1
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Prout C. [Nidcap behavioral observation]. Soins Pediatr Pueric 2024; 45:19-21. [PMID: 38365390 DOI: 10.1016/j.spp.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Who says Neonatal Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (Nidcap) says observation of the baby's behavior. But what is a Nidcap observation? Who are the professionals who can use this method and what are their objectives? How does an observation of this type take place? How do professionals approach their analyzes with parents? Which babies benefit from it? What does this practice bring to the caregiver who uses it? So many questions that are important to address to better understand the Nidcap observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Prout
- Service de néonatalogie, Hôpital des enfants, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Toulouse, 330 avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
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2
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION When cross-sucking persists beyond calf-hood, it represents an important problem in dairy heifers and cows. It can cause teat injuries and severe mastitis and lead to significant economic losses. The «SuckStop Müller,» a novel anti-sucking device, is designed to give the calf a negative feedback when cross-sucking on a conspecific. The aim of this study was to assess whether wearing a SuckStop would result in behavioral changes other than cross-sucking and thus, impair welfare in the short- and longer-term. Sixteen group-housed calves were observed in groups of four on five days, before and after fitting the SuckStop: day -2, day -1, day 0, day 1, and day 9. Maintenance behaviors (e.g., feeding, drinking, lying) were recorded using instantaneous scan sampling. In addition, the frequency of contact behaviors (e.g., exploring the feeding fence, touching own body) was recorded by means of continuous focal animal observations. Contact behaviors were classified as «impaired» or «normal» depending on whether or not the calf flinched in response to the contact. Finally, the number of visits to the milk and concentrate feeders was extracted from the computer-controlled feeding system. Fitting a SuckStop resulted in a higher proportion of observations spent lying and less exploration behavior on day 0 and day 1 than on day -2, day -1, and day 9. On day 0 and day 1, 6,3 % of exploration behaviors were classified as impaired, compared to 0,4 % (day -2, day -1) before and 0,2 % (day 9) after fitting the SuckStop. On day 9, all calves had superficial ulcerations on the nasal septum. In four calves, these ulcerations were moderately severe, whereas all other calves had slight ulcerations. In summary, the calves habituated quickly to this novel anti-sucking device. Follow-up studies are necessary to assess the long-term relevance of tissue alterations in the nasal septum for calf welfare as well as the effect of the SuckStop on cross-sucking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bisang
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern
| | - C Rufener
- Centre for Proper Housing of Ruminants and Pigs, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO), Agroscope, Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - A Steiner
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern
| | - B Wechsler
- Centre for Proper Housing of Ruminants and Pigs, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO), Agroscope, Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - N M Keil
- Centre for Proper Housing of Ruminants and Pigs, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO), Agroscope, Ettenhausen, Switzerland
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3
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Abstract
To combat SARS-Cov-2, hygiene is essential for the safety of caregivers and saves lives. In hospital as well as in everyday social and professional environments, everyone is concerned by hygiene and distancing rules. It is an opportunity for us to reinvent ourselves, protect ourselves and protect the most vulnerable. In hospital, at the heart of the crisis, the action of the infection control team, which includes the infection control nurse, is one of the cornerstones of the fight against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Litaize
- Hôpital d'instruction des armées Legouest, 27 avenue de Plantières, BP 90001, 57077 Metz cedex 3, France
| | - Yannick Heuchon
- Hôpital d'instruction des armées Legouest, 27 avenue de Plantières, BP 90001, 57077 Metz cedex 3, France
| | - Pascale Perez
- Hôpital d'instruction des armées Legouest, 27 avenue de Plantières, BP 90001, 57077 Metz cedex 3, France
| | | | - Hugues Lefort
- Hôpital d'instruction des armées Legouest, 27 avenue de Plantières, BP 90001, 57077 Metz cedex 3, France.
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4
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Abstract
Many studies require the ability to quantify locomotor behavior over time. The list of tracking softwares and their capabilities are constantly growing. At the 2019 CanFly Conference, we presented preliminary results from an investigation of the effects of expressing polyglutamine repeats in fly muscles on longevity, locomotion, and protein aggregation. Numerous requests have been received regarding our protocol to measure locomotion and how to use the FlyTracker MatLab software. This report describes a versatile locomotion measuring device and custom MatLab scripts for the extraction, analysis, and compilation of FlyTracker data in a format compatible with spreadsheet softwares. The measurement and analysis of multiple genotypes of both sexes across age demonstrates that this method yields reproducible results that confirm that normal aging is associated with a progressive decline in locomotion as indicated by increased immobility and reduced velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Barwell
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, BioSciences Complex, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,Department of Biology, Queen's University, BioSciences Complex, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sehaj Raina
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, BioSciences Complex, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,Department of Biology, Queen's University, BioSciences Complex, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Laurent Seroude
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, BioSciences Complex, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,Department of Biology, Queen's University, BioSciences Complex, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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5
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Lipscombe LL, Delos-Reyes F, Glenn AJ, de Sequeira S, Liang X, Grant S, Thorpe KE, Price JAD. The Avoiding Diabetes After Pregnancy Trial in Moms Program: Feasibility of a Diabetes Prevention Program for Women With Recent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Can J Diabetes 2019; 43:613-620. [PMID: 31669188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim in this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a home-based diabetes prevention program, delivered by interdisciplinary certified diabetes educators (CDEs), and customized for postpartum women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This pilot randomized trial recruited women with GDM from 24 to 40 weeks gestation from 4 centres, and trained 10 CDEs in behaviour coaching, physical activity (PA) and low glycemic index education. Women were randomized after 3 months postpartum to standard care (1 visit) or 1 of 3 24-week coaching interventions (1 visit and 12 telephone calls): i) PA and diet, ii) PA only or iii) diet only. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, retention, adherence and satisfaction. RESULTS Of 1,342 eligible patients, 392 were actively invited (29.3%) and 227 (16.9%) consented. Of these, 149 (65.6%) were randomized postpartum, of whom 131 (87.9%) started the program and 105 (70.5%) attended the final assessment. Intervention arm participants completed a median 75% (interquartile range, 50% to 92%) of telephone calls. Visit and call duration were a mean 71.4 (standard deviation, 13.8) and 18.1 (standard deviation, 6.5) minutes, respectively. Participants reported excellent/very good satisfaction 73% of the time, and 87% would recommend the program to others. CONCLUSIONS A home-based diabetes prevention program customized for postpartum women with GDM can be feasibly delivered by CDEs, and it is associated with >70% retention, adherence and satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine L Lipscombe
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Faith Delos-Reyes
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea J Glenn
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie de Sequeira
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinyun Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannan Grant
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount St Vincent's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kevin E Thorpe
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A D Price
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Crawford DA, Heinrich KM, Drake NB, DeBlauw J, Carper MJ. Heart rate variability mediates motivation and fatigue throughout a high-intensity exercise program. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:193-202. [PMID: 31287963 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity exercise interventions are often promoted as a time-efficient public health intervention to combat chronic disease. However, increased physical effort and subsequent fatigue can be barriers to long-term maintenance of high-intensity exercise programs. The purpose of the present study was to determine if heart rate variability (HRV) mediated state traits related to exercise program adherence. Fifty-five healthy men and women (ages 19-35 years) used a commercially available smartphone application to monitor daily HRV status throughout a 6-week high-intensity exercise intervention. Participants reported state motivation to exercise and global physical fatigue immediately prior to each exercise session. Temporary shifts toward increased parasympathetic reactivation (p = 0.030) resulted in significant increases in daily fatigue (p < 0.001) and decreases in motivation to exercise (p = 0.028). Through modulation of exercise volume, in response to these temporary shifts in HRV, these effects were reversed (p < 0.001) via increased parasympathetic withdrawal (p = 0.018). For the first time, these data demonstrate a mediating effect of HRV on adherence-related trait states throughout a high-intensity exercise program. Applied strategies, such as appropriately timed exercise volume moderation, may be able to leverage this effect and help facilitate long-term exercise program maintenance. Novelty These data establish a link between expected shifts in HRV throughout high-intensity exercise programs with motivation to participate and physical fatigue. Modulation of training volume, in response to these shifts, can optimize adherence-related behavioral responses during high-exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Crawford
- School of Nutrition, Kinesiology and Psychological Science, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO 64093, USA
| | - Katie M Heinrich
- Functional Intensity Training Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Nicholas B Drake
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, & Recreation, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
| | - Justin DeBlauw
- Functional Intensity Training Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Michael J Carper
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance, & Recreation, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS 66762, USA
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7
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Macgregor AP, Borghese MM, Janssen I. Is replacing time spent in 1 type of physical activity with another associated with health in children? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:937-943. [PMID: 30653335 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Altering the proportion of total physical activity time accumulated while participating in different types of physical activity may influence health. Our objective was to use observational data to estimate whether replacing time from 1 type of physical activity with another is associated with physical and mental health indicators among children. Participants were 385 children aged 10-13 years. They wore a Global Positioning System watch and accelerometer and completed an activity log for 7 days. Data from these instruments was used to estimate time spent in outdoor active play, organized sport, curriculum-based physical activity at school, and active transportation. A cardiometabolic risk factor score was created from body fat, resting heart rate, and resting blood pressure measures. An internalizing symptoms score was created using anxiety and depression symptom questionnaire items. Isotemporal substitution models estimated if health indicators changed when time in 1 type of physical activity was replaced with equivalent time from another. The results indicated that time spent in all types of physical activity combined was associated with the cardiometabolic risk factor and internalizing symptom scores. Replacing active transportation with outdoor active play was associated with an increase in the internalizing symptoms score but a decrease in the cardiometabolic risk factor score. The internalizing symptoms score decreased when active transportation was replaced by equivalent time in organized sport. Other time substitutions were not significant. In conclusion, the total time spent participating in physical activity and not a specific type of physical activity was the most consistent correlate of the health indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P Macgregor
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Michael M Borghese
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Bleker LS, de Rooij SR, Roseboom TJ. Malnutrition and depression in pregnancy and associations with child behaviour and cognitive function: a review of recent evidence on unique and joint effects 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:158-173. [PMID: 30624959 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies suggest that prenatal experiences can shape a child's neurodevelopment. Malnutrition and depression occur in pregnancy relatively often and may affect child neurodevelopment independently as well as synergistically. We aimed to provide an overview of recent studies that have examined malnutrition and (or) depression in pregnancy and associations with child behavioural problems and cognitive function. We conducted a literature search in PubMed, using the following main search terms: "depression", "nutrition", "BMI", "pregnancy", "offspring", "cognition", and "behaviour". We included studies in human populations published from 2013 onwards. The literature search yielded 1531 articles, of which 55 were included in the current review. We presented the evidence on the associations between prenatal markers of nutritional status and (or) depression and child behaviour and (or) cognitive function. We additionally discussed interventions and mechanisms. Both malnutrition and depression in pregnancy are associated with increased externalizing behavioural problems and attentional deficits, and to some extent with poorer cognitive function in the child, but the evidence is not conclusive. Studies on synergistic effects of both factors on child behaviour and cognitive function are still scarce, and more research is needed. Potential shared mechanisms include the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the immune system, epigenetics, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Bleker
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,b Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne R de Rooij
- b Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,b Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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9
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Delage M. [Clinical application of attachment]. Soins Pediatr Pueric 2017; 38:17-18. [PMID: 28499475 DOI: 10.1016/j.spp.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
By favouring the proximity of a caregiver, attachment is essential for enabling children to live and grow. It constitutes both an emotion regulator and an internal security base. It is a complex process which evolves throughout a person's lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Delage
- Université de Toulon, CS 60584, 83041 Toulon cedex 9, France.
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10
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Poitras VJ, Gray CE, Borghese MM, Carson V, Chaput JP, Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Pate RR, Connor Gorber S, Kho ME, Sampson M, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 41:S197-239. [PMID: 27306431 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1036] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is essential for disease prevention and health promotion. Emerging evidence suggests other intensities of physical activity (PA), including light-intensity activity (LPA), may also be important, but there has been no rigorous evaluation of the evidence. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationships between objectively measured PA (total and all intensities) and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Online databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies that met the a priori inclusion criteria: population (apparently healthy, aged 5-17 years), intervention/exposure/comparator (volumes, durations, frequencies, intensities, and patterns of objectively measured PA), and outcome (body composition, cardiometabolic biomarkers, physical fitness, behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour, cognition/academic achievement, quality of life/well-being, harms, bone health, motor skill development, psychological distress, self-esteem). Heterogeneity among studies precluded meta-analyses; narrative synthesis was conducted. A total of 162 studies were included (204 171 participants from 31 countries). Overall, total PA was favourably associated with physical, psychological/social, and cognitive health indicators. Relationships were more consistent and robust for higher (e.g., MVPA) versus lower (e.g., LPA) intensity PA. All patterns of activity (sporadic, bouts, continuous) provided benefit. LPA was favourably associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers; data were scarce for other outcomes. These findings continue to support the importance of at least 60 min/day of MVPA for disease prevention and health promotion in children and youth, but also highlight the potential benefits of LPA and total PA. All intensities of PA should be considered in future work aimed at better elucidating the health benefits of PA in children and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Joan Poitras
- a Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Casey Ellen Gray
- a Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Michael M Borghese
- b School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- c Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- a Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- b School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Russell R Pate
- e Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sarah Connor Gorber
- f Office of the Task Force on Preventive Health Care, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michelle E Kho
- g School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Margaret Sampson
- h Library and Media Services, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- a Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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Many GM, Kendrick Z, Deschamps CL, Sprouse C, Tosi LL, Devaney JM, Gordish-Dressman H, Barfield W, Hoffman EP, Houmard JA, Pescatello LS, Vogel HJ, Shearer J, Hittel DS. Genetic characterization of physical activity behaviours in university students enrolled in kinesiology degree programs. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:278-284. [PMID: 28177749 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Studies of physical activity behaviours have increasingly shown the importance of heritable factors such as genetic variation. Nonsynonymous polymorphisms of alpha-actinin 3 (ACTN3) and the β-adrenergic receptors 1 and 3 (ADRB1 and ADRB3) have been previously associated with exercise capacity and cardiometabolic health. We thus hypothesized that these polymorphisms are also related to physical activity behaviours in young adults. To test this hypothesis we examined relationships between ACTN3 (R577X), ARDB1 (Arg389Gly), ADRB3 (Trp64Arg), and physical activity behaviours in university students. We stratified for student enrollment in kinesiology degree programs compared with nonmajors as we previously found this to be a predictor of physical activity. We did not identify novel associations between physical activity and ACTN3. However, the minor alleles of ADRB1 and ADRB3 were significantly underrepresented in kinesiology students compared with nonmajors. Furthermore, carriers of the ADRB1 minor allele reported reduced participation in moderate physical activity and increased afternoon fatigue compared with ancestral allele homozygotes. Together, these findings suggest that the heritability of physical activity behaviours in young adults may be linked to nonsynonymous polymorphisms within β-adrenergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Many
- a Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,f Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zachary Kendrick
- a Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Courtney Sprouse
- a Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laura L Tosi
- a Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph M Devaney
- a Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Whitney Barfield
- a Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- a Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- c Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Hans J Vogel
- e Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- b Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,e Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dustin S Hittel
- e Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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12
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Hrncic D, Mikić J, Rasic-Markovic A, Velimirović M, Stojković T, Obrenović R, Rankov-Petrović B, Šušić V, Djuric D, Petronijević N, Stanojlovic O. Anxiety-related behavior in hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine nutritional overload in rats: role of the brain oxidative stress. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1074-1082. [PMID: 27389677 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a methionine-enriched diet on anxiety-related behavior in rats and to determine the role of the brain oxidative status in these alterations. Adult male Wistar rats were fed from the 30th to 60th postnatal day with standard or methionine-enriched diet (double content comparing with standard diet: 7.7 g/kg). Rats were tested in open field and light-dark tests and afterwards oxidative status in the different brain regions were determined. Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine-enriched diet in this study decreased the number of rearings, as well as the time that these animals spent in the center of the open field, but increased index of thigmotaxy. Oxidative status was selectively altered in the examined regions. Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the cortex and nc. caudatus of rats developing hyperhomocysteinemia, but unaltered in the hippocampus and thalamus. Based on the results of this research, it could be concluded that hyperhomocysteinemia induced by methionine nutritional overload increased anxiety-related behavior in rats. These proanxiogenic effects could be, at least in part, a consequence of oxidative stress in the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Hrncic
- a Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Mikić
- a Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Rasic-Markovic
- a Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Velimirović
- b Institute of Clinical and Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tihomir Stojković
- b Institute of Clinical and Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radmila Obrenović
- c Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Rankov-Petrović
- a Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Veselinka Šušić
- d Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Djuric
- a Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Petronijević
- b Institute of Clinical and Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Stanojlovic
- a Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Belgrade University Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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13
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Bourcelot E, Combes J. [Type 2 diabetes, obesity and nutrition, a paradigm shift]. Soins 2016; 61:13-16. [PMID: 27157552 DOI: 10.1016/j.soin.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are two complex and multifactorial chronic diseases. Nutritional management is based on an educational and bio-psycho-sensory approach centred on the patient using cognitive-behavioural and emotionally-focused therapy tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bourcelot
- CHU Jean Minjoz, 3 Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France.
| | - Jérôme Combes
- CHU Jean Minjoz, 3 Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France
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14
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Liu N, Li YX, Gong SS, Du J, Liu G, Jin SJ, Zhao CJ, Niu Y, Sun T, Yu JQ. Antinociceptive effects of gentiopicroside on neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury in mice: a behavioral and electrophysiological study. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:769-78. [PMID: 27175624 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gentiopicroside (Gent) is promising as an important protective secoiridoid compound against pain. The present study was designed to investigate whether administration of Gent would alleviate the expression of nociceptive behaviors and whether it would cause the relevant electrophysiological changes in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain in mice. Gent was administered from the seventh day after surgery for 8 consecutive days. Behavioral parameters and sciatic functional index were assessed immediately before surgery and on days 7, 8, 10, 12, and 14 post-CCI, and electrophysiological activities of sciatic nerve were recorded immediately after the behavioral test on the last day. The present study has shown that administration of Gent (at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg) increased behavioral parameters from day 8 compared with the CCI-NS group. Electrophysiological data indicated that CCI caused a significant reduction in nerve conduction velocities in the sciatic nerves and the amplitudes of compound action potential, while Gent at a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg caused a significant recovery of electrophysiological changes induced by CCI. Our data indicated that Gent has antinociceptive effects on neuropathic pain induced by CCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- a Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiang Li
- b College of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Gong
- a Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- a Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- a Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Ju Jin
- c Luohe Medical College, Luohe 462002, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jun Zhao
- d Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Niu
- e Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- f Ningxia Key Lab of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- a Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, People's Republic of China
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15
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Pal R, Gulati K, Banerjee BD, Ray A. Pharmacological and biochemical studies on the protective effects of melatonin during stress-induced behavioral and immunological changes in relation to oxidative stress in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:296-301. [PMID: 26754541 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Stress is known to precipitate neuropsychiatric diseases, and depending upon its nature and intensity it can also influence the functioning of the immune system. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine) a pineal gland hormone and potent antioxidant is known to protect against many diseases. Effect of melatonin in stress-induced neuro-immunomodulation is not well elucidated. Therefore in the present study, the protective effects of melatonin were evaluated in restraint stress (RS)-induced behavioral and immunological changes in rats. RS for 1 h significantly reduces (i) percentage of open-arm entries and (ii) percentage of time spent on open-arm in elevated plus maze (EPM) test parameters (p < 0.01) and significant increase in MDA levels in brain homogenate when compared to non-RS control groups (p < 0.05). In immunological studies, both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to antigen were significantly suppressed by RS for 1 h for 5 consecutive days, as evidenced by significant reduction in (i) anti-SRBC antibody titre, (ii) PFC counts, (iii) percentage change in paw volume, and (iv) Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokine levels (p < 0.001 in all parameters). These RS-induced immunological changes were associated with significantly increased lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels in serum and significantly decreased activity of (i) SOD, (ii) CAT, and (iii) GSH levels in RS (X5)-exposed group (p < 0.02). Pretreatment with melatonin (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) significantly reversed these RS-induced changes in EPM test parameters and humoral and cell-mediated immunological parameters, as well as oxidative stress markers in a dose-dependent manner by differential degrees (p < 0.001). Results are strongly suggestive of the involvement of free radicals during stress-induced neurobehavioral and immunological changes. These changes were significantly restored by melatonin pretreatment. We can conclude that melatonin may have a protective role during such stress-induced neuro-immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Pal
- a Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, UP, Lucknow-226003, India.,b Department of Pharmacology, V. P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi-11007, India
| | - Kavita Gulati
- b Department of Pharmacology, V. P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi-11007, India
| | - B D Banerjee
- c Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) & GTB Hospital, Delhi-110095, India
| | - Arunabha Ray
- b Department of Pharmacology, V. P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi-11007, India
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16
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Iganus R, Hill Z, Manzi F, Bee M, Amare Y, Shamba D, Odebiyi A, Adejuyigbe E, Omotara B, Skordis-Worrall J. Roles and responsibilities in newborn care in four African sites. Trop Med Int Health 2015; 20:1258-64. [PMID: 26031746 PMCID: PMC5008199 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To explore roles and responsibilities in newborn care in the intra‐ and postpartum period in Nigeria, Tanzania and Ethiopia. Methods Qualitative data were collected using in‐depth interviews with mothers, grandmothers, fathers, health workers and birth attendants and were analysed through content and framework analyses. Results We found that birth attendants were the main decision‐makers and care takers in the intrapartum period. Birth attendants varied across sites and included female relatives (Ethiopia and Nigeria), traditional birth attendants (Tanzania and Nigeria), spiritual birth attendants (Nigeria) and health workers (Tanzania and Nigeria). In the early newborn period, when the mother is deemed to be resting, female family members assumed this role. The mothers themselves only took full responsibility for newborn care after a few days or weeks. The early newborn period was protracted for first‐time mothers, who were perceived as needing training on caring for the baby. Clear gender roles were described, with newborn care being considered a woman's domain. Fathers had little physical contact with the newborn, but played an important role in financing newborn care, and were considered the ultimate decision‐maker in the family. Conclusion Interventions should move beyond a focus on the mother–child dyad, to include other carers who perform and decide on newborn care practices. Given this power dynamic, interventions that involve men have the potential to result in behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Iganus
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Z Hill
- Institute of Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - F Manzi
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - M Bee
- Institute of Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Y Amare
- Consultancy for Social Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - D Shamba
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - A Odebiyi
- Post-Graduate School, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - E Adejuyigbe
- Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-ife, Nigeria
| | - B Omotara
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Al-Jahdali MO. Infrapopulations of Gyliauchen volubilis Nagaty, 1956 (Trematoda: Gyliauchenidae) in the rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus (Teleostei: Siganidae) from the Saudi coast of the Red Sea. Parasite 2012; 19:227-38. [PMID: 22910665 PMCID: PMC3671450 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2012193227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In hermaphroditic helminth parasites, infrapopulation size or mating group size mostly affects some processes acting within the infrapopulation. Here, 30 natural infrapopulations (12-154 individuals) of the intestinal trematode Gyliauchen volubilis Nagaty, 1956 from the fish Siganus rivulatus consisting of newly excysted juveniles, immature and mature worms were found distributed in a well-defined fundamental niche (anterior 40% of the intestine). In small infrapopulations, all stages of the parasite were alive. In larger infrapopulations, differential mortality was only and consistently observed among newly excysted juveniles, and gradually increased to include most or all juveniles in the largest infrapopulations. Among mature worms, the mean worm length seemed unaffected by the infrapopulation size. However, the ratio mean testis size-mean ovary size, a reliable indicator of resource allocation to the male function and of opportunities for cross fertilization, significantly increased with mating group size. In small infrapopulations, all stages of the parasite were scattered along the niche, and never seen in mating pairs (possibly reproduced by self-fertilization). In larger infrapopulations, newly excysted juveniles and immature worms were scattered along the anterior two thirds of the niche, while mature worms were constantly found aggregated in its posterior third (narrow microhabitat), where some were arranged in mating pairs. The probability of mating reciprocally or unilaterally was dependent on body size. The mean number of uterine eggs per worm significantly decreased and their mean sizes significantly increased with mating group size. The results are statistically significant and suggest that infrapopulation self-regulation is greatly associated with its size.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Al-Jahdali
- Biological Sciences Department, Rabigh Faculty of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 344, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia.
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