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Wang S, Luo L, Zhang R, Guo K, Zhao Z. The Biochemical Composition and Quality of Adult Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis Reared in Carbonate-Alkalinity Water. Foods 2024; 13:362. [PMID: 38338498 PMCID: PMC10855105 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Saline-alkaline aquaculture has become an important breakthrough in expanding the space available for aquaculture in China. However, the biochemical composition and quality of Eriocheir sinensis reared in carbonate alkalinity water are still unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the edible yield, coloration, and nutritional and flavor quality of Eriocheir sinensis. A significantly lower gonadosomatic index (GSI), meat yield (MY), and total edible yield (TEY) were detected in intensive pond (IP) samples than those in semi-intensive reed wetland (SIWR) (p < 0.05). Six color parameters in the hepatopancreas (p < 0.05) differed between IP and SIRW. The contents of crude protein and fat in the female hepatopancreas of IP were significantly higher than those in SIRW (p < 0.05). The concentrations of total monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA), total essential fatty acids (∑EFA), and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic ratio (h/H) in the female edible tissues checked were higher in IP than those in SIRW, with significant differences including ∑MUFA in the hepatopancreas and ovary, ∑EFA in the muscle, and h/H in the ovary (p < 0.05). Higher total free amino acid (∑FAA) contents of muscle were detected in SIRW than that in IP samples. Significantly higher K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn contents in the ovary were detected in SIRW samples compared to IP (p < 0.05). Overall, Eriocheir sinensis reared in carbonate-alkalinity water is an important source of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Wang
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (S.W.); (L.L.); (R.Z.); (K.G.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (S.W.); (L.L.); (R.Z.); (K.G.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (S.W.); (L.L.); (R.Z.); (K.G.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (S.W.); (L.L.); (R.Z.); (K.G.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; (S.W.); (L.L.); (R.Z.); (K.G.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
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Di Salvo E, Tardugno R, Nava V, Naccari C, Virga A, Salvo A, Corbo F, Clodoveo ML, Cicero N. Gourmet Table Salts: The Mineral Composition Showdown. Toxics 2023; 11:705. [PMID: 37624210 PMCID: PMC10459412 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Table salts with their specialty flake size, textures, flavors, and colors can be considered a gastronomy niche food already increasing in demand worldwide. Being unrefined, they can contain trace elements potentially both healthy and toxic. In this study, 12 mineral elements (Al, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) in 10 different salts commercially available in southern Italy namely, Atlantic grey, Baule volante, Guerande, Hawaiian pink, Hawaiian black, Himalayan pink, Maldon, Mozia, Persian blue, and smoked salts were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and thermal decomposition amalgamation-atomic absorption spectrophotometry (TDA-AAS). The concentration of mineral elements was variable according to the type of salt and its geographical origin. Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Se levels were tolerable and Al, Ca, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn ranged significantly among the samples. Persian Blue and Atlantic Grey salts showed elevated levels of Fe and Zn; their intake can be helpful in some specific conditions. Nevertheless, Ni levels were high in Persian Blue and Smoked salts. Pb exceeded the maximum level in all samples. Additional monitoring analyses of mineral contents in table salts are recommended for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Departement of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Roberta Tardugno
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (R.T.)
| | - Vincenzo Nava
- Departement of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Clara Naccari
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Antonio Virga
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, 90121 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technology, University of Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (R.T.)
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (R.T.)
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Departement of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
- Science4life srl, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Jin X, Meng L, Zhang R, Tong M, Qi Z, Mi L. Effects of essential mineral elements deficiency and supplementation on serum mineral elements concentration and biochemical parameters in grazing Mongolian sheep. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1214346. [PMID: 37559889 PMCID: PMC10407109 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1214346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional sheep grazing is the pillar industry and the main source of income for local herders in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. However, grazing sheep often suffer from mineral deficiency. In the present study, the feeding experiment was performed on 84 grazing Wu Ranke sheep. After being divided into calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) treatment groups, they were fed with a mineral deficient diet for 60 days and then a mineral supplement diet for 41 days. Serum samples were collected three times, 10 concentrations of essential mineral elements and 15 concentrations/activity of biochemical parameters were measured to assess the effects of mineral deficiency and supplementation on the physical health of sheep. The results revealed that the sheep showed mineral Ca, Cu, Co, Mn, and Se deficiencies after feeding their respective mineral deficient diet. Deficiency in dietary Ca, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, and Se may adversely affect the liver, myocardium and pancreas of sheep. The prompt supplementation of dietary Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, and Se may alleviate the damage caused to the liver, myocardium and pancreas, while that of dietary Ca improved energy generation. In conclusion, the adequate supplementation of dietary Ca, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, and Se is essential for avoiding the impairment caused to the liver, myocardium and pancreas function of sheep by the deficiency in essential dietary minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lan Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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Hou Y, Wang X, Yang D, Luo Y, Li Y, Luo R. Investigation Tracing the Origin of Tan Sheep Visceral Tissues through Mineral Elements. Foods 2023; 12:2438. [PMID: 37444176 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The traceability of quality mineral fingerprints in the viscera of Tan sheep from northwest China was studied. Twenty-five mineral elements in the heart and liver samples of Tan sheep were determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), and the characteristics of the mineral elements in the visceral tissues of the Tan sheep were further analyzed in combination with a principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to establish a discriminant model and verify it. The results show that 11 elements (137Ba, 43Ca, 63Cu, 56Fe, 39K, 31P, 60Ni, 78Se, 118Sn, 125Te, and 66Zn) in the Tan sheep heart samples had significant differences among different regions (p < 0.05), and the results of the LDA show that the accuracy rate of the return-generation examination was 85.70%, and the accuracy rate of the hand-over-fork examination was 87.50%; 10 elements (111Cd, 59Co, 52Cr, 56Fe, 39K, 55Mn, 95Mo, 23Na, 121Sb, and 78Se) in the Tan sheep liver samples had significant differences among different regions (p < 0.05), and the results of the LDA showed that the accuracy rate of the return-generation examination was 96.30%, and the accuracy rate of the hand-over-fork examination was 86.25%. This indicates that the multi-element analysis has potential for determining the origin of Tan sheep viscera in certain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xuerong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Dongsong Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yulong Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yalei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Ruiming Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Ji H, Tan D, Chen Y, Cheng Z, Zhao J, Lin M. Effects of different manganese sources on nutrient digestibility, fecal bacterial community, and mineral excretion of weaning dairy calves. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1163468. [PMID: 37275150 PMCID: PMC10232960 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1163468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mn, which is an essential trace mineral for all animals, has functions in skeletal system development, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of different manganese (Mn) sources in basal diets on nutrient apparent digestibility, fecal microbes, and mineral elements excretion before and after weaning. Methods A total of 15 Holstein heifer calves (6-week-old, 82.71 ± 1.35, mean ± standard error) were randomly designed into three groups (five each): no extra Mn supplemented (CON), 20 mg Mn/kg (dry matter basis) in the form of chelates of lysine and glutamic acid in a mixture of 1:1 (LGM), and 20 mg Mn/kg (dry matter basis) in the form of MnSO4. All calves were weaned at 8 weeks of age. The experiment lasted for 28 days (14 days before weaning and 14 days after weaning). Dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily. The animals were weighed by electronic walk-over, and body size indices were collected using tape on days -14, -1, and 14 of weaning. The feces of calves was collected to measure the apparent digestibility of nutrients (acid insoluble ash was an internal marker) and bacterial community on days -1, 1, 3, 7, and 14 of weaning. Fecal mineral concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy on days -1, 1, 7, and 14 of weaning. Results The results showed that, compared with the CON group, adding LGM to diets containing 158.82 mg/kg Mn increased the apparent digestibility (P < 0.05). The Chao 1 and Shannon index of fecal bacteria decreased at day 1 in the LGM and MnSO4 groups and increased after weaning. The PCoA results indicated that the LGM group was distinctly separate from the CON and MnSO4 groups during the whole experimental period. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the relative abundance of two phyla (Proteobacteria and Spirochaetota) and eight genera (Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Clostridia UCG 014, RF39, UCG-010, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Treponema) in three groups. Moreover, the LGM group showed less excretion of Fe, P, and Mn than the MnSO4 group. Discussion In summary, 20 mg Mn/kg diet supplementation improved nutrient digestibility, changed the fecal microbial community, and reduced mineral excretion. Organic Mn supplementation in the diet had more advantages over the sulfate forms in weaning calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ji
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dejin Tan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Miao Lin
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Zhao F, Li F, Zhou J, Sun X, Wang Y, Jing L, Hou J, Bao F, Wang G, Chen B. Soiltesting formula fertilization with organic fertilizer addition for target yield cannot stand long due to stem lodging of rice. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1091156. [PMID: 36570943 PMCID: PMC9773382 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1091156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soil testing formula fertilization using organic fertilizer (STFFOF)could increase grain yields and protect the ecological environment but the potential risks of STFFOF remains unclear. METHODS In order to assess the risk on rice stem lodging, a STFFOF field experiment is conducted continuously for 11 years. RESULTS After 11 years of continuous STFFOF treatment, the stem lodging rate of rice substantially increases by 81.1%*, which completely overweigh its increase in yield. Further research found that STFFOF greatly decreases the concentration of Ca, SiO2, K, Mg, and non-structural carbohydrates in basal internodes, dramatically increases that of N, P, and weight per ear, but slightly affects the structural carbohydrates. The strong correlations imply the increasement in weight per ear, N, and P concentrations, and the significant decrease in starch in the basal internodes might directly increase the brittleness of stem internodes and further cause severe stem lodging and yield loss of rice. DISCUSSION Results suggest that the potential risks of rice production including stem lodging must be considered when adopting the excessive exploration mode of productivity technology of paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Zhao
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
| | - Fan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Agricultural Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Planting Technology Extension Center of Dongyang, Dongyang, China
| | - Liquan Jing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Hou
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
| | - Fei Bao
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
| | - Guiyue Wang
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Institute of Maize and Featured Upland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang, China
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Fang J, Jin X, Wu L, Zhang Y, Jia B, Ye Z, Heng W, Liu L. Prediction Models for the Content of Calcium, Boron and Potassium in the Fruit of 'Huangguan' Pears Established by Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223642. [PMID: 36429233 PMCID: PMC9689733 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proved that the imbalance of the proportion of elements of 'Huangguan' pears in the pulp and peel, especially calcium, boron and potassium, may be important factors that can seriously affect the pears' appearance quality and economic benefits. The objective of this study was to predict the content of calcium, boron and potassium in the pulp and peel of 'Huangguan' pears nondestructively and conveniently by using near-infrared spectroscopy (900-1700 nm) technology. Firstly, 12 algorithms were used to preprocess the original spectral data. Then, based on the original and preprocessed spectral data, full-band prediction models were established by using Partial Least Squares Regression and Gradient Boosting Regression Tree. Finally, the characteristic wavelengths were extracted by Genetic Algorithms to establish the characteristic wavelength prediction models. According to the prediction results, the value of the determination coefficient of the prediction sets of the best prediction models for the three elements all reached ideal levels, and the values of their Relative analysis error also showed high levels. Therefore, the micro near-infrared spectrometer based on machine learning can predict the content of calcium, boron and potassium in the pulp and peel of 'Huangguan' pears accurately and quickly. The results also provide an important scientific theoretical basis for further research on the degradation of the quality of 'Huangguan' pears caused by a lack of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiu Jin
- School of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agriculture University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lin Wu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Bing Jia
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhenfeng Ye
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wei Heng
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18096616663
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Xu X, Yang H, Yang Z, Wang Z. Effect of Heating Time of Cottonseed Meal on Nutrient and Mineral Element Digestibility in Chicken (Based on Cottonseed Meal Replaced with All Soybean Meal). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 35405872 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A digestibility test was conducted to estimate the effects of the heating time of cottonseed meal on nutrient digestibility and mineral element absorption in chicken. A total of 36, 45-week-old healthy New Yangzhou chickens with similar body weight were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and one chicken per replicate. The chickens in Group A (control group) were fed the corn-soybean meal diet. The chickens in Groups B, C, D, E, and F (experimental groups) were fed the cottonseed meal to replace all soybean meal. The cottonseed meal in the experimental groups was treated with wet heating. The heating temperature was set at 120 °C, and the humidity was set at 50%. The heating time was set to 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min successively. The trial period was 4 day. The digestibility of crude protein, metabolic energy, and dry matter was highest using wet-heat treating for 15 min (p < 0.05). The digestibility of Fe increased significantly from 66.78% to 70.39% when the heating time of cottonseed meal was prolonged from 10 min to 30 min (p < 0.05). Compared with Group A, the digestibility of Zn was increased in Groups B and C, and then there was a decrease in Group D. Finally, the digestibility was increased again in Group F. The opposite pattern was shown in the digestibility of Cu and Zn. There was no significant effect of wet heat treatment time on the digestibility of calcium, phosphorus, and manganese (p > 0.05). When cottonseed meal is considered as feed for 45-week-old chickens, processing conditions of 120 °C and 50% humidity for 15 min are recommended.
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Guo G, Zhou T, Ren F, Sun J, Deng D, Huang X, Wassie T, Qazi IH, Wu X. Effect of Maternal Catalase Supplementation on Reproductive Performance, Antioxidant Activity and Mineral Transport in Sows and Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 35405818 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of maternal catalase (CAT) supplementation on reproductive performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, mineral transport, and mRNA expression of related genes in sows and offspring. A total of 40 pregnant sows at 95 days of gestation with similar parity (3−5 parities) and back-fat thickness were assigned randomly and equally into the control (CON) group (fed a basal diet) and CAT group (fed a basal diet supplemented with 660 mg/kg CAT; CAT activity, 280 U/g). The reproductive performance was recorded, and the placenta and blood samples of sows and neonatal piglets, as well as the jejunum and ileum samples from neonatal boars (eight replicates per group), were collected. Results showed that dietary supplementation with CAT significantly decreased the intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) rate and increased the activity of serum CAT in neonatal piglets and umbilical cords (p < 0.05). In addition, CAT supplementation tended to improve total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels in the maternal serum (p = 0.089) and umbilical cords of piglets (p = 0.051). The serum calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) of farrowing sows and Mn concentration in the umbilical cord, and serum Ca, magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and Mn of neonatal piglets were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the CAT group. CAT supplementation downregulated mRNA expression of TRPV6 and CTR1 (p < 0.05), Cu/Zn SOD (p = 0.086) in the placenta and tended to increase the mRNA expression of the glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) (p = 0.084), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) (p = 0.063), and CAT (p = 0.052) genes in the ileum of piglets. These results showed that the maternal CAT supplementation improved fetal growth by decreasing the IUGR rate, and modulated antioxidant activity, as well as mineral elements in the pregnant sows and their piglets.
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Giannetto C, Fazio F, Nava V, Arfuso F, Piccione G, Coelho C, Gugliandolo E, Licata P. Data on multiple regression analysis between boron, nickel, arsenic, antimony, and biological substrates in horses: The role of hematological biomarkers. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22955. [PMID: 34755932 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomarkers of exposure to boron, nickel, arsenic, and antimony in an industrial region, evaluating the bioaccumulation in biological substrates and the correlation with biomarkers such as hematological parameters. Through indication of the accumulation of some minerals in the horse's biological substrates reflects environmental pollution. Moreover, an additional aim of the study was to show whether these contaminants have an influence on the hematological parameters in horses. Blood, serum, mane, and tail samples from 20 horses from an industrial area were analyzed to determine boron (B), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb) concentration. Hematological parameters (red blood cell [RBC], white blood cells [WBC], hemoglobin [Hb], hematocrit [Hct], mean corpuscular volume [MCV], mean corpuscular hemoglobin [MCH], mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [MCHC], platelet [PLT]) as a biomarker of blood in relation to the bioaccumulation of these elements were analyzed also. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and single regression analysis (Pearson) and multiple regression analysis (p < 0.05) between blood factors, As, B, Ni, and Sb concentrations, and for each mineral in different substrate, respectively. Results showed a significant correlation between tail and mane concentrations with serum and blood for boron concentration (r = -1 p < 0.05). No significant correlation between sample (feed, hay, mane, tail, and water) concentrations and As, Ni, and Sb were found. A significantly negative correlation with blood parameters (r = -1 p < 0.05) was observed in Boron concentration for mane and tail. This suggests that the mane and tail may be a potential means to investigate suspected exposure to excessive levels of trace minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giannetto
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nava
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Arfuso
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Clarisse Coelho
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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11
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Wang J, Wang L, Sun L, Liu R, Chi B, Zhang Y, Liu H. Simultaneous Determination and Comprehensive Evaluation of Mineral Elements in Yellow Croaker Ear-Stone on Sale in China. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:918-925. [PMID: 34234056 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Yellow Croaker Ear-stone or Yunaoshi, is actually two kinds of fish otolith in China and has received increased attention in recent years as important folk medicine. For better understanding of this crude drug, a chaotic market circulation status investigation was carried out and seventeen samples with different varieties or producing areas were collected. In this study, pharmacodynamic components of nineteen varieties mineral elements of the seventeen samples were simultaneously determined by Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. The detected elements were categorized into the beneficial (Na, Mg, Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, Sr, B) and unbeneficial elements (Cu, As, Cd, Hg, Al, Pb, Co, Ba, Cr and Ni) kinds and their concentrations were quantified. Then the principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were further applied to launch an exploratory analysis for Yunaoshi samples. The results showed that samples 1-3, 15-8, 15-3 ranked the top three from the perspective of beneficial elements and samples 1-3, 1-4, 15-2 ranked the top three based on the unbeneficial elements sides. Combined with HCA results, all samples can be used as the substitutes for Yunaoshi except for samples 1-3, 1-4 and 15-2 only judging from the perspective of mineral elements concentrations. In conclusion, simultaneous determination of mineral elements accompanied with PCA and HCA can not only provide pharmacogenetic reference for the medicinal material of Yunaoshi, but also establish a feasibility for exploring new crude resources or substitutes to this medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liang Wang
- Inspection testing center of Linyi county
| | - Luping Sun
- Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ruohan Liu
- Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Bingqing Chi
- Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yinghan Zhang
- Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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12
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Mlcek J, Plaskova A, Jurikova T, Sochor J, Baron M, Ercisli S. Chemical, Nutritional and Sensory Characteristics of Six Ornamental Edible Flowers Species. Foods 2021; 10:2053. [PMID: 34574164 PMCID: PMC8472405 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ornamental edible flowers can be used as novel nutraceutical sources with valuable biological properties. The purpose of this study was to establish nutritional, chemical, and sensory characteristics, antioxidant capacity (AC), and the relationship between their bioactive components and AC. The selected flowers Begonia × tuberhybrida, Tropaeolum majus, Calendula officinalis, Rosa, Hemerocallis, and Tagetes patula, can be easily collected due to their larger size. Their methanolic extracts were spectrophotometrically determined for polyphenols, flavonoids, and AC. Mineral elements were analyzed by atomic-absorption spectroscopy; crude protein was quantified by the Kjeldahl method. Eventually, 30 panelists evaluated sensory properties in 11 attributes. In addition, this study may serve to popularize selected blossoms. In flowers the contents of minerals were in this order: K > Ca > P > Mg > Na > Zn > Mn > Fe > Cu > Mo. AC ranged between 4.11 and 7.94 g of ascorbic acid equivalents/kg of fresh mass. The correlation coefficients between AC-total phenolics and AC-total flavonoids were r = 0.73* and r = 0.58*, respectively. It is also possible to observe a strong correlation between mineral elements and bioactive compounds. Hemerocallis was rated as the best and most tasteful; additionally, it exhibited the highest AC, total phenolic and flavonoid contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Plaskova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Tunde Jurikova
- Institute for Teacher Training, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Dražovská 4, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jiri Sochor
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Mojmir Baron
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
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13
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Zhang YH, Wang CR, Liu YM, Liu YP, Liu ZQ, Zhang CB, Huang YC. [Foliar Application of L-Cysteine: Effects on the Concentration of Cd and Mineral Elements in Rice]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2021; 42:4045-4052. [PMID: 34309291 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the feasibility of applying L-cysteine (L-Cys) as a foliar conditioner for Cd reduction in rice, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the concentration of Cd and mineral elements in rice after the foliar application of L-Cys. The variation in Cd distribution and morphology in key rice organs was examined to study the Cd reduction mechanisms of spraying L-Cys on rice. The results showed that foliar application of L-Cys at the rice-flowering stage significantly decreased Cd concentration in grains, in a concentration dependent manner, without inhibiting the accumulation of mineral elements Ca, Mg, K, Mn, and Zn. With a 10 mmol ·L-1 L-Cys application, Cd concentration in rice grains decreased by 59.2%, to below 0.2 mg ·kg-1, which is the maximum safety limit in China. Foliar application of L-Cys also inhibited Cd accumulation in rice vegetative organs, including rachises, first nodes, neck-panicles, flag leaves, second internodes, second nodes, second leaves, stalks, and roots (58.3%, 56.0%, 62.7%, 67.0%, 59.3%, 61.5%, 60.2%, 54.9%, and 50.3%, respectively). After transfer factor calculation, first nodes were found to be the key organ for Cd blocking in rice. The application of L-Cys increased Cd transfer from flag leaves and second internodes to first nodes (105.4% and 45.8%, respectively), but decreased Cd transfer from first nodes up to neck-panicles (27.5%). In rice first nodes, the concentrations of Cd in the inorganic, water soluble, and residue states were all lower following L-Cys application, and the proportion of residual Cd increased to 94.4%. Therefore, foliar application of L-Cys significantly inhibited Cd transport and accumulation in rice grains, by decreasing the Cd concentrations of various vegetative organs and improving Cd interception in the first nodes. This is a promising way to produce rice with lower Cd concentrations and normal mineral element concentrations in Cd-contaminated paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Chang-Rong Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yue-Min Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Liu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Chang-Bo Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yong-Chun Huang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
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14
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Liu X, Zhao Y, Mu J, Zhang J, Zhang A. Determination of geographical origin of concentrated apple juice through analysis of stable isotopic and mineral elemental fingerprints: preliminary results. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:3795-3803. [PMID: 33306834 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing attention being paid to food authenticity, the geographic origin of food has become a topic of interest for both consumers and producers. As far as we know, there are relatively few studies on the origin traceability of concentrated apple juice. The most commonly used methods of origin tracing research is by using stable isotopes and mineral elements technology, because these indicators are directly related to local geographical environment. RESULTS In this study, a discriminant model was established by determining the content of the stable isotopes (δ13 C, δ18 O) and 13 mineral elements (B, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, V, Ba, Fe, Mg, Na, Ca and Cr) in concentrated apple juice. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were employed for regional classification of samples. After data conversion and correlation analysis, spatial and quantitative prediction models were established using multiple linear regressions. Finally, the experimental results showed that the eight key variables(δ 13 C, δ 18 O, B, Ca, Mg, Cu, Sr and Na) selected by the analysis can be used to further characterize the production area. CONCLUSION The results showed that the carbon and oxygen isotopes combined with certain mineral elements can be used to indicate the origin of concentrated apple juice. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Liu
- Technical Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, China
- Collage of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Mu
- Technical Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jinjie Zhang
- Technical Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Ang Zhang
- Technical Center of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, China
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15
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Zhang H, Mo X, Tang D, Ma Y, Xie Y, Yang H, Shi M, Li L, Li W, Yan F, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xu J. Comparative analysis of volatile and carotenoid metabolites and mineral elements in the flesh of 17 kiwifruit. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3023-3032. [PMID: 34146407 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kiwifruit contains abundant nutritive compounds and is highly favored by the consumers worldwide. Therefore, detailed metabolic profiling is important to provide theoretic basis for the improvement of kiwifruit quality. In this study, the levels of volatiles, carotenoids, and mineral elements in the flesh of 17 kiwifruit accessions were evaluated. Acids and esters were the main volatiles in kiwifruit. During these 17 kiwifruit accessions, "Chenhong," three "Jinyan," and two "Guichang" germplasms were specifically rich in aromatic esters, which might be associated with their special taste. The main carotenoids were lutein, β-carotene, and zeaxanthin, and their levels were also genotype specific, with the green-fleshed "Guichang" having the highest level of carotenoids, and red-fleshed "Fuhong" and "Chenhong" being rich in zeaxanthin. Partial correlation analysis showed that the contents of some mineral elements were significantly correlated with those of specific volatiles and carotenoids, indicating the impacts of mineral elements on the accumulation of volatiles and carotenoids in the kiwifruit flesh. These results indicated that the contents of carotenoids and volatiles seemed to be affected by mineral elements and also provided a new potential method for improving fruit flavor quality in production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Mo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dongmei Tang
- Citrus Fruit Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- Citrus Fruit Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Yunxia Xie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hongbin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Meiyan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wenyun Li
- Citrus Fruit Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- Enshi Agriculture Bureau, Enshi, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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16
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Fang XK, Chen ZW, Cheng ZK, Jiang HB, Qiu D, Luo XS. [Effects of reduced solar radiation on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and accumulation of secondary and micro elements in paddy rice.]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 32:1345-1351. [PMID: 33899403 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202104.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric haze pollution is a popular environmental issue in recent years. The aerosols reduce solar radiation reaching land surface, with consequences on the growth of crops. In order to examine the effects of low solar radiation intensity on the physiological characteristics and mineral nutrition of grain crops, the random designed field experiment of rice cultivar 'Nanjing 5055' planted under different shading degrees (CK, natural sunlight control; Y1 and Y2 were treatments with shading rates of 19% and 45%, respectively) were conducted. The response of chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf area index (LAI), net photosynthetic rate of leaves, grain yields and secondary/micro element contents (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) in rice were measured during key growth stages (jointing, heading, and grain filling stages). Results showed that, shading treatments inhibited the synthesis of photosynthetic products and reduced the LAI during the whole growing period, but at the early stage it did not affect the chlorophyll content, which was significantly increased at the late growth stage. Compared with CK, the 1000-grain weight of rice was decreased by 14.4% and 18.4%, and seed setting rate was decreased by 4.3% and 12.9%, which resulted in rice yield reduction. With the increases of shading rates, rice yield was decreased by 58.5% and 66.4%, respectively. The nutrient concentrations, especially for the micro-elements, in brown rice and glume were increased. Shading had a negative effect on rice growth, which would eventually reduce the crop production. The higher contents of heavy metals such as Cu and Mn would be a pollution risk for human health. Therefore, the impacts of weakened solar radiation on quantity and quality of crops need comprehensive evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kun Fang
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, China.,Quanzhou Meteorological Bureau, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhao-Kang Cheng
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hai-Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Farmland Quality and Agricultural Environmental Protection Station, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Dan Qiu
- Jiangsu Farmland Quality and Agricultural Environmental Protection Station, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Xiao-San Luo
- Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, China
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17
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Li C, Cui ZH, Li Z, Gao L, Zhang CY, Li DX, Zhang ZM, Huang XZ. Determination of Mineral Elements in Nanyang Mugwort (Artemisia argyi) Leaves Harvested from Different Crops by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:411-413. [PMID: 33518581 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to high need for medical purposes, multiple harvests of mugwort (Artemisia argyi) have been extensively applied in China for the increase of mugwort yield recently. However, the investigation on the mineral elements in different crops, which are significantly related to mugwort growth and the clinical efficacy of this medicinal herb, has not been conducted. This study provided an analytical method and quality evaluation for mineral elements in Nanyang mugwort leaves harvested from three different crops. The contents of 35 mineral elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). ANOVA, principal component analysis and factor analysis were applied to evaluate the results. Four principal components were identified and their comprehensive evaluation function was as follows: F = 0.7008Fl + 0.1236F2 + 0.0936F3 + 0.0321F4. The comprehensive scores of the mugwort leaves from different crops were ranked as follows: 3rd crop > 2nd crop ≈ 1st crop. These findings can provide a reference for the quality control and clinical use of mugwort leaves, and a guidance of differential nourishing strategies for different crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology
| | - Zhan-Hu Cui
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Zhe Li
- Tang-ai Ecological Agriculture Development Limited Liability Company
| | - Li Gao
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology
| | - Chao-Yun Zhang
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology
| | - Dan-Xia Li
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology
| | - Zhong-Ming Zhang
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology
| | - Xian-Zhang Huang
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology
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Liu Y, Dai M, Bao WZ, Huang BS, Guo LP, Liu DH. [Content characteristics of mineral elements and its correlation with soil nutrients and effective components in Chrysanthemum morifolium from different producing areas in Macheng]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:281-289. [PMID: 33645113 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200717.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 24 copies of samples of Chrysanthemum morifolium and soil from two main production towns in Macheng city were collected, and the contents of 13 mineral elements, 5 effective components and 14 soil nutrient factors in Ch. morifolium were determined. The enrichment characteristics of available soil nutrients by mineral elements were analyzed and the dominant factors affecting the effective components of Ch. morifolium were screened. The results showed that the content of mineral elements and soil nutrients and effective components are very different, and variation of soil fertility was much greater than that of inorganic elements in chrysanthemum plants. In general, the level of element content in Ch. morifolium from different producing areas is K>N>P>Mg>Ca>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb>Cd. The content of K, N and Mg is higher than that of common crops, and the content of Cu, Cd and Pb in Ch. morifolium from various producing areas does not exceed the relevant standards. The N, P and K enrichment capacity in soil was stronger than that of other elements, and the Ca enrichment ability was the worst. The content of AvCu in the soil was positively correlated with the contents of N, Mg, K, Fe and Cu elements in Ch. morifolium. The contents of chlorogenic acid, luteolin, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid reached the pharmacopoeia standard. The percentage of chlorogenic acid and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid in Ch. morifolium that from Huangtugang town in the active components were generally higher than that from Futianhe town, and the diffe-rences of luteolin contents in the two producing areas were relatively small. The correlation and regression analysis showed that the contents of Cu, Zn and Cr in Ch. morifolium were positively correlated with the active components, while the contents of Fe, Mn and Ni were negatively correlated with the contents of AvP, AvK, TK, AvMn and AvCu in soil. In general, Zn and Ca fertilizer should be added to the ecological planting of Ch. morifolium, K fertilizer should be added, and N and P fertilizer should be applied appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Wu-Zhou Bao
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Macheng Macheng 438300, China
| | - Bi-Sheng Huang
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Da-Hui Liu
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
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19
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Yan HY, Liu Y, Xu Y, Fang Y, Guo LP, Liu DH. [Analysis and evaluation of mineral elements of Chrysanthemum morifolium for medicinal and tea use of different germplasm resources]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:272-280. [PMID: 33645112 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20201023.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 23 germplasm resources of Chrysanthemum morifolium used in medicine and tea were collected from Dabie Mountains and its surrounding producing areas, and the contents of 13 mineral elements were determined and compared. The thermal maps of correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the average content of each element in Ch. morifolium of different germplasm resources was: K>N>P>Mg>Ca>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Pb>Cd, and the leaves were: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd. There are rich contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe in Ch. morifolium flowers and their leaves, among them, K element has the largest change range, while N, Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn elements have a larger change range. The absorption and accumulation of each element in the leaves of different germplasm resources varied greatly. The correlation analysis shows that there is a strong positive correlation between Ca element, Mg, Mn and Cd element.Principal component analysis in Ch. morifolium flowers characteristic elements for Mn, Cr, Cu, P, K, can be used as a Ch. morifolium resources to identify the characteristics of the elements, choose top five principal component(F1-F5) comprehensive evalua-tion of medicinal Ch. morifolium, scored in the top five varieties for Hangiu-Fuhuangju, Hangju-Xiaoyangju, Hangju-Sheyangju, Hangju-Dayanghua, Hangju-Subeiju,indicates that in terms of mineral elements, the five medicinal Ch. morifolium resources quality is better. The PCA score chart can divide 23 Ch. morifolium resources into 4 groups, and the cluster analysis heat map divides 23 Ch. morifolium resources into 5 groups. All the Ch. morifolium resources of the same type can be well clustered together, indicating that the difference in mineral element content of Ch. morifolium germplasm resources is closely related to genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yuan Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Hubei 430065, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Hubei 430065, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Hubei 430065, China State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Ceter for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Hubei 430065, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Ceter for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Da-Hui Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resource Science and Chemistry in Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Hubei 430065, China
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20
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de Bang TC, Husted S, Laursen KH, Persson DP, Schjoerring JK. The molecular-physiological functions of mineral macronutrients and their consequences for deficiency symptoms in plants. New Phytol 2021; 229:2446-2469. [PMID: 33175410 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The visual deficiency symptoms developing on plants constitute the ultimate manifestation of suboptimal nutrient supply. In classical plant nutrition, these symptoms have been extensively used as a tool to characterise the nutritional status of plants and to optimise fertilisation. Here we expand this concept by bridging the typical deficiency symptoms for each of the six essential macronutrients to their molecular and physiological functionalities in higher plants. We focus on the most recent insights obtained during the last decade, which now allow us to better understand the links between symptom and function for each element. A deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying the visual deficiency symptoms enables us to thoroughly understand how plants react to nutrient limitations and how these disturbances may affect the productivity and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. A proper interpretation of visual deficiency symptoms will support the potential for sustainable crop intensification through the development of new technologies that facilitate automatised management practices based on imaging technologies, remote sensing and in-field sensors, thereby providing the basis for timely application of nutrients via smart and more efficient fertilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Christian de Bang
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Kristian Holst Laursen
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Daniel Pergament Persson
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Jan Kofod Schjoerring
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
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21
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Abstract
The formation and regulation of loquat fruit quality have always been an important research field to improve fruit quality, commodities, and market value. Fruit size, soluble solids content, and titratable acid content represent the most important quality factors in loquat. Mineral nutrients in abundance or deficiency are among the most important key factor that affect fruit quality. In the present study, we use artificial neural network (ANN) to explore the effects of mineral nutrients in soil and leaves on the key fruit quality of loquat. The results show that the ANN model with the structure of 12-12-1 can predict the single fruit weight with the highest accuracy (R 2 = .91), the ANN model with the structure of 10-11-1 can predict the soluble solid content with the highest accuracy (R 2 = .91), and the ANN model with the structure of 9-10-1 can predict the titratable acid content with the highest accuracy (R 2 = .95). Meanwhile, we also conduct sensitivity analysis to analyze the relative contribution of mineral nutrients in soils and leaves to determine of the key fruit quality. In terms of relative contribution, Ca, Fe, and Mg content in soils and Zn, K, and Ca content in leaves contribute relatively largely to a single fruit weight, Mn, Fe, and Mg content in soils and the N content in leaves contribute relatively largely to the soluble solid content, and the P, Ca, N, Mg, and Fe in leaves contribute relatively largely to the titratable acid content of loquat. The established artificial neural network prediction models can improve the quality of loquat fruit by optimizing the content of mineral elements in soils and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Huakun Wang
- Technical Extension Center of Evergreen Fruit Trees in Taihu of Jiangsu ProvinceSuzhouChina
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural GermplasmSuzhouChina
| | - Shenchun Qu
- College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wenjie Luo
- College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhihong Gao
- College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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Liu X, Fan F, Liu M, Long W, Yu Y, Yuan H, Pan G, Li N, Li S, Liu J. Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Mineral Element Contents in Brown Rice Using Backcross Inbred Lines Derived From Oryza longistaminata. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:1229. [PMID: 32903403 PMCID: PMC7434966 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mineral elements play an extremely important role in human health, and are worthy of study in rice grain. Wild rice is an important gene pool for rice improvement including grain yield, disease, and pest resistance as well as mineral elements. In this study, we identified 33 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Fe, Zn, Se, Cd, Hg, and As contents in wild rice Oryza longistaminata. Of which, 29 QTLs were the first report, and 12 QTLs were overlapped to form five clusters as qSe1/qCd1 on chromosome 1, qCd4.2/qHg4 on chromosome 4, qFe5.2/qZn5.2 on chromosome 5, qFe9/qHg9.2/qAs9.2 on chromosome 9, and qCd10/qHg10 on chromosome 10. Importantly, qSe1/qCd1, can significantly improve the Se content while reduce the Cd content, and qFe5.2/qZn5.2 can significantly improve both the Fe and Zn contents, they were delimited to an interval about 53.8 Kb and 26.2 Kb, respectively. These QTLs detected from Oryza longistaminata not only establish the basis for subsequent gene cloning to decipher the genetic mechanism of mineral element accumulation, but also provide new genetic resource for rice quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengfeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manman Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weixiong Long
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanran Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guojing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nengwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center for Plant Biotechnology and Germplasm Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Ma YJ, Deng HF, Xu CQ. [Effects of three intercropping species on growth, nutrition absorption, and fruit quality of oriental melon]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2020; 31:1130-1138. [PMID: 32530187 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202004.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effects of different intercropping species on growth, nutrition absorption, and fruit quality of oriental melon, we examined plant height, stem diameter, root activity, contents of mineral elements (N, P, K, Ca and Mg), and fruit quality and yield of oriental melon under the oriental melon monoculture (MM), intercropping of fennel/oriental melon (FM), tillered-onion/oriental melon (TM), or wormwood/oriental melon (WM). Results showed that plant height of intercropping treatments was significantly higher than that of the monoculture over time. The stem diameter of the FM and TM treatments was significantly higher than that of the MM treatment, while there was no significant difference between the WM and MM treatments. At the stretch tendril stage, fruit setting stage, and fruit expanding stage, root activity of FM treatment was significantly higher than that of MM and TM treatments. The mine-ral elements contents of oriental melon plants in three intercropping treatments were higher than that in MM treatment in different degrees, with the mine-ral elements contents of FM treatment being higher than that of TM and WM treatments. The single fruit weights of FM and TM treatments did not differ from the MM treatment. The fruit quality indices of FM treatment were not lower than MM treatment, while some fruit quality indices (including the contents of glucose, fructose, and sucrose) of WM and TM treatments were lower than that under MM treatment. In summary, fennel was a suitable species for intercropping with the oriental melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Ma
- Department of Publication, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hai-Feng Deng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University/ Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region/ National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chuan-Qiang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University/ Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, Ministry of Education/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region/ National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
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24
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Xu Y, Liu Y, Peng Z, Guo LP, Liu DH. [Effects of planting period on growth, yield and medicinal quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:2057-2062. [PMID: 32495554 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200302.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, Chrysanthemum morifolium was used as the experimental object, eight different planting periods were set up in field plot experiment from April to August, which were 04-15, 05-19, 05-30, 06-09, 06-19, 07-20, 07-31, 08-15. The effects of different treatments on the occurrence of root rot, agronnmic traits, mineral element absorption and content of effective components of Ch. morifolium in Macheng country of Hubei province were studied. The results showed that delaying the planting time could effectively reduce the diseases occurrence of root rot of Ch. morifolium. With the advance of transplanting period, the plant height, the weight of one hundred flowers and the number of flowers of Ch. morifolium showed a trend of gradual decrease, while the number of primary branches and the thickness of main stem and the primary branch increased first and then decreased. The yield of Ch. morifolium per plant and per mu increased with the advance of the planting period, and the yield per mu increased during the planting period on June 19, which was 91.96% higher than that on April 15. And with the delay of the planting period,the absorption and accumulation of potassium(K) elements was promotes. The content of active ingredients such as chlorogenic acid, rutin, luteolin, and 3,5-O dicoffeoacy lquinic acid in the Ch. morifolium increased significantly and then gradually decreased with the delay of the planting period, which indicates that late planting can significantly improve the quality of Ch. morifolium. Considering factors such as the occurrence of root rot disease, yield and active ingredient content, combined with climatic conditions in the Dabie Mountains in eastern Hubei, the optimum planting period of Ch. morifolium was determined from mid-late June to early July.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Da-Hui Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
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Wang P, Yamaji N, Inoue K, Mochida K, Ma JF. Plastic transport systems of rice for mineral elements in response to diverse soil environmental changes. New Phytol 2020; 226:156-169. [PMID: 31758804 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will increase frequency of drought and flooding, which threaten global crop productivity and food security. Rice (Oryza sativa) is unique in that it is able to grow in both flooded and upland conditions, which have large differences in the concentrations and chemical forms of mineral elements available to plants. To comprehensively understand the mechanisms of rice for coping with different water status, we performed ionomics and transcriptomics analysis of the roots, nodes and leaves of rice grown in flooded and upland conditions. Focusing the analysis on genes encoding proteins involved in transport functions for mineral elements, it was found that, although rice plants maintained similar levels of each element in the shoots for optimal growth, different transporters for mineral elements were utilised for nitrogen, iron, copper and zinc to deal with different soil water conditions. For example, under flooded conditions, rice roots take up nitrogen using transporters for both ammonium (OsAMT1/2) and nitrate (OsNPF2.4, OsNRT1.1A and OsNRT2.3), whereas under upland conditions, nitrogen uptake is mediated by different nitrate transporters (OsNRT1.1B and OsNRT1.5A). This study shows that rice possesses plastic transport systems for mineral elements in response to different water conditions (upland and flooding).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peitong Wang
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Komaki Inoue
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keiich Mochida
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
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Xu Y, Liu Y, Guo LP, Liu DH. [Effects of planting density on yield and quality of Chrysanthemum morifolium]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:59-64. [PMID: 32237411 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20191112.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, five field density treatments were set up in the field plot experiment, which were 2 500,3 000,5 000,6 660,8 000 plants/mu(1 mu≈667 m~2). The agronomic traits, economic traits, mineral element absorption and the content of effective components of Chrysanthemum morifolium under different densities were studied. The results showed that dense planting could significantly reduce the number of secondary branches of Ch. morifolium and the yield per plant, but significantly increase the population yield of Ch. morifolium. The yield of Ch. morifolium was the highest when the density was 8 000 plants/mu, but the effect of increasing yield would gradually decrease with the increase of planting density. With the increase of planting density, the N, P and Mg elements in flowers firstly increased and then decreased. The N element content in leaves increased gradually, which showed that increasing the planting density within a certain range could increase the absorption of N, P and Mg elements in flowers and leaves of Ch. morifolium. The contents of rutin, chlorogenic acid and 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid in Ch. morifolium showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of planting density. When the planting density was 5 500,5 000,3 750 plants/mu, the content of chlorogenic acid, rutin and 3,5-O-dicaffeyl quinic acid had the maximum value. The content of luteolin in Ch. morifolium decreased gradually with the increase of planting density. When the planting density was 7 143 plants/mu, the content of luteolin was the minimum. Considering factors such as yield and active ingredient content, the cultivation density of 5 000 plants/mu(row spacing 40 cm×30 cm) can be selected for standard planting of Ch. morifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China National Resouce Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Material Science Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- National Resouce Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Material Science Beijing 100700, China
| | - Da-Hui Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
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Yamaji N, Ma JF. Bioimaging of multiple elements by high-resolution LA-ICP-MS reveals altered distribution of mineral elements in the nodes of rice mutants. Plant J 2019; 99:1254-1263. [PMID: 31108003 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Inter-vascular transfer in rice (Oryza sativa) nodes is required for delivering mineral elements to developing tissues, which is mediated by various transporters in the nodes. However, the effect of these transporters on distribution of mineral elements in the nodes at a cellular level is still unknown. Here, we established a protocol for bioimaging of multiple elements at a cellular level in rice node by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and compared the mineral distribution profile between wild-type (WT) rice and mutants. Both relative comparison of mineral distribution normalized by endogenous 13 C and quantitative analysis using spiked standards combined with soft ablation gave valid results. Overall, macro-nutrients such as K and Mg were accumulated more in the phloem region, while micro-nutrients such as Fe and Zn were highly accumulated at the inter-vascular tissues of the node. In mutants of nodal Zn transporter OsHMA2, Zn localization pattern in the node tissues did not differ from that of WT; however, Zn accumulation in the inter-vascular tissues was lower in uppermost node I but higher in the third upper node III compared with the WT. In contrast, Si deposition in the mutants of three nodal Si transporters Lsi2, Lsi3 and Lsi6 showed different patterns, which are consistent with the localization of these transporters. This improved LA-ICP-MS analysis combined with functional characterization of transporters will provide further insight into mineral element distribution mechanisms in rice and other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
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28
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Sun R, Sun L, Han C. Partial-least-squares and canonical-correlation analysis of chemical constituents and active ingredients of new types of Chinese mulberries. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:1950-1959. [PMID: 30349685 PMCID: PMC6189618 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between chemical constituents and active ingredients of 13 types of Chinese mulberry fruits. METHODS Thirteen types mulberry fruits were harvested. The correlation between chemical constituents and active ingredients (primarily anthocyanins and rutins) of 13 new types of Chinese mulberries was assessed using partial-least-squares, principle-component and canonical-correlation analyses. RESULTS Vitamin C and titratable acid in the mulberry fruits were critical components that affected the active ingredients, especially anthocyanins and rutins. The content of titratable acid content was related to the fruit flavor and maintained the balance of anthocyanins, vitamin C and rutins. Mineral elements, such as Zn and Cu, also played a vital role in these processes. Low contents of sugar, crude protein, crude fat and pectin were significantly correlated with the mineral elements. CONCLUSION Chemical constituents and mineral elements can mutually affect the concentration. It provides a novel method for any changes in the quality of new types of Chinese mulberries, which can identify the sources of new types of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- School of Food Science and EngineeringQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Lei Sun
- Economic Forest InstituteShandong Academy of Forestry SciencesJinanChina
| | - Chuanming Han
- Economic Forest InstituteShandong Academy of Forestry SciencesJinanChina
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Ramu R, Shirahatti PS, Anilakumar KR, Nayakavadi S, Zameer F, Dhananjaya BL, Nagendra Prasad MN. Assessment of Nutritional Quality and Global Antioxidant Response of Banana ( Musa sp. CV. Nanjangud Rasa Bale) Pseudostem and Flower. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:S74-S83. [PMID: 29333047 PMCID: PMC5757331 DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_67_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of the nutritional composition and phytochemical screening of banana pseudostem (PB) and flower (FB) advocate this nonconventional food source for routine consumption, considering its various health benefits. OBJECTIVES The aim is to assess the proximate nutrient composition, fatty acids, minerals, amino acid profile, and global antioxidant response (GAR) of PB and FB. METHODS Standard analytical procedures were used to determine the nutritional quality and GAR of PB and FB. RESULTS The chemical analysis illustrated that functional profile (water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, swelling power, and solubility), and proximate (ash, moisture, protein, fat, dietary fiber, and carbohydrate) contents were substantially high in FB than PB. With a well-proportionate amino acid profile, PB (0.56) and FB (0.54) comprised of a high ratio of essential to nonessential amino acids than those of FAO/WHO requirement (0.38). The mineral analysis revealed that PB and FB were rich in macro and micro minerals in the order K > Ca > Mg > P > Na and K > Mg > Na > Ca > P, respectively. Linoleic acid was found to be the major component in PB and FB. Besides, total antioxidant activity conducted for PB and FB by GAR method, measuring both bio-accessible and insoluble fractions, revealed that the soluble fraction fared better than the chemical extracts. CONCLUSION The results revealed high nutritional qualities of the byproducts of banana and the low cost of its production promotes their use as a prospective nonconventional food resource with high nutraceutical value. SUMMARY AOAC: Association of Analytical CommunitiesFAO/WHO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World health organization Abbreviations Used: Banana flower was more potent than banana pseudostem in terms of its nutritional quality and total antioxidant capacity affirming their usefulness (of both the secondary products) in the pharmaceutical sector as a nutritional supplement due to the health-related properties of dietary fibre and associated bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramith Ramu
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Post Graduate Centre, Dakshina Kannada, India
| | - Prithvi S. Shirahatti
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Post Graduate Centre, Dakshina Kannada, India
| | - K. R. Anilakumar
- Food Quality and Assurance Department, Biochemistry and Nutrition Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, India
| | - Shivasharanappa Nayakavadi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Animal Science Section, ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Ela, Goa, India
| | - Farhan Zameer
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Mahajana Life Science Research Centre, Pooja Bhagavat Memorial Mahajana Post Graduate Centre, Mysore, India
| | - B. L. Dhananjaya
- Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Centre For Emerging Technologies, Jain University, Bengaluru, India
| | - M. N. Nagendra Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore, India
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30
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Zhang R, Sun Y, Liu Z, Jin W, Sun Y. Effects of melatonin on seedling growth, mineral nutrition, and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber under nitrate stress. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28226188 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In China, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers in glasshouses leads to nitrate accumulations in soil and plants, which then limits productivity. Melatonin, an evolutionarily highly conserved molecule, has a wide range of functions in plants. We analyzed the effects of melatonin pretreatment on the growth, mineral nutrition, and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. "Jin You No. 1") when seedlings were exposed to nitrate stress. An application of 0.1 mmol/L melatonin significantly improved the growth of plants and reduced their susceptibility to damage due to high nitrate levels (0.6 mol/L) during the ensuing period of stress treatment. Although excess nitrate led to an increase in the concentrations of nitrogen, potassium, and calcium, as well as a decrease in levels of phosphorus and magnesium, exogenous melatonin generally had the opposite effect except for a further rise in calcium concentrations. Pretreatment also significantly reduced the accumulations of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen and enhanced the activities of enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism. Expression of Cs-NR and Cs-GOGAT, two genes that function in that metabolism, was greatly down-regulated when plants were exposed to 0.6 mol/L nitrate, but was up-regulated in plants that had received the 0.1 mmol/L melatonin pretreatment. Our results are the first evidence that melatonin has an important role in modulating the composition of mineral elements and nitrogen metabolism, thereby alleviating the inhibitory effect on growth normally associated with nitrate stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunkuo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Kısa D, Öztürk L, Doker S, Gökçe İ. Expression analysis of metallothioneins and mineral contents in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) under heavy metal stress. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:1916-1923. [PMID: 27539512 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metals are considered to be the most important pollutants in the contamination of soils; they adversely affect plant growth and development and cause some physiological and molecular changes. The contamination of agricultural soils by heavy metals has changed the mineral element content of vegetables. Plant metallothioneins (MTs) are thought to have the functional role in heavy metal homeostasis, and they are used as the biomarkers for evaluating environmental pollution. We aimed to evaluate the expression of MT isoforms (MT1, 2, 3 and 4) and some mineral element composition of tomato roots, leaves and fruits exposed to copper and lead. RESULTS Heavy metal applications increased MT1 and MT2 gene expressions compared to the control in the tissues of tomato. The highest level of MT1 and MT2 transcripts was found in roots and leaves, respectively. The expression of MT3 is induced in roots, leaves and fruits except for Pb treatment in roots. MT4 expression increased in fruits; however, other tissues did not show a clear change. Our results indicated that Cu content was higher than Pb in all tissues of tomato. The lower doses of Cu (10 ppm) increased the content of Mg, Fe, Ca and Mn in roots. Pb generally increased the level of minerals in leaves and fruits, but it decreased Mg, Mn and Fe contents in roots. CONCLUSION Both heavy metals not only moved to aerial parts but also caused alterations to mineral element levels. These results show that MT transcripts are regulated by Cu and Pb, and expression pattern changes to MT isoforms and tissue types. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dursun Kısa
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Lokman Öztürk
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Serhat Doker
- Çankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 18100 Çankırı, Turkey
| | - İsa Gökçe
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
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Tagashira Y, Shimizu T, Miyamoto M, Nishida S, Yoshida KT. Overexpression of a Gene Involved in Phytic Acid Biosynthesis Substantially Increases Phytic Acid and Total Phosphorus in Rice Seeds. Plants (Basel) 2015; 4:196-208. [PMID: 27135323 PMCID: PMC4844318 DOI: 10.3390/plants4020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of seed phosphorus is important for seedling growth and environmental P sustainability in agriculture. The mechanism of regulating P content in seed, however, is poorly understood. To study regulation of total P, we focused on phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate; InsP₆) biosynthesis-related genes, as InsP₆ is a major storage form of P in seeds. The rice (Oryza sativa L.) low phytic acid mutant lpa1-1 has been identified as a homolog of archael 2-phosphoglycerate kinase. The homolog might act as an inositol monophosphate kinase, which catalyzes a key step in InsP₆ biosynthesis. Overexpression of the homolog in transgenic rice resulted in a significant increase in total P content in seed, due to increases in InsP₆ and inorganic phosphates. On the other hand, overexpression of genes that catalyze the first and last steps of InsP₆ biosynthesis could not increase total P levels. From the experiments using developing seeds, it is suggested that the activation of InsP₆ biosynthesis in both very early and very late periods of seed development increases the influx of P from vegetative organs into seeds. This is the first report from a study attempting to elevate the P levels of seed through a transgenic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tagashira
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Tomoe Shimizu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Masanobu Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Sho Nishida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Kaoru T Yoshida
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Abstract
The stembarks of Harungana madagascariensis were analyzed for their content of chemical constituents, antinutrients, vitamin levels, and in vitro antioxidant properties in two solvent systems. Phytochemical screening revealed higher levels of alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids in the methanolic (MHM) extract than in the dichloromethane (DCM) extract. The methanolic extract had higher contents of minerals, vitamins, and antinutrients except K, vitamin B1, and phytic acid, respectively. Antioxidant potentials of the stembark extracts were assessed by the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, and ferric reducing power. The methanolic extract showed a better antioxidant activity (IC50=87.66±0.97 μg/mL) in the DPPH system. The metal chelating activity was higher in the methanolic extract (92.4% at 20 mg/mL), but lower than the control ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The methanolic extract also showed greater ferric reducing power and was richer in phenolics (132.24±0.61 mgGAE/g) and flavonoids (259.05±2.85 mgQE/g). Antinutrient analysis of the extracts indicated low levels of phytic acid, oxalates, and hydrocyanides below the lethal doses. The LD50 (i.p. mice) of the extracts showed relatively low toxicity in the range 1000-1414 mg/kg. These results support the ethnomedicinal uses of this plant in the treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress and suggest that consumption of H. madagascariensis is not harmful nutritively.
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Heald CM, Bruton BD, Davis RM. Influence of Glomus intraradices and Soil Phosphorus on Meloidogyne incognita Infecting Cucumis melo. J Nematol 1989; 21:69-73. [PMID: 19287577 PMCID: PMC2618903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction among Glomus intraradices, Meloidogyne incognita, and cantaloupe was studied at three soil phosphorus (P) levels in a greenhouse. All plants grew poorly in soil not amended with P, regardless of mycorrhizal or nematode status. In soil amended with 50 mug P /g soil, M. incognita suppressed the growth of nonmycorrhizal plants by 84%. In contrast, growth of mycorrhizal plants inoculated with M. incognita was retarded by only 21%. A similar trend occurred in plants grown in soil with 100 mug P /g soil. Mycorrhizal infection had no effect on the degree of root-knot gall formation and did not affect the number of nematode eggs per egg mass. Mineral levels in plant shoots generally declined as soil P levels increased and were not significantly influenced by G. intraradices or M. incognita.
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