1
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Han KD, Jaafar M, Stoakes IM, Hoopes PC, Moshirfar M. Comparing the Effectiveness of Smartphone Applications in the Measurement of Interpupillary Distance. Cureus 2023; 15:e42744. [PMID: 37529827 PMCID: PMC10389117 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the accuracy of three smartphone applications in the measurement of interpupillary distance (IPD). Methods This study compared measurements from three smartphone applications to measurements obtained by a single trained examiner using a digital pupilometer in 44 subjects. The mean absolute error (MAE) of IPD prediction by each application was compared. Additionally, the frequency at which each application measured IPD within ± 0.05 mm, ± 0.10 mm, ± 0.25 mm, ± 0.50 mm, ± 0.75 mm, and ± 1.00 mm of the digital pupilometer measurement was determined. Results The Eye Measure (Dotty Digital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia) and Warby Parker (Warby Parker, New York, New York) applications had significantly lower MAE of IPD measurements (0.511364 mm) compared to the PDCheck AR (EyeQue Corp., Newark, California) application (1.375 mm). The Warby Parker application most frequently obtained accurate IPD measurements within the following ranges: ± 0.05 mm, ± 0.10 mm, ± 0.25 mm, ± 0.50 mm, ± 0.75 mm, and ± 1.00 mm. Conclusion Of the three smartphone applications compared in this study, the Warby Parker application performed to the highest degree of accuracy and may serve as an adequate alternative when conventional IPD measurement methods are either unavailable or unable to be performed accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Han
- Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, USA
| | - Muhammed Jaafar
- Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, USA
| | - Isabella M Stoakes
- Osteopathic Medicine, Pacific Northwest University of Health Science, Yakima, USA
| | | | - Majid Moshirfar
- Corneal and Refractive Surgery, HDR Vision Research Center, Hoopes Vision, Draper, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
- Corneal Transplantation and Eye Banking, Utah Lions Eye Bank, Murray, USA
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2
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Wiborg MH, Laursen BS, Kallestrup EB, Krøijer R, Lund L. Peyronie’s disease questionnaire: translation into Danish and cultural adaptation. Sex Med 2023; 11:qfac022. [PMID: 36970583 PMCID: PMC10034581 DOI: 10.1093/sexmed/qfac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peyronie’s disease has an impact on men’s mental and physical health. Aim We sought to translate the Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire into Danish, adapt it to the Danish cultural setting, and test it in a Danish population. Methods Translation of the Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire was performed according to the guidelines for adapting health status measures for use in languages other than the source language by Beaton et al. The validated American Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire was developed to monitor patient symptoms after an intervention and to inspire a subsequent dialogue about physical and psychological symptoms with a healthcare provider, thereby allowing the patient and the healthcare professional to choose the best treatment. The expert committee agreed on a Danish version after cross-cultural adaptation. The Danish Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire was sent by electronic mail to a preselected group of 41 men with Peyronie’s disease. Outcomes After completing the questionnaire, 32 men participated in a video interview regarding the questionnaire and were asked to identify any problematic fields or areas open to misunderstanding. Results The Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire underwent major modifications in light of the comments of the first 10 respondents. Thereafter, only minor changes were made until data saturation was reached after 27 of the 32 respondents had been interviewed. In 87% of respondents Peyronie’s disease bothered from the last time they had intercourse, and 93% of the men experienced being bothered by having intercourse less often. Peyronie’s disease made 73% of respondents feel bodily discomfort, and 88% had intercourse less often than they used to have due to Peyronie’s disease. Clinical Implications The Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire is a valuable tool in the crucial task of addressing Peyronie’s disease, providing insight into the mental and sexual health problems as well as physical challenges faced by patients. Strengths and Limitations The interviewer’s modest experience in conducting interviews is believed to have been duly compensated for by continuous and accumulating learning-while-doing process because the same interviewer conducted all of the interviews and did so consecutively. Conclusions Danish men expressed satisfaction with the questionnaire and found it valuable as a tool when visiting the doctor for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majken H Wiborg
- Corresponding author: Department of Urology, Hospital of South West Jutland, Finsensgade 35, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.
| | - Birgitte S Laursen
- Sexology Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Clinical Nursing Research Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Else B Kallestrup
- Department of Urology, Hospital of South West Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Krøijer
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hospital of South West Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Lars Lund
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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3
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Lunn J, Berggren N, Ward J, Forster S. Irrelevant sights and sounds require spatial suppression: ERP evidence. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14181. [PMID: 36114739 PMCID: PMC10078104 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Both real-world experience and behavioral laboratory research suggest that entirely irrelevant stimuli (distractors) can interfere with a primary task. However, it is as yet unknown whether such interference reflects competition for spatial attention - indeed, prominent theories of attention predict that this should not be the case. Whilst electrophysiological indices of spatial capture and spatial suppression have been well-investigated, experiments have primarily utilized distractors which share a degree of task-relevance with targets, and are limited to the visual domain. The present research measured behavioral and ERP responses to test the ability of salient yet entirely task-irrelevant visual and auditory distractors to compete for spatial attention during a visual task, while also testing for potentially enhanced competition from multisensory distractors. Participants completed a central letter search task, while ignoring lateralized visual (e.g., image of a dog), auditory (e.g., barking), or multisensory (e.g., image + barking) distractors. Results showed that visual and multisensory distractors elicited a PD component indicative of active lateralized suppression. We also establish for the first time an auditory analog of the PD component, the PAD , elicited by auditory and multisensory distractors. Interestingly, there was no evidence to suggest enhanced ability of multisensory distractors to compete for attentional selection, despite previous proposals of a "special" saliency status for such items. Our findings hence suggest that irrelevant multisensory and unisensory distractors are similarly capable of eliciting a spatial "attend-to-me" signal - a precursor of spatial attentional capture - but at least in the present data set did not elicit full spatial attentional capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lunn
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Nick Berggren
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Jamie Ward
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Sophie Forster
- School of Psychology and Sussex Neuroscience, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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4
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Jarusiewicz J, Yoshimura S, Mayasundari A, Actis M, Aggarwal A, McGowan K, Yang L, Li Y, Fu X, Mishra V, Heath R, Narina S, Pruett-Miller SM, Nishiguchi G, Yang JJ, Rankovic Z. Phenyl Dihydrouracil: An Alternative Cereblon Binder for PROTAC Design. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:141-145. [PMID: 36793425 PMCID: PMC9923830 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalidomide and its analogues are frequently used in PROTAC design. However, they are known to be inherently unstable, undergoing hydrolysis even in commonly utilized cell culture media. We recently reported that phenyl glutarimide (PG)-based PROTACs displayed improved chemical stability and, consequently, improved protein degradation efficacy and cellular potency. Our optimization efforts, aiming to further improve the chemical stability and eliminate the racemization-prone chiral center in PG, led us to the development of phenyl dihydrouracil (PD)-based PROTACs. Here we describe the design and synthesis of LCK-directing PD-PROTACs and compare their physicochemical and pharmacological properties to those of the corresponding IMiD and PG analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie
A. Jarusiewicz
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St.
Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Satoshi Yoshimura
- Department
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Anand Mayasundari
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St.
Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Marisa Actis
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St.
Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Anup Aggarwal
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St.
Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Kevin McGowan
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St.
Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Lei Yang
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St.
Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St.
Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Xiang Fu
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St.
Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Vibhor Mishra
- Protein
Production Facility, St. Jude Children’s
Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Richard Heath
- Protein
Production Facility, St. Jude Children’s
Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Shilpa Narina
- Center
for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude
Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Shondra M. Pruett-Miller
- Center
for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude
Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Gisele Nishiguchi
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St.
Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Jun J. Yang
- Department
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Zoran Rankovic
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St.
Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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5
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Ghaffari A, Doria Medina Sanchez J. Peritoneal Dialysis Should Be Considered the First Option for Patients Requiring Urgent Start Dialysis: PRO. Kidney360 2023; 4:134-137. [PMID: 36821604 PMCID: PMC10103293 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0007782021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arshia Ghaffari
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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6
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Huang S, Dong Y, Zhao J. The mean kurtosis (MK) is more sensitive diagnostic biomarker than fractional anisotropy (FA) for Parkinson's disease: A diagnostic performance study and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31312. [PMID: 36397320 PMCID: PMC9666087 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mean kurtosis (MK) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in patients of Parkinson's disease (PD) are usually measured by diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), separately. METHODS In this study we perform a meta-analysis to discuss which noninvasive biomarker is more advantageous for PD, MK, or FA. Databases including Medline via PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase via OVID and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Databases are searched up to December 31st, 2019. Four brain regions are identified for analysis based on data extracted from articles. RESULTS The articles contain 5 trials with 274 total PD patients and 189 healthy controls (HCs). The results show not only significantly higher MK values of putamen, caudate, globus pallidus in PD compared to that of HCs (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.02-0.09, P = .002, WMD = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01-0.067, P = .01, WMD = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.11-0.24, P < .00001), but also a significantly higher FA in caudate of PD compared to HCs (WMD = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.00-0.03, P = .006). CONCLUSION This indicates that the sharp difference detected between PD patients and HCs can be detected by DKI and DTI. By further discussing results, we found that MK could be more sensitive diagnostic biomarker than FA toward PD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Huang
- Department of Radiology, Guang’an People’s Hospital, Guangan, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanchao Dong
- Department of Interventional Treatment, Qinhuangdao Municipal, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guang’an People’s Hospital, Guangan, Sichuan Province, P. R. China
- * Correspondence: Jiaying Zhao, Department of Internal Medicine, Guang’an People’s Hospital, No. 1, Section 4, Binhe Road, Guangan 638500, Sichuan Province, P. R. China (e-mail: )
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Abstract
Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is a method of continuous administration of levodopa - the standard treatment in Parkinson disease (PD, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, gait impairment, and bradykinesia), thought to reduce the short-life and pulsatile problems of oral administration. We aimed to study the effects of Levodopa-Carbidopa therapy in 2 separate groups: one with intrajejunal administration of Levodopa-Carbidopa gel and the second with oral therapy.We performed an observational retrospective Romanian cohort study on 61 patients diagnosed with PD patients, with Hoehn and Jahr 3 and 4 stages, recruited from a single regional tertiary center in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, between 2009 and 2019.The mean adjusted UPDRS III (and similarly for UPDRS II) improved in the LCIG compared to the oral therapy group with 15.6 (95% CI 12.0-19.2, P < .001), and with 18.4 (95% CI 13.8-22.9, P < .001), stratified for the Hoehn and Jahr stages 3 and 4. There was a 41.7% (10) reduction in dyskinesia, and 29.2% reduction in wearing off/on-off at 1 year in the LCIG group compared to 0% (0) dyskinesia reduction, and 2.7% reduction in wearing off/on-off in the oral therapy group.Continuous intrajejunal infusion of LCIG ensures a significant and clinical reduction in motor fluctuations compared to oral therapy in advanced PD, even after adjustment for important confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefan-Lucian Popa
- 2nd Medical Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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8
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Ramsay G, Jolayemi A. Personality Disorders Revisited: A Newly Proposed Mental Illness. Cureus 2020; 12:e9634. [PMID: 32923235 PMCID: PMC7478931 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality disorders such as dependent personality disorder (DPD), among others, have shown limited academic development in terms of a more in-depth understanding or subtypes that may exist as a mental illness or associated condition. DPD was first published as a distinct personality disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 3rd edition (DSM III) psychiatry manual in 1980. Since its revision in the DSM IIIR in 1987, no significant advancements have been proposed to date. This case study reported a patient with suicidal ideation and offered a new type of DPD to advance personality disorders research. The new subtype of dependent personality disorder has a few key characteristics of the traditional disorder yet reveals features that mirror nearly opposite symptom criteria, making it unique as a distinct subtype or possibly a separate personality disorder of its kind. The case study patient report proposes comorbid diagnoses of adjustment disorder and dependent personality disorder, the altruistic depressive type. Recommendations for further research were made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen Ramsay
- Psychiatry, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
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9
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Peng X, Cui Z, Bai X, Lv H. Bio-synthesis of palladium nanocubes and their electrocatalytic properties. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:1031-1036. [PMID: 30964009 PMCID: PMC8676066 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bio-synthesis of palladium nanocubes (PdNCs) was realised using pine needle extract as the reducing agent and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as the capping agent. As an eco-friendly and readily available biomass, pine needle extract avoided the use of highly polluting chemical reducing agents. The growth process of PdNCs was analysed using ultraviolet-vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Flavonoids, esters, terpenoids and polyhydric alcohols, which contain reductive groups, were mainly responsible for the transition of Pd2+ ions to PdNCs. The morphology and structure of PdNCs were characterised using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, selected area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. It was indicated that the as-prepared PdNCs displayed a relatively high purity and good crystallinity with a face-centred cubic structure and exhibited sizes ranging from 6.11 to 29.51 nm with an average particle size of 11.18 nm. In the methanol electro-oxidation reaction, the PdNCs enclosed by {100} facets exhibited superior electro-catalytic activity to commercial Pd/C, which was rarely reported in other bio-synthesis processes for Pd catalysts. Meanwhile, the PdNCs showed excellent anti-poisoning ability and long-term stability. This study reveals the possibility of preparing shape-controlled PdNCs with a specific structure and excellent electro-catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Peng
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zelin Cui
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongfei Lv
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
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10
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Liu G, Bai X. Biosynthesis of palladium nanoparticles using Poplar leaf extract and its application in Suzuki coupling reaction. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:310-316. [PMID: 28476989 PMCID: PMC8676551 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A green route for the synthesis of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (Pd NPs) employing Poplar leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent is described. The as-prepared Pd NPs are spherical with a face centred cubic structure, a particle distribution of 2.2-6.8 nm and an average particle size of 4.2 nm. The application of this catalyst toward homogeneous Suzuki coupling reactions was investigated. The Pd NPs afforded a yield of 98.86% in the Suzuki coupling reaction of 4-bromotoluene with phenylboronic acid using 0.01 mmol% of the catalyst at 60°C for 30 min under an air atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Peyronient of Urology, Schoolaracterized by the formation of fibrous plaque in the tunica albuginea of the penis. The patient usually complains of penile deformities in the form of curvature, palpable plaques, hourglass deformity, shortening or indentation with or without pain. The patient might also suffer from erectile dysfunction. The disease is associated with significant mental morbidity as 48% of the patients are clinically depressed. In addition, several comorbidities were found to be associated with the disease, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, erectile dysfunction, low testosterone, obesity, and smoking. Furthermore, 20% of patients were found to have Dupuytren by the formation. This presentation summarizes the current literature pertaining to all pharmacotherapies (oral, intralesional, iontophoresis, and topical) and minimally invasive treatments available for PD (vacuum, traction device, shock wave therapy, and radiation treatment). Special emphasis will be on the recently FDA approved collagenase (Xiaflex). Clostridial collagenases’ ability to digest native, triple-helical types I, II, and III collagens into a mixture of small peptides is its primary distinguishing factor. This is accomplished by making multiple scissions in the triple helix. Digestion is completed by hydrolyzing those fragments into a mixture of small peptides. Conversely, vertebrate collagenases initiate collagenolysis by making a single scission across all three alpha chains after which attack on those alpha chains is very limited. Two phase 3 studies: IMPRESS (Investigation for Maximal Peyronie’s Reduction Efficacy and Safety Studies) I (417 men) and II (415 men) confirm the efficacy and safety. Men treated with collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) showed a mean 34% improvement in penile curvature, representing a -17.0 ±14.8 degree change per subject, compared with a mean 18.2% improvement in placebo treated men, representing a -9.3±13.6 degree change per subject (P<0.0001). The mean change in Peyronie disease symptom bother score was significantly improved in treated men vs men on placebo (-2.8±3.8 vs. -1.8±3.5, P=0.0037). Three serious adverse events (corporeal rupture) were surgically repaired. We currently employ CCH in our practice as a first line therapy for stable PD with dorsal or dorsal-lateral
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Gavia DJ, Maung MS, Shon YS. Water-soluble Pd nanoparticles synthesized from ω-carboxyl-S-alkanethiosulfate ligand precursors as unimolecular micelle catalysts. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:12432-40. [PMID: 24246150 PMCID: PMC4072038 DOI: 10.1021/am4035043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a two-phase synthesis of water-soluble carboxylate-functionalized alkanethiolate-capped Pd nanoparticles from ω-carboxyl-S-alkanethiosulfate sodium salts. The two-phase methodology using the thiosulfate ligand passivation protocol allowed a highly specific control over the surface ligand coverage of these nanoparticles, which are lost in a one-phase aqueous system because of the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of thiosulfate to thiolate. Systematic synthetic variations investigated in this study included the concentration of ω-carboxyl-S-alkanethiosulfate ligand precursors and reducing agent, NaBH4, and the overall ligand chain length. The resulting water-soluble Pd nanoparticles were isolated and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), (1)H NMR, UV-vis, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Among different variations, a decrease in the molar equivalent of NaBH4 resulted in a reduction in the surface ligand density while maintaining a similar particle core size. Additionally, reducing the chain length of the thiosulfate ligand precursor also led to the formation of stable nanoparticles with a lower surface coverage. Since the metal core size of these Pd nanoparticle variations remained quite consistent, direct correlation studies between ligand properties and catalytic activities against hydrogenation/isomerization of allyl alcohol could be performed. Briefly, Pd nanoparticles dissolved in water favored the hydrogenation of allyl alcohol to 1-propanol whereas Pd nanoparticles heterogeneously dispersed in chloroform exhibited a rather high selectivity towards the isomerization product (propanal). The results suggested that the surrounding ligand environments, such as the ligand structure, conformation, and surface coverage, were crucial in determining the overall activity and selectivity of the Pd nanoparticle catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Young-Seok Shon
- Corresponding Author: . Tel: 562-985-4466. Fax: 562-985-8547
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13
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Zhang X, Luo C, Tang J. Sensitivity characteristic analysis of adsorbent-mixed carbon nanotube sensors for the detection of SSF₆ decomposition products under PD conditions. Sensors (Basel) 2013; 13:15209-20. [PMID: 24212119 PMCID: PMC3871087 DOI: 10.3390/s131115209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) gas decomposition results from the energy produced by partial discharge (PD). The detection of SO₂ and H₂S content, as important characteristic components of the decomposition products, is significant in the determination of the insulation level of SF₆ gas and the inside insulation faults of gas-insulated equipment. A number of gas sensors use carbon nanotubes (CNTs). However, the applications of these sensors are limited by their low intrinsic sensitivity. In this paper, an adsorbent-mixed carbon nanotube gas sensor is proposed to improve the detection of SO₂ and H2S concentrations. The sensitivity of adsorbent-mixed carbon nanotube gas sensors to SO₂ and H₂S at 100 ppm was investigated experimentally. The effect of the mixing ratio on the gas sensitivity characteristic and mechanism of response was also studied. The results show that compared with intrinsic CNTs gas sensors, the gas sensor featuring adsorbent-mixed CNTs has significantly higher sensitivity and responsiveness to SO₂ and H₂S. The resistance-change rate of SO₂ and H₂S increased to 33.7% and 50.9% from 0.96% and 12.9%, respectively. Moreover, the resistance-change rate and gas concentration satisfy a linear relationship. The sensor has good repeatability and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transmission & Distribution Equipment and Power System Safety and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400040, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Chenchen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transmission & Distribution Equipment and Power System Safety and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400040, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Ju Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Transmission & Distribution Equipment and Power System Safety and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400040, China; E-Mails: (C.L.); (J.T.)
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Xie W, Yuan S, Mao X, Hu W, Liao P, Tong M, Alshawabkeh AN. Electrocatalytic activity of Pd-loaded Ti/TiO2 nanotubes cathode for TCE reduction in groundwater. Water Res 2013; 47:3573-82. [PMID: 23726693 PMCID: PMC6321742 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel cathode, Pd loaded Ti/TiO2 nanotubes (Pd-Ti/TiO2NTs), is synthesized for the electrocatalytic reduction of trichloroethylene (TCE) in groundwater. Pd nanoparticles are successfully loaded on TiO2 nanotubes which grow on Ti plate via anodization. Using Pd-Ti/TiO2NTs as the cathode in an undivided electrolytic cell, TCE is efficiently and quantitatively transformed to ethane. Under conditions of 100 mA and pH 7, the removal efficiency of TCE (21 mg/L) is up to 91% within 120 min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics with the rate constant of 0.019 min(-1). Reduction rates increase from 0.007 to 0.019 min(-1) with increasing the current from 20 to 100 mA, slightly decrease in the presence of 10 mM chloride or bicarbonate, and decline with increasing the concentrations of sulfite or sulfide. O2 generated at the anode slightly influences TCE reduction. At low currents, TCE is mainly reduced by direct electron transfer on the Pd-Ti/TiO2NT cathode. However, the contribution of Pd-catalytic hydrodechlorination, an indirect reduction mechanism, becomes significant with increasing the current. Compared with other common cathodes, i.e., Ti-based mixed metal oxides, graphite and Pd/Ti, Pd-Ti/TiO2NTs cathode shows superior performance for TCE reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xie
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 18971623175., , (S. Yuan)
| | - Xuhui Mao
- School of resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Peng Liao
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Man Tong
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Akram N. Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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15
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Wang Z, Luo J, Fu G, Wang Z, Wu R. Stochastic modeling of systems mapping in pharmacogenomics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:912-7. [PMID: 23528445 PMCID: PMC4249941 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a basis of personalized medicine, pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics that aim to study the genetic architecture of drug response critically rely on dynamic modeling of how a drug is absorbed and transported to target tissues where the drug interacts with body molecules to produce drug effects. Systems mapping provides a general framework for integrating systems pharmacology and pharmacogenomics through robust ordinary differential equations. In this chapter, we extend systems mapping to more complex and more heterogeneous structure of drug response by implementing stochastic differential equations (SDE). We argue that SDE-implemented systems mapping provides a computational tool for pharmacogenetic or pharmacogenomic research towards personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jiangtao Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Guifang Fu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Center for Statistical Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Rongling Wu
- Center for Statistical Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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16
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Yuan S, Chen M, Mao X, Alshawabkeh AN. A three-electrode column for Pd-catalytic oxidation of TCE in groundwater with automatic pH-regulation and resistance to reduced sulfur compound foiling. Water Res 2013; 47:269-78. [PMID: 23121896 PMCID: PMC3581803 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid electrolysis and Pd-catalytic oxidation process is evaluated for degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in groundwater. A three-electrode, one anode and two cathodes, column is employed to automatically develop a low pH condition in the Pd vicinity and a neutral effluent. Simulated groundwater containing up to 5 mM bicarbonate can be acidified to below pH 4 in the Pd vicinity using a total of 60 mA with 20 mA passing through the third electrode. By packing 2 g of Pd/Al(2)O(3) pellets in the developed acidic region, the column efficiency for TCE oxidation in simulated groundwater (5.3 mg/L TCE) increases from 44 to 59 and 68% with increasing Fe(II) concentration from 0 to 5 and 10 mg/L, respectively. Different from Pd-catalytic hydrodechlorination under reducing conditions, this hybrid electrolysis and Pd-catalytic oxidation process is advantageous in controlling the fouling caused by reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) because the in situ generated reactive oxidizing species, i.e., O(2), H(2)O(2) and OH, can oxidize RSCs to some extent. In particular, sulfite at concentrations less than 1 mM even greatly increases TCE oxidation by the production of SO(4)(•-), a strong oxidizing radical, and more OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhu Yuan
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Corresponding author. (S. Yuan), (A. Alshawabkeh)
| | - Mingjie Chen
- Atmospheric, Earth and Energy Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-184, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Xuhui Mao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Akram N. Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 400 Snell Engineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Corresponding author. (S. Yuan), (A. Alshawabkeh)
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17
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Faith DP, Richards ZT. Climate change impacts on the tree of life: changes in phylogenetic diversity illustrated for acropora corals. Biology (Basel) 2012; 1:906-32. [PMID: 24832524 PMCID: PMC4009810 DOI: 10.3390/biology1030906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The possible loss of whole branches from the tree of life is a dramatic, but under-studied, biological implication of climate change. The tree of life represents an evolutionary heritage providing both present and future benefits to humanity, often in unanticipated ways. Losses in this evolutionary (evo) life-support system represent losses in "evosystem" services, and are quantified using the phylogenetic diversity (PD) measure. High species-level biodiversity losses may or may not correspond to high PD losses. If climate change impacts are clumped on the phylogeny, then loss of deeper phylogenetic branches can mean disproportionately large PD loss for a given degree of species loss. Over time, successive species extinctions within a clade each may imply only a moderate loss of PD, until the last species within that clade goes extinct, and PD drops precipitously. Emerging methods of "phylogenetic risk analysis" address such phylogenetic tipping points by adjusting conservation priorities to better reflect risk of such worst-case losses. We have further developed and explored this approach for one of the most threatened taxonomic groups, corals. Based on a phylogenetic tree for the corals genus Acropora, we identify cases where worst-case PD losses may be avoided by designing risk-averse conservation priorities. We also propose spatial heterogeneity measures changes to assess possible changes in the geographic distribution of corals PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoe T Richards
- Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, WA 6106, Australia.
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18
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Zhang L, Wang L, Jiang Z, Xie Z. Synthesis of size-controlled monodisperse Pd nanoparticles via a non-aqueous seed-mediated growth. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:312. [PMID: 22713177 PMCID: PMC3462717 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated that stepwise seed-mediated growth could be extended in non-aqueous solution (solvothermal synthesis) and improved as an effective method for controlling the uniform size of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) in a wide range. The monodisperse Pd NPs with the size of about 5 nm were synthesized by simply reducing Pd(acac)2 with formaldehyde in different organic amine solvents. By an improved stepwise seed-mediated synthesis, the size of the monodisperse Pd NPs can be precisely controlled from approximately 5 to 10 nm. The as-prepared Pd NPs could self assemble to well-shaped superlattice crystal without size selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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19
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Charlesworth G, Gandhi S, Bras JM, Barker RA, Burn DJ, Chinnery PF, Gentleman SM, Guerreiro R, Hardy J, Holton JL, Lees A, Morrison K, Sheerin UM, Williams N, Morris H, Revesz T, Wood NW. Tau acts as an independent genetic risk factor in pathologically proven PD. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:838.e7-11. [PMID: 22221882 PMCID: PMC3629571 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
MAPT has been repeatedly linked with Parkinson's disease (PD) in association studies. Although tau deposition may be seen in PD, its relevance to the pathogenesis of the condition remains unclear. The presence of tau-positive inclusions is, however, the defining feature of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), which may often be clinically misdiagnosed as idiopathic PD. On a genetic level, variants in MAPT are the strongest risk factor for PSP. These facts raise the question whether the MAPT association in PD results from contamination with unrecognized cases of PSP. Using only neuropathologically proven PD, we show that the MAPT association remains and is independent of the PSP Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Charlesworth
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Jose M. Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Roger A. Barker
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J. Burn
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Patrick F. Chinnery
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Mitochondrial Research Group, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen M. Gentleman
- Neuropathology Unit, Centre for Neuroscience, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Janice L. Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Lees
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karen Morrison
- Division of Neurosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Una-Marie Sheerin
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Nigel Williams
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Huw Morris
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas W. Wood
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK,UCL Genetics Institute, London, UK,Corresponding author at: UCL Institute of Neurology, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Tel.: 0203 448 4255 ext 84255, fax: 0207 278 5616
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20
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Hoang T, Choi DK, Nagai M, Wu DC, Nagata T, Prou D, Wilson GL, Vila M, Jackson-Lewis V, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Chesselet MF, Przedborski S. Neuronal NOS and cyclooxygenase-2 contribute to DNA damage in a mouse model of Parkinson disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:1049-56. [PMID: 19616617 PMCID: PMC3690578 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage is a proposed pathogenic factor in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson disease. To probe the underpinning mechanism of such neuronal perturbation, we sought to produce an experimental model of DNA damage. We thus first assessed DNA damage by in situ nick translation and emulsion autoradiography in the mouse brain after administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; 4 x 20 mg/kg, ip, every 2 h), a neurotoxin known to produce a model of Parkinson disease. Here we show that DNA strand breaks occur in vivo in this mouse model of Parkinson disease with kinetics and a topography that parallel the degeneration of substantia nigra neurons, as assessed by FluoroJade labeling. Previously, nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) were found to modulate MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal death. We thus assessed the contribution of these enzymes to DNA damage in mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), or Cox-2. We found that the lack of Cox-2 and nNOS activities but not of iNOS activity attenuated MPTP-related DNA damage. We also found that not only nuclear, but also mitochondrial, DNA is a target for the MPTP insult. These results suggest that the loss of genomic integrity can be triggered by the concerted actions of nNOS and Cox-2 and provide further support to the view that DNA damage may contribute to the neurodegenerative process in Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Hoang
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Makiko Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Du-Chu Wu
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tetsuya Nagata
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Delphine Prou
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Glenn L. Wilson
- Departments of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Miquel Vila
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Valina L. Dawson
- Neurodegeneration and Stem Cell programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Neurodegeneration and Stem Cell programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Serge Przedborski
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell biology and Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with an abnormal pattern of regional brain function. The expression of this PD-related covariance pattern (PDRP) has been used to assess disease progression and the response to treatment. In this study, we validated the PDRP network as a measure of parkinsonism by prospectively computing its expression (PDRP scores) in (15)O-water (H(2)(15)O) and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scans from PD patients and healthy volunteers. The reliability of this measure was also assessed within subjects using a test-retest design in mildly affected and advanced PD patients scanned at baseline and during treatment with levodopa or deep brain stimulation (DBS). We found that PDRP expression was significantly elevated in PD patients (P<0.001) relative to controls in a prospective analysis of brain scans obtained with either H(2)(15)O or FDG PET. A significant correlation (R(2)=0.61; P<0.001) was evident between PDRP scores computed from H(2)(15)O and FDG images in PD subjects scanned with both tracers. Test-retest reproducibility was very high (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)>0.92) for PDRP scores measured both within PET session and between sessions separated by up to 2 months. This high reproducibility was observed in both early stage and advanced PD patients scanned at baseline and during treatment. The within-subject variability of this measure was less than 10% for both unmedicated and treated conditions. These findings suggest that the PDRP network is a reproducible and stable descriptor of regional functional abnormalities in parkinsonism. The quantification of PDRP expression in PD patients can serve as a potential biomarker in PET intervention studies for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Ma
- Center for Neurosciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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22
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Huang C, Mattis P, Tang C, Perrine K, Carbon M, Eidelberg D. Metabolic brain networks associated with cognitive function in Parkinson's disease. Neuroimage 2007; 34:714-23. [PMID: 17113310 PMCID: PMC4456012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been linked to an abnormal spatial covariance pattern involving basal ganglia thalamocortical pathways. By contrast, little is known about the functional networks that underlie cognitive dysfunction in this disorder. To identify such patterns, we studied 15 non-demented PD patients using FDG PET and a voxel-based network modeling approach. We detected a significant covariance pattern that correlated (p<0.01) with performance on tests of memory and executive functioning. This PD-related cognitive pattern (PDCP) was characterized by metabolic reductions in frontal and parietal association areas and relative increases in the cerebellar vermis and dentate nuclei. To validate this pattern, we analyzed data from 32 subsequent PD patients of similar age, disease duration and severity. Prospective measurements of PDCP activity predicted memory performance (p<0.005), visuospatial function (p<0.01), and perceptual motor speed (p<0.005) in this validation sample. PDCP scores additionally exhibited an excellent degree of test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC=0.89) in patients undergoing repeat FDG PET at an 8-week interval. Unlike the PD-related motor pattern, PDCP expression was not significantly altered by antiparkinsonian treatment with either intravenous levodopa or deep brain stimulation (DBS). These findings substantiate the PDCP as a reproducible imaging marker of cognitive function in PD. Because PDCP expression is not altered by routine antiparkinsonian treatment, this measure of network activity may prove useful in clinical trials targeting the progression of non-motor manifestations of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaorui Huang
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, North Shore University Hospital and New York University School of Medicine, New York NY, USA
| | - Paul Mattis
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Chengke Tang
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, North Shore University Hospital and New York University School of Medicine, New York NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Maren Carbon
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, North Shore University Hospital and New York University School of Medicine, New York NY, USA
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, NY 11030, USA
- Department of Neurology and Medicine, North Shore University Hospital and New York University School of Medicine, New York NY, USA
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23
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Santos F, Rodrigues J, Pacheco J. Graph topology plays a determinant role in the evolution of cooperation. Proc Biol Sci 2006; 273:51-5. [PMID: 16519234 PMCID: PMC1560002 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the evolution of cooperation in communities described in terms of graphs, such that individuals occupy the vertices and engage in single rounds of the Prisoner's Dilemma with those individuals with whom they are connected through the edges of those graphs. We find an overwhelming dominance of cooperation whenever graphs are dynamically generated through the mechanisms of growth and preferential attachment. These mechanisms lead to the appearance of direct links between hubs, which constitute sufficient conditions to sustain cooperation. We show that cooperation dominates from large population sizes down to communities with nearly 100 individuals, even when extrinsic factors set a limit on the number of interactions that each individual may engage in.
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Affiliation(s)
- F.C Santos
- IRIDIA Université Libre de BruxellesAvenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, Belgium
- GADGETApartado 1329, 1009-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - J.M Pacheco
- GADGETApartado 1329, 1009-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Física da Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional1649-003 Lisboa Codex, Portugal
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