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Xu C, Cai Y, Wang R, Wu J, Yang G, Lv Y, Liu D, Deng Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Wang L, Zhang S. Reduced attention on restricted organochlorine pesticides, whereas still noteworthy of the impact on the deep soil and groundwater: a historical site study in southern China. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:8787-8802. [PMID: 37749354 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in pesticides has been prohibited for decades in China. Since then, there have been urbanization and transformation of the functional areas of many sites, which were formerly involved in the HCH industry. However, it is possible that, unless properly managed, these sites may still contain HCH residues in the soil and thus pose a threat to the surrounding environment and the quality of groundwater. This study aimed to characterize soil residues in a typical site that was historically involved in HCH production in southern China, by analyzing the α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH contents of the soil. The results suggested that HCHs persist in the environment and can have long-term effects. It was found that α-HCH and β-HCH were present in many samples in concentrations that were comparable or higher than those specified by China's Class 1 screening values. The distribution of residues was significantly correlated with the historical HCH production activities in the areas. The characteristic ratios of α-HCH/γ-HCH and β-HCH/(α + γ)-HCH at different soil depths were 1.4-3.7 and 0.21-1.04, respectively, which indicated the presence of significant localized residues of HCHs. The presence of HCHs in the soil suggested a downward migration, with concentrations rapidly decreasing in the upper layer soil (0-5 m), but a gradual increase in the deeper soil (5-14 m). HCHs were detected at depths exceeding 24 m, indicating heavy penetration. The proportions of γ-HCH and β-HCH changed with increasing soil depth, which was related to their relatively volatile and stable molecular structures, respectively. The results strongly suggested that there is widespread contamination of both soil and groundwater by HCHs even after decades. The likelihood of residual HCHs in the soil should therefore be taken into full consideration during urban planning to limit risks to human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yue Cai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Guoyi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yahui Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Dehong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yaqi Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Rajan S, Parween M, Raju NJ. Pesticides in the hydrogeo-environment: a review of contaminant prevalence, source and mobilisation in India. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:5481-5513. [PMID: 37183216 PMCID: PMC10183316 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pesticides in the hydrogeological system are a global concern as they pose a severe threat to humans and other organisms. In agriculture, around 4.12 million tonnes of pesticides were used globally in 2018, which is 50% more than in the 1990s. Various pesticides detected in the hydrogeological system of India since the 1990s have been documented and reviewed to understand the prevalence, source, history and degradation pathways. This review contributes to a better understanding of existing pesticide pollution and the state of hydrogeological resource deterioration. Small to excess levels of pesticide residues were detected in groundwater, surface water, soil, and sediments. Pesticides that were most commonly and predominantly found in the hydrogeological system were HCHs, DDTs, endosulfan, heptachlor, drins (aldrin, dieldrin, endrin), chlordane etc. β and γ-HCH isomers among HCHs, whereas p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE among the DDTs were detected most prevalently. In many regions, pesticide residue levels in water have exceeded the maximum residue limits of WHO and BIS, while those in soils and sediments have exceeded the threshold effect level and probable effect level. Higher pesticide residues were detected in the water resources of rural agricultural areas compared to peri-urban or urban areas. A positive correlation of pesticide residues between water resources and soil has been observed in some regions, suggesting a similar contamination source. Diagnostic ratios of pesticides reveal their source, history and degradation pathways. Diagnostic ratios observed in various studies conducted in India suggest historical as well as recent use of banned pesticides. Strengthening current policies and regulations, monitoring pesticide use, changes in pesticide application practices, awareness among farmers, and the use of prominent removal techniques are necessary to tackle pesticide contamination in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Rajan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Musarrat Parween
- Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834008, India
| | - N Janardhana Raju
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Arias AH, Alvarez G, Pozo K, Pribylova P, Klanova J, Rodríguez Pirani LS, Picone AL, Alvarez M, Tombesi N. Beached microplastics at the Bahia Blanca Estuary (Argentina): Plastic pellets as potential vectors of environmental pollution by POPs. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 187:114520. [PMID: 36610302 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) from the coastal areas of a highly anthropised estuary were sampled to assess their distribution in coastal sediments and their role as potential vectors of pollution. The average MP density was 1693 ± 2315 MPs/kg, which mainly accumulated in the high tide and storm berm areas of the beach. The Microplastic Pollution Index (MPPI), Microplastic Impact Coefficient (CMPI), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis revealed spatial variation in MPs pollution. High-density polyethylene plastic pellets were abundant at two beaches (192 ± 218 MPs/kg sediment). Furthermore, the presence of sorbed chemicals on pellets was assessed through GC-MS, showing 0.95 ± 0.09 ng/g of ∑7OCPs, 4.03 ± 0.89 ng/g of ∑7PCBs, 108.76 ± 12.88 ng/g of ∑16 PAHs and 122.79 ± 11.13 g/g of ∑29 PAHs. The sorption capacity of plastics, combined with their abundance, poses an environmental concern and also highlights their suitability as indicators of chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres H Arias
- IADO, Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, CCT-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Guadalupe Alvarez
- HAPIC Humedal Arroyo Pareja Isla Cantarelli NGO, Punta Alta, Argentina
| | - Karla Pozo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, 12 4080871, Chile; RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Fundación Bioera. Noruega 6427, of 4. Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Petra Pribylova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klanova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucas S Rodríguez Pirani
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Associated with CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Boulevard 120 N° 1465, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - A Lorena Picone
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, Associated with CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Boulevard 120 N° 1465, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Mónica Alvarez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; INQUISUR-Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Norma Tombesi
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; INQUISUR-Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Domínguez CM, Ventura P, Checa-Fernández A, Santos A. Comprehensive study of acute toxicity using Microtox® bioassay in soils contaminated by lindane wastes. Sci Total Environ 2023; 856:159146. [PMID: 36191709 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This research studies the acute toxicity of real contaminated soils (topsoil and subsoil) with hazardous chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) from lindane manufacturing wastes. The Microtox® bioassay was used to determine the toxicity of soils (modified Basic Solid Phase Test), soil elutriates (Basic Test), and organic extracts (adapted Organic Solvent Sample Solubilization Test), in which hydrophobic organic compounds are soluble. The acute toxicity of these persistent contaminants (hexachlorocyclohexanes, HCH isomers, as particulate matter in topsoil, and COCs, from dense non-aqueous phase liquid, DNAPL, in subsoil) and the commercial compounds were also measured. Soils tested showed different contaminant levels (topsoil: 0.9-1149 mg/kg and subsoil: 20-9528 mg/kg). Soil contaminants distribution, concentration and acute toxicity were highly related to the contamination source (HCHs or DNAPL). Soils, organic extracts, and subsoil elutriates presented high toxicity, highlighting the need for remediation of these sites. EC50 was calculated in the three-test applied for the soils tested. EC50 vs. COCs concentration in soils and soil elutriates showed an asymptotic trend, explained by the low pollutants solubility in the aqueous phase. Contrarily, EC50 vs. soil COCs concentration was more linear in the case of the organic extracts. This test was the most reliable from statistical analysis. The three methods reveal interesting and complementary information and are necessary for a complete overview of the acute toxicity of contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Domínguez
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paula Ventura
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Checa-Fernández
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Santos
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Wang X, Tan Y, Gao M, Liu W, Yu Y. Bioaccessibility dependence of dietary exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers and their induced health risk: A case study in Beijing City, China. Environ Pollut 2021; 281:117065. [PMID: 33872892 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility is essential for evaluating dietary intake of contaminants. However, there is insufficient information on the dependence of dietary intake and risk assessment of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDXs) and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) on bioaccessibility. Here, we investigated the bioaccessibilities of DDXs and HCHs in various foods and their influences on assessing exposure in the residents of Beijing City, China. Forty-three major foods in five types (fruit, vegetables, cereals, aquatic food, and meat) were sampled, and the bioaccessibility of DDXs and HCHs was evaluated using a static in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model. The bioaccessibility of DDXs in different food types ranked in the order of meat > vegetables > fruit > cereals > aquatic food, with mean ± standard deviation values of 62.2 ± 22.1%, 20.5 ± 10.6%, 12.4 ± 3.66%, 11.2 ± 9.69%, and 10.7 ± 4.97%, respectively. The highest average bioaccessibility of HCHs was found in meat (83.4 ± 14.2%), followed by fruit (41.0 ± 12.5%), vegetables (37.6 ± 18.1%), aquatic foods (24.2 ± 9.22%), and cereals (8.73 ± 4.07%). The estimated daily intakes (EDI) of the sum of DDXs and the sum of HCHs based on the bioaccessible concentration were only about 17% and 55% of the total EDI based on the residual concentration, respectively. Meat was found to play a more important role in EDI after bioaccessibility correction. The proportion of the population with potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks markedly decreased when considering bioaccessibility. It was concluded that bioaccessibility should be integrated into dietary exposure evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Yixi Tan
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Yanxin Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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Al Antary TM, Alawi MA, Kiwan R, Haddad NA. Monitoring of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Human Breast Milk in the Northern Governorates of Jordan in 2019/2020 Compared with the Results of 2015 Study. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 106:1071-1076. [PMID: 33811510 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One hundred and twenty samples of breast milk were collected from five northern governorates and districts in Jordan in 2019 and 2020 to monitor results for organochlorine pesticides as organic contaminants. The results showed that 36 samples (30%) of total 120 analyzed samples were contaminated as follows: 16 samples (13.3%) were contaminated with dieldrin, 4 samples (3.3%) with p,p'-DDE, 4 samples (3.3%) with p,p'-DDD, 8 samples (6.7%) with p,p'-DDT and 4 samples (3.3%) with o,p'-DDE. Comparing results of the current study with those of 2015 study, no residues for the HCHs in 2019/2020 study have been detected, an increase in the DDTs occurred and an increase in the cyclodiens in the 2019/2020 compared to the 2015 study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfiq M Al Antary
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Alawi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Rana Kiwan
- Royal Scientific Society, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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Dominguez CM, Romero A, Checa-Fernandez A, Santos A. Remediation of HCHs-contaminated sediments by chemical oxidation treatments. Sci Total Environ 2021; 751:141754. [PMID: 32889469 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of organochlorine pesticides, such as lindane (γ-HCH), and the inadequate management of their wastes, is a huge environmental problem. The lindane production during the last century has generated huge volumes of solid wastes of other HCH isomers, causing hot points of soil and groundwater contamination. The soil treated in this work was obtained from a landfill located in the nearby of an old lindane factory, containing α-HCH and β-HCH as main contaminants. This study addresses for the first time the application of different chemical oxidation treatments, viz. Fenton process (H2O2 + Fe), persulfate (PS) activated by temperature (20 and 40 °C), by alkali (NaOH) and by the combination of alkali and temperature (NaOH, 40 °C) for the remediation of HCH-polluted soils (CHCHs = 155 mg kg-1). The intrinsic characteristics of the soil (high carbonate content) led to high consumption of H2O2 (XH2O2 ≈ 100% at 24 h) and complete iron precipitation, making unappropriated the application of the Fenton process. The efficiency of thermal PS was limited by the low solubility of HCH isomers in the aqueous phase, the high refractoriness of these compounds towards oxidation, and the presence of the contaminants in the form of particulate matter. After 25 days of treatment, a conversion of chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) of 50% was achieved (VL/Wsoil = 2, CPS = 40 g L-1, 40 °C), whereas the application of PS activated by alkali and temperature (40 °C) led to promising results. At pH above 12, HCHs were dehydrochlorinated to trichlorobenzenes, which were further oxidized by hydroxyl radicals. The hydrolysis rate of β-HCH was the limiting step of the process, and it was favored by increasing the reaction temperature. At 40 °C, a conversion of COCs above 95% was achieved (VL/Wsoil = 2, CPS = 40 g L-1, CNaOH = 13.5 g L-1, 14 days) with low oxidant consumption (XPS = 30%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Dominguez
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Romero
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Checa-Fernandez
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Santos
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Li L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Lu S, Cao Y, Tang C, Yan Z, Zheng L. History traces of HCHs and DDTs by groundwater dating and their behaviours and ecological risk in northeast China. Chemosphere 2020; 257:127212. [PMID: 32534294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides legacies, such as hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), remained in sediments or soils due to their difficulty in decomposition, especially in the agricultural areas where pesticides were widely used historically. Different from the little disturbed depositional environment of lake, it was difficult for rivers to explore the timing of DDT and HCH inputs through dating sediment cores as records. Based on groundwater dating, this study ascertained the historic pollution of DDT and HCH in Taizi River basin. HCH and DDT residues in groundwater were consistent with the historical production and usage, which increased from the 1950s to the 1980s and declined from the 1980s to the 1990s. Moreover, the partitioning behaviours of HCHs and DDTs in surface water and suspended particulate matter were discussed. It was revealed that β-HCH and o,p'-DDT were more likely to attach to suspended particulate matter than other isomers. Furthermore, species sensitivity distribution curves were generated using 54 toxicity data records to assess the risk of HCHs and DDTs in water and suspended particulate matter. These results indicated that p,p'-DDT in surface water posed a high risk to 95% of the aquatic life in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Yizhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 250000, PR China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yingjie Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Changyuan Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, 100029, PR China
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Dominguez CM, Romero A, Lorenzo D, Santos A. Thermally activated persulfate for the chemical oxidation of chlorinated organic compounds in groundwater. J Environ Manage 2020; 261:110240. [PMID: 32148309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated pesticides were extensively produced in the XX century, generating high amounts of toxic wastes often dumped in the surroundings of the production sites, resulting in hot points of soil and groundwater pollution worldwide. This is the case of Bailín landfill, located in Sabiñánigo (Spain), where groundwater is highly polluted with chlorobenzenes (mono, di, tri and tetra) and hexachlorocyclohexanes. This study addresses the abatement of chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) present in the groundwater coming from the Bailín landfill by thermally activated persulfate, PS (TAP). The influence of temperature (30-50 °C) and oxidant concentration (2-40 g L-1) on the efficiency of COCs (initial concentration of COCs = 57.53 mg L-1, determined by the solubility of the pollutants in water) degradation has been investigated. Raising the reaction temperature and PS concentration the degradation of COCs significantly accelerates, as a result of higher production of sulfate radicals. The thermal activation of PS implies side reactions, involving the unproductive decomposition of this oxidant. The activation energy calculated for this reaction (128.48 kJ mol-1) reveals that is slightly more favored by temperature than the oxidation of COCs by sulfate radicals (102.4-115.72 kJ mol-1). At the selected operating conditions (PS = 10 g L-1, 40 °C), the almost complete conversion of COCs and a dechlorination and mineralization degree above 80% were obtained at 168 h reaction time. A kinetic model, able to adequately predict the experimental concentration of COCs when operating at different temperatures and initial concentration of PS has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Dominguez
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Romero
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Lorenzo
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Santos
- Dpto. Ingeniería Química y de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Ukalska-Jaruga A, Lewińska K, Mammadov E, Karczewska A, Smreczak B, Medyńska-Juraszek A. Residues of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Agricultural Soils Adjacent to Historical Sources of Their Storage and Distribution-The Case Study of Azerbaijan. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081815. [PMID: 32326493 PMCID: PMC7221879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and examine the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil collected from the surroundings of historical pesticide storage facilities on former agricultural aerodromes, warehouses, and pesticide distribution sites located in the most important agricultural regions in Azerbaijan. The conducted research included determination of three groups of POPs (occurring together), in the natural soil environment influenced for many years by abiotic and biotic factors that could have caused their transformations or decomposition. In this study, soil samples were collected in 21 georeferenced points located in the administrative area of Bilasuvar, Saatly, Sabirabad, Salyan and Jalilabad districts of Azerbaijan. Soil chemical analysis involved determination of organochlorine compounds (OCP): hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) (three isomers α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) (six congeners 2,4'DDT; 4,4'DDT; 2,4'DDE; 4,4'DDE; 2,4'DDE; and 4,4'DDE); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): 16 compounds from the United States Environmental Protection Agency US EPA list and, PCBs (seven congeners identified with the following IUPAC numbers: 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180). Our research showed that OCPs reached the highest concentration in the studied areas. The total concentrations of OCPs ranged from 0.01 to 21,888 mg∙kg-1 with significantly higher concentrations of Σ6DDTs (0.01 μg kg-1 to 21880 mg kg-1) compared to ΣHCH (0.14 ng kg-1 to 166.72 µg kg-1). The total concentrations of PCBs in the studied soils was varied from 0.02 to 147.30 μg·kg-1 but only PCB138 and PCB180 were detected in all analyzed samples. The concentrations of Σ16 PAHs were also strongly diversified throughout the sampling areas and ranged from 0.15 to 16,026 mg kg-1. The obtained results confirmed that the agricultural soils of Azerbaijan contained much lower (up to by three orders of magnitude) concentrations of PCBs and PAHs than DDT. It is supported by the fact that PCBs and PAHs were not directly used by agriculture sector and their content results from secondary sources, such as combustion and various industrial processes. Moreover, the high concentrations of PAHs in studied soils were associated with their location in direct neighborhood of the airport, as well as with accumulation of contaminants from dispersed sources and long range transport. The high concentrations of pesticides confirm that deposition of parent OCPs have occurred from obsolete pesticide landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Lewińska
- Department of Soil Science and Remote Sensing of Soils, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Elton Mammadov
- Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 5 M. Rahim, Baku AZ1073, Azerbaijan;
| | - Anna Karczewska
- Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland; (A.K.); (A.M.-J.)
| | - Bożena Smreczak
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek
- Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland; (A.K.); (A.M.-J.)
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Tsygankov VY. Organochlorine pesticides in marine ecosystems of the Far Eastern Seas of Russia (2000-2017). Water Res 2019; 161:43-53. [PMID: 31176105 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present review provides information on the main organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), widely used in world agriculture in the 1940s-1960s. The patterns of their distribution in the environment, as well as the toxicity, metabolism, and degradation are described. Some data on OCPs distribution in components of aquatic ecosystems in different regions of the World and, particularly, in the Far Eastern Seas of Russia-the Sea of Japan/East Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea-is considered for the period 2000-2017. The obtained results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy Yu Tsygankov
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova str., 690091, Vladivostok, Russia.
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Ndungu AW, Yan X, Makokha VA, Githaiga KB, Wang J. Occurrence and risk assessment of heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides in surface soils, Central Kenya. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2019; 17:63-73. [PMID: 31321038 PMCID: PMC6582105 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-018-00326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated pollution in surface soils of five dominant land use types in central Kenya. The mean concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr, As and Ni) in (mg/kg) and two organochlorine pesticides (DDTs and HCHs) (μg/kg) were determined. METHOD Heavy metal contamination and potential ecological risk using the Nemerow pollution index and Hakanson ecological risk index respectively were used in examining pollution level. With the help of multivariate analysis sources of heavy metal pollution were identified which were mainly from anthropogenic activities. Notably, heavy metal concentration in our study was compared to other regions within the country, results showed regional variation. Total levels of DDTs, HCHs pesticide and their constituent isomers in the surface soil were determined by a gas chromatography (GC-μECD). RESULTS Pollution level in all land use areas according to Nemerow pollution index indicated low pollution status. Notably, in all land use areas the pollution level decreased in the following order Industrial land>Peri-urban>Agriculture land>Forest>River. In addition, heavy metals had low risks values according to Hakanson ecological risk index ranging from 0.01 to 0.58, with Hg having the highest mean value of 0.58. As expected, organochlorine pesticide were higher in agricultural land use, DDTs levels were comparatively higher than HCHs levels. Results on DDTs ratio (p, p'-DDT/p, p'-DDD + p, p'-DDE) were < 1 in all land use types which showed that their residues originated from historical sources. Lower α/ γ HCH ratio in forest and peri-urban land uses however indicated current input of lindane. Correlation analysis showed significant relationship between TOC and HCHs only. CONCLUSION When compared to recent study done in agricultural soil (Nairobi surroundings), present study of OCPs (DDTs and HCHs) concentration in central Kenya was relatively high. The quality of soil in Central Kenya was classified as considerably polluted by OCPs but low polluted by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Wairimu Ndungu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xue Yan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Victorine Anyango Makokha
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Kelvin Babu Githaiga
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
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Nguyen TX, Nguyen BT, Tran HTT, Le TT, Trinh TT, Trinh TT, Tu MB, Cao NDT, Vo HDT. The interactive effect of the season and estuary position on the concentration of persistent organic pollutants in water and sediment from the Cua Dai estuary in Vietnam. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:10756-10766. [PMID: 30778945 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted in the Cua Dai estuary, Vietnam, (1) to assess the status of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and (2) to examine the interactive effect of season and estuary position on the concentration of the pollutants in surface water and sediment. Fifty-two water and sediment samples were taken in the dry and rainy seasons from inner- and outer-estuary positions to analyze for six POPs, including hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs). The averaged concentrations of the respective POPs in water samples were 0.07, 0.1, 0.01, 0.03, 0.001, and 0.2 μg L-1 and in sediment samples were 2.6, 3.1, 0.9, 0.2, 0.2, and 121 μg kg-1. Of the six POPs examined, the concentration of DDTs in sediment samples and PCBs in water samples was significantly affected by the interactive effect of the two examined factors. The concentrations of HCHs, DDTs, heptachlor, and aldrin in water samples and of HCHs in sediment samples were significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. Sediment samples collected from the inner position had a significantly higher concentration of HCHs and PCBs than in the outer position. Some mechanisms possibly influenced the varying POP concentration could include (1) greater riverine discharge in the rainy season and (2) the sea dilution effect in the outer position. Therefore, the concentration of the individual examined POPs in water and sediment in the Cua Dai estuary significantly depended on either the season, estuary position, or their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xuan Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Science, Engineering, and Management, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Binh Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Science, Engineering, and Management, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thu Thi Tran
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, No. 18, Vien street, Duc Thang Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Thi Le
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, No 41A, Phu Dien Road, Phu Dien precinct, North-Tu Liem district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tham Thi Trinh
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, No 41A, Phu Dien Road, Phu Dien precinct, North-Tu Liem district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Trinh
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, No 41A, Phu Dien Road, Phu Dien precinct, North-Tu Liem district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Binh Tu
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc-Dan-Thanh Cao
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hien Dieu Thi Vo
- Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group and Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Str., Tan Phong Ward, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Di S, Liu R, Chen L, Diao J, Zhou Z. Selective bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and dissipation of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in a freshwater food chain. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:18752-18761. [PMID: 29713971 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs), having potential risks to humans and ecosystem. This work evaluated the propensity of organisms to accumulate, eliminate, and transfer HCHs along the food chain (Tubifex tubifex and common carp (Cyprinus carpio)). The accumulation of HCHs from water by worms and carp was observed, and the concentrations increased with exposure time. After 8 days, the HCH concentrations in organisms remained stable. The accumulation factor (AF) values of HCHs in T. tubifex were higher than those in carp, indicating that the bioaccumulation abilities of HCHs in T. tubifex were higher than those in carp. The contaminated worms as a dietary source in the food chain led to significantly higher bioaccumulation in carp. The biomagnification factor (BMF) values of HCH isomers were all greater than 1. In the dissipation experiments, the elimination was fast and the half-lives were shorter than 2.5 days. The enantioselective accumulation and dissipation of α-HCH enantiomers were observed in worms and carp (food chain), and the enantiomeric differences should be taken into consideration in the study of contaminants risk assessment. The results on trophic transfer of HCHs in a freshwater food chain should be helpful for better understanding the fate, transport, and transfer of HCHs in freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Di
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Ruiquan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Rimondino GN, Pepino AJ, Manetti MD, Olcese L, Argüello GA. Latitudinal distribution of OCPs in the open ocean atmosphere between the Argentinian coast and Antarctic Peninsula. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:13004-13013. [PMID: 29480393 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-range atmospheric transport is one of the most important ways in which persistent organic pollutants can be transported from their source to remote and pristine regions. Here, we report the results of the first Argentinian measurements of organochlorine pesticides in the Antarctic region. During a 9665-km track onboard OV ARA Puerto Deseado, within the framework of Argentinian Antarctic Expeditions, air samples were taken using high-volume samplers and analyzed using GC-μECD. HCB, HCHs, and endosulfans were the major organic pollutants found, and a north-south gradient in their concentrations was evident by comparing data from the Argentinian offshore zone to the South Scotia Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Noé Rimondino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico Química (INFIQC), CONICET, Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Julieta Pepino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico Química (INFIQC), CONICET, Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martín Diego Manetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico Química (INFIQC), CONICET, Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luis Olcese
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico Química (INFIQC), CONICET, Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Alejandro Argüello
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico Química (INFIQC), CONICET, Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Cong X, Li F, Kelly RM, Xue N. Distribution and removal of organochlorine pesticides in waste clay bricks from an abandoned manufacturing plant using low-temperature thermal desorption technology. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:12119-12126. [PMID: 29453725 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of pollutants in waste clay bricks from an organochlorine pesticide-contaminated site was investigated, and removal of the pollutants using a thermal desorption technology was studied. The results showed that the contents of HCHs in both the surface and the inner layer of the bricks were slightly higher than those of DDTs. The total pore volume of the bricks was 37.7 to 41.6% with an increase from external to internal surfaces. The removal efficiency by thermal treatment was within 62 to 83% for HCHs and DDTs in bricks when the temperature was raised from 200 to 250 °C after 1 h. HCHs were more easily removed than DDTs with a higher temperature. Either intraparticle or surface diffusion controls the desorption processes of pollutants in bricks. It was feasible to use the polluted bricks after removal of the pollutants by low-temperature thermal desorption technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, 123000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fasheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | | | - Nandong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Liu Q, Tian S, Jia R, Liu X. Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of HCHs and DDTs in estuary wetland sediments from the Bohai Bay, North China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:26967-26973. [PMID: 26645229 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) tend to persist in the environment for long periods of time. The concentration and distribution of HCHs and DDTs were investigated in surface sediments of Yongdingxinhe wetland and Binhai wetland by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). All isomers of HCHs and DDTs were detected in all of the samples. The concentrations of total HCHs (ΣHCHs) in two wetland sediments ranged from 69.81 to 379.28 ng · g -1, with a mean value of 224.55 ng · g -1. The concentrations of total DDTs (ΣDDTs) ranged from 98.32 to 129.10 ng · g -1, with a mean value of 113.71 ng · g -1. The results of an ecological risk assessment demonstrated that there was high-risk ecological effect of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) on the estuary wetlands. Lindane and technical DDTs were found to be the main sources of OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shengyan Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xianbin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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18
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Tsygankov VY, Khristoforova NK, Lukyanova ON, Boyarova MD, Kiku PF, Yarygina MV. Selected Organochlorines in Human Blood and Urine in the South of the Russian Far East. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 99:460-464. [PMID: 28780637 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The trace OCP concentrations, such as α-, β-, and γ-HCH, DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) in blood and urine of residents from the south of the Russian Far East was revealed. A large range of OCPs was found in the urine: α- and γ-isomers of HCH, DDT and DDE. The only β-HCH was detected in the blood; this indicates its persistence and the difficulty of excretion this substance from the organism. The total trace OCP concentration, found in the biological fluids of residents of the south of the Russian Far East, providing further evidence that these organic contaminants persist in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy Yu Tsygankov
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 8 Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok, Russia, 690091.
| | - Nadezhda K Khristoforova
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 8 Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok, Russia, 690091
- Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, 7 Radio Str., Vladivostok, Russia, 690041
| | - Olga N Lukyanova
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 8 Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok, Russia, 690091
- Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Centre), 4 Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, Russia, 690091
| | - Margarita D Boyarova
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 8 Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok, Russia, 690091
| | - Pavel F Kiku
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 8 Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok, Russia, 690091
| | - Marina V Yarygina
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 8 Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok, Russia, 690091
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Zhang Q, Xia Z, Wu M, Wang L, Yang H. Human health risk assessment of DDTs and HCHs through dietary exposure in Nanjing, China. Chemosphere 2017; 177:211-216. [PMID: 28288429 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In a market based study in Nanjing, a typical southeast city in China, the most common consumed 23 kinds of foods from eleven different categories (vegetable, fruit, fish, pork, livestock meat, chicken, egg, milk, oil, rice and flour) were sampled in November 2015. The concentrations of DDTs and HCHs in foods were analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometer detector. The residual amounts of DDTs and HCHs in foods were 0.95-3.53 ng g-1 and 0.32-1.96 ng g-1, respectively. The highest residual of ∑10OCPs was 4.75 ng g-1 in livestock meat and the lowest was 1.31 ng g-1 in flour. Estimated daily intakes of both DDTs and HCHs for children were higher than other age groups regardless of the gender. With respect to food categories, the consumption of vegetables generated higher dietary exposure of DDTs and HCHs than other food categories for all age categories, which accounted for 20.21%-29.18% of the total. The daily intakes of γ-HCH and DDTs for all population groups were far below the acceptable amounts suggested by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization. Health risk assessment indicated that there was no obvious non-cancer risk for local residents, whereas the cancer risk was estimated to be from 10-6∼10-4, being higher than the acceptable risk level and lower than the priority risk level. Among residents of different gender and age, females showed higher risk than males in all age groups, and children were the most vulnerable age group to health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhonghuan Xia
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Minmin Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, China
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Usman M, Tascone O, Rybnikova V, Faure P, Hanna K. Application of chemical oxidation to remediate HCH-contaminated soil under batch and flow through conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:14748-14757. [PMID: 28470496 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study describing the chemical oxidation of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in contaminated soil under water saturated and unsaturated flow through conditions. Soil contaminated with β-HCH (45 mg kg-1) and γ-HCH (lindane, 25 mg kg-1) was sampled from former lindane waste storage site. Efficiency of following treatments was tested at circumneutral pH: H2O2 alone, H2O2/FeII, Na2S2O8 alone, Na2S2O8/FeII, and KMnO4. Experimental conditions (oxidant dose, liquid/solid ratio, and soil granulometry) were first optimized in batch experiments. Obtained results revealed that increasing dose of H2O2 improved the oxidation efficiency while in Na2S2O8 system, maximum HCHs were removed at 300 mM. However, oxidation efficiency was slightly improved by FeII-activation. Increasing the solid/liquid ratio decreased HCH removal in soil samples crushed to 500 μm while an opposite trend was observed for 2-mm samples. Dynamic column experiments showed that oxidation efficiency followed the order KMnO4 > Na2S2O8/FeII > Na2S2O8 whatever the flow condition, whereas the removal extent declined at higher flow rate (e.g., ~50% by KMnO4 at 0.5 mL/min as compared to ~30% at 2 mL/min). Both HCH removal and oxidant decomposition extents were found higher in saturated columns than the unsaturated ones. While no significant change in relative abundance of soil mineral constituents was observed before and after chemical oxidation, more than 60% of extractable organic matter was lost after chemical oxidation, thereby underscoring the non-selective behavior of chemical oxidation in soil. Due to the complexity of soil system, chemical oxidation has rarely been reported under flow through conditions, and therefore our findings will have promising implications in developing remediation techniques under dynamic conditions closer to field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Department of Geosciences, Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
- Université de Lorraine, LIEC, UMR7360, 54505, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Oriane Tascone
- Université de Lorraine, LIEC, UMR7360, 54505, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- CNRS, LIEC, UMR7360, 54505, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, LCPME, UMR7564, 54505, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- CNRS, LCPME, UMR7564, 54600, Villers Les Nancy, France
| | - Victoria Rybnikova
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, 35708, Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - Pierre Faure
- Université de Lorraine, LIEC, UMR7360, 54505, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- CNRS, LIEC, UMR7360, 54505, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Khalil Hanna
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, 35708, Rennes Cedex 7, France
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Qian Z, Luo F, Wu C, Zhao R, Cheng X, Qin W. Indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in seafood from Xiamen (China): levels, distributions, and risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:10443-10453. [PMID: 28281068 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in 289 seafood samples including fishes, crustaceans, and shellfish collected from six administrative regions in Xiamen of China. The residual levels of PCBs, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) ranged <LOD-64 (median 1.8) ng g-1 wet weight (ww), 0.03-88 (median 1.4) ng g-1 ww, and <LOD-5.5 (median <LOD) ng g-1 ww, respectively. The most abundant compounds were PCB101, p,p'-DDT, and β-HCH. Significant differences in the amounts of PCBs and DDTs were recorded among the species, whereas no significant differences were observed among the species with regard to HCH concentrations. Within the regions investigated, the concentrations of PCBs were much lower in Haicang than in other regions and HCHs were detected with highest concentration in Siming, while no significant differences were observed in DDT concentrations. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that PCB and OCP pollutions came from similar sources in Xiamen. But the pollution sources of Xiangan were diverse. The predominance of PCBs might be attributed to the past usage of domestically produced commercial PCB mixtures, and the profiles of OCPs might indicate their current use in agriculture. Results of carcinogenic risk assessment based on the 50th or 95th percentile exposure levels exceeded the threshold, suggesting that the PCBs should be of concern. On the other hand, the hazard quotients (HQs) of noncancer risks were all far below than 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhen Qian
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Haishan Road, Xiamen, 361013, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Haishan Road, Xiamen, 361013, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, 7 Haishan Road, Xiamen, 361013, China
| | - Fangfang Luo
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Haishan Road, Xiamen, 361013, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Haishan Road, Xiamen, 361013, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, 7 Haishan Road, Xiamen, 361013, China
| | - Chengye Wu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Haishan Road, Xiamen, 361013, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Haishan Road, Xiamen, 361013, China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, 7 Haishan Road, Xiamen, 361013, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Wenfeng Qin
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Guo LC, Bao LJ, Li SM, Tao S, Zeng EY. Evaluating the effectiveness of pollution control measures via the occurrence of DDTs and HCHs in wet deposition of an urban center, China. Environ Pollut 2017; 223:170-177. [PMID: 28153416 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wet deposition is not only a mechanism for removing atmospheric pollutants, but also a process which reflects loadings of atmospheric pollutants. Our previous study on wet deposition examined the effectiveness of short-term control measures on atmospheric particulate pollution, which were partly effective for organic pollutants of current input sources. In the present study, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), representative of legacy contaminants, were measured in the same samples collected throughout the entire year of 2010 in Guangzhou, a large urban center in South China. Concentrations of ∑DDT (sum of o,p' and p,p'-DDT, o,p' and p,p'-DDE, o,p' and p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDMU) and ∑HCH (sum of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-HCH) in wet deposition were in the ranges of nd-69 (average: 1.8 ng L-1) and nd-150 ng L-1 (average: 5.1 ng L-1), respectively. In addition, the results of source diagnostics and backward air mass trajectories appeared to suggest the transport of antifouling paint derived DDTs from the coastal region off South China to Guangzhou. The combined wet and dry deposition flux of ∑HCH in the first quarter (January to March) was greater than that in the fourth quarter (October to December), while those of ∑DDT were comparable in the first and fourth quarters. Similar trends were also observed for the concentrations of ∑HCH and ∑DDT in aerosol samples. These results suggested the short-term pollution control measures implemented during the 16th Asian Games and 10th Asian Para Games (held in November and December 2010, respectively) did not work well for DDTs. The reduced input of HCHs during the fourth quarter was probably associated with the strict ban on lindane for food safety, which also exposed the weakness of control measures focusing mainly on the removal of atmospheric particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lian-Jun Bao
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Shao-Meng Li
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Guo Y, Lai C, Zeng G, Gong J, Su C, Yang C, Xu P. Sequestration of HCHs and DDTs in sediments in Dongting Lake of China with multiwalled carbon nanotubes: implication for in situ sequestration. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:7726-7739. [PMID: 28124272 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments could be released into water, posing great threats to human health and organisms. In this study, the treatment effectiveness of in situ sequestration of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) in sediments was explored using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as adsorbents. Physicochemical tests (aqueous equilibrium concentrations, semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) uptake, and quiescent flux to overlying water) were conducted to evaluate the sequestration effectiveness of MWCNTs. Compared to the control, the MWCNT-treated sediments showed great reductions of HCHs and DDTs in aqueous equilibrium concentrations, SPMD uptake, and quiescent flux to overlying water. And the effects of dose of MWCNTs, diameter of MWCNTs, and contact time between MWCNTs and sediments on sequestration effectiveness were studied. Increased dose, decreased MWCNT diameter, and prolonged contact time resulted in a better sequestration effectiveness. The results indicated that the addition of MWCNTs to sediment could reduce the content of HCHs and DDTs released from sediments, reducing bioavailability of HCHs and DDTs and minimizing risks to ecosystem and human. MWCNTs have potential applications as adsorbents for in situ treatment of OCP-contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jilai Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
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Cai Y, Wang X, Wu Y, Li Y, Ya M. Over 100-year sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) in the continental shelf of the East China Sea. Environ Pollut 2016; 219:774-784. [PMID: 27498341 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Historical records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in two dated sediment cores (DH05 and DH11) collected from the continental shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) to investigate the influence of anthropogenic activities on marine sediment over the past century. The concentrations and fluxes of 15 PAHs were in the range of 28.6-96.5 ng g-1 and 7.6-35.2 ng cm-2 yr-1 in DH05 (1920s-2009), 18.8-76.4 ng g-1 and 13.9-30.9 ng cm-2 yr-1 in DH11 (1860s-2009). The sedimentary records of PAHs in the two cores generally reflected the economic development and energy consumption change in China. Identification of sources suggested that PAHs in ECS were predominantly from petrogenic origin and various combustion sources. A change of source from low- and moderate-temperature combustion to high-temperature combustion process was observed. Although a production ban of technical HCH and DDT was imposed in China in 1983, their sedimentary fluxes display increasing trends or strong rebounds from 1980s to 1990s as recorded in the core profiles. High proportions of DDD + DDE and γ-HCH suggested those OCPs mainly derived from early residuals. Temporal trends of PCBs presented relative high levels from 1970s to 1980s and high proportions of PCB congeners with 3-6 chlorines atoms indicated industrial sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Yuling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Miaolei Ya
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Feng J, Hu P, Zhang F, Sun J. HCHs and DDTs in Yellow River of Henan section-a typical agricultural area in China: levels, distributions and risks. Environ Geochem Health 2016; 38:1241-1253. [PMID: 26694483 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The levels, potential sources and ecological risks of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in Yellow River of Henan section, a typical agricultural area in China, were investigated. Surface water samples and suspended particulate matters (SPMs) were collected from 23 sites during two seasons. In wet season, the residues of ∑HCHs (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH) and ∑DDTs (p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD) ranged from 41.7 to 290 and 4.42 to 269 ng/L in surface water, while those varied from 0.86 to 157 and 1.79 to 96.1 ng/g dw in SPM, respectively. Moreover, in surface water, the levels of HCHs and DDTs in wet season were much higher than those in dry season. The reverse was true for residues of HCHs and DDTs in SPM. Compared with the large rivers in other regions, the levels of HCHs and DDTs in the studied area ranked at high levels and the residual concentrations might cause adverse biological risk, especially for ∑HCHs during wet season. Distributions of HCHs and DDTs delineated that the input of tributaries made a significant effect on the residue of HCHs and DDTs in the mainstream. ∑HCHs in surface water were consist of 26.7 % α-HCH, 30.0 % β-HCH, 37.9 % γ-HCH and 5.45 % δ-HCH and those in SPM contained 5.16 % α-HCH, 22.1 % β-HCH, 60.5 % γ-HCH and 12.2 % δ-HCH on average. Combined with ratios of α-HCH/γ-HCH in surface water (0.70) and in SPM (0.09), the results strongly indicated that lindane was recently used or discharged in the studied area. The mean percentage of DDTs' isomers were 28.7 % p,p'-DDT, 29.8 % o,p'-DDT, 28.1 % p,p'-DDE and 13.4 % p,p'-DDD in surface water, while those were 12.5 % p,p'-DDT, 31.8 % o,p'-DDT, 30.5 % p,p'-DDE and 25.1 % p,p'-DDD in SPM. The ratios of (DDE + DDD)/∑DDTs and o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT revealed that the DDTs in the studied area mainly derived from long-term weathering of technical DDTs residue and the input of dicofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglan Feng
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengtuan Hu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Tsygankov VY, Boyarova MD, Lukyanova ON. Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) from the Sea of Okhotsk. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 110:82-85. [PMID: 27357915 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (α-, β-, and γ-), DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) were detected in five individuals of Northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis Linnaeus, 1761 from the Sea of Okhotsk. The average amount of HCHs in the organs of fulmars ranged from 608±177ng/g lipids in the total homogenate of the organs to 2093±264ng/g lipids in the feathers with skin. The average range of the amounts of DDTs was from 3606±333ng/g lipids in the feathers with skin to 4076±1624ng/g lipids in the feathers. The bioaccumulation of DDTs by seabirds of the Sea of Okhotsk is approximately equal to that of birds from other regions of the world's oceans, while the HCHs concentration is significantly higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy Yu Tsygankov
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091, 8 Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Margarita D Boyarova
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091, 8 Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Olga N Lukyanova
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091, 8 Sukhanova Str., Vladivostok, Russia; Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Centre), 690091, 4 Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, Russia
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27
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Lukyanova ON, Tsygankov VY, Boyarova MD, Khristoforova NK. Bioaccumulation of HCHs and DDTs in organs of Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) from the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. Chemosphere 2016; 157:174-180. [PMID: 27219293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (α-, β-, γ-HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) were assessed in organs of the pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), chum (Oncorhynchus keta), chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), caught near the Kuril Islands (the northern-western part of the Pacific Ocean), in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. Pesticides have been found to accumulate in fish organs in the following: muscles < liver < eggs < male gonads. The highest concentrations in muscles and liver have been recorded from sockeye. Of the DDT group, only DDE has been detected. The average concentration of HCHs + DDE in the muscles of pink, chum, chinook, and sockeye was 141, 125, 1241, 1641 ng/g lipids, respectively; and in the liver, 279, 183, 1305, 3805 ng/g lipids, respectively. The total concentration of HCHs isomers was higher than that of DDE. Average HCHs + DDE concentration in organs of salmon from study area is lower than that in salmon from Pacific coast of North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Lukyanova
- Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Centre), Vladivostok, Russia; School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Yu Tsygankov
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia; School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Margarita D Boyarova
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Nadezhda K Khristoforova
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok, Russia; Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
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28
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Sailaukhanuly Y, Carlsen L, Tulegenov A, Nurzhanova A, Kenessov B, Kamysbayev D. Distribution and risk assessment of selected organochlorine pesticides in Kyzyl Kairat village from Kazakhstan. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:358. [PMID: 27194234 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), i.e., 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), its metabolites (p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), have been determined in 100 soil samples collected from a contaminated site centered around a former storehouse in the Kyzyl Kairat village, Almaty region, Kazakhstan, which constitutes an exemplary case example. The OCPs were observed in all analyzed soil samples, with predominance of α-HCH, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDT. Total concentrations ranged from 1.38 to 11,100 μg kg(-1) with an average value of 1040 μg kg(-1) for DDT and its metabolites and 0.1 to 438 μg kg(-1) with an average value of 24 μg kg(-1) for HCHs. The observed concentrations of the OCPs were found to be in agreement with previous studies and are rationalized in terms of the possible degradation pathways of DDTs and HCHs. Spatial distribution patterns of OCPs are elucidated by contour maps. Observed concentrations of the OCPs were used to evaluate the cancer risk to humans via ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation of soil particles. The cancer risk mainly occurs from ingestion, whereas dermal exposure contributes to a minor extent to the total cancer risk. The risk associated with inhalation was found to be negligible. The total cancer risk for the studied OCPs were found to be p,p'-DDT ˃ p,p'-DDE ˃ p,p'-DDD ˃ α-HCH ˃ β-HCH ˃ γ-HCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerbolat Sailaukhanuly
- Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 96a Tole bi str., 050012, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Lars Carlsen
- Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 96a Tole bi str., 050012, Almaty, Kazakhstan
- Awareness Center, Linkøpingvej 35, Trekroner DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Akyl Tulegenov
- Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 96a Tole bi str., 050012, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Asil Nurzhanova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, 45 Timiryazev str., 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bulat Kenessov
- Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 96a Tole bi str., 050012, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Duisek Kamysbayev
- Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 96a Tole bi str., 050012, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Di S, Huang L, Diao J, Zhou Z. Selective bioaccumulation and elimination of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:6990-6998. [PMID: 26725886 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Tubifex tubifex worms were exposed to sediment-associated hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers to study the bioaccumulation and elimination behaviors of HCH isomers in T. tubifex. During a 10-day bioaccumulation experiment, bioaccumulation curves of HCHs were approximate to M-type in T. tubifex. The enantioselective behaviors of α-HCH enantiomers were observed in T. tubifex, with concentrations of (+)-α-HCH higher than that of (-)-α-HCH. The concentration of γ-HCH in T. tubifex was higher than that of β-HCH and α-HCH. The existence of worms can accelerate the dissipation of HCHs in sediment, and the dissipation half-lives of α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH were 8.39, 23.90, and 3.10 days, respectively. In the elimination experiment, approximately 0.053 (37.1%), 0.074 (45.9%), and 0.042 mg/kgwwt (38.4%) α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH were depleted or excreted in T. tubifex on the first day, respectively. The body residues in T. tubifex were 0.084 (α-HCH), 0.082 (β-HCH), and 0.061 mg/kgwwt (γ-HCH) at the end of elimination experiment. Furthermore, the existence of T. tubifex could affect the overlying water quality parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Di
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ledan Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Di S, Cheng C, Chen L, Zhou Z, Diao J. Effects of benthic organism Tubifex tubifex on hexachlorocyclohexane isomers transfer and distribution into freshwater sediment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 126:163-169. [PMID: 26751974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, bioaccumulation and elimination of HCHs in tubifex, and the distribution of HCHs in overlying water and sediment, were studied during a 10-d experiment. A sensitive method was developed for the determination of HCHs in samples based on gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a nickel-63 electron capture detector (μECD). The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.35 µg/kg for α-HCH and 0.82 µg/kg for β-HCH. Tubifex accumulated HCHs rapidly, and the curves were approximately M-type. The highest level was reached on the 7th day, with 0.34 mg/kg(wwt) for α-HCH and 0.87 mg/kg(wwt) for β-HCH in worms. The AFs of β-HCH in tubifex were higher than those of α-HCH. Moreover, the existence of tubifex significantly reduced β-HCH fluxes from the overlying water to sediment by uptake or degradation and decreased the concentrations of β-HCH in the sediment, but it had little influence on α-HCH fluxes. Moreover, enantioselectivity of α-HCH enantiomers was not observed in tubifex, whether in the bioaccumulation or elimination experiments. At the end of the elimination experiment, approximately 80% and 70% of α-HCH and β-HCH were eliminated, and the depuration half-lives were 4.43 and 5.39 days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Di
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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31
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Wang C, Wang X, Gong P, Yao T. Residues, spatial distribution and risk assessment of DDTs and HCHs in agricultural soil and crops from the Tibetan Plateau. Chemosphere 2016; 149:358-365. [PMID: 26874624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to its high elevation and cold temperature, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is regarded as the "Third Pole". Different from other polar regions, which are truly remote, the TP has a small population and a few agricultural activities. In this study, agricultural soil and crop samples (including highland barley and rape) were collected in the main farmland of the TP to obtain the contamination levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in the Tibetan agricultural system as well as the relevant human exposure risks. The average concentrations of DDTs and HCHs in the agricultural soil, highland barley and rape were 1.36, 0.661, 1.03 ng/g dw and 0.349, 0.0364, 0.0225 ng/g dw, respectively. In the agricultural soil, DDTs and HCHs metabolism (DDE, DDD and β-HCH) were abundant, which indicated a "historical" source, whereas crops contained a similar composition ((DDE + DDD)/DDT, α/β-HCH and α/γ-HCH) to that of wild plants, suggesting that the DDTs and HCHs in crops are likely from long range atmospheric transport. The human health risks via non-dietary and dietary to DDTs and HCHs in the farmland were assessed. All of the hazard index (HI) values of DDTs and HCHs for non-carcinogenic risks were <1, and most of the cancer risk values were <10(-6), suggesting that DDTs and HCHs in the farmland will not pose non-carcinogenic risks and will pose only very low cancer risks to the Tibetan residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, China.
| | - Ping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, China
| | - Tandong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, China
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Yeo BG, Takada H, Taylor H, Ito M, Hosoda J, Allinson M, Connell S, Greaves L, McGrath J. POPs monitoring in Australia and New Zealand using plastic resin pellets, and International Pellet Watch as a tool for education and raising public awareness on plastic debris and POPs. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 101:137-145. [PMID: 26586511 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (i.e. PCBs, DDTs, and HCHs) were analyzed along Australia and New Zealand North Island coastlines. PCB concentrations were high in urban areas (107-294 ng/g-pellet), with Sydney Harbour the most polluted. Hepta-chlorinated PCB was abundant, with ~30% in urban areas suggesting legacy pollution. DDT concentrations showed similar pattern except in rural agricultural sites, Taupo Bay and Ahipara, New Zealand (23 and 47 ng/g-pellet). p,p'-DDE predominance at these 2 sites suggested historical input; they also had high HCH concentrations (17 and 29 ng/g-pellet). The role of International Pellet Watch (IPW) in science communication was studied through feedbacks from IPW volunteers, case studies and examples. IPW data were categorized into understandable terms and tailored reports based on volunteers' backgrounds complemented with pollution maps. The effectiveness of IPW science communication has led to its use in awareness and education activities focusing on both POPs and plastic debris issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Geok Yeo
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideshige Takada
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Heidi Taylor
- Tangaroa Blue Foundation, PO Box 757, Port Douglas, QLD 4877, Australia
| | - Maki Ito
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Junki Hosoda
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mayumi Allinson
- CAPIM: Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Grattan St, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Laura Greaves
- Sustainable Coastlines, Level 1, 54 Upper Queen St., Eden Terrace, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - John McGrath
- Surfrider Capricorn Coast Branch, 7 Raymond Tce, Yeppoon, QLD 4703, Australia
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Zhou S, Tang Q, Jin M, Liu W, Niu L, Ye H. Residues and chiral signatures of organochlorine pesticides in mollusks from the coastal regions of the Yangtze River Delta: source and health risk implication. Chemosphere 2014; 114:40-50. [PMID: 25113182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The residues and enantiomeric fractions of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured in 11 mollusk species collected from the coastal areas along the Yangtze River Delta to evaluate the status, potential sources, and health risks of pollution in these areas. The concentrations of DDTs, HCHs, and chlordanes ranged from 6.22 to 398.19, 0.66-7.11, and 0.14-4.08 ng g(-1) based on wet weight, respectively; DDTs and HCHs have the highest values, globally. The DDTs increased and the HCHs decreased compared to historical data. Both the box-and-whisker plots and the one-way ANOVA tests indicated that the OCP levels varied little between sampling locations and organism species. The compositions of the DDTs and HCHs suggested a cocktail input pattern of fresh and weathered technical products. The comparative EF values for the α-HCH between the sediments and mollusks, as well as the lack of any discernible difference in the relative proportions of HCH isomers among different species from the same sampling site implied that the HCH residues in the mollusks came directly from the surrounding environment. However, the biotransformation of DDTs in mollusks cannot be precluded. The assessments performed based on several available guidelines suggested that although no significant human health risks were associated with the dietary intake of OCPs, the concentrations of DDTs exceeded the maximum residual limits of China and many developed nations. Moreover, an increased lifetime cancer risk from dietary exposure to either DDTs or HCHs remains a possibility. Because non-racemic OCP residues are common in the mollusk samples, our results suggest a need to further explore the levels and toxicity of the chiral contaminants in mollusks and other foodstuff to develop the human risk assessment framework based on chiral signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
| | - Qiaozhi Tang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Meiqing Jin
- College of Materials Science and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Weiping Liu
- IJRC-PTS, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lili Niu
- IJRC-PTS, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Hui Ye
- Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Centre, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
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Zhou S, Yang H, Zhang A, Li YF, Liu W. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Yangtze River Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea: implication of transport, sources and trends. Chemosphere 2014; 114:26-34. [PMID: 25113180 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-eight surface sediments and two sediment cores were collected from Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) and adjacent East China Sea (ECS) to study the distribution patterns, origins, potential transport and burden of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the marginal sea. Residues of OCPs ranged from 0.190 to 5.17 ng g(-1) dry weight with a distinct "band type" pattern under the control of Yangtze River inputs and ECS circulation system. Differences in transmission media and redox conditions in situ respectively resulted in the divergent distributions of α/β-HCH and DDD/DDE. The compositional pattern analysis implied that OCPs in the inner shelf of ECS were derived from both "weathered" and fresh sources, whereas those in the outer shelf of ECS had undergone high metabolism. Concurrent with the land-sea migration, vertical profiles of sediment cores showed increasing trends or rebound since the 1990s, characteristic of two evident "jumps" of DDE+DDD/DDT and DDT/DDE ratios. Moreover, the primary distribution pattern founded for HCHs and the considerable mass inventories calculated (6.20 metric tones for OCPs) together suggested that the contaminated sediments in the studied area to be a potential source of OCPs to the global ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhou
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; IJRC-PTS, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huayun Yang
- Environmental Protection Research Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Anping Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- IJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- IJRC-PTS, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Ssebugere P, Sillanpää M, Kiremire BT, Kasozi GN, Wang P, Sojinu SO, Otieno PO, Zhu N, Zhu C, Zhang H, Shang H, Ren D, Li Y, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorocyclohexanes in sediments and fish species from the Napoleon Gulf of Lake Victoria, Uganda. Sci Total Environ 2014; 481:55-60. [PMID: 24583652 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were analyzed in surface sediments (<30 cm depth) and two fish species: Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The samples were collected from the Napoleon Gulf on the northern shore of Lake Victoria. The analysis was done using a gas chromatograph (GC) coupled to a high resolution mass spectrometer for PCBs and a GC equipped with an electron capture detector for HCHs. Total (Σ) PCBs in the muscles of fish varied widely with mean values ranging from 41 to 670 pg g(-1) lipid weight (lw). The PCB levels in L. niloticus were significantly greater than those in O. niloticus. The large variability observed in the data was attributed to differences in feeding habits and trophic levels. While O. niloticus is a filter-eating fish species feeding mainly on phytoplankton and zooplankton, L. niloticus have predatory feeding behaviors and prefer a diet of live fish and, therefore, are more prone to bio-accumulate contaminants. The mean PCB concentrations in the sediments varied from 362 to 848 pg g(-1) dry weight. Variations in PCB levels were observed from one study site to another, this was attributed to the nature and particle size of the sediments. HCH isomers were detected in fish at mean concentrations of up to 45,900 pg g(-1) lw. The PCB and HCH concentrations were lower than those from previous studies elsewhere in literature and were below the maximum residue limits set by the European Commission and FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission, implying that the fish was fit for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ssebugere
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Bernard T Kiremire
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gabriel N Kasozi
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Samuel O Sojinu
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Alabata, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Peter O Otieno
- Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya
| | - Nali Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chaofei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Haidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hongtao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Daiwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Kim EJ, Park YM, Park JE, Kim JG. Distributions of new Stockholm Convention POPs in soils across South Korea. Sci Total Environ 2014; 476-477:327-35. [PMID: 24476973 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we monitored the newly added Stockholm Convention persistent organic pollutants (POPs) HCHs, PeCBz, endosulfans, chlordecone, PBDEs, PBBs and PFCs in industrial, urban, and agricultural soils in South Korea, in order to evaluate their distributions and potential sources. These POPs were widely distributed throughout South Korea, and their concentrations and distributions were affected by land use, reflecting their sources. The overall concentrations of HCHs, PeCBz, endosulfans, PBDEs, and PFCs in soils were in the range of ND (non-detectable)-0.358 ng/g (average±standard deviation: 0.060±0.080 ng/g), ND-0.531 ng/g (0.083±0.133 ng/g), 0.058-8.42 ng/g (2.19±2.43 ng/g), 0.004-4.78 ng/g (0.68±1.06 ng/g), and ND-1.62 ng/g (0.50±0.46 ng/g), respectively. Agricultural soils showed the highest concentration of endosulfan, which was the most recently used pesticide monitored in this study. On the other hand, industrial soils contained the highest concentrations of PeCBz, PBDEs, and PFCs, which were mainly introduced to environment via the industrial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 561-675, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Park
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Environmental Research Complex, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-Gu, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Environmental Research Complex, Kyungseo-Dong, Seo-Gu, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Guk Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 561-675, Republic of Korea.
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Wu C, Luo Y, Gui T, Huang Y. Concentrations and potential health hazards of organochlorine pesticides in (shallow) groundwater of Taihu Lake region, China. Sci Total Environ 2014; 470-471:1047-1055. [PMID: 24239826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A total of 27 shallow groundwater samples were collected from the Taihu Lake region (TLR), to determine the concentrations of 14 organochlorine pesticide (OCP) species, identify their possible sources, and estimate health risk of drinking the shallow groundwater. All OCP species occurred in the shallow groundwater of TLR with high detection frequency except p, p'-dichlorodiphenyldichlorothane (p, p'-DDD) and p, p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p, p'-DDT). DDTs and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were the dominant OCP contaminants in the shallow groundwater of TLR, and they account for 44.2% total OCPs. The low α-HCH/γ-HCH ratio, high β-HCH/(α+γ)-HCH ratio and β-HCH being the dominant HCH isomers for the majority of samples suggest that the HCHs were mainly from the historical use of lindane after a period of degradation. p, p'-DDE being the dominant DDT metabolite for all the samples indicated that the DDTs were mainly from the historical residues. Compositional analysis also suggested that there were fresh input sources of heptachlors, aldrins and endrins in addition to the historical residues. Correlation analysis indicated the hexachlorobenzene (HCB) impurity in the shallow groundwater of TLR was likely from the historical application of lindane and technical HCH (a mixture of HCH isomers that is produced by photochlorination of benzene). Carcinogenic risk values for α-HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrins and dieldrin in the shallow groundwater in majority area of TLR were found to be >10(-6), posing a potentially serious cancer risk to those dependant on shallow groundwater for drinking water.
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Key Words
- AT
- Aldrins
- BW
- C
- CDI
- CV
- Cancer risk
- Composition
- DDT
- DDTs
- ED
- EF
- Endrins
- GC-μECD
- HCB
- HCH
- HCHs
- HPLC
- HQ
- Heptachlors
- IR
- MDL
- OCP
- Organochlorine pesticides
- POPs
- PTFE
- PVC
- R
- R(f)D
- S/N
- SF
- SPE
- Shallow groundwater
- Source identification
- TLR
- Taihu Lake region
- US EPA
- United State Environmental Protection Agency
- aldrin and dieldrin
- average lifespan
- body weight
- carcinogenic risk
- chemical concentration in water
- chronic daily intake
- coefficient of variation
- dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
- endrin and endrin aldehyde
- exposure duration
- gas chromatography equipped with a (63)Ni electron capture detector
- hazard quotient
- heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide
- hexachlorobenzene
- hexachlorocyclohexane
- high performance liquid chromatography
- method detection limit
- organochlorine pesticide
- p, p′-DDD
- p, p′-DDE
- p, p′-DDE, p, p′-DDD and p, p′-DDT
- p, p′-dichlorodiphenyldichlorothane
- p, p′-dichlorodiphenylethane
- persistent organic pollutants
- polytetrafluoroethylene
- polyvinyl chloride
- reference dose of the contaminant via oral exposure
- signal versus noise value
- slope factor of the contaminant via oral exposure route
- solid phase extraction
- the exposure frequency
- water ingestion rate
- α-, β-, γ-, δ-isomers
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfa Wu
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yongming Luo
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Tong Gui
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Yujuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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38
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Cheng H, Lin T, Zhang G, Liu G, Zhang W, Qi S, Jones KC, Zhang X. DDTs and HCHs in sediment cores from the Tibetan Plateau. Chemosphere 2014; 94:183-189. [PMID: 24183627 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sediment cores were collected from five critical regions in the Tibetan Plateau and were analysed for OCPs with the objective of examining the time trends and recycling of DDTs and HCHs in the cryogenic area. A concurrent increase of the DDT and HCH concentrations from the late 1980s in Lake Yamzho Yumco, Nam Co and Star Sea were observed. The increasing levels of DDE/DDTs (>0.4) suggested that DDT in the upper layers of the sediment cores may be recycled/"weathered" DDT. Regarding the acceleration of glacier retreat from the 1980s due to global warming, it is suggested that OCPs formerly trapped either in the snow/glacier or in the frozen soil land recently reclaimed in the processes of glacier retreat may have been flushed into the sedimentary basins. These findings demonstrate the potential impact of global warming on the recycling of POPs in the plateau cryosphere and indicate that the pristine Tibetan Plateau may serve as one of the key probes to the global trend of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Cheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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39
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Barni MFS, Gonzalez M, Miglioranza KSB. Assessment of persistent organic pollutants accumulation and lipid peroxidation in two reproductive stages of wild silverside (Odontesthes bonariensis). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2014; 99:45-53. [PMID: 24183323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in streamwater can sometimes exceed the guidelines values reported for biota and human protection in watersheds with intensive agriculture. Oxidative stress and cytotoxicity are some of the markers of exposure to POPs in fish. Accumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as well as lipid peroxidation (LPO) was assessed in wild silverside (Odontesthes bonariensis) from maturation and pre-spawning stages sampled in a typical soybean growing area. Pollutants were quantified by gas chromatography with electron capture detection and LPO by the method of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Concentrations of POPs were in the following order: OCPs>PCBs>PBDEs in all organs and stages. Liver, gills and gonads had the highest OCP concentrations in both sexes and stages with a predominance of endosulfan in all samples. Matured individuals, sampled after endosulfan application period, showed higher endosulfan concentrations than pre-spawning individuals. The predominance of endosulfan sulfate could be due to direct uptake from diet and water column, as well as to the metabolism of the parent compounds in fish. The prevalence of p,p'-DDE in liver would also reflect both the direct uptake and the metabolic transformation of p,p'-DDT to p,p'-DDE by fish. The highest levels of PBDEs and PCBs were found in gills and brain of both stages of growth. The pattern BDE-47>BDE-100 in all samples corresponds to pentaBDE exposure. In the case of PCBs, penta (#101 and 110) and hexa-CB congeners (#153 and 138) dominated in the maturation stages and tri (#18) and tetra-CB (#44 and 52) in pre-spawning stages, suggesting biotransformation or preferential accumulation of heavier congeners during gonadal development. Differences in LPO levels in ovaries were associated with growth dilution and reproductive stage. Differences in LPO levels in gills were related with pesticide application periods. As a whole, endosulfan, a current-use pesticide, constituted the main pollutant found in wild silverside reflecting the intense agriculture activity in the study area. Moreover endosulfan was positively correlated with LPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Silva Barni
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Dean Funes 3350, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina.
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40
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Wang HS, Chen ZJ, Cheng Z, Du J, Man YB, Leung HM, Giesy JP, Wong CKC, Wong MH. Aquaculture-derived enrichment of hexachlorocyclohexanes ( HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in coastal sediments of Hong Kong and adjacent mainland China. Sci Total Environ 2014; 466-467:214-220. [PMID: 23895785 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate contamination of sediments along the coast of Hong Kong and adjacent mainland China, concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in surface and core sediments were measured in six mariculture zones. In surface sediments (0 to 5 cm), concentrations of ∑HCHs and ∑DDTs in mariculture sediments were approximately 1.3- and 7.7-fold greater, respectively, than those detected in sediments at corresponding reference sites, which were 1 to 2 km away in areas where there was no mariculture. Similarly, in cores of sediments, concentrations of ∑HCHs and ∑DDTs were 1.2- and 14-fold greater in mariculture zones, respectively. Enrichment relative to regional background concentrations, expressed as percentages was as large as 8.67 × 10(3)% for o,p'-DDD. The major sources of the enriched organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were hypothesized to be derived from the use of contaminated fish feeds and anti-fouling paints for maintaining fish cages. Results of ecological risk assessments revealed that enriched OCPs had a large potential to contaminate the surrounding marine environment and lead to adverse effects on the associated biota. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the differences of OCP contaminations between mariculture and natural coastal sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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41
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Kim KS, Lee YM, Kim SG, Lee IK, Lee HJ, Kim JH, Kim J, Moon HB, Jacobs DR, Lee DH. Associations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in visceral vs. subcutaneous adipose tissue with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Chemosphere 2014; 94:151-157. [PMID: 24161582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Background exposure to organochlorine (OC) pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been linked to type 2 diabetes. As OC pesticides and PCBs mainly accumulate in adipose tissue and there are physiological and clinical differences between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), we explored if there were associations of OC pesticides and PCBs in VAT or SAT with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Participants were 50 patients with or without type 2 diabetes who underwent surgery for either cancer or benign liver or gallbladder lesions. We analyzed 14 OC pesticides and 22 PCB congeners in both VAT and SAT. Insulin resistance was estimated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Although concentrations of OC pesticides and PCBs were strongly correlated between VAT and SAT, absolute concentrations differed substantially between them. In particular, concentrations of all PCBs were consistently about 5-10 times higher in VAT than SAT, but these patterns were independent of diabetes status. Some OC pesticides or PCBs, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), chlordanes, and PCBs with 5 or less chlorides showed significant associations with diabetes or insulin resistance. For example, when tertiles of concentration-based summary measures were used, adjusted ORs were 1.0, 2.3, and 9.0 (P trend=0.02) for DDTs in VAT and 1.0, 2.1, and 5.7 (P trend=0.08) for PCBs with 5 or less chlorides. This study generally confirmed previous findings using serum concentrations. It would be useful to study pharmacodynamics of POPs in VAT and SAT further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Su Kim
- Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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42
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Bedi JS, Gill JPS, Aulakh RS, Kaur P, Sharma A, Pooni PA. Pesticide residues in human breast milk: risk assessment for infants from Punjab, India. Sci Total Environ 2013; 463-464:720-726. [PMID: 23850662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Punjab state in India is an agrarian society, where agriculture is the lifeline of farming community. To keep pace with increasing demands of food for growing population the indiscriminate use of pesticides has led to the contamination of environment and food commodities in this region. Analysis of human breast milk samples (n=53) for pesticide residues revealed the presence of β-, γ-HCH, p,p' DDD, p,p' DDE, p,p' DDT and endrin with mean concentration of 97.9, 101.7, 239.8, 1574.1, 100.3 and 90.7 ng g(-1) lipid wt., respectively. In addition, occurrence of β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulphate, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in this study have also been reported for the first time in human breast milk in Punjab, India. With increase in parity, HCH and DDT residue burden in donor's milk decreased. Although levels of HCH and DDT residues in breast milk samples have decreased significantly, yet estimated daily intake values for DDT are higher than the FAO/WHO permissible tolerable daily intake values for few infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Bedi
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India.
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