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Liu T, Wu J, Aziz T, Xue R, Khowdiary MM, Yang Z. Changes of physicochemical and functional properties of processed cheese made with natural cheddar and mozzarella cheeses during refrigerated storage. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3714. [PMID: 38355789 PMCID: PMC10867016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate changes of physicochemical and functional properties of the processed cheeses (PCs) made with Cheddar (PC1), Mozzarella (PC2) and both of them at a ratio of 1:1 (PC3) during storage at 4 °C for 4 months. The results showed that the type of natural cheese used affected the composition of PCs with lower fat content in PC2 due to the lower fat content of Mozzarella cheese used. PC2 with lower fat content showed decreased meltability and oil leakage compared with PC1 and PC3. The stretchability of all the samples significantly (P < 0.05) decreased during storage, and PC1 showed lower stretchability. This was confirmed by increased protein hydrolysis of all the samples during the storage with a higher level of proteolysis in PC1, leading to decreased stretchability of PCs. Further low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated more entrapped water in cheese due to moisture migration into the cheese matrix that might squeeze the fat globules to aggregate, causing more fat leakage during later stages of storage. This was evidenced by microstructural analysis showing different extents of increase in fat particle sizes and decrease in free serum in all the PC samples over the storage time. Therefore, the present study provides further understanding of the mechanism of quality change of PC during refrigerated storage as affected by proteolytic properties and composition of natural cheese used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongji Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health of Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jingwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health of Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health of Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Rui Xue
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health of Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Manal M Khowdiary
- Department of Chemistry, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhennai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health of Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Liu L, Huang G, Li S, Meng Q, Ye F, Chen J, Ming J, Zhao G, Lei L. Replacement of fat with highland barley β-glucan in zein-based cheese: Structural, rheological, and textual properties. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100907. [PMID: 38144851 PMCID: PMC10740142 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, few plant-based cheese provides satisfactory viscoelastic property like conventional cheese, promoting the application of zein. Our study prepared zein-based cheese containing different concentrations (0-30 %) of highland barley β-glucan (HBG) as a fat replacer. Increased HBG caused smaller and more uniform oil droplets in zein network. SAXS pattern implied Rg decreased from 0.936 nm to 0.567 nm with increased HBG concentration. The stretchability of Cheddar and Violife cheese was 23.69 cm and 6.72 cm, respectively, while that of zein-based cheese added with HBG was 7.76-16.47 cm. The melting behavior of zein-based cheese did not fully mimic Cheddar cheese, but those of HBG5 and HBG10 were more comparable than Violife cheese. Violife cheese lacked hardness and gumminess compared to Cheddar cheese, while more similarities in textural properties were observed between Cheddar and zein-based cheese added with 10 % HBG. Our results provide opportunities in creating meltable low-fat plant-based cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Guobao Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, Guangxi 537000, PR China
| | - Shuying Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qifan Meng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Fayin Ye
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jian Ming
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Lin Lei
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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Shan C, Bauman L, Che M, Kim AR, Su R, Zhao B. Organohydrogels with cellulose nanofibers enhanced supramolecular interactions toward high performance self-adhesive sensing pads. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121211. [PMID: 37659812 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Gel materials with tailored functions and tissue-like properties have gained significant interest in emerging applications, including tissue engineering scaffolds, flexible electronics, and soft robotics. In this work, we developed a stretchable, flexible, adhesive, and conductive organohydrogel through physical cross-linking of the poly (N-[tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl] acrylamide-co-acrylamide) (denoted as P(THMA-AM)) network in the presence of cellulose nanofiber (CNF), sodium chloride, and glycerol. The gel matrix is rich in intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions, which contribute to a highly compact and cohesive structure without the requirement of any chemical crosslinkers. Moreover, the plasticizing effect of glycerol can mitigate the self-entanglement of CNFs, enhancing their mobility and ultimately conferring the organohydrogel with exceptional stretchability and flexibility. The resulting organohydrogel exhibited superior mechanical properties, self-adhesion, and ionic conductivity, making it an excellent candidate for strain-sensing applications, particularly in distinguishing and monitoring human movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Polymer Research, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lukas Bauman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Polymer Research, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mingda Che
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - A-Reum Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Polymer Research, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, PR China.
| | - Boxin Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Polymer Research, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Lee J, Bark H, Xue Y, Lee PS, Zhong M. Size-Selective Ionic Crosslinking Provides Stretchable Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306994. [PMID: 37597178 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically compliant conductors are of utmost importance for the emerging fields of soft electronics and robotics. However, the development of intrinsically deformable organic conductors remains a challenge due to the trade-off between mechanical performance and charge mobility. In this study, we report a solution to this issue based on size-selective ionic crosslinking. This rationally designed crosslinking mediated by length-regulated oligo(ethylene glycol) pendant groups and metal ions simultaneously improved the softness and toughness and ensured excellent mixed ionic-electronic conductivity in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate composite materials. Moreover, the added ions remarkably promoted accumulation of charge carriers in response to temperature gradient, thus offering a viable approach to stretchable thermoelectric generators with enhanced stability against humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Bark
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yazhen Xue
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Tong R, Ma Z, Yao R, Gu P, Li T, Liu L, Guo F, Zeng M, Xu J. Stretchable and transparent alginate ionic gel film for multifunctional sensors and devices. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125667. [PMID: 37406908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable substrates based on pure natural polymers have attracted widespread attention for next-generation "green" electronics. However, fabrication of stretchable and "green" electronic sensors with integrated high stretchability, optical transmittance and good conductivity still remains tremendous challenges. Herein, alginate ionic gel films (AIGFs) with integrated high stretchability (tensile strength of 4.13 MPa and 191.1 % fracture strain) and excellent transparent properties (transparency of ∼92 %) are achieved by the glycerol inducing physical crosslinking and CaCl2 initiating ionic crosslinking, a simple soaking and drying strategy. The obtained gel films not only exhibit good ionic conductivity, but also high reliability, wide-range sensing, and multiple sensitivity to external stimulus. More importantly, these ionic conductive gel films as green substrates are successfully utilized for construction of flexible and patterned optoelectronic devices. This promising strategy will open up new powerful routes to construct highly stretchable, transparent, and ionic conductive substrates for multifunctional sensors and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Tong
- Key Laboratory of Air-driven Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Zhihui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Air-driven Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Rui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Air-driven Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Key Laboratory of Air-driven Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Air-driven Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China.
| | - Linfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Air-driven Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Fazhan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Air-driven Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Mingshun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Air-driven Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Junfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Air-driven Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China.
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Zhang Z, Shang M, Julian McClements D, Qiu C, Ji N, Dai L, Qin Y, Xiong L, Sun Q. Effects of annealing temperature and time on the structural and physicochemical properties of sweet potato flour hydrogels. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100674. [PMID: 37101422 PMCID: PMC10123135 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of sweet potato flour (SPF) can be modified by annealing. Native SPF was annealed in deionized water at a flour-to-water ratio of 1:3 (w/v) and temperatures of 50, 55, 60, or 65 °C for either 12 or 24 h. Annealed SPF maintained the A-type crystalline region and displayed increased relative crystallinity, increased pasting temperature, and decreased breakdown. SPF gels showed enhanced hardness together with better springiness when SPF was annealed at low temperature/long time or high temperature/short time. Annealed SPF hydrogel sheets contained larger, more uniform, and smoother pores than native ones. Noticeably, hydrogel sheets made of SPF annealed at 50 °C for 24 h exhibited advanced fracture strain from 93% to 176%. Overall, this work showed that annealing could modulate the characteristics of SPR hydrogels, which may widen the extent of applications in food industries. However, the annealing conditions need to be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Mengshan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | | | - Chao Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Na Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lei Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yang Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
- Corresponding authors at: College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, China.
| | - Liu Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, China
- Corresponding authors at: College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, China.
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Lou T, Chen K, Luo Q, Liu C, Yuan Y, Fan C. Periosteum-inspired in situ CaP generated nanocomposite hydrogels with strong bone adhesion and superior stretchability for accelerated distraction osteogenesis. Biomater Res 2022; 26:91. [PMID: 36581951 PMCID: PMC9801553 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an efficacious but lengthy procedure to reconstruct segmental bone defects under the principle of tension-stress, during which the periosteum-mediated mechanical stimulation plays a pivotal role. Inspired by the dynamic process of DO and the mechanical stimulation of periosteum, a new design of bionic periosteum was developed to simulate the mechanical transduction of natural periosteum for the application in DO procedure. METHODS In this study, an injectable organic-inorganic hybrid hydrogel was developed based on a novel combination of the PEGylated poly (glycerol sebacate) (PEGS) polymer network and in situ formed CaP nanoparticles (ICPNs). Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured and tested in vitro to evaluate biocompatibility, cell adhesion, proliferation, and pro-osteogenic and pro-angiogenic activity. In vivo experiments were conducted in the rat tibial model of distraction osteogenesis. RESULTS The developed nanocomposite hydrogels exhibited excellent injectability, robust bone adhesion, superior stretchability, and enhanced osteogenic activity. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies showed that PEGS/ICPN hydrogels could promote new bone formation and mineralization during the dynamic distraction process through the synergistic effects of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This periosteum-inspired nanocomposite hydrogel represents a mechanobiology approach for effectively restoring large bone defects through the dynamic DO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Lou
- grid.412528.80000 0004 1798 5117Orthopaedic Department, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China ,grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Luo
- grid.412528.80000 0004 1798 5117Orthopaedic Department, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China ,grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China ,grid.28056.390000 0001 2163 4895Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- grid.412528.80000 0004 1798 5117Orthopaedic Department, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 People’s Republic of China
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Chen Q, Han YH, Franco LR, Marchiori CFN, Genene Z, Araujo CM, Lee JW, Phan TNL, Wu J, Yu D, Kim DJ, Kim TS, Hou L, Kim BJ, Wang E. Effects of Flexible Conjugation-Break Spacers of Non-Conjugated Polymer Acceptors on Photovoltaic and Mechanical Properties of All-Polymer Solar Cells. Nanomicro Lett 2022; 14:164. [PMID: 35962874 PMCID: PMC9375791 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS A series of non-conjugated acceptor polymers with flexible conjugation-break spacers (FCBSs) of different lengths were synthesized. The effect of FCBSs length on solubility of the acceptor polymers, and their photovoltaic and mechanical properties in all-polymer solar cells were explored. This work provides useful guidelines for the design of semiconducting polymers by introducing FCBS with proper length, which can giantly improved properties that are not possible to be achieved by the state-of-the-art fully conjugated polymers. ABSTRACT All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) possess attractive merits including superior thermal stability and mechanical flexibility for large-area roll-to-roll processing. Introducing flexible conjugation-break spacers (FCBSs) into backbones of polymer donor (PD) or polymer acceptor (PA) has been demonstrated as an efficient approach to enhance both the photovoltaic (PV) and mechanical properties of the all-PSCs. However, length dependency of FCBS on certain all-PSC related properties has not been systematically explored. In this regard, we report a series of new non-conjugated PAs by incorporating FCBS with various lengths (2, 4, and 8 carbon atoms in thioalkyl segments). Unlike common studies on so-called side-chain engineering, where longer side chains would lead to better solubility of those resulting polymers, in this work, we observe that the solubilities and the resulting photovoltaic/mechanical properties are optimized by a proper FCBS length (i.e., C2) in PA named PYTS-C2. Its all-PSC achieves a high efficiency of 11.37%, and excellent mechanical robustness with a crack onset strain of 12.39%, significantly superior to those of the other PAs. These results firstly demonstrate the effects of FCBS lengths on the PV performance and mechanical properties of the all-PSCs, providing an effective strategy to fine-tune the structures of PAs for highly efficient and mechanically robust PSCs. [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-022-00884-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaonan Chen
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Yung Hee Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Leandro R Franco
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 65188, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Cleber F N Marchiori
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 65188, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Zewdneh Genene
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - C Moyses Araujo
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 65188, Karlstad, Sweden
- Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tan Ngoc-Lan Phan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingnan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Donghong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Lintao Hou
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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Liu Y, Xu X, Wei Y, Chen Y, Gao M, Zhang Z, Si C, Li H, Ji X, Liang J. Tailoring Silver Nanowire Nanocomposite Interfaces to Achieve Superior Stretchability, Durability, and Stability in Transparent Conductors. Nano Lett 2022; 22:3784-3792. [PMID: 35486490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as a promising candidate for transparent stretchable conductors (TSCs). However, the strong interface mismatch of stiff AgNWs and elastic substrates leads to the stress concentration at their interface and ultimately the low stretchability and poor durability of TSCs. Here, to address the interfacial mismatch of AgNWs-based TSCs we put forward a universal interface tailoring strategy that introduces the mercapto compound as the intermediate cross-linked layer. The mercapto compound strongly interacts with the AgNWs, forming a dense protective layer on their surface to improve their corrosion resistance, and reacts with the polymer substrate, forming a buffer layer to release the concentrated stress. As a result, the optimized TSCs showed superior stretchability (160%), exceptional durability (230 000 cycles), competent optoelectrical performance (18.0 ohm·sq-1 with a transmittance of 86.5%), and prominent stability. This work provides clear guidance and a strong impetus for the development of transparent stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wei
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Yongsong Chen
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Zhengjian Zhang
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Chuanling Si
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
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10
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Song F, Kong Y, Shao C, Cheng Y, Lu J, Tao Y, Du J, Wang H. Chitosan-based multifunctional flexible hemostatic bio-hydrogel. Acta Biomater 2021; 136:170-183. [PMID: 34610476 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Realizing the potential application of chitosan as an effective biomedical hemostatic agent has become an emerging research hotspot. However, fabricating a flexible chitosan-based hemostatic bio-hydrogel with self-adhesion feature in humid conditions and rapid hemostasis capability remains a challenge. Herein, we reported the development of chitosan-based hydrogels (DCS-PEGSH gels) with typical multilevel pore structures, which were cross-linked by 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) propionic acid-modified chitosan (DCS) and sebacic acid-terminated polyethylene glycol modified by p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (PEGSH). By precisely regulating the proportion of PEGSH, the fabricated bio-hydrogels displayed favorable cytocompatibility, suitable stretchability (∼780%), and blood absorbability (1300% ± 50%). Moreover, the strong adhesion (∼68.5 kPa) of the assembled bio-hydrogel ensured its firm adherence on pigskin and on bleeding wound in both static and dynamic humid environments without shedding, thus providing a long service life. The fabricated hydrogels exhibited shorter blood clotting time (50 s) and lower blood clotting index (BCI, 41) than the commercial chitosan sponge (288 s, BCI 65). Notably, the amount of blood loss from the liver in mice was reduced by almost 90% as compared to that for the control group. This study paves a solid way for developing a chitosan-based hydrogel with self-adhesive, self-healing, stretchability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial and antioxidant properties through molecular design and structural regulation, which will enable the biomedical application of chitosan in emergency hemostasis, particularly in joints and extremities. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The design and preparation of multifunctional integrated green adhesive bio-hydrogels while avoiding the use of organic solvents and toxic chemical reagents has been an emerging challenge. Herein, a flexible chitosan-based hemostatic bio-hydrogel that integrates multifunctional properties was successfully synthesized. The bio-hydrogel displayed suitable stretchability (780%) and blood absorbability (1300% ± 50%). Moreover, the strong adhesion (68.5 kPa) ensured firm adherence of the assembled hydrogel on pigskin and on the bleeding wound site in both static and dynamic humid environments without shedding, thus providing a long service life. In addition, the designed hydrogel showed good compatibility and antibacterial performance. The dynamic Schiff base endowed the bio-hydrogel with excellent self-healing performance without any external stimuli.
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11
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Zhang H, Liu D, Lee JH, Chen H, Kim E, Shen X, Zheng Q, Yang J, Kim JK. Anisotropic, Wrinkled, and Crack-Bridging Structure for Ultrasensitive, Highly Selective Multidirectional Strain Sensors. Nanomicro Lett 2021; 13:122. [PMID: 34138324 PMCID: PMC8096879 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible multidirectional strain sensors are crucial to accurately determining the complex strain states involved in emerging sensing applications. Although considerable efforts have been made to construct anisotropic structures for improved selective sensing capabilities, existing anisotropic sensors suffer from a trade-off between high sensitivity and high stretchability with acceptable linearity. Here, an ultrasensitive, highly selective multidirectional sensor is developed by rational design of functionally different anisotropic layers. The bilayer sensor consists of an aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) array assembled on top of a periodically wrinkled and cracked CNT-graphene oxide film. The transversely aligned CNT layer bridge the underlying longitudinal microcracks to effectively discourage their propagation even when highly stretched, leading to superior sensitivity with a gauge factor of 287.6 across a broad linear working range of up to 100% strain. The wrinkles generated through a pre-straining/releasing routine in the direction transverse to CNT alignment is responsible for exceptional selectivity of 6.3, to the benefit of accurate detection of loading directions by the multidirectional sensor. This work proposes a unique approach to leveraging the inherent merits of two cross-influential anisotropic structures to resolve the trade-off among sensitivity, selectivity, and stretchability, demonstrating promising applications in full-range, multi-axis human motion detection for wearable electronics and smart robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeng-Hun Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haomin Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingbin Zheng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinglei Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jang-Kyo Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Gonçalves I, Hernández D, Cruz C, Lopes J, Barra A, Nunes C, da Silva JAL, Ferreira P, Coimbra MA. Relevance of genipin networking on rheological, physical, and mechanical properties of starch-based formulations. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117236. [PMID: 33357844 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The small amount of proteins in starch-rich food industry byproducts can be an advantage to crosslink with genipin and tailor the performance of biobased films. In this work, genipin was combined with non- purified starch recovered from industrial potato washing slurries and used for films production. Starch recovered from potato washing slurries contained 0.75% protein, 2 times higher than starch directly obtained from potato and 6 times higher than the commercial one. Starch protein-genipin networks were formed with 0.05% and 0.10% genipin, gelatinized at 75 °C and 95 °C in presence of 30% glycerol. Bluish colored films were obtained in all conditions, with the higher surface roughness (Ra, 1.22 μm), stretchability (elongation, 31%), and hydrophobicity (water contact angle, 127°) for 0.10% genipin and starch gelatinized at 75 °C. Therefore, starch-rich byproducts, when combined with genipin, are promising for surpassing the starch-based films hydrophilicity and mechanical fragilities while providing light barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idalina Gonçalves
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana Hernández
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Cruz
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana Lopes
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Barra
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - José A Lopes da Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Paula Ferreira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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13
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Oliveira G, Gonçalves I, Barra A, Nunes C, Ferreira P, Coimbra MA. Coffee silverskin and starch-rich potato washing slurries as raw materials for elastic, antioxidant, and UV-protective biobased films. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109733. [PMID: 33292966 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Food processing wastes together with the perishable foodstuff loss promote environmental and societal concerns. Food byproducts can have value as a source of functional molecules for developing active packaging without food waste, under a circular economy. Nevertheless, the often-associated extraction/chemical processes compromise the sustainability of food byproducts reusability. In this work, coffee silverskin (CS) and starch, recovered from coffee roasting and potato industries, respectively, were together gelatinized to form in-situ films. Targeting to fit with the food application requirements, it is important to understand the influence of crude CS amount (1%, 5%, and 10% w/w of dry starch weight) on potato starch-based film properties. CS conferred a brownish coloration to the films, maintaining their transparency. The films colour intensity, antioxidant activity, and water tolerance were directly related with the CS dosage. Moreover, as high the CS amount, higher the elasticity, stretchability, and UV radiation absorption of the pristine films. These data emphasized that CS molecules extracted during gelatinization prevented the starch-starch hydrogen bonding and conferred functional and barrier properties. Overall, adding crude CS during potato starch gelatinization revealed to be an efficient strategy to tune the performance of potato starch-based films, opening an opportunity for valorising coffee roasting and potato byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Oliveira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Idalina Gonçalves
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana Barra
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Ferreira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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14
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Zhao L, Yin Y, Jiang B, Guo Z, Qu C, Huang Y. Fast room-temperature self-healing siloxane elastomer for healable stretchable electronics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 573:105-114. [PMID: 32278169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Siloxane elastomers having simultaneously high stretchability, fast and efficient self-healing abilities at room temperature and excellent mechanical properties have broad application prospects in many fields. However, it is still challenging to satisfy this request. In this work, a stretchable, fast self-healing siloxane elastomer was successfully synthesized by introducing aromatic disulfides into a siloxane matrix. The resulting siloxane elastomer exhibited a tensile stress of 0.5 MPa, an elongation at break over 1000%, and a healing efficiency above 95% at room temperature. The healed siloxane elastomer could recover an elongation at break of 357 ± 15% after healing for only one minute at room temperature. A healing efficiency higher than 90% was achieved even after surface aging or by overlap contact, which was due to the presence of the dynamic disulfide bonds. Furthermore, the elastomer was successfully deployed as the substrate for self-healing stretchable electronics. As a proof-of-concept, stretchable electrode and stretchable strain sensors were produced, and they all showed high stretchability, fast self-healing properties at room temperature and high durability and stability, paving the way to promising applications in stretchable and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhao
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, China; MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Yin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Chunyan Qu
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yudong Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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15
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Lee DE, Choi EY, Yang HJ, Murthy ASN, Singh T, Lim JM, Im J. Highly stretchable superhydrophobic surface by silica nanoparticle embedded electrospun fibrous mat. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 555:532-540. [PMID: 31404837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Obtaining simultaneous stretchability and superhydrophobicity remains a great challenge in stretchable electronics, and wearable devices. Inspired by natural surfaces, such as lotus leaf, surface roughness and coating materials are the fundamental requirements to achieve superhydrophobicity. EXPERIMENTS We prepared an elastic fibrous mat by electrospinning of a composite solution made of thermoplastic elastomer as an organic polymer matrix, and silica nanoparticles as inorganic additives to support surface roughness. To enhance hydrophobicity, the pristine mat was immersed into a solution of fluorinated material, which can decrease the surface energy. FINDINGS The pristine fibrous mat showed high stretchability (with more than 1000% strain), and superhydrophobicity (with a contact angle of 156°, and a sliding angle of 7.8°). Superhydrophobicity did not disappear when the fibrous mat was stretched up to 1000%. Sliding angles were less than 10° under different strain levels only in longitudinal direction, suggesting the stretchable superhydrophobic surface is effective in rolling off the water droplet in one direction. The fibrous mat was repeatedly stretched 1000 times to 1000% strain; the material showed stable stretchability and superhydrophobicity. Based on these observations, the resulting fibrous mat appears to be in the Cassie-Baxter wetting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Eun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Akula S N Murthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejinder Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungkyun Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Abstract
This study investigates the mechanical and long-term electrical properties of parylene-caulked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a substrate for implantable electrodes. The parylene-caulked PDMS is a structure where particles of parylene fill the porous surface of PDMS. This material is expected to have low water absorption and desirable mechanical properties such as flexibility and elasticity that are beneficial in many biomedical applications. To evaluate the mechanical property and electrical stability of parylene-caulked PDMS for potential in-vivo uses, tensile tests were conducted firstly, which results showed that the mechanical strength of parylene-caulked PDMS was comparable to that of native PDMS. Next, surface electrodes based on parylene-caulked PDMS were fabricated and their impedance was measured in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution at 36.5 °C over seven months. The electrodes based on parylene-caulked PDMS exhibited the improved stability in impedance over time than native PDMS. Thus, with improved electrical stability in wet environment and preserved mechanical properties of PDMS, the electrodes based on parylene-caulked PDMS are expected to be suitable for long-term in-vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmo Jeong
- School of Mechatronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Namsun Chou
- School of Mechatronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Fan Z, Zhang Y, Ma Q, Zhang F, Fu H, Hwang KC, Huang Y. A finite deformation model of planar serpentine interconnects for stretchable electronics. Int J Solids Struct 2016; 91:46-54. [PMID: 27695135 PMCID: PMC5042350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lithographically defined interconnects with filamentary, serpentine configurations have been widely used in various forms of stretchable electronic devices, owing to the ultra-high stretchability that can be achieved and the relative simple geometry that facilitates the design and fabrication. Theoretical models of serpentine interconnects developed previously for predicting the performance of stretchability were mainly based on the theory of infinitesimal deformation. This assumption, however, does not hold for the interconnects that undergo large levels of deformations before the structural failure. Here, an analytic model of serpentine interconnects is developed starting from the finite deformation theory of planar, curved beams. Finite element analyses (FEA) of the serpentine interconnects with a wide range of geometric parameters were performed to validate the developed model. Comparisons of the predicted stretchability to the estimations of linear models provide quantitative insights into the effect of finite deformation. Both the theoretical and numerical results indicate that a considerable overestimation (e.g., > 50% relatively) of the stretchability can be induced by the linear model for many representative shapes of serpentine interconnects. Furthermore, a simplified analytic solution of the stretchability is obtained by using an approximate model to characterize the nonlinear effect. The developed models can be used to facilitate the designs of serpentine interconnects in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fan
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Fu
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Keh-Chih Hwang
- Center for Mechanics and Materials, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Center for Engineering and Health; Skin Disease Research Center; Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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