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Tseng HS, Lin BY, Wang YF, Liao YF. Ochratoxin A detoxification potentials of basil, chan, and chia seeds. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae018. [PMID: 38414284 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The most toxic of the ochratoxins is ochratoxin A (OTA), which is primarily produced by species of Aspergillus and Penicillium that can be found in maize, wheat, coffee, red wine, and various grains. OTA induces immunotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity in both animals and humans. Thus, there is a need to identify mycotoxin detoxification agents that can effectively decontaminate OTA. Seeds of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), chan (Hyptis suaveolens L.), and chia (Salvia hispanica L.) are functional foods capable of eliminating harmful substances. Despite this potential, the impact of these seeds on OTA detoxification remains unclear. This study reveals that milled basil, chan, and chia seeds adsorb significant levels of OTA, with chia demonstrating the highest adsorption capacity, followed by chan and basil seeds showing the least efficiency. Furthermore, milled basil, chan, and chia seeds effectively reduced OTA residues in artificial gastric and intestinal fluids, where they achieved up to 93% OTA adsorption in the former. In addition, these milled seeds were able to remove OTAs from canned, drip, and instant coffee. This study is the first to report the OTA elimination potential of basil, chan, and chia seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Shun Tseng
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500010, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yi Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500010, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fan Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
- Asia Mycotoxin Analysis Center, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
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Xu H, Zhang GX, Zou XF, Wang XN, Wu GQ, Xia W, Yuan YH, Xiao RH, Wu YT, Liao YF, Jiang B, Chen HM, Liu QL, Xie TP. [Suprapubic-assisted laparoendoscopic single-site surgery in nephroureterectomy A case series of 4 patients]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 99:2840-2843. [PMID: 31550813 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2019.36.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and clinical value of suprapubic-assisted laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (SA-LESS) in nephroureterectomy using method of transvaginal natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) (SA-LESS+TV-NOSE NU). Methods: Four patients (three cases of renal pelvic carcinoma and one case of ureteral carcinoma) undergoing SA-LESS+TV-NOSE NU were enrolled between April 2015 and January 2016. After general anesthesia, the patients were placed in the lithotomy position with the affected side elevated by 60°. Two trocars were inserted at the medial margin of umbilicus, and the third one was inserted into abdominal cavity at the superior margin of pubic symphysis. The operation was performed under a direct vision with a 5.4 mm 0° flexible-tip laparoscope. Firstly, the distal ureter was isolated completely and blocked by a Hem-O-lok clip. Then, the laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed according to the standard method. Finally, the bladder cuff excision was executed and the incision was sutured. The intact specimen was placed inside a homemade bag and removed through the incision at posterior vaginal fornix. Results: All the procedures were successfully performed. The median operative time was 150 (range: 120 to 210) minutes, and the median estimated blood loss was 180 (range: 80 to 350) ml. No major perioperative complications occurred. The mean visual analogue score (VAS) of 24 hours and 48 hours after operation were 3.25 (range: 2 to 5) and 2.25 (range: 2 to 3). All the patients resumed ambulation on postoperative day 1. Pelvic drainage tube was removed on postoperative day 2-4. On postoperative day 7, urethral catheter was removed. The patients were discharged on postoperative day 7-9. During the follow-up of 20-29 months, the patient recovered well with no case of incisional hernia and pelvic, abdominal infections. The vaginal fornix incision healed well, and the umbilical and suprapubic puncture scars were not obvious. All the patients completed the patient-assessed acromegaly symptom questionnaire PASQ. The average PSAQ score of 3 months after surgery was 34.5. Three of them restarted their sex lives, with an average female sexual function index score of 16.0, which was not significantly different with that of preoperation (15.6). There was no tumor recurrence, metastasis and implantation in all cases. Conclusion: SA-LESS+TV-NOSE NU is safe and feasible for upper tract urothelial carcinoma with faster postoperative recovery, less pain, shorter hospitalization time, better cosmetic results, and does not cause negative effect on the female sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University; Institute of Urology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
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3
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Tseng HS, Wang YF, Tzeng YM, Chen DR, Liao YF, Chiu HY, Hsieh WT. Aloe-Emodin Enhances Tamoxifen Cytotoxicity by Suppressing Ras/ERK and PI3K/mTOR in Breast Cancer Cells. Am J Chin Med 2017; 45:337-350. [PMID: 28231748 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aloe-emodin (AE) is derived from Aloe vera and rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) and exhibits anticancer activities via multiple regulatory mechanisms in various cancers. AE can also enhance the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin, doxorubicin, docetaxel, and 5-fluorouracil; however, its effects remain poorly characterized. MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-474, and HCC-1954 breast cancer cell lines were treated with the indicated conditions of AE, and cell viability assays were performed. The expression levels of signaling proteins were determined by western blot analysis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle distributions, and rates of apoptosis as estimated by flow cytometry. In comparison with other cells, MCF-7 cells were more sensitive to AE treatment; AE enhanced the cytotoxicity of 9[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml tamoxifen by reducing EGFR, ER[Formula: see text], Ras, ERK, c-Myc, and mTOR protein expression and blocking PI3K and mTOR activation. Finally, although co-treatment of AE with tamoxifen increased intracellular ROS, there were no effects on cell cycle progression. Besides facilitating tamoxifen-induced cell death, AE also enhanced the antiproliferative activity of tamoxifen by blocking Ras/ERK and PI3K/mTOR pathways in breast cancer cells, thus demonstrating the chemosensitizing potential of AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Shun Tseng
- * Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,‡ Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Wang
- † Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yew-Min Tzeng
- ‡ Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.,¶ Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan.,∥ Center for General Education, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Ren Chen
- * Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,† Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fan Liao
- ‡ Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.,§ Asia Mycotoxin Analysis Center, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Chiu
- * Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,** School of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- †† Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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Jiang WB, Yang L, Guo CY, Hu Z, Lee JM, Smidman M, Wang YF, Shang T, Cheng ZW, Gao F, Ishii H, Tsuei KD, Liao YF, Lu X, Tjeng LH, Chen JM, Yuan HQ. Crossover from a heavy fermion to intermediate valence state in noncentrosymmetric Yb2Ni12(P,As)7. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17608. [PMID: 26626431 PMCID: PMC4667268 DOI: 10.1038/srep17608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report measurements of the physical properties and electronic structure of the hexagonal compounds Yb2Ni12Pn7 (Pn = P, As) by measuring the electrical resistivity, magnetization, specific heat and partial fluorescence yield x-ray absorption spectroscopy (PFY-XAS). These demonstrate a crossover upon reducing the unit cell volume, from an intermediate valence state in Yb2Ni12As7 to a heavy-fermion paramagnetic state in Yb2Ni12P7, where the Yb is nearly trivalent. Application of pressure to Yb2Ni12P7 suppresses TFL, the temperature below which Fermi liquid behavior is recovered, suggesting the presence of a quantum critical point (QCP) under pressure. However, while there is little change in the Yb valence of Yb2Ni12P7 up to 30 GPa, there is a strong increase for Yb2Ni12As7 under pressure, before a near constant value is reached. These results indicate that any magnetic QCP in this system is well separated from strong valence fluctuations. The pressure dependence of the valence and lattice parameters of Yb2Ni12As7 are compared and at 1 GPa, there is an anomaly in the unit cell volume as well as a change in the slope of the Yb valence, indicating a correlation between structural and electronic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Jiang
- Center for Correlated Matter and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - L Yang
- Center for Correlated Matter and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - C Y Guo
- Center for Correlated Matter and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Z Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - J M Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - M Smidman
- Center for Correlated Matter and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Y F Wang
- Center for Correlated Matter and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - T Shang
- Center for Correlated Matter and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Z W Cheng
- Center for Correlated Matter and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - F Gao
- Center for Correlated Matter and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - H Ishii
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - K D Tsuei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Y F Liao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - X Lu
- Center for Correlated Matter and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - L H Tjeng
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - J M Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - H Q Yuan
- Center for Correlated Matter and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
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Liao YF, Wang Y, Huang Y, Zha SF, Liu JJ, Wang ZK, Yin YP, Liao YF, Wang Y. ISOLATION AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF McMenA, A GENE ENCODING A 1,4-DIHYDROXY-2-NAPHTHOATE OCTAPRENYLTRANSFERASE IN Mylabris cichorii. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2015; 89:127-137. [PMID: 25772016 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cantharidin is a biomolecule with a role in host defense that can also be used as an anticancer drug. The in vivo biosynthetic pathway for cantharidin has been the subject of debate for several decades and the mechanism is not yet completely understood. To study the biosynthetic pathway of cantharidin in blister beetles, Mylabris cichori, a full-length MenA (McMenA) cDNA was cloned based on the partial sequence of the MenA gene from a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library of male and female adult M. cichorii. The cDNA was 1264 base pairs (bp) with an open reading frame of 1026 bp nucleotides encoding a 341 amino acid protein. Analysis of the McMenA amino acid sequence showed that the aspartate rich motif N/DDxxD represented binding sites for prenyl diphosphate via a Mg(2+) ion. Phylogenetic analysis showed that McMenA was most closely related to MenA of Tribolium castaneum, and the amino acid sequence similarity was 86%. The expression pattern of McMenA in adults was analyzed using RT-qPCR, and we found that the highest expression of McMenA occurred during 22-25 days in the sex-separate breeding males, while the lowest expression occurred in females at the same time. Injection with a specific double-strand RNA (dsRNA) of McMenA led to a significant reduction of McMenA mRNA levels after 24 h. Cantharidin and ATP concentrations dropped around the same time. Together, our data showed that the McMenA gene might be involved in cantharidin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Liao
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Wang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Huang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing, China
| | - S F Zha
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing, China
| | - J J Liu
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing, China
| | - Z K Wang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing, China
| | - Y P Yin
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing, China
| | - Y F Liao
- Clinical Medicine College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Wang
- Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
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6
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Hsu PC, Liao YF, Lin CL, Lin WH, Liu GY, Hung HC. Vimentin is involved in peptidylarginine deiminase 2-induced apoptosis of activated Jurkat cells. Mol Cells 2014; 37:426-34. [PMID: 24850148 PMCID: PMC4044315 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase type 2 (PADI2) deiminates (or citrullinates) arginine residues in protein to citrulline residues in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and is found in lymphocytes and macrophages. Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein and a well-known substrate of PADI2. Citrullinated vimentin is found in ionomycin-induced macrophage apoptosis. Citrullinated vimentin is the target of anti-Sa antibodies, which are specific to rheumatoid arthritis, and play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease. To investigate the role of PADI2 in apoptosis, we generated a Jurkat cell line that overexpressed the PADI2 transgene from a tetracycline-inducible promoter, and used a combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and ionomycin to activate Jurkat cells. We found that PADI2 overexpression reduced the cell viability of activated Jurkat cells in1a dose- and time-dependent manner. The PADI2-overexpressed and -activated Jurkat cells presented typical manifestations of apoptosis, and exhibited greater levels of citrullinated proteins, including citrullinated vimentin. Vimentin overexpression rescued a portion of the cells from apoptosis. In conclusion, PADI2 overexpression induces apoptosis in activated Jurkat cells. Vimentin is involved in PADI2-induced apoptosis. Moreover, PADI2-overexpressed Jurkat cells secreted greater levels of vimentin after activation, and expressed more vimentin on their cell surfaces when undergoing apoptosis. Through artificially highlighting PADI2 and vimentin, we demonstrated that PADI2 and vimentin participate in the apoptotic mechanisms of activated T lymphocytes. The secretion and surface expression of vimentin are possible ways of autoantigen presentation to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center (ABC), National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan,
Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, Da-Chien General Hospital, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fan Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Chin-Li Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
| | - Wen-Hao Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center (ABC), National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yaw Liu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, and Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Hui-Chih Hung
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center (ABC), National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan,
Republic of China
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7
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Kahk JM, Poll CG, Oropeza FE, Ablett JM, Céolin D, Rueff JP, Agrestini S, Utsumi Y, Tsuei KD, Liao YF, Borgatti F, Panaccione G, Regoutz A, Egdell RG, Morgan BJ, Scanlon DO, Payne DJ. Understanding the electronic structure of IrO2 using hard-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density-functional theory. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:117601. [PMID: 24702416 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.117601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure of IrO2 has been investigated using hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density-functional theory. Excellent agreement is observed between theory and experiment. We show that the electronic structure of IrO2 involves crystal field splitting of the iridium 5d orbitals in a distorted octahedral field. The behavior of IrO2 closely follows the theoretical predictions of Goodenough for conductive rutile-structured oxides [J. B. Goodenough, J. Solid State Chem. 3, 490 (1971).
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kahk
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C G Poll
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - F E Oropeza
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J M Ablett
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Céolin
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J-P Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, BP 48 Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Agrestini
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzerstr. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Y Utsumi
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzerstr. 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - K D Tsuei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - Y F Liao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
| | - F Borgatti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), via P. Gobetti n.101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - G Panaccione
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM)-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, in Area Science Park, S.S.14, Km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Regoutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - R G Egdell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - B J Morgan
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - D O Scanlon
- University College London, Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom and Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Liu YL, Tsai IC, Chang CW, Liao YF, Liu GY, Hung HC. Functional roles of the non-catalytic calcium-binding sites in the N-terminal domain of human peptidylarginine deiminase 4. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51660. [PMID: 23382808 PMCID: PMC3559651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the functional roles of the N-terminal Ca2+ ion-binding sites, in terms of enzyme catalysis and stability, of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4). Amino acid residues located in the N-terminal Ca2+-binding site of PAD4 were mutated to disrupt the binding of Ca2+ ions. Kinetic data suggest that Asp155, Asp157 and Asp179, which directly coordinate Ca3 and Ca4, are essential for catalysis in PAD4. For D155A, D157A and D179A, the kcat/Km,BAEE values were 0.02, 0.63 and 0.01 s−1mM−1 (20.8 s−1mM−1 for WT), respectively. Asn153 and Asp176 are directly coordinated with Ca3 and indirectly coordinated with Ca5 via a water molecule. However, N153A displayed low enzymatic activity with a kcat value of 0.3 s−1 (13.3 s−1 for wild-type), whereas D176A retained some catalytic power with a kcat of 9.7 s−1. Asp168 is the direct ligand for Ca5, and Ca5 coordination by Glu252 is mediated by two water molecules. However, mutation of these two residues to Ala did not cause a reduction in the kcat/Km,BAEE values, which indicates that the binding of Ca5 may not be required for PAD4 enzymatic activity. The possible conformational changes of these PAD4 mutants were examined. Thermal stability analysis of the PAD4 mutants in the absence or presence of Ca2+ indicated that the conformational stability of the enzyme is highly dependent on Ca2+ ions. In addition, the results of urea-induced denaturation for the N153, D155, D157 and D179 series mutants further suggest that the binding of Ca2+ ions in the N-terminal Ca2+-binding site stabilizes the overall conformational stability of PAD4. Therefore, our data strongly suggest that the N-terminal Ca2+ ions play critical roles in the full activation of the PAD4 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Liang Liu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, and Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Chang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fan Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences and Biotechnology, Chaoyang University of Technology Taichung, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yaw Liu
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, and Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HCH); (GYL)
| | - Hui-Chih Hung
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center (ABC), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HCH); (GYL)
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Liao YF, Chang CC, Wang DP, Tseng BH, Liao YD, Lin CH. A novel approach for normalizing the photoreflectance spectrum by using polymer-dispersed liquid crystal. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:103904. [PMID: 23126779 DOI: 10.1063/1.4757399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a novel type of normalization procedure for modulation reflectance spectroscopy experiments to obtain the relative change in the reflectance spectrum, ΔR/R. This technique uses a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal to ensure that the dc component of the signal from the detector remained constant by varying the intensity of the light striking the sample. This method is particularly useful for photoreflectance measurement, which may encounter background problems because of scattered pump light and/or photoluminescence. It does not require a change in the gain of the detector or the use of a variable neutral density filter mounted on a servo-motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Liao
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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10
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Willers T, Strigari F, Hiraoka N, Cai YQ, Haverkort MW, Tsuei KD, Liao YF, Seiro S, Geibel C, Steglich F, Tjeng LH, Severing A. Determining the in-plane orientation of the ground-state orbital of CeCu2Si2. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:046401. [PMID: 23006099 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.046401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have successfully determined the hitherto unknown sign of the B(4)(4) Stevens crystal-field parameter of the tetragonal heavy-fermion compound CeCu(2)Si(2) using vector q-dependent nonresonant inelastic x-ray scattering experiments at the cerium N(4,5) edge. The observed difference between the two different directions, q∥[100] and q∥[110], is due to the anisotropy of the crystal-field ground state in the (001) plane and is observable only because of the utilization of higher than dipole transitions possible in nonresonant inelastic x-ray scattering. This approach allows us to go beyond the specific limitations of dc magnetic susceptibility, inelastic neutron scattering, and soft x-ray spectroscopy, and provides us with a reliable information about the orbital state of the 4f electrons relevant for the quantitative modeling of the quasiparticles and their interactions in heavy-fermion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Willers
- Institute of Physics II, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
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11
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine independent predictors of root resorption for surgical-orthodontic treatment of impacted maxillary central incisors. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION The Department of Dentistry at Show Chwan Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan. Eighty patients with unilateral osseous-impacted maxillary central incisors receiving a surgical-orthodontic treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a retrospective observational study. Root resorption and its predictors were abstracted from patients' charts, pre-treatment cephalometric radiographs, and post-treatment periapical radiographs. Predictors included demographics, treatment duration, crown angle, crown height, crown depth, and root dilacerations. RESULTS The patients' mean age was 9.2 ± 2.3 years (6.4-20.6 years), and 60% were females. Impacted maxillary central incisors had greater root resorption than naturally erupted contralateral incisors (Δ = -2.8 mm, p < 0.001). Independent predictors of root resorption for impacted maxillary central incisors were shown by linear regression analysis to be crown height (β = -0.2, p < 0.01), crown depth (β = -0.3, p = 0.001), treatment duration (β = 0.2, p < 0.01), and root dilacerations (β = 3.1, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Impacted maxillary central incisors had greater root resorption during surgical-orthodontic treatment than their naturally erupted contralateral incisors. Predictors of a greater root resorption were highly and deeply impacted incisors, longer treatment, and root dilacerations. These predictors may help to inform patient and family counseling before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Ho
- Department of Dentistry, Show Chwan Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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12
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Liu ZH, Chen LL, Deng XL, Song HJ, Liao YF, Zeng TS, Zheng J, Li HQ. Methylation status of CpG sites in the MCP-1 promoter is correlated to serum MCP-1 in Type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:585-9. [PMID: 21975431 DOI: 10.3275/7981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a potent chemokine and plays an important role in atherosclerosis of Type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the methylation status of CpG sites in the MCP-1 promoter in Type 2 diabetic patients and its correlation to serum MCP- 1 level, and blood glucose level. METHODS The 32 patients with Type 2 diabetes and 15 healthy controls were enrolled into the study. Bodymass index, blood pressure, blood lipid, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum MCP-1 were measured. Genomic DNA was isolated fromthe peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Methylation status of CpG sites in theMCP-1 promoter was determined using methylation specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The promoter region (2890-3050 bp) was predominantly methylated in PBMC from controls.Methylation of CpGmotifs were less methylated in the patients than in the controls (25% vs 80%; p<0.001), while the level of MCP-1 in serum was higher in patients with Type 2 diabetes (193.95±74.96 vs 88.46±55.10; p<0.001). MCP-1 promoter methylation was significantly correlated to serum MCP-1, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and triglyceride. CONCLUSION These data suggest that hypomethylation of CpG sites in the MCP-1 promoter region may be affected by blood glucose and TG, which then increase the serum MCP-1 level and may play a role in the vascular complications of Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Avenue Jiefang 1277#, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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13
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Liao YF, Rao YK, Tzeng YM. Aqueous extract of Anisomeles indica and its purified compound exerts anti-metastatic activity through inhibition of NF-κB/AP-1-dependent MMP-9 activation in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2930-6. [PMID: 22634262 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anisomeles indica popularly known in Taiwan as 'yu-chen-tsao' has been traditionally used as an anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent; however, little is known about its anti-metastatic potential. Therefore, we attempted in this study to examine the anti-metastatic potential of A. indica aqueous extract (AI), its isolated compounds apigenin, ovatodiolide, β-sitosterol and acteoside in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. Among the test agents, crude extract AI and pure compound apigenin potently suppressed the TPA-induced MCF-7 cells migration and invasion. In addition, AI and apigenin time- and dose-dependently down regulated the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 enzymatic activities and its mRNA expression. Furthermore, AI and apigenin also down regulated the nuclear factor (NF)-κB subunit p65, and activator protein (AP)-1 subunit c-Fos proteins expression in nucleus and, transcriptional activity of NF-κB and AP-1. This is the first report on the anti-metastatic potential of A. indica that suppressed the cancer cell invasion through the inhibition of MMP-9 enzyme via NF-κB/AP-1 signaling. Taken together, our data indicate that A. indica can be considered as a source of new anti-metastatic agent for food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fan Liao
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences and Technology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Wang MF, Liao YF, Hung YC, Lin CL, Hour TC, Lue KH, Hung HC, Liu GY. Hydroxydibenzoylmethane induces apoptosis through repressing ornithine decarboxylase in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Exp Mol Med 2011; 43:189-96. [PMID: 21372632 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2011.43.4.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis and a target for chemoprevention. Hydroxydibenzoylmethane (HDB), a derivative of dibenzoylmethane of licorice, is a promising chemopreventive agent. In this paper, we investigated whether HDB would inhibit the ODC pathway to enhance apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. We found ODC enzyme activity was reduced during HDB treatment. Overexpression of ODC in HL-60 parental cells could reduce HDB-induced apoptosis, which leads to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ(m)), through lessening intracellular ROS. Furthermore, ODC overexpression protected cytochrome c release and the activation of caspase-3 following HDB treatment. The results demonstrated HDB-induced apoptosis was through a mechanism of down-regulation of ODC and occurred along a ROS-dependent mitochondria-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fu Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Wu CL, Liao YF, Hung YC, Lu KH, Hung HC, Liu GY. Ornithine decarboxylase prevents dibenzoylmethane-induced apoptosis through repressing reactive oxygen species generation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2011; 25:312-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Hsieh WC, Hsu PC, Liao YF, Young ST, Wang ZW, Lin CL, Tsay GJ, Lee H, Hung HC, Liu GY. Overexpression of ornithine decarboxylase suppresses thapsigargin-induced apoptosis. Mol Cells 2010; 30:311-8. [PMID: 20814750 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the key enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, has paradoxical roles in apoptosis. Our published papers show overexpression of ODC prevents the apoptosis induced by many cytotoxic drugs. Thapsigargin (TG) is an inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA) pumps and causes ER stress-induced apoptosis. We used ODC overexpressing cell lines to examine whether overexpression of ODC inhibits TG-induced apoptosis. Our results indicated overexpression of ODC attenuated TG-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of ODC blocked procaspase-4 cleavage and phosphorylation of protein kinase-like ER-resident kinase (PERK), triggered by TG. It also attenuated the increase in CAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). Cells with overexpressed ODC had greater Bcl-2 expression. Overexpression of ODC preserved the expression of Bcl-2, inhibited the increase in Bak and stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential without the influences of TG. Cytochrome c release and down-stream caspase activation were blocked. That is, overexpression of ODC inhibits the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, induced by TG. Finally, overexpression of ODC maintains the protein and mRNA expression of SERCA. In conclusion, overexpression of ODC suppresses TG-induced apoptosis by blocking caspase-4 activation and PERK phosphorylation, attenuating CHOP expression and inhibiting the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chung Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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18
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Abstract
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the first enzyme involved in polyamine biosynthesis, and it catalyzes the decarboxylation of ornithine to putrescine. ODC is a dimeric enzyme, whereas antizyme inhibitor (AZI), a positive regulator of ODC that is homologous to ODC, exists predominantly as a monomer and lacks decarboxylase activity. The goal of this paper was to identify the essential amino acid residues that determine the dimerization of AZI. The nonconserved amino acid residues in the putative dimer interface of AZI (Ser-277, Ser-331, Glu-332, and Asp-389) were substituted with the corresponding residues in the putative dimer interface of ODC (Arg-277, Tyr-331, Asp-332, and Tyr-389, respectively). Analytical ultracentrifugation analysis was used to determine the size distribution of these AZI mutants. The size-distribution analysis data suggest that residue 331 may play a major role in the dimerization of AZI. Mutating Ser-331 to Tyr in AZI (AZI-S331Y) caused a shift from a monomer configuration to a dimer. Furthermore, in comparison with the single mutant AZI-S331Y, the AZI-S331Y/D389Y double mutant displayed a further reduction in the monomer-dimer K(d), suggesting that residue 389 is also crucial for AZI dimerization. Analysis of the triple mutant AZI-S331Y/D389Y/S277R showed that it formed a stable dimer (K(d) value = 1.3 microm). Finally, a quadruple mutant, S331Y/D389Y/S277R/E332D, behaved as a dimer with a K(d) value of approximately 0.1 microm, which is very close to that of the human ODC enzyme. The quadruple mutant, although forming a dimer, could still be disrupted by antizyme (AZ), further forming a heterodimer, and it could rescue the AZ-inhibited ODC activity, suggesting that the AZ-binding ability of the AZI dimer was retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Liang Su
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung
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Zhang HM, Chen LL, Wang L, Liao YF, Wu ZH, Ye F, Xu S, Yi LL. Association of 1704G/T and G82S polymorphisms in the receptor for advanced glycation end products gene with diabetic retinopathy in Chinese population. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:258-62. [PMID: 19542745 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of the 1704 G/T and G82S polymorphisms in the RAGE gene with diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS The 1704G/T and G82S polymorphisms were genotyped in 340 Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) without DR subjects (DR- group); 166 T2DM with DR subjects (DR+ group), and 182 normal glucose tolerant subjects (NGT group). The genotypes were detected by the methods of ligase detection reaction coupled PCR. RESULTS There was no evident difference in the 1704G/T and G82S genotypic and allelic frequencies distribution between NGT and T2DM subjects. However, the frequences of G/A+AA genotypes (60.6%) and A allele (36.4%) of G82S were significantly higher in DR+ group than those (38.4%; 20.9%, respectively) in DR- group (p=0.01and p=0.007, respectively). Furthermore, haplotype analysis revealed that the frequency of G-A haplotype containing 1704G and 82S allele in DR+ group was significantly higher than that in DR- group (33.5% vs 19.6%, p=0.01). The multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the G82S polymorphism [odds ratio (OR): 2.964, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.013-5.46, p=0.029] and diabetes duration (OR: 1.013, 95% CI: 1.007-1.02, p<0.001) were independent risk factors for DR. CONCLUSIONS G82S polymorphism in the RAGE gene is associated with DR and G-A haplotype containing 1704G and 82S allele might be a genetic marker of DR in Chinese T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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20
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Hsu PC, Hung HC, Liao YF, Liu CC, Tsay GJ, Liu GY. Ornithine decarboxylase attenuates leukemic chemotherapy drugs-induced cell apoptosis and arrest in human promyelocytic HL-60 cells. Leuk Res 2008; 32:1530-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Liao YF, Hung HC, Hsu PC, Kao MC, Hour TC, Tsay GJ, Liu GY. Ornithine decarboxylase interferes with macrophage-like differentiation and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by tumor necrosis factor alpha via NF-kappaB. Leuk Res 2008; 32:1124-40. [PMID: 18177935 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a tumor promoter, provokes cell proliferation, and inhibits cell death; but the mechanism involved in cell differentiation remains unknown. Herein, we examine whether it functions during macrophage-like differentiation. Previous studies reveal that ODC, a rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, and polyamines are involved in restraining immune response in activated macrophage. By using 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-differentiated human promyelocytic HL-60 and promonocytic U-937 cells, we discover that polyamines block the expression, secretion and activation of MMP-9. Meanwhile conventional expression of ODC represses tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation as well as MMP-9 enzyme activity. Following stimulation by TNF-alpha, the secretion of MMP-9 is restored in ODC-overexpressed cells. In addition, the NF-kappaB inhibitors (pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, BAY-11-7082 and lactacystin) suppress the TPA-induced MMP-9 enzyme activity. Concurrently, both the irreversible inhibitor of ODC, alpha-difluoromethylornithine, and TNF-alpha could not recover MMP-9 activation following NF-kappaB inhibitor treatment in parental cells. Furthermore, ODC could directly inhibit and attenuate NF-kappaB DNA binding and transcriptional activation. Therefore, we suggest that ODC inhibits the TNF-alpha-elevated MMP-9 activation via NF-kappaB as TPA-induced macrophage-like differentiation and this interrupting mechanism may provide a new conceivable resolution why leukemia is poorly differentiated besides atypical growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fan Liao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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22
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Liao YF, Hung HC, Hour TC, Hsu PC, Kao MC, Tsay GJ, Liu GY. Curcumin induces apoptosis through an ornithine decarboxylase-dependent pathway in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Life Sci 2007; 82:367-75. [PMID: 18187158 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a well-known dietary pigment derived from the food flavoring turmeric (Curcuma longa) exhibits anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities. Recently, studies have shown that a chemopreventive effect of curcumin could be due to the hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. In our previous studies, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) overexpression prevented tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)- and methotrexate-induced apoptosis via reduction of ROS. Furthermore, ODC is the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis and a target for chemoprevention. In this study, we found that enzyme activity and protein expression of ODC were reduced during curcumin treatment. Overexpression of ODC in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 parental cells could reduce curcumin-induced apoptosis, which leads to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)), through reducing intracellular ROS. Moreover, ODC overexpression prevented cytochrome c release and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 following curcumin treatment. These results demonstrate that curcumin-induced apoptosis occurs through a mechanism of down-regulating ODC and along a ROS-dependent mitochondria-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fan Liao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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23
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Liao YF, Chen LL, Zeng TS, Zheng J, Li HQ. Association of the +33371 A/G polymorphism in adiponectin receptor 2 gene with Type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population. J Endocrinol Invest 2007; 30:860-4. [PMID: 18075289 DOI: 10.1007/bf03349228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the +33371 A/G polymorphism of adiponectin receptor 2 gene and the risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the Chinese population. METHODS A case-control study was performed among 594 unrelated Chinese people. All of them underwent a standardized assessment on phenotypic characterization including anthropometry, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test with insulin levels, fasting serum total cholesterol, and fasting serum triglyceride. The +33371 A/G polymorphism was detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The PCR products after digestion displayed 3 genotypes, including AA, AG, and GG. The frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes in T2DM group (no.=261) and control group (no.=353) were 0.379, 0.414, 0.207 and 0.162, 0.541, 0.297, respectively. There was a significant difference in both genotypic and allelic frequencies distribution of +33371 A/G polymorphism between T2DM and control subjects (p<0.001). Subjects with AA+AG genotypes showed higher levels of fasting plasma glucose (p=0.024), fasting serum triglycerides (p=0.036), and body mass index (BMI) (p=0.013) than those with GG genotype in the T2DM group but not in the control group. Compared with GG genotype, AA (p<0.001) and AA+AG (p=0.002) genotype group had a significantly higher risk of T2DM, with odds ratio (OR) for 2.290 [95% confidence interval: 1.482-3.359] and 1.963 (1.183-2.997). Compared with AG+GG genotype group, the risk of T2DM in AA genotype increased slightly (p=0.007), with OR for 1.478 (1.025-2.036). CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that +33371 A/G polymorphism is associated with increased risk of T2DM and multiple insulin resistance-related phenotypes (including fasting plasma glucose, fasting serum triglycerides, and BMI) in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Zeng Q, Baker I, Loudis JA, Liao YF, Hoopes PJ. Synthesis and heating effect of iron/iron oxide composite and iron oxide nanoparticles. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2007; 6440:64400H. [PMID: 25301983 DOI: 10.1117/12.708182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Fe/Fe oxide nanoparticles, in which the core consists of metallic Fe and the shell is composed of Fe oxides, were obtained by reduction of an aqueous solution of FeCl3 within a NaBH4 solution, or, using a water-in-oil micro-emulsion with CTAB as the surfactant. The reduction was performed either in an inert atmosphere or in air, and passivation with air was performed to produce the Fe/Fe3O4 core/shell composite. Phase identification and particle size were determined by X-ray diffraction and TEM. Thermal analysis was performed using a differential scanning calorimeter. The quasistatic magnetic properties were measured using a VSM, and the specific absorption rates (SARs) of both Fe oxide and Fe/Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles either dispersed in methanol or in an epoxy resin were measured by Luxtron fiber temperature sensors in an alternating magnetic field of 150 Oe at 250 kHz. It was found that the preparation conditions, including the concentrations of solutions, the mixing procedure and the heat treatment, influence the particle size, the crystal structure and consequently the magnetic properties of the particles. Compared with Fe oxides, the saturation magnetization (MS ) of Fe/Fe3O4 particles (100-190 emu/g) can be twice as high, and the coercivity (HC ) can be tunable from several Oe to several hundred Oe. Hence, the SAR of Fe/Fe3O4 composite nanoparticles can be much higher than that of Fe oxides, with a maximum SAR of 345 W/g. The heating behavior is related to the magnetic behavior of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zeng
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA 03755-8000
| | - I Baker
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA 03755-8000
| | - J A Loudis
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA 03755-8000
| | - Y F Liao
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA 03755-8000
| | - P J Hoopes
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA 03755
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Hung HC, Lin CY, Liao YF, Hsu PC, Tsay GJ, Liu GY. The functional haplotype of peptidylarginine deiminase IV (S55G, A82V and A112G) associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis dominates apoptosis of acute T leukemia Jurkat cells. Apoptosis 2007; 12:475-87. [PMID: 17216583 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-0005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PADI4) posttranslationally converts peptidylarginine to citrulline. It plays an essential role in immune cell differentiation and apoptosis. A haplotype of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PADI4 is functionally relevant as a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) gene. It could increase enzyme activity leading to raised levels of citrullinated protein and stimulating autoantibody. Previously, our study showed that inducible PADI4 causes haematopoietic cell death. Herein, we further investigate whether RA risk PADI4 haplotype (SNP PADI4; S55G, A82V and A112G) and the increase of its enzymatic activity induce apoptosis. In the tetracycline (Tet)-On Jurkat T cells, ionomycin (Ion) only treatment didn't induce apoptosis however it promoted inducible PADI4-decreased cell viability and -enhanced apoptosis. Through in vitro and in vivo PADI enzyme activity assay, we demonstrated that PADI4 enzyme activity of SNP PADI4 was higher than RA non-risk PADI4 haplotype (WT PADI4). The effect of SNP PADI4-induced apoptosis was superior to WT PADI4. In addition, both Ion and SNP PADI4 synergistically provoked apoptosis were compared with both Ion and WT PADI4. Concurrently, in the conditionally inducible SNP PADI4 cells of Ion treatment-induced apoptosis, not only the expression of Bcl-xL was down-regulated and Bax up-regulated, but also cytochrome c was released from mitochondria to cytoplasm in significant amounts. Western blotting data showed the increase in apoptosomal caspase activation during programmed cell death in the inducible SNP PADI4 cells subsequent to Ion treatment. These data demonstrated that both SNP PADI4 increasing their enzyme activity could enhance apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway and further provide a conceivable explanation in the pathogenesis of RA following the upregulation of PADI4 activity in its SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chih Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Liao YF, Hsieh HC, Liu GY, Hung HC. A continuous spectrophotometric assay method for peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 activity. Anal Biochem 2005; 347:176-81. [PMID: 16266680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple, continuous spectrophotometric assay for peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) is described. Deimination of peptidylarginine results in the formation of peptidylcitrulline and ammonia. The ammonia released during peptidylarginine hydrolysis is coupled to the glutamate-dehydrogenase-catalyzed reductive amination of alpha-ketoglutarate to glutamate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidation. The disappearance of absorbance at 340nm due to NADH oxidation is continuously measured. The specific activity obtained by this new protocol for highly purified human PAD is comparable to that obtained by a commonly used colorimetric procedure, which measures the ureido group of peptidylcitrulline by coupling with diacetyl monoxime. The present continuous spectrophotometric method is highly sensitive and accurate and is thus suitable for enzyme kinetic analysis of PAD. The Ca(2+) concentration for half-maximal activity of PAD obtained by this method is comparable to that previously obtained by the colorimetric procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fan Liao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
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27
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Liao YF, Hung YC, Chang WH, Tsay GJ, Hour TC, Hung HC, Liu GY. The PKC delta inhibitor, rottlerin, induces apoptosis of haematopoietic cell lines through mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspases' cascade. Life Sci 2005; 77:707-19. [PMID: 15922001 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2004] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rottlerin is a widely selective protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta) inhibitor isolated from Mallotus philippinensis. It shown to be effective against several human tumor cell lines and in potentiating chemotherapy-induced cytotoxcicity. Using the trypan blue exclusion assay, we demonstrated that rottlerin reduced the viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner of human leukemia HL60 cells, human acute T cell leukemia Jurkat cells and mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Rottlerin caused apoptosis and the apaptotic processing was inhibited by a caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, in these haematopoietic cells. The apoptosis-inducing activities were determined by nuclear condensation, sub-G1 appearance, DNA fragmentation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim), release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into cytoplasm and proteolytic activation of caspase 9 and 3. Expression of PKCdelta and Bcl-2 protein inhibited Deltapsim change and repressed cell death. These studies suggest that the cytotoxic effects of rottlerin through inhibition of PKCdelta cause mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytoplasm and the activation of caspases' cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fan Liao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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28
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Cheng CF, Huang WH, Tsai TP, Ko EW, Liao YF. Effects of cancer therapy on dental and maxillofacial development in children: report of case. ASDC J Dent Child 2000; 67:218-22, 161. [PMID: 10902084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Malignant lymphoma is one of the most common hematological diseases of children. The prognosis is fairly good with multimodal cancer therapy. We reported a boy with Burkitt's lymphoma in the nasal cavity who received chemotherapy and irradiation of the head and neck area at four years of age. During seven years of follow-up, we studied the developmental effects of cancer therapy, including general growth, maxillofacial bones, and dentition. Compared with boys of matching age, the development of his entire body and maxillofacial bones was delayed. In the irradiated areas, the roots of teeth were short or poorly developed and the root apices showed premature closure. After the patient was in remission from the tumor in his early childhood, the long-term effects of cancer therapy on dental and maxillofacial development are worth our further evaluation and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Chang SC, Liao YF, Hung LM, Tseng CS, Hsu JH, Chen JK. Prefabricated implants or grafts with reverse models of three-dimensional mirror-image templates for reconstruction of craniofacial abnormalities. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999; 104:1413-8. [PMID: 10513927 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-199910000-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S C Chang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Craniofacial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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30
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Liao YF, Wieder KG, Classen JM, Van De Water L. Identification of two amino acids within the EIIIA (ED-A) segment of fibronectin constituting the epitope for two function-blocking monoclonal antibodies. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:17876-84. [PMID: 10364233 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.25.17876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of the fibronectin gene transcript gives rise to a group of adhesive glycoproteins showing restricted spatial and temporal expression during embryonic development, tumor growth, and tissue repair. Alternative splicing occurs in three segments termed EIIIB, EIIIA, and V. The EIIIA (or ED-A) segment of fibronectin is expressed prominently but transiently in healing wounds coincident with fibroblast expression of an activation marker, smooth muscle cell alpha-actin. A monoclonal antibody (IST-9) to the EIIIA segment blocks transforming growth factor-beta-mediated smooth muscle cell alpha-actin expression by fibroblasts in culture. A second monoclonal antibody (DH1) blocks chondrocyte condensation in chicken embryos. We find that IST-9 and DH1 react with human, rat, and chicken but not with mouse or frog EIIIA, suggesting that His44 may be important for antibody binding. A series of deletion mutants of rat EIIIA, constructed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, do not react with either IST-9, DH1, or a third monoclonal antibody (3E2). Mutations of pairs of amino acids to alanine have little effect, except for either (Val34Thr35) or (Tyr36Ser37), which are located in a beta strand upstream from His44. For these double mutants, the binding to all three monoclonal antibodies is markedly reduced. By contrast, single mutants at Thr35, Tyr36, or Ser37 retain full activity, suggesting that the epitope for these antibodies is determined in part by conformation. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of rat EIIIA demonstrates the importance of Ile43 and His44 for binding. Mutation of frog EIIIA (normally Val43Lys44) to rat (Ile43His44) is sufficient to restore fully IST-9 binding and much of the activity of DH1 and 3E2. Our findings demonstrate that the function-blocking antibodies, IST-9 and DH1, bind to the Ile43 and His44 residues in a conformationally dependent fashion, implicating the loop region encompassing both residues as critical for mediating EIIIA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Liao
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, the Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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31
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Liao YF, Huang CS, Liou JW, Lin WY, Ko WC. Premaxillary size and craniofacial growth in patients with cleft lip and palate. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1998; 21:391-6. [PMID: 10074723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premaxillary size in individuals with cleft lip and palate is variable, ranging from a mere nubbin to a large protuberance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of premaxillary size on craniofacial growth in cleft lip and palate patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Premaxillary size was measured using 181 dental casts of bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP) infants. The infants had no associated systemic malformations, and were approximately one year of age. Data were obtained from the files of the Chang Gung Craniofacial Center. The mean size (mean = 19.3 mm) of the premaxilla and standard deviation (SD = 2.0 mm) were calculated. A sample of 55 subjects was divided into three groups: large premaxilla; [LP; 15 boys, 5 girls; mean age 5.2 years; premaxillary size > (19.3 + 2.0) mm; mean size 22.6 mm]; small premaxilla [SP; 15 boys, 5 girls; mean age = 5.1 years; premaxillary size < (19.3-2.0) mm; mean size = 16.5 mm] and bilateral-median facial dysplasia [B-MFD; 6 boys, 9 girls; mean age 5.1 years; mean size 10.5 mm]. They all had a bilateral cheiloplasty at about 3 months of age and palatoplasty at about one year of age. Lateral cephalograms were taken at about 5 years of age to compare the craniofacial complex among the three groups. RESULTS The LP group tended to have a longer maxilla, longer anterior maxillary height and more protruded maxilla, producing a better interjaw relation and larger overjet. The opposite phenomena were observed in the B-MFD group, and the SP group had results between those of the LP group and the B-MFD group. CONCLUSION BCLP patients with large premaxilla had superior maxillary growth (in depth and anterior height) as compared to those with small premaxilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Liao
- Department of Craniofacial Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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32
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Howard S, Braun C, McCarter J, Moremen KW, Liao YF, Withers SG. Human lysosomal and jack bean alpha-mannosidases are retaining glycosidases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 238:896-8. [PMID: 9325188 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The stereochemical course of the hydrolyses catalysed by two alpha-mannosidases has been determined directly by 1H NMR. Synthetic substrates were incubated with the enzymes and the anomeric configuration of the initially formed product was ascertained in each case by observation of the chemical shift of the anomeric proton at the hemiacetal centre. Both mannosidases were found to catalyse hydrolysis with retention of stereochemistry at the anomeric position. Human lysosomal alpha-mannosidase (a class II mannosidase) is a member of the glycosidase family 38 and thus has sequence similarity with several alpha-mannosidases responsible for glycoprotein biosynthesis. Jack bean alpha-mannosidase was shown to be mechanistically similar to the lysosomal enzyme and will provide a useful model system in mechanistic studies and inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Howard
- Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
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33
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Merkle RK, Zhang Y, Ruest PJ, Lal A, Liao YF, Moremen KW. Cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of the murine lysosomal acid alpha-mannosidase. Biochim Biophys Acta 1997; 1336:132-46. [PMID: 9305783 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(97)00023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Catabolism of alpha-linked mannose residues on eukaryotic glycoproteins is accomplished by a broad specificity lysosomal alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24). Based on regions of protein sequence conservation between the lysosomal alpha-mannosidase from Dictyostelium discoideum and the murine Golgi glycoprotein processing alpha 1,3/1,6-mannosidase, alpha-mannosidase II, we have cloned a cDNA encoding the murine lysosomal alpha-mannosidase. The longest of the clones was 3.1 kb in length and encoded a polypeptide of 992 amino acids containing a putative NH2-terminal signal sequence and 11 potential N-glycosylation sites. The deduced amino acid sequence was 76.5% identical to the human lysosomal alpha-mannosidase and 38.1% identical to the lysosomal alpha-mannosidase from D. discoideum. Expression of the cDNA in Pichia pastoris resulted in the secretion of an alpha-mannosidase activity into the culture medium. This recombinant expression product was purified and was shown to have enzymatic characteristics highly similar to the enzyme purified from mammalian sources and to the human lysosomal alpha-mannosidase cDNA expressed in Pichia. These characteristics include a similar pH optimum, Km, Vmax, inhibition by swainsonine, and activity toward natural substrates. Northern blots identified a major 3.5 kb RNA transcript in all murine tissues tested. A minor transcript of 5.4 kb was also detected in some murine tissues similar to the alternatively spliced transcripts that have been previously identified in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Merkle
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
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34
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Chui D, Oh-Eda M, Liao YF, Panneerselvam K, Lal A, Marek KW, Freeze HH, Moremen KW, Fukuda MN, Marth JD. Alpha-mannosidase-II deficiency results in dyserythropoiesis and unveils an alternate pathway in oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Cell 1997; 90:157-67. [PMID: 9230311 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-mannosidase-II (alphaM-II) catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of complex asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides (N-glycans). Genetic deficiency of alphaM-II should abolish complex N-glycan production as reportedly does inhibition of alphaM-II by swainsonine. We find that mice lacking a functional alphaM-II gene develop a dyserythropoietic anemia concurrent with loss of erythrocyte complex N-glycans. Unexpectedly, nonerythroid cell types continued to produce complex N-glycans by an alternate pathway comprising a distinct alpha-mannosidase. These studies reveal cell-type-specific variations in N-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and an essential role for alphaM-II in the formation of erythroid complex N-glycans. alphaM-II deficiency elicits a phenotype in mice that correlates with human congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chui
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA
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35
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Jarvis DL, Bohlmeyer DA, Liao YF, Lomax KK, Merkle RK, Weinkauf C, Moremen KW. Isolation and characterization of a class II alpha-mannosidase cDNA from lepidopteran insect cells. Glycobiology 1997; 7:113-27. [PMID: 9061370 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/7.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lepidopteran insect cells are used routinely as hosts for foreign glycoprotein expression by recombinant baculoviruses, but the precise nature of their N-glycosylation pathway remains poorly defined. These cells clearly have processing glucosidases and mannosidases that can convert precursors to Man3GlcNAc2 structures and fucosyltransferases that can add fucose to the oligosaccharide core. However, their ability to extend these structures to produce complex side chains like those found in mammalian cells remains to be determined. To begin to examine this pathway at the molecular genetic level, we isolated and characterized a class II alpha-mannosidase (alpha-mannosidase II) cDNA from Sf9, a lepidopteran insect cell line. In mammalian cells, this enzyme catalyzes the committed step in the pathway converting N-linked carbohydrates to complex forms. Degenerate primers against conserved regions in known class II alpha-mannosidase protein sequences were used to generate an alpha-mannosidase II-specific PCR product from Sf9 cell DNA. Sequence information from this product was used to isolate a partial cDNA clone, the 5' end was isolated by ligation-anchored PCR, and the full length alpha-mannosidase II cDNA was assembled. This cDNA contained a long open reading frame predicted to encode an 1130 amino acid protein with 37% identity to human Golgi alpha-mannosidase II and with a type II membrane topology, a feature of all known Golgi processing enzymes. Southern blotting indicated that alpha-mannosidase II is a single copy gene in Sf9 cells. Other Lepidoptera had related alpha-mannosidase II genes, but there was variation among different genera, and the Sf9 alpha-mannosidase II cDNA did not cross-hybridize with DNA from animals outside Lepidoptera. Steady-state levels of alpha-mannosidase II RNA were low in uninfected Sf9 cells and even lower after baculovirus infection. The in vitro-translated Sf9 alpha-mannosidase II protein had the expected size and was translocated and N-glycosylated by microsomal membranes. Expression of the Sf9 alpha-mannosidase II cDNA in the baculovirus system produced large amounts of a protein with the expected size and swainsonine-sensitive alpha-mannosidase II activity towards an aryl-alpha-mannoside substrate. These results demonstrate that Sf9 cells encode and express an alpha-mannosidase II with properties similar to those of the mammalian enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Jarvis
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA
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36
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Liao YF, Lal A, Moremen KW. Cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of the human broad specificity lysosomal acid alpha-mannosidase. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:28348-58. [PMID: 8910458 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.45.28348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have cloned and expressed two cDNAs encoding the human lysosomal alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) by RT-PCR of human spleen mRNA. This enzyme is required for the degradation of N-linked carbohydrates during glycoprotein catabolism in eucaryotic cells. The shorter of the two cDNAs (3 kilobases (kb)) was found to encode an open reading frame of 2964 base pairs and, when expressed in Pichia pastoris, was found to encode an enzyme that could cleave high mannose oligosaccharides, oligosaccharides isolated from alpha-mannosidosis fibroblasts, and p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside substrates. In addition, the Pichia-expressed enzyme was inhibited by swainsonine, and had a pH optimum, Km, and Vmax characteristic of the enzyme purified previously from human liver. The second, larger RT-PCR product (3.6 kb) was found to contain an insertion and a deletion relative to the 3-kb spleen amplimer and encoded a truncated coding region, indicating that it resulted from alternate transcript splicing. No alpha-mannosidase activity could be detected in Pichia transformants containing this coding region, indicating that it did not encode a functional enzyme. Antiserum raised to the recombinant product of the 3-kb alpha-mannosidase cDNA immunoprecipitated lysosomal alpha-mannosidase activity from human fibroblast extracts. Northern blots identified a 3-kb RNA transcript in all human tissues tested, including alpha-mannosidosis fibroblasts, while minor transcripts of 3.6 kb were also present in several adult tissues. Human chromosome mapping of the mannosidase gene confirmed that the functional gene maps to the MANB locus on chromosome 19. Sequence comparisons were made to previously published human cDNA sequences encoding a putative lysosomal alpha-mannosidase (Nebes, V. L., and Schmidt, M. C. (1994) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 200, 239-245) and several differences were found relative to the functional lysosomal alpha-mannosidase encoded by the 3-kb spleen cDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Liao
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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37
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Misago M, Liao YF, Kudo S, Eto S, Mattei MG, Moremen KW, Fukuda MN. Molecular cloning and expression of cDNAs encoding human alpha-mannosidase II and a previously unrecognized alpha-mannosidase IIx isozyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:11766-70. [PMID: 8524845 PMCID: PMC40483 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.25.11766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi alpha-mannosidase II (alpha-MII) is an enzyme involved in the processing of N-linked glycans. Using a previously isolated murine cDNA clone as a probe, we have isolated cDNA clones encompassing the human alpha-MII cDNA open reading frame and initiated isolation of human genomic clones. During the isolation of genomic clones, genes related to that encoding alpha-MII were isolated. One such gene was found to encode an isozyme, designated alpha-MIIx. A 5-kb cDNA clone encoding alpha-MIIx was then isolated from a human melanoma cDNA library. However, comparison between alpha-MIIx and alpha-MII cDNAs suggested that the cloned cDNA encodes a truncated polypeptide with 796 amino acid residues, while alpha-MII consists of 1144 amino acid residues. To reevaluate the sequence of alpha-MIIx cDNA, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with lymphocyte mRNAs. Comparison of the sequence of PCR products with the alpha-MIIx genomic sequence revealed that alternative splicing of the alpha-MIIx transcript can result in an additional transcript encoding a 1139-amino acid polypeptide. Northern analysis showed transcription of alpha-MIIx in various tissues, suggesting that the alpha-MIIx gene is a housekeeping gene. COS cells transfected with alpha-MIIx cDNA containing the full-length open reading frame showed an increase of alpha-mannosidase activity. The alpha-MIIx gene was mapped to human chromosome 15q25, whereas the alpha-MII gene was mapped to 5q21-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Misago
- Glycobiology Program, La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, CA 92037, USA
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38
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Abstract
Over a 2-year period we have identified pollen grains from 48 families of grasses, as well as mould spores and mite particles during air sampling in Guangxi Province. The major aeroallergens were Artemisia, Moraceae and Euophoribiacea, and the spores of Aspergillus, Penicillinum, Cephalosporium and Helminthosporium. Mites were probably also one of the major outdoor aeroallergens. Our investigations also included inspection of the vegetation of the geographical area involved, as well as skin testing on 774 subjects using extracts of 37 aeroallergens. We believe that this work has provided fundamental information on seasonal allergy in Southern China and South-east Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chen
- Guangxi Medical College, China
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39
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Wang CJ, Liu YL, Li YQ, Luo DY, Xu PL, Xiao SH, Liao YF, He L. [Studies on the antitumor activity of mitoxantrone in animals]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 1987; 18:235-7. [PMID: 3679174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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40
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Xu PL, Xiao SH, Liao YF. [The study of the synthesis of the antineoplastic agent DHAQ]. Sichuan Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1985; 16:105-8. [PMID: 3837356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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41
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Sheen IS, Liao YF, Chu CM, Chen TJ. [Subacute hepatic failure]. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1984; 83:1268-73. [PMID: 6597856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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42
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Sung JL, Sekine T, Lin TM, Nishioka K, Mayumi M, Liao YF, Liu CH. Hepatitis-associated antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1972; 71:505-8. [PMID: 4343305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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