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Ho Y, Wong O, Yuan J, Zhou Y, Cheung K, Yu S. OC-0712: Improvement of respiratory motion monitoring using SENSE and Compressed SENSE for MRguided RT. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Ho Y, Small W, Refaat T, Wesolowski M, Thomas T. Impact of Race and Health Insurance Status on the Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tse D, Lee K, Lau V, Ho Y, Tso W, Chu F. Abstract No. 628 Percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilation of biliary anastomotic strictures following living donor liver transplant: review of 9-year experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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4
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Yang B, Wong R, Ho Y, Geng H, Lam W, Cheung K, Yu S. SU-G-BRB-13: Precision QA Measurement of Gantry Angle and Speed in Tomotherapy Using ArcCheck. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ho Y, Perraudin M, Cordonnier-Jourdin C, Roudot-Thoraval F, Hezode C, Astier A, Paul M. CP-175 The value added by the pharmacist : Drug-drug interactions analysis in multidisciplinary meeting for hepatitis c. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2016-000875.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kong C, Yu B, Lo S, Ho J, Cheung K, Leung T, Geng H, Ho Y, Lam W, Wong W. Amplitude Restricted RPM Technique for Lung Cancer Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Ho Y, Brooks A, Dunbar P. IL-2 withdrawal from human CD8+ T cell expansion in the presence of IL-7 enables retention of favorable functional and phenotypic characteristics for adoptive immunotherapy (165.2). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.165.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Viral infection and reactivation of latent viruses are major causes of mortality and morbidity following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Adoptive immunotherapy with CD8+ T cells has proven efficacy in preventing or treating post-transplant viral infection, including therapy with resting T cells that undergo homeostatic expansion in vivo that follows transplantation. However T cells continuously expanded in vitro in IL-2 lose many characteristics associated with efficacy in vivo, and most IL-2-expanded cells die soon after infusion. Here we describe an alternative expansion protocol for human CD8+ T cells that only exposes the cells briefly to IL-2. Survival of the cells after IL-2 withdrawal relies on the continuous presence of IL-7, and the cells eventually come to rest in the cultures. In this system, timed exposure of naïve CD8+ T cells to IL-12 and IL-21 generates memory cells with competent effector functions upon rechallenge, specifically strong production of IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2. The memory cells generated also have acquired a favourable phenotype associated with early differentiation status by both cell surface markers (CCR7, CD62L, CD27 and CD28) and transcription factors (eg Tcf-1). Although our system has been piloted on the expansion of naïve CD8+ T cells, we propose that this alternative protocol could be used to generate resting antigen-specific memory cells with improved efficacy in preventing or treating viral disease in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ho
- 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- 2The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Brooks
- 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- 2The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P. Dunbar
- 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- 2The Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Nicolau SA, Vemuri A, Wu HS, Huang MH, Ho Y, Charnoz A, Hostettler A, Forest C, Soler L, Marescaux J. A cost effective simulator for education of ultrasound image interpretation and probe manipulation. Stud Health Technol Inform 2011; 163:403-407. [PMID: 21335829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonography is the lowest cost no risk medical imaging technique. However, reading an ultrasonographic (US) image as well as performing a good US probe positioning remain difficult tasks. Education in this domain is today performed on patients, thus limiting it to the most common cases. In this paper, we present a cost effective simulator that allows US image practice and realistic probe manipulation from CT data. More precisely, we tackle the issue of providing a realistic interface for the probe manipulation with a basic haptic feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Nicolau
- IRCAD Taiwan, Medical Imaging Team, 1-6 Lugong Road, Lukang 505, Taiwan.
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Chan MK, Chan JM, Ang P, Lee W, Ho Y, Ho G, Lee AS. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutational spectrum of an Asian population. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Shang L, Thirunarayanan N, Viejo-Borbolla A, Martin AP, Bogunovic M, Marchesi F, Unkeless JC, Ho Y, Furtado GC, Alcami A, Merad M, Mayer L, Lira SA. Expression of the chemokine binding protein M3 promotes marked changes in the accumulation of specific leukocytes subsets within the intestine. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:1006-18, 1018.e1-3. [PMID: 19501588 PMCID: PMC2736321 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chemokines are small proteins that direct leukocyte trafficking under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. We analyzed the differential expression of chemokines in distinct segments of the intestine and investigated the importance of chemokines for the distribution of leukocytes in the intestine during homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. METHODS We analyzed messenger RNA for all known chemokines in different segments of the gut by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. To study the effect of multiple-chemokine blockade in the gut, we generated transgenic mice that expressed the chemokine binding protein M3 in the intestine (V-M3 mice). We used flow cytometry to evaluate the changes in the numbers of leukocytes. RESULTS We observed distinct chemokine expression profiles in the 6 segments of the gut. Some chemokines were expressed throughout the intestine (CCL28, CCL6, CXCL16, and CX3CL1), whereas others were expressed preferentially in the small (CCL25 and CCL5) or large intestine (CCL19, CCL21, and CXCL5). Expression of the chemokine blocker M3 in intestinal epithelial cells resulted in reduced numbers of B and T cells in Peyer's patches, reduced numbers of intraepithelial CD8alphabeta(+)/TCRalphabeta(+) and CD8alphaalpha(+)/TCRalphabeta(+) T cells, and reduced numbers of lamina propria CD8(+) T cells. Strikingly, M3 expression markedly reduced the number of eosinophils and macrophages in the small and large intestines. Dextran sulfate sodium treatment of control mice led to marked changes in the expression of chemokines and in the number of myeloid cells in the colon. These cellular changes were significantly attenuated in the presence of M3. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a complex pattern of chemokine expression in the intestine and indicates that chemokines are critical for leukocyte accumulation in the intestine during homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Shang
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | | | - Abel Viejo-Borbolla
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Andrea P. Martin
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | | | - Federica Marchesi
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jay C. Unkeless
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Yin Ho
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Glaucia C. Furtado
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Antonio Alcami
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miriam Merad
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Lloyd Mayer
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Sergio A. Lira
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
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Siqueira A, Higashino H, Siciliano R, Ho Y, Macêdo T, França F, Strabelli T. 125 ACUTE ENDOCARDITIS DUE TO PASTEURELLA SPP. IN AORTIC PROSTHESIS: CASE REPORT. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Nair M, Mark R, Anderson P, White M, Ho Y, Banwo B, Nair S. SU-FF-T-78: High Dose Rate Interstitial Brachytherapy (HDRIB) for Localized Breast Cancer: New Plan Evaluation Criteria. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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14
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Ho Y, Huang Y, Lin C, Chung C, Lin Y. Application of Radiofrequency Ablation of Renal VX2Tumors by Cooled-Tip Electrode in a Rabbit Model. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2009:1-1. [PMID: 19193521 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2008.2011853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study has two purposes: (a) to compare the use of tumor cell suspensions and excised tumor tissue for generating renal tumors suitable for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) studies and (b) to assess the efficacy of RFA for ablation of renal VX2 tumors in a rabbit model. Procedures. VX2 tumor masses were used to inoculate 17 rabbits. The renal VX2 tumors of 13 rabbits were subsequently treated with a cooled-tip RF system at a power of 15-30 W for 3-6 minutes, and 4 rabbits served as control. After RFA, rabbits were observed by contrast-enhanced CT to ascertain the ablative range. Rabbits were divided into three groups and sacrificed at 3, 7, and 14 days post-treatment for histopathological studies. Results. Both tumor implant methods had a 100% success rate in generating tumors. The average lesion produced was 1.3x1.8x1.5 cm. Complete tumor ablation occurred in 76.9%, and local tumor growth in 23.1%. Depending on the position of the tumors, the complications after RFA treatment included infarction, perirenal hematoma, hydronephrosis, and abscess. The over-all complication rate was 38.5%. In histopathological studies, a central needle track, tumor coagulation, renal tissue coagulation, peripheral hemorrhage, and an inflammatory layer could be observed. Conclusion and clinical relevance. Application of RFA to destroy renal VX2 tumors in this rabbit model has a relatively high cure rate. It can be used to destroy small renal tumors in a precise and non-invasive manner. Impact on human medicine. We hope to apply this procedure in selected human renal tumors in the future.
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Li W, Chiu L, Lam W, Wong W, Chan Y, Ho Y, Wong E, Wong Y, Ooi V. Ethyl acetate extract of Chinese medicinal herb Sarcandra glabra induces growth inhibition on human leukemic HL-60 cells, associated with cell cycle arrest and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Oncol Rep 2007. [DOI: 10.3892/or.17.2.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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16
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Lakshman N, Chang R, Ho Y. Laparoscopic combined rectal anterior resection and total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Tech Coloproctol 2006; 10:350-2. [PMID: 17115309 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-006-0307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pelvic conditions involving both the colorectum and gynaecological organs are traditionally treated by laparotomy. We report two cases of colorectal cancer and one of endometriosis treated by laparoscopic anterior resection and total hysterectomy bilateral salpingooophorectomy (LapAR & THBSO), at the same session. There have been no previously reported cases of the feasibility of such combined procedures, safely performed. Our results confirm that LapAR & THBSO is feasible and offers the advantages of a laparoscopic procedure in the hands of a well trained laparoscopic colorectal surgeon and gynaecologist working together.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lakshman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Michael DG, Adamson P, Alexopoulos T, Allison WWM, Alner GJ, Anderson K, Andreopoulos C, Andrews M, Andrews R, Arms KE, Armstrong R, Arroyo C, Auty DJ, Avvakumov S, Ayres DS, Baller B, Barish B, Barker MA, Barnes PD, Barr G, Barrett WL, Beall E, Becker BR, Belias A, Bergfeld T, Bernstein RH, Bhattacharya D, Bishai M, Blake A, Bocean V, Bock B, Bock GJ, Boehm J, Boehnlein DJ, Bogert D, Border PM, Bower C, Boyd S, Buckley-Geer E, Bungau C, Byon-Wagner A, Cabrera A, Chapman JD, Chase TR, Cherdack D, Chernichenko SK, Childress S, Choudhary BC, Cobb JH, Cossairt JD, Courant H, Crane DA, Culling AJ, Dawson JW, de Jong JK, DeMuth DM, De Santo A, Dierckxsens M, Diwan MV, Dorman M, Drake G, Drakoulakos D, Ducar R, Durkin T, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Evans JJ, Fackler OD, Falk Harris E, Feldman GJ, Felt N, Fields TH, Ford R, Frohne MV, Gallagher HR, Gebhard M, Giurgiu GA, Godley A, Gogos J, Goodman MC, Gornushkin Y, Gouffon P, Gran R, Grashorn E, Grossman N, Grudzinski JJ, Grzelak K, Guarino V, Habig A, Halsall R, Hanson J, Harris D, Harris PG, Hartnell J, Hartouni EP, Hatcher R, Heller K, Hill N, Ho Y, Holin A, Howcroft C, Hylen J, Ignatenko M, Indurthy D, Irwin GM, Ishitsuka M, Jaffe DE, James C, Jenner L, Jensen D, Joffe-Minor T, Kafka T, Kang HJ, Kasahara SMS, Kilmer J, Kim H, Kim MS, Koizumi G, Kopp S, Kordosky M, Koskinen DJ, Kostin M, Kotelnikov SK, Krakauer DA, Kreymer A, Kumaratunga S, Ladran AS, Lang K, Laughton C, Lebedev A, Lee R, Lee WY, Libkind MA, Ling J, Liu J, Litchfield PJ, Litchfield RP, Longley NP, Lucas P, Luebke W, Madani S, Maher E, Makeev V, Mann WA, Marchionni A, Marino AD, Marshak ML, Marshall JS, Mayer N, McDonald J, McGowan AM, Meier JR, Merzon GI, Messier MD, Milburn RH, Miller JL, Miller WH, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Miyagawa PS, Moore CD, Morfín J, Morse R, Mualem L, Mufson S, Murgia S, Murtagh MJ, Musser J, Naples D, Nelson C, Nelson JK, Newman HB, Nezrick F, Nichol RJ, Nicholls TC, Ochoa-Ricoux JP, Oliver J, Oliver WP, Onuchin VA, Osiecki T, Ospanov R, Paley J, Paolone V, Para A, Patzak T, Pavlović Z, Pearce GF, Pearson N, Peck CW, Perry C, Peterson EA, Petyt DA, Ping H, Piteira R, Pittam R, Pla-Dalmau A, Plunkett RK, Price LE, Proga M, Pushka DR, Rahman D, Rameika RA, Raufer TM, Read AL, Rebel B, Reichenbacher J, Reyna DE, Rosenfeld C, Rubin HA, Ruddick K, Ryabov VA, Saakyan R, Sanchez MC, Saoulidou N, Schneps J, Schoessow PV, Schreiner P, Schwienhorst R, Semenov VK, Seun SM, Shanahan P, Shield PD, Smart W, Smirnitsky V, Smith C, Smith PN, Sousa A, Speakman B, Stamoulis P, Stefanik A, Sullivan P, Swan JM, Symes PA, Tagg N, Talaga RL, Terekhov A, Tetteh-Lartey E, Thomas J, Thompson J, Thomson MA, Thron JL, Tinti G, Trendler R, Trevor J, Trostin I, Tsarev VA, Tzanakos G, Urheim J, Vahle P, Vakili M, Vaziri K, Velissaris C, Verebryusov V, Viren B, Wai L, Ward CP, Ward DR, Watabe M, Weber A, Webb RC, Wehmann A, West N, White C, White RF, Wojcicki SG, Wright DM, Wu QK, Yan WG, Yang T, Yumiceva FX, Yun JC, Zheng H, Zois M, Zwaska R. Observation of muon neutrino disappearance with the MINOS detectors in the NuMI neutrino beam. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:191801. [PMID: 17155614 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.191801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports results from the MINOS experiment based on its initial exposure to neutrinos from the Fermilab NuMI beam. The rates and energy spectra of charged current nu(mu) interactions are compared in two detectors located along the beam axis at distances of 1 and 735 km. With 1.27 x 10(20) 120 GeV protons incident on the NuMI target, 215 events with energies below 30 GeV are observed at the Far Detector, compared to an expectation of 336+/-14 events. The data are consistent with nu(mu) disappearance via oscillations with |Delta(m)2/32|=2.74 +0.44/-0.26 x10(-3)eV(2) and sin(2)(2theta(23))>0.87 (68% C.L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Michael
- Lauritsen Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Newman S, Day J, Ho Y, Kasprzyk P, Leese M, Potter B, Reed M, Purohit A. 630 POSTER Inhibition of prostate xenograft growth by two novel orally bioavailable microtubule disruptors. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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19
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Robinson G, Ho Y, Finlay K, Friedman L, Harish S. Normal anatomy and common labral lesions at MR arthrography of the shoulder. Clin Radiol 2006; 61:805-21. [PMID: 16978976 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Revised: 05/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
MR arthrography of the shoulder is the most accurate imaging modality in demonstrating abnormalities of the glenoid labrum and associated structures. Tears of the labrum, the capsule or the gleno-humeral ligaments can lead to pain, catching, popping or instability. The anatomy of this region is complex. We present the normal anatomy of the glenoid labrum, biceps anchor and gleno-humeral ligaments together with their normal variants and then describe common labral-ligamentous pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Robinson
- Radiology Department, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK.
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Sieo C, Abdullah N, Tan W, Ho Y. In vivo study on the persistence of transformed
β-glucanase-producing Lactobacillus strains in the
gastrointestinal tract of chickens. J Anim Feed Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/66898/2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Alejo A, Ruiz-Argüello MB, Ho Y, Smith VP, Saraiva M, Alcami A. A chemokine-binding domain in the tumor necrosis factor receptor from variola (smallpox) virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:5995-6000. [PMID: 16581912 PMCID: PMC1458686 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0510462103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Variola virus (VaV) is the causative agent of smallpox, one of the most devastating diseases encountered by man, that was eradicated in 1980. The deliberate release of VaV would have catastrophic consequences on global public health. However, the mechanisms that contribute to smallpox pathogenesis are poorly understood at the molecular level. The ability of viruses to evade the host defense mechanisms is an important determinant of viral pathogenesis. Here we show that the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) homologue CrmB encoded by VaV functions not only as a soluble decoy TNFR but also as a highly specific binding protein for several chemokines that mediate recruitment of immune cells to mucosal surfaces and the skin, sites of virus entry and viral replication at late stages of smallpox. CrmB binds chemokines through its C-terminal domain, which is unrelated to TNFRs, was named smallpox virus-encoded chemokine receptor (SECRET) domain and uncovers a family of poxvirus chemokine inhibitors. An active SECRET domain was found in another viral TNFR (CrmD) and three secreted proteins encoded by orthopoxviruses. These findings identify a previously undescribed chemokine-binding and inhibitory domain unrelated to host chemokine receptors and a mechanism of immune modulation in VaV that may influence smallpox pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alí Alejo
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - M. Begoña Ruiz-Argüello
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yin Ho
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent P. Smith
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Alcami
- *Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; and
- **To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Kalavathy R, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S, Wong C, Ho Y. Effects of Lactobacillus cultures on performance and
egg quality during the early laying period of hens. J Anim Feed Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/67121/2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chiu-Tsao S, Ho Y, Shasha D, Harrison L. SU-FF-T-259: Use of Radiochromic Films for I-125 Seed Dosimetry In Solid Water. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1997988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
In this study, two homology models (denoted as MproST and MproSH) of main proteinase (Mpro) from the novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) were constructed based on the crystal structures of Mpro from transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) (MproT) and human coronavirus HcoV-229E (MproH), respectively. Both MproST and MproSH exhibit similar folds as their respective template proteins. These homology models reveal three distinct functional domains as well as an intervening loop connecting domains II and III as found in both template proteins. A catalytic cleft containing the substrate binding sites S1 and S2 between domains I and II are also observed. S2 undergoes more significant structural fluctuation than S1 during the 400 ps molecular dynamics simulations because it is located at the open mouth of the catalytic cleft, while S1 is situated in the very bottom of this cleft. The thermal unfolding of these proteins begins at domain III, where the structure is least conserved among these proteins. Mpro may still maintain its proteolytic activity while it is partially unfolded. The electrostatic interaction between Arg40 and Asp186 plays an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of both S1 and S2.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, 1 Section 3 Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10608.
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Ho Y, Newman S, Purohit A, Leese M, Potter B, Reed M. 226 Sulphamoylated 2-substituted oestrogens induce apoptosis through G2-M checkpoint arrest. EJC Suppl 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(04)80234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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George D, Oh W, Gilligan T, Masson E, Souppart C, Wang Y, Ho Y, Lebwohl D, Laurent D, Kantoff P. Phase I study of the novel, oral angiogenesis inhibitor PTK787/ZK 222584 (PTK/ZK): Evaluating the pharmacokinetic effect of a high-fat meal in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. George
- Duke University, Durham, NC; Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Oh
- Duke University, Durham, NC; Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Gilligan
- Duke University, Durham, NC; Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Masson
- Duke University, Durham, NC; Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Souppart
- Duke University, Durham, NC; Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y. Wang
- Duke University, Durham, NC; Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y. Ho
- Duke University, Durham, NC; Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Lebwohl
- Duke University, Durham, NC; Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Laurent
- Duke University, Durham, NC; Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Kantoff
- Duke University, Durham, NC; Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany
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Purohit A, Woo LWL, Chander SK, Newman SP, Ireson C, Ho Y, Grasso A, Leese MP, Potter BVL, Reed MJ. Steroid sulphatase inhibitors for breast cancer therapy. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 86:423-32. [PMID: 14623540 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to aromatase inhibitors, which are now in clinical use, the development of steroid sulphatase (STS) inhibitors for breast cancer therapy is still at an early stage. STS regulates the formation of oestrone from oestrone sulphate (E1S) but also controls the hydrolysis of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S). DHEA can be reduced to 5-androstenediol (Adiol), a steroid with potent oestrogenic properties. The active pharmacophore for potent STS inhibitors has now been identified, i.e. a sulphamate ester group linked to an aryl ring. This has led to the development of a number of STS inhibitors, some of which are due to enter Phase I trials in the near future. Such first generation inhibitors include the tricyclic coumarin-based 667 COUMATE. Aryl sulphamates, such as 667 COUMATE, are taken up by red blood cells (rbc), binding to carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), and transit the liver without undergoing first-pass inactivation. 667 COUMATE is also a potent inhibitor of CA II activity with an IC50 of 17 nM. Second generation STS inhibitors, such as 2-methoxyoestradiol bis-sulphamate (2-MeOE2bisMATE), in addition to inhibiting STS activity, also inhibit the growth of oestrogen receptor negative (ER-) tumours in mice and are anti-angiogenic. As the active pharmacaphores for the inhibition of aromatase and STS are now known it may be possible to develop third generation inhibitors that are capable of inhibiting the activities of both enzymes. Whilst exploring the potential of such a strategy it was discovered that 667 COUMATE possessed weak aromatase inhibitory properties with an IC50 of 300 nM in JEG-3 cells. The identification of potent STS inhibitors will allow the therapeutic potential of this new class of drug to be explored in post-menopausal women with hormone-dependent breast cancer. Second generation inhibitors, such as 2-MeOE2bisMATE, which also inhibit the growth of ER- tumours should be active against a wide range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Purohit
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK.
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Bond AM, Colton R, Ho Y, Moir JE, Page DR, Stott R. Characterization of pentakis(dithiocarbamato)dicobalt(III) complexes, [Co2(RR'dtc)5]+, and related complexes in dichloromethane using electrochemical and cobalt-59 NMR techniques. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00219a041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anderson KM, Alrefai WA, Anderson CA, Ho Y, Jadko S, Ou D, Wu YB, Harris JE. A response of Panc-1 cells to cis-platinum, assessed with a cDNA array. Anticancer Res 2002; 22:75-81. [PMID: 12017337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The problem posed by the lack of response of cells in most solid cancers to current chemotherapy generally remains intractable. MATERIALS AND METHODS The use of cDNA arrays represents one global approach to identifying reasons for this failure. A messenger RNA response of pancreatic cancer (Panc-1) cells after culture for 24 hours with 12 microM cis-platinum was analyzed with a commercial cDNA array. RESULTS Major drug-induced events included inhibition of messenger RNAs associated with cell proliferation and up-regulation of generally countervailing DNA repair, cellular stress, heat shock protein, glutathione stress-related and multiple drug resistance enzyme messenger RNAs, accompanied by a limited programmed cell death response. CONCLUSION Induction of widespread normal stress-induced countervailing mRNAs by comparatively non-selective agents such as cis-platinum strongly biases against a successful therapeutic outcome. This paradoxical result of a therapeutic intent provides a further compelling argument for the use of specifically-targeted therapy such as growth factor receptor, tyrosine kinase and other discretely focused agents, probably employed in combinations based on expression of their targets in an individual patient's cancer, as identified by cDNA or proteonomic arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Bhasin N, Ho Y, Wetzler LM. Neisseria meningitidis lipopolysaccharide modulates the specific humoral immune response to neisserial porins but has no effect on porin-induced upregulation of costimulatory ligand B7-2. Infect Immun 2001; 69:5031-6. [PMID: 11447183 PMCID: PMC98597 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.8.5031-5036.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the specific humoral response to meningococcal porins was investigated by measuring anti-PorA or -PorB antibody levels in mice immunized with wild-type meningococcal strain H44/76 or with its recently described LPS-negative mutant. Two murine strains were used for these immunizations: C3H/HeJ, which is LPS hyporesponsive, or C3H/HeOuJ, which is LPS responsive. A high level of anti-PorB immunoglobulin G (IgG) response was induced in both strains of mice immunized with either organism. The response induced by the wild-type strain was greater in C3H/HeOuJ mice than in C3H/HeJ mice, while the response induced by the LPS-negative mutant was similar in the two murine strains. Additionally, the anti-PorB response was similar in C3H/HeJ mice immunized with either bacterial strain. In general, the anti-PorA IgG response was lower than the anti-PorB response. These findings indicate that the presence of LPS is not essential for the induction of an antineisserial porin humoral response but can augment such a response. To determine whether LPS has any effect on the B-cell-stimulatory effect of neisserial porins (essential for the adjuvant activity of neisserial porins), B cells from both murine strains were incubated with outer membrane complexes (OMCs) prepared from strain H44/76 and its LPS-negative mutant. OMCs from either meningococcal strain were able to increase the surface expression of the costimulatory ligand B7-2 on B cells from either murine strain. Consistent with previously reported findings, LPS does not significantly affect the ability of neisserial porins to induce the costimulatory ligand B7-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhasin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine and Evans Biomedical Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Abstract
Olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) transects the glutamatergic efferents from the olfactory bulbs, and the changes of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated function are though to be involved in the behavioral deficits seen in OBX rats. In the present study, irritability scores in OBX male Wistar rats were correlated with discrete regional effects on NMDA receptor function measured using a [3H] MK-801 binding assay. Irritability scores, measured before and for 2 weeks after OBX, showed a gradual increase in irritability after OBX. A reduction of the NMDA receptor density was observed in the cerebral cortex and amygdala 16 days after OBX, but not in the striatum, olfactory tubercle, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus. These results demonstrate that OBX causes changes in the NMDA receptor system in certain brain regions and suggest that these changes may be responsible for the behavioral deficits of OBX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
Members in the superfamily of the forkhead/winged-helix transcription factors are known to play a critical role in the control of cell differentiation and tissue development. To understand the regulation and function of these genes, we have initially isolated and characterized the mouse Foxf1a gene, a novel forkhead gene predominantly expressed in the lung. The mouse gene consists of two exons with the forkhead domain contained in exon 1, and is located at band E1 on chromosome 8. Amino acid sequence of the mouse protein shares a high degree of homology to that of the corresponding human protein. The tissue specificity of expression of the mouse gene also resembles that found in the human gene. This gene is primarily expressed in the lung, and to a lesser extent in placenta and tissues in gastrointestinal tract. The transcription start site was mapped to 113 nucleotides upstream from the putative translation initiation site. The promoter of the mouse gene is highly GC rich and contains neither a CAAT nor a TATA box. A series of luciferase report constructs driven by the promoter and various deletions in the 5' flanking region of the gene were constructed and employed in transient transfection studies using a line of SV40 transformed mouse lymph node endothelial cells (SVEC4-10), which express the endogenous Foxf1a gene, and a line of mouse hepatoma cells (Hepa 1-6), in which Foxf1a is not expressed. To our surprise, these reporter genes are equally active in both cell lines. Further studies have shown that the proximal 5' flanking sequence and exon 1 of the endogenous gene are highly methylated in Hepa 1-6 cells but not in SVEC4-10 cells, suggesting that DNA methylation but not cell-specific transcription factor(s) regulates cell specificity of gene expression in these cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V W Chang
- Institute of Chemical Toxicology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Chen Z, Oberley TD, Ho Y, Chua CC, Siu B, Hamdy RC, Epstein CJ, Chua BH. Overexpression of CuZnSOD in coronary vascular cells attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 29:589-96. [PMID: 11033410 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase scavenges oxygen radicals, which have been implicated in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart. Our experiments were designed to study the effect of a moderate increase of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) on myocardial I/R injury in TgN(SOD1)3Cje transgenic mice. A species of 0.8 kb human CuZnSOD mRNA was expressed, and a 273% increase in CuZnSOD activity was detected in the hearts of transgenic mice with no changes in the activities of other antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, immunoblot analysis revealed no changes in the levels of HSP-70 or HSP-25 levels. Immunocytochemical study indicated that there was increased labeling of CuZnSOD in the cytosolic fractions of both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, but not in the myocytes of the hearts from transgenic mice. When these hearts were perfused as Langendorff preparations for 45 min after 35 min of global ischemia, the functional recovery of the hearts, expressed as heart rate x LVDP, was 48 +/- 3% in the transgenic hearts as compared to 30 +/- 5% in the nontransgenic hearts (p <.05). The improved cardiac function was accompanied by a significant reduction in lactate dehydrogenase release from the transgenic hearts. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of CuZnSOD in coronary vascular cells renders the heart more resistant to I/R injury.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Catalase/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/enzymology
- Coronary Vessels/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
- Glutathione Reductase/metabolism
- HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/analysis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Chaperones
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Myocardium/enzymology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Superoxide Dismutase/genetics
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- The Cecile Cox Quillen Laboratory of Geriatrics, James H. Quillen School of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
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Abstract
Neisserial porins are strong immune adjuvants and B cell activators. The effect of neisserial porin PorB on activation-induced cell death was investigated, as a potential additional mechanism of the porin's immunopotentiating ability. Neisserial porins interact with target cells to localize intracellularly in the mitochondrial compartment without negatively affecting cellular survival. Pretreatment with Neisseria meningitidis PorB porin decreased or abrogated the mitochondrial damage induced by apoptotic stimuli. In addition, end stage determinants of apoptosis, including DNA breakdown, were diminished by PorB. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that PorB interacts with the mitochondrial porin VDAC (voltage-dependent anion channel). The mechanism of the antiapoptotic effect of neisserial porins could be explained by the protein-protein interaction of PorB with VDAC, similar to the interaction of VDAC with antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, resulting in an enhancement of cell survival and continued activation of B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Massari
- Evans Biomedical Research Center, 650 Albany Street, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Abstract
Chaperone-like activity and structural changes of lens alpha-crystallin from rats fed with galactose at various time intervals have been studied using high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), circular dichroism (CD), and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence emission. It was found that chaperone-like activity of alpha-crystallin from galactose-fed rats toward dithiothreitol (DTT)-induced insulin B aggregation started to decrease after 3 weeks and decreased significantly after 5 weeks. Consistent results were observed in lens morphology, and lens opacity slightly developed after 3 weeks and became obvious after 5 weeks. HPLC analysis for chaperone function showed that the formation of high molecular weight aggregates (HMWA) of alpha-/gamma-crystallins decreases with the increase of galactose-feeding time, revealing that chaperone-like activity is concomitant with the formation of HMWA. Circular dichroism results showed the reduction of beta-sheet structure and loss of microenvironment of aromatic-type amino acids for opaque lenses, indicating alpha-crystallin's secondary and tertiary structure changed with the development of the lens opacity. ANS binding site estimated by Klotz equation showed it is 1.5 times higher at room temperature and is 2.4 times higher at 58 degrees C for age-matched normal alpha-crystallin than for 5-week galactose-fed lens alpha-crystallin, indicating opaque lens alpha-crystallin loses the ability to assemble into an appropriately placed hydrophobic regions. The overall results accordingly indicated that galactose-induced cataractous alpha-crystallin has disordered structure, leading to the loss of its chaperone-like activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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Abu-Zayyad T, Belov K, Bird DJ, Boyer J, Cao Z, Catanese M, Chen GF, Clay RW, Covault CE, Cronin JW, Dai HY, Dawson BR, Elbert JW, Fick BE, Fortson LF, Fowler JW, Gibbs KG, Glasmacher MA, Green KD, Ho Y, Huang A, Jui CC, Kidd MJ, Kieda DB, Knapp BC, Ko S. Evidence for changing of cosmic ray composition between 10(17) and 10(18) eV from multicomponent measurements. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:4276-4279. [PMID: 10990665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.4276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/1999] [Revised: 02/04/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The average mass composition of cosmic rays with primary energies between 10(17) and 10(18) eV has been studied using a hybrid detector consisting of the High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) prototype and the MIA muon array. Measurements have been made of the change in the depth of shower maximum and the muon density as a function of energy. The results show that the composition is changing from a heavy to lighter mix as the energy increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Abu-Zayyad
- High Energy Astrophysics Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Kao C, Hsieh J, Tsai S, Ho Y, Changlai S, Sun S, Lee J. Using technetium-99M dimercaptosuccinic acid renal cortex scintigraphy to differentiate acute pyelonephritis from other causes of fever in patients with spinal cord injury. Urology 2000; 55:658-62. [PMID: 10792074 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To differentiate acute pyelonephritis (APN) from fever due to other sources in patients with spinal cord injury by using technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal cortex scintigraphy (DMSA scan). METHODS A total of 24 patients with spinal cord injury were admitted with fever. DMSA scans were performed on all patients. The final determination of the cause of the fever was based on the medical history, physical examination, laboratory evaluation, and imaging studies. RESULTS DMSA scan accurately diagnosed APN in 12 patients with inflammation on the DMSA scan. In 5 patients with scarred lesions on the DMSA scans and in 7 patients with negative DMSA scan, the fever was attributed to other causes. The sensitivity and specificity of the DMSA scan for detecting APN were both 100%. CONCLUSIONS The DMSA scan is a valuable adjunct in the evaluation of fever in patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have identified cognitive tasks that can selectively activate specific parts of the brains. However, the subsequent effect of localized brain activation on the cognitive functioning remains unclear. We discovered that after being engaged in the novel picture encoding task to activate hippocampus for 2 min, individuals demonstrated better memory, but not motor function. Similarly, after performing the finger sequencing task to activate the primary motor cortex, individuals showed improvement in motor function, but not in memory. These double dissociation results suggest that when we selectively activate specific part of the brain, the cognitive function mediated by that particular region but not the others can consequently be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Ho Y, Jackson M, Yang Y, Mueller JG, Pritchard PH. Characterization of fluoranthene- and pyrene-degrading bacteria isolated from PAH-contaminated soils and sediments. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2000. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.jim.2900774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ho
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Vincent's Hospital, Victoria Parade, Australia
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Ho Y, Waring RB. The maturase encoded by a group I intron from Aspergillus nidulans stabilizes RNA tertiary structure and promotes rapid splicing. J Mol Biol 1999; 292:987-1001. [PMID: 10512698 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1999.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The AnCOB group I intron from Aspergillus nidulans self-splices, providing the Mg2+ concentration is >/= 15 mM. The splicing reaction is greatly stimulated by a maturase protein encoded within the intron itself. An initial structural and biochemical analysis of the splicing reaction has now been performed. The maturase bound rapidly to the precursor RNA (kon approximately 3 x 10(9) M(-1) min(-1)) and remained tightly bound (koff </= 0.04 min(-1)). The catalytic step of 5' splice-site cleavage occurred at a rate of up to 11 min(-1) under single turnover conditions. The maturase-assisted reaction of heat-denatured RNA proceeded at a rate of about 1 min(-1), arguing that there are early steps of folding that cannot be readily facilitated by the protein. pH analysis revealed a biphasic profile with a pKa of 7.0. The rate of the maturase-assisted reaction was independent of the Mg2+ concentration down to 3 mM. Self-splicing in optimal Mg2+ (>/= 150 mM) was tenfold slower, in part because of the existence of an equilibrium between folded and partially folded RNA. In contrast, the maturase very effectively stabilized tertiary structure in 5 mM Mg2+, a noticeable example being an interaction between the P8 helix and a GNRA sequence that constitutes the L2 terminal loop of the P2 helix. Formation of the 5' splice-site recognition helix was assisted by either the maturase or high concentrations of Mg2+. The maturase was required during splicing so it is not a true chaperone. However, RNase protection assays and kinetic studies suggest that the maturase recognizes and facilitates folding of an intron with limited tertiary structure and even incomplete secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ho
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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42
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Simpson SD, Ho Y, Rice PA, Wetzler LM. T lymphocyte response to Neisseria gonorrhoeae porin in individuals with mucosal gonococcal infections. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:762-73. [PMID: 10438365 DOI: 10.1086/314969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes from a majority of patients with urogenital gonococcal disease (67%-80%) proliferated on incubation with gonococcal porin (Por), compared with minimal induced proliferation of T lymphocytes from normal volunteers. A significant increase in Por-specific interleukin (IL)-4-producing CD4+ T helper lymphocytes was seen in patients with mucosal gonococcal disease and not in normal controls. Similar results were observed in CD8+ T lymphocytes from these patients. There was no measured increase in IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-gamma, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by T lymphocytes from infected subjects on incubation with Por. Concomitant increases in IL-4 production in T lymphocytes from infected subjects expressing the mucosal addresin VLAalpha4/beta7 on their surface were also observed on Por incubation, but the increases were similar in T lymphocytes that were VLAalpha4/beta7 negative. In conclusion, mucosal gonococcal disease can induce Por-specific circulating T lymphocytes with a Th2 phenotype, and a portion of these Por-specific T lymphocytes can potentially traffic to mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Simpson
- The Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachussetts 02118, USA
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Mackinnon FG, Ho Y, Blake MS, Michon F, Chandraker A, Sayegh MH, Wetzler LM. The role of B/T costimulatory signals in the immunopotentiating activity of neisserial porin. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:755-61. [PMID: 10438364 DOI: 10.1086/314966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A T cell-dependent immune response to group C meningococcal capsular polysaccharide (CPS) can be elicited when CPS is conjugated to the class 3 neisserial porin (CPS-porin). Treatment of CPS-porin-immunized mice with B7-2 blocking monoclonal antibody (MAb) caused a dramatic reduction in the CPS-specific IgG response, treatment with anti-B7-1 MAb had no effect, and concurrent blockade of B7-1 and B7-2 resulted in a synergistic abrogation of the CPS-specific IgG response while the CPS IgM response was unaffected. Anti-CD40L MAb treatment caused a significant reduction of both CPS-specific IgG and IgM levels. In contrast, blockade of CTLA4 interactions resulted in increases in both CPS IgG and IgM responses in CPS-porin-immunized mice. These data support the hypothesis that the ability of neisserial porins to improve the immune response to poorly immunogenic antigens (e.g., polysaccharides) is related to porin-induced increases in B7-2 expression on antigen-presenting cells and enhanced B/T cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Mackinnon
- Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Ho Y, Costanzo M, Moore L, Kobayashi R, Andrews BJ. Regulation of transcription at the Saccharomyces cerevisiae start transition by Stb1, a Swi6-binding protein. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:5267-78. [PMID: 10409718 PMCID: PMC84370 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.8.5267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, gene expression in the late G(1) phase is activated by two transcription factors, SBF and MBF. SBF contains the Swi4 and Swi6 proteins and activates the transcription of G(1) cyclin genes, cell wall biosynthesis genes, and the HO gene. MBF is composed of Mbp1 and Swi6 and activates the transcription of genes required for DNA synthesis. Mbp1 and Swi4 are the DNA binding subunits for MBF and SBF, while the common subunit, Swi6, is presumed to play a regulatory role in both complexes. We show that Stb1, a protein first identified in a two-hybrid screen with the transcriptional repressor Sin3, binds Swi6 in vitro. The STB1 transcript was cell cycle periodic and peaked in late G(1) phase. In vivo accumulation of Stb1 phosphoforms was dependent on CLN1, CLN2, and CLN3, which encode G(1)-specific cyclins for the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28, and Stb1 was phosphorylated by Cln-Cdc28 kinases in vitro. Deletion of STB1 caused an exacerbated delay in G(1) progression and the onset of Start transcription in a cln3Delta strain. Our results suggest a role for STB1 in controlling the timing of Start transcription that is revealed in the absence of the G(1) regulator CLN3, and they implicate Stb1 as an in vivo target of G(1)-specific cyclin-dependent kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ho
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
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Mounts AW, Kwong H, Izurieta HS, Ho Y, Au T, Lee M, Buxton Bridges C, Williams SW, Mak KH, Katz JM, Thompson WW, Cox NJ, Fukuda K. Case-control study of risk factors for avian influenza A (H5N1) disease, Hong Kong, 1997. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:505-8. [PMID: 10395870 DOI: 10.1086/314903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In May 1997, a 3-year-old boy in Hong Kong died of a respiratory illness related to influenza A (H5N1) virus infection, the first known human case of disease from this virus. An additional 17 cases followed in November and December. A case-control study of 15 of these patients hospitalized for influenza A (H5N1) disease was conducted using controls matched by age, sex, and neighborhood to determine risk factors for disease. Exposure to live poultry (by visiting either a retail poultry stall or a market selling live poultry) in the week before illness began was significantly associated with H5N1 disease (64% of cases vs. 29% of controls, odds ratio, 4.5, P=.045). By contrast, travel, eating or preparing poultry products, recent exposure to persons with respiratory illness, including persons with known influenza A (H5N1) infection, were not associated with H5N1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Mounts
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Division of Applied Public Health Training, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30033
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Abstract
The metabolic kinetics of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in rabbits was studied. PABA is predominantly metabolized by acetylation and glycine conjugation to form p-acetamidobenzoic acid (PAABA), p-aminohippuric acid (PAHA), and p-acetamidohippuric acid (PAAHA). After PABA IV administration (20 mg/kg) to rapid (n=16) and slow (n=8) acetylation rabbits, PABA was eliminated rapidly. The half-lives of PABA were 7.01+/-0.32 min in rapid acetylation rabbits and 7.08+/-0.78 min in slow acetylation rabbits. Significant differences were obtained in formation of PAABA and PAHA formed from PABA in both acetylation phenotype rabbits. The formation fraction of PAABA, formed by acetylation of PABA, was 0.8029+/-0.0267 in rapid acetylators and 0.2385+/-0.0428 in slow acetylators (p<0.001). PAHA formed from PABA was 0.0462+/-0.0102 in rapid acetylators and 0. 6652+/-0.0562 in slow acetylators (p<0.001). Only 0.0156+/-0.0030 of PABA could be detected as PAAHA in rapid acetylation rabbits which was obtained by acetylation of PAHA. After individual IV injection of PAHA, PAAHA, and PAABA to both phenotypes of rabbits, PAABA and PAAHA were eliminated in their unchanged forms whereas PAHA was further acetylated to form PAAHA. The formation fraction of PAAHA formed from the acetylation of PAHA was 0.4408+/-0.0570 in rapid acetylators and 0.0539+/-0.0084 in slow acetylators (p=0.002). From the results obtained, metabolic pathways of PABA show significant differences in both acetylation phenotypes of rabbits. Acetylation is the major metabolic route of PABA in rapid acetylation rabbits, while glycine conjugation is more predominant in slow acetylation rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical College, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11047, Taiwan
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Abstract
alpha-/gamma-Crystallin interactions under oxidation with ascorbate-FeCl3-EDTA-H2O2 followed by dialysis have been studied. A high-molecular-weight aggregate (HMWA) composed of alpha- and gamma-crystallin was observed for the mixture of the dialyzed alpha-crystallin and the oxidized gamma-crystallin through gel-filtration chromatography. This illustrates an interaction between alpha-crystallin and partially denatured gamma-crystallin induced by oxidation. No HMWA formation was observed under the condition without dialysis and/or with the addition of catalase to the oxidized gamma-crystallin prior to the addition of alpha-crystallin. More HMWA was formed by oxidized gamma-crystallin followed by the addition of alpha-crystallin than by simultaneous oxidation of both alpha- and gamma-crystallins. Conformational changes of alpha-crystallin during oxidation analyzed by circular dichroism spectra showed that oxidized alpha-crystallin can gradually be restored to an ordered structure through dialysis. The overall results imply that structural changes of both alpha- and gamma-crystallins and dialysis are required to form HMWA. The observation of this oxidatively induced chaperone/substrate complex suggests that an efficient chaperone-like protective action against oxidative insults may exist in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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Lee J, Colwill K, Aneliunas V, Tennyson C, Moore L, Ho Y, Andrews B. Interaction of yeast Rvs167 and Pho85 cyclin-dependent kinase complexes may link the cell cycle to the actin cytoskeleton. Curr Biol 1998; 8:1310-21. [PMID: 9843683 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(07)00561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND . PHO85 encodes the catalytic subunit of a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) in budding yeast and functions in phosphate and glycogen metabolism. Pho85 associated with the G1 cyclins Pcl1 and Pcl2 is also required for cell cycle progression in the absence of the Cdc28 cyclins Cln1 and Cln2. Loss of Pcl1, Pcl2 and related Pho85 cyclins results in budding defects, suggesting that Pcl-Pho85 complexes function in cell morphogenesis early in the cell cycle; their precise role is not clear, however. RESULTS . To identify targets for Pcl-Pho85 kinases, we performed yeast two-hybrid interaction screens using Pcl2 and the related cyclin Pcl9. We identified RVS167, a gene involved in endocytosis, organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and cell survival after starvation. Like rvs167Delta mutants, pho85 mutants or strains deleted for the Pcl1,2-type Pho85 cyclins showed abnormal cell morphology on starvation, sensitivity to salt, random budding in diploids, and defects in endocytosis and in the actin cytoskeleton. Overexpression of Rvs167 in wild-type cells caused morphological abnormalities and growth arrest at high temperatures; these phenotypes were exacerbated by deleting PHO85. Rvs167 has a Src homology 3 (SH3) domain and five potential Pho85 phosphorylation sites; recombinant Rvs167 was phosphorylated by the Pcl2-Pho85 kinase in vitro. Maximal phosphorylation of Rvs167 in vivo required Pho85 and the Pcl1,2-type cyclins. CONCLUSIONS . Rvs167 interacts with Pho85 cyclins and is implicated as a target of Pho85 kinases in vivo. Our results identify a connection between Cdks and the actin cytoskeleton; interaction of Rvs167 and Pcl-Pho85 Cdks might contribute to actin cytoskeleton regulation in response to stresses such as starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics University of Toronto Toronto Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ho
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Archambault J, Chambers RS, Kobor MS, Ho Y, Cartier M, Bolotin D, Andrews B, Kane CM, Greenblatt J. An essential component of a C-terminal domain phosphatase that interacts with transcription factor IIF in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:14300-5. [PMID: 9405607 PMCID: PMC24951 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the essential components of a phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II (RPII) large subunit C-terminal domain (CTD) is a novel polypeptide encoded by an essential gene termed FCP1. The Fcp1 protein is localized to the nucleus, and it binds the largest subunit of the yeast general transcription factor IIF (Tfg1). In vitro, transcription factor IIF stimulates phosphatase activity in the presence of Fcp1 and a second complementing fraction. Two distinct regions of Fcp1 are capable of binding to Tfg1, but the C-terminal Tfg1 binding domain is dispensable for activity in vivo and in vitro. Sequence comparison reveals that residues 173-357 of Fcp1 correspond to an amino acid motif present in proteins of unknown function predicted in many organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Archambault
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, 112 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L6
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