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Hurtado J, Rogers TF, Jaffe DB, Adams BA, Bangaru S, Garcia E, Capozzola T, Messmer T, Sharma P, Song G, Beutler N, He W, Dueker K, Musharrafieh R, Stubbington MJ, Burton DR, Andrabi R, Ward AB, McDonnell WJ, Briney B. Deep repertoire mining uncovers ultra-broad coronavirus neutralizing antibodies targeting multiple spike epitopes. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.28.534602. [PMID: 37034676 PMCID: PMC10081229 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Development of vaccines and therapeutics that are broadly effective against known and emergent coronaviruses is an urgent priority. Current strategies for developing pan-coronavirus countermeasures have largely focused on the receptor binding domain (RBD) and S2 regions of the coronavirus Spike protein; it has been unclear whether the N-terminal domain (NTD) is a viable target for universal vaccines and broadly neutralizing antibodies (Abs). Additionally, many RBD-targeting Abs have proven susceptible to viral escape. We screened the circulating B cell repertoires of COVID-19 survivors and vaccinees using multiplexed panels of uniquely barcoded antigens in a high-throughput single cell workflow to isolate over 9,000 SARS-CoV-2-specific monoclonal Abs (mAbs), providing an expansive view of the SARS-CoV-2-specific Ab repertoire. We observed many instances of clonal coalescence between individuals, suggesting that Ab responses frequently converge independently on similar genetic solutions. Among the recovered antibodies was TXG-0078, a public neutralizing mAb that binds the NTD supersite region of the coronavirus Spike protein and recognizes a diverse collection of alpha- and beta-coronaviruses. TXG-0078 achieves its exceptional binding breadth while utilizing the same VH1-24 variable gene signature and heavy chain-dominant binding pattern seen in other NTD supersite-specific neutralizing Abs with much narrower specificity. We also report the discovery of CC24.2, a pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing mAb that targets a novel RBD epitope and shows similar neutralization potency against all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants, including BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5. A cocktail of TXG-0078 and CC24.2 provides protection against in vivo challenge with SARS-CoV-2, suggesting potential future use in variant-resistant therapeutic Ab cocktails and as templates for pan-coronavirus vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hurtado
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Viral Systems Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas F. Rogers
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David B. Jaffe
- 10x Genomics, Inc. 6230 Stoneridge Mall Road, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Bruce A. Adams
- 10x Genomics, Inc. 6230 Stoneridge Mall Road, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA
| | - Sandhya Bangaru
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elijah Garcia
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tazio Capozzola
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Viral Systems Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Terrence Messmer
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Viral Systems Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pragati Sharma
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Viral Systems Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Viral Systems Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathan Beutler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wanting He
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Viral Systems Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katharina Dueker
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Viral Systems Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rami Musharrafieh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Viral Systems Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Raiees Andrabi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Viral Systems Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Bryan Briney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Viral Systems Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Jaffe DB, Shahi P, Adams BA, Chrisman AM, Finnegan PM, Raman N, Royall AE, Tsai F, Vollbrecht T, Reyes DS, Hepler NL, McDonnell WJ. Functional antibodies exhibit light chain coherence. Nature 2022; 611:352-357. [PMID: 36289331 PMCID: PMC9607724 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate adaptive immune system modifies the genome of individual B cells to encode antibodies that bind particular antigens1. In most mammals, antibodies are composed of heavy and light chains that are generated sequentially by recombination of V, D (for heavy chains), J and C gene segments. Each chain contains three complementarity-determining regions (CDR1-CDR3), which contribute to antigen specificity. Certain heavy and light chains are preferred for particular antigens2-22. Here we consider pairs of B cells that share the same heavy chain V gene and CDRH3 amino acid sequence and were isolated from different donors, also known as public clonotypes23,24. We show that for naive antibodies (those not yet adapted to antigens), the probability that they use the same light chain V gene is around 10%, whereas for memory (functional) antibodies, it is around 80%, even if only one cell per clonotype is used. This property of functional antibodies is a phenomenon that we call light chain coherence. We also observe this phenomenon when similar heavy chains recur within a donor. Thus, although naive antibodies seem to recur by chance, the recurrence of functional antibodies reveals surprising constraint and determinism in the processes of V(D)J recombination and immune selection. For most functional antibodies, the heavy chain determines the light chain.
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Kundu S, Freiberg MS, Tracy RP, So-Armah KA, Koethe JR, Duncan MS, Tindle HA, Beckman JA, Feinstein MJ, McDonnell WJ, Justice A, Doyle MF. Circulating T Cells and Cardiovascular Risk in People With and Without HIV Infection. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:1633-1644. [PMID: 36265959 PMCID: PMC10918771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.08.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower CD4+ cell count in people with HIV infection (PWH) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Whether subsets of CD4+ T helper cells are linked with CVD is unclear. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the association between peripherally circulating CD4+ T cell subsets and incident CVD. METHODS Data from 1,860 participants (1,270 PWH) without prevalent CVD from the VACS (Veterans Aging Cohort Study), a prospective, observational cohort of veterans with and without HIV infection, were analyzed. T cell subsets were quantified in baseline samples using flow cytometry. Incident CVD events were identified using International Classification of Diseases-9th Revision and International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision diagnosis and procedure codes. Participants were followed from baseline date (2005-2006) to the first of CVD incidence, death, or September 30, 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model associations between these T cell subsets and the risk for incident CVD while adjusting for demographics and other CVD risk factors. RESULTS The median participant age at baseline was 51.6 years. Most were male (94%) and of Black race (69.1%). There were 344 incident CVD events (219 in PWH) during follow-up (median 9.8 years). In PWH, higher proportions (per SD increment) of T helper type 17 cells (adjusted HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.08-1.31), T effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA (adjusted HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.07-1.34), and CD28null cells (adjusted HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03-1.34) were significantly associated with an increased risk for incident CVD. Among those without HIV infection, no T cell subsets were significantly associated with CVD. CONCLUSIONS Among PWH, T helper type 17 cells, senescent cells, and CD4+ T effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA were significantly associated with incident CVD that was not explained by CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kundu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew S Freiberg
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Kaku A So-Armah
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John R Koethe
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meredith S Duncan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua A Beckman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew J Feinstein
- Department of Medicine and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Amy Justice
- Veterans Administration Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Yale University School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Margaret F Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
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4
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Currenti J, Law BMP, Qin K, John M, Pilkinton MA, Bansal A, Leary S, Ram R, Chopra A, Gangula R, Yue L, Warren C, Barnett L, Alves E, McDonnell WJ, Sooda A, Heath SL, Mallal S, Goepfert P, Kalams SA, Gaudieri S. Cross-Reactivity to Mutated Viral Immune Targets Can Influence CD8 + T Cell Functionality: An Alternative Viral Adaptation Strategy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:746986. [PMID: 34764960 PMCID: PMC8577586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.746986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of T cell immunogenicity due to mutations in virally encoded epitopes is a well-described adaptation strategy to limit host anti-viral immunity. Another described, but less understood, adaptation strategy involves the selection of mutations within epitopes that retain immune recognition, suggesting a benefit for the virus despite continued immune pressure (termed non-classical adaptation). To understand this adaptation strategy, we utilized a single cell transcriptomic approach to identify features of the HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses targeting non-adapted (NAE) and adapted (AE) forms of epitopes containing a non-classical adaptation. T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and transcriptome were obtained from antigen-specific CD8+ T cells of chronic (n=7) and acute (n=4) HIV-infected subjects identified by either HLA class I tetramers or upregulation of activation markers following peptide stimulation. CD8+ T cells were predominantly dual tetramer+, confirming a large proportion of cross-reactive TCR clonotypes capable of recognizing the NAE and AE form. However, single-reactive CD8+ T cells were identified in acute HIV-infected subjects only, providing the potential for the selection of T cell clones over time. The transcriptomic profile of CD8+ T cells was dependent on the autologous virus: subjects whose virus encoded the NAE form of the epitope (and who transitioned to the AE form at a later timepoint) exhibited an ‘effective’ immune response, as indicated by expression of transcripts associated with polyfunctionality, cytotoxicity and apoptosis (largely driven by the genes GZMB, IFNɣ, CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5). These data suggest that viral adaptation at a single amino acid residue can provide an alternative strategy for viral survival by modulating the transcriptome of CD8+ T cells and potentially selecting for less effective T cell clones from the acute to chronic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Currenti
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Becker M P Law
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mina John
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark A Pilkinton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anju Bansal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shay Leary
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Ramesh Ram
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Rama Gangula
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ling Yue
- Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christian Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Louise Barnett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Eric Alves
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anuradha Sooda
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Sonya L Heath
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Simon Mallal
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Paul Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Spyros A Kalams
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Silvana Gaudieri
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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5
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Royall AE, Sukovich DJ, Adams BA, Chi JC, Reyes D, Puleo AR, Krishnan S, Jaffe DB, McDonnell WJ, Cheung D, Marrs S, Chen T, Srinavas N, Carli N, Montesclaros L, Lau J, Taylor SEB. Technological advancements in multiomic single cell immune profiling and analysis. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.27.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Continued advances in single cell gene detection sensitivity and the ability to analyze data quickly with biological context are critical for discoveries in therapeutic research. The second version of the Chromium Single Cell Immune Profiling Solution by 10x Genomics enables highly sensitive detection of gene expression, full-length paired T-cell alpha- and beta-chain and immunoglobulin sequences, T-cell antigen specificity, and cell surface protein expression from the same single cells, allowing a comprehensive view of the immune response at the cellular level. The new workflow provides a 45% increase in the number of genes detected per cell and up to a 25% increase in the cells detected with paired full-length V(D)J receptor sequences in melanoma tumor derived cells. Using a new version of Cell Ranger (v5.0), clonotypes were grouped from >30,000 cells, increasing the power to detect small clonotype expansions with fewer total cells. In addition, the new software enabled comparison of pre- and post-influenza vaccination B-cell receptor sequences from a single donor, identifying post-vaccination specific clonotypes. These technological and informatics advancements enhance a researcher’s ability to perform a broad characterization of immune cell populations at unprecedented throughput and resolution.
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Wanjalla CN, McDonnell WJ, Ram R, Chopra A, Gangula R, Leary S, Mashayekhi M, Simmons JD, Warren CM, Bailin S, Gabriel CL, Guo L, Furch BD, Lima MC, Woodward BO, Hannah L, Pilkinton MA, Fuller DT, Kawai K, Virmani R, Finn AV, Hasty AH, Mallal SA, Kalams SA, Koethe JR. Single-cell analysis shows that adipose tissue of persons with both HIV and diabetes is enriched for clonal, cytotoxic, and CMV-specific CD4+ T cells. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100205. [PMID: 33665640 PMCID: PMC7897802 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Persons with HIV are at increased risk for diabetes mellitus compared with individuals without HIV. Adipose tissue is an important regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, and adipose tissue T cells modulate local inflammatory responses and, by extension, adipocyte function. Persons with HIV and diabetes have a high proportion of CX3CR1+ GPR56+ CD57+ (C-G-C+) CD4+ T cells in adipose tissue, a subset of which are cytomegalovirus specific, whereas individuals with diabetes but without HIV have predominantly CD69+ CD4+ T cells. Adipose tissue CD69+ and C-G-C+ CD4+ T cell subsets demonstrate higher receptor clonality compared with the same cells in blood, potentially reflecting antigen-driven expansion, but C-G-C+ CD4+ T cells have a more inflammatory and cytotoxic RNA transcriptome. Future studies will explore whether viral antigens have a role in recruitment and proliferation of pro-inflammatory C-G-C+ CD4+ T cells in adipose tissue of persons with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestine N Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Ramesh Ram
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rama Gangula
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shay Leary
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua D Simmons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christian M Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel Bailin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Curtis L Gabriel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Briana D Furch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Morgan C Lima
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Beverly O Woodward
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - LaToya Hannah
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark A Pilkinton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,VANTAGE, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Spyros A Kalams
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John R Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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7
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Meyer AR, Engevik AC, Madorsky T, Belmont E, Stier MT, Norlander AE, Pilkinton MA, McDonnell WJ, Weis JA, Jang B, Mallal SA, Peebles RS, Goldenring JR. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Coordinate Damage Response in the Stomach. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:2077-2091.e8. [PMID: 32891625 PMCID: PMC7726005 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Severe injury to the lining of the stomach leads to changes in the epithelium (reprogramming) that protect and promote repair of the tissue, including development of spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) and tuft and foveolar cell hyperplasia. Acute gastric damage elicits a type-2 inflammatory response that includes production of type-2 cytokines and infiltration by eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages. Stomachs of mice that lack interleukin 33 (IL33) or interleukin 13 (IL13) did not undergo epithelial reprogramming after drug-induced injury. We investigated the role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in gastric epithelial repair. METHODS Acute gastric injury was induced in C57BL/6J mice (wild-type and RAG1 knockout) by administration of L635. We isolated ILC2s by flow cytometry from stomachs of mice that were and were not given L635 and performed single-cell RNA sequencing. ILC2s were depleted from wild-type and RAG1-knockout mice by administration of anti-CD90.2. We assessed gastric cell lineages, markers of metaplasia, inflammation, and proliferation. Gastric tissue microarrays from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were analyzed by immunostaining. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the number of GATA3-positive ILC2s in stomach tissues from wild-type mice after L635-induced damage, but not in stomach tissues from IL33-knockout mice. We characterized a marker signature of gastric mucosal ILC2s and identified a transcription profile of metaplasia-associated ILC2s, which included changes in expression of Il5, Il13, Csf2, Pd1, and Ramp3; these changes were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. Depletion of ILC2s from mice blocked development of metaplasia after L635-induced injury in wild-type and RAG1-knockout mice and prevented foveolar and tuft cell hyperplasia and infiltration or activation of macrophages after injury. Numbers of ILC2s were increased in stomach tissues from patients with SPEM compared with patients with normal corpus mucosa. CONCLUSIONS In analyses of stomach tissues from mice with gastric tissue damage and patients with SPEM, we found evidence of type 2 inflammation and increased numbers of ILC2s. Our results suggest that ILC2s coordinate the metaplastic response to severe gastric injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Meyer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Epithelial Biology Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Section of Surgical Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Matthew T Stier
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Allison E Norlander
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark A Pilkinton
- Division of Infectious Disease, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jared A Weis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Bogun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Infectious Disease, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Section of Surgical Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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8
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Axelrod ML, Nixon MJ, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Bergman RE, Pilkinton MA, McDonnell WJ, Sanchez V, Opalenik SR, Loi S, Zhou J, Mackay S, Rexer BN, Abramson VG, Jansen VM, Mallal S, Donaldson J, Tolaney SM, Krop IE, Garrido-Castro AC, Marotti JD, Shee K, Miller TW, Sanders ME, Mayer IA, Salgado R, Balko JM. Changes in Peripheral and Local Tumor Immunity after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Reshape Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5668-5681. [PMID: 32826327 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The recent approval of anti-programmed death-ligand 1 immunotherapy in combination with nab-paclitaxel for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) highlights the need to understand the role of chemotherapy in modulating the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined immune-related gene expression patterns before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in a series of 83 breast tumors, including 44 TNBCs, from patients with residual disease (RD). Changes in gene expression patterns in the TIME were tested for association with recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In addition, we sought to characterize the systemic effects of NAC through single-cell analysis (RNAseq and cytokine secretion) of programmed death-1-high (PD-1HI) CD8+ peripheral T cells and examination of a cytolytic gene signature in whole blood. RESULTS In non-TNBC, no change in expression of any single gene was associated with RFS or OS, while in TNBC upregulation of multiple immune-related genes and gene sets were associated with improved long-term outcome. High cytotoxic T-cell signatures present in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer at surgery were associated with persistent disease and recurrence, suggesting active antitumor immunity that may indicate ongoing disease burden. CONCLUSIONS We have characterized the effects of NAC on the TIME, finding that TNBC is uniquely sensitive to the immunologic effects of NAC, and local increases in immune genes/sets are associated with improved outcomes. However, expression of cytotoxic genes in the peripheral blood, as opposed to the TIME, may be a minimally invasive biomarker of persistent micrometastatic disease ultimately leading to recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Axelrod
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mellissa J Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Riley E Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark A Pilkinton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Department of Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Violeta Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Susan R Opalenik
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sherene Loi
- Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jing Zhou
- IsoPlexis Corporation, Branford, Connecticut
| | - Sean Mackay
- IsoPlexis Corporation, Branford, Connecticut
| | - Brent N Rexer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vandana G Abramson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Valerie M Jansen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Simon Mallal
- Department of Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joshua Donaldson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sara M Tolaney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ian E Krop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ana C Garrido-Castro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan D Marotti
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Kevin Shee
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Todd W Miller
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.,Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ingrid A Mayer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA Hospitals, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Justin M Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. .,Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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9
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Habermann AC, Gutierrez AJ, Bui LT, Yahn SL, Winters NI, Calvi CL, Peter L, Chung MI, Taylor CJ, Jetter C, Raju L, Roberson J, Ding G, Wood L, Sucre JMS, Richmond BW, Serezani AP, McDonnell WJ, Mallal SB, Bacchetta MJ, Loyd JE, Shaver CM, Ware LB, Bremner R, Walia R, Blackwell TS, Banovich NE, Kropski JA. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals profibrotic roles of distinct epithelial and mesenchymal lineages in pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaba1972. [PMID: 32832598 PMCID: PMC7439444 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a form of chronic lung disease characterized by pathologic epithelial remodeling and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). To comprehensively define the cell types, mechanisms, and mediators driving fibrotic remodeling in lungs with PF, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of single-cell suspensions from 10 nonfibrotic control and 20 PF lungs. Analysis of 114,396 cells identified 31 distinct cell subsets/states. We report that a remarkable shift in epithelial cell phenotypes occurs in the peripheral lung in PF and identify several previously unrecognized epithelial cell phenotypes, including a KRT5- /KRT17 + pathologic, ECM-producing epithelial cell population that was highly enriched in PF lungs. Multiple fibroblast subtypes were observed to contribute to ECM expansion in a spatially discrete manner. Together, these data provide high-resolution insights into the complexity and plasticity of the distal lung epithelium in human disease and indicate a diversity of epithelial and mesenchymal cells contribute to pathologic lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun C. Habermann
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Linh T. Bui
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Nichelle I. Winters
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carla L. Calvi
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lance Peter
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mei-I Chung
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Chase J. Taylor
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher Jetter
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Latha Raju
- Vanderbilt Center for Advanced Genomics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamie Roberson
- Vanderbilt Center for Advanced Genomics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Guixiao Ding
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lori Wood
- Department of Thoracic Disease and Transplantation, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer M. S. Sucre
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley W. Richmond
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ana P. Serezani
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wyatt J. McDonnell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Simon B. Mallal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Discovery Way, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Bacchetta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James E. Loyd
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ciara M. Shaver
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lorraine B. Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ross Bremner
- Department of Thoracic Disease and Transplantation, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rajat Walia
- Department of Thoracic Disease and Transplantation, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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10
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Bailin SS, McGinnis KA, McDonnell WJ, So-Armah K, Wellons M, Tracy RP, Doyle MF, Mallal S, Justice AC, Freiberg MS, Landay AL, Wanjalla C, Koethe JR. T Lymphocyte Subsets Associated With Prevalent Diabetes in Veterans With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:252-262. [PMID: 32052044 PMCID: PMC7323499 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A higher proportion of circulating memory CD4+ T cells is associated with prevalent diabetes mellitus in the general population. Given the broad changes in adaptive immunity, including memory T-cell expansion, and rising prevalence of diabetes in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population, we assessed whether similar relationships were present in persons with HIV (PWH). METHODS Multiple CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry, and prevalent diabetes cases were adjudicated by 2 physicians for PWH and HIV-negative participants in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the association of T-cell subsets and diabetes stratified by HIV status, adjusted for cytomegalovirus serostatus and traditional risk factors. RESULTS Among 2385 participants (65% PWH, 95% male, 68% African American), higher CD45RO+ memory CD4+ T cells and lower CD38+ CD4+ T cells were associated with prevalent diabetes, and had a similar effect size, in both the PWH and HIV-negative (P ≤ .05 for all). Lower CD38+CD8+ T cells were also associated with diabetes in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets associated with diabetes are similar in PWH and HIV-negative individuals, suggesting that diabetes in PWH may be related to chronic immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Bailin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathleen A McGinnis
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kaku So-Armah
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa Wellons
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Margaret F Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Simon Mallal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amy C Justice
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Matthew S Freiberg
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Celestine Wanjalla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John R Koethe
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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11
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Cheung D, Adams BA, McDonnell WJ, Jaffe DB, Puleo AR, Sukovich DJ, Reyes DJ, Royall AJ, Chi JC, Srinavas NJ, Krishnan SJ, Carli NJ, Montesclaros LJ, Lau JJ, Stubbington MJ, Taylor SE. Profiling the immune infiltrate in tumor samples at single cell resolution. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.243.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Profiling the complex interactions of immune infiltrate with tumor cells in a tumor microenvironment is critical for advancing our understanding of tumor biology for developing personalized cancer therapies. Using a droplet-based single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) platform, we profiled the transcriptome and immune repertoire of gastric, kidney, and lung cancer cells that are primarily immune cells from three different donors. scRNA-seq analysis also identified similar fractions of CD45+ immune cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and myeloid cells compared to flow. Targeted scRNA-seq was also used to identify paired, full length B-cell (BCR) and T-cell (TCR) receptors. In the gastric adenocarcinoma tumor cells, gene expression analysis identified a large population of B cells, but with no clonal expansion. T cells expressing CD8A constituted about 10% of cells with the top clonotype being 1% of all clones. The clear cell RCC sample had a modest fraction of infiltrating T cells with the top clonotype representing 7.4% of all clones, and no B cell infiltrate. The NSCLC cells were mainly T and B cells but limited clonal expansion was observed; the top TCR clonotype was present on 2.2% of all T cells, no expansion was seen in any of the B cell clonotypes. These findings highlight the value of profiling of tumor immune cells holistically and not relying on the presence of B or T cells alone to understand the immune dynamics of the tumor microenvironment. The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with favorable clinical outcomes in some cancers, but understanding their cellular subtype and clonality by high resolution profiling is key in the development of immune-based cancer treatments
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12
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Balko JM, Nixon M, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Pilkinton MA, McDonnell WJ, Sanchez V, Opalenik SR, Loi S, Rexer B, Abramson V, Jansen V, Mallal S, Marotti JD, Shee K, Miller TW, Sanders ME, Mayer IA, Salgado R. Abstract P3-08-15: Immunologic correlates of long-term outcome in the residual disease of triple-negative breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs19-p3-08-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The recent approval of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in combination with nAB-paclitaxel for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) highlights the need to understand the role of chemotherapy in modulating the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME). Patients with TNBC are routinely treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in the pre-treatment diagnostic biopsy are predictive of pathologic complete response (pCR). In patients with residual disease (RD) at surgery, sTILs confer good prognosis. However, the effect of chemotherapy on sTILs and how it influences the TIME are poorly understood. We examined immune-gene expression patterns before and after NAC in a series of 83 breast tumors, including 44 TNBCs, from patients with RD. sTILs were enumerated by standardized guidelines. Gene expression patterns were tested for association with recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS). T cell receptor sequencing (TCRseq) was performed on a subset (n=15) of tumors. In 4 patients undergoing NAC, PD-1-high and -negative CD8+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were profiled using single-cell RNAseq and multiplexed cytokine secretion assays. Post-NAC sTILs (≥30%) were only predictive of outcome (RFS p=0.019; OS p=0.05) in TNBC patients, but not in non-TNBC patients (RFS p=0.28; OS p=0.78) confirming that the prognostic capacity of sTILs is confined to TNBC. Pre-NAC sTILs were not predictive of outcome in either group, likely due to exclusion of patients experiencing pCR. The change in sTILs during NAC did not prognosticate outcome in TNBC, suggesting that in the post-NAC setting, only the most proximal measurement of sTILs is meaningful. However, these results did suggest that NAC alters the TIME. To examine the interplay among NAC, the TIME, and clinical outcomes, we tested the change in expression of 770 immune-related genes during NAC in univariate cox-proportional hazards models. In non-TNBC, no change in expression of any single gene was associated with RFS or OS at a false-discovery rate (FDR) of 10%. In TNBC, individual changes in 12 genes and 204 genes were identified as associated with RFS and OS, respectively (FDR<10%). Interestingly, in nearly all cases, upregulation of these genes during NAC was associated with improved outcome, with only 1 and 15 genes being associated with poor RFS and OS, respectively. Collapsing genes to functional and cell-type specific signatures gave similar insights: T cell, NK cell, TNF-superfamily, and toll-like receptor signatures were highly prognostic. Surprisingly, NAC did not alter T cell clonality in TNBC. Thus, the immunologic impact of chemotherapy appears to be specific to TNBC and is primarily a beneficial effect but does not appear to appreciably expand the clonality of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Using fresh PD-1HI CD8+ T cells isolated from PBMCs of patients undergoing NAC, we detected a significant increase in cytolytic and inflammatory cytokines secreted in 2 TNBC patients after chemotherapy, but not in 2 non-TNBC patients, which was particularly dramatic in one TNBC patient who experienced a pCR. A further characterization of PD-1HI CD8+ cells by single-cell RNAseq identified a sizeable expansion of cytolytic gene (granulysin, Ksp37, granzyme) expressing cells in the TNBC patient with pCR compared to the TNBC patient with RD. In conclusion, we have characterized the effects of NAC on the TIME. TNBC appears to be uniquely sensitive to the immunologic effects of NAC, and most of these effects are primarily stimulatory, rather than repressive. Finally, these changes can be observed in the PD-1HI CD8+ peripheral T cell compartment and appeared to co-occur with pCR.
Citation Format: Justin M Balko, Mellissa Nixon, Paula I Gonzalez-Ericsson, Mark A Pilkinton, Wyatt J McDonnell, Violeta Sanchez, Susan R Opalenik, Sherene Loi, Brent Rexer, Vandana Abramson, Valerie Jansen, Simon Mallal, Jonathan D Marotti, Kevin Shee, Todd W Miller, Melinda E Sanders, Ingrid A Mayer, Roberto Salgado. Immunologic correlates of long-term outcome in the residual disease of triple-negative breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-08-15.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sherene Loi
- 2Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brent Rexer
- 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Simon Mallal
- 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Kevin Shee
- 4Dartmouth College Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Hanover, NH
| | - Todd W Miller
- 4Dartmouth College Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Hanover, NH
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13
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Currenti J, Chopra A, John M, Leary S, McKinnon E, Alves E, Pilkinton M, Smith R, Barnett L, McDonnell WJ, Lucas M, Noel F, Mallal S, Conrad JA, Kalams SA, Gaudieri S. Deep sequence analysis of HIV adaptation following vertical transmission reveals the impact of immune pressure on the evolution of HIV. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008177. [PMID: 31821379 PMCID: PMC6924686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can adapt to an individual’s T cell immune response via genomic mutations that affect antigen recognition and impact disease outcome. These viral adaptations are specific to the host’s human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, as these molecules determine which peptides are presented to T cells. As HLA molecules are highly polymorphic at the population level, horizontal transmission events are most commonly between HLA-mismatched donor/recipient pairs, representing new immune selection environments for the transmitted virus. In this study, we utilised a deep sequencing approach to determine the HIV quasispecies in 26 mother-to-child transmission pairs where the potential for founder viruses to be pre-adapted is high due to the pairs being haplo-identical at HLA loci. This scenario allowed the assessment of specific HIV adaptations following transmission in either a non-selective immune environment, due to recipient HLA mismatched to original selecting HLA, or a selective immune environment, mediated by matched donor/recipient HLA. We show that the pattern of reversion or fixation of HIV adaptations following transmission provides insight into the replicative cost, and likely compensatory networks, associated with specific adaptations in vivo. Furthermore, although transmitted viruses were commonly heavily pre-adapted to the child’s HLA genotype, we found evidence of de novo post-transmission adaptation, representing new epitopes targeted by the child’s T cell response. High-resolution analysis of HIV adaptation is relevant when considering vaccine and cure strategies for individuals exposed to adapted viruses via transmission or reactivated from reservoirs. Highly mutable pathogens utilise genetic variations within T cell epitopes as a mechanism of immune escape (viral adaptation). The diversity of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) molecules that present viral targets to T cells in human populations partially protects against rapid population-level accumulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adaptations through horizontal transmissions. In contrast, vertical transmissions occur between haplo-identical mother/child pairs, and potentially include adaptive changes through father-mother-child transmission, representing a pathway to complete pre-adaptation to HLA alleles in child hosts over only two transmission events. We utilised next-generation sequencing to examine HIV evolution in the unique setting of vertical HIV transmission. We predict the in vivo replicative cost and immune benefit of specific HIV adaptations that could be used to inform vaccine design and cure strategies to combat viral immune adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Currenti
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mina John
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shay Leary
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth McKinnon
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eric Alves
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Pilkinton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rita Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Louise Barnett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Wyatt J. McDonnell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michaela Lucas
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Simon Mallal
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Conrad
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Spyros A. Kalams
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Silvana Gaudieri
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Setliff I, Shiakolas AR, Pilewski KA, Murji AA, Mapengo RE, Janowska K, Richardson S, Oosthuysen C, Raju N, Ronsard L, Kanekiyo M, Qin JS, Kramer KJ, Greenplate AR, McDonnell WJ, Graham BS, Connors M, Lingwood D, Acharya P, Morris L, Georgiev IS. High-Throughput Mapping of B Cell Receptor Sequences to Antigen Specificity. Cell 2019; 179:1636-1646.e15. [PMID: 31787378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing is a powerful tool for interrogating immune responses to infection and vaccination, but it provides limited information about the antigen specificity of the sequenced BCRs. Here, we present LIBRA-seq (linking B cell receptor to antigen specificity through sequencing), a technology for high-throughput mapping of paired heavy- and light-chain BCR sequences to their cognate antigen specificities. B cells are mixed with a panel of DNA-barcoded antigens so that both the antigen barcode(s) and BCR sequence are recovered via single-cell next-generation sequencing. Using LIBRA-seq, we mapped the antigen specificity of thousands of B cells from two HIV-infected subjects. The predicted specificities were confirmed for a number of HIV- and influenza-specific antibodies, including known and novel broadly neutralizing antibodies. LIBRA-seq will be an integral tool for antibody discovery and vaccine development efforts against a wide range of antigen targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Setliff
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrea R Shiakolas
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kelsey A Pilewski
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Amyn A Murji
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rutendo E Mapengo
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
| | - Katarzyna Janowska
- Division of Structural Biology, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Simone Richardson
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Charissa Oosthuysen
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Nagarajan Raju
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Larance Ronsard
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juliana S Qin
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin J Kramer
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Translational and Clinical Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Connors
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Division of Structural Biology, Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Ivelin S Georgiev
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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15
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Bailin S, McGinnis K, McDonnell WJ, So-Armah K, Wellons M, Doyle M, Mallal S, Justice A, Freiberg M, Koethe J. 343. T-cell Subsets Associated with Diabetes in Veterans with and without HIV. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019. [PMCID: PMC6810455 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Depletion of naïve CD4+ T cells and elevated adaptive immune activation are hallmarks of HIV infection. Higher proportions of memory CD4+ T cells are associated with prevalent diabetes in the general population, but few studies of persons with HIV (PWH) exist.
Methods
We analyzed data from 1532 PWH and 836 uninfected veterans in the longitudinal Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS), which archived peripheral mononuclear cells from these veterans between 2005 and 2007. We used flow cytometry to phenotype CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, including naïve, activated CD38+, senescent CD57+, total memory, and memory subsets. Prevalent diabetes (at blood collection) was identified in the VA electronic medical record using random glucose, hemoglobin A1c, ICD-9 codes, and medication. Cases were validated by two-physician chart review. We used multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, race/ethnicity, unhealthy alcohol use, hepatitis C, CMV status, and viral suppression stratified by HIV status to identify T-cell subsets associated with diabetes in PWH and uninfected.
Results
The cohort was 95% male, 68% African-American, and 22% diabetic. Higher CD4+CD45RO+ memory T cells were associated with prevalent diabetes in the uninfected and in PWH (P = 0.03 and P = 0.07, respectively; Figure A). Among subsets, diabetes was associated with higher transitional memory CD4+ T cells in the uninfected (P = 0.01), but higher central memory cells (P = 0.02) and lower effector memory cells (P = 0.04) in PWH. T effector memory RA+ cells were not associated with diabetes. Lower senescent CD4+CD57+ T cells were associated with diabetes in both PWH and uninfected (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively; Figure B), but results for naïve CD8+ T cells diverged: diabetes was associated with higher naïve CD8+cells in PWH but lower in uninfected (P = 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively; Figure C). We assessed interaction by HIV status in a pooled model, which was only significant for the naïve CD8+ T cells (P = 0.01).
Conclusion
The adaptive immune profile associated with prevalent diabetes was similar by HIV status and characterized by a shift in CD4+ T cells from senescent to memory phenotypes, suggesting that chronic immune activation contributes to the higher risk of diabetes in PWH.
Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bailin
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Kaku So-Armah
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Simon Mallal
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amy Justice
- Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - John Koethe
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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16
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Johnson DB, McDonnell WJ, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Al-Rohil RN, Mobley BC, Salem JE, Wang DY, Sanchez V, Wang Y, Chastain CA, Barker K, Liang Y, Warren S, Beechem JM, Menzies AM, Tio M, Long GV, Cohen JV, Guidon AC, O'Hare M, Chandra S, Chowdhary A, Lebrun-Vignes B, Goldinger SM, Rushing EJ, Buchbinder EI, Mallal SA, Shi C, Xu Y, Moslehi JJ, Sanders ME, Sosman JA, Balko JM. A case report of clonal EBV-like memory CD4 + T cell activation in fatal checkpoint inhibitor-induced encephalitis. Nat Med 2019; 25:1243-1250. [PMID: 31332390 PMCID: PMC6689251 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors produce durable responses in numerous metastatic cancers, but immune-related adverse events (irAEs) complicate and limit their benefit. IrAEs can affect organ systems idiosyncratically; presentations range from mild and self-limited to fulminant and fatal. The molecular mechanisms underlying irAEs are poorly understood. Here, we report a fatal case of encephalitis arising during anti-programmed cell death receptor 1 therapy in a patient with metastatic melanoma. Histologic analyses revealed robust T cell infiltration and prominent programmed death ligand 1 expression. We identified 209 reported cases in global pharmacovigilance databases (across multiple cancer types) of encephalitis associated with checkpoint inhibitor regimens, with a 19% fatality rate. We performed further analyses from the index case and two additional cases to shed light on this recurrent and fulminant irAE. Spatial and multi-omic analyses pinpointed activated memory CD4+ T cells as highly enriched in the inflamed, affected region. We identified a highly oligoclonal T cell receptor repertoire, which we localized to activated memory cytotoxic (CD45RO+GZMB+Ki67+) CD4 cells. We also identified Epstein-Barr virus-specific T cell receptors and EBV+ lymphocytes in the affected region, which we speculate contributed to neural inflammation in the index case. Collectively, the three cases studied here identify CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as culprits of checkpoint inhibitor-associated immune encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Rami N Al-Rohil
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology and Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bret C Mobley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM CIC Paris-Est, AP-HP, ICAN, Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Violeta Sanchez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cody A Chastain
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Yan Liang
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Mater Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Tio
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Mater Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Sunandana Chandra
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Akansha Chowdhary
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Bénédicte Lebrun-Vignes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM CIC Paris-Est, AP-HP, ICAN, Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Simon A Mallal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Perth, Australia
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yaomin Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Javid J Moslehi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Justin M Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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17
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Newman JH, Shaver A, Sheehan JH, Mallal S, Stone JH, Pillai S, Bastarache L, Riebau D, Allard‐Chamard H, Stone WM, Perugino C, Pilkinton M, Smith SA, McDonnell WJ, Capra JA, Meiler J, Cogan J, Xing K, Mahajan VS, Mattoo H, Hamid R, Phillips JA. IgG4-related disease: Association with a rare gene variant expressed in cytotoxic T cells. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e686. [PMID: 30993913 PMCID: PMC6565556 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family screening of a 48-year-old male with recently diagnosed IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) revealed unanticipated elevations in plasma IgG4 in his two healthy teenaged sons. METHODS We performed gene sequencing, immune cell studies, HLA typing, and analyses of circulating cytotoxic CD4+ T lymphocytes and plasmablasts to seek clues to pathogenesis. DNA from a separate cohort of 99 patients with known IgG4-RD was also sequenced for the presence of genetic variants in a specific gene, FGFBP2. RESULTS The three share a previously unreported heterozygous single base deletion in fibroblast growth factor binding protein type 2 (FGFBP2), which causes a frameshift in the coding sequence. The FGFBP2 protein is secreted by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and binds fibroblast growth factor. The variant sequence in the FGFBP2 protein is predicted to form a disordered random coil rather than a helical-turn-helix structure, unable to adopt a stable conformation. The proband and the two sons had 5-10-fold higher numbers of circulating cytotoxic CD4 + T cells and plasmablasts compared to matched controls. The three members also share a homozygous missense common variant in FGFBP2 found in heterozygous form in ~40% of the population. This common variant was found in 73% of an independent, well characterized IgG4-RD cohort, showing enrichment in idiopathic IgG4-RD. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a shared deleterious variant and homozygous common variant in FGFBP2 in the proband and sons strongly implicates this cytotoxic T cell product in the pathophysiology of IgG4-RD. The high prevalence of a common FGFBP2 variant in sporadic IgG4-RD supports the likelihood of participation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Newman
- Vanderbilt Center for Undiagnosed DiseaseVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Aaron Shaver
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and of ImmunologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Jonathan H. Sheehan
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Simon Mallal
- Department of MedicineCenter for Translational Immunology and Infectious DiseasesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - John H. Stone
- Department of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGHMIT and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Lisa Bastarache
- BioVUVanderbilt University Medical CenterVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Derek Riebau
- Department of NeurologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | | | - William M. Stone
- Ragon Institute of MGHMIT and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Cory Perugino
- Ragon Institute of MGHMIT and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Mark Pilkinton
- Department of MedicineCenter for Translational Immunology and Infectious DiseasesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Scott A. Smith
- Department of MedicineCenter for Translational Immunology and Infectious DiseasesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Wyatt J. McDonnell
- Department of MedicineCenter for Translational Immunology and Infectious DiseasesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - John A. Capra
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Joy Cogan
- Vanderbilt Center for Undiagnosed DiseaseVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Medical GeneticsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Kelly Xing
- Ragon Institute of MGHMIT and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Vinay S. Mahajan
- Ragon Institute of MGHMIT and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Hamid Mattoo
- Ragon Institute of MGHMIT and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
| | - Rizwan Hamid
- Vanderbilt Center for Undiagnosed DiseaseVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Medical GeneticsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - John A. Phillips
- Vanderbilt Center for Undiagnosed DiseaseVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Medical GeneticsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
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18
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Wanjalla CN, McDonnell WJ, Barnett L, Simmons JD, Furch BD, Lima MC, Woodward BO, Fan R, Fei Y, Baker PG, Ram R, Pilkinton MA, Mashayekhi M, Brown NJ, Mallal SA, Kalams SA, Koethe JR. Adipose Tissue in Persons With HIV Is Enriched for CD4 + T Effector Memory and T Effector Memory RA + Cells, Which Show Higher CD69 Expression and CD57, CX3CR1, GPR56 Co-expression With Increasing Glucose Intolerance. Front Immunol 2019; 10:408. [PMID: 30941121 PMCID: PMC6433850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic T cell activation and accelerated immune senescence are hallmarks of HIV infection, which may contribute to the increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases in people living with HIV (PLWH). T lymphocytes play a central role in modulating adipose tissue inflammation and, by extension, adipocyte energy storage and release. Here, we assessed the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell profiles in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and blood of non-diabetic (n = 9; fasting blood glucose [FBG] < 100 mg/dL), pre-diabetic (n = 8; FBG = 100-125 mg/dL) and diabetic (n = 9; FBG ≥ 126 mg/dL) PLWH, in addition to non- and pre-diabetic, HIV-negative controls (n = 8). SAT was collected by liposuction and T cells were extracted by collagenase digestion. The proportion of naïve (TNai) CD45RO-CCR7+, effector memory (TEM) CD45RO+CCR7-, central memory (TCM) CD45RO+CCR7+, and effector memory revertant RA+(TEMRA) CD45RO-CCR7- CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry. CD4+ and CD8+ TEM and TEMRA were significantly enriched in SAT of PLWH compared to blood. The proportions of SAT CD4+ and CD8+ memory subsets were similar across metabolic status categories in the PLWH, but CD4+ T cell expression of the CD69 early-activation and tissue residence marker, particularly on TEM cells, increased with progressive glucose intolerance. Use of t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) identified a separate group of predominantly CD69lo TEM and TEMRA cells co-expressing CD57, CX3CR1, and GPR56, which were significantly greater in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Expression of the CX3CR1 and GPR56 markers indicate these TEM and TEMRA cells may have anti-viral specificity. Compared to HIV-negative controls, SAT from PLWH had an increased CD8:CD4 ratio, but the distribution of CD4+ and CD8+ memory subsets was similar irrespective of HIV status. Finally, whole adipose tissue from PLWH had significantly higher expression of TLR2, TLR8, and multiple chemokines potentially relevant to immune cell homing compared to HIV-negative controls with similar glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Wyatt J. McDonnell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Louise Barnett
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Joshua D. Simmons
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Briana D. Furch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Morgan C. Lima
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Beverly O. Woodward
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Run Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ye Fei
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Paxton G. Baker
- VANTAGE, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ramesh Ram
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark A. Pilkinton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nancy J. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Simon A. Mallal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- VANTAGE, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Spyros A. Kalams
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John R. Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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19
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Abstract
Adipose tissue comprises one of the largest organs in the body and performs diverse functions including energy storage and release, regulation of appetite and other neuroendocrine signaling, and modulation of immuity, among others. Adipocytes reside in a complex compartment where antigen, antigen presenting cells, innate immune cells, and adaptive immune cells interact locally and exert systemic effects on inflammation, circulating immune cell profiles, and metabolic homeostasis. T lymphocytes are a major component of the adipose tissue milieu which are altered in disease states such as obesity and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. While obesity, HIV infection, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV; a non-human primate virus similar to HIV) infection are accompanied by enrichment of CD8+ T cells in the adipose tissue, major phenotypic differences in CD4+ T cells and other immune cell populations distinguish HIV/SIV infection from obesity. Furthermore, DNA and RNA species of HIV and SIV can be detected in the stromal vascular fraction of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and replication-competent HIV resides in local CD4+ T cells. Here, we review studies of adipose tissue CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations in HIV and SIV, and contrast the findings with those reported in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestine N Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John R Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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20
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McDonnell WJ, Koethe JR, Mallal SA, Pilkinton MA, Kirabo A, Ameka MK, Cottam MA, Hasty AH, Kennedy AJ. High CD8 T-Cell Receptor Clonality and Altered CDR3 Properties Are Associated With Elevated Isolevuglandins in Adipose Tissue During Diet-Induced Obesity. Diabetes 2018; 67:2361-2376. [PMID: 30181158 PMCID: PMC6198339 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells contribute to obesity-associated insulin resistance. Prior studies identified conserved T-cell receptor (TCR) chain families in obese AT, but the presence and clonal expansion of specific TCR sequences in obesity has not been assessed. We characterized AT and liver CD8+ and CD4+ TCR repertoires of mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD) using deep sequencing of the TCRβ chain to quantify clonal expansion, gene usage, and CDR3 sequence. In AT CD8+ T cells, HFD reduced TCR diversity, increased the prevalence of public TCR clonotypes, and selected for TCR CDR3 regions enriched in positively charged and less polarized amino acids. Although TCR repertoire alone could distinguish between LFD- and HFD-fed mice, these properties of the CDR3 region of AT CD8+ T cells from HFD-fed mice led us to examine the role of negatively charged and nonpolar isolevuglandin (isoLG) adduct-containing antigen-presenting cells within AT. IsoLG-adducted protein species were significantly higher in AT macrophages of HFD-fed mice; isoLGs were elevated in M2-polarized macrophages, promoting CD8+ T-cell activation. Our findings demonstrate that clonal TCR expansion that favors positively charged CDR3s accompanies HFD-induced obesity, which may be an antigen-driven response to isoLG accumulation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt J McDonnell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - John R Koethe
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark A Pilkinton
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Magdalene K Ameka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew A Cottam
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Arion J Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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21
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Setliff I, McDonnell WJ, Raju N, Bombardi RG, Murji AA, Scheepers C, Ziki R, Mynhardt C, Shepherd BE, Mamchak AA, Garrett N, Karim SA, Mallal SA, Crowe JE, Morris L, Georgiev IS. Multi-Donor Longitudinal Antibody Repertoire Sequencing Reveals the Existence of Public Antibody Clonotypes in HIV-1 Infection. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:845-854.e6. [PMID: 29861170 PMCID: PMC6002606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of single antibody lineages within infected individuals has provided insights into the development of Env-specific antibodies. However, a systems-level understanding of the humoral response against HIV-1 is limited. Here, we interrogated the antibody repertoires of multiple HIV-infected donors from an infection-naive state through acute and chronic infection using next-generation sequencing. This analysis revealed the existence of "public" antibody clonotypes that were shared among multiple HIV-infected individuals. The HIV-1 reactivity for representative antibodies from an identified public clonotype shared by three donors was confirmed. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of publicly available antibody repertoire sequencing datasets revealed antibodies with high sequence identity to known HIV-reactive antibodies, even in repertoires that were reported to be HIV naive. The discovery of public antibody clonotypes in HIV-infected individuals represents an avenue of significant potential for better understanding antibody responses to HIV-1 infection, as well as for clonotype-specific vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Setliff
- Program in Chemical & Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nagarajan Raju
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robin G Bombardi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amyn A Murji
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cathrine Scheepers
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rutendo Ziki
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Charissa Mynhardt
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bryan E Shepherd
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Salim Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lynn Morris
- Center for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ivelin S Georgiev
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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22
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Beckett AC, Loh JT, Chopra A, Leary S, Lin AS, McDonnell WJ, Dixon BREA, Noto JM, Israel DA, Peek RM, Mallal S, Algood HMS, Cover TL. Helicobacter pylori genetic diversification in the Mongolian gerbil model. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4803. [PMID: 29796347 PMCID: PMC5961626 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori requires genetic agility to infect new hosts and establish long-term colonization of changing gastric environments. In this study, we analyzed H. pylori genetic adaptation in the Mongolian gerbil model. This model is of particular interest because H. pylori-infected gerbils develop a high level of gastric inflammation and often develop gastric adenocarcinoma or gastric ulceration. We analyzed the whole genome sequences of H. pylori strains cultured from experimentally infected gerbils, in comparison to the genome sequence of the input strain. The mean annualized single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rate per site was 1.5e−5, which is similar to the rates detected previously in H. pylori-infected humans. Many of the mutations occurred within or upstream of genes associated with iron-related functions (fur, tonB1, fecA2, fecA3, and frpB3) or encoding outer membrane proteins (alpA, oipA, fecA2, fecA3, frpB3 and cagY). Most of the SNPs within coding regions (86%) were non-synonymous mutations. Several deletion or insertion mutations led to disruption of open reading frames, suggesting that the corresponding gene products are not required or are deleterious during chronic H. pylori colonization of the gerbil stomach. Five variants (three SNPs and two deletions) were detected in isolates from multiple animals, which suggests that these mutations conferred a selective advantage. One of the mutations (FurR88H) detected in isolates from multiple animals was previously shown to confer increased resistance to oxidative stress, and we now show that this SNP also confers a survival advantage when H. pylori is co-cultured with neutrophils. Collectively, these analyses allow the identification of mutations that are positively selected during H. pylori colonization of the gerbil model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber C Beckett
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - John T Loh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Shay Leary
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Aung Soe Lin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Beverly R E A Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M Noto
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Dawn A Israel
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Richard M Peek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Simon Mallal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Holly M Scott Algood
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America.,Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Timothy L Cover
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America.,Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, United States of America
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23
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Philip M, Pilkinton M, Ramesh R, McDonnell WJ, Gangula RD, Camara S, Chopra A, Schietinger A, Mallal SA. Population dynamics of tumor-specific CD8 T cell differentiation from plastic to fixed dysfunctional states. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.57.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor-specific CD8 T cells (TST) encountering cognate antigen in tumors differentiate to a dysfunctional state characterized by expression of multiple inhibitory receptors and failure to make effector cytokines. We demonstrated that TST differentiate through two discrete chromatin states; TST were initially in a plastic chromatin state and could be functionally rescued but then transitioned to a fixed chromatin state resistant to therapeutic reprogramming. T cells harboring these discrete chromatin states could be identified with distinct, novel membrane protein expression profiles, permitting prospective identification of reprogrammable tumor-specific T cells from bulk tumor-infiltrating T cell populations. Importantly, human tumor-infiltrating PD1-high CD8 T cells were in a similar chromatin accessibility state as murine fixed dysfunctional T cells. Based on our studies, two models could describe TST differentiation: (i) TST progress en-masse from the plastic to fixed state, potentially through a transitional state or (ii) individual TST within a population exist in either the plastic or fixed dysfunctional state; initially, most TST are in the plastic state, however over time plastic T cells fail to proliferate or die while the fixed dysfunctional TST preferentially proliferate and/or survive. To test these models, we carried out single-cell RNA-Sequencing on TST at various time points during tumor progression. Determining the population dynamics of TST differentiation through dysfunctional states in tumors could inform our strategies for TST rescue, for example, by selecting rare plastic TST from bulk populations versus novel strategies to reprogram the epigenome of fixed dysfunctional TST.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ram Ramesh
- 2Institute for Immunology&Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Abha Chopra
- 2Institute for Immunology&Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Australia
| | | | - Simon Alexander Mallal
- 1Vanderbilt Univ. Sch. of Med
- 2Institute for Immunology&Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Australia
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24
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Abana CO, Pilkinton MA, Gaudieri S, Chopra A, McDonnell WJ, Wanjalla C, Barnett L, Gangula R, Hager C, Jung DK, Engelhardt BG, Jagasia MH, Klenerman P, Phillips EJ, Koelle DM, Kalams SA, Mallal SA. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Epitope-Specific CD4 + T Cells Are Inflated in HIV + CMV + Subjects. J Immunol 2017; 199:3187-3201. [PMID: 28972094 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Select CMV epitopes drive life-long CD8+ T cell memory inflation, but the extent of CD4 memory inflation is poorly studied. CD4+ T cells specific for human CMV (HCMV) are elevated in HIV+ HCMV+ subjects. To determine whether HCMV epitope-specific CD4+ T cell memory inflation occurs during HIV infection, we used HLA-DR7 (DRB1*07:01) tetramers loaded with the glycoprotein B DYSNTHSTRYV (DYS) epitope to characterize circulating CD4+ T cells in coinfected HLA-DR7+ long-term nonprogressor HIV subjects with undetectable HCMV plasma viremia. DYS-specific CD4+ T cells were inflated among these HIV+ subjects compared with those from an HIV- HCMV+ HLA-DR7+ cohort or with HLA-DR7-restricted CD4+ T cells from the HIV-coinfected cohort that were specific for epitopes of HCMV phosphoprotein-65, tetanus toxoid precursor, EBV nuclear Ag 2, or HIV gag protein. Inflated DYS-specific CD4+ T cells consisted of effector memory or effector memory-RA+ subsets with restricted TCRβ usage and nearly monoclonal CDR3 containing novel conserved amino acids. Expression of this near-monoclonal TCR in a Jurkat cell-transfection system validated fine DYS specificity. Inflated cells were polyfunctional, not senescent, and displayed high ex vivo levels of granzyme B, CX3CR1, CD38, or HLA-DR but less often coexpressed CD38+ and HLA-DR+ The inflation mechanism did not involve apoptosis suppression, increased proliferation, or HIV gag cross-reactivity. Instead, the findings suggest that intermittent or chronic expression of epitopes, such as DYS, drive inflation of activated CD4+ T cells that home to endothelial cells and have the potential to mediate cytotoxicity and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chike O Abana
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Mark A Pilkinton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Silvana Gaudieri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.,School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Celestine Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Louise Barnett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Rama Gangula
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Cindy Hager
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dae K Jung
- Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Brian G Engelhardt
- Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Madan H Jagasia
- Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; and
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - David M Koelle
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Spyros A Kalams
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
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25
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Duffy JL, McDonnell WJ. Papillary cystadenoma of pancreas. N Y State J Med 1966; 66:3060-4. [PMID: 5224033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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