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Wang Z, Zhou X, Shang Y, Wang B, Lu K, Gan W, Lai H, Wang J, Huang C, Chen Z, Hao C, Feng E, Li J. Synthesis and Characterization of Superhydrophobic Epoxy Resin Coating with SiO 2@CuO/HDTMS for Enhanced Self-Cleaning, Photocatalytic, and Corrosion-Resistant Properties. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1849. [PMID: 38673205 PMCID: PMC11051187 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The exceptional corrosion resistance and combined physical and chemical self-cleaning capabilities of superhydrophobic photocatalytic coatings have sparked significant interest among researchers. In this paper, we propose an economical and eco-friendly superhydrophobic epoxy resin coating that incorporates SiO2@CuO/HDTMS nanoparticles modified with Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS). The application of superhydrophobic coatings effectively reduces the contact area between the metal surface and corrosive media, leading to a decreased corrosion rate. Additionally, the incorporation of nanomaterials, exemplified by SiO2@CuO core-shell nanoparticles, improves the adhesion and durability of the coatings on aluminum alloy substrates. Experimental data from Tafel curve analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirm the superior corrosion resistance of the superhydrophobic modified aluminum alloy surface compared to untreated surfaces. Estimations indicate a significant reduction in corrosion rate after superhydrophobic treatment. Furthermore, an optical absorption spectra analysis of the core-shell nanoparticles demonstrates their suitability for photocatalytic applications, showcasing their potential contribution to enhancing the overall performance of the coated surfaces. This research underscores the promising approach of combining superhydrophobic properties with photocatalytic capabilities to develop advanced surface modification techniques for enhanced corrosion resistance and functional properties in diverse industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Wang
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (B.W.); (K.L.); (W.G.); (H.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (C.H.)
| | - Yongwei Shang
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (B.W.); (K.L.); (W.G.); (H.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Bingkui Wang
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (B.W.); (K.L.); (W.G.); (H.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Kecheng Lu
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (B.W.); (K.L.); (W.G.); (H.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Weijiang Gan
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (B.W.); (K.L.); (W.G.); (H.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Huajun Lai
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (B.W.); (K.L.); (W.G.); (H.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Jiang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (C.H.)
| | - Caimin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (C.H.)
| | - Zongning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Chenggang Hao
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (B.W.); (K.L.); (W.G.); (H.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Enlang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
- Geely Baikuang Group Co., Ltd., Baise 533000, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (B.W.); (K.L.); (W.G.); (H.L.); (C.H.)
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Zhu Y, Wang Z, Chen Z, Xin X, Gan W, Lai H, Lin C. Highly Stretchable, Biodegradable, and Recyclable Green Electronic Substrates. Small 2024; 20:e2305181. [PMID: 37699749 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
As a steady stream of electronic devices being discarded, a vast amount of electronic substrate waste of petroleum-based nondegradable polymers is generated, raising endless concerns about resource depletion and environmental pollution. With coupled reagent (CR)-grafted artificial marble waste (AMW@CR) as functional fillers, polylactic acid (PLA)-based highly stretchable biodegradable green composite (AMW@CR-SBGC) is prepared, with elongation at break up to more than 250%. The degradation mechanism of AMW@CR-SBGC is deeply revealed. AMW@CR not only contributed to the photodegradation of AMW@CR-SBGC but also significantly promoted the water degradation of AMW@CR-SBGC. More importantly, AMW@CR-SBGC showed great potential as sustainable green electronic substrates and AMW@CR-SBGC-based electronic skin can simulate the perception of human skin to strain signals. The outstanding programmable degradability, recyclability, and reusability of AMW@CR-SBGC enabled its application in transient electronics. As the first demonstration of artificial marble waste in electronic substrates, AMW@CR-SBGC killed three birds with one stone in terms of waste resourcing, e-waste reduction, and saving nonrenewable petroleum resources, opening up vast new opportunities for green electronics applications in areas such as health monitoring, artificial intelligence, and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- Advanced Materials Industry Institute, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 530007, Nanning, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- Advanced Materials Industry Institute, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 530007, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhou Xin
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Weijiang Gan
- Advanced Materials Industry Institute, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 530007, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Huajun Lai
- Advanced Materials Industry Institute, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 530007, Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Lin
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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Qu J, Wang Z, Gan W, Xiao R, Yao X, Khanam Z, Ouyang L, Wang H, Yang H, Zhang S, Balogun MS. Efficient Hydrogen Evolution on Antiperovskite CuNCo 3 Nanowires by Mo Incorporation and its Trifunctionality for Zn Air Batteries and Overall Water Splitting. Small 2024; 20:e2304541. [PMID: 37661573 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The current development of single electrocatalyst with multifunctional applications in overall water splitting (OWS) and zinc-air batteries (ZABs) is crucial for sustainable energy conversion and storage systems. However, exploring new and efficient low-cost trifunctional electrocatalysts is still a significant challenge. Herein, the antiperovskite CuNCo3 prototype, that is proved to be highly efficient in oxygen evolution reaction but severe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, is endowed with optimum HER catalytic properties by in situ-derived interfacial engineering via incorporation of molybdenum (Mo). The as-prepared Mo-CuNCo3 @CoN nanowires achieve a low HER overpotential of 58 mV@10 mA cm-2 , which is significantly higher than the pristine CuNCo3 . The assembled CuNCo3 -antiperovskite-based OWS not only entails a low overall voltage of 1.56 V@10 mA cm-2 , comparable to most recently reported metal-nitride-based OWS, but also exhibits excellent ZAB cyclic stability up to 310 h, specific capacity of 819.2 mAh g-1 , and maximum power density of 102 mW cm-2 . The as-designed antiperovskite-based ZAB could self-power the OWS system generating a high hydrogen rate, and creating opportunity for developing integrated portable multifunctional energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Weijiang Gan
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, P. R. China
| | - Ran Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xincheng Yao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zeba Khanam
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Liuzhang Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad-Sadeeq Balogun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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Wang Z, Liu Z, Wu C, Liu S, Wang D, Hu C, Chen T, Ran Z, Gan W, Li G. Computational Analysis on Antioxidant Activity of Four Characteristic Structural Units from Persimmon Tannin. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:ma16010320. [PMID: 36614657 PMCID: PMC9821802 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants are molecules that can prevent the harmful effects of oxygen, help capture and neutralize free radicals, and thus eliminate the damage of free radicals to the human body. Persimmon tannin (PT) has excellent antioxidant activity, which is closely related to its molecular structure. We report here a comparative study of four characteristic structural units from PT (epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), A-type linked ECG dimer (A-ECG dimer), A-type linked EGCG dimer (A-EGCG dimer)) to explore the structure-activity relationship by using the density functional theory. Based on the antioxidation mechanism of hydrogen atom transfer, the most favorable active site for each molecule exerts antioxidant activity is determined. The structural parameters, molecular electrostatic potential, and frontier molecular orbital indicate that the key active sites are located on the phenolic hydroxyl group of the B ring for ECG and EGCG monomers, and the key active sites of the two dimers are located on the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the A and D' rings. The natural bond orbital and bond dissociation energy of the phenolic hydroxyl hydrogen atom show that the C11-OH in the ECG monomer and the C12-OH in the EGCG monomer are the most preferential sites, respectively. The most active site of the two A-linked dimers is likely located on the D' ring C20' phenolic hydroxyl group. Based on computational analysis of quantum chemical parameters, the A-ECG dimer is a more potent antioxidant than the A-EGCG dimer, ECG, and EGCG. This computational analysis provides the structure-activity relationship of the four characteristic units which will contribute to the development of the application of PT antioxidants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhigao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dianhui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chaohao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhaojin Ran
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Weijiang Gan
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Guiyin Li
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
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5
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Liu Z, Wang Z, Gan W, Liu S, Zhang J, Ran Z, Wu C, Hu C, Wang D, Chen T, Li G. Computational and Experimental Investigation of the Selective Adsorption of Indium/Iron Ions by the Epigallocatechin Gallate Monomer. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8251. [PMID: 36431735 PMCID: PMC9696512 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Selective recovery of indium has been widely studied to improve the resource efficiency of critical metals. However, the interaction and selective adsorption mechanism of indium/iron ions with tannin-based adsorbents is still unclear and hinders further optimization of their selective adsorption performance. In this study, the epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) monomer, which is the key functional unit of persimmon tannin, was chosen to explore the ability and mechanism of selective separation/extraction of indium from indium-iron mixture solutions. The density functional theory calculation results indicated that the deprotonated EGCG was easier to combine with indium/iron cations than those of un-deprotonated EGCG. Moreover, the interaction of the EGCG-Fe(III) complex was dominated by chelation and electrostatic interaction, while that of the EGCG-In(III) complex was controlled by electrostatic interactions and aromatic ring stacking effects. Furthermore, the calculation of binding energy verified that EGCG exhibited a stronger affinity for Fe(III) than that for In(III) and preferentially adsorbed iron ions in acidic or neutral solutions. Further experimental results were consistent with the theoretical study, which showed that the Freundlich equilibrium isotherm fit the In(III) and Fe(III) adsorption behavior very well, and the Fe(III) adsorption processes followed a pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamics data revealed that the adsorption of In(III) and Fe(III) onto EGCG was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. The adsorption rate of the EGCG monomer for Fe(III) in neutral solution (1:1 mixed solution, pH = 3.0) was 45.7%, 4.3 times that of In(III) (10.7%). This study provides an in-depth understanding of the relationship between the structure of EGCG and the selective adsorption capacity at the molecular level and provides theoretical guidance for further optimization of the selective adsorption performance of structurally similar tannin-based adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Liu
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | | | - Weijiang Gan
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhaojin Ran
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Chaohao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dianhui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Guiyin Li
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
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Gan W, Zhang NN, Li L. The Regulation Mechanism of AMPK/FOXO3 Signal Pathway in the Apoptosis and Differentiation of Duck Myoblasts. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Zhang Z, Qiu M, Du H, Li Q, Yu C, Gan W, Peng H, Xia B, Xiong X, Song X, Yang L, Hu C, Chen J, Yang C, Jiang X. Small RNA sequencing reveals miRNAs important for hypoxic adaptation in the Tibetan chicken. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:632-639. [PMID: 32631087 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1792835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
1. The Tibetan chicken, which is an indigenous breed living on the Tibetan Plateau, exhibits hypoxic adaptations to its high-altitude environment. However, the molecular mechanism behind this hypoxic adaptation is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate differentially expressed miRNAs involved in hypoxic adaptation through high-throughput RNA sequencing. 2. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes in chicken embryonic heart tissues and fibroblasts. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the relationship between miRNAs and target genes. 3. The study identified 37 differentially expressed miRNAs in Tibetan chicken embryonic heart tissues, including 20 up- and 17 down-regulated miRNAs, compared to those found in lowland chickens. Differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly involved in biological processes, such as cell cycle arrest, toll-like receptor signalling pathways, and I-kappa B kinase/NF-kappa B signalling. The data showed that gga-miR-34 c-5p was significantly upregulated in Tibetan chicken tissues and hypoxic fibroblasts, while EHHADH, a target gene of gga-miR-34 c-5p, was downregulated. Moreover, gga-miR-34 c-5p dramatically decreased the luciferase activity of the wild EHHADH, whereas no effect on the mutational EHHADH was found. 4. This study identified miRNA expression profiles in the Tibetan chicken and suggested that miR-34 c-5p acts as a novel miRNA associated with hypoxic adaptation. This facilitates the understanding of molecular mechanisms that underlie long-term exposure to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Poultry Research Institute, Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Qiu
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Du
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Li
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Yu
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Gan
- Poultry Research Institute, Shanghai Ying Biotechnology Company , Shanghai, China
| | - H Peng
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Xia
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Xiong
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Song
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Yang
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Hu
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Chen
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Yang
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Jiang
- Poultry Research Institute, Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Poultry Research Institute, Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Gan W, Bennett D, Mahajan A, Du H, Chen Z, McCarthy M, Clarke R. P6231Iron status and risk of cardio-metabolic diseases in European adults: a Mendelian randomization study. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Observational studies have reported conflicting results about the associations of iron status with risk of cardio-metabolic diseases but such studies are constrained by confounding and reverse causality.
Purpose
To assess the causal relevance of iron status biomarkers (transferrin, serum iron, and ferritin) for risk of coronary artery diseases (CAD), ischaemic stroke (IS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), using Mendelian randomization (MR).
Methods
Effect size estimates for genetic variants associated with iron status biomarkers were obtained from the Genetics of Iron Status consortium (transferrin saturation, serum iron, and ferritin: n=48,972). The corresponding effects of these variants on the risk of CAD, IS and T2D were obtained from a meta-analysis of unrelated participants of European ancestry in the UK Biobank (UKB), together with previously recruited participants in CARDIOGRAMplusC4D (total n=90,377 CAD cases), MEGASTROKE (total n=43,381 IS cases) and DIAGRAM (total n=74,124 T2D cases), respectively. The main analysis used a two-sample inverse-variance weighted MR, while the sensitivity analyses used weighted-median, weighted-mode, MR-PRESSO, and MR-Egger approaches.
Results
MR analysis demonstrated significant inverse association of each of the three genetically-instrumented iron status biomarker with risk of CAD (transferrin saturation OR=0.96 [95% CI: 0.92–0.99], p=0.02; serum iron OR=0.93 [0.89–0.97], p=0.001; and ferritin OR=0.86 (0.79–0.94), p=0.001, per 1 SD higher level). In contrast, these iron status biomarkers showed positive associations with risk of T2D (transferrin saturation OR=1.06 [1.01–1.11], p=0.01; serum iron OR=1.06 [0.99–1.13], p=0.07; and ferritin OR=1.12 [0.99–1.26], p=0.06, per 1 SD higher level). There was positive, but non-significant, association of IS with each of the iron status biomarker analysed. Sensitivity analyses using several different MR approaches yielded concordant results.
Conclusions
Among European adults, iron status appeared to have causal associations, but in opposite directions, with the risk of CHD and T2D. Our findings highlight the need for caution about strategies for advocating iron supplementation in individuals with normal haemoglobin levels for prevention of CAD.
Acknowledgement/Funding
British Heart Found, Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gan
- University of Oxford, Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Bennett
- University of Oxford, Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Mahajan
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - H Du
- University of Oxford, Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Z Chen
- University of Oxford, Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M McCarthy
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R Clarke
- University of Oxford, Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Coppola R, Crescenzi F, Gan W, Hofmann M, Li M, Visca E, You JH. Neutron diffraction measurement of residual stresses in an ITER-like tungsten-monoblock type plasma-facing component. Fusion Engineering and Design 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Vaucher J, Keating BJ, Lasserre AM, Gan W, Lyall DM, Ward J, Smith DJ, Pell JP, Sattar N, Paré G, Holmes MV. Cannabis use and risk of schizophrenia: a Mendelian randomization study. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1287-1292. [PMID: 28115737 PMCID: PMC5984096 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use is observationally associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia, but whether the relationship is causal is not known. Using a genetic approach, we took 10 independent genetic variants previously identified to associate with cannabis use in 32 330 individuals to determine the nature of the association between cannabis use and risk of schizophrenia. Genetic variants were employed as instruments to recapitulate a randomized controlled trial involving two groups (cannabis users vs nonusers) to estimate the causal effect of cannabis use on risk of schizophrenia in 34 241 cases and 45 604 controls from predominantly European descent. Genetically-derived estimates were compared with a meta-analysis of observational studies reporting ever use of cannabis and risk of schizophrenia or related disorders. Based on the genetic approach, use of cannabis was associated with increased risk of schizophrenia (odds ratio (OR) of schizophrenia for users vs nonusers of cannabis: 1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.67; P-value=0.007). The corresponding estimate from observational analysis was 1.43 (95% CI, 1.19-1.67; P-value for heterogeneity =0.76). The genetic markers did not show evidence of pleiotropic effects and accounting for tobacco exposure did not alter the association (OR of schizophrenia for users vs nonusers of cannabis, adjusted for ever vs never smoker: 1.41; 95% CI, 1.09-1.83). This adds to the substantial evidence base that has previously identified cannabis use to associate with increased risk of schizophrenia, by suggesting that the relationship is causal. Such robust evidence may inform public health messages about cannabis use, especially regarding its potential mental health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vaucher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B J Keating
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A M Lasserre
- Centre for Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology (CEPP), University Hospital of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - W Gan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D M Lyall
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Ward
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D J Smith
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J P Pell
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - N Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - G Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Population Genomics Program, Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Zhou D, Zhou D, Zhan S, Wang P, Qin K, Gan W, Lin X. Inhibition of JMJD6 expression reduces the proliferation, migration and invasion of neuroglioma stem cells. Neoplasma 2017; 64:700-708. [DOI: 10.4149/neo_2017_507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Xiong XP, Song Q, Han CC, Gan W, He F, Wei SH, Liu HH, Xu HY. Insulin Promotes the Expression of the Gluconeogenic Rate-Limiting Enzymes Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (Pepck) and Glucose 6-Phosphatase (G6pase) through PI3k/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Goose Hepatocytes. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2015-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- XP Xiong
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - Q Song
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - CC Han
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - W Gan
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - F He
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - SH Wei
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - HH Liu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
| | - HY Xu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, China
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Lu Y, Li P, Gan W, Zhao X, Shen S, Feng W, Xu Q, Bi Y, Guo H, Zhu D. Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Hypertensive and Normotensive Adrenal Pheochromocytomas. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016; 124:372-9. [PMID: 27219882 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - P. Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - W. Gan
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - X. Zhao
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - S. Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - W. Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Q. Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Y. Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - H. Guo
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - D. Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Song Q, Han C, Xiong X, He F, Gan W, Wei S, Liu H, Li L, Xu H. PI3K-Akt-mTOR signal inhibition affects expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7868. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15037868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Gan W, Song Q, Zhang NN, Xiong XP, Wang DMC, Li L. Association between FTO polymorphism in exon 3 with carcass and meat quality traits in crossbred ducks. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:6699-714. [PMID: 26125879 DOI: 10.4238/2015.june.18.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is an excellent candidate gene that affects energy metabolism. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FTO are associated with carcass and meat quality traits in pigs, cattle, and rabbits. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between novel SNPs in the FTO coding region and carcass and meat quality traits in 95 crossbred ducks, using DNA sequencing. We found two transitions G/A (SNP 387 and 473) within exon 3. SNP 387 was a synonymous mutation, whereas SNP 473 was a missense mutation. Association analysis suggested that SNP g.387G>A was significantly associated with all of the carcass traits measured, the intramuscular fat content (IMF), cooking yield (CY), pH values 45 min after slaughter (pH45m), drip losses from the breast muscle, and the leg muscle (P < 0.05). For SNP g.473G>A, the genotype AA exhibited greater leg muscle weight than the genotypes GG or AG (P < 0.05). The D value suggested that the two SNPs exhibited strong linkage disequilibrium. Three haplotypes (G1G2, G1A2, and A1A2) were significantly associated with IMF, CY, the a* value, and all of the carcass traits measured (P < 0.05). The results suggest that FTO is a candidate locus that affects carcass and meat quality traits in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Song
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - N N Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - X P Xiong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - D M C Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - L Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
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Gan W, Zhou X, Yang H, Chen H, Qiao J, Khan SH, Yang L, Yin X, Zhao D. Development of a test for bovine tuberculosis in cattle based on measurement of gamma interferon mRNA by real-time PCR. Vet Rec 2013; 173:117. [PMID: 23832268 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Gan
- The State Key Lab of Agrobio-technology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; National TES Lab; Ministry of Agriculture; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; 2 Yuanmingyuan West road Beijing 100193 China
| | - X. Zhou
- The State Key Lab of Agrobio-technology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; National TES Lab; Ministry of Agriculture; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; 2 Yuanmingyuan West road Beijing 100193 China
| | - H. Yang
- Center for Cow Research; Shandong Academy of Agriculture; 159 Gongye North road Shandong 250183 China
| | - H. Chen
- Beijing general station of animal husbandry and veterinary service; Beijing Municipal Bureau of Agriculture; A15 Beiyuan road Beijing 100107 China
| | - J. Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; 2 Yuanmingyuan West road Beijing 100193 China
| | - S. H. Khan
- The State Key Lab of Agrobio-technology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; National TES Lab; Ministry of Agriculture; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; 2 Yuanmingyuan West road Beijing 100193 China
| | - L. Yang
- The State Key Lab of Agrobio-technology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; National TES Lab; Ministry of Agriculture; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; 2 Yuanmingyuan West road Beijing 100193 China
| | - X. Yin
- The State Key Lab of Agrobio-technology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; National TES Lab; Ministry of Agriculture; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; 2 Yuanmingyuan West road Beijing 100193 China
| | - D. Zhao
- The State Key Lab of Agrobio-technology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis; National TES Lab; Ministry of Agriculture; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; 2 Yuanmingyuan West road Beijing 100193 China
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Zhang LQ, Song XN, Dai DP, Zhou XY, Gan W, Takagi Y, Hayakawa H, Sekiguchi M, Cai JP. Lowered Nudix type 5 expression leads to cellular senescence in IMR-90 fibroblast cells. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:511-6. [PMID: 23581889 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.795221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The molecule 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua), an oxidized form of guanine, can pair with adenine or cytosine during nucleic acid synthesis. RNA sequences that contain 8-oxoGua cause translational errors that lead to the synthesis of abnormal proteins. Human Nudix type 5 (NUDT5), a MutT-related protein, catalyzes the hydrolysis of 8-oxoGDP to 8-oxoGMP, thereby preventing the misincorporation of 8-oxoGua into RNA. To investigate the biological roles of NUDT5 in human fibroblast cells, we established cell lines with decreased levels of NUDT5 expression. In NUDT5 knockdown cells, the RNA oxidation levels were significantly higher, the rates of cellular senescence and cell apoptosis were significantly increased, and the cell viability was significantly decreased in comparison with control cells. These results suggested that the NUDT5 protein could play significant roles in the prevention of RNA oxidation and survival in human fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L- Q Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, PR China
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Wang T, Wang J, Gan W, Huang C. e0099 Baicalin protection rat cardiomyocytes from ischaemia-reperfusion injury and antiarrhythmia via inhibiting L-type calcium current. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Liu G, Guo H, Li X, Liu T, Zhang S, Ji C, Gan W, Zeng L. UP-1.126: The Expression of PCA3 mRNA in Urine Sediments Obtained after Prostatic Massage of Patients with Prostate Cancer. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ji Y, Gong Y, Gan W, Beach T, Holtzman DM, Wisniewski T. Apolipoprotein E isoform-specific regulation of dendritic spine morphology in apolipoprotein E transgenic mice and Alzheimer's disease patients. Neuroscience 2004; 122:305-15. [PMID: 14614898 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are postsynaptic sites of excitatory input in the mammalian nervous system. Apolipoprotein (apo) E participates in the transport of plasma lipids and in the redistribution of lipids among cells. A role for apoE is implicated in regeneration of synaptic circuitry after neural injury. The apoE4 allele is a major risk factor for late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is associated with a poor outcome after brain injury. ApoE isoforms are suggested to have differential effects on neuronal repair mechanisms. In vitro studies have demonstrated the neurotrophic properties of apoE3 on neurite outgrowth. We have investigated the influence of apoE genotype on neuronal cell dendritic spine density in mice and in human postmortem tissue. In order to compare the morphology of neurons developing under different apoE conditions, gene gun labeling studies of dendritic spines of dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells of the hippocampus were carried out in wild-type (WT), human apoE3, human apoE4 expressing transgenic mice and apoE knockout (KO) mice; the same dendritic spine parameters were also assessed in human postmortem DG from individuals with and without the apoE4 gene. Quantitative analysis of dendritic spine length, morphology, and number was carried out on these mice at 3 weeks, 1 and 2 years of age. Human apoE3 and WT mice had a higher density of dendritic spines than human E4 and apoE KO mice in the 1 and 2 year age groups (P<0.0001), while at 3 weeks there were no differences between the groups. These age dependent differences in the effects of apoE isoforms on neuronal integrity may relate to the increased risk of dementia in aged individuals with the apoE4 allele. Significantly in human brain, apoE4 dose correlated inversely with dendritic spine density of DG neurons cell in the hippocampus of both AD (P=0.0008) and aged normal controls (P=0.0015). Our findings provide one potential explanation for the increased cognitive decline seen in aged and AD patients expressing apoE4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ji
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Duan H, Chen D, Jiang M, Gan W, Li S, Wang M, Gong J. Self-assembly of unlike homopolymers into hollow spheres in nonselective solvent. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:12097-8. [PMID: 11724623 DOI: 10.1021/ja011502v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Duan
- Department of Macromolecular Science and The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Gu D, Gan W, Xu X. [Evaluation on the effect of cardiovascular prevention program in Fangshan, Beijing]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2001; 22:424-7. [PMID: 11851055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of cardiovascular prevention program in Fangshan, Beijing (BFCP) from 1991-1999. METHODS BFCP was a comprehensive community trial covering 120,000 residents in five communities, including three as intervention communities (IC), and two as control communities (CC), in Fangshan, suburb of Beijing. The program was implemented under both population and high risk individual strategies, focusing on health education and hypertension control. The main intervention measures were as follows: (1) network setup; (2) health education and promotion; (3) health professional training; (4) detection and management of hypertensive patients. RESULTS Baseline, midterm and final cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the year 1991, 1995 and 1999, respectively. After 9-year intervention, improvement was found in population of IC versus CC (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) for knowledge, attitude and behavior of CVD prevention, awareness on hypertension, treatment and control rates, as well as the quantity of dietary intake of protein, potassium and calcium. Risk factors such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, rates of smoking and alcohol drinking declined in the population in IC versus CC (P < 0.01). The average morbidity and mortality of stroke were 18.7% (u = 2.81, P < 0.01) and 17.7% (u = 2.91, P < 0.01), significantly lower in the IC versus CC. No significant difference was identified on the morbidity and mortality of coronary heart diseases between IC and CC. CONCLUSION The comprehensive community prevention approach was feasible and effective in the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases in rural populations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gu
- Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical Collage, Beijing 100037, China
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Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, Li PW, Mural RJ, Sutton GG, Smith HO, Yandell M, Evans CA, Holt RA, Gocayne JD, Amanatides P, Ballew RM, Huson DH, Wortman JR, Zhang Q, Kodira CD, Zheng XH, Chen L, Skupski M, Subramanian G, Thomas PD, Zhang J, Gabor Miklos GL, Nelson C, Broder S, Clark AG, Nadeau J, McKusick VA, Zinder N, Levine AJ, Roberts RJ, Simon M, Slayman C, Hunkapiller M, Bolanos R, Delcher A, Dew I, Fasulo D, Flanigan M, Florea L, Halpern A, Hannenhalli S, Kravitz S, Levy S, Mobarry C, Reinert K, Remington K, Abu-Threideh J, Beasley E, Biddick K, Bonazzi V, Brandon R, Cargill M, Chandramouliswaran I, Charlab R, Chaturvedi K, Deng Z, Di Francesco V, Dunn P, Eilbeck K, Evangelista C, Gabrielian AE, Gan W, Ge W, Gong F, Gu Z, Guan P, Heiman TJ, Higgins ME, Ji RR, Ke Z, Ketchum KA, Lai Z, Lei Y, Li Z, Li J, Liang Y, Lin X, Lu F, Merkulov GV, Milshina N, Moore HM, Naik AK, Narayan VA, Neelam B, Nusskern D, Rusch DB, Salzberg S, Shao W, Shue B, Sun J, Wang Z, Wang A, Wang X, Wang J, Wei M, Wides R, Xiao C, Yan C, Yao A, Ye J, Zhan M, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zheng L, Zhong F, Zhong W, Zhu S, Zhao S, Gilbert D, Baumhueter S, Spier G, Carter C, Cravchik A, Woodage T, Ali F, An H, Awe A, Baldwin D, Baden H, Barnstead M, Barrow I, Beeson K, Busam D, Carver A, Center A, Cheng ML, Curry L, Danaher S, Davenport L, Desilets R, Dietz S, Dodson K, Doup L, Ferriera S, Garg N, Gluecksmann A, Hart B, Haynes J, Haynes C, Heiner C, Hladun S, Hostin D, Houck J, Howland T, Ibegwam C, Johnson J, Kalush F, Kline L, Koduru S, Love A, Mann F, May D, McCawley S, McIntosh T, McMullen I, Moy M, Moy L, Murphy B, Nelson K, Pfannkoch C, Pratts E, Puri V, Qureshi H, Reardon M, Rodriguez R, Rogers YH, Romblad D, Ruhfel B, Scott R, Sitter C, Smallwood M, Stewart E, Strong R, Suh E, Thomas R, Tint NN, Tse S, Vech C, Wang G, Wetter J, Williams S, Williams M, Windsor S, Winn-Deen E, Wolfe K, Zaveri J, Zaveri K, Abril JF, Guigó R, Campbell MJ, Sjolander KV, Karlak B, Kejariwal A, Mi H, Lazareva B, Hatton T, Narechania A, Diemer K, Muruganujan A, Guo N, Sato S, Bafna V, Istrail S, Lippert R, Schwartz R, Walenz B, Yooseph S, Allen D, Basu A, Baxendale J, Blick L, Caminha M, Carnes-Stine J, Caulk P, Chiang YH, Coyne M, Dahlke C, Deslattes Mays A, Dombroski M, Donnelly M, Ely D, Esparham S, Fosler C, Gire H, Glanowski S, Glasser K, Glodek A, Gorokhov M, Graham K, Gropman B, Harris M, Heil J, Henderson S, Hoover J, Jennings D, Jordan C, Jordan J, Kasha J, Kagan L, Kraft C, Levitsky A, Lewis M, Liu X, Lopez J, Ma D, Majoros W, McDaniel J, Murphy S, Newman M, Nguyen T, Nguyen N, Nodell M, Pan S, Peck J, Peterson M, Rowe W, Sanders R, Scott J, Simpson M, Smith T, Sprague A, Stockwell T, Turner R, Venter E, Wang M, Wen M, Wu D, Wu M, Xia A, Zandieh A, Zhu X. The sequence of the human genome. Science 2001; 291:1304-51. [PMID: 11181995 DOI: 10.1126/science.1058040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7678] [Impact Index Per Article: 333.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A 2.91-billion base pair (bp) consensus sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome was generated by the whole-genome shotgun sequencing method. The 14.8-billion bp DNA sequence was generated over 9 months from 27,271,853 high-quality sequence reads (5.11-fold coverage of the genome) from both ends of plasmid clones made from the DNA of five individuals. Two assembly strategies-a whole-genome assembly and a regional chromosome assembly-were used, each combining sequence data from Celera and the publicly funded genome effort. The public data were shredded into 550-bp segments to create a 2.9-fold coverage of those genome regions that had been sequenced, without including biases inherent in the cloning and assembly procedure used by the publicly funded group. This brought the effective coverage in the assemblies to eightfold, reducing the number and size of gaps in the final assembly over what would be obtained with 5.11-fold coverage. The two assembly strategies yielded very similar results that largely agree with independent mapping data. The assemblies effectively cover the euchromatic regions of the human chromosomes. More than 90% of the genome is in scaffold assemblies of 100,000 bp or more, and 25% of the genome is in scaffolds of 10 million bp or larger. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed 26,588 protein-encoding transcripts for which there was strong corroborating evidence and an additional approximately 12,000 computationally derived genes with mouse matches or other weak supporting evidence. Although gene-dense clusters are obvious, almost half the genes are dispersed in low G+C sequence separated by large tracts of apparently noncoding sequence. Only 1.1% of the genome is spanned by exons, whereas 24% is in introns, with 75% of the genome being intergenic DNA. Duplications of segmental blocks, ranging in size up to chromosomal lengths, are abundant throughout the genome and reveal a complex evolutionary history. Comparative genomic analysis indicates vertebrate expansions of genes associated with neuronal function, with tissue-specific developmental regulation, and with the hemostasis and immune systems. DNA sequence comparisons between the consensus sequence and publicly funded genome data provided locations of 2.1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A random pair of human haploid genomes differed at a rate of 1 bp per 1250 on average, but there was marked heterogeneity in the level of polymorphism across the genome. Less than 1% of all SNPs resulted in variation in proteins, but the task of determining which SNPs have functional consequences remains an open challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Venter
- Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Gan W, Chen S, Tao B. [An epidemiological study on pesticide poisoning with mixed preparation]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2001; 35:13-5. [PMID: 11860951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of pesticide poisoning with mixed preparation and risk factors contributing to it. METHODS Twenty-five administrative villages were studied in three townships of Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces with cluster sampling. The sampled villages were divided into study group (12 villages) and control group (13 villages) with approximately equal number of people each. Pesticide sprayers in the study group applied mixed preparation containing organophosphorous and dimethrin and those in the control group applied single organophosphorous preparation. All the sprayers in sampled villages were interviewed with a same questionnaire about their situation of pesticide spraying during the observation period. Cases of pesticide poisoning were ascertained by seniors physicians in occupational diseases after group discussion. RESULTS Incidence of pesticide poisoning was higher in 2 179 sprayers of the study group (10.10 %) than that in 2 615 of the control group (2.29%), with a highly statistically difference (chi(2) = 12.46, P < 0.01) and an risk ratio (RR) of 4.45 (95% CI = 1.94 approximately 10.05) adjusted for other risk factors by logistic regression. Other risk factors for pesticide poisoning with mixed preparation were smoking or taking food during spraying, leaking or breakdown of sprayers, without washing their whole body as soon as possible after spraying, poor personal protection, spraying for a long time, spraying by women and spraying pesticide on cotton. CONCLUSIONS If toxicity of mixed preparation of single pesticide showed a synergistic or additional effect, risk of poisoning by spraying mixed preparation increased. Health education and technical training should be strengthened for pesticide sprayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gan
- Institute of Occupational Health, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100050, China
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Wistow G, Sardarian L, Gan W, Wyatt MK. The human gene for gammaS-crystallin: alternative transcripts and expressed sequences from the first intron. Mol Vis 2000; 6:79-84. [PMID: 10837510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE gammaS-crystallins are major components of adult vertebrate lenses. Here we examine the population of gammaS transcripts in adult human lens and the structure of the human CRYGS genes. METHODS Adult lens human transcripts were obtained from NEIBANK, an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) analysis of human eye tissues. The human CRYGS gene was isolated as a PAC clone and sequenced by direct and PCR-based methods. RESULTS As judged by EST frequency, gammaS is one of the most abundant transcripts in the adult human lens, ranking just behind betaB2-, alphaB- and alphaA-crystallins. EST analysis reveals two transcript sizes resulting from alternative AATAAA and ATTAAA polyadenylation signals. In addition, one cDNA clone was found to contain a novel insert sequence that disrupted the open reading frame. Gene sequencing confirmed that this insert comes from intron 1 and is part of a sequence corresponding to a cluster of unidentified human transcripts in dbEST. Human and mouse gammaS gene proximal promoter sequences were compared and showed a high degree of evolutionary conservation, including consensus binding sites for transcription factors of the maf and SOX families. CONCLUSIONS The human CRYGS gene can give rise to at least two transcripts through alternative polyadenylation. A minor transcript results from alternative splicing into sequences in intron 1. These sequences form part of a transcription unit (Mys) expressed in several non-lens tissues. The identity and function Mys of is not yet known, however, the cryptic splicing of CRYGS could produce a defective protein product, with potentially deleterious results for the adult human lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wistow
- Section on Molecular Structure and Function, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-2740, USA.
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Hobby P, Wyatt MK, Gan W, Bernstein S, Tomarev S, Slingsby C, Wistow G. Cloning, modeling, and chromosomal localization for a small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) family member expressed in human eye. Mol Vis 2000; 6:72-8. [PMID: 10837509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine a highly abundant novel transcript from human iris. METHODS Expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of an adult human iris cDNA library revealed an abundant (>0.7%) transcript for a novel member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. Other 3' ESTs from retina were also detected in dbEST. The structure of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain was investigated by molecular modeling. Antisera were raised against a specific peptide and used in western blots of human and rat eye tissues. RESULTS From its prevalence in the eye and its superfamily relationships, this SLRP protein has been given the names oculoglycan or opticin (Optc). Sequence analysis suggests that Optc has a signal peptide and two structural domains, the larger of which is the LRR domain. Modeling of the LRR domain reveals structural variability in the repeat motifs, forming potential interaction sites for binding partners. Antiserum to a specific peptide detected a protein of approximately 48 kDa, in human iris, ciliary body and retina while the major protein detected in rat ocular tissues was 37 kDa in size. This may reflect a species difference in post-translational modification. Radiation hybrid mapping shows that the gene for OPTC is located on chromosome 1q31, close to the inherited eye diseases ARMD1 and AXPC1. CONCLUSIONS Optc is a newly identified SLRP family member, which appears to have eye-preferred expression. Molecular modeling reveals local deviations from the familiar LRR structure, which are candidates for specific interaction sites. Western blotting with a specific peptide antibody detects Optc in iris, ciliary body and retina in the human eye and suggests that the protein is post-translationally modified. In rat, the antibody detects Optc in several eye tissues and in brain but the protein appears to have undergone much less modification, suggesting that this is not essential for all aspects of function. Considering its eye-preferred expression, the OPTC gene has the potential for involvement in inherited eye disease. Indeed, it maps close to at least two disease loci for which no gene has so far been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hobby
- Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London, UK
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Gan W. Mechanism of porous core electroosmotic pump flow injection system and its application to determination of chromium(VI) in waste-water. Talanta 2000; 51:667-75. [DOI: 10.1016/s0039-9140(99)00320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/1999] [Revised: 11/02/1999] [Accepted: 11/02/1999] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gan W, Sui M, He Y. [Determination of cadmium in soil slurry samples by GFAAS using ammonium oxalate as disperstant]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 1999; 19:861-863. [PMID: 15822318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A method for the determination of trace cadmium in soil slurry samples by GFAAS was optimized. The factors that influence the performances of cadmium at different chemical modifier were investigated. The effect of background has also been studied. It is found that the slurry of soil samples was most stable with ammonium oxalate as disperstant. The results show that the determination of trace cadmium in soil slurry samples could performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei
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Abstract
eIF4G is a member of the class of translational initiation factors involved in mRNA recruitment to the 43S initiation complex. The proteins from yeast to mammals are present in multiple isoforms of 82-176 kDa. Mammalian eIF4G-1 is synthesized by internal initiation of translation and is specifically degraded by viral and host proteases activated by stress conditions. The role of eIF4G in protein synthesis is inferred from the presence of binding sites for other initiation factors that serve to co-localize the 5'- and 3'-termini of mRNA with RNA-helicase activity and the 40S ribosomal subunit. Growth-regulated mRNAs are preferentially translated under conditions of accentuated eIF4E-eIF4G interaction. Proteolysis of eIF4G or expression of competitor proteins interferes with its binding to either the 5'- or 3'-termini, changing the spectrum of mRNAs translated. Elevated eIF4G levels correlate with malignant cell transformation and diminished eIF4G levels, with nutritional deprivation and anoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Keiper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130-3932, USA
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Gan W. A return to the imaginary: psychoanalysis and travel in Vernon Lee's travel essays. Prose Stud 1999; 22:79-90. [PMID: 22053417 DOI: 10.1080/01440359908586686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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He Y, Zheng M, Gan W. [Analysis of chiral compounds by micelle electrokinetic capillary chromatography]. Se Pu 1999; 17:26-9. [PMID: 12548821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An overview on applications of micelle electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) in chiral compounds analysis is presented. Ionic chiral surfactants such as bile salts, long-alkyl-chain surfactants and high-molecular-weight surfactants, which can migrate with electroosmosis and its electrophoretic mobility, and interact with the solutes, are employed as chiral selectors. Addition of electrically neutral chiral selectors such as cyclodextrins is also successful in MECC separation. Theory of MECC enantiomer separation is briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y He
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026
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Abstract
The eIF4 group initiation factors are required for cap-dependent translation initiation. Infection of mammalian cells by picornaviruses results in proteolytic cleavage of one of these factors, eIF4G, which severely restricts cap-dependent initiation but permits cap-independent initiation to proceed from an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in picornaviral RNAs. The first 357 nucleotides (nt) of the 5'-untranslated region of eIF4G mRNA also contains an IRES. Using bicistronic constructs for expression in K562 cells, we have now shown that progressive deletions of the 5'-untranslated region can have either stimulatory or inhibitory effects. Furthermore, a 101-nt segment exhibits full IRES activity, and an 81-nt segment exhibits detectable IRES activity. A polypyrimidine tract (PPT) at the 3' terminus is essential for internal initiation, a property which is characteristic of picornaviral IRESs but not the other host cellular IRESs studied to date. IRES activity does not require sequences beyond 357 nt. Out-of-frame AUGs have no effect on IRES-driven luciferase expression when introduced upstream of the PPT but markedly decrease expression when introduced at sites between the PPT and the authentic initiation codon at nt 369. These results suggest that the ribosomal subunit enters at or near the PPT and then scans downstream for the initiation codon.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA
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Wang W, Zhang X, Gan W. [Hemodynamics in young people after staying at altitude over 5000 meters for 1 year]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 1997; 13:28. [PMID: 10223815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Gan W, Rhoads RE. Internal initiation of translation directed by the 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA for eIF4G, a factor involved in the picornavirus-induced switch from cap-dependent to internal initiation. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:623-6. [PMID: 8557663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.2.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The eIF4 group initiation factors carry out recognition of the mRNA cap, unwinding of mRNA secondary structure, and binding of mRNA to the 43 S preinitiation complex. Infection by picornaviruses results in proteolytic cleavage of one of these factors, eIF4G, an event that severely restricts cap-dependent translation but permits cap-independent initiation to proceed from internal ribosome entry sequences in picornaviral RNAs. The 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of eIF4G mRNA resembles such picornaviral sequences in being unusually long and containing multiple open reading frames and a polypyrimidine tract. When inserted upstream of a luciferase reporter gene, this 5'-UTR served as a translational enhancer in four different cell lines. Mutation of all four upstream ATG codons to AAG did not alter the translational enhancement. The presence of the eIF4G 5'-UTR between an RNA hairpin and the luciferase cistron stimulated expression 119-fold. Similarly, the presence of the 5'-UTR between the two cistrons of a bicistronic mRNA stimulated expression of the downstream cistron 42-fold. These results indicate that the eIF4G 5'-UTR directs internal initiation. The ability to continue synthesis of eIF4G when the cell is unable to carry out normal cap-dependent translation may represent an autoregulatory mechanism or be part of the cellular response to stresses that interrupt cap-dependent translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130-3932, USA
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