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Sayed AEDH, Emeish WFA, Bakry KA, Al-Amgad Z, Lee JS, Mansour S. Polystyrene nanoplastic and engine oil synergistically intensify toxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus : Polystyrene nanoplastic and engine oil toxicity in Nile tilapia. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:143. [PMID: 38622626 PMCID: PMC11020678 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene nanoplastic (PS-NPs) and Engine oil (EO) pose multiple ecotoxic effects with increasing threat to fish ecosystems. The current study investigated the toxicity of 15 days exposure to PS-NPs and / or EO to explore their combined synergistic effects on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus). Hematobiochemical parameters, proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress biomarkers as well as histological alterations were evaluated. The experimental design contained 120 acclimated Nile tilapia distributed into four groups, control, PS-NPs (5 mg/L), EO (1%) and their combination (PS-NPs + EO). After 15-days of exposure, blood and tissue samples were collected from all fish experimental groups. Results indicated that Nile tilapia exposed to PS-NPs and / or EO revealed a significant decrease in almost all the measured hematological parameters in comparison to the control, whereas WBCs and lymphocyte counts were significantly increased in the combined group only. Results clarified that the combined PS-NPs + EO group showed the maximum decrease in RBCs, Hb, MCH and MCHC, and showed the maximum significant rise in interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in comparison to all other exposed groups. Meanwhile, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) showed a significant (p < 0.05) decline only in the combination group, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) showed a significant decline in all exposed groups in comparison to the control. Both malondialdehyde (MDA) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed a significant elevation only in the combination group. Uric acid showed the maximum elevation in the combination group than all other groups, whereas creatinine showed significant elevation in the EO and combination group when compared to the control. Furthermore, the present experiment proved that exposure to these toxicants either individually or in combination is accompanied by pronounced histomorpholgical damage characterized by severe necrosis and hemorrhage of the vital organs of Nile tilapia, additionally extensively inflammatory conditions with leucocytes infiltration. We concluded that combination exposure to both PS-NPs and EO caused severe anemia, extreme inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation effects, thus they can synergize with each other to intensify toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | | | - Karima A Bakry
- Fish Diseases Department, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Al-Amgad
- General Authority for Veterinary Services, Qena Veterinary Directorate, Qena, Egypt
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Salwa Mansour
- Zoology Department, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Pajurek M, Mikolajczyk S, Warenik-Bany M. Engine oil from agricultural machinery as a source of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in free-range hens. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:29834-29843. [PMID: 36417073 PMCID: PMC9995527 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Free-range hens spend most of their lives outdoors, resulting in their heavy exposure to environmental pollutants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs), and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs). We present a case of contamination of free-range eggs that is previously unreported in the literature. The aim of our study was a source investigation after finding a high level of PCDD/Fs in samples of eggs from one of the inspected farms. Samples of hens' eggs, muscles, and livers and the feeds and soils were analyzed. The results showed that the soil samples taken from the paddock contained high concentrations of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs expressed as toxic equivalents (TEQ) (72.9 ± 18.2 pg WHO-TEQ g-1 dry mas (d.m.)) and a high concentration of NDL-PCBs (207 ± 46.9 ng g-1 d.m.). The investigation found that the cause of the soil contamination was oil leaking from the farm's tractor engine. The oil contained very high concentrations of PCDD/F and DL-PCBs (1013 ± 253 pg WHO-TEQ g-1 oil) and 5644 ng g-1 of NDL-PCBs. The source of the contamination was confirmed by the similarity of the PCDD/F and PCB profiles in the hen eggs and the soil contaminated by engine oil. The dietary intake of toxins resulting from consumption of the eggs is provided. For children, the consumption of contaminated eggs would result in an intake of double the tolerable weekly intake (TWI), while for adults, it would be approx. 60-70% of TWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pajurek
- Radiobiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, NRL for Halogenated POPs (PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDE) in Food and Feed, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Szczepan Mikolajczyk
- Radiobiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, NRL for Halogenated POPs (PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDE) in Food and Feed, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Warenik-Bany
- Radiobiology Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, NRL for Halogenated POPs (PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDE) in Food and Feed, 57 Partyzantów Avenue, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
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Seong H, Choi S, Zaluzec NJ, Lee S, Wu T, Shao H, Remias JE. Identification of engine oil-derived ash nanoparticles and ash formation process for a gasoline direct-injection engine. Environ Pollut 2021; 272:116390. [PMID: 33450641 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Engine oil-derived ash particles emitted from internal combustion (IC) engines are unwanted by-products, after oil is involved in in-cylinder combustion process. Since they typically come out together with particulate emissions, no detail has been reported about their early-stage particles other than agglomerated particles loaded on aftertreatment catalysts and filters. To better understand ash formation process during the combustion process, differently formulated engine oils were dosed into a fuel system of a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine that produces low soot mass emissions at normal operating conditions to increase the chances to find stand-alone ash particles separated from soot aggregates in the sub-20-nm size range. In addition to them, ash/soot aggregates in the larger size range were examined using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)-X-ray electron dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) to present elemental information at different sizes of particles from various oil formulations. The STEM-XEDS results showed that regardless of formulated oil type and particle size, Ca, P and C were always contained, while Zn was occasionally found on relatively large particles, suggesting that these elements get together from an early stage of particle formation. The S, Ca and P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses were performed for bulk soot containing raw ash. The linear combination approach & cross-checking among XANES results proposed that Ca5(OH)(PO4)2, Ca3(PO4)2 and Zn3(PO4)2 are potentially major chemical compounds in raw ash particles, when combined with the STEM-XEDS results. Despite many reports that CaSO4 is a major ash chemical when ash found in DPF/GFP systems was examined, it was observed to be rarely present in raw ashes using the S K-edge XANES analysis, suggesting ash transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeje Seong
- Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory, USA.
| | - Seungmok Choi
- Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | | | - Sungsik Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
| | - Tianpin Wu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, USA
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Meena KR, Dhiman R, Singh K, Kumar S, Sharma A, Kanwar SS, Mondal R, Das S, Franco OL, Mandal AK. Purification and identification of a surfactin biosurfactant and engine oil degradation by Bacillus velezensis KLP2016. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:26. [PMID: 33509221 PMCID: PMC7844888 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Engine oil used in automobiles is a threat to soil and water due to the recalcitrant properties of its hydrocarbons. It pollutes surrounding environment which affects both flora and fauna. Microbes can degrade hydrocarbons containing engine oil and utilize it as a substrate for their growth. Our results demonstrated that cell-free broth of Bacillus velezensis KLP2016 (Gram + ve, endospore forming; Accession number KY214239) recorded an emulsification index (E24%) from 52.3% to 65.7% against different organic solvents, such as benzene, pentane, cyclohexane, xylene, n-hexane, toluene and engine oil. The surface tension of the cell-free broth of B. velezensis grown in Luria–Bertani broth at 35 °C decreased from 55 to 40 mN m−1at critical micelle concentration 17.2 µg/mL. The active biosurfactant molecule of cell-free broth of Bacillus velezensis KLP2016 was purified by Dietheylaminoethyl-cellulose and size exclusion chromatography, followed by HPLC (RT = 1.130), UV–vis spectrophotometry (210 nm) and thin layer chromatography (Rf = 0.90). The molecular weight of purified biosurfactant was found to be ~ 1.0 kDa, based on Electron Spray Ionization-MS. A concentration of 1980 × 10–2 parts per million of CO2 was trapped in a KOH solution after 15 days of incubation in Luria–Bertani broth containing 1% engine oil. Our results suggest that bacterium Bacillus velezensis KLP2016 may promise a new dimension to solving the engine oil pollution problem in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khem Raj Meena
- Department of Microbiology, CBS&H, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, 848125, Bihar, India. .,Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171 005, India.
| | - Rajni Dhiman
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171 005, India
| | - Kailash Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171 005, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302 004, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171 005, India
| | - Shamsher S Kanwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171 005, India
| | - Rittick Mondal
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Sericulture, North Dinajpur, Raiganj, 733134, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Das
- School of Sciences, Netaji Open University, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. .,Centro de Análises Proteômicas E Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Amit Kumar Mandal
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Sericulture, North Dinajpur, Raiganj, 733134, West Bengal, India. .,Centre for Nanotechnology Sciences, Raiganj University, North Dinajpur, Raiganj, 733134, West Bengal, India.
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Antonetti C, Licursi D, Raspolli Galletti AM, Martinelli M, Tellini F, Valentini G, Gambineri F. Application of microwave irradiation for the removal of polychlorinated biphenyls from siloxane transformer and hydrocarbon engine oils. Chemosphere 2016; 159:72-79. [PMID: 27281539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) both from siloxane transformer oil and hydrocarbon engine oil was investigated through the application of microwave (MW) irradiation and a reaction system based on polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and potassium hydroxide. The influence of the main reaction parameters (MW irradiation time, molecular weight of PEG, amount of added reactants and temperature) on the dechlorination behavior was studied. Promising performances were reached, allowing about 50% of dechlorination under the best experimental conditions, together time and energy saving compared to conventional heating systems. Moreover, an interesting dechlorination degree (up to 32%) was achieved for siloxane transformer oil when MW irradiation was employed as the unique driving force. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time in which MW irradiation is tested as the single driving force for the dechlorination of these two types of PCB-contaminated oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Antonetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Pisa, Via S. Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Domenico Licursi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Raspolli Galletti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Tellini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Valentini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Ramadass K, Megharaj M, Venkateswarlu K, Naidu R. Sensitivity and Antioxidant Response of Chlorella sp. MM3 to Used Engine Oil and Its Water Accommodated Fraction. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 97:71-77. [PMID: 27174464 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We exposed the microalgal strain, Chlorella sp. MM3, to unused or used engine oil, or their water accommodated fractions (WAFs) to determine growth inhibition and response of antioxidant enzymes. Oil type and oil concentration greatly affected the microalgal growth. Used oil at 0.04 % (0.4 g L(-1)) resulted in 50 % inhibition in algal growth, measured in terms of chlorophyll-a, while the corresponding concentration of unused oil was nontoxic. Similarly, used oil WAF showed significant toxicity to the algal growth at 10 % level, whereas WAF from unused oil was nontoxic even at 100 % concentration. Peroxidase enzyme in the microalga significantly increased with used oil at concentrations above 0.04 g L(-1) whereas the induction of superoxide dismutase and catalase was apparent only at 0.06 g L(-1). Activities of the antioxidant enzymes increased significantly when the microalga was exposed to 75 and 100 % WAF obtained from used oil. The used oil toxicity on microalga could be due to the presence of toxic soluble mono- and polyaromatic compounds, heavy metals, and other compounds attained by the oil during its use in the motor engines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Ramadass
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia.
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515055, India
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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