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Kang WS, Ko SM, Lee Y, Oh CS, Kwon MY, Muhammad H, Kim SH, Kim TY. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for determination of the mitral valve area after mitral valve repair surgery for mitral stenosis. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2016; 57:606-614. [PMID: 25475916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressure half-time (PHT) method is usually unreliable for accurate determination of mitral valve area (MVA) immediately after surgical intervention of mitral stenosis (MS). The planimetry method using three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (3D-planimetery method) could enhance accurate determination of the intraoperative MVA. Authors investigated the efficacy of 3D-planimetry method in determining MVA immediately after mitral valve repair procedure (MVRep) for severe mitral stenosis (MS). METHODS In severe MS patients undergoing elective MVRep (N.=41), intraoperative MVAs were determined by using PHT-method and 3D-planimetry method before and immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass (pre- and post-MVAPHT, and -MVA3D-planimetry). MVAs were also determined by using multi-detector computed tomographic scan (MDCT) before MVRep and within 7 days after MVRep (pre- and post-MVACT). MVAs determined by using three different methods were analysed. RESULTS Mitral inflow pressure gradient (median [25th-75th percentile]) was significantly reduced after MVRep (3.0 [2.0-4.0] vs. 7.0 [6.0-9.0] mmHg; P<0.001). Pre-MVAPHT, pre-MVA3D-planimetry and preop-MVACT (mean [95% confidence interval]) did not differ significantly (1.08 [1.00-1.05], 1.08 [0.98-1.08], and 1.14 [1.07-1.22] cm2, respectively), but post-MVA3D-planimetry and post-MVACT (2.22 [2.07-2.36] and 2.31 [2.07-2.36] cm2, respectively) were significantly larger than post-MVAPHT (1.98 [1.83-2.13] cm2; P=0.007 and P<0.001, respectively). The correlation coefficient between post-MVA3D-planimetry and post-MVACT (0.59, P<0.01) was greater than that between post-MVAPHT and post-MVACT (0.39, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results support the clinical efficacy of 3D-planimetry for accurate evaluation of the MVA immediately after MVRep for severe MS, as a valuable alternative to PHT-method which usually underestimates MVA during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon S Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea -
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2
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Kang WS, Kwon JS, Kim HB, Jeong HY, Kang HJ, Jeong MH, Cho JG, Park JC, Kim YS, Ahn Y. A macrophage-specific synthetic promoter for therapeutic application of adiponectin. Gene Ther 2014; 21:353-62. [PMID: 24500526 PMCID: PMC3975813 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Foam cell formation from macrophage is a major cause of atherosclerosis. An efficient macrophage-specific promoter is required for the targeting to macrophages. In this study, we develop a macrophage-specific synthetic promoter for the therapeutic application of adiponectin (APN), an antiatherogenic gene. Synthetic promoter-146 (SP146), registered on the NCBI website (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/DQ107383), was tested for promoter activities in two non-macrophage cell lines (293 T, HeLa) and a macrophage cell line (RAW264.7, bone marrow-derived macrophages). To enforce macrophage specificity, partial elements of p47(phox) including the PU.1 site with various lengths (-C1, -C2 and -C3) were inserted next to the synthetic promoters. SP146-C1 showed the highest specificity and efficacy in RAW264.7 cells and was selected for development of an APN-carrying macrophage-specific promoter. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)- or APN-expressing lentivirus under SP146-C1 (Lenti-SP-GFP or Lenti-SP-APN, respectively) showed the highest expression efficacy in RAW264.7 cells compared with the non-macrophage cell lines. APN overexpression in RAW264.7 cells successfully inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation, and atherosclerotic lesions and lipid accumulation were significantly reduced by Lenti-SP-APN in ApoE-/- atherosclerosis mice. In conclusion, the synthetic promoter SP146-C1, combined with a p47(phox) promoter element, was successfully developed to target macrophage, and macrophage-specific introduction of APN under SP146-C1 was shown to ameliorate the atherosclerotic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kang
- 1] Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea [2] Center of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J S Kwon
- 1] Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea [2] Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - H B Kim
- Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - H-Y Jeong
- Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - H J Kang
- Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - M H Jeong
- 1] Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea [2] Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J G Cho
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J C Park
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- 1] Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea [2] Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Y Ahn
- 1] Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea [2] Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea [3] Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Song JE, Kang WS, Kim DK, Yoon TG, Kim TY, Bang YS, Kim SH. The effect of ulinastatin on postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. J Int Med Res 2012; 39:1201-10. [PMID: 21986122 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective, randomized, double-blind study evaluated the effect of ulinastatin on postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements of patients undergoing open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamping (ACC). CPB and ACC produce variable systemic inflammatory reactions that are associated with multiorgan dysfunction via leucocytes, especially polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). PMNs increase blood loss and transfusion requirements. Ulinastatin, a urinary trypsin inhibitor, inhibits PMN activity and reduces the systemic inflammatory response. Patients received either 5000 U/kg ulinastatin or the equivalent volume of normal saline (control group) before ACC. Postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements were recorded. Duration of intubation and length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) were also noted. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements. Ulinastatin caused a non-significant decrease in duration of intubation. Patients who received ulinastatin had significantly shorter ICU stays than control patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Song
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sung TY, Kang WS, Han SJ, Kim JS, Chee HK, Shin JK, Kim SH. Does Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Provide an Early Warning of Low Haematocrit following the Initiation of Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Cardiac Surgery? J Int Med Res 2011; 39:1497-503. [DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated 151 patients undergoing cardiac surgery to determine whether measurement of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can indicate a low haematocrit after initiation of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Haematocrit, rScO2, haemoglobin level, arterial partial pressures of carbon dioxide and oxygen, systemic blood pressure, and nasopharyngeal and rectal temperatures were determined 5 min after the initial administration of heparin for CPB and 90 s after completion of the first cardioplegic solution injection. Immediately after initiation of hypothermic CPB, rScO2, haemoglobin and haematocrit values were significantly lower than those before CPB. No significant correlations were found between the change in haematocrit and changes in left, right and mean rScO2; thus, changes in rScO2 before and after initiation of hypothermic CPB did not reflect changes in haematocrit values. This indicates that NIRS cannot provide early warning of a low haematocrit immediately after initiation of hypothermic CPB in cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- TY Sung
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - WS Kang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SJ Han
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JS Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HK Chee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JK Shin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SH Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kang WS, Kim DK, Yoon TG, Kim TY, Kim SH. In vitro effects of ulinastatin on blood coagulation using thromboelastography. Minerva Med 2011; 102:109-113. [PMID: 21483397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM The effects of ulinastatin, urinary trypsin inhibitor, on coagulation are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the in vitro effects of ulinastatin on coagulation using modified computerised thromboelastography (ROTEM®) with InTEM®. METHODS A venous blood sample was obtained from the antecubital vein without stasis from 12 healthy adult men. A 290 µL aliquot of blood was combined with either 10 µL of ulinastatin (100 [U100], 200 [U200] or 1000 [U1000] U/mL) or 10 µL of normal saline. The samples were analysed simultaneously at 37 ºC on a four channel ROTEM® with InTEM®. RESULTS Clotting time was significantly increased in the U200 (155.8±9.3 s) and U 1000 (173.6±14.5 s) groups, compared with the control group (136.1±12.6 s). The U 1000 group significantly increased clot formation time (77.6±16.2 s; control group, 63.8±13.4 s) and significantly decreased α angle (74.6±3.3º; control group, 77.4±2.4º). No significant difference in maximum clot firmness or maximum lysis was found between the control and ulinastatin groups. CONCLUSION In-vitro ulinastatin had a direct anticoagulant effects, as assessed by ROTEM® with InTEM®, and the results were within the normal ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kang WS, Park KH, Kim SN, Shin DM, Hong JS, Jung HJ. Degree of cervical shortening after initial induction of labor as a predictor of subsequent successful induction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 36:749-754. [PMID: 20205152 DOI: 10.1002/uog.7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the degree of cervical length shortening is valuable in predicting the success of serial induction of labor on the second day in women in whom it failed on the first day, and to compare its performance with that of cervical length. METHODS This was a prospective observational study. We enrolled 92 consecutive women with singleton gestations at > 34.0 weeks' gestation who failed labor induction on the first day of serial induction. Transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length and determination of the Bishop score were undertaken before performing each labor induction on the first and second days. RESULTS The overall success rate of labor induction performed on the second day was 65% (60/92). Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the degree of cervical length shortening and cervical length were significantly associated with the successful induction of labor after adjustment for body mass index, parity, use of prostaglandin and Bishop score. There were no significant differences between areas under the ROC curves for degree of cervical length shortening and cervical length. CONCLUSIONS The degree of cervical length shortening is valuable in predicting the success of induction of labor on the second day in women in whom induction failed on the first day. However, compared with sonographic cervical length it is no better at predicting the success of subsequent induction of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, Korea
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Kim SN, Park KH, Jung HJ, Hong JS, Shin DM, Kang WS. Clinical and sonographic parameters at 37 weeks' gestation for predicting the risk of primary Cesarean delivery in nulliparous women. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 36:486-492. [PMID: 20586108 DOI: 10.1002/uog.7734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the clinical and sonographic parameters at 37 weeks' gestation that predict the risk of Cesarean delivery in labor for nulliparas. METHODS This prospective observational study recruited nulliparas with singleton pregnancies at 37 weeks' gestation. Determination of the Bishop score, ultrasound measurement of the cervical length, and fetal biometry were performed. The clinical parameters studied were maternal age, height and weight and Bishop score. The sonographic parameters included fetal biparietal diameter, femur length, abdominal circumference (AC), estimated fetal weight (EFW), amniotic fluid index and cervical length. RESULTS Four hundred and fifty-three women were examined; 57 women (12.6%) underwent an emergency Cesarean delivery in labor. Logistic regression analysis identified maternal age and height and fetal AC and EFW, but not cervical length or Bishop score, as the best predictors of Cesarean delivery. Of these predictors, maternal age and height and fetal AC at 37 weeks were included in a final model for risk scoring. The model was shown to have an adequate goodness of fit (P = 0.473), and the area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve was 0.758, indicating reasonably good discrimination. CONCLUSIONS Maternal age and height and fetal AC and EFW at 37 weeks' gestation are the most important parameters in predicting the risk of Cesarean delivery in nulliparas; sonographic measurement of the cervical length and the Bishop score were not predictive of Cesarean delivery. A predictive model using these parameters at 37 weeks provides useful information in the decision-making process regarding the mode of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnamsi, Korea
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Kang WS, Lim MY, Lee EJ, Kim IB, Oh SJ, Brecha NC, Park CB, Chun MH. Light- and electron-microscopic analysis of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive amacrine cells in the guinea pig retina. Cell Tissue Res 2001; 306:363-71. [PMID: 11735036 DOI: 10.1007/s004410100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2001] [Accepted: 08/01/2001] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the morphology and synaptic connections of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing neurons in the guinea pig retina by immunocytochemistry, using antisera against NPY. Specific NPY immunoreactivity was localized to a population of wide-field and regularly spaced amacrine cells with processes ramifying mainly in stratum 1 of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Double-label immunohistochemistry demonstrated that all NPY-immunoreactive cells possessed glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 immunoreactivity. The synaptic connectivity of NPY-immunoreactive amacrine cells was identified in the IPL by electron microscopy. The NPY-labeled amacrine cell processes received synaptic input from other amacrine cell processes and bipolar cell axon terminals in stratum 1 of the IPL. The most frequent postsynaptic targets of NPY-immunoreactive amacrine cells were other amacrine cell processes. Synaptic outputs to bipolar cells were also observed in a small number of cases. This finding suggests that NPY-containing amacrine cells may influence inner retinal circuitry in stratum 1 of the IPL, thus mediating visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kang
- Department of Biology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
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Kang WS, Chung KH, Chung JH, Lee JY, Park JB, Zhang YH, Yoo HS, Yun YP. Antiplatelet activity of green tea catechins is mediated by inhibition of cytoplasmic calcium increase. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2001; 38:875-84. [PMID: 11707691 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200112000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that green tea catechins (GTC) display a potent antithrombotic activity, which might be due to antiplatelet rather than anticoagulation effects. In the current study, we investigated the antiplatelet mechanism of GTC. We tested the effects of GTC on the aggregation of human platelets and on the binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated fibrinogen to human platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa. GTC inhibited the collagen-, thrombin-, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-, and calcium ionophore A23187-induced aggregation of washed human platelets, with 50% inhibitory concentration values of 0.64, 0.52, 0.63, and 0.45 mg/ml, respectively. GTC significantly inhibited fibrinogen binding to human platelet surface GPIIb/IIIa complex but failed to inhibit binding to purified GPIIb/IIIa complex. These results indicate that the antiplatelet activity of GTC may be due to inhibition of an intracellular pathway preceding GPIIb/IIIa complex exposure. We also investigated the effects of GTC on intracellular calcium levels, which are critical in determining the activation status of platelets and on induction of platelet aggregation by thapsigargin, which is a selective inhibitor of the Ca(2+)-ATPase pump. Pretreatment of human platelets with GTC significantly inhibited the rise in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration induced by thrombin treatment, and GTC significantly inhibited the thapsigargin-induced platelet aggregation. We also examined the effect of GTC on the second messenger, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP(3)). GTC significantly inhibited the phosphoinositide breakdown induced by thrombin. Taken together, these observations suggest that the antiplatelet activity of GTC is be mediated by inhibition of cytoplasmic calcium increase, which leads to the inhibition of fibrinogen-GPIIb/IIIa binding via the activation of Ca(2+)-ATPase and inhibition of IP(3) formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaesin-Dong, Heungduk-Gu, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea
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Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is one of the intracellular signal transduction enzymes and plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions. We investigated the expression and cellular localization of the PLD isozyme PLD1 in the rodent retina. Western blot analysis showed the presence of PLD1 at the protein level in the rat, mouse and guinea pig retinas. PLD1 immunoreactivity was localized in all Müller cells. Thus, PLD1 protein appears to be important in the functions of these cells in the rodent retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Socho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
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Yuk DY, Ryu CK, Hong JT, Chung KH, Kang WS, Kim Y, Yoo HS, Lee MK, Lee CK, Yun YP. Antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of 2-chloro-3-[4-(ethylcarboxy)-phenyl]-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ12), a newly synthesized 1,4-naphthoquinone derivative. Biochem Pharmacol 2000; 60:1001-8. [PMID: 10974210 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of NQ12 (2-chloro-3-[4-(ethylcarboxy)-phenyl]-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone) as a novel antithrombotic agent and its mode of action were investigated. The effects of NQ12 on platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma in vitro, in rats ex vivo, and on murine pulmonary thrombosis in vivo, as well as the mode of antithrombotic action were examined. NQ12 potently inhibited ADP-, collagen-, epinephrine-, and calcium ionophore-induced human platelet aggregations in vitro concentration-dependently. NQ12 significantly inhibited rat platelet aggregation in an ex vivo study. NQ12 prevented murine pulmonary thrombosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, NQ12 did not affect coagulation parameters such as activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time. NQ12 inhibited fibrinogen binding to the platelet surface GPIIb/IIIa receptor, but failed to inhibit binding to the purified GPIIb/IIIa receptor. Thromboxane B(2) formation caused by thrombin or collagen was inhibited significantly by NQ12. The phosphoinositide breakdown induced by thrombin or collagen was inhibited concentration-dependently by NQ12. These results suggest that NQ12 may be a promising antithrombotic agent, and its antithrombotic activity may be due to antiplatelet aggregation activity, which may result from the inhibition of phosphoinositide breakdown and thromboxane A(2) formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Yuk
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 361-763, Cheongju, South Korea
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Abstract
Recent studies implicating dendritic protein synthesis in synaptic plasticity have focused attention on identifying components of the molecular machinery involved in processing dendritic RNA. Although Translin was originally identified as a protein capable of binding single-stranded DNA, subsequent studies have demonstrated that it also binds RNA in vitro. Because previous studies indicated that Translin-containing RNA/single-stranded DNA binding complexes are highly enriched in brain, we and others have proposed that it may be involved in dendritic RNA processing. To assess this possibility, we have conducted studies aimed at defining the localization of Translin and its partner protein, Trax, in brain. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated that both Translin and Trax are expressed in neurons with prominent staining apparent in cerebellar Purkinje cells and neuronal layers of the hippocampus. Subcellular fractionation studies demonstrated that both Translin and Trax are highly enriched in the cytoplasmic fraction compared with nuclear extracts. Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies with Translin antibodies revealed prominent staining in Purkinje neuron cell bodies that extends into proximal and distal dendrites. A similar pattern of somatodendritic localization was observed in hippocampal and neocortical pyramidal neurons. These findings demonstrate that Translin is expressed in neuronal dendrites and therefore support the hypothesis that the Translin/Trax complex may be involved in dendritic RNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Finkenstadt
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Kang WS, Lee WK, Seo MS, Kim JK, Han JW, Moon YW, Cho KK, Kim MJ, Lee KH, Kim YS, Jo YH, Choi CR. Cellular distribution of isozymes of protein kinase C in septal olfactory epithelium of mice. Neurosci Lett 2000; 288:143-6. [PMID: 10876081 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To determine the presence of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in the septal olfactory epithelium of mice (mSOE), western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed using antibodies against PKC isozymes. With the exception of PKC-betaI, all of the PKC isozymes were detected in the whole lysate of septal tissue layer and apparent molecular weights for each isoform were found. PKC-alpha, PKC-gamma and PKC-epsilon were detected in the olfactory glandular cells of the lamina propria, and PKC-betaI and PKC-betaII were located in the microvillar cells. Neither novel PKC nor atypical PKC was detected in olfactory glandular cells or microvillar cells, except for PKC-epsilon. PKC-lambda was localized in the mucous layer of the mSOE. Meanwhile, PKC-delta and PKC-xi were distributed in the receptor cells in the mSOE. These data demonstrate the isoform-specific expression of PKC in mSOE and suggest a role for the novel and atypical types of PKC in olfactory transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kang
- Department of Biology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Yuk DY, Lee HY, Ryu CK, Hong JT, Kang WS, Yoo HS, Yun YP. Studies on the antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of NQ304, a newly synthesized naphthoquinone derivative. Arzneimittelforschung 2000; 50:254-9. [PMID: 10758777 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1300195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of p6304 (2-chloro-3-(4-hexylphenyl)-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone) as a novel antithrombotic agent was investigated. NQ304 was found to inhibit platelet aggregation in human platelets in vitro and in rat ex vivo, and murine pulmonary thrombosis in vivo. NQ304 potently inhibited adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, epinephrine and calcium ionophore-induced human platelet aggregation in vitro dose-dependently. In the ex vivo study, oral administration of NQ304 significantly inhibited platelet aggregation in rats. However, NQ304 was found not to affect the coagulation system, since it did not change the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT). The agent prevented death due to pulmonary thrombosis by the platelet aggregates in mice in vivo. In the mouse tail bleeding time test, NQ304 showed a significant prolongation of the tail bleeding time in conscious mice. These results suggest that a principal antithrombotic effect of NQ304 may be due to the antiplatelet aggregation activity but not to anticoagulation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Yuk
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Kang WS, Ryu CK, Chung KH, Ko MW, Joo JC, Yuk DY, Yoo HS, Yun YP. Antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of NQ301, 2-chloro-3-(4-acetophenyl)-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone. Biol Pharm Bull 1999; 22:1284-7. [PMID: 10746156 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.22.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of a newly synthesized NQ301, 2-chloro-3-(4-acetophenyl)-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone, were investigated on human platelet aggregation in vitro and rats ex vivo, and murine pulmonary thrombosis in vivo. NQ301 potently inhibited ADP-, collagen-, epinephrine- and calcium ionophore A23187-induced human platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. NQ301 significantly inhibited platelet aggregation in orally administered rats ex vivo. NQ301 prevented death due to pulmonary thrombosis in mice dose-dependently in vivo. NQ301 also showed significant prolongation of tail bleeding time in conscious mice. However, NQ301 did not alter such coagulation parameters as activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time in human plasma. These results suggest that NQ301 may be a promising antithrombotic agent, and the antithrombotic activity of NQ301 may be due to antiplatelet aggregation activity but not to in vitro anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Abstract
The antithrombotic activities and mode of action of green tea catechins (GTC) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major compound of GTC, were investigated. Effects of GTC and EGCG on the murine pulmonary thrombosis in vivo, human platelet aggregation in vitro, and ex vivo, and coagulation parameters were examined. GTC and EGCG prevented death caused by pulmonary thrombosis in mice in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. They significantly prolonged the mouse tail bleeding time of conscious mice. They inhibited adenosine diphosphate- and collagen-induced rat platelet aggregation ex vivo in a dose-dependent manner. GTC and EGCG inhibited ADP-, collagen-, epinephrine-, and calcium ionophore A23187-induced human platelet aggregation in vitro dose dependently. However, they did not change the coagulation parameters such as activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time using human citrated plasma. These results suggest that GTC and EGCG have the antithrombotic activities and the modes of antithrombotic action may be due to the antiplatelet activities, but not to anticoagulation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Kim SC, Hong JT, Jang SJ, Kang WS, Yoo HS, Yun YP. Formation of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine in liver DNA and hepatic injury by peroxisome proliferator clofibrate and perfluorodecanoic acid in rats. J Toxicol Sci 1998; 23:113-9. [PMID: 9644651 DOI: 10.2131/jts.23.2_113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether the production of hydrogen peroxide by peroxisome proliferators causes oxidative DNA damage in the form of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and hepatic injury, and whether it is related to their tumor-promoting or carcinogenic activities in female rats treated with the peroxisome proliferators clofibrate and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA). Clofibrate has tumor-promoting and carcinogenic activities, whereas PFDA does not. We also tested whether peroxisome proliferators directly induce mutagenic events in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 1537. Rats were treated either by 5% clofibrate in diet or by an i.p. injection of corn oil containing 10 mg/kg body weight of PFDA every week for 2 or 8 weeks. 8-OxodG in liver DNA was analyzed by HPLC coupled with an electrochemical detector. Hepatic injury was evidenced by liver enlargement and by levels of serum enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and hepatic gamma-glutamylpeptidase (gamma-GT) activity. Clofibrate and PFDA increased the activity of catalase about or less than 2-fold, whereas FAO activity was increased about 6 to 7-fold by clofibrate and about 3 to 4-fold by PFDA. Neither clofibrate nor PFDA induced mutation at any dose tested. Clofibrate significantly increased the formation of 8-oxodG, but PFDA only slightly increased. Serum AST and ALT levels, and hepatic gamma-GT activity were not significantly changed at both time points, whereas the ratio of liver/body weight was significantly increased by clofibrate and PFDA at 8 weeks. These data imply that the magnitude of the production of hydrogen peroxide-generated FAO is related to the induction of oxidative DNA damage by peroxisome proliferators, and their tumor-promoting or carcinogenic activities. However, the effect of hydrogen peroxide in hepatic injury is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Korea
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Kong Y, Cho SY, Kang WS. Sparganum infections in normal adult population and epileptic patients in Korea: a seroepidemiologic observation. Korean J Parasitol 1994; 32:85-92. [PMID: 8025037 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1994.32.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A seroepidemiologic observation of anti-Spirometra erinacei plerocercoid (sparganum) antibody (IgG) in serum was made in normal adult and epileptic patients in Korea from February, 1987 to September, 1990. Sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-sparganum antibody together with anti-Taenia solium metacestode, and anti-Paragonimus westermani antibodies. Sera reacted positively to sparganum antigen only were considered. Positive rate for anti-sparganum antibody in 850 normal adults was 1.9% (standardized rate by provincial population was 1.7%). In 2,667 randomly selected patients of epilepsy at 28 local centers of the Changmi Club, positive rate was 2.5% (standardized rate: 2.3%). In both normal adult and patient groups, the higher antibody rates were observed in Kangwon and Chonnam Provinces. Positive rates were 10 times higher in male than in female in normal adults and 4.5 times in male epileptic patients. The rates were elevated especially with age over 30-year. Odd ratio of the antibody was 1.32 which indicated an ambiguous etiologic factor for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Prevalence survey of neurocysticercosis was made in a mixed epilepsy patients of Changmi Club in Korea. From February 1987 to July 1990, a total of 2,667 randomly selected patients at 27 local centers was tested for their serum levels of anti-Cysticercus antibody (IgG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positive rate of the antibody was 4.0% in the examined patients. The standardized antibody positive rate by provincial population was 3.1%. The rate was the highest in patients living in Cheju Do (8.4%). The patient age brackets of 0 approximately 9 years and over 50-year showed higher positive rates of the antibody. In 750 normal persons who checked up routine physical examination, the antibody positive rate was 2.1% (standardized rate was 1.8%). These seroepidemiological data disclosed for the first time the prevalence of cysticercosis in epileptic patients and in population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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