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Szydlowska-Gladysz J, Gorecka AE, Stepien J, Rysz I, Ben-Skowronek I. IGF-1 and IGF-2 as Molecules Linked to Causes and Consequences of Obesity from Fetal Life to Adulthood: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3966. [PMID: 38612776 PMCID: PMC11012406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the impact of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) on various aspects of children's health-from the realms of growth and puberty to the nuanced characteristics of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, liver pathology, carcinogenic potential, and cardiovascular disorders. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, with a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method employing specific keywords related to child health, obesity, and insulin-like growth factors. This study reveals associations between insulin-like growth factor 1 and birth weight, early growth, and adiposity. Moreover, insulin-like growth factors play a pivotal role in regulating bone development and height during childhood, with potential implications for puberty onset. This research uncovers insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor 2 as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it also highlights the association between insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and cancer. Additionally, this research explores the impact of insulin-like growth factors on cardiovascular health, noting their role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Insulin-like growth factors play vital roles in human physiology, influencing growth and development from fetal stages to adulthood. The impact of maternal obesity on children's IGF levels is complex, influencing growth and carrying potential metabolic consequences. Imbalances in IGF levels are linked to a range of health conditions (e.g., insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes), prompting researchers to seek novel therapies and preventive strategies, offering challenges and opportunities in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Szydlowska-Gladysz
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology with Endocrine-Metabolic Laboratory, Medical University in Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Iwona Ben-Skowronek
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology with Endocrine-Metabolic Laboratory, Medical University in Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Quignon C. Collection and Analysis of Vaginal Smears to Assess Reproductive Stage in Mice. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e887. [PMID: 37725703 PMCID: PMC10516510 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of scientific studies include female mice to assess possible sex differences. As such, for reproducibility by others, it is important to consider hormonal levels, i.e., report the reproductive status of the female mice used. The mouse estrous cycle can be divided in 4 stages, all characterized by a different proportion of 3 cell types found in vaginal secretions. Observation of the mouse vaginal opening and collection of vaginal smears for analysis of cytology can be done in order to determine puberty onset and estrus stage. This protocol describes the characteristics of each estrus stage and details a quick and low-invasive method for collection of vaginal secretions. Examples of estrous cycle stages are included to help the investigator visualize patterns of cyclicity, which can provide important information about the reproductive health of the mice. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Basic Protocol 1: Visual assessment of vaginal opening Basic Protocol 2: Collection of vaginal secretion (smears).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Quignon
- Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Yuan X, Shangguan H, Zhang Y, Lin X, Chen R. Intervention Effect of Probiotics on the Early Onset of Puberty Induced by Daidzein in Female Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200501. [PMID: 36528780 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between soy isoflavones (SI)-induced gut dysbiosis and puberty onset has not been explored, and the protective effect of probiotic is still controversial. This study investigates the action of daidzein (the main components of SI) and probiotic on the age of puberty onset in female mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Changes in the gut microbiota and production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism are highlighted to analyze a possible causative relationship to puberty onset in female c57/bl mice. The results demonstrate that daidzein promotes earlier onset of puberty, and can significantly alter the composition of the fecal bacterial community. Furthermore, daidzein alters the gut microbiota such that levels of butyrate, isovalerate, and hexanoate are reduced. Moreover, a probiotic treatment normalizes the timing of puberty onset, likely due to alteration in the gut microbiota to enhance SCFAs production. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that 95% daidzein has the potential to advance the timing of puberty onset in female mice, and the gut microbiome can be a therapeutic target to regulate the timing of puberty onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Huakun Shangguan
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xiangquan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
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Saito-Abe M, Nishizato M, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Yang L, Fukami M, Ito Y, Ihara K, Iwabuchi A, Okamoto S, Naiki Y, Ohya Y, Horikawa R. Comparison of physician- and self-assessed pubertal onset in Japanese children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:950541. [PMID: 37025288 PMCID: PMC10070871 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.950541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical examinations to assess pubertal development are challenging in large epidemiological surveys. This study aimed to assess the reliability of judgment of pubertal onset in Japanese children by the original pubertal self-assessment sheet. Methods A total of 144 children aged 10 or 12 years were recruited between March 2019 and September 2020 from the pediatric endocrine outpatient clinics of participating institutions. Agreement between the physician- and participantassessed pubertal onsets was determined using unweighted kappa (UK) and Gwet's agreement coefficient (AC1). Results The physician's assessment of pubertal onset was in slight agreement with that of the self-assessment sheet in 10-year-old boys (UK: 0.23 and AC1: 0.14), whereas the agreement between the physician's assessment and self-assessment sheet results was good and the physician's assessment was fair (UK: 0.64 and AC1: 0.94) in 12-year-old boys. The physician's assessment of pubertal onset were in good and moderate agreement with the self-assessment sheet in 10-year-old girls (UK/AC1: 0.74/0.78, respectively). In 12-year-old girls, although it showed poor agreement with UK (0.46), there was a very good agreement with AC1 (0.88). Conclusions Although self-assessment of breast development was in good agreement with that of the physician's assessment for determining pubertal onset in girls, large-scale epidemiological studies are difficult to conduct for adolescent boys, especially for those in the early pubertal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayako Saito-Abe
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence: Mayako Saito-Abe Reiko Horikawa
| | - Minaho Nishizato
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Liming Yang
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- The Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Division of Clinical Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Ihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwabuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shingo Okamoto
- Okamoto Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Clinic, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Naiki
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- Medical Support Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Horikawa
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence: Mayako Saito-Abe Reiko Horikawa
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Liu J, Yuan Y, Peng X, Wang Y, Cao R, Zhang Y, Fu L. Mechanism of leptin-NPY on the onset of puberty in male offspring rats after androgen intervention during pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1090552. [PMID: 37056673 PMCID: PMC10086166 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1090552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The time of onset of puberty has been increasingly earlier, but its mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to reveal the mechanism of leptin and NPY in the onset of puberty in male offspring rats after androgen intervention during pregnancy. METHODS Eight-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and 16 female SD rats were selected and caged at 1:2. The pregnant rats were randomly divided into the olive oil control group (OOG) and testosterone intervention group (TG), with 8 rats in each group. Olive oil and testosterone were injected from the 15th day of pregnancy, for a total of 4 injections (15th, 17th, 19th, 21st day). After the onset of puberty, the male offspring rats were anesthetized with 2% pentobarbital sodium to collect blood by ventral aorta puncture and decapitated to peel off the hypothalamus and abdominal fat. Serum testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and leptin were detected by ELISA, and then the free androgen index (FAI) was calculated. The mRNA levels of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ERα), NPY, leptinR, and NPY2R in the hypothalamus and abdominal fat were detected by RT-PCR. Protein expression levels of AR, ERα, NPY, leptinR, and NPY2R in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The time of onset of puberty was significantly earlier in the TG than in the OOG (P< 0.05) and was positively correlated with body weight, body length, abdominal fat, and leptinR mRNA levels in adipose tissue in the OOG (P< 0.05), while it was positively correlated with serum DHT and DHEA concentrations and FAI and AR mRNA levels in the hypothalamus in the TG (P< 0.05). The NPY2R mRNA level and protein expression levels of ERα, NPY2R, and leptinR in the TG were significantly higher than those in the OOG, while the protein expression levels of AR and NPY in the TG were significantly lower than those in the OOG (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Testosterone intervention during pregnancy led to an earlier onset of puberty in male offspring rats, which may render the male offspring rats more sensitive to androgens, leptin, and NPY at the onset of puberty.
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Decourt C, Evans MC, Inglis MA, Anderson GM. Central Irisin Signaling Is Required for Normal Timing of Puberty in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6887324. [PMID: 36503981 PMCID: PMC9791080 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Timing of puberty requires exquisite coordination of genes, hormones, and brain circuitry. An increasing level of body adiposity, signaled to the brain via the fat-derived hormone leptin, is recognized as a major factor controlling puberty onset. However, it is clear that leptin is not the only metabolic cue regulating puberty, and that developmental regulation of this process also involves tissues other than adipose, with muscle development potentially playing a role in the timing of puberty. The proteolytic processing of fibronectin type 3 domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) releases a hormone, irisin. Irisin is primarily produced by muscle and is released into circulation, where levels increase dramatically as puberty approaches. We investigated the effects of a global deletion of the Fndc5 gene on pubertal timing. The absence of irisin induced a delay in puberty onset in female knockout mice compared with controls, without affecting body weight or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal density. We next treated pre-pubertal wild-type male and female mice with an irisin receptor antagonist, cilengitide, for 7 days and observed a delay in first estrus occurrence compared to vehicle-treated control mice. Male puberty timing was unaffected. Next, we deleted the irisin receptor (integrin subunit alpha V) in all forebrain neurons and found a delay in the occurrence of first estrus in knockout females compared to controls. Taken together, these data suggest irisin plays a role in the timing of puberty onset in female mice via a centrally mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Decourt
- Correspondence: Caroline Decourt, PhD, Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, School of Biomedical Sciences, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Maggie C Evans
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Megan A Inglis
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Greg M Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, University of Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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Decourt C, Connolly GADP, Ancel C, Inglis MA, Anderson GM. Agouti-related peptide neuronal silencing overcomes delayed puberty in neonatally underfed male mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13190. [PMID: 36306199 PMCID: PMC9788270 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons are thought to indirectly regulate the activity of hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons which control fertility. AgRP neurons also drive caloric intake and are modulated by metabolically-relevant hormones, providing a link to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. In mice expressing Cre-dependant designer receptors (DREADDs) in AgRP neurons, we activated or silenced these neurons in vivo using the synthetic ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) to observe the effect of AgRP neuron activity on timing of puberty. To validate these animals, we chronically treated both stimulatory (hM3Dq) and inhibitory (hM4Di) DREADD × AgRP-Cre mice with CNO, observing a pronounced increase and decrease of food intake, respectively, consistent with the known orexigenic effects of these neurons. RNAscope was performed to visually confirm the activation of AgRP neurons. Puberty onset was assessed in males and females. There was no effect on preputial separation in males or vaginal opening and first oestrus in females after CNO treatment from day 26 to 30 to chronically modulate AgRP neurons. Next, to determine whether the delay in puberty onset occurring in response to neonatal underfeeding could be overcome by inhibiting AgRP neuronal activity, mice were raised in large (neonatally underfed) or normal litter sizes. The delay in puberty from underfeeding was completely reversed in CNO-treated AgRP-hM4Di male mice. These data highlight the inhibitory role of AgRP neurons to delay puberty onset when undernutrition occurs during the neonatal period, at least in male mice. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER: JNE-22-0081-OA.R2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George A. D. P. Connolly
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of AnatomyUniversity of Otago School of Biomedical SciencesDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Caroline Ancel
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of AnatomyUniversity of Otago School of Biomedical SciencesDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Megan A. Inglis
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of AnatomyUniversity of Otago School of Biomedical SciencesDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Greg M. Anderson
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of AnatomyUniversity of Otago School of Biomedical SciencesDunedinNew Zealand
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Li Y, Ma T, Ma Y, Gao D, Chen L, Chen M, Liu J, Dong B, Dong Y, Ma J. Adiposity Status, Trajectories, and Earlier Puberty Onset: Results From a Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2462-2472. [PMID: 35779008 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adiposity is associated with earlier puberty onset in girls, but such an association among boys is controversial. OBJECTIVE To estimate the association of prepubertal adiposity status, trajectories, and the earlier puberty onset based on a cohort study. METHODS A total of 1322 children were included in 2017 (mean age of 8.1 ± 0.6 years for girls and 9.1 ± 0.6 years for boys) and were followed every 6 months until October 2020. Anthropometric profiles, including BMI, WC, and body composition indicators, were used to determine adiposity status. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify trajectory groups of anthropometric profiles. Testicular volume for boys and breast stage for girls were clinically assessed. Pubertal development was assessed through clinical inspection and palpation by using The Tanner rating map and Prader orchidometer. Covariate information was obtained through questionnaires. RESULTS Childhood adiposity was associated with increased risk of earlier puberty onset. Body composition was more sensitive to earlier puberty onset than BMI and WC. Boys and girls with high-level body fat percentage had increased risk of earlier puberty onset compared with those with low-level body fat percentage. However, boys and girls with high-level FFM (fat-free mass)/FM (fat mass) had a decreased risk of earlier puberty onset compared with those with low-level FFM/FM. High-level trajectories of rapid increase in anthropometric profiles, in addition to FFM/FM, were also significantly associated with higher risk of earlier puberty onset. CONCLUSION Prepubertal adiposity and distinct trajectories were associated with earlier puberty onset. It is important to maintain healthy adiposity status to prevent earlier puberty onset in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Sakali AK, Bargiota A, Fatouros IG, Jamurtas A, Macut D, Mastorakos G, Papagianni M. Effects on Puberty of Nutrition-Mediated Endocrine Disruptors Employed in Agriculture. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114184. [PMID: 34836437 PMCID: PMC8622967 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide residues are largely found in daily consumed food because of their extensive use in farming and their long half-life, which prolongs their presence in the environment. Many of these pesticides act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals after pre- or postnatal exposure, significantly affecting, among other things, the time of puberty onset, progression, and completion. In humans, precocious or delayed puberty, and early or delayed sexual maturation, may entail several negative long-term health implications. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the impact of endocrine-disrupting pesticides upon the timing of the landmarks of female and male puberty in both animals (vaginal opening, first estrus, and balanopreputial separation) and humans (thelarche, menarche, gonadarche). Moreover, we explore the possible mechanisms of action of the reviewed endocrine-disrupting pesticides on the human reproductive system. Access to safe, healthy, and nutritious food is fundamental for the maintenance of health and wellbeing. Eliminating the presence of hazardous chemicals in largely consumed food products may increase their nutritional value and be proven beneficial for overall health. Consequently, understanding the effects of human exposure to hazardous endocrine-disrupting pesticides, and legislating against their circulation, are of major importance for the protection of health in vulnerable populations, such as children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Konstantina Sakali
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.K.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (A.K.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Ioannis G. Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (I.G.F.); (A.J.)
| | - Athanasios Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (I.G.F.); (A.J.)
| | - Djuro Macut
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Papagianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
- Unit of Endocrinology, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Dai X, Pu D, Wang L, Cheng X, Liu X, Yin Z, Wang Z. Emergence of breeding tubercles and puberty onset in male zebrafish: evidence for a dependence on body growth. J Fish Biol 2021; 99:1071-1078. [PMID: 34037242 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of breeding tubercles (BTs) on the pectoral fins has been investigated as a typical male secondary sexual characteristic (SSC) that distinguish males from females in adult zebrafish. Nonetheless, the earliest occurrence of these tubercles and its association with puberty onset and body growth remain unclear. In this study, using morphological, histological and statistical analyses, the authors examined the first appearance of BTs and puberty onset in male zebrafish, with particular emphasis on the potential impact of body growth on them. The results of this study revealed that BTs distributed along the first five branched pectoral fin rays were the earliest manifestation of male SSCs, which is significantly strongly correlated with body weight (R2 = 0.9609, P < 0.001), and could be used as a "gold standard" for the earliest sex distinction (<0.1 g in weight). Using the first appearance of BTs (<0.20 mm2 ) as a metric, the authors established that male puberty commenced at a body weight of c. 0.056 ± 0.015 g or a standard length of 10.99 ± 1.051 mm (mean ± S.D.). In this study, the authors thus established a simple method that can be used to sex live zebrafish at the pubertal stage and provides the first evidence for the relationship of BTs and male puberty initiation with body growth. These findings will accordingly lay a foundation for exploring mechanisms of the SSCs and male puberty onset in zebrafish and other teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deyong Pu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinkai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Yang C, Ran Z, Liu G, Hou R, He C, Liu Q, Chen Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Ling C, Fang F, Li X. Melatonin Administration Accelerates Puberty Onset in Mice by Promoting FSH Synthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:1474. [PMID: 33803091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melatonin has been extensively studied in animal reproduction, the mechanism of melatonin in puberty remains elusive. This study was designed to explore the effect of intraperitoneal administration of melatonin on puberty onset in female mice. The injection of melatonin into postnatal days 10 mice at a dose of 15 mg/kg accelerated the puberty onset in mice. Mechanistically, there was no difference in physical growth and serum Leptin levels after melatonin administration. Meanwhile, the serum levels of reproductive hormones involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, such as FSH and estrogen level in serum were increased. The mRNA levels of GnRH and GnRHr were not affected by melatonin, while the expressions of FSHβ in pituitary and Cyp19a1 in ovary were significantly up-regulated. In addition, melatonin still promoted FSH synthesis after ovariectomy. Furthermore, the enhanced activity of ERK1/2 signaling verified that the expression of FSHβ increased in pituitary. We confirmed that melatonin promoted the FSH synthesis in pituitary, thereby increased serum estrogen levels and ultimately accelerated puberty onset. However, these effects of melatonin may be pharmacological due to the high dose. This study would help us to understand the functions of melatonin in pubertal regulation comprehensively.
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Chen LK, Wang G, Bennett WL, Ji Y, Pearson C, Radovick S, Wang X. Trajectory of Body Mass Index from Ages 2 to 7 Years and Age at Peak Height Velocity in Boys and Girls. J Pediatr 2021; 230:221-229.e5. [PMID: 33253732 PMCID: PMC7982280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between body mass index (BMI) at 2-4 years and 5-7 years and age at peak height velocity (APHV), an objective measure of pubertal timing, among boys and girls from predominantly racial minorities in the US that have been historically underrepresented in this research topic. STUDY DESIGN This study included 1296 mother-child dyads from the Boston Birth Cohort, a predominantly Black and low-income cohort enrolled at birth and followed prospectively during 1998-2018. The exposure was overweight or obesity, based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference standards. The outcome was APHV, derived using a mixed effects growth curve model. Multiple regression was used to estimate the overweight or obesity-APHV association and control for confounders. RESULTS Obesity at 2-4 years was associated with earlier APHV in boys (B in years, -0.19; 95% CI, -0.35 to -0.03) and girls (B, -0.22; 95% CI, -0.37 to -0.07). Obesity at 5-7 years was associated with earlier APHV in boys (B, -0.18; 95% CI, -0.32 to -0.03), whereas overweight and obesity at 5-7 years were both associated with earlier APHV in girls (overweight: B, -0.24; 95% CI, -0.40 to -0.08; obesity: B, -0.27; 95% CI, -0.40 to -0.13). With BMI trajectory, boys with persistent overweight or obesity and girls with overweight or obesity at 5-7 years, irrespective of overweight or obesity status at 2-4 years, had earlier APHV. CONCLUSIONS This prospective birth cohort study found that overweight or obesity during 2-7 years was associated with earlier pubertal onset in both boys and girls. The BMI trajectory analyses further suggest that reversal of overweight or obesity may halt the progression toward early puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kuang Chen
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Wendy L. Bennett
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Sally Radovick
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA,The Bristol-Myers Squibb Children’s Hospital at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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Saedi S, Shirazi MRJ, Zamiri MJ, Totonchi M, Dadpasand M, Sedaghati F. Impaired follicular development and endocrine disorders in female rats by prepubertal exposure to toxic doses of cadmium. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 36:63-75. [PMID: 32279652 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720912060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has been associated with several physiological problems including reproductive and endocrine system dysfunction resulting in temporary infertility. The principal objective of this project was to investigate the effects of prepubertal exposure to toxic doses of Cd on puberty onset, the endocrine system, and follicular development. For this purpose, 16 female Sprague-Dawley rats weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21 were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 4 per group). The treatments were as follows: 0, 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg/day of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) by oral gavage from PND 21 to observation of first vaginal opening (VO). The results demonstrated that prepubertal exposure to different doses of CdCl2 delays the age of VO, first diestrus, and first proestrus via altering the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone. The low level of these steroid hormones contributed to lower differentiation and maturation of follicles and it finally led to reduced ovarian reservoir of follicles and impaired follicular development. The number of atretic follicles and secondary follicles with premature cavity increased in rats that received a high dose of CdCl2, whereas the number of secondary follicles and corpora luteum decreased in the same circumstances. Taken together, these data suggest that prepubertal exposure to toxic doses of Cd delays the onset of puberty via disorderliness in the concentration of steroid hormones and reduces the ovarian reservoir of follicles, as well as folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Saedi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Genetics, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dadpasand
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sedaghati
- Department of Chemistry, Estahban Higher Education Center, Estahban, Iran
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14
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Chen T, Chen C, Wu H, Chen X, Xie R, Wang F, Sun H, Chen L. Overexpression of p53 accelerates puberty in high-fat diet-fed mice through Lin28/let-7 system. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:66-71. [PMID: 32996351 PMCID: PMC7797992 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220961320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT High-fat intake and subsequent obesity are associated with premature onset of puberty, but the exact neuroendocrine mechanisms are still unclear. The transcriptional factor p53 has been predicted to be a central hub of the gene networks controlling the pubertal onset. Besides, p53 also plays crucial roles in metabolism. Here, we explored p53 in the hypothalami of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), which showed an up-regulated expression. Besides, we also revealed that overexpressed p53 may accelerate hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis activation partially through the c-Myc/Lin28/let-7 system. These results can deepen our understanding of the interaction between metabolic regulation and puberty onset control, and may shed light on the neuroendocrine mechanisms of obesity-related central precocious puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Cailong Chen
- Office of Human Resource, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Haiying Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Linqi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
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15
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Shen Y, Zhou S, Zhao X, Li H, Sun J. Characterization of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation in Mouse Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus During Puberty Process. Front Genet 2021; 11:626536. [PMID: 33381157 PMCID: PMC7768033 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.626536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulsatile pituitary gonadotropin secretion governed by hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is essential for the pubertal onset. The epigenetic mechanism underlying the activation of GnRH-dependent regulatory axis in hypothalamus remains elusive. This study aims to explore the potential correlation between the signature of DNA (hydroxyl)methylation and pubertal process. Methods: Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) of mouse at early (4-weeks) and late pubertal (8-weeks) stages underwent RNA-, RRBS-, and RRHP-seq to investigate the genome-wide profiles of transcriptome, differential DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation. Results: A series of differential expressed genes (DEGs) involved in sexual development could be separated into three subgroups with the significant difference of DNA methylation or hydroxymethylation or both in promoter regions. Compared to DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation partook in more signaling pathways including synapse morphology, channel activity and glial development, which could enhance transsynaptic change and glia-to-neuron communication to faciliate GnRH release. The correlation between transcription and these epigenetic modifications indicated that DNA hydroxymethylation impacted with gene transcription independently of DNA methylation spanning puberty. Conclusion: Our results characterized the hydroxymethylation pattern and provided an insight into the novel epigenetic regulation on gene expression during pubertal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Shen
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Li
- Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jielin Sun
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Lu H, Zhao C, Zhu B, Zhang Z, Ge W. Loss of Inhibin Advances Follicle Activation and Female Puberty Onset but Blocks Oocyte Maturation in Zebrafish. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5921142. [PMID: 33045050 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inhibin was first characterized in mammals as a gonadal dimeric protein that inhibited pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. As in mammals, the inhibin-specific α subunit (INHA/Inha/inha) has also been characterized in teleosts; however, its functions and physiological importance in fish reproduction remain unknown. Using CRISPR/Cas9 method, we generated an inha-deficient zebrafish line and analyzed its reproductive performance. As expected, pituitary expression of fshb increased significantly in both the young and the adult inha mutant. The expression of lhb also increased in the mutant, but only in sexually mature adults. Interestingly, the expression of activin βA (inhbaa) increased significantly in both the ovary and the testis of inha mutant, and the expression of ovarian aromatase (cyp19a1a) also increased dramatically in the mutant ovary. The juvenile female mutant showed clear signs of early follicle activation or precocious puberty onset. However, the adult female mutant was infertile with follicles arrested at the full-grown stage without final oocyte maturation and ovulation. Although follicle growth was normal overall in the mutant, the size and distribution of yolk granules in oocytes were distinct and some follicles showed granulosa cell hypertrophy. In contrast to females, inha-null males showed normal spermatogenesis and fertility. As reported in mammals, we also found sporadic tumor formation in inha mutants. Taken together, our study not only confirmed some conserved roles of inhibin across vertebrates, such as inhibition of FSH biosynthesis and tumor formation, but also revealed novel aspects of inhibin functions such as disruption of folliculogenesis and female infertility but no obvious involvement in spermatogenesis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Lu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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17
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Albrethsen J, Ljubicic ML, Juul A. Longitudinal Increases in Serum Insulin-like Factor 3 and Testosterone Determined by LC-MS/MS in Pubertal Danish Boys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5882032. [PMID: 32761207 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum concentrations of the peptide hormone insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is a candidate marker for improved distinction between constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) and permanent hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) in boys. AIM To assess the possible diagnostic role of LC-MS/MS-based INSL3 measurements as a marker of imminent puberty by comparison with testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in serum longitudinally collected from 18 healthy boys throughout puberty. RESULTS The first increase in serum LH was detected on average 4 months earlier, as compared with the first observed increases in INSL3 and T. When comparing the 2 testicular hormones only, we found that in 22% (4 of 18) of the boys the first increase in serum INSL3 was observed prior to the first observed increase in T, whereas in 44% (8 of 18) the first increase in T was observed before the first observed increase in INSL3. In the remaining 6 boys, the 2 testicular hormones showed the first increase at the same examination. CONCLUSION In some boys with delayed puberty, the first indication of testicular maturation may be detectable by observing serum INSL3. Further studies of LC-MS/MS determination of serum INSL3 in patients with CDGP and HH are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Albrethsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Centre for Research and Research Training in Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Vanacker C, Trova S, Shruti S, Casoni F, Messina A, Croizier S, Malone S, Ternier G, Hanchate NK, Rasika S, Bouret SG, Ciofi P, Giacobini P, Prevot V. Neuropilin-1 expression in GnRH neurons regulates prepubertal weight gain and sexual attraction. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104633. [PMID: 32761635 PMCID: PMC7527814 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic neurons expressing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the "master molecule" regulating reproduction and fertility, migrate from their birthplace in the nose to their destination using a system of guidance cues, which include the semaphorins and their receptors, the neuropilins and plexins, among others. Here, we show that selectively deleting neuropilin-1 in new GnRH neurons enhances their survival and migration, resulting in excess neurons in the hypothalamus and in their unusual accumulation in the accessory olfactory bulb, as well as an acceleration of mature patterns of activity. In female mice, these alterations result in early prepubertal weight gain, premature attraction to male odors, and precocious puberty. Our findings suggest that rather than being influenced by peripheral energy state, GnRH neurons themselves, through neuropilin-semaphorin signaling, might engineer the timing of puberty by regulating peripheral adiposity and behavioral switches, thus acting as a bridge between the reproductive and metabolic axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Vanacker
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- FHU, 1000 Days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Sara Trova
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- FHU, 1000 Days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Sonal Shruti
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- FHU, 1000 Days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Filippo Casoni
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- FHU, 1000 Days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Andrea Messina
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- FHU, 1000 Days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Sophie Croizier
- Center for Integrative GenomicsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Samuel Malone
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- FHU, 1000 Days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Gaetan Ternier
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- FHU, 1000 Days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Naresh Kumar Hanchate
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- FHU, 1000 Days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - S Rasika
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- FHU, 1000 Days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Sebastien G Bouret
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- FHU, 1000 Days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- Inserm U1215Neurocentre MagendieBordeauxFrance
- Université de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- FHU, 1000 Days for HealthLilleFrance
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine BrainUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR‐S 1172LilleFrance
- FHU, 1000 Days for HealthLilleFrance
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19
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Erdem Guzel E, Kaya N, Tektemur A, Ulker N, Yardimci A, Akkoc RF, Canpolat S, Ozan IE. Chronic effects of maternal tobacco-smoke exposure and/or α-lipoic acid treatment on reproductive parameters in female rat offspring. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2020; 66:387-399. [PMID: 32951465 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2020.1815248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal tobacco-smoke exposure negatively affects the reproductive functions of female offspring and oxidative stress plays a major role at this point. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), well known as a biological antioxidant, has been used as a nutritional supplement and as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of certain complications during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate the effects of maternal tobacco-smoke exposure and/or ALA administration on puberty onset, sexual behavior, gonadotrophin levels, apoptosis-related genes, apoptotic cell numbers and oxidative stress markers in the adult female rat offspring. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups; control, tobacco smoke (TS), TS+ALA and ALA groups. Animals were exposed to TS and/or ALA for 8 weeks before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy. All treatments ended with birth and later newborn female rats were selected for each experimental group. The experiment ended at postnatal day 74-77. Maternal tobacco smoke advanced the onset of puberty in the female offspring of the TS group (p < 0.05). In all treatment groups; the mean number of anogenital investigations and lordosis quality scores showed a decline, serum luteinizing hormone levels significantly increased (p < 0.05) and several histopathological changes in ovaries were observed compared to the control group. In addition, an increase in apoptotic marker levels and apoptotic cell numbers was detected in the ovaries of all treatment groups. Decreased TAS and increased TOS levels were detected in all treatment groups compared to control. These findings suggested that maternal tobacco smoke and/or ALA administration may be leading to the impaired reproductive health of female offspring. Abbreviations: ALA: alpha-lipoic acid; LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; TAS: total antioxidant status; TOS: total oxidant status; Apaf1: apoptotic protease-activating factor 1; Casp3: caspase 3; Casp9: caspase 9; CF: cyst follicles; 4-HNE: 4-Hidroxynonenal; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine-biotin nick end labeling; ROS: reactive oxygen species; GnRHR: gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor; HPG: hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; cDNA: complementary DNA; qPCR: quantitative real-time PCR; FC: follicular cysts; PF: primary follicle; SF: secondary follicle; GF: graafian follicle; CL: corpus luteum; DF: degenerated follicle; AF: atretic follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Erdem Guzel
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mardin Artuklu University , Mardin, Turkey
| | - Nalan Kaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tektemur
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nazife Ulker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yardimci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Fazil Akkoc
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Enver Ozan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University , Elazig, Turkey
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20
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Anachuna KK, Ekhoye EI, Iyare C, Katchy N, Ben-Azu B, Adeniyi DB, Daubry TME, Iyare E. Altered gestational outcomes and delayed pubertal onset in prenatally and early postnatally food restricted male and female rats: mitigation by quercetin and kaempferol. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol 2020; 12:115-127. [PMID: 32934767 PMCID: PMC7486555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nutrigenomic malnutrition during pregnancy and early postnatal life has serious consequences on original organ-programing, growth pattern, puberty and quality of life. The aim of this was to investigate the effect of two notable flavonoids, quercetin and kaempferol, with nutrigenomic potentials on prenatal and early postnatal food restrictions or both on gestational outcomes and the onset of puberty in male and females Wister rats. In three sets of experiments consisting of prenatal, postnatal food deprivations or both, rats were distributed into various treatment groups (n = 6). Prenatal food restriction (PrNFR) was initiated by 50% of ad libitum available diet in pregnancy (days 1-22) simultaneously with quercetin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o./day) or kaempferol (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o./day) until delivery. However, postnatal food restriction (PsNFR) was simulated by litter-increment to 16 pups per mother from postnatal day 2 together with quercetin (50-200 mg/kg, p.o.) or kaempferol (50-200 mg/kg, p.o.) treatments until weaning (day 24) respectively. The last experiment encompasses both protocols with similar treatment protocols. Kaempferol attenuated PrNFR-induced alterations in gestational length compared to PrNFR-control. Quercetin and kaempferol significantly (P < 0.05) normalized nose-length of pups of rats exposed to PrNFR. Quercetin and kaempferol reduced the number of stillbirths due to PrNFR. Both also reduced the delay in pubertal onset as evidenced by normal onset of balanopreputial-separation and vaginal-opening in the PrNFR, PsNFR and PrNFR-PsNFR male and female rats respectively. Together, quercetin and kaempferol prevents prenatal and postnatal malnutrition-induced altered gestational outcomes and pubertal delays in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Kelechi Anachuna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Ehitare Ikehuamen Ekhoye
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Cordilia Iyare
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Nkiru Katchy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Deborah Boluwatife Adeniyi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Tarela Melish Elias Daubry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Eghosa Iyare
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
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21
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Campisi SC, Humayun KN, Rizvi A, Lou W, Söder O, Bhutta ZA. Later puberty onset among chronically undernourished adolescents living in a Karachi slum, Pakistan. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1019-1025. [PMID: 31606907 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess factors associated with the timing of puberty onset (Tanner Stage Breast 2/Genital 2) among adolescents living in an urban slum in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS Girls enrolled at 8-10 years (n = 1009) and boys 9-11 years (n = 863) were followed every 6 months from 2006 to 2010. Parametric survival analysis for interval-censored data was used to estimate median age at puberty onset and assess the association between exposures and timing of puberty onset. RESULTS The overall median age at Tanner Stage Breast 2 (AAB2) was 10.1 years (95% CI: 10.1; 10.5), and the median age at Tanner Stage Genital 2 (AAG2) was 10.1 years (95% CI: 10.1; 10.6). Stunting delayed AAB2 1 year and AAG2 about 6 months when compared to non-stunted peers. In the multivariable model, after adjusting for age at enrolment, stunting, thinness and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) were significantly associated with delayed AAB2, while stunting and anaemia were significantly associated with delayed AAG2. CONCLUSION Among adolescents living in the Karachi slum, stunting and highly prevalent anaemia delayed AAG2, while stunting, thinness and VAD delayed AAG2. Parental and household factors were not significantly associated with the timing of puberty onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Campisi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL) Center for Global Child Health Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
| | - Khadija N. Humayun
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health The Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan
| | - Arjumand Rizvi
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health The Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan
| | - Wendy Lou
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Olle Söder
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Widerströmska Huset Karolinska University Hospital Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning (PGCRL) Center for Global Child Health Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health The Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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22
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Knop J, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Joëls M, van der Veen R. Maternal care of heterozygous dopamine receptor D4 knockout mice: Differential susceptibility to early-life rearing conditions. Genes Brain Behav 2020; 19:e12655. [PMID: 32306548 PMCID: PMC7540036 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The differential susceptibility hypothesis proposes that individuals who are more susceptible to the negative effects of adverse rearing conditions may also benefit more from enriched environments. Evidence derived from human experiments suggests the lower efficacy dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) 7‐repeat as a main factor in exhibiting these for better and for worse characteristics. However, human studies lack the genetic and environmental control offered by animal experiments, complicating assessment of causal relations. To study differential susceptibility in an animal model, we exposed Drd4+/− mice and control litter mates to a limited nesting/bedding (LN), standard nesting (SN) or communal nesting (CN) rearing environment from postnatal day (P) 2‐14. Puberty onset was examined from P24 to P36 and adult females were assessed on maternal care towards their own offspring. In both males and females, LN reared mice showed a delay in puberty onset that was partly mediated by a reduction in body weight at weaning, irrespective of Drd4 genotype. During adulthood, LN reared females exhibited characteristics of poor maternal care, whereas dams reared in CN environments showed lower rates of unpredictability towards their own offspring. Differential susceptibility was observed only for licking/grooming levels of female offspring towards their litter; LN reared Drd4+/− mice exhibited the lowest and CN reared Drd4+/− mice the highest levels of licking/grooming. These results indicate that both genetic and early‐environmental factors play an important role in shaping maternal care of the offspring for better and for worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Knop
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Primary Care Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Marian Joëls
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rixt van der Veen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Li X, Xiao J, Fan Y, Yang K, Li K, Wang X, Lu Y, Zhou Y. miR-29 family regulates the puberty onset mediated by a novel Gnrh1 transcription factor TBX21. J Endocrinol 2019; 242:185-197. [PMID: 31252405 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the ultimate signal by which the neuroendocrine system controls the puberty onset and fertility in mammals. The pulsatile release of GnRH is regulated by numerous extracellular and intracellular factors, including miRNAs. Here, we report a novel regulation mechanism mediated by miR-29 family. We found that the absence of miR-29s resulted in elevated expression of Gnrh1 in GT1-7 cells. Through in silico and wet analysis, we identified Tbx21, a target gene of miR-29, as the main effector. As a transcription activator, TBX21 stimulates the expression of Gnrh1 directly by binding to its promoter region, and indirectly by activating the expression of Dlx1, another transcription activator of Gnrh1. Stereotactic brain infusion of miR-29 inhibitor into the hypothalamus caused earlier puberty onset in prepubertal female mice than that of intact controls. The female mice with ectopic expression of Tbx21 in the hypothalamus were affected in both puberty onset and fertility, as they had higher level of serum LH and FSH, larger litter size but steeper decline of fertility compared with those of controls. Our results revealed that miR-29-3p and its target Tbx21 played a role in regulating the mammalian puberty onset and reproduction by modulating the Gnrh1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yating Fan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxun Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Pflüger LS, Pink KE, Böck A, Huffman MA, Wallner B. On the sunny side of (new) life: Effect of sunshine duration on age at first reproduction in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23019. [PMID: 31243793 PMCID: PMC6773204 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To produce offspring early in life is energetically demanding and depends greatly on environmental conditions. In female primates, age at first reproduction (AFR) has been associated with social parameters (e.g., population density and social rank), food availability and meteorological conditions (e.g., photoperiod, rainfall patterns, and temperature). Regarding the latter, less attention has been given to the influence of sunshine. In nonhuman primates, including the northern‐most distributed Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), sunbathing is an effective thermoregulatory strategy to maintain sufficient energy intake during harsh winter months. Furthermore, the energetic value of sunshine and its role in the synthesis of essential vitamins important for sexual development and overall fertility is well investigated using human and animal models. In the present study, we hypothesized that female's AFR is influenced by the amount of sunshine in a semi‐free‐ranging, provisioned a group of Japanese macaques. To test this, we gathered data on sunshine duration in the year females theoretically experienced the onset of puberty. This phase of the female life cycle is particularly prone to the effects of environmental conditions. In addition to the investigation of sunshine duration and other meteorological conditions (i.e., rainfall and temperature) we controlled for social parameters (i.e., group size and sex ratio) as potential covariates. We found a clear effect of sunshine duration on female AFR: Females who entered puberty in years with more sunshine reproduced for the first time at significantly younger ages than females who experienced less sunshine during this specific period of their development. Possible mechanisms for how the sunshine influences sexual maturation in Japanese macaques are discussed. We investigated the influence of sunshine during the year of puberty onset on a female's age at first reproduction (AFR).
We used 20 years of birth data from a semi‐free‐ranging group of Japanese macaques and meteorological data provided online by local weather stations
We controlled for the influence of other meteorological conditions as well as for group size and socionomic sex ratio
Higher mean sunshine duration in the year of puberty onset significantly decreased females’ AFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena S Pflüger
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Research Center for Primatology, Ossiach, Austria.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina E Pink
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Family and Population Studies, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Böck
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Huffman
- Austrian Research Center for Primatology, Ossiach, Austria.,Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Bernard Wallner
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Research Center for Primatology, Ossiach, Austria
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25
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Zhang P, Cao M, Li J, Lin Y, Fang Z, Che L, Feng B, Zhuo Y, Wang J, Wu, Xu S. Effect of Sweet Potato Vine on the Onset of Puberty and Follicle Development in Chinese Meishan Gilts. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E297. [PMID: 31151241 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sweet potato vine on the onset of puberty and the follicular development in the ovaries of Chinese Meishan gilts. A total of 20 Meishan gilts (initial body weight at 30 ± 0.18 kg) were randomly fed a control (CON) or sweet potato vine (SPV) supplemented diet until 19 days following the third estrous. Sweet potato vine was instead of part of basal diet with the same amount of energy and protein in the sweet potato vine group. The results indicate that gilts fed with sweet potato vine reached puberty 9.4 days later. The development of ovaries was enhanced by sweet potato vine supplementation, characterized by an increase (p < 0.05) in the relative weight of the ovaries and the number of large follicles (>5 mm). Sweet potato vine supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and reduced (p < 0.05) the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of the gilts. Also, the expression of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) mRNA in the granulosa cells from the large follicle (>5 mm) of gilts in the SPV group were increased (p < 0.05) as compared with the CON group. These results indicate that gilts fed with sweet potato vine exhibited delayed puberty as well as improved follicular development, which may contribute to the reproductive performance of Chinese Meishan gilts.
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Moulla F, El-Bouyahiaoui R, Nazih R, Abdelaziz N, Zerrouki N, Iguer-Ouada M. Characterization of the onset of puberty in Tazegzawt lambs, an endangered Algerian sheep: Body weight, thoracic perimeter, testicular growth, and seminal parameters. Vet World 2018; 11:889-894. [PMID: 30147255 PMCID: PMC6097556 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.889-894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to define the onset of puberty in Tazegzawt ram lambs, an Algerian sheep breed in endangered status with a small population in its local area. Materials and Methods: Body growth (body weight and thoracic perimeter), scrotal circumference (SC), penis development stages, and seminal parameters (volume, concentration, and motility) were measured. Data were recorded at fortnightly intervals in 10 animals from 9 to 49 weeks of age. Results: On the basis of seminal analyses, puberty occurred between 29 and 45 weeks of age. At 29 weeks of age, 30% of lambs reached puberty, and at 45 weeks of age, puberty was observed in 100% of the analyzed animals. Body weight appeared as the most determinant factor, and the onset of puberty was observed when animals reached 43.2±6.4 kg body weight with 25.8±3.7 cm of SC. Seminal analyses revealed that all parameters increased regularly from puberty onset except for sperm concentration. The mean semen volume during the study period was 0.48±0.33 mL with 0.84±0.6 mL at 37 weeks of age. Sperm concentration evolved similarly as semen volume; at 29 and 43 weeks of age, the sperm concentration was 942×106 and 1904×106 spermatozoa/mL, respectively. Kinematic parameters including the percentage of motility, the percentage of progressive motility, and gametes velocities as determined by Computer-Aided Sperm Analyzer showed the highest values at 49 weeks of age. Conclusion: The current results revealed that, in Tazegzawt ram lambs, puberty occurs between 29 and 45 weeks when animals reach 43.2±4.6 kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Moulla
- National Institute for Agronomic Research of Algeria (INRAA), 02, Av. Frères Ouaddek, BP, 200, El Harrach, Alger, Algeria.,Department of Agronomic, Faculty of Biologic and Agronomic Sciences, University Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-ouzou, Tizi-ouzou, Algeria
| | - Rachid El-Bouyahiaoui
- National Institute for Agronomic Research of Algeria (INRAA), 02, Av. Frères Ouaddek, BP, 200, El Harrach, Alger, Algeria
| | - Rebouh Nazih
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia, Russia
| | - Norezzine Abdelaziz
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia, Russia
| | - Nacera Zerrouki
- Department of Agronomic, Faculty of Biologic and Agronomic Sciences, University Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi-ouzou, Tizi-ouzou, Algeria
| | - Mokrane Iguer-Ouada
- Laboratoire Associé en Ecosystèmes Marins et Aquacoles, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Béjaia, Algérie
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27
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Bohlen TM, Silveira MA, Buonfiglio DDC, Ferreira-Neto HC, Cipolla-Neto J, Donato J, Frazao R. A Short-Day Photoperiod Delays the Timing of Puberty in Female Mice via Changes in the Kisspeptin System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:44. [PMID: 29515520 PMCID: PMC5826198 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproduction of seasonal breeders is modulated by exposure to light in an interval of 24 h defined as photoperiod. The interruption of reproductive functions in seasonally breeding rodents is accompanied by the suppression of the Kiss1 gene expression, which is known to be essential for reproduction. In non-seasonal male rodents, such as rats and mice, short-day photoperiod (SP) conditions or exogenous melatonin treatment also have anti-gonadotropic effects; however, whether photoperiod is able to modulate the puberty onset or Kiss1 gene expression in mice is unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether photoperiodism influences the sexual maturation of female mice via changes in the kisspeptin system. We observed that SP condition delayed the timing of puberty in female mice, decreased the hypothalamic expression of genes related to the reproductive axis and reduced the number of Kiss1-expressing neurons in the rostral hypothalamus. However, SP also reduced the body weight gain during development and affected the expression of neuropeptides involved in the energy balance regulation. When body weight was recovered via a reduction in litter size, the timing of puberty in mice born and raised in SP was advanced and the effects in hypothalamic mRNA expression were reverted. These results suggest that the SP delays the timing of puberty in female mice via changes in the kisspeptin system, although the effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are likely secondary to changes in body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabata Mariz Bohlen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Augusto Silveira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniella do Carmo Buonfiglio
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Frazao
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Renata Frazao,
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Reinehr T, Bosse C, Lass N, Rothermel J, Knop C, Roth CL. Effect of Weight Loss on Puberty Onset in Overweight Children. J Pediatr 2017; 184:143-150.e1. [PMID: 28238482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of weight changes on the onset of puberty in overweight children. STUDY DESIGN We evaluated the timing of puberty onset in 160 prepubertal overweight children (aged 11.2 ± 1.0 years) depending on the changes of their weight status in a 1-year lifestyle intervention. We determined body mass index (BMI), pubertal stage, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, insulin resistance index homeostatic model assessment, and serum gonadotropins at baseline and 1 year later. RESULTS Puberty onset during the 1-year follow-up was significantly (P = .014) more frequent in girls without BMI-SDS reduction (75.0%) compared with girls with BMI-SDS reduction (45.7%). The start of puberty was significantly (P = .024) more frequent in boys with BMI-SDS reduction (76.9%) compared with boys without BMI-SDS reduction (53.6%). In logistic regression analyses adjusted for baseline age and BMI-SDS, BMI-SDS reduction was associated with a decreased likelihood for puberty onset in girls (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.07-0.85) and an increased likelihood in boys (OR 3.77; 95% CI 1.34-10.52). Central onset of puberty was confirmed by an increase of LH concentration and LH/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio in both boys and girls. Homeostatic model assessment, IGF-1, and IGF-1/insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 ratio as marker for free IGF-1 at baseline or their changes were not associated with the onset of puberty. CONCLUSIONS BMI-SDS reduction in overweight children was associated with earlier gonadotropin-dependent onset of puberty in boys and later onset of puberty in girls, suggesting earlier puberty in obese girls and later puberty in obese boys. We found no evidence that insulin resistance or IGF-1 have an impact on the start of puberty in obese children. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00435734.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reinehr
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.
| | - Christina Bosse
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Nina Lass
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Juliane Rothermel
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Caroline Knop
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Christian Ludwig Roth
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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29
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Jensen TK, Finne KF, Skakkebæk NE, Andersson AM, Olesen IA, Joensen UN, Bang AK, Nordkap L, Priskorn L, Krause M, Jørgensen N, Juul A. Self-reported onset of puberty and subsequent semen quality and reproductive hormones in healthy young men. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1886-94. [PMID: 27270973 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between pubertal onset and subsequent reproductive health in young men? SUMMARY ANSWER Self-reported later onset of puberty was associated with reduced semen quality and altered serum levels of reproductive hormones among 1068 healthy, young Danish men. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The long-term effects of variations in the onset of male puberty on subsequent reproduction remain largely unstudied. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In a cross-sectional study, young healthy Danish men were approached when they attended a compulsory medical examination to determine their fitness for military service from 2008 to 2012. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS A total of 1068 healthy, young Danish men (mean age 19 years) participated. They were asked to assess whether onset of penile and testicular growth, development of pubic hair and voice break occurred earlier, at the same time as or later than their peers. Their semen quality (semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count and percentages of motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa) and serum concentrations of sex hormones (LH, FSH, total testosterone, SHBG, inhibin B) and testicular size were determined. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The response rate was 29%. Of the 1068 men who then participated, 652 answered the questions about penile growth and pubic hair development and were therefore included in the analysis. Self-reported later onset of puberty was associated with a 25% reduction in sperm concentration (95% CI -41%; -4%), a 40% reduction in total sperm count (-55%; -21%), a 1.6% age point reduction in morphological normal spermatozoa (-2.9; -0.3) and a 1.6 ml reduction in testicular size (-2.4 and -0.8 ml), after adjustment for confounders. Self-reported later onset of puberty was also associated with a 9% (3%; 15%) reduction in free testosterone and a 16% (2%; 31%) increase in FSH, after adjustment for confounders. LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION Our study was cross-sectional and reverse causality cannot be ruled out. In addition, we cannot rule out the possibility that the men with late puberty onset had not yet fully matured although most were in Tanner stage 5. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Approximately 15% of young Danish men have self-reported later onset of puberty than their peers. We found poorer testicular function in young men with a history of later pubertal development, suggesting that timing of pubertal onset may be a fundamental marker of male reproductive health. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that these men had not fully matured at the time of examination and therefore their semen quality may yet improve, which makes follow-up important. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by the Danish Council for Strategic Research, Program Commission on Health, Food and Welfare (project number 2101-08-0058), Rigshospitalet (grants 961506336 and R42-A1326), European Union, DEER (grant agreement no 212844), the Danish Ministry of Health and the Danish Environmental Protection Agency and Kirsten and Freddy Johansens Foundation (grant 95-103-72087). There are no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Katrine Folmann Finne
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels E Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Ahlmann Olesen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Nordström Joensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Kirstine Bang
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Loa Nordkap
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lærke Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianna Krause
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Kisspeptin (KISS1) and its receptor (KISS1R) are important regulators of the reproductive function, along with gonadoliberin (GnRH), gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)), and sex steroid hormones. Mutations of their genes alter sexual maturation. The p.P74S, p.H90D, and p.P110T missense mutations of KISS1 are associated with central precocious puberty (CPP); and the p.G35S, p.C53R, and p.F117L mutations, with delayed puberty and isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). The p.P196H and p.R386P mutations of KISS1R are also associated with CPP. However, a greater number of KISS1R mutations are associated with IHH, as is the case with p.L102P, p.L148S, p.E232Q, p.R297L, p.Y313H, pX399R, and more complex mutations, such as the 155-bp deletion that removes the acceptor splice site of intron 4 and part of exon 5, a deletion of the GCA triplet in position-2 ...-4 of intron 2, and an ACCGGCT insertion in the same site. The heterozygous compound mutations p.C223R/p.R297L and p.R331X/X399R and the 1-bp insertion 1001_1002insC of KISS1R are similarly associated with IHH. Leptin-dependent activation of KISS1 in hypothalamic neurons was observed in mice and sheep, being especially evident after puberty. Leptin exerts a permissive effect in regulating fertility and facilitate the induction of puberty by hypothalamic KISS1 and GnRH and pituitary LH and FSH, which support the reproductive function during further life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A Pankov
- Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115778, Russia.,
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Yang R, Wang YM, Zhang LS, Zhang L, Zhao ZM, Zhao J, Peng SQ. Delay of the onset of puberty in female rats by prepubertal exposure to T-2 toxin. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4668-83. [PMID: 26569305 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7114668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has revealed the deleterious influence of environmental and food contaminants on puberty onset and development in both animals and children, provoking an increasing health concern. T-2 toxin, a naturally-produced Type A trichothecene mycotoxin which is frequently found in cereal grains and products intended for human and animal consumption, has been shown to impair the reproduction and development in animals. Nevertheless, whether this trichothecene mycotoxin can disturb the onset of puberty in females remains unclear. To clarify this point, infantile female rats were given a daily intragastric administration of vehicle or 187.5 μg/kg body weight of T-2 toxin for five consecutive days from postnatal day 15 to 19, and the effects on puberty onset were evaluated in the present study. The results revealed that the days of vaginal opening, first dioestrus, and first estrus in regular estrous cycle were delayed following prepubertal exposure to T-2 toxin. The relative weights of reproductive organs uterus, ovaries, and vagina, and the incidence of corpora lutea were all diminished in T-2 toxin-treated rats. Serum levels of gonadotropins luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol were also reduced by T-2 toxin treatment. The mRNA expressions of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and pituitary GnRH receptor displayed significant reductions following exposure to T-2 toxin, which were consistent with the changes of serum gonadotropins, delayed reproductive organ development, and delayed vaginal opening. In conclusion, the present study reveals that prepubertal exposure to T-2 toxin delays the onset of puberty in immature female rats, probably by the mechanism of disturbance of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function. Considering the vulnerability of developmental children to food contaminants and the relative high level of dietary intake of T-2 toxin in children, we think the findings of the present study provide valuable information for the health risk assessment in children.
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Dela Cruz C, Pereira OCM. Prenatal testosterone supplementation alters puberty onset, aggressive behavior, and partner preference in adult male rats. J Physiol Sci 2012; 62:123-31. [PMID: 22234789 PMCID: PMC10718014 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-011-0190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether prenatal exposure to testosterone (T) could change the body weight (BW), anogenital distance (AGD), anogenital distance index (AGDI), puberty onset, social behavior, fertility, sexual behavior, sexual preference, and T level of male rats in adulthood. To test this hypothesis, pregnant rats received either 1 mg/animal of T propionate diluted in 0.1 ml peanut oil or 0.1 ml peanut oil, as control, on the 17th, 18th and 19th gestational days. No alterations in BW, AGD, AGDI, fertility, and sexual behavior were observed (p > 0.05). Delayed onset of puberty (p < 0.0001), increased aggressive behavior (p > 0.05), altered pattern of sexual preference (p < 0.05), and reduced T plasma level (p < 0.05) were observed for adult male rats exposed prenatally to T. In conclusion, the results showed that prenatal exposure to T was able to alter important aspects of sexual and social behavior although these animals were efficient at producing descendants. In this sense more studies should be carried to evaluated the real impact of this hormonal alteration on critical period of sexual differentiation on humans, because pregnant women exposed to hyperandrogenemia and then potentially exposing their unborn children to elevated androgen levels in the uterus can undergo alteration of normal levels of T during the sexual differentiation period, and, as a consequence, affect the reproductive and behavior patterns of their children in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Dela Cruz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Sandhu SP, Kakar V, Gogia G, Narula SC. Unilateral gingival fibromatosis with localized aggressive periodontitis (involving first molars): An unusual case report. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011; 13:109-13. [PMID: 20407661 PMCID: PMC2847124 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.55834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An atypical and rare case report is presented here of a 16 years old female patient who presented with severe, unilateral, gingival enlargement along with aggressive periodontitis around first molars that was confined to the left side of her mouth. A careful recording of the case history and results of clinical examination, laboratory blood analysis, radiological findings, and microbiological and histopathological investigations were noted and a critical review of similar conditions was taken into account to arrive at the said diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharn Pal Sandhu
- Professor and Head, Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, S.G.T. Dental College, Budhera, Gurgaon
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Al Alwan I, Felimban N, Altwaijri Y, Tamim H, Al Mutair A, Shoukri M, Tamimi W. Puberty onset among boys in riyadh, saudi arabia. Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2010; 4:19-24. [PMID: 23761992 PMCID: PMC3666985 DOI: 10.4137/cmped.s4610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: The ages of onset of pubertal characteristics are influenced by genetic, geographic, dietary and socioeconomic factors; however, due to lack of country-specific norms, clinicians in Saudi Arabia use Western estimates as standards of reference for local children. Aims: The aim of the Riyadh Puberty Study was to provide data on pubertal development to determine the average age of onset of pubertal characteristics among Saudi boys. Methods: Cross-sectional study among male school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in 2006, 542 schoolboys, aged 6 to 16 years old, from diverse socioeconomic levels were selected into the sample using a cluster sample design. Tanner stages were ascertained during physical examination by pediatric endocrine consultants, and also trained pediatric residents and fellows. Results: The mean age (standard deviation) at Tanner Stages 2, 3, 4, and 5 for pubic hair development of Saudi boys was 11.4 (1.6), 13.3 (1.3), 14.4 (1.0) and 15.1 (0.8) years old, respectively. For gonadal development, the mean age (standard deviation) at stages 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 11.4 (1.5), 13.3 (1.2), 14.3 (1.1) and 15.0 (0.9) years old, respectively. Conclusion: The ages of onset of pubertal characteristics, based on gonadal development, among Saudi boys are comparable to those reported in Western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Al Alwan
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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