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Yu J, Wen Z, Hu W, Chen M, Zhang Y, Liu S, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang D, Zhai SL, Wei WK, Li T, Liao M. Influenza D virus infection in China, 2022-2023. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2343907. [PMID: 38738553 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2343907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV) plays an important role in the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. Its potential for the zoonotic transmission is of particular concern. In China, IDV has previously been identified in agricultural animals by molecular surveys with no live virus isolates reported. In this study, live IDVs were successfully isolated from cattle in China, which prompted us to further investigate the national prevalence, antigenic property, and infection biology of the virus. IDV RNA was detected in 11.1% (51/460) of cattle throughout the country in 2022-2023. Moreover, we conducted the first IDV serosurveillance in China, revealing a high seroprevalence (91.4%, 393/430) of IDV in cattle during the 2022-2023 winter season. Notably, all the 16 provinces from which cattle originated possessed seropositive animals, and 3 of them displayed the 100% IDV-seropositivity rate. In contrast, a very low seroprevalence of IDV was observed in pigs (3%, 3/100) and goats (1%, 1/100) during the same period of investigation. Furthermore, besides D/Yama2019 lineage-like IDVs, we discovered the D/660 lineage-like IDV in Chinese cattle, which has not been detected to date in Asia. Finally, the Chinese IDVs replicated robustly in diverse cell lines but less efficiently in the swine cell line. Considering the nationwide distribution, high seroprevalence, and appreciably genetic diversity, further studies are required to fully evaluate the risk of Chinese IDVs for both animal and human health in China, which can be evidently facilitated by IDV isolates reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieshi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Wen
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanke Hu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwang Chen
- Zhongshan Animal Disease Control Center, Zhongshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlong Zhang
- Guangdong Animal Disease Control Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Shao-Lun Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Zhongshan Animal Disease Control Center, Zhongshan, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liao
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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2
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Yu J, Li T, Wen Z, Wu S, Wang Z, Zheng J, Chen M, Chen F, Wei WK, Zhai SL, Liao M. Identification of D/Yama2019 Lineage-Like Influenza D Virus in Chinese Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:939456. [PMID: 35909676 PMCID: PMC9330358 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.939456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of influenza D virus (IDV) continue to be reported in many countries. On the basis of the hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) gene, five IDV genetic lineages have been identified: D/OK, D/660, D/Yama2016, D/Yama2019 and D/CA2019 lineages. Previously reported IDV strains in China all form a sub-clade (D/China sub-lineage) within D/OK lineage. From October 2021 to February 2022, nasal swab samples (n = 250) were collected from apparently healthy cattle in slaughterhouses around the city of Guangzhou, China, and screened for IDV by RT-PCR. Ten samples were positive for IDV. An IDV strain with nearly complete genome sequences was identified and designated as D/bovine/CHN/JY3001/2021. Importantly, sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this IDV strain is genetically close to the strains (>98% homology) in the D/Yama2019 lineage that has been found only in Japan, but distant from the previously reported Chinese IDV strains (~95% similarity). These results demonstrate the emergence of D/Yama2019 lineage IDV in Chinese cattle herds, highlighting a need for future surveillance of D/Yama2019-like viruses toward better understanding both epidemiology and diversity of IDV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieshi Yu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Zhongshan Animal Disease Control Center, Zhongshan, China
| | - Zhenyu Wen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Zhongshan Animal Disease Control Center, Zhongshan, China
| | - Mingwang Chen
- Zhongshan Animal Disease Control Center, Zhongshan, China
| | - Faming Chen
- Zhongshan Animal Disease Control Center, Zhongshan, China
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Kang Wei
| | - Shao-Lun Zhai
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming, China
- Shao-Lun Zhai
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Maoming, China
- Ming Liao
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3
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Zhai SL, Xie YL, Zhai Q, Wen XH, Lv DH, Chen QL, Wang G, Wei WK. Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of the First Bovine Rhinitis B Virus Isolate in China. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:721284. [PMID: 34631852 PMCID: PMC8493252 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.721284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV) is an emerging viral species in the genus Aphthovirus, family Picornaviridae. Studies suggested that BRBV was considered a potential etiological agent of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). BRBV has been reported in the United States, Sweden, Canada, Japan, and Mexico. However, little information of BRBV was available in China. In this study, we performed viral metagenomic analysis in a calf with respiratory disease. The results showed high abundance (3.85) of BRBV nucleotide and 248 mapped reads in calf samples. Online BLASTn analysis showed that three contigs of those had the highest nucleotide similarity (95%) with one Swedish BRBV isolate (BRBV_SWE1, GenBank accession no. KY432299). To identify the genome characterization of the Chinese BRBV isolate (designated CHN1), six couples of overlapping RT-PCR primers were designed according to genome sequences of BRBV_SWE1. Through gene cloning and splicing, we obtained the genome information of CHN1, possessing 7,465 nucleotides (46.6% G+C). Although CHN1 had the highest nucleotide similarity (95.1%) with BRBV_SWE1, one 11-nucleotide (ACATTTGTTGT) deletion occurred in the 5′ untranslated region compared to SWE1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CHN1 clustered together with BRBV_SWE1, and far from other BRBV isolates. This study recorded the first discovery of BRBV infection in China. Further investigation should be made in order to evaluate the infection status and epidemiological significance of BRBV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Zhai
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lun Xie
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhai
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lv
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Ling Chen
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Hong Lv
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shao-Lun Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qi Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qin-Ling Chen
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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5
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Xie YL, Lv DH, Wen XH, Zhai Q, Luo ML, Wei WK, Chen QL, Zhai SL. Development of a Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR Assay for Detection of Bovine Rhinitis B Virus. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:680707. [PMID: 34150897 PMCID: PMC8212975 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.680707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV) has been frequently identified in cattle diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in recent years, suggesting its potential contribution to BRDC. The goal of this study was to develop a TaqMan-based real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for efficient BRBV detection. A pair of primers and a probe were designed based on the 3D gene of the BRBV genome. The assay was specific for BRBV and able to exclude bovine rhinitis A virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus and Senecavirus A. The limit of detection of the assay was 4.46 copies per reaction. A standard curve was plotted, with a coefficient of determination of 0.999 in the concentration range of 100-108 copies/μl. The reproducibility of the assay was acceptable, with the standard deviations of cycle threshold values lower than 1.00 in both intra- and inter-assay. Of 200 samples collected from 150 head of cattle in recent years in China, 11% (22/200) of the samples tested positive in the assay, i.e., 4.6% (7/150) of the cattle were BRBV positive. This study provides an efficient diagnostic tool for the epidemiological investigations of BRBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lv
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhai
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man-Lin Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Ling Chen
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Lun Zhai
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ming-Fei Sun
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lv
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lv
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qi Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ming-Fei Sun
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qin-Ling Chen
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Zhai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lv
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qin-Ling Chen
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ming-Fei Sun
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture of Rural Affairs, and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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Zhai SL, Lu SS, Wei WK, Lv DH, Wen XH, Zhai Q, Chen QL, Sun YW, Xi Y. Reservoirs of Porcine Circoviruses: A Mini Review. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:319. [PMID: 31616677 PMCID: PMC6763682 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus (PCV) is one of the smallest known DNA viruses in mammals. At present, PCVs are divided into three species, PCV1, PCV2, and PCV3. PCV1 and PCV2 were found in the 1970s and the 1990s, respectively, whereas PCV3 was discovered recently in 2016. PCV1 does not cause diseases in pigs. However, PCV3, similar to PCV2, is reported to be associated with several swine diseases, including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) and reproductive failure. PCVs are very common in domestic pigs as well as wild boars. However, PCVs have been occasionally isolated from non-porcine animals, including ruminants (such as cattle, goats, wild chamois, and roe deers), rodents (such as NMRI mice, BALB/c mice, Black C57 mice, ICR mice, Mus musculus, and Rattus rattus), canines (such as dogs, minks, foxes, and raccoon dogs), insects (such as flies, mosquitoes, and ticks), and shellfish. Moreover, PCVs are frequently reported in biological products, including human vaccines, animal vaccines, porcine-derived commercial pepsin products, and many cell lines. PCVs are also abundant in the environment, including water samples and air samples. Interestingly, PCV1 and/or PCV2 antibody or antigen has also been detected in sera, stool samples and respiratory swab samples of human, revealing zoonotic potential of PCVs. Thus, PCVs inhabit many types of reservoirs. In this review, we summarize the reservoirs of PCVs, and this information would be helpful in understanding the natural circulating status and possible cross-species transmission of PCVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shou-Sheng Lu
- Guangdong Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Wei Sun
- Guangdong Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Xi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Zhai SL, Lin T, Zhou X, Pei ZF, Wei ZZ, Zhang H, Wen XH, Chen QL, Lv DH, Wei WK. Phylogeographic analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 in Guangdong province, Southern China. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2443-2449. [PMID: 29749588 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is considered an important economic pathogen for the international swine industry. At present, both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 have been confirmed to be co-circulating in China. However, there is little available information about the prevalence or distribution of PRRSV-1 in Guangdong province, southern China. In this study, we performed molecular detection of PRRSV-1 in 750 samples collected from 50 farms in 15 major pig farming regions in this province. After RT-PCR testing, 64% (32/50) of farms were confirmed as PRRSV-1-positive. Surprisingly, PRRSV-1 was circulating on at least one pig farm in all 15 regions; of the 750 samples, 186 samples (24.8%) were positive for PRRSV-1. Furthermore, 15 representative PRRSV-1 ORF5 sequences (606 bp) (n = 1 per region) were obtained from those PRRSV-1-positive regions. Sequence alignment analysis indicated that they shared 81.8% ~ 100% nucleotide and 81.2% ~ 100% amino acid similarity with each other. Although all current PRRSV-1 sequences were divided into pandemic subtype 1, most of them had unique glycoprotein-5 amino acid sequences that are significantly different from other known PRRSV-1 isolates. To conclude, the present findings revealed wide geographical distribution of PRRSV-1 in Guangdong province, southern China. This study further extends the epidemiological significance of PRRSV-1 in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Zhai
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, China Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province/Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Xia Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang-Fu Pei
- Guangdong Wens Dahuanong Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Xinxing, China
| | - Zu-Zhang Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, China Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province/Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Ling Chen
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, China Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province/Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lv
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, China Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province/Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, China Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province/Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhai SL, Zhang H, Chen SN, Zhou X, Lin T, Liu R, Lv DH, Wen XH, Wei WK, Wang D, Li F. Influenza D Virus in Animal Species in Guangdong Province, Southern China. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:1392-1396. [PMID: 28726609 PMCID: PMC5547803 DOI: 10.3201/eid2308.170059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular tests revealed influenza D viruses of D/OK lineage widely circulating in farmed animal species in Guangdong Province, southern China. In particular, we found high levels of influenza D virus infection in goats and pigs. We also detected viral RNA in serum specimens and feces of animals with certain severe diseases.
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12
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Zhai SL, Zhou X, Zhang H, Hause BM, Lin T, Liu R, Chen QL, Wei WK, Lv DH, Wen XH, Li F, Wang D. Comparative epidemiology of porcine circovirus type 3 in pigs with different clinical presentations. Virol J 2017; 14:222. [PMID: 29132394 PMCID: PMC5683367 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3), as an emerging circovirus species, was reported to be widely circulating in the United States, China, South Korea and Poland. Previous studies revealed that PCV3 was mainly concentrated in sick animals with respiratory disease, skin disease, reproductive disorders and so on. However, the circulating status of PCV3 in pigs with other clinical presentations (especilly asymptomatic or diarrhea) was not well established. Findings In this study, to conduct a comparative epidemiological survey of PCV3, 80 weaned pig serum samples with severe respiratory disease (SRD), 175 weaned pig serum samples with mild respiratory disease (MRD), 216 asymptomatic weaned pig serum samples, 35 diarrheal weaned pig samples and 35 non-diarrheal weaned pig samples were collected from eight provinces of China. Via qPCR testing, PCV3 was circulating in all sampling provinces, with total positive rates varying from 1.04% to 100%. Interestingly, the PCV3-positive rate was significantly higher in weaned pigs with SRD (63.75%, 51/80) than in those weaned pigs with MRD (13.14%, 23/175) and asymptomatic pigs (1.85%, 4/216) (P < 0.01). Similarly, the PCV3-positive rate was significantly higher in diarrheal weaned pigs (17.14%, 6/35) than in non-diarrheal weaned pigs (2.86%, 1/35) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the lower Ct values of qPCR were frequently found in those weaned pigs or fattening pigs with respiratory disease and diarrhea rather than that in asymptomatic pigs. Sequence analysis showed that low genetic diversity existed among those PCV3 sequences collected from pigs with different clinical presentations. Conclusions The present study further extends evidence that newly described PCV3 widely circulates in six additional provinces of Southern and Northern China and has high similarity to previously reported isolates. As an emerging virus of swine, although the present case-control study reveals that PCV3 has a potential association with swine respiratory disease and diarrhea, further investigations into the pathogenesis are needed to ascertain the role of PCV3 in swine health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-017-0892-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Zhai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention, Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA. .,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
| | - Xia Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ben M Hause
- Cambridge Technologies, Worthington, MN, 56187, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Runxia Liu
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Qin-Ling Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention, Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention, Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention, Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention, Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
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Zhai SL, Lv DH, Wen XH, Zhu XL, Yang YQ, Chen QL, Wei WK. Preliminary serological evidence for Schmallenberg virus infection in China. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:449-453. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Zhai SL, Chen SN, Liu W, Li XP, Deng SF, Wen XH, Luo ML, Lv DH, Wei WK, Chen RA. Molecular detection and genome characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in rats captured on commercial swine farms. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3237-44. [PMID: 27530112 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is considered the major etiological pathogen of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs) in pigs. Recently, PCV2 was also found in non-porcine animals such as cattle, rats, and mice. However, there was no record of PCV2 in rats in China. The goal of this study was to investigate whether PCV2 was present in rats (Rattus norvegicus, RN) on three swine farms, using molecular tools. PCR results showed that 30 of 95 (31.6 %) rat samples were positive for PCV2. Moreover, further genotype analysis suggested that 10 of 30 (33.3 %) were positive for PCV2a, 19 of 30 (63.3 %) were positive for PCV2b, and only one sample (1/30, 3.33 %) was co-infected by PCV2a and PCV2b. To determine the possible origin of PCV2, 60 serum samples were also collected from weaned pigs on those swine farms, and 23 out of 60 samples were positive for PCV2. In addition, two distinct RN-origin and two distinct porcine-origin PCV2 full-length nucleotide sequences were obtained from the farms. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that they had the highest nucleotide similarity and closest genetic relationships to each other. In this study, we report the infection and genome characterization of PCV2 in rats and compare RN-origin and porcine-origin PCV2 sequences obtained from the same pig farm, revealing possible cross-species transmission of PCV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Zhai
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Chen
- Guangdong Wens Dahuanong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Wens Dahuanong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Su-Fang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Man-Lin Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lv
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Rui-Ai Chen
- Guangdong Wens Dahuanong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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15
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Zhai SL, Wei WK, Li XP, Wen XH, Zhou X, Zhang H, Lv DH, Li F, Wang D. Occurrence and sequence analysis of porcine deltacoronaviruses in southern China. Virol J 2016; 13:136. [PMID: 27496131 PMCID: PMC4974758 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following the initial isolation of porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) from pigs with diarrheal disease in the United States in 2014, the virus has been detected on swine farms in some provinces of China. To date, little is known about the molecular epidemiology of PDCoV in southern China where major swine production is operated. Results To investigate the prevalence of PDCoV in this region and compare its activity to other enteric disease of swine caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV), and porcine rotavirus group C (Rota C), 390 fecal samples were collected from swine of various ages from 15 swine farms with reported diarrhea. Fecal samples were tested by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) that targeted PDCoV, PEDV, TGEV, and Rota C, respectively. PDCoV was detected exclusively from nursing piglets with an overall prevalence of approximate 1.28 % (5/390), not in suckling and fattening piglets. Interestingly, all of PDCoV-positive samples were from 2015 rather than 2012–2014. Despite a low detection rate, PDCoV emerged in each province/region of southern China. In addition, compared to TGEV (1.54 %, 5/390) or Rota C (1.28 %, 6/390), there were highly detection rates of PEDV (22.6 %, 88/390) in those samples. Notably, all five PDCoV-positive piglets were co-infected by PEDV. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) gene sequences of PDCoVs revealed that currently circulating PDCoVs in southern China were more closely related to other Chinese strains of PDCoVs than to those reported in United States, South Korea and Thailand. Conclusions This study demonstrated that PDCoV was present in southern China despite the low prevalence, and supported an evolutionary theory of geographical clustering of PDCoVs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0591-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Zhai
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - He Zhang
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lv
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
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16
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Zhai SL, Chen RA, Chen SN, Wen XH, Lv DH, Wu DC, Yuan J, Huang Z, Zhou XR, Luo ML, He DS, Wei WK. Erratum to: First molecular detection of porcine circovirus type 2 in bovids in China. Virus Genes 2015; 52:160. [PMID: 26578152 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-015-1260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Rui-Ai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Chen
- Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dian-Hong Lv
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Da-Cheng Wu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiu-Rong Zhou
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Man-Lin Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, China.
| | - Dong-Sheng He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Dahuanong Animal Health Products Co., Ltd., Xinxing, 527400, China.
| | - Wen-Kang Wei
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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17
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Zhai SL, He DS, Qi WB, Chen SN, Deng SF, Hu J, Li XP, Li L, Chen RA, Luo ML, Wei WK. Complete genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of three distinct buffalo-origin PCV2 isolates from China. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2014; 28:278-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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18
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Zhai SL, Chen SN, Xu ZH, Tang MH, Wang FG, Li XJ, Sun BB, Deng SF, Hu J, Lv DH, Wen XH, Yuan J, Luo ML, Wei WK. Porcine circovirus type 2 in China: an update on and insights to its prevalence and control. Virol J 2014; 11:88. [PMID: 24885983 PMCID: PMC4031328 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is considered the major pathogen of porcine circovirus associated-diseases (PCVAD) that causes large economic losses for the swine industry in the world annually, including China. Since the first report of PCV2 in 1998, it has been drawing tremendous attention for the government, farming enterprises, farmers, and veterinary practitioners. Chinese researchers have conducted a number of molecular epidemiological work on PCV2 by molecular approaches in the past several years, which has resulted in the identification of novel PCV2 genotypes and PCV2-like agents as well as the description of new prevalence patterns. Since late 2009, commercial PCV2 vaccines, including the subunit vaccines and inactivated vaccines, have already been used in Chinese swine farms. The aim of this review is to update the insights into the prevalence and control of PCV2 in China, which would contribute to understanding the epidemiology, control measures and design of novel vaccines for PCV2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Man-Lin Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Zhai SL, Long JX, Wei WK, Chen QL, Luo ML, Lv DH, Wu DC, Gao F, Yuan SS, Tong GZ, Wei ZZ. High prevalence of torque teno sus virus in China and genetic diversity of the 5’ non-coding region. Arch Virol 2013; 158:1567-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wei WK, Zhai SL, . SNC, . JWZ, . ZZW, . JXL, . SSY, . QLC, . HX, . DCW. Dissection of the Possible Routes on Porcine Circoviruses Infecting Human. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2012.1281.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhai SL, Chen SN, Wei WK. [Research advances in porcine bocavirus]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2012; 28:190-193. [PMID: 22519183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Porcine bocavirus (PBoV) was considered as a new member of the genus Bocavirus of the subfamily Parvovirinae of the family Parvoviridae, which was discovered in Swedish swine herds with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in 2009. At present, as an emerging pathogen, it was paid great attention by researchers at home and abroad. This paper referred to some published literatures and reviewed several aspects of PBoV including its finding, classification, genome structure and replication, epidemiology, associativity with diseases, cultural and diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Zhai
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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22
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Zhai SL, Chen SN, Wei ZZ, Zhang JW, Huang L, Lin T, Yue C, Ran DL, Yuan SS, Wei WK, Long JX. Co-existence of multiple strains of porcine circovirus type 2 in the same pig from China. Virol J 2011; 8:517. [PMID: 22078868 PMCID: PMC3254086 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are often co-infected by different viral strains from the same virus. Up to now, there are few reports about co-existence of different porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) strains in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate it in Chinese swine herds. 118 PCV2 positive DNAs isolated from diseased pigs identified by classic PCR were re-detected using a modified differential PCR assay. The results indicated that co-existence rates of PCV2 were 32.2% (38/118) in diseased pigs and 0% (0/41) in asymptomatic pigs. Four PCV2 complete genomes were cloned from two co-infected samples and their nucleotide (nt) identities were 95%-97.3%. The phylogenetic analysis showed that four PCV2 strains were divided into different genotypes, PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2d and PCV2e, respectively. In addition, co-existence were not detected in 41 serum samples from healthy pigs but PCV2 single infection (31.7%, 13/41) existed. These data revealed that the co-existence of different strains of PCV2 might contribute to the development of more severe clinical symptoms for pigs. This is the first report confirming the co-existence of different PCV2 strains in Chinese swine herds. Meanwhile, this study could help us to understand new infection and prevalence forms of PCV2 clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Zhai
- Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
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Wu XL, Dai M, Chen WS, He ZS, Wei WK, Yang HZ. [Effects of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extracts on body temperature and weight gain of chickens in hot environment]. Zhong Yao Cai 2008; 31:1548-1549. [PMID: 19230413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the decreasing body temperature effect of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae extracts (SZSE) on chickens in hot environment and study its functions of sunstroke and hot-stress prevention. METHODS Ninety 1-day-old San-huang chickens were randomly divided into air-conditioning group, hot-treatment group,and SZSE group. The feed for SZSE group was added SZSE as 1 g/kg. The recta temperatures were recorded when chickens were 1, 14, 35 and 42 days old, and chickens were weighed when they were 35 and 56 days old. RESULTS The body temperatures of SZSE group were remarkably lower than the hot-treatment group at 14th, 35th, 42th day (P<0.05), but the average daily weight gain was higher at 35th and 56th day. CONCLUSION SZSE can decrease body temperature and increase weight gain of chickens in hot environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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