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Misheva M, Kotzamanis K, Davies LC, Tyrrell VJ, Rodrigues PRS, Benavides GA, Hinz C, Murphy RC, Kennedy P, Taylor PR, Rosas M, Jones SA, McLaren JE, Deshpande S, Andrews R, Schebb NH, Czubala MA, Gurney M, Aldrovandi M, Meckelmann SW, Ghazal P, Darley-Usmar V, White DA, O'Donnell VB. Oxylipin metabolism is controlled by mitochondrial β-oxidation during bacterial inflammation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:139. [PMID: 35013270 PMCID: PMC8748967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are potent biological mediators requiring strict control, but how they are removed en masse during infection and inflammation is unknown. Here we show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dynamically enhances oxylipin removal via mitochondrial β-oxidation. Specifically, genetic or pharmacological targeting of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1), a mitochondrial importer of fatty acids, reveal that many oxylipins are removed by this protein during inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Using stable isotope-tracing lipidomics, we find secretion-reuptake recycling for 12-HETE and its intermediate metabolites. Meanwhile, oxylipin β-oxidation is uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation, thus not contributing to energy generation. Testing for genetic control checkpoints, transcriptional interrogation of human neonatal sepsis finds upregulation of many genes involved in mitochondrial removal of long-chain fatty acyls, such as ACSL1,3,4, ACADVL, CPT1B, CPT2 and HADHB. Also, ACSL1/Acsl1 upregulation is consistently observed following the treatment of human/murine macrophages with LPS and IFN-γ. Last, dampening oxylipin levels by β-oxidation is suggested to impact on their regulation of leukocyte functions. In summary, we propose mitochondrial β-oxidation as a regulatory metabolic checkpoint for oxylipins during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Misheva
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Konstantinos Kotzamanis
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Luke C Davies
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Victoria J Tyrrell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Patricia R S Rodrigues
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Christine Hinz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Paul Kennedy
- Cayman Chemical, 1180 E Ellsworth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marcela Rosas
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon A Jones
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sumukh Deshpande
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert Andrews
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gausstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Magdalena A Czubala
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark Gurney
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Daniel A White
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK.
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Tan Z, Zou Y, Zhu M, Luo Z, Wu T, Zheng C, Xie A, Wang H, Fang S, Liu S, Li Y, Lu Z. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A is a novel diagnostic and predictive biomarker for breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:409. [PMID: 33858374 PMCID: PMC8048260 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A), the key regulator of fatty acid oxidation, contributes to tumor metastasis and therapeutic resistance. We aimed to identify its clinical significance as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prediction of breast cancer. METHODS Western blot, ELISA and in silico analysis were used to confirm CPT1A levels in breast cancer cell lines, cell culture medium and breast cancer tissues. Four hundred thirty breast cancer patients, 200 patients with benign breast disease, and 400 healthy controls were enrolled and randomly divided into a training set and a test set with a 7:3 ratio. Training set was used to build diagnostic models and 10-fold cross validation was used to demonstrate the performance of the models. Then test set was aimed to validate the effectiveness of the diagnostic models. ELISA was conducted to detect individual serum CPT1A levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated, and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of CPT1A as a biomarker in breast cancer diagnosis. CPT1A levels between post-operative and pre-operative samples were also compared. RESULTS CPT1A was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues, cell lines and cell culture medium. Serum CPT1A levels were higher in breast cancer patients than in controls and were significantly associated with metastasis, TNM stage, histological grading and molecular subtype. CPT1A levels were decreased in post-operative samples compared with paired pre-operative samples. Moreover, CPT1A exhibited a higher efficacy in differentiating breast cancer patients from healthy controls (training set: area under the curve, AUC, 0.892, 95% CI, 0.872-0.920; test set, AUC, 0.904, 95% CI, 0.869-0.939) than did CA15-3, CEA, or CA125. CONCLUSION CPT1A is overexpressed in breast cancer and can be secreted out of breast cancer cell. Serum CPT1A is positively associated with breast cancer progression and could serve as an indicator for disease monitoring. Serum CPT1A displayed a remarkably high diagnostic efficiency for breast cancer and could be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqiong Tan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China.
| | - Yaru Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wusong Central Hospital, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200940, China
| | - Man Zhu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenzhao Luo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Tangwei Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Aqing Xie
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Shiqiang Fang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Shuiyi Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
- Cancer Research Institute of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhongxin Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China.
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Elizondo G, Matern D, Vockley J, Harding CO, Gillingham MB. Effects of fasting, feeding and exercise on plasma acylcarnitines among subjects with CPT2D, VLCADD and LCHADD/TFPD. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:90-97. [PMID: 32928639 PMCID: PMC8048763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plasma acylcarnitine profile is frequently used as a biochemical assessment for follow-up in diagnosed patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs). Disease specific acylcarnitine species are elevated during metabolic decompensation but there is clinical and biochemical heterogeneity among patients and limited data on the utility of an acylcarnitine profile for routine clinical monitoring. METHODS We evaluated plasma acylcarnitine profiles from 30 diagnosed patients with long-chain FAODs (carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2 (CPT2), very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), and long-chain 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase or mitochondrial trifunctional protein (LCHAD/TFP) deficiencies) collected after an overnight fast, after feeding a controlled low-fat diet, and before and after moderate exercise. Our purpose was to describe the variability in this biomarker and how various physiologic states effect the acylcarnitine concentrations in circulation. RESULTS Disease specific acylcarnitine species were higher after an overnight fast and decreased by approximately 60% two hours after a controlled breakfast meal. Moderate-intensity exercise increased the acylcarnitine species but it varied by diagnosis. When analyzed for a genotype/phenotype correlation, the presence of the common LCHADD mutation (c.1528G > C) was associated with higher levels of 3-hydroxyacylcarnitines than in patients with other mutations. CONCLUSIONS We found that feeding consistently suppressed and that moderate intensity exercise increased disease specific acylcarnitine species, but the response to exercise was highly variable across subjects and diagnoses. The clinical utility of routine plasma acylcarnitine analysis for outpatient treatment monitoring remains questionable; however, if acylcarnitine profiles are measured in the clinical setting, standardized procedures are required for sample collection to be of value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Elizondo
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Dietrich Matern
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Center for Rare Disease Therapy, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Cary O Harding
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Melanie B Gillingham
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America; Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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Shao L, Liu C, Xu L, Yu R, Li Y, Chen M, He Q. Repeated and progressive rhabdomyolysis due to a novel carnitine palmitoyltransferase II gene variant in an adult male: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18143. [PMID: 31770251 PMCID: PMC6890328 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The occurrence of repeated and progressive rhabdomyolysis is rare in clinical settings, particularly in adults. The pathogenesis of rhabdomyolysis is often overlooked due to its rapid recovery. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) II deficiency could be a rare etiology of repetitive nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis, and several mutations of CPT II have been reported. PATIENT CONCERNS A 41-year-old man presented with high fever, general malaise, myalgia, dyspnea, and dark-colored urine, and then progressed to anuria. In the past 15 years, he experienced dark-colored urine twice due to exercise and high fever. Physical examination revealed oliguria, suppurated tonsils, poor hemoglobin saturation, alert consciousness, normal neurological signs and reflexes, hypertension, and tachypnea. Laboratory investigations showed positive test results for inflammation, high serum myogenic enzyme levels, and evidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). DIAGNOSES Investigations revealed an extremely high serum myogenic enzyme levels and impaired renal function with serum creatinine level of 510 μmol/L, consistent with the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis, AKI stage 3, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. High levels of acylcarnitine in the serum confirmed the diagnosis of CPT II deficiency. In addition, whole exome sequencing (WES) was conducted in the patient and his mother. INTERVENTIONS Intubation, ventilator support, and hemodialysis were the major therapeutic interventions at the peak of disease progression. He was then administered valsartan tablets at a dosage of 80 mg per day and L-carnitine supplements. OUTCOMES WES conducted in the patient and his mother revealed 2 novel mutations of CPT II (c.482G>A and c.1493G>T) in this patient. The patient recovered from the severe AKI but the renal function remained impaired at chronic kidney disease stage 3a. CONCLUSION Thus, gene examination can help to understand the etiology of repetitive nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis. Accurate diagnosis can be beneficial for providing an individualized treatment for patients with repeated and progressive rhabdomyolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
- People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou
| | - Chunya Liu
- Jiangshan County People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Xu
- Jiangshan County People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Rizhen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
- People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
- People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou
| | - Maosheng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
- People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital
- People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou
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Chacińska M, Zabielski P, Książek M, Szałaj P, Jarząbek K, Kojta I, Chabowski A, Błachnio-Zabielska AU. The Impact of OMEGA-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Content of Adipocytokines and Biologically Active Lipids in Adipose Tissue of High-Fat Diet Fed Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040835. [PMID: 31013835 PMCID: PMC6520951 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may improve lipid and glucose homeostasis and prevent the "low-grade" state of inflammation in animals. Little is known about the effect of PUFAs on adipocytokines expression and biologically active lipids accumulation under the influence of high-fat diet-induced obesity. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of fish oil supplementation on adipocytokines expression and ceramide (Cer) and diacylglycerols (DAG) content in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of high-fat fed animals. The experiments were carried out on Wistar rats divided into three groups: standard diet-control (SD), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet + fish oil (HFD+FO). The fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were examined. Expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) protein was determined using the Western blot method. Plasma adipocytokines concentration was measured using ELISA kits and mRNA expression was determined by qRT-PCR reaction. Cer, DAG, and acyl-carnitine (A-CAR) content was analyzed by UHPLC/MS/MS. The fish oil supplementation significantly decreased plasma insulin concentration and Homeostatic Model Assesment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index and reduced content of adipose tissue biologically active lipids in comparison with HFD-fed subjects. The expression of CPT1 protein in HFD+FO in both adipose tissues was elevated, whereas the content of A-CAR was lower in both HFD groups. There was an increase of adiponectin concentration and expression in HFD+FO as compared to HFD group. OMEGA-3 fatty acids supplementation improved insulin sensitivity and decreased content of Cer and DAG in both fat depots. Our results also demonstrate that PUFAs may prevent the development of insulin resistance in response to high-fat feeding and may regulate the expression and secretion of adipocytokines in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Chacińska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Monika Książek
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Szałaj
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
- BioStat, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Stefana Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Jarząbek
- Department of Reproduction and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Iwona Kojta
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Urszula Błachnio-Zabielska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland.
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Motlagh Scholle L, Lehmann D, Joshi PR, Zierz S. Normal FGF-21-Serum Levels in Patients with Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061400. [PMID: 30897730 PMCID: PMC6471933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is known to be a biomarker for mitochondrial disorders. An upregulation of FGF-21 in serum and muscle of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) knock-out mice has been reported. In human CPT II deficiency, enzyme activity and protein content are normal, but the enzyme is abnormally regulated by malonyl-CoA and is abnormally thermolabile. Citrate synthase (CS) activity is increased in patients with CPT II deficiency. This may indicate a compensatory response to an impaired function of CPT II. In this study, FGF-21 serum levels in patients with CPT II deficiency during attack free intervals and in healthy controls were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data showed no significant difference between FGF-21 concentration in the serum of patients with CPT II deficiency and that in the healthy controls. The results of the present work support the hypothesis that in muscle CPT II deficiency, in contrast to the mouse knockout model, mitochondrial fatty acid utilization is not persistently reduced. Thus, FGF-21 does not seem to be a useful biomarker in the diagnosis of CPT II deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Motlagh Scholle
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Diana Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Pushpa Raj Joshi
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Stephan Zierz
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Fontaine M, Kim I, Dessein AF, Mention-Mulliez K, Dobbelaere D, Douillard C, Sole G, Schiff M, Jaussaud R, Espil-Taris C, Boutron A, Wuyts W, Acquaviva C, Vianey-Saban C, Roland D, Joncquel-Chevalier Curt M, Vamecq J. Fluxomic assay-assisted diagnosis orientation in a cohort of 11 patients with myopathic form of CPT2 deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 123:441-448. [PMID: 29478820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase type 2 (CPT2) deficiency, a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorder (MFAOD), is a cause of myopathy in its late clinical presentation. As for other MFAODs, its diagnosis may be evocated when blood acylcarnitine profile is abnormal. However, a lack of abnormalities or specificity in this profile is not exclusive of CPT2 deficiency. Our retrospective study reports clinical and biological data in a cohort of 11 patients with circulating acylcarnitine profile unconclusive enough for a specific diagnosis orientation. In these patients, CPT2 gene studies was prompted by prior fluxomic explorations of mitochondrial β-oxidation on intact whole blood cells incubated with pentadeuterated ([16-2H3, 15-2H2])-palmitate. Clinical indication for fluxomic explorations was at least one acute rhabdomyolysis episode complicated, in 5 of 11 patients, by acute renal failure. Major trigger of rhabdomyolysis was febrile infection. In all patients, fluxomic data indicated deficient CPT2 function showing normal deuterated palmitoylcarnitine (C16-Cn) formation rates associated with increased ratios between generated C16-Cn and downstream deuterated metabolites (Σ deuterated C2-Cn to C14-Cn). Subsequent gene studies showed in all patients pathogenic gene variants in either homozygous or compound heterozygous forms. Consistent with literature data, allelic frequency of the c.338C > T[p.Ser113Leu] mutation amounted to 68.2% in our cohort. Other missense mutations included c.149C > A[p.Pro50His] (9%), c.200C > G[p.Ala200Gly] (4.5%) and previously unreported c.1171A > G[p.ser391Gly] (4.5%) and c.1420G > C[p.Ala474Pro] (4.5%) mutations. Frameshift c.1666-1667delTT[p.Leu556val*16] mutation (9%) was observed in two patients unknown to be related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Fontaine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Metabolism-Nutrition, Oncology, Biology Pathology Center, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, RADEME - Maladies RAres du Développement et du Métabolisme: du phénotype au génotype et à la Fonction, Lille, EA 7364, France
| | - Isabelle Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Metabolism-Nutrition, Oncology, Biology Pathology Center, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Anne-Frédérique Dessein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Metabolism-Nutrition, Oncology, Biology Pathology Center, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Karine Mention-Mulliez
- Univ. Lille, RADEME - Maladies RAres du Développement et du Métabolisme: du phénotype au génotype et à la Fonction, Lille, EA 7364, France; Medical Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Dries Dobbelaere
- Univ. Lille, RADEME - Maladies RAres du Développement et du Métabolisme: du phénotype au génotype et à la Fonction, Lille, EA 7364, France; Medical Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Claire Douillard
- Medical Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Guilhem Sole
- Centre de référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Pellegrin CHU de Bordeaux, place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Manuel Schiff
- Neurologie pédiatrique et maladies métaboliques, (C. Farnoux) - Pôle de pédiatrie médicale CHU, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Roland Jaussaud
- Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique Bâtiment Philippe Canton. Hôpitaux de Brabois Rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Espil-Taris
- Neuropédiatrie Hôpital des enfants, Hôpital Pellegrin, Centre de référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, CHU de Bordeaux Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Audrey Boutron
- Biochemistry Department, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Wim Wuyts
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Cécile Acquaviva
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Neonatal Screening, Center of Biology and Pathology, CHU Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Christine Vianey-Saban
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Neonatal Screening, Center of Biology and Pathology, CHU Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Dominique Roland
- Centre Agréé des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, 25, Avenue Georges Lemaître, 6041 Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marie Joncquel-Chevalier Curt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Metabolism-Nutrition, Oncology, Biology Pathology Center, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, RADEME - Maladies RAres du Développement et du Métabolisme: du phénotype au génotype et à la Fonction, Lille, EA 7364, France
| | - Joseph Vamecq
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Metabolism-Nutrition, Oncology, Biology Pathology Center, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, RADEME - Maladies RAres du Développement et du Métabolisme: du phénotype au génotype et à la Fonction, Lille, EA 7364, France; Inserm, Lille, France.
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8
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Liu J, Peng CX, Gao B, Gong JS. Serum metabolomics analysis of rat after intragastric infusion of Pu-erh theabrownin. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:3708-3716. [PMID: 26676261 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to study the effects of Pu-erh theabrownin (TB) (Mw > 50 kDa) on the metabolism of rat serum by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics and identify candidate marker metabolites associated with Pu-erh TB, and thus provide fundamental information for a better understanding of the metabolism of Pu-erh tea in animals. RESULTS TB infusion induced different changes in endogenous serum metabolites depending on the type of diet. Compared with the control group, the TB infusion group showed significantly reduced serum glycine and choline levels, as well as significantly increased taurine, carnitine and high-density lipoprotein (all P < 0.05). Compared with the high-lipid group, the high-lipid TB infusion group exhibited significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein and acetate levels, as well as significantly increased inositol, carnitine and glycine levels (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Examination of the variations of these differential expressed metabolites and their individual functions revealed that the TB extract accelerated lipid catabolism in rats and might affect glucose metabolism. Of these, carnitine level significantly increased after intragastric infusion of TB regardless of the type of diet, and activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferases I and II changed significantly, suggesting carnitine may be a candidate serum marker for tracking the metabolism of TB in rats. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Chun-Xiu Peng
- Horticultural Department, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Jia-Shun Gong
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
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9
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Shima A, Yasuno T, Yamada K, Yamaguchi M, Kohno R, Yamaguchi S, Kido H, Fukuda H. First Japanese Case of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II Deficiency with the Homozygous Point Mutation S113L. Intern Med 2016; 55:2659-61. [PMID: 27629963 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.6288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is a rare inherited disorder related to recurrent episodes of rhabdomyolysis. The adult myopathic form of CPT II deficiency is relatively benign and difficult to diagnose. The point mutation S113L in CPT2 is very common in Caucasian patients, whereas F383Y is the most common mutation among Japanese patients. We herein present a case of CPT II deficiency in a Japanese patient homozygous for the missense mutation S113L. The patient showed a decreased frequency of rhabdomyolysis recurrence after the administration of a diet containing medium-chain triglyceride oil and supplementation with carnitine and bezafibrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shima
- Department of Neurology, Saiseikai Noe Hospital, Japan
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10
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Zhou P, Zhang J, He N, Chang G, Li J, Gu Q. [Study on the correlation between serum lipid and serum carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A in rural adults over 40 years in Tianjin]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2014; 43:228-232. [PMID: 24868974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the status of serum lipids and analyze its relationship with carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1 A) in rural people over 40 in Tianjin, China. METHODS By cluster multi-stratified sample of 719 people over 40 was investigated with a questionnaire from rural areas in Tianjin. And finally draw a conclusion based on data analysis from fasting blood and measured total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and CPT1 A. RESULTS In this research, the rate of dyslipidemia was 46.73%, in which 48.22 percent male and 45.41 percent female, a nonsignificant difference. CPT1 A correlated with TC, LDL-C were 0.123 and 0.130, with simple linear regression, and there was only significant difference between LDL-C and CPT1 A by multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSION There is a high rate of dyslipidemia among the rural people over the age of 40 in Tianjin, and the CPT1 A is closely associated with serum lipid.
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11
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de Sain-van der Velden MGM, Diekman EF, Jans JJ, van der Ham M, Prinsen BHCMT, Visser G, Verhoeven-Duif NM. Differences between acylcarnitine profiles in plasma and bloodspots. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:116-21. [PMID: 23639448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Quantification of acylcarnitines is used for screening and diagnosis of inborn error of metabolism (IEM). While newborn screening is performed in dried blood spots (DBSs), general metabolic investigation is often performed in plasma. Information on the correlation between plasma and DBS acylcarnitine profiles is scarce. In this study, we directly compared acylcarnitine concentrations measured in DBS with those in the corresponding plasma sample. Additionally, we tested whether ratios of acylcarnitines in both matrices are helpful for diagnostic purpose when primary markers fail. STUDY DESIGN DBS and plasma were obtained from controls and patients with a known IEM. (Acyl)carnitines were converted to their corresponding butyl esters and analyzed using HPLC/MS/MS. RESULTS Free carnitine concentrations were 36% higher in plasma compared to DBS. In contrast, in patients with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) deficiency free carnitine concentration in DBS was 4 times the concentration measured in plasma. In carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT-2) deficiency, primary diagnostic markers were abnormal in plasma but could also be normal in DBS. The calculated ratios for CPT-1 (C0/(C16+C18)) and CPT-2 ((C16+C18:1)/C2) revealed abnormal values in plasma. However, normal ratios were found in DBS of two (out of five) samples obtained from patients diagnosed with CPT-2. CONCLUSIONS Relying on primary acylcarnitine markers, CPT-1 deficiency can be missed when analysis is performed in plasma, whereas CPT-2 deficiency can be missed when analysis is performed in DBS. Ratios of the primary markers to other acylcarnitines restore diagnostic recognition completely for CPT-1 and CPT-2 in plasma, while CPT-2 can still be missed in DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique G M de Sain-van der Velden
- Department of Medical Genetics, UMC Utrecht, The Netherlands Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Sánchez J, Priego T, Picó C, Ahrens W, De Henauw S, Fraterman A, Mårild S, Molnár D, Moreno LA, Peplies J, Russo P, Siani A, Tornaritis M, Veidebaum T, Palou A. Blood cells as a source of transcriptional biomarkers of childhood obesity and its related metabolic alterations: results of the IDEFICS study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E648-52. [PMID: 22278432 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants Project) is a European multicenter study on childhood obesity. One of its goals is to define early biomarkers of risk associated with obesity and its comorbid conditions. OBJECTIVE We considered blood cells as a new potential source of transcriptional biomarkers for these metabolic disorders and examined whether blood cell mRNA levels of some selected genes (LEPR, INSR, CPT1A, SLC27A2, UCP2, FASN, and PPARα) were altered in overweight children and whether their expression levels could be defined as markers of the insulin-resistant or dyslipidemic state associated with overweight. DESIGN Blood samples were obtained from 306 normal-weight and overweight children, aged 2-9 yr, from eight different European countries. Whole-blood mRNA levels were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS LEPR, INSR, and CPT1A mRNA levels were higher in overweight compared with normal-weight children (the two latter only in males), whereas SLC27A2 mRNA levels were lower in overweight children. Significant associations were also found between expression levels of LEPR, INSR, CPT1A, SLC27A2, FASN, PPARα, and different parameters, including body mass index, homeostasis model assessment index, and plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels. These associations showed that high expression levels of CPT1A, SLC27A2, INSR, FASN, or PPARα may be indicative of a lower risk for the insulin-resistant or dyslipidemic state associated with obesity, whereas low LEPR mRNA levels appear as a marker of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, independently of body mass index. CONCLUSIONS These findings point toward the possibility of using the expression levels of these genes in blood cells as markers of metabolic status and can potentially provide an early warning of a future disorder.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Cells/metabolism
- Body Mass Index
- Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase/blood
- Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase/genetics
- Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase/metabolism
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Coenzyme A Ligases/blood
- Coenzyme A Ligases/genetics
- Coenzyme A Ligases/metabolism
- Cohort Studies
- Europe
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hyperlipidemias/etiology
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Obesity/blood
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/physiopathology
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Insulin/blood
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Receptors, Leptin/blood
- Receptors, Leptin/genetics
- Receptors, Leptin/metabolism
- Sex Characteristics
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Campus de la Carretera. Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) deficiency is a metabolic disorder that occurs at a key checkpoint of fatty acid metabolism. A new form of CPT1A deficiency caused by a mutation at nucleotide 1436 (C>T), resulting in an amino acid substitution of leucine for proline at position 479 (P479L), has been isolated in Canadian First Nations and Inuit populations. The present study offers a molecular method for assessing CPT1A 1436 (C>T) mutation status. METHODS CPT1A-deficient fibroblasts from four patient fibroblast cell lines and ten patient peripheral blood spots were all analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled to restriction endonuclease (RE) treatment. Genomic DNA was PCR-amplified and treated with an RE specific for normal DNA. CPT1A 1436 (C>T) mutations were identified by resistance to RE treatment. RESULTS The RE-PCR assay identified homozygosity for the 1436 (C>T) mutation in four fibroblast cell lines and nine blood spots with CPT1A enzyme deficiency. In addition, the assay identified one blood spot that corresponded to the heterozygous genotype. CONCLUSIONS RE-PCR assay for the 1436 (C>T) mutation provides a rapid assay for the diagnosis of CPT1A deficiency resulting from this mutation. The assay will have utility in screening populations with a high prevalence of this genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Park
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
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14
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Minkler PE, Kerner J, North KN, Hoppel CL. Quantitation of long-chain acylcarnitines by HPLC/fluorescence detection: application to plasma and tissue specimens from patients with carnitine palmitoyltransferase-II deficiency. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 352:81-92. [PMID: 15653102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2003] [Revised: 02/03/2004] [Accepted: 02/04/2004] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-II deficiency (CPT-II deficiency) is a rare disorder of lipid metabolism, in which the accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines is a diagnostic marker. HPLC with fluorescence detection is an attractive analysis method due to its favorable combination of sensitivity, specificity, ease of analysis and minimal capital equipment costs. METHODS Long-chain acylcarnitines were isolated from tissue homogenates (0.5-2 mg wet weight) or plasma (50 microl) using silica gel columns and derivatized with 2-(2,3-naphthalimino)ethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate. Quantitation was by HPLC and fluorescence detection with standard curves (0.0-5.0 nmol/ml) for myristoyl-, palmitoleoyl-, palmitoyl-, oleoyl- and stearoylcarnitine using heptadecanoylcarnitine as the internal standard. RESULTS Significantly greater amounts of long-chain acylcarnitines were quantified in patients with CPT-II deficiency when compared to controls; e.g. (nmol/ml in patient plasma, controls mean+/-standard deviation): myristoylcarnitine (0.3, not detectable), palmitoleoylcarnitine (0.5, 0.1+/-0.1), palmitoylcarnitine (0.9, 0.1+/-0.0), oleoylcarnitine (3.0, 0.2+/-0.1), stearoylcarnitine (0.4, not detectable). CONCLUSIONS This method can be used to quantitate long-chain acylcarnitines, illustrating their accumulation in CPT-II deficiency. The analysis was accomplished using inexpensive and widely available instrumentation and is appropriate for research investigators who require precise quantitation of long-chain acylcarnitines in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Minkler
- Medical Research Service, Louis Stokes Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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15
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Shigematsu Y, Hirano S, Hata I, Tanaka Y, Sudo M, Tajima T, Sakura N, Yamaguchi S, Takayanagi M. Selective screening for fatty acid oxidation disorders by tandem mass spectrometry: difficulties in practical discrimination. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 792:63-72. [PMID: 12828998 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In a selective screening for fatty acid oxidation disorders by tandem mass spectrometry, we tested the diagnostic ratios and acylcarnitine concentrations in sera or blood spots, which were reported to be specific to very long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency. While the acylcarnitine profiles in the majority of these patients were typical in the respective disorders, some overlapping of the indices was observed between these patients and the infants, who showed symptoms mainly related to hypoglycemia but did not have the disorders mentioned above. Although the diagnostic ratio of tetradecenoylcarnitine to dodecanoylcarnitine for very long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency seemed to minimize the overlapping in this study, additional measures including careful assessment of clinical data and enzyme assays may be necessary for the diagnosis in atypical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Shigematsu
- Department of Health Science, School of Nursing, Fukui Medical University, Matsuoka-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
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16
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17
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Martín MA, Rubio JC, del Hoyo P, García A, Bustos F, Campos Y, Cabello A, Culebras JM, Arenas J. Identification of novel mutations in Spanish patients with muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency. Hum Mutat 2000; 15:579-80. [PMID: 10862092 DOI: 10.1002/1098-1004(200006)15:6<579::aid-humu14>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is the most common recessively inherited disorder of lipid metabolism affecting skeletal muscle and the most frequent cause of hereditary myoglobinuria. We studied 5 Spanish patients with CPT II deficiency from four unrelated families. Four patients had the typical clinical phenotype of muscle CPT II deficiency with recurrent episodes of myoglobinuria, triggered by prolonged exercise, fasting, or fever, and marked elevation of creatine kinase values during metabolic crisis. One patient had exercise-related myalgia, cramps and moderate elevation of serum CK values, but had never had myoglobinuria. Molecular analysis showed that three patients were heterozygous for the S113L mutation and one patient heterozygous for the P50H substitution. To identify the mutations in the other alleles of our patients we amplified and sequenced genomic DNA fragments encompassing the entire coding region and intron/exon boundaries of the CPT2 gene. We found the recently reported 178 insT/del 25 bp in one patient. Three novel mutations were identified: a Y120C substitution that leads to a nonconservative amino acid replacement; a 36-38 insGC mutation that results in premature termination of the translation; and an I502T substitution that affects a conserved amino acid residue in the CPT II protein. Our data confirm the molecular heterogeneity of patients with CPT II deficiency, and suggest that the ethnic origin has to be taken into account before performing mutation analysis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Martín
- Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT-I), the enzyme controlling the rate of fatty acid transport into the mitochondria, prevents the contractile dysfunction, myosin isozyme shift and deterioration in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling that occurs in rat models of left ventricular hypertrophy. In this study we examine whether the improved cardiac function with beta blockade therapy in heart failure is associated with an alteration in CPT-I activity. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined dogs with coronary microembolism-induced heart failure treated for 12 weeks with metoprolol (25 mg twice daily). Myocardial activities of CPT-I, medium-chain acyl co-enzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD, a beta-oxidation enzyme), citrate synthase, and triglyceride content were measured. The progressive decrease in cardiac function was prevented by treatment with metoprolol, as reflected by an improved ejection fraction over 12 weeks in the metoprolol group (from 35% to 40%) compared to the untreated heart failure dogs (decrease from 36% to 26%). Dogs treated with metoprolol had a marked decrease in CPT-I activity (0.46 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.64 +/- 0.02 micromol min(-1) g(-1) wet weight; P < .02) along with an increase in triglyceride concentration compared to untreated heart failure dogs (3.9 +/- 0.3 v 4.9 +/- 0.2 micromol/g wet weight, respectively; P < .003). By contrast, MCAD and citrate synthase activities did not change. CONCLUSION Metoprolol induced a decrease in CPT-I activity and an increase in triglyceride content. These results suggest that the improved function observed with beta blockers in heart failure could be due, in part, to a decrease in CPT-I activity and less fatty acid oxidation by the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Panchal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4970, USA
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19
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Kaufmann P, el-Schahawi M, DiMauro S. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency: diagnosis by molecular analysis of blood. Mol Cell Biochem 1997; 174:237-9. [PMID: 9309694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Four missense mutations have been reported to be associated with the typical, adult form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency: Three amino acid substitutions (R631C. P50H and D553N) appear to be rare, while the S113L mutation was found to be common in a group of European patients with CPT II deficiency. We analyzed genomic DNA from 20 American patients with recurrent episodes of myoglobinuria as well as DNA from 10 normal controls in order to determine the frequency of the reported missense mutations in our patient population. The three previously described rare mutations were not found in our group of patients. The S113L mutation was found in 19 of our patients: 5 patients were homozygous, 14 patients were heterozygous. Given the high frequency of this mutation in our series of patients we concluded that the clinical diagnosis of CPT II deficiency can be confirmed by a 'blood test' without resorting to a muscle biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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20
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Arduini A, Bressan M, Sciarroni F, Dottori S, Calvani M, Ramsay RR. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase and acyl-coA binding protein: two more players in the membrane phospholipid fatty acid turnover of human red cells? Biochem J 1997; 325 ( Pt 3):811-4. [PMID: 9290049 PMCID: PMC1218629 DOI: 10.1042/bj3250811u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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de los Reyes B, Pérez-Garcia R, Liras A, Valderrabano F, Arenas J. L-carnitine normalizes the reduced carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity in red cells from haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997; 12:1300-1. [PMID: 9198077 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/12.6.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Abstract
Disorders of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation are a common cause of exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. We report three adult patients from a family with symptoms of recurrent exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis. This presentation closely resembles adult-type carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency except that these patients had an associated peripheral neuropathy. Investigation of fatty acid oxidation in the patients revealed a deficiency of the mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme of beta-oxidation, a newly described fatty acid oxidation disorder with multiorgan involvement and a usually fatal outcome in early childhood. Our cases therefore represent a new phenotype of the disease, which is characterized by recurrent rhabdomyolysis and peripheral neuropathy, but without involvement of other organs, and which is associated with prolonged survival beyond the fourth decade. A low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet proved beneficial in one of the patients, drastically reducing the frequency of rhabdomyolytic episodes. Our findings suggest that mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme deficiency should be considered in patients with recurrent episodes of myoglobinuria and peripheral neuropathy presenting in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schaefer
- Department of Neurology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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23
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de los Reyes B, Perez-García R, Liras A, Arenas J. Reduced carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity and altered acyl-trafficking in red blood cells from hemodialysis patients. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996; 1315:37-9. [PMID: 8611644 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(95)00099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We measured carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, free carnitine, and long chain acyl carnitine levels in erythrocytes from 15 uremic patients and 25 controls. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase levels in patients were significantly lower than in controls. The levels of free carnitine and long chain acyl carnitines as well as the long chain acyl carnitine/free carnitine ratio were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Our results suggest that hemodialysis causes alteration in the acyl-trafficking in red blood cells membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- B de los Reyes
- Centro de Investigacíon, Hosp. 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Bennett MJ, Boriack RL. Erythrocyte membrane reacylation in juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis: measurement of membrane-bound carnitine palmitoyl transferase, acyl-CoA synthetase, and lysophospholipid: acyl-CoA acyltransferase activities. Am J Med Genet 1995; 57:304-6. [PMID: 7668351 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320570239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the membrane fatty acid deficiency in juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, we have analyzed the reacylation pathway in isolated erythrocyte membranes in 5 patients. We studied membrane carnitine palmitoyl transferase, and developed a combined assay to study acyl-CoA synthetase and lysophospholipid acyl-CoA acyltransferase activities. There were no significant differences between control and patient membranes, suggesting that abnormalities in these 3 putative candidate enzymes are not responsible for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bennett
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Children's Medical Center of Dallas 75235, USA
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Arduini A, Tyurin V, Tyuruna Y, Arrigoni-Martelli E, Molajoni F, Dottori S, Federici G. Acyl-trafficking in membrane phospholipid fatty acid turnover: the transfer of fatty acid from the acyl-L-carnitine pool to membrane phospholipids in intact human erythrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 187:353-8. [PMID: 1520320 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work we have investigated the transfer of radioactive palmitic acid between membrane phospholipids and acyl-L-carnitines in intact human erythrocytes. During the incubation period of labeled erythrocyte in non-defatted bovine serum albumin, radioactivity in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine increased. On the contrary, a decrease of radioactivity in erythrocyte palmitoyl-L-carnitine was observed. 2-Tetradecylglycidic acid, an irreversible erythrocyte carnitine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor, abolished any radioactivity changes in both phospholipids and palmitoyl-L-carnitine. Similar findings were obtained by using erythrocytes labeled with radioactive oleic acid. Our data suggest that in human erythrocytes a carnitine palmitoyltransferase-catalyzed acyl transfer from acyl-L-carnitine to phospholipids, rather than a previously described fatty acid transfer from phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine, is operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arduini
- Istituto di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
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Kang ES, Lee HJ, Boulet J, Myers LK, Cook GA, Bean W. Potential for hepatic and renal dysfunction during influenza B infection, convalescence, and after induction of secondary viremia. J Exp Pathol 1992; 6:133-44. [PMID: 1352541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Whether infection with influenza B virus alters hepatic function was examined in the ferret. Also, the possibility that viral-specific antibodies (Ab) could be produced well before their detection in serum was explored. During the febrile period of influenza, reductions in the serum potassium, anion gap, ammonia, albumin and CPK and elevations of the BUN, creatinine and the GGTP levels occurred. With convalescence, the electrolytes, BUN and creatinine normalized, FFA, SGPT and CPK levels rose and the serum GGTP rose even further. Hepatic fatty acid (FA) oxidation, ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activities were minimally altered and liver ATP and total lipid content remained normal. Following experimental secondary viremia, serum FFA continued to rise, TG decreased and CPK remained elevated while SGPT and GGTP levels normalized. In the liver, FA oxidation and OTC rates remained unchanged but CPT activity was inhibited and the liver content of ATP was significantly reduced. Immune complex (IC) protein recovered from postmicrosomal supernatant fractions by polyethylene glycol precipitation was progressively increased in livers from convalescent and viremic animals. While the amount of IC protein recovered in the spleen also increases during convalescence, this is not the case after viremia when the IC formed seem to be processed largely by the liver. By SDS/PAGE, the major proteins identified in the IC were IgM and other viral proteins. However, the viral proteins could not be validated by immunoblot with Ab produced against purified influenza B hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) most probably due to phagocytic alterations of glycoprotein immunodeterminants. These findings indicate that during influenza, convalescence and post viremia changes in the concentrations of several serum and liver components occur that reflect hepatic involvement. Also, antiviral Ab, largely IgM, appears to be produced early, complexes with Ag and can be found sequestered in both the liver and spleen at a time when Ab is not detectable in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, Memphis
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27
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Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase located in the erythrocyte plasma membrane is sensitive to inhibition by malonyl-CoA and 2-bromopalmitoyl-CoA plus carnitine. Although this inhibition and other properties suggest similarities to the intracellular enzymes in other tissues, no cross-reaction was observed with antisera to the peroxisomal or to the mitochondrial inner-membrane enzyme. The activity was solubilized by and was stable in Triton X-100, which destroys the enzymes found in microsomes and in the mitochondrial outer membrane. The substrate specificity is broader than for the intracellular enzymes, the activities with stearoyl-CoA (114%) and arachidonoyl-CoA (97%) being equal to that with palmitoyl-CoA, and the activities with linoleoyl-CoA (44%) and erucoyl-CoA (46%) about half that with palmitoyl-CoA. The function of this carnitine palmitoyltransferase is probably to buffer the acyl-CoA present in the erythrocyte for turnover of the fatty acyl groups of the membrane lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Ramsay
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco
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28
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Iida R, Takeyama N, Iida N, Tanaka T. Characterization of overt carnitine palmitoyltransferase in rat platelets; involvement of insulin on its regulation. Mol Cell Biochem 1991; 103:23-30. [PMID: 1857344 DOI: 10.1007/bf00229590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Saponin-permeabilization (30 micrograms/ml) of the platelet plasma membrane, which enables access of added compounds to mitochondrial overt carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT I), was applied to allow the rapid determination of CPT I activity in situ. The effects of diabetes and short-term incubation with insulin in vitro on the kinetic parameters and malonyl-CoA sensitivity of CPT I were also studied in rat platelets. CPT I exhibited ordinary Michaelis-Menten kinetics when platelets were incubated with palmitoyl-CoA. Malonyl-CoA showed an I50 (concentration giving 50% inhibition of CPT activity) of 0.92 +/- 0.11 microM in permeabilized platelets. Platelets obtained from diabetic rats (induced by streptozotocin injection) exhibited an increased Vmax and I50 for malonyl-CoA, and an unaltered Km for palmitoyl-CoA. In contrast, preincubation of platelets prepared from both fed control rats and diabetic rats with insulin (100 and 150 microU/ml) led to a decrease in enzyme activity when assayed with 75 microM palmitoyl-CoA and 0.5 mM L-carnitine as substrates. These in vivo and in vitro results suggested that insulin directly modulated rat platelet CPT I activity, as it does in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Iida
- Department of First Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Sacrez A, Porte A, Hindelang C, Bieth R, Mérian B. [Myocardiopathy with lipid overload and leukocyte palmityl carnitine transferase (PCT) deficiency]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1982; 75:1371-9. [PMID: 6820259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Histological changes of the skeletal muscle with moderate fatty infiltration and varied abnormalities of the muscle fibres and conjunctivo-vascular tissue were demonstrated in three adult patients with apparently primary cardiomyopathy with dilatation. Leukocyte PCT activity was decreased and plasma carnitine was increased. In two cases, postmortem cardiac biopsy showed a massive accumulation of lipids and an intense progressive fibrosis dissociating the atrial and ventricular cardiac fibres. A disturbance of lipid metabolism could be the cause of this cardiac and skeletal muscle disease, but the reduced PCT activity could be a sign of more diffuse myocardial disease as suggested by the fibrous lesions and vascular abnormalities observed in our cases. These cases emphasise the value of routine investigation of PCT activity in primary cardiomyopathy and of ultrastructural studies of skeletal muscle, even in the absence of clinical involvement, which may show relatively severe changes reflecting the state of the myocardium.
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Abstract
The presence of carnitine acetyl transferase (E.C.2.3.1.7) activity has been found for the first time in human platelets. The enzymic activity was measured by a radiometric method based on the separation of labelled acetylcarnitine and carnitine on a cation exchange column. Carnitine acetyl transferase activity closely paralleled the activity distribution of the mitochondrial marker carnitine palmitoyl-transferase. Contrary to the marker enzyme, human platelet carnitine acetyl-transferase is rather thermosensitive: 60% of its activity is lost after 10 min when kept at 37 degree C.
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31
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Abstract
The levels of plasma free carnitine and ketone bodies have been found to fluctuate inversely in fasting individuals without muscle disease. Circulating short-chain acyl-carnitines paralleled beta-hydroxybutyrate levels. A patient with lipid storage myopathy and muscle carnitine deficiency, and his two daughters, developed exaggerated ketogenesis on fasting. The content of total carnitines in the patient's liver was normal, but free carnitine was reduced to 50 percent, and total esterified carnitines were four times greater than the mean value for the controls. The decreased muscle carnitine content in this case may have resulted from chronic hepatic ketogenesis, draining muscle carnitine. Alternatively, decreased muscle carnitine content may have initiated hepatic ketogenesis.
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Abstract
Two membrane-bound enzymes, concerned in repair of erythrocyte membranes, have been investigated in patients with muscular dystrophy. The activation of long-chain fatty acids is normal in erythrocytes from Duchenne patients, but increases two-fold in cells from myotonic dystrophy patients (congenital form). This alteration is not present in leucocytes. In all leucocytes tested palmitate was the preferred substrate while palmitoleate and linoleate were activated at a lower rate. In the erythrocytes the 3 fatty acids were activated at the same rate. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase was not significantly altered in erythrocytes of both groups of patients.
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Vollset SE, Farstad M. A study of assay conditions for palmitoyl-CoA synthetase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase in homogenates of human blood platelets. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1979; 39:15-21. [PMID: 523950 DOI: 10.3109/00365517909104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The assay conditions for palmitoyl-CoA synthetase (P-CoA S) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) in homogenates of human blood platelets have been studied. The assay based on trapping of palmitoyl-CoA by carnitine in the presence of exogenous CPT gave higher activity of P-CoA S than the assay based on direct isolation of the palmitoyl-CoA formed. The activity of CPT was higher on exogenous palmitoyl-CoA than on endogenous palmitoyl-CoA formed from palmitic acid and CoA in the presence of endogenous P-CoA S. The activity of CPT was strongly dependent on the incubation time and the amount of platelets used. The initial activity of this enzyme in human blood platelets was higher than previously assumed.
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