Vieira YR, Silva MFM, Santos DRL, Vieira AA, Ciacci-Zanella JR, Barquero G, do Lago BV, Gomes SA, Pinto MA, de Paula VS. Serological and molecular evidence of hepadnavirus infection in swine. Ann Agric Environ Med 2015; 22:11-16. [PMID: 25780820 DOI: 10.5604/12321966.1141361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Recently, investigations in a swine herd identified evidence of the existence of a novel member of the Hepadnavirus family endemic in swine. The aim of this study was to investigate the serological and molecular markers of Hepadnavirus circulation in Brazilian domestic swine and wild boar herds, and to evaluate the identity with HBV and other Hepadnaviruses reported previously. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the study, 376 swine were screened for hepatitis B virus serological markers. Analyses were performed in serum samples using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (DiaSorin®) for anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs. Reactive and undetermined swine serum samples were selected to perform DNA viral extraction (QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, Qiagen®), partial genome amplification and genome sequencing. RESULTS From 376 swine samples analysed, 28 (7.45%) were reactive to anti-HBc, 3 (0.80%) to HBsAg and 6 (1.6%) to anti-HBs. Besides, more 17 (4.52%) swine samples analyzed were classified in the grey zone of the EIA test to anti-HBc and 2 (0.53%) to HBsAg. From 49 samples molecularly analyzed after serological trial, 4 samples showed a positive result for the qualitative PCR for Hepadnavirus. Phylogenetic reconstruction using partial genome sequencing (360 bp) of 3 samples showed similarity with HBV with 90.8-96.3% of identity. CONCLUSIONS Serological and molecular data showed evidence of the circulation of a virus similar to hepatitis B virus in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine R Vieira
- Laboratory of Development Technological in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelle F M Silva
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Débora R L Santos
- Departament of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Federal Rural University of Rio De Janeiro, UFRRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônio A Vieira
- Departament of Animal Production, Institute of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Rio De Janeiro, UFRRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bárbara V do Lago
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Selma A Gomes
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Pinto
- Laboratory of Development Technological in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S de Paula
- Laboratory of Development Technological in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, RJ, Brazil
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13
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Adlhoch C, Kaiser M, Kingsley MT, Schwarz NG, Ulrich M, de Paula VS, Ehlers J, Löwa A, Daniel AM, Poppert S, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Ellerbrok H. Porcine hokovirus in domestic pigs, Cameroon. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:2060-2. [PMID: 24274159 PMCID: PMC3840879 DOI: 10.3201/eid1912.130891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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14
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de Carvalho LG, Marchevsky RS, dos Santos DRL, de Oliveira JM, de Paula VS, Lopes LM, Van der Poel WHM, González JE, Munné MS, Moran J, Cajaraville ACRA, Pelajo-Machado M, Cruz OG, Pinto MA. Infection by Brazilian and Dutch swine hepatitis E virus strains induces haematological changes in Macaca fascicularis. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:495. [PMID: 24148233 PMCID: PMC3870956 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been described as an emerging pathogen in Brazil and seems to be widely disseminated among swine herds. An autochthonous human case of acute hepatitis E was recently reported. To obtain a better understanding of the phenotypic profiles of both human and swine HEV strains, a experimental study was conducted using the animal model, Macaca fascicularis. METHODS Six cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were inoculated intravenously with swine HEV genotype 3 that was isolated from naturally and experimentally infected pigs in Brazil and the Netherlands. Two other monkeys were inoculated with HEV genotype 3 that was recovered from Brazilian and Argentinean patients with locally acquired acute and fulminant hepatitis E. The haematological, biochemical, and virological parameters of all animals were monitored for 67 days. RESULTS Subclinical hepatitis was observed in all monkeys after inoculation with HEV genotype 3 that was recovered from the infected swine and human patients. HEV RNA was detected in the serum and/or faeces of 6 out of the 8 cynomolgus monkeys between 5 and 53 days after inoculation. The mild inflammation of liver tissues and elevations of discrete liver enzymes were observed. Seroconversions to anti-HEV IgM and/or IgG were detected in 7 animals. Reactivities to anti-HEV IgA were also detected in the salivary samples of 3 animals. Interestingly, all of the infected monkeys showed severe lymphopenia and a trend toward monocytosis, which coincided with elevations in alanine aminotransferase and antibody titres. CONCLUSIONS The ability of HEV to cross the species barrier was confirmed for both the swine (Brazilian and Dutch) and human (Argentinean) strains, thus reinforcing the zoonotic risk of hepatitis E in South America. Cynomolgus monkeys that were infected with HEV genotype 3 developed subclinical hepatitis that was associated with haematological changes. Haematological approaches should be considered in future studies of HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian G de Carvalho
- Centre for Laboratory Animal Breeding, Department of Primatology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato S Marchevsky
- Laboratory of Neurovirulence, Institute of Technology on Immunobiologicals, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora RL dos Santos
- Laboratory of Veterinary Viruses, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, UFRRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline M de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S de Paula
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leilane M Lopes
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wilhelmus HM Van der Poel
- Central Veterinary, Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge E González
- National Reference Laboratory in Viral Hepatitis, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria S Munné
- National Reference Laboratory in Viral Hepatitis, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julio Moran
- Dr. Julio Moran Laboratories, Ebmatingen, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Carolina R A Cajaraville
- Laboratory of Virological Technology, Institute of Technology on Immunobiologicals, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pelajo-Machado
- Laboratory of Pathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo G Cruz
- Programme of Scientific Computation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Pinto
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Delvaux N, de Paula VS, do Espírito-Santo MP, da Silva EF, Miguel JC, de Oliveira JC, da Silva AS, Vieira YR, Lampe E, Villar LM. Knowledge about viral hepatitis among participants of Gay Pride Event in Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 17:377-8. [PMID: 23607919 PMCID: PMC9427413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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16
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Amado LA, Marchevsky RS, de Paula VS, Hooper C, Freire MDS, Gaspar AMC, Pinto MA. Experimental hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): evidence of active extrahepatic site of HAV replication. Int J Exp Pathol 2010; 91:87-97. [PMID: 20096073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This work studied the replication sites of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) after intravenous inoculation. The cynomolgus monkeys were inoculated with the Brazilian hepatitis A virus strain (HAF-203). Monkeys were euthanized on days 15, 30, 45 and 60 postinoculation (pi). Liver samples, submandibular salivary gland, mesenteric lymph node and tonsils were removed for virological and pathological evaluation. Immunofluorescence analyses on liver and salivary gland sections using confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed the presence of HAV antigen (HAV Ag). The presence of HAV genome was monitored by real-time PCR. The HAV RNA was detected at 7 days postinoculation (dpi), concomitantly in serum, saliva and faeces. The highest HAV viral load was observed in faeces at 15 dpi (10(5) copies/ml), followed by serum viral load of 10(4) copies/ml at 20 dpi and saliva viral load of 10(3 )copies/ml at 7 dpi. The animals showed first histological and biochemical signs of hepatitis at 15 dpi. The HAV antigen (Ag) was present from day 7 until day 60 pi in the liver and salivary glands. The HAV replicative intermediate was also detected in the liver (4.5 x 10(4) copies/mg), salivary glands (1.9 x 10(3) copies/mg), tonsils (4.2 x 10(1) copies/mg) and lymph nodes (3.4 x 10(1) copies/mg). Our data demonstrated that the salivary gland as an extrahepatic site of early HAV replication could create a potential risk of saliva transmitted infection. In addition, the cynomolgus monkey was confirmed as a suitable model to study the pathogenesis of HAV human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane A Amado
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Amado LA, Villar LM, de Paula VS, de Almeida AJ, Gaspar AMC. Detection of hepatitis A, B, and C virus-specific antibodies using oral fluid for epidemiological studies. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2006; 101:149-55. [PMID: 16830707 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762006000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we examine the adaptability of commercially available serological kits to detect antibodies markers for viral hepatitis in oral fluid samples. We also assessed the prevalence of hepatitis A, B, and C virus-specific antibodies, and related risk factors for these infectious diseases through sensitivity of the tests in saliva samples to evaluate if oralfluid can be an alternative tool to substitute serum in diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis and in epidemiological studies. One hundred and ten paired serum and saliva specimens from suspect patients of having acute hepatitis were collected to detect antibodies to hepatitis A (total and IgM), hepatitis B (anti-HBs, total anti-HBc and IgM anti-HBc), and hepatitis C (anti-HCV) using commercially available enzyme-linked immunossorbent assay (EIA). In relation to serum samples, oral fluid assay sensitivity and specificity were as follows: 87 and 100% for total anti-HAV, 79 and 100% for anti-HAVIgM, 6 and 95% for anti-HBs, 13 and 100%for total anti-HBc, 100 and 100% for anti-HBc IgM, and 75 and 100% for anti-HCV The consistency observed between antibodies tests in saliva and expected risk factors for hepatitis A and C suggests that the saliva method could replace serum in epidemiological studies for hepatitis A and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane A Amado
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz. Av. Brasil 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
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18
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Morais LM, de Paula VS, Arantes MR, Oliveira MLA, Gaspar AMC. Early infection and asymptomatic spread of hepatitis A virus in a public child care center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: should attending children under two years of age be vaccinated? Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2006; 101:401-5. [PMID: 16951811 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762006000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted in order to identify hepatitis A virus (HAV) serological markers in 418 individuals (mean age, 16.4 years; range, 1 month-80 years) at a public child care center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as well as to analyze risk factors and determine circulating genotypes. Serum samples were tested using an enzyme immunoassay. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect and characterize HAV RNA, and sequencing was performed. Anti-HAV antibodies and IgM anti-HAV antibodies were detected, respectively, in 89.5% (374/418) and 10.5% (44/418) of the individuals tested. Acute HAV infection in children was independently correlated with crawling (p < 0.05). In 56.8% (25/44) of the IgM anti-HAV-positive individuals and in 33.3% (5/15) of the IgM anti-HAV-negative individuals presenting clinical symptoms, HAV RNA was detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed co-circulation of subgenotypes IA and IB in 93.3% (28/30) of the amplified samples. In present study, we verify that 79% (30/38) of children IgM anti-HAV-positive were asymptomatic. In child care centers, this asymptomatic spread is a more serious problem, promoting the infection of young children, who rarely show signs of infection. Therefore, vaccinating children below the age of two might prevent the asymptomatic spread of hepatitis A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane M Morais
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brasil.
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Abstract
A limited number of hepatitis A virus (HAV) isolates from South America have been characterised at the genomic level. IgM anti-HAV positive serum samples collected from patients with hepatitis A living in the five geographical regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Central, South, and Southeast) were used to obtain HAV isolates and determine their genetic relatedness. Of the 232 case isolates, sequence data were obtained from the VP1/2A junction region of the HAV genome. All isolates were classified in genotype I; 231 belonged to subgenotype IA, and one to subgenotype IB. HAV isolates from four States formed distinct clusters of highly related sequences. However, isolates from other states did not cluster and the sequences from those states were intermingled with sequences found in the other states. The amino acid sequences of all but two isolates showed a Leu --> Ile substitution at position 42 in the 2A protein. This substitution appeared to be a characteristic geographic fingerprint of HAV sequences within Brazil.
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de Paula VS, Saback FL, Gaspar AMC, Niel C. Mixed infection of a child care provider with hepatitis A virus isolates from subgenotypes IA and IB revealed by heteroduplex mobility assay. J Virol Methods 2003; 107:223-8. [PMID: 12505637 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(02)00248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis based on a 168 base segment encompassing the putative VP1/2A junction of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) genome has enabled the classification of HAV isolates into seven genotypes (I-VII). Genotype I, which includes the vast majority of the human HAV isolates, has been divided further into subgenotypes IA and IB. An heteroduplex mobility assay was designed with amplification products from the VP1/2A junction region, and used as a genotyping method able to discriminate HAV isolates belonging to IA, IB and non-I genotypes. The method was used to successfully genotype 48 samples (16 IA and 32 IB). However, one HAV RNA positive serum sample (AUX-23), collected from a 15 year old female employed at a child care center located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, showed an unusual pattern. PCR products from sample AUX-23 gave rise to heteroduplex bands when mixed with IA products as well as with IB products, suggesting the presence of HAV isolates from both subgenotypes in the serum. PCR products from sample AUX-23 were then cloned and 20 clones were analyzed by heteroduplex mobility assay. Eleven were subgenotype IA and 9 were IB. Three clones of each subgenotype were then sequenced to confirm the results. These data constitute the first report of mixed infection of a single individual with different HAV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S de Paula
- Department of Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Paula VS, Baptista ML, Lampe E, Niel C, Gaspar AMC. Characterization of hepatitis A virus isolates from subgenotypes IA and IB in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Med Virol 2002; 66:22-7. [PMID: 11748654 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) isolates from around the world have been classified into seven genotypes (I-VII). Most human strains belong to genotype I, which has been divided into two subgenotypes, A and B. South America has provided a small number of strains studied at the genome level. In the present study, IgM anti-HAV antibodies were detected in 116 out of 250 (46%) serum samples collected from consecutive patients with acute hepatitis referred to the Brazilian Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis, Rio de Janeiro. Viral RNA were extracted from all 250 samples and submitted to a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay designed to amplify a genome segment in the VP1/2A junction region. HAV RNA was detected in 54/116 (47%) and 17/134 (13%) IgM anti-HAV-positive and -negative sera, respectively. In addition, HAV RNA was detected in 17/35 (49%) IgM anti-HAV-positive sera that had been collected at a day care center where cases of acute hepatitis were being observed for 3 months. Nucleotide sequences (168 bp) of PCR products were determined for 30 HAV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 21 belonged to subgenotype IB, while 9 were of subgenotype IA. Interestingly, a concomitant circulation of isolates from subgenotypes IA and IB was observed in the day care center.
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