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Caputo M, Andersson E, Xia Y, Hou W, Cansby E, Erikson M, Lind DE, Hallberg B, Amrutkar M, Mahlapuu M. Genetic Ablation of STE20-Type Kinase MST4 Does Not Alleviate Diet-Induced MASLD Susceptibility in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2446. [PMID: 38397122 PMCID: PMC10888586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its advanced subtype, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), have emerged as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, yet there is no targeted pharmacotherapy presently available. This study aimed to investigate the possible in vivo function of STE20-type protein kinase MST4, which was earlier implicated in the regulation of hepatocellular lipotoxic milieu in vitro, in the control of the diet-induced impairment of systemic glucose and insulin homeostasis as well as MASLD susceptibility. Whole-body and liver-specific Mst4 knockout mice were generated by crossbreeding conditional Mst4fl/fl mice with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the Sox2 or Alb promoters, respectively. To replicate the environment in high-risk subjects, Mst4-/- mice and their wild-type littermates were fed a high-fat or a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Different in vivo tests were conducted in obese mice to describe the whole-body metabolism. MASLD progression in the liver and lipotoxic damage to adipose tissue, kidney, and skeletal muscle were analyzed by histological and immunofluorescence analysis, biochemical assays, and protein and gene expression profiling. In parallel, intracellular fat storage and oxidative stress were assessed in primary mouse hepatocytes, where MST4 was silenced by small interfering RNA. We found that global MST4 depletion had no effect on body weight or composition, locomotor activity, whole-body glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Furthermore, we observed no alterations in lipotoxic injuries to the liver, adipose, kidney, or skeletal muscle tissue in high-fat diet-fed whole-body Mst4-/- vs. wild-type mice. Liver-specific Mst4-/- mice and wild-type littermates displayed a similar severity of MASLD when subjected to an MCD diet, as evidenced by equal levels of steatosis, inflammation, hepatic stellate cell activation, fibrosis, oxidative/ER stress, and apoptosis in the liver. In contrast, the in vitro silencing of MST4 effectively protected primary mouse hepatocytes against ectopic lipid accumulation and oxidative cell injury triggered by exposure to fatty acids. In summary, these results suggest that the genetic ablation of MST4 in mice does not mitigate the initiation or progression of MASLD and has no effect on systemic glucose or insulin homeostasis in the context of nutritional stress. The functional compensation for the genetic loss of MST4 by yet undefined mechanisms may contribute to the apparent discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro phenotypic consequences of MST4 silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmelie Cansby
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Max Erikson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Emil Lind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manoj Amrutkar
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Margit Mahlapuu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Caputo M, Xia Y, Anand SK, Cansby E, Andersson E, Marschall HU, Königsrainer A, Peter A, Mahlapuu M. STE20-type kinases MST3 and MST4 promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma: Evidence from human cell culture and expression profiling of liver biopsies. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23105. [PMID: 37490000 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300397rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal and fastest growing malignancies. Recently, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by liver steatosis, inflammation, cell injury (hepatocyte ballooning), and different stages of fibrosis, has emerged as a major catalyst for HCC. Because the STE20-type kinases, MST3 and MST4, have been described as critical molecular regulators of NASH pathophysiology, we here focused on determining the relevance of these proteins in human HCC. By analyzing public datasets and in-house cohorts, we found that hepatic MST3 and MST4 expression was positively correlated with the incidence and severity of HCC. We also found that the silencing of both MST3 and MST4, but also either of them individually, markedly suppressed the tumorigenesis of human HCC cells including attenuated proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mechanistic investigations revealed lower activation of STAT3 signaling in MST3/MST4-deficient hepatocytes and identified GOLGA2 and STRIPAK complex as the binding partners of both MST3 and MST4. These findings reveal that MST3 and MST4 play a critical role in promoting the progression of HCC and suggest that targeting these kinases may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sumit Kumar Anand
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmelie Cansby
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Margit Mahlapuu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Getu AA, Zhou M, Cheng SY, Tan M. The mammalian Sterile 20-like kinase 4 ( MST4) signaling in tumor progression: Implications for therapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 563:216183. [PMID: 37094736 PMCID: PMC10642761 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death in humans, with a complex and dynamic nature that makes it challenging to fully comprehend and treat. The Mammalian Sterile 20-Like Kinase 4 (MST4 or STK26) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a crucial role in cell migration and polarity in both normal and tumor cells via activation of intracellular signaling molecules and pathways. MST4 is involved in tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), survival, and cancer metastasis through modulation of downstream signaling pathways including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) pathways. Additionally, MST4 interacts with programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) to promote tumor proliferation and migration. MST4 phosphorylates autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase (ATG4B) to mediate autophagy signaling, promote tumor cell survival and proliferation, and contribute to treatment resistance. Taken together, MST4 functions as an oncogene and is a promising therapeutic target which deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayechew A Getu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
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Liu P, Li L, Wang W, He C, Xu C. MST4 promotes proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of gastric cancer by enhancing autophagy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16735. [PMID: 37313160 PMCID: PMC10258413 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mammalian infertile-20-like kinase 4 (MST4) plays major roles in the progression of malignant tumor types, but its function in gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood. Objective To investigate the regulatory mechanism of MST4 in GC. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect MST4 protein in GC tissue. Additionally, the correlation between MST4 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of GC was evaluated. The MST4 expression level in GC cells was measured by western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the regulatory mechanism of MST4 was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results Overexpression of MST4 was found in GC tissue and cell lines, which correlated to the tumor size, histological type, invasion depth, ulcer, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and TNM stage (all P < 0.01). In terms of MST4 functions in vitro, its upregulation facilitated the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells. Furthermore, MST4 promoted these processes by facilitating autophagy, whereas downregulation of MST4 significantly attenuated these processes. Downregulation of MST4 also attenuated tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion High expression of MST4 indicates a poor prognosis and promotes GC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by enhancing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Liu
- Departments of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Departments of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Li
- Departments of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Departments of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Chiyi He
- Departments of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Chunfang Xu
- Departments of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
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Shi X, Zou J, Wang Y, Zhao J, Ye B, Qi Q, Liu F, Hu J, Li S, Tian Y. MST4 as a novel therapeutic target for autophagy and radiosensitivity in gastric cancer. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:117-136. [PMID: 36239138 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian ste20-like kinase 4 (MST4) and autophagy have been implicated in ailments such as inflammatory and cancers. METHODS In this study, the expression of MST4 data was extracted from TCGA, GTEx, and GEPIA. The infiltration of immune cells and methylation level of MST4 in tumor and normal tissues were extracted from GEPIA 2021, TISIDB, UALCAN, EWAS, MethSurv, and MEXPRESS database. We also predict the efficacy of outcome prediction with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). All proteins expressions of MST4, P62, and LC3 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in paired Gastric cancer (GC) and para-cancerous normal tissue samples. We verify the effects of MST4 on irradiation-induced gastric death, and also investigate effects of MST4 activating autophagy in GC cell lines with various in vitro assays using western blotting. RESULTS We have confirmed the high transcription level of MST4 from TCGA, USLCAN, HPA, and other portals, but a rapid decrease in protein level. More, MST4 can be considered as an independent prognostic molecule, which has significant prognostic significance in tumor grade, anti-tumor treatment, histological type, and time-dependent ROC curve. The methylation degree of MST4 promoter region in tumor is much lower than that in normal tissue, which may be the main reason for the remarkably high transcription level of MST4. In addition, MST4 transcription level was significantly inversely proportional to the infiltration level of most immune cells. The MST4 up-regulation and the positive association of MST4 with autophagy expression were cross-validated in open-access datasets. CONCLUSIONS MST4, as an autophagy-associated protein, plays a potential role in inducing cell death by increasing protein content in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The No.2 People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, China
| | - Junwei Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yinhua Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The No.2 People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The No.2 People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The No.2 People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, China
| | - Qinghua Qi
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The No.2 People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The No.2 People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The No.2 People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Arora R, Kim JH, Getu AA, Angajala A, Chen YL, Wang B, Kahn AG, Chen H, Reshi L, Lu J, Zhang W, Zhou M, Tan M. MST4: A Potential Oncogene and Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244057. [PMID: 36552828 PMCID: PMC9777386 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian STE 20-like protein kinase 4 (MST4) gene is highly expressed in several cancer types, but little is known about the role of MST4 in breast cancer, and the function of MST4 during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has not been fully elucidated. Here we report that overexpression of MST4 in breast cancer results in enhanced cell growth, migration, and invasion, whereas inhibition of MST4 expression significantly attenuates these properties. Further study shows that MST4 promotes EMT by activating Akt and its downstream signaling molecules such as E-cadherin/N-cadherin, Snail, and Slug. MST4 also activates AKT and its downstream pro-survival pathway. Furthermore, by analyzing breast cancer patient tissue microarray and silicon datasets, we found that MST4 expression is much higher in breast tumor tissue compared to normal tissue, and significantly correlates with cancer stage, lymph node metastasis and a poor overall survival rate (p < 0.05). Taken together, our findings demonstrate the oncogenic potential of MST4 in breast cancer, highlighting its role in cancer cell proliferation, migration/invasion, survival, and EMT, suggesting a possibility that MST4 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Arora
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Jin-Hwan Kim
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Ayechew A. Getu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia
| | - Anusha Angajala
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Yih-Lin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Andrea G. Kahn
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Latif Reshi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ming Tan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Liu W, Ma Z, Wu Y, Yuan C, Zhang Y, Liang Z, Yang Y, Zhang W, Jiao P. MST4 negatively regulates type I interferons production via targeting MAVS-mediated pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:103. [PMID: 35820905 PMCID: PMC9274187 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytosolic RNA sensing can elicit immune responses against viral pathogens. However, antiviral responses must be tightly regulated to avoid the uncontrolled production of type I interferons (IFN) that might have deleterious effects on the host. Upon bacterial infection, the germinal center kinase MST4 can directly phosphorylate the adaptor TRAF6 to limit the inflammatory responses, thereby avoiding the damage caused by excessive immune activation. However, the molecular mechanism of how MST4 regulates virus-mediated type I IFN production remains unknown. METHODS The expression levels of IFN-β, IFIT1, and IFIT2 mRNA were determined by RT-PCR. The expression levels of p-IRF3, IRF3, RIG-I, MAVS, and MST4 proteins were determined by Western blot. The effect of secreted level of IFN-β was measured by ELISA. The relationship between MST4 and MAVS was investigated by immunofluorescence staining and coimmunoprecipitation. RESULTS In this study, we reported that MST4 can act as a negative regulator of type I IFN production. Ectopic expression of MST4 suppressed the Poly (I:C) (polyino-sinic-polycytidylic acid)- and Sendai virus (SeV)-triggered production of type I IFN, while the knockdown of MST4 enhanced the production of type I IFN. Mechanistically, upon SeV infection, the MST4 competed with TRAF3 to bind to the 360-540 domain of MAVS, thereby inhibiting the TRAF3/MAVS association. Additionally, MST4 facilitated the interaction between the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 and MAVS. This promoted the K48-linked ubiquitination of MAVS, thereby accelerating the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation of MAVS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that MST4 acted as a crucial negative regulator of RLR-mediated type I IFN production. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Zhenling Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yaru Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Cui Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zeyang Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Pengtao Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xia L, Yang Y, Wang P, Xu Y, Ren Z, Liu H. MST4 attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and affects the prognosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:31-38. [PMID: 34534636 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kinase MST4 limits inflammatory responses through direct phosphorylation of the adaptor TRAF6. TRAF6 interacts with NLRP3 to promote the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. However, the role of MST4 in neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and how it interacts with NLRP3 inflammasome remain unclear. METHODS Mice were administered MST4 AAV four weeks before collagenase-induced ICH. ICH mice received either hesperadin (MST4 selective inhibitor), or MCC950 (NLRP3 inflammasome selective inhibitor). Neurological deficits and brain water content were assessed. Western blot and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate the proteins content and localization in MST4/NLRP3 signaling pathway. RESULTS The expression of endogenous MST4 and NLRP3 was increased after ICH compared to sham group. MST4 and NLRP3 were respectively colocalized in microglia. Upregulation of MST4 gene inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, the release of IL-1β and TNF-α, and significantly improved brain edema and neurological deficits. Hesperadin pretreatment inhibited the expression of MST4 and increased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated proteins, which aggravated neurological deficits and cerebral edema. MCC950 markedly alleviated neurological deficits and brain edema but had no effect on the expression of MST4 protein. CONCLUSIONS MST4 alleviates inflammatory progression and brain injury in ICH mice possibly by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yating Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Zhenhua Ren
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Psychiatric Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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Dian MJ, Li J, Zhang XL, Li ZJ, Zhou Y, Zhou W, Zhong QL, Pang WQ, Lin XL, Liu T, Liu YA, Li YL, Han LX, Zhao WT, Jia JS, Xiao SJ, Xiao D, Xia JW, Hao WC. MST4 negatively regulates the EMT, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells by inactivating PI3K/AKT/Snail1 axis. J Cancer 2021; 12:4463-4477. [PMID: 34149910 PMCID: PMC8210547 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has a poor prognosis due to the high incidence of invasion and metastasis-related progression. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive, and valuable biomarkers for predicting invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis of HCC patients are still lacking. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on HCC tissues (n = 325), and the correlations between MST4 expression of the clinical HCC tissues, the clinicopathologic features, and survival were further evaluated. The effects of MST4 on HCC cell migratory and invasive properties in vitro were evaluated by Transwell and Boyden assays. The intrahepatic metastasis mouse model was established to evaluate the HCC metastasis in vivo. The PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, and a specific siRNA against Snail1 were used to investigate the roles of PI3K/AKT pathway and Snail1 in MST4-regulated EMT, migration, and invasion of HCC cells, respectively. Results: In this study, by comprehensively analyzing our clinical data, we discovered that low MST4 expression is highly associated with the advanced progression of HCC and serves as a prognostic biomarker for HCC patients of clinical-stage III-IV. Functional studies indicate that MST4 inactivation induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells, promotes their migratory and invasive potential in vitro, and facilitates their intrahepatic metastasis in vivo, whereas MST4 overexpression exhibits the opposite phenotypes. Mechanistically, MST4 inactivation elevates the expression and nuclear translocation of Snail1, a key EMT transcription factor (EMT-TF), through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thus inducing the EMT phenotype of HCC cells, and enhancing their invasive and metastatic potential. Moreover, a negative correlation between MST4 and p-AKT, Snail1, and Ki67 and a positive correlation between MST4 and E-cadherin were determined in clinical HCC samples. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that MST4 suppresses EMT, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells by modulating the PI3K/AKT/Snail1 axis, suggesting that MST4 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for aggressive and metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Juan Dian
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Li
- Radiotherapy Center, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zi-Jian Li
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen-Qian Pang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yi-An Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yong-Long Li
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liu-Xin Han
- The third people's hospital of Kunming (The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University), Kunming 650041, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Jun-Shuang Jia
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng-Jun Xiao
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jia-Wei Xia
- The third people's hospital of Kunming (The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Dali University), Kunming 650041, China
| | - Wei-Chao Hao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliation Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510062, China
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10
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Yu H, Zhang W, Han P, Yang B, Feng X, Zhou P, Zhu X, Zhou B, Chen W, Qian J, Yu J. MST4 Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Choriocarcinoma by Mediating TGF-β1 Expression. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11935-11946. [PMID: 33244239 PMCID: PMC7683511 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s269168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mammalian Ste20-like kinase 4 (MST4), also known as serine/threonine kinase 26 (STK26), promotes development of several cancers and is found to be highly expressed in the placenta. However, in choriocarcinoma that originated from the placenta, the expression of MST4 was undetermined and its mechanism was unknown. In this study, the expression of MST4 in choriocarcinoma as well as the underlying mechanism was explored. Purpose To detect the expression of MST4 in patient samples and mechanism of mediating EMT by MST4 in choriocarcinoma. Patients and Methods The metastatic lesions of choriocarcinoma (n=17) and volunteer villus (n=17) were collected to determine MST4 expression using immunohistochemistry and H&E staining. We use siRNA and lentiviral vector to knockdown MST4 and use plasmid to overexpress MST4 in choriocarcinoma. Then, we apply real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot assay and immunofluorescence assay to detect target protein expressions. Cell invasion and migration and cell proliferation were detected by transwell assay and wound healing assay and CCK-8 and cell colony formation. Results MST4 is lowly expressed in the metastatic lesions of choriocarcinoma patients when compared with normal villus. Knockdown of MST4 activated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, significantly increasing the ability of invasion and migration in choriocarcinoma cell lines (JAR and JEG-3). In contrast, the EMT process was restrained in choriocarcinoma cell lines with overexpressed MST4. Meanwhile, genome-wide gene expression array, Western blot and ELISA revealed that tumor growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) has significantly increased. The EMT process and metastatic prompting biofunction were reversed after using TGF-β1 inhibitor (LY364947) in the choriocarcinoma cell lines with MST4 knockdown. Conclusion Our studies demonstrated that MST4 was lowly expressed in patient samples. Additionally, JAR and JEG-3 increase cell invasion and migration ability while there is no influence on cell proliferation with MST4 knockdown. Conversely, the metastatic ability of JAR and JEG-3 was decreased with overexpressed MST4. Moreover, TGF-β1 was a key factor after MST4 knockdown. In conclusion, MST4 affects choriocarcinoma EMT by mediating TGF-β1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Yu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery First Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilin Han
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Beng Yang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery First Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaode Feng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery First Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Pujiang 322200, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Qian
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery First Affiliated Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, People's Republic of China
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11
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Liu X, You J, Peng X, Wang Q, Li C, Jiang N, Che C, Zhou Y, Zheng H, Zhang Z, Zhao G, Lin J. Mammalian Ste20-like kinase 4 inhibits the inflammatory response in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:107021. [PMID: 33182037 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian Ste20-like kinase 4 (MST4), a new member of the germinal-center kinase STE20 family, was recently demonstrated to be a negative regulator of inflammation. However, whether MST4 participates in the inflammatory response to fungal infection remains unknown. Our study investigated the role and molecular mechanisms of MST4 in mice cornea and corneal epithelial cells exposed to Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus). Protein level of MST4 was detected in mice corneas and human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) by Western blot analysis. The MST4 protein level was significantly elevated in mice corneas infected with A. fumigatus and HCECs exposed to A. fumigatus. MST4 expression was also detected in mice corneas by immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, we found recombinant MST4 inhibited proinflammatory cytokines expressions induced by A. fumigatus at both the mRNA and protein levels in mice corneas and HCECs. To further investigate the mechanism of MST4's anti-inflammatory effect in A. fumigatus keratitis, we verified recombinant MST4 can inhibit curdlan-mediated proinflammatory cytokines production in HCECs. Surprisingly, recombinant MST4 protein downregulated A. fumigatus-induced Dectin-1 expression in both mRNA and protein levels in mice corneas. Recombinant MST4 can inhibit the mRNA expression level of Dectin-1 which was induced by curdlan in HCECs. MST4 can also inhibit the expression of Dectin-1 in mRNA levels increased by Dectin-1 overexpression plasmid in HCECs. Moreover, A. fumigatus or curdlan significantly induced the phosphorylation of Syk, which was consequently suppressed by recombinant MST4. Finally, recombinant MST4 promotes HCECs proliferation, which contribute to cornea wound healing. Taken together, our results provide evidences that MST4 inhibits inflammatory signaling response in A. fumigatus keratitis by downregulating Dectin-1/p-Syk pathway and simultaneously promotes HCECs proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia You
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengye Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hengrui Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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12
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Nguyen N, Olivas TJ, Mires A, Jin J, Yu S, Luan L, Nag S, Kauffman KJ, Melia TJ. The insufficiency of ATG4A in macroautophagy. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13584-13600. [PMID: 32732290 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During autophagy, LC3 and GABARAP proteins become covalently attached to phosphatidylethanolamine on the growing autophagosome. This attachment is also reversible. Deconjugation (or delipidation) involves the proteolytic cleavage of an isopeptide bond between LC3 or GABARAP and the phosphatidylethanolamine headgroup. This cleavage is carried about by the ATG4 family of proteases (ATG4A, B, C, and D). Many studies have established that ATG4B is the most active of these proteases and is sufficient for autophagy progression in simple cells. Here we examined the second most active protease, ATG4A, to map out key regulatory motifs on the protein and to establish its activity in cells. We utilized fully in vitro reconstitution systems in which we controlled the attachment of LC3/GABARAP members and discovered a role for a C-terminal LC3-interacting region on ATG4A in regulating its access to LC3/GABARAP. We then used a gene-edited cell line in which all four ATG4 proteases have been knocked out to establish that ATG4A is insufficient to support autophagy and is unable to support GABARAP proteins removal from the membrane. As a result, GABARAP proteins accumulate on membranes other than mature autophagosomes. These results suggest that to support efficient production and consumption of autophagosomes, additional factors are essential including possibly ATG4B itself or one of its proteolytic products in the LC3 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Taryn J Olivas
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Antonio Mires
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; National Agrarian University-La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Jiaxin Jin
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shenliang Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lin Luan
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shanta Nag
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Karlina J Kauffman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas J Melia
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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13
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Hao WC, Zhong QL, Pang WQ, Dian MJ, Li J, Han LX, Zhao WT, Zhang XL, Xiao SJ, Xiao D, Lin XL, Jia JS. MST4 inhibits human hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest via suppression of PI3K/AKT pathway. J Cancer 2020; 11:5106-5117. [PMID: 32742458 PMCID: PMC7378920 DOI: 10.7150/jca.45822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: MST4 has exhibited functions in regulating cell polarity, Golgi apparatus, cell migration, and cancer. Mechanistically, it affects the activity of p-ERK, Hippo-YAP pathway and autophagy. The aim of this study is to further examine the functions of MST4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanism. Methods: The expression level of MST4 in HCC and noncancer adjacent liver tissues was determined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining. Wild-type MST4 (MST4) and a dominant-negative mutant of MST4 (dnMST4) were overexpressed in HCC cell lines, respectively. CCK-8 assay, EdU incorporation assay, and soft agar assay were used to determine cell proliferation in vitro. The xenograft mouse model was employed to determine HCC cell growth in vivo. Cell cycle analysis was performed by PI staining and flow cytometry. The expression of key members in PI3K/AKT pathway was detected by Western blot analysis. Results: In our study, we reported new evidence that MST4 was frequently down-regulated in HCC tissues. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that MST4 negatively regulated in vitro HCC cell proliferation. Additionally, MST4 overexpression suppressed Bel-7404 cell tumor growth in nude mice. Further experiments revealed that the growth-inhibitory effect of MST4 overexpression was partly due to a G1-phase cell cycle arrest. Importantly, mechanistic investigations suggested that dnMST4 significantly elevated the phosphorylation levels of key members of PI3K/AKT pathway, and the selective PI3K inhibitor LY294002 can reverse the proliferation-promoting effect of dnMST4. Conclusions: Overall, our results provide a new insight into the clinical significance, functions and molecular mechanism of MST4 in HCC, suggesting that MST4 might have a potential therapeutic value in the HCC clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chao Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen-Qian Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mei-Juan Dian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Radiotherapy Center, the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Liu-Xin Han
- The third people's hospital of Kunming, Kunming 650041, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumour Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Sheng-Jun Xiao
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun-Shuang Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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14
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Li T, Deng L, He X, Jiang G, Hu F, Ye S, You Y, Duanmu J, Dai H, Huang G, Tang C, Lei X. MST4 Predicts Poor Prognosis And Promotes Metastasis By Facilitating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition In Gastric Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:9353-9369. [PMID: 31807065 PMCID: PMC6842314 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s219689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis is the main cause for gastric cancer (GC)-related deaths. Better understanding of GC metastatic mechanism would provide novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Though it has been reported that mammalian sterile-20-like kinase 4 (MST4) exerts the oncogenic role in other tumors, the prognostic value and biological role of MST4 in GC are still unknown. Methods The expression level of MST4 in GC was analyzed by using TCGA database. Then, Western blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the MST4 expression in GC tissues and cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the expression of proteins in human GC tissues, and its correlation with clinicopathologic parameters as well as the prognosis for patients with GC was analyzed. In addition, the biological function and its molecular mechanism of MST4 in GC were investigated by in vitro and in vivo assays. Results It demonstrated that MST4 expression was significantly upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. High expression of MST4 was correlated with aggressive clinicopathological parameters such as lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion (all P < 0.05). GC patients with high MST4 expression had both shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) than those with low MST4 expression (all P < 0.05). MST4 expression was an independent and significant risk factor for OS and DFS of GC patients (all P < 0.05). Results of functional experiments showed that MST4 could promote GC cells migration, invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. In terms of mechanism, MST4 promoted metastasis by facilitating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) through activating Ezrin pathway in GC. Further studies indicate that down-regulated miR-124-3p expression contributes to upregulated MST4 expression in GC. Conclusion Our data showed that MST4 predicts poor prognosis and promotes metastasis by facilitating epithelial–mesenchymal transition in GC. Therefore, our study suggests that MST4 can be used as a valuable prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Diagnostic Medical Sonography, Jiangxi Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang 337000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanping Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu You
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhong Duanmu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Dai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Lei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yu H, Wei W, Cao W, Zhan Z, Yan L, Wu K, Xie D, Cai B, Xie Y, Xiao Q. Regulation of cell proliferation and metastasis by microRNA-593-5p in human gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7429-7440. [PMID: 30425531 PMCID: PMC6204852 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s178151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA (miRNA) array analysis has reported that the expression of miR-593-5p is associated with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer (GC); however, the function and mechanism of miR-593-5p in GC have not been described yet. miR-593-5p has also not been elucidated widely in other cancers. Methods miR-593-5p expression was detected by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in human GC tissues and cell lines. Cell proliferation was investigated using CCK-8 assays, cell cycle was detected by flow cytometric method, and cell migration and invasion abilities were evaluated by wound-healing and transwell assays. miR-593-5p-influenced gene expression profiles were detected by total gene expression chip method in MGC-803 cells, and miR-593-5p candidate target genes were predicted using bioinformatics methods. The candidate target gene and downstream of miR-593-5p were determined by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The effects of miR-593-5p on the growth and metastasis of GC were evaluated by tumor xenograft experiment in vivo. Results miR-593-5p was frequently downregulated in GC patients and GC cell lines. miR-593-5p was significantly correlated with tumor size and distant metastasis in GC patients. miR-593-5p inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and also arrested cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase in SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells in vitro. miR-593-5p also suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. miR-593-5p influenced gene expression profile in MGC-803 cells. MST4 was indirectly targeted by miR-593-5p. miR-593-5p also downregulated FAK, MMP12, and JUN protein expression. Conclusion Our study suggests that miR-593-5p may function as a tumor suppressor in GC through a mechanism that regulates JUN pathway via indirectly targeting the MST4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,
| | - Weiyuan Wei
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China, .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenlong Cao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,
| | - Zexu Zhan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,
| | - Linhai Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,
| | - Dongyi Xie
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,
| | - Bin Cai
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,
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Chen M, Zhang H, Shi Z, Li Y, Zhang X, Gao Z, Zhou L, Ma J, Xu Q, Guan J, Cheng Y, Jiao S, Zhou Z. The MST4-MOB4 complex disrupts the MST1-MOB1 complex in the Hippo-YAP pathway and plays a pro-oncogenic role in pancreatic cancer. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14455-14469. [PMID: 30072378 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 1 (MST1)-MOB kinase activator 1 (MOB1) complex has been shown to suppress the oncogenic activity of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the mammalian Hippo pathway, which is involved in the development of multiple tumors, including pancreatic cancer (PC). However, it remains unclear whether other MST-MOB complexes are also involved in regulating Hippo-YAP signaling and have potential roles in PC. Here, we report that mammalian STE20-like kinase 4 (MST4), a distantly related ortholog of the MST1 kinase, forms a complex with MOB4 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. We found that the overall structure of the MST4-MOB4 complex resembles that of the MST1-MOB1 complex, even though the two complexes exhibited opposite biological functions in PC. In contrast to the tumor-suppressor effect of the MST1-MOB1 complex, the MST4-MOB4 complex promoted growth and migration of PANC-1 cells. Moreover, expression levels of MST4 and MOB4 were elevated in PC and were positively correlated with each other, whereas MST1 expression was down-regulated. Because of divergent evolution of key interface residues, MST4 and MOB4 could disrupt assembly of the MST1-MOB1 complex through alternative pairing and thereby increased YAP activity. Collectively, these findings identify the MST4-MOB4 complex as a noncanonical regulator of the Hippo-YAP pathway with an oncogenic role in PC. Our findings highlight that although MST-MOB complexes display some structural conservation, they functionally diverged during their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Hui Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Zhubing Shi
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Yehua Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Ziyang Gao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Li Zhou
- the School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, and
| | - Jian Ma
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Qi Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Jingmin Guan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- the Department of Hematology and Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi Jiao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031,
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, .,the School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, and
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Mardakheh FK, Self A, Marshall CJ. RHO binding to FAM65A regulates Golgi reorientation during cell migration. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4466-4479. [PMID: 27807006 PMCID: PMC5201024 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.198614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional cell migration involves reorientation of the secretory machinery. However, the molecular mechanisms that control this reorientation are not well characterised. Here, we identify a new Rho effector protein, named FAM65A, which binds to active RHOA, RHOB and RHOC. FAM65A links RHO proteins to Golgi-localising cerebral cavernous malformation-3 protein (CCM3; also known as PDCD10) and its interacting proteins mammalian STE20-like protein kinases 3 and 4 (MST3 and MST4; also known as STK24 and STK26, respectively). Binding of active RHO proteins to FAM65A does not affect the kinase activity of MSTs but results in their relocation from the Golgi in a CCM3-dependent manner. This relocation is crucial for reorientation of the Golgi towards the leading edge and subsequent directional cell migration. Our results reveal a previously unidentified pathway downstream of RHO that regulates the polarity of migrating cells through Golgi reorientation in a FAM65A-, CCM3- and MST3- and MST4-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz K Mardakheh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Annette Self
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Christopher J Marshall
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Biology, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
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Jiang H, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yao WW, Jiang J, Qin B, Yao WY, Liu F, Wu H, Ward TL, Chen CW, Liu L, Ding X, Liu X, Yao X. Cell Polarity Kinase MST4 Cooperates with cAMP-dependent Kinase to Orchestrate Histamine-stimulated Acid Secretion in Gastric Parietal Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:28272-28285. [PMID: 26405038 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.668855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The digestive function of the stomach depends on acidification of the gastric lumen. Acid secretion into the lumen is triggered by activation of the PKA cascade, which ultimately results in the insertion of gastric H,K-ATPases into the apical plasma membranes of parietal cells. A coupling protein is ezrin, whose phosphorylation at Ser-66 by PKA is required for parietal cell activation. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanism(s) by which this signaling pathway operates in gastric acid secretion. Here we show that PKA cooperates with MST4 to orchestrate histamine-elicited acid secretion by phosphorylating ezrin at Ser-66 and Thr-567. Histamine stimulation activates PKA, which phosphorylates MST4 at Thr-178 and then promotes MST4 kinase activity. Interestingly, activated MST4 then phosphorylates ezrin prephosphorylated by PKA. Importantly, MST4 is important for acid secretion in parietal cells because either suppression of MST4 or overexpression of non-phosphorylatable MST4 prevents the apical membrane reorganization and proton pump translocation elicited by histamine stimulation. In addition, overexpressing MST4 phosphorylation-deficient ezrin results in an inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Taken together, these results define a novel molecular mechanism linking the PKA-MST4-ezrin signaling cascade to polarized epithelial secretion in gastric parietal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- BUCM-USTC Joint Program in Cellular Dynamics and Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- BUCM-USTC Joint Program in Cellular Dynamics and Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China,; Molecular Imaging Center, Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30310
| | - Yin Zhang
- BUCM-USTC Joint Program in Cellular Dynamics and Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China,; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - William W Yao
- Molecular Imaging Center, Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30310
| | - Jiying Jiang
- BUCM-USTC Joint Program in Cellular Dynamics and Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Bo Qin
- BUCM-USTC Joint Program in Cellular Dynamics and Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China,; Molecular Imaging Center, Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30310
| | - Wendy Y Yao
- Molecular Imaging Center, Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30310
| | - Fusheng Liu
- BUCM-USTC Joint Program in Cellular Dynamics and Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China,; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Airforce General Hospital, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- BUCM-USTC Joint Program in Cellular Dynamics and Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China,; Molecular Imaging Center, Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30310
| | - Tarsha L Ward
- Molecular Imaging Center, Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30310
| | - Chun Wei Chen
- BUCM-USTC Joint Program in Cellular Dynamics and Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Airforce General Hospital, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Xia Ding
- BUCM-USTC Joint Program in Cellular Dynamics and Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China,; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xing Liu
- BUCM-USTC Joint Program in Cellular Dynamics and Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China,; Molecular Imaging Center, Atlanta Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30310.
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- BUCM-USTC Joint Program in Cellular Dynamics and Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China,.
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Zhang H, Ma X, Peng S, Nan X, Zhao H. Differential expression of MST4, STK25 and PDCD10 between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:8105-8111. [PMID: 25550858 PMCID: PMC4270628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC) are common diseases for men around the world. Both serine/threonine protein kinase MST4 (MST4) and serine/threonine kinase 25 (STK25) belong to the Ste20-like kinases and interact with programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) which is closely linked to cancer diseases. To clarify the roles of MST4, STK25 and PDCD10 in prostate carcinogenesis, we examined MST4, STK25 and PDCD10 expression in tissue microarray blocks containing 110 cores of BPH and 160 cores of PC immunohistochemically and evaluated their correlation with clinicopathological findings. MST4 was not expressed in all the BPH cases and expressed in 38.7% of PC cases (P < 0.0001). STK25 expression was found in 77.3% of BPH cases and 93.1% of PC cases (P < 0.0001). PDCD10 staining was considered weak in 82 (74.5%) and strong in 28 (25.5%) of BPH cases. However, in prostate cancer cases, PDCD10 staining was weak in 95 (59.4%) and strong in 65 (40.6%) (P < 0.05). PDCD10 and STK25 immunostaining were associated with age in prostatic hyperplasia cases (P < 0.05). The staining intensity for STK25 was significantly greater in Gleason grades 3-5 (47.1% of such cases staining strongly) compared with other grades of prostate cancer (only 26.5% of these cases staining strongly; P < 0.05). Our results suggest that MST4, STK25 and PDCD10 are unregulated in prostate cancer and may play roles in prostate tumorigenesis. MST4 may be a helpful marker for identifying prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking UniversityNo. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, PR China
- Human Disease Genomics Center, Peking University38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, PR China
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School of Stomatology22 South Zhongguancun Road, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Saihui Peng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking UniversityNo. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, PR China
- Human Disease Genomics Center, Peking University38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu Nan
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, PR China
- Human Disease Genomics Center, Peking University38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongshan Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, PR China
- Human Disease Genomics Center, Peking University38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, PR China
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