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Ukpai OM, Ijioma SN, Kanu K, Orieke D, Chinedu-Ndukwe PA, Ugwuanyi KC, Ugbogu EA. Phytochemical composition, toxicological profiling and effect on pup birth weight of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract in rats: Implications for fetal macrosomia control. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117170. [PMID: 37704120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Corchorus olitorius is used in ethnomedicine to arrest threatened miscarriage, ease labour, and promote smooth childbirth. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the phytochemical composition, toxicity profile, and effect of Corchorus olitorius L. leaf extract (COLE) on fetal macrosomia control in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical constituents of COLE were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A single dose of up to 5000 mg/kg was administered in the acute toxicity test, and the rats were monitored for 14 days. In the sub-acute toxicity study, rats were treated with the extract for 28 days, and liver function, renal function, lipid profile, and serum antioxidant parameters, coupled with liver and kidney histology, were used to assess the toxicity potential of the extract. In the pup birth weight study, treatment of pregnant rats lasted until the birth of pups and continued for an extra 4 weeks. Rats in group 1 served as a control, whereas rats in groups 2, 3, and 4 received daily doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight of COLE, respectively, via oral gavage. RESULTS Bioactive compounds such as D-limonene, phytol, hexadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid (Z), dodecanoic acid, and ethyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate with well-known pharmacological activities were detected. LD50 of COLE was >5000 mg/kg. COLE decreased body weight and increased red blood cell, packed cell volume, and haemoglobin values when compared with the control (p < 0.05). COLE significantly decreased alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase but did not cause any significant (p > 0.05) changes in other biochemical (liver and kidney) parameters when compared to control. COLE decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol when compared with the control (p < 0.05). Birth weights of pups were significantly decreased in the COLE-treated groups when compared with the control (p < 0.05), but the observed difference terminated by the fourth week of weaning. CONCLUSION The results showed that COLE is not toxic but has several bioactive compounds with known pharmacological activities and therefore may be a safe oral agent for fetal macrosomia control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinye Mkpola Ukpai
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Nnah Ijioma
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Kanu
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Daniel Orieke
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Peace Amarachi Chinedu-Ndukwe
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Chijioke Ugwuanyi
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
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Shady NH, Altemani AH, Altemani FH, Maher SA, Elrehany MA, Saber EA, Badawi AM, El-Mordy FMA, Mohamed NM, Abourehab MAS, Sayed AM, Abdelmohsen UR, Mohamad SA. The Potential of Corchorus olitorius Seeds Buccal Films for Treatment of Recurrent Minor Aphthous Ulcerations in Human Volunteers. Molecules 2022; 27:7020. [PMID: 36296628 PMCID: PMC9610436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphthous ulcers are very common disorders among different age groups and are very noxious and painful. The incidence of aphthous ulcer recurrence is very high and it may even last for a maximum of 6 days and usually, patients cannot stand its pain. This study aims to prepare a buccoadhesive fast dissolving film containing Corchorus olitorius seed extract to treat recurrent minor aphthous ulceration (RMAU) in addition to clinical experiments on human volunteers. An excision wound model was used to assess the in vivo wound healing potential of Corchorus olitorius L. seed extract, with a focus on wound healing molecular targets such as TGF-, TNF-, and IL-1. In addition, metabolomic profiling using HR-LCMS for the crude extract of Corchorus olitorius seeds was explored. Moreover, molecular docking experiments were performed to elucidate the binding confirmation of the isolated compounds with three molecular targets (TNF-α, IL-1β, and GSK3). Additionally, the in vitro antioxidant potential of C. olitorius seed extract using both H2O2 and superoxide radical scavenging activity was examined. Clinical experiments on human volunteers revealed the efficiency of the prepared C. olitorius seeds buccal fast dissolving film (CoBFDF) in relieving pain and wound healing of RMAU. Moreover, the wound healing results revealed that C. olitorius seed extract enhanced wound closure rates (p ≤ 0.001), elevated TGF-β levels and significantly downregulated TNF-α and IL-1β in comparison to the Mebo-treated group. The phenotypical results were supported by biochemical and histopathological findings, while metabolomic profiling using HR-LCMS for the crude extract of Corchorus olitorius seeds yielded a total of 21 compounds belonging to diverse chemical classes. Finally, this study highlights the potential of C. olitorius seed extract in wound repair uncovering the most probable mechanisms of action using in silico analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hisham Shady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Abdullah H. Altemani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal H. Altemani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A. Maher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Valley University, El Kharga 71511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Elrehany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Entesar Ali Saber
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Badawi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohamed Abd El-Mordy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt
| | - Nada M. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology, and Information (MTI), Cairo 11754, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Soad A. Mohamad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
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Tosoc JPS, Nuñeza OM, Sudha T, Darwish NHE, Mousa SA. Anticancer Effects of the Corchorus olitorius Aqueous Extract and Its Bioactive Compounds on Human Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196033. [PMID: 34641577 PMCID: PMC8513029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corchorus olitorius is a common, leafy vegetable locally known as “Saluyot” in the Philippines. Several studies have reported on its various pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anticancer properties. However, little is known about its effects on angiogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer properties, such as the antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic, and antitumor activities, of the C. olitorius aqueous extract (CO) and its bioactive compounds, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and isoquercetin (IQ), against human melanoma (A-375), gastric cancer (AGS), and pancreatic cancer (SUIT-2), using in vitro and in ovo biological assays. The detection and quantification of CGA and IQ in CO were achieved using LC-MS/MS analysis. The antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic, and antitumor activities of CO, CGA, and IQ against A-375, AGS, and SUIT-2 cancer cell lines were evaluated using MTT and CAM assays. CGA and IQ were confirmed to be present in CO. CO, CGA, and IQ significantly inhibited the proliferation of A-375, AGS, and SUIT-2 cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h of treatment. Tumor angiogenesis (hemoglobin levels) of A-375 and AGS tumors was significantly inhibited by CO, CGA, IQ, and a CGA–IQ combination. The growth of implanted A-375 and AGS tumors was significantly reduced by CO, CGA, IQ, and a CGA–IQ combination, as measured in tumor weight. Our investigation provides new evidence to show that CO has promising anticancer effects on various types of human cancer cells. CO and its compounds are potential nutraceutical products that could be used for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Sese Tosoc
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines;
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; (T.S.); (N.H.E.D.); (S.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +63-083-520-7969
| | - Olga Macas Nuñeza
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City 9200, Philippines;
| | - Thangirala Sudha
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; (T.S.); (N.H.E.D.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Noureldien H. E. Darwish
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; (T.S.); (N.H.E.D.); (S.A.M.)
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; (T.S.); (N.H.E.D.); (S.A.M.)
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Zhang G, Huang S, Zhang C, Li D, Wu Y, Deng J, Shan S, Qi J. Overexpression of CcNAC1 gene promotes early flowering and enhances drought tolerance of jute (Corchorus capsularis L.). Protoplasma 2021; 258:337-345. [PMID: 33079225 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the main factor that significantly affects plant growth and has devastating effects on crop production of jute. NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) are a large gene family in plants that have been shown to play many important roles in regulating developmental processes and abiotic stress resistance. In this study, a NAC transcription factor, CcNAC1, was cloned and characterized its function in jute. RT-qPCR analysis showed that CcNAC1 expression peaks after 8 h of drought stress. CcNAC1 overexpression and knockdown plants were created by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. PCR and southern hybridization results indicate that the CcNAC1 gene was integrated into the genome of jute. Overexpression of the CcNAC1 gene sped up the plant growth, promoted early flowering, and increased drought tolerance compared to the control plants. 3-Ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) gene expression level increased significantly in the CcNAC1-overexpression plants and decreased in knockdown plants, which showed that CcNAC1 transcription factor regulated KCS gene expression. Yeast-2-Hybrid (Y2H) assays validated the physical interaction between CcNAC1 and KCS. The results provide relatively comprehensive information on the molecular mechanisms of CcNAC1 gene underlying the regulation of plant growth and drought stress resistance, and indicate that CcNAC1 acts as a positive regulator in drought tolerance in jute (Corchorus capsularis L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Siqi Huang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha, China
| | - Defang Li
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Changsha, China.
| | - Yingbao Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Jielou Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Shilian Shan
- College of Life Sciences, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Jianmin Qi
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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Saleh SAA, Abdel Wahab WA, El-Dein AN, Abdelwahab WA, Ahmed AAM, Helmy WA, Mostafa FA. Characterization of Aspergillus niger MK981235 xylanase with extraction of anti-hepatotoxic, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic and prebiotic Corchorus olitorius stems xylooligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:677-686. [PMID: 33152359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The object of this study was to utilize agro-industrial waste Corchorus olitorius stems (molokhia stems, MS) as substrate, for Aspergillus niger MK981235 xylanase production and as source of biologically active xylooligosaccharides (XOS). This study succeeded in utilization of Aspergillus niger MK981235 xylanase under different saccharification conditions designed by central composite design (CCD) for extraction of 15 biologically active XOS (anti-hepatotoxic, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic and prebiotic) with different monosaccharides constituents composition and percent. A. niger MK981235 xylanase showed the highest activity 6.60 U·ml-1 at 50 °C with 1.5% xylan. The kinetics included Km and Vmax were determined to be 6.67 mg·ml-1 and 20 μmol·ml-1·min-1, respectively. Moreover, A. niger MK981235 xylanase thermodynamics Ea (activation energy) and Ed (activation energy of denaturation) were determined to be 21.95 and 39.51 KJ·mol-1, respectively. The highest prebiotic effect (growth promation) was exerted by the central MS XOS on Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (125 and 135.3%, respectively). Also, the central MS XOS, exerted the highest cholesterol reduction and antioxidant activities 74.7 and 92%, respectively, showed remarkable in vivo protective role against the hepatic toxicity of lithium carbonate evaluated by changes in body weight, liver function markers (AST, ALT, Alb, total bilirubin) and tissue makers (MDA and GSH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen A A Saleh
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Abdel Wahab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Negm El-Dein
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wesam Abdelsalam Abdelwahab
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Abdel Majid Ahmed
- Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Helmy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Faten A Mostafa
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Lee HB, Oh MJ, Do MH, Kim YS, Park HY. Molokhia leaf extract prevents gut inflammation and obesity. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 257:112866. [PMID: 32302714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Molokhia is highly consumed in Egypt as edible and medicinal plants, and its leaves are used for the treatment of pain, fever, and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY High-fat diet (HFD) induces gut dysbiosis, which is closely linked to metabolic diseases including obesity and leaky gut. The effects of molokhia (Corchorus olitorius L.) on anti-obesity and gut health were investigated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of a water-soluble extract from molokhia leaves (WM) on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and on body weight, gut permeability, hormone levels, fecal enzyme activity of the intestinal microflora, and gut microbiota in HFD-induced C57BL/6J mice were examined. RESULTS WM treatment significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mice treated with 100 mg/kg WM had 13.1, 52.4, and 17.4% significantly lower body weights, gut permeability, and hepatic lipid accumulation than those in the HFD group, respectively. In addition, WM influenced gut health by inhibiting metabolic endotoxemia and colonic inflammation. It also altered the composition of the gut microbiota; in particular, it increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased that of Desulfovibrio. CONCLUSION Our results extend our understanding of the beneficial effects of WM consumption, including the prevention of gut dysbiosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Bin Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Jin Oh
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Ho Do
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Orieke D, Ohaeri OC, Ijeh II, Ijioma SN. Gastrointestinal and uterine smooth muscles relaxant and anti-inflammatory effects of corchorus olitorius leaf extract in laboratory animal models. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 247:112224. [PMID: 31509779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Corchorus olitorius is reportedly used in ethno-medicine to arrest threatened miscarriage and other conditions associated with excessive uterine contractions. The plant is also used as a purgative, demulscent and an anti-inflammatory agent. AIM OF THE STUDY Against the background of ethno-medicinal use, this current work was designed to evaluate the gastrointestinal and uterine smooth muscles relaxant and anti-inflammatory effects of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract (COLE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Pieces of uterine and gastrointestinal tissues were suspended separately in organ baths containing ideal physiological salt solutions bubbled with air and were tested for responses to standard drugs and COLE, then repeated in the presence of antagonists. Anti-inflammatory study was carried out via the egg albumin-induced paw edema model in rats. RESULTS The application of COLE to pieces of uterine tissue significantly decreased the amplitudes of contractions in a dose dependent manner such that the highest dose applied (666.67 μg/ml) achieved a 100% inhibitory effect. Oxytocin induced contractions were also significantly inhibited by both salbutamol and COLE. On the isolated rabbit jejunum, the effect of COLE was also inhibitory and like atropine, significantly inhibited acetylcholine induced contractions. In the in vivo study, the extract inhibited charcoal meal movement in test rats when compared with control. Anti-inflammatory effect of COLE was significant and compared favourably with that of aspirin following in vivo trials. CONCLUSIONS COLE therefore, may be a good tocolytic, anti-diarrheal and anti-inflammatory agent and offers hope of new drug discovery for such uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Orieke
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
| | - Obioma Christopher Ohaeri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Irene Ijeh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Nnah Ijioma
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
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Chen W, He F, Zhang S, Xv H, Xv Z. Development of porosity and surface chemistry of textile waste jute-based activated carbon by physical activation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:9840-9848. [PMID: 29372525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-step physical activation was used to prepare activated carbon from textile waste jute. Raw material was first carbonized under nitrogen and then activated by CO2. Based on yield and pore structure, the optimal carbonization temperature and time were 500 °C and 60 min, respectively. Carbonized sample was next activated. The development of porosity and surface chemistry was highly dependent on activation temperature and time. Activated carbon produced at 800 °C was predominantly microporous while that produced at 900 °C was more mesoporous and macroporous. The shift from microporosity to mesoporosity could be used to produce either microporous or mesoporous carbon just by changing the activation temperature. Activation also changed the surface chemistry and created a more carbonaceous structure. The jute-based activated carbon was mostly powdered in form, slightly acidic and effective in adsorbing both heavy metals and organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Chen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Feifei He
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hui Xv
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhihua Xv
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
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Das S, Deka P, Goswami L, Sahariah B, Hussain N, Bhattacharya SS. Vermiremediation of toxic jute mill waste employing Metaphire posthuma. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:15418-15431. [PMID: 27117148 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
India has a giant jute-producing basket which produces considerable quantity of toxic jute mill waste (JMW). Conversely, report on usability potential of JMW is rather scanty. The present study illustrates the efficiency of vermicomposting in bioconversion of JMW for agricultural use. Various combinations of JMW, cow dung, and vegetable waste were fed to Metaphire posthuma in vermireactors. Rapid increment of earthworm count, body weight, and cocoon production was evidenced. Total organic carbon and pH reduction was noteworthy, but N, P, and K availability, formation of stable humic acid C, fulvic acid C, and microbial biomass C substantially increased due to vermicomposting. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed a higher stability of vermicomposted JMW over the composted product. A significant decline in heavy metal concentration (Cr, Pb, Fe, and Zn) in the vermicomposted JMW further establishes the potential of vermicomposting with M. posthuma in successful conversion of the toxic JMW into valuable product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Das
- Soil & Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Priyanka Deka
- Soil & Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Linee Goswami
- Soil & Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Banashree Sahariah
- Soil & Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Nazneen Hussain
- Soil & Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Satya Sundar Bhattacharya
- Soil & Agro Bio-engineering Lab, Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India.
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Du Z, Zheng T, Wang P, Hao L, Wang Y. Fast microwave-assisted preparation of a low-cost and recyclable carboxyl modified lignocellulose-biomass jute fiber for enhanced heavy metal removal from water. Bioresour Technol 2016; 201:41-49. [PMID: 26630582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A low-cost and recyclable biosorbent derived from jute fiber was developed for high efficient adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) from water. The jute fiber was rapidly pretreated and grafted with metal binding groups (COOH) under microwave heating (MH). The adsorption behavior of carboxyl-modified jute fiber under MH treatment (CMJFMH) toward heavy metal ions followed Langmuir isotherm model (R(2)>0.99) with remarkably high adsorption capacity (157.21, 88.98 and 43.98mg/g for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II), respectively). Also, CMJFMH showed fast removal ability for heavy metals in a highly significant correlation with pseudo second-order kinetics model. Besides, CMJFMH can be easily regenerated with EDTA-2Na solution and reused up to at least four times with equivalent high adsorption capacity. Overall, cheap and abundant production, rapid and facile preparation, fast and efficient adsorption of heavy metals and high regeneration ability can make the CMJFMH a preferred biosorbent for heavy metal removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Du
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tong Zheng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Gao DW, Hu Q, Pan H, Jiang J, Wang P. High-capacity adsorption of aniline using surface modification of lignocellulose-biomass jute fibers. Bioresour Technol 2015; 193:507-512. [PMID: 26172392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) modified jute fiber (MJF) were prepared with microwave treatment to generate a biosorbent for aniline removal. The characterization of the biosorbent was investigated by SEM, BET and FT-IR analysis to discuss the adsorption mechanism. The studies of various factors influencing the adsorption behavior indicated that the optimum dosage for aniline adsorption was 3g/L, the maximum adsorption capacity was observed at pH 7.0 and the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. The aniline adsorption follows the pseudo second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, the biosorbent could be regenerated through the desorption of aniline by using 0.5M HCl solution, and the adsorption capacity after regeneration is even higher than that of virgin MJF. All these results prove MJF is a promising adsorbent for aniline removal in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wen Gao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Qi Hu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jiping Jiang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Chen Z, Hu M, Zhu X, Guo D, Liu S, Hu Z, Xiao B, Wang J, Laghari M. Characteristics and kinetic study on pyrolysis of five lignocellulosic biomass via thermogravimetric analysis. Bioresour Technol 2015; 192:441-50. [PMID: 26080101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic of five lignocellulosic biomass pine wood sawdust, fern (Dicranopteris linearis) stem, wheat stalk, sugarcane bagasse and jute (Corchorus capsularis) stick were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The pyrolysis of five lignocellulosic biomass could be divided into three stages, which correspond to the pyrolysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin, respectively. Single Gaussian activation energy distributions of each stage are 148.50-201.13 kJ/mol with standard deviations of 2.60-13.37 kJ/mol. The kinetic parameters of different stages were used as initial guess values for three-parallel-DAEM model calculation with good fitting quality and fast convergence rate. The mean activation energy ranges of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were 148.12-164.56 kJ/mol, 171.04-179.54 kJ/mol and 175.71-201.60 kJ/mol, with standard deviations of 3.91-9.89, 0.29-1.34 and 23.22-27.24 kJ/mol, respectively. The mass fractions of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin in lignocellulosic biomass were respectively estimated as 0.12-0.22, 0.54-0.65 and 0.17-0.29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Chen
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mian Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dabin Guo
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Bo Xiao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou, Hainan Province 571126, China
| | - Mahmood Laghari
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture Univeristy, Tandojam 70060, Sindh, Pakistan
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Ogunkunle CO, Ziyath AM, Adewumi FE, Fatoba PO. Bioaccumulation and associated dietary risks of Pb, Cd, and Zn in amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) and jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius) grown on soil irrigated using polluted water from Asa River, Nigeria. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:281. [PMID: 25899541 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dietary uptake of heavy metals through the consumption of vegetables grown on polluted soil can have serious human health implications. Thus, the study presented in this paper investigated the bioaccumulation and associated dietary risks of Pb, Zn, and Cd present in vegetables widely consumed in Nigeria, namely amaranth and jute mallow, grown on soil irrigated with polluted water from Asa River. The study found that the soil was polluted with Zn, Pb, and Cd with Pb and Cd being contributed by polluted river, while Zn was from geogenic sources. The metal concentration in amaranth and jute mallow varied in the order of Zn > Pb > Cd and Zn > Pb ≈ Cd, respectively. Jute mallow acts as an excluder plant for Pb, Cd, and Zn. Consequently, the metal concentrations in jute mallow were below the toxic threshold levels. Furthermore, non-cancer human health risk of consuming jute mallow from the study site was not significant. In contrast, the concentrations of Pb and Cd in amaranth were found to be above the recommended safe levels and to be posing human health risks. Therefore, further investigation was undertaken to identify the pathways of heavy metals to amaranth. The study found that the primary uptake pathway of Pb and Cd by amaranth is foliar route, while root uptake is the predominant pathway of Zn in amaranth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Oluseye Ogunkunle
- Department of Plant Biology, Plant Diversity and Environmental Biology Unit, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria,
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Afzal S, Chaudhary BA, Ahmad A, Afzali K. PRELIMIARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF ZALEYA PENTANDRA AND CORCHORUS DEPRESSUS LINN. Acta Pol Pharm 2015; 72:329-334. [PMID: 26642683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Zaleya pentandra (Zp) and Cochoms depressus Linn. (Cd) have been considered as herbs with potential therapeutic benefits. Zp and Cd belong to the important family Aizoaceae and Tiliaceae, respectively. The extractions were carried out successively with methanol and dichloromethane at room temperature for 24 h. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Zp and Cd revealed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, saponins, and anthraquinones. The methanolic and dichloromethane extracts of selected plants were subjected to examination of antifungal activity by using agar tube dilution. The extracts were tested against different fungi such as A. nigeir, A. flavus, F. solani, A. funigatis and Mucor. The dichloromethane extract of aerial parts of Cd showed high antifungal activity against A. niger as compared to all other tested extracts.
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Mallick S, Pal BC, Kumar D, Chatterjee N, Das S, Saha KD. Effect of corchorusin-D, a saikosaponin like compound, on B16F10 melanoma cells (in vitro and in vivo). J Asian Nat Prod Res 2013; 15:1197-1203. [PMID: 24215510 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.837451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Corchorusin-D (COR-D), isolated from Corchorus acutangulus, was reported to induce apoptosis in leukemic cells. However, no studies concerning its activity on melanoma cells have been reported. We have evaluated its in vitro anti-cancer activity on melanoma cells (B16F10, SK-MEL-28, and A375). The results demonstrate that COR-D showed maximum inhibition of B16F10 cells in vitro. COR-D induced mitochondrial dysfunction and altered the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio with down regulation of pro-caspases 9 and activation of caspase 3 in B16F10 cells, triggering intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Moreover, it inhibited the in vivo B16F10 tumor growth and increased the survival rate of mice. Greater number of Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI)-positive tumor cells signified that COR-D induced apoptosis in vivo also. The reduction in tumor growth is well correlated with decreased microvascular density of the tumor cells in treated mice. In conclusion, this study reveals that COR-D-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is responsible for the induction of apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Mallick
- a Cancer & Cell Biology Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 , India
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Dewanjee S, Gangopadhyay M, Sahu R, Karmakar S. Cadmium induced pathophysiology: prophylactic role of edible jute (Corchorus olitorius) leaves with special emphasis on oxidative stress and mitochondrial involvement. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:188-98. [PMID: 23891759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius leaves (AECO) against CdCl₂ intoxication. In vitro bioassay on isolated mice hepatocytes confirmed dose dependent cytoprotective effect of AECO. The CdCl₂ (30 μM) exhibited a significantly increased levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation along with the reduction of antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione levels in hepatocytes. AECO (200 and 400 μg/ml) + CdCl₂ (30 μM) could significantly restore the aforementioned oxidation parameters in hepatocytes. Beside this, AECO could significantly reduce Cd-induced increase in Bad/Bcl-2 ratio and the over-expression of NF-κB, caspase 3 and caspase 9. In in vivo assay, CdCl₂ (4 mg/kg body weight, for 6 days) treated rats exhibited a significantly increased intracellular Cd accumulation, oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation in the organs. In addition, the haematological parameters were significantly altered in the CdCl₂ treated rats. Simultaneous administration of AECO (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight), could significantly restore the biochemical, antioxidant and haematological parameters near to the normal status. Histological studies of the organs supported the protective role of jute leaves. Presence of substantial quantity of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in extract may be responsible for overall protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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İşeri ÖD, Yurtcu E, Sahin FI, Haberal M. Corchorus olitorius (jute) extract induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on human multiple myeloma cells (ARH-77). Pharm Biol 2013; 51:766-770. [PMID: 23577798 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.765897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Corchorus olitorius L. (Malvaceae) has industrial importance in world jute production and is a widely cultivated and consumed crop in Cyprus and in some Arabic countries. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of leaf extracts (LE) and seed extracts (SE) of the C. olitorius on the multiple myeloma-derived ARH-77 cells. The extracts were also evaluated for their total phenol content (TPC) and free radical scavenging activity (FRSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS C. olitorius was collected from Nicosia, Cyprus. TPC and FRSA were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH free radical methods, respectively. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT assay (4-2048 µg/mL range), and DNA damage (at IC50 and ½IC50) was measured by the comet assay. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The LE had significantly higher total phenol (78 mg GAE/g extract) than the SE (2 mg GAE/g extract) with significantly higher FRSA (IC50 LE: 23 µg/mL and IC50 SE: 10 401 µg/mL). Both LE and SE exerted cytotoxic effects on cells after 48 h. The IC50 of SE (17 µg/mL) was lower than LE (151 µg/mL), which demonstrates its higher cytotoxicity on cells. The extracts were applied at 150 and 75 µg/mL for LE and at 17 and 8.5 µg/mL for SE, and the results of the comet assay revealed that the extracts induced genotoxic damage on ARH-77 cells. In both 48 h leaf and seed extract treatments, genotoxic damage significantly increased with increasing concentrations at relevant cytotoxic concentrations. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the high cytotoxic potential of C. olitorius SE and the genotoxic potential of LE and SE.
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Saha P, Manna S, Chowdhury SR, Sen R, Roy D, Adhikari B. Enhancement of tensile strength of lignocellulosic jute fibers by alkali-steam treatment. Bioresour Technol 2010; 101:3182-3187. [PMID: 20074944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The physico-chemical properties of jute fibers treated with alkali (NaOH) solution have been investigated in this study. The treatments were applied under ambient and elevated temperatures and high pressure steaming conditions. To the knowledge of these authors the influence of alkali-steam treatment on the uniaxial tensile strength of natural ligno-cellulosic fibers, such as jute, has not been investigated earlier. The results from this investigation indicate that a 30 min dipping of the fibers in 0.5% alkali solution followed by 30 min alkali-steam treatment leads to an increase in the tensile strength of up to 65%. The increase appears to be due to fiber separation and removal of non-cellulosic materials, which, in turn, resulted in an increased crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosenjit Saha
- Materials Science Centre, IIT Kharagpur, WB 721302, India
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Mallick S, Ghosh P, Samanta SK, Kinra S, Pal BC, Gomes A, Vedasiromoni JR. Corchorusin-D, a saikosaponin-like compound isolated from Corchorus acutangulus Lam., targets mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in leukemic cell lines (HL-60 and U937). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 66:709-19. [PMID: 20033811 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The presence of triterpene saponins in Corchorus acutangulus Lam. has been reported. However, no studies concerning biological activity of the plant extracts have been done so far. In the present study, the anti-leukemic activity of the methanol extract of aerial parts (ME) of C. acutangulus has been investigated, and efforts have been made to identify the active ingredient responsible for this activity. METHODS The anti-leukemic activity of ME, its fractions and corchorusin-D (COR-D), the active ingredient, was investigated in leukemic cell lines U937 and HL-60 using cell viability and MTT assays. The molecular pathways leading to the activity of COR-D were examined by confocal microscopy, flow-cytometry, caspase and Western blot assays. RESULTS ME, its n-butanolic fraction and COR-D inhibited cell growth and produced significant cytotoxicity in leukemic cell lines U937 and HL-60. COR-D produced apoptotic cell death via mitochondrial disfunction and was found to pursue the intrinsic pathway by inciting the release of apoptosis-inducing factors (AIFs) from mitochondria. COR-D-induced translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria facilitating caspase-9 activation and up regulation of downstream pathways leading to caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage, which resulted in the subsequent accumulation of cells in the sub-G0 phase followed by DNA fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS COR-D possesses significant anti-leukemic activity in U937 and HL-60 cell lines by acting on the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Since the necrotic body formation is low after COR-D treatment, the occurrence of inflammation in in vivo systems could be reduced, which represents a positive indication in view of therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Mallick
- Drug Development Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology [Unit of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, India], 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, India
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del Río JC, Rencoret J, Marques G, Li J, Gellerstedt G, Jiménez-Barbero J, Martínez AT, Gutiérrez A. Structural characterization of the lignin from jute (Corchorus capsularis) fibers. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:10271-81. [PMID: 19817367 DOI: 10.1021/jf900815x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The structural characteristics of the lignin from jute (Corchorus capsularis ) fibers, which are used for high-quality paper pulp production, were studied. The lignin content (13.3% Klason lignin) was high compared to other nonwoody bast fibers used for pulp production. The lignin structure was characterized by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), 2D-NMR, and thioacidolysis. Upon Py-GC/MS, jute fibers released predominantly products from syringylpropanoid units with the S/G ratio being 2.1 and a H/G/S composition of 2:33:65. 2D-NMR of the milled wood lignin (MWL) isolated from jute fibers showed a predominance of beta-O-4' aryl ether linkages (72% of total side chains), followed by beta-beta' resinol-type linkages (16% of total side chains) and lower amounts of beta-5' phenylcoumaran (4%) and beta-1' spirodienone-type (4%) linkages and cinnamyl end groups (4%). The high predominance of the S-lignin units, together with the high proportion of beta-O-4' aryl ether linkages, which are easily cleaved during alkaline cooking, are advantageous for pulping. On the other hand, a small percentage (ca. 4%) of the lignin side chain was found to be acetylated at the gamma-carbon, predominantly over syringyl units. The analysis of desulphurated thioacidolysis dimers provided additional information on the relative abundances of the various carbon-carbon and diaryl ether bonds and the type of units (syringyl or guaiacyl) involved in each of the above linkage types. Interestingly, the major part of the beta-beta' dimers included two syringyl units, indicating that most of the beta-beta' substructures identified in the HSQC spectra were of the syringaresinol type (pinoresinol being absent), as already observed in the lignin of other angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C del Río
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, CSIC, PO Box 1052, E-41080 Seville, Spain.
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Das AK, Bag S, Sahu R, Dua TK, Sinha MK, Gangopadhyay M, Zaman K, Dewanjee S. Protective effect of Corchorus olitorius leaves on sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in experimental rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 48:326-35. [PMID: 19852998 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius leaves (AECO) against sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in experimental rats. The animals exposed to sodium arsenite at a dose of 10mg/kg body weight p.o. for 10days exhibited a significant inhibition (p<0.01) of hepatic and renal antioxidant enzymes namely superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. In addition, arsenic intoxication significantly decreased (p<0.01) the level of reduced glutathione and increased (p<0.01) the levels of oxidized glutathione and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in selected tissues. Treatment with AECO at doses of 50 and 100mg/kg body weight p.o. for 15days prior to arsenic intoxication significantly improved hepatic and renal antioxidant markers in a dose dependant manner. AECO treatment also significantly reduced the arsenic-induced DNA fragmentation of hepatic and renal tissues. Histological studies on the ultrastructural changes of liver and kidney supported the protective activity of the AECO. The results concluded that the treatment with AECO prior to arsenic intoxication has significant role in protecting animals from arsenic-induced hepatic and renal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup K Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India
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Asadullah M, Anisur Rahman M, Mohsin Ali M, Abdul Motin M, Borhanus Sultan M, Robiul Alam M, Sahedur Rahman M. Jute stick pyrolysis for bio-oil production in fluidized bed reactor. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:44-50. [PMID: 17267214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of jute stick for bio-oil production has been investigated in a continuous feeding fluidized bed reactor at different temperatures ranging from 300 degrees C to 600 degrees C. At 500 degrees C, the yields of bio-oil, char and non-condensable gas were 66.70 wt%, 22.60 wt% and 10.70 wt%, respectively based on jute stick. The carbon based non-condensable gas was the mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, ethene, propane and propene. The density and viscosity of bio-oil were found to be 1.11 g/mL and 2.34 cP, respectively. The lower heating value (LHV) of bio-oil was found to be 18.2 5 MJ/kg. Since bio-oil contains some organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, etc., the pH and acid value of the bio-oil were found to be around 4 and 135 mg KOH/g, respectively. The water, lignin, solid and ash contents of bio-oil were determined and found to be around 15 wt%, 4.90 wt%, 0.02 wt% and 0.10 wt%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asadullah
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
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Abstract
In the present study, ethanolic extracts of some tropical vegetables were investigated for their hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. CCl4 at a dose of 0.5 mL/kg of body weight produced liver damage in rats as manifested by the rise in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total protein in serum (40.60 +/- 3.50 IU/L, 80.60 +/- 5.10 IU/L, and 73.20 +/- 1.87 g/L, respectively) and in liver homogenate (1,300.00 +/- 7.38 IU/L, 1,660.00 +/- 13.69 IU/L, and 250.00 +/- 7.51 g/L, respectively) compared to the control. The extracts at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight were administered to the CCl4-treated rats. The vegetables at a dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight produced a significant hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the serum levels of ALT, AST, and total protein to values in the range of 11.21 +/- 1.90-16.22 +/- 1.00 IU/L, 29.00 +/- 2.70-48.00 +/- 2.10 IU/L, and 62.10 +/- 2.40-70.13 +/- 2.00 g/L and at a dose of 500 mg/kg of body weight to 13.00 +/- 1.20-21.00 +/- 1.30 IU/L, 40.00 +/- 2.5-59.00 +/- 2.20 IU/L, and 68.00 +/- 2.40-72.00 +/- 2.10 g/L, respectively. Similar results were obtained for liver homogenate levels of ALT, AST, and total protein with decreasing values compared with the CCl4-treated rats: 900.00 +/- 3.05-1,020.00 +/- 4.25 IU/L, 1,150.00 +/- 5.57-1,530.00 +/- 4.99 IU/L, and 150.00 +/- 3.12-185.00 +/- 3.00 g/L and 900.00 +/- 3.05-1,030.00 +/- 8.80 IU/L, 1,400.00 +/- 6.95-1,530.00 +/- 8.50 IU/L, and 165.0 +/- 5.50-210.00 +/- 4.41 g/L, respectively, at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of the extracts on lipid peroxidation, measured as malondialdehyde (MDA), was estimated on the liver homogenate. A significant hepatoprotective effect was also noticed with a decreased value of the MDA levels: 46.00 +/- 0.08-52.00 +/- 0.06 and 47.00 +/- 0.07-60.00 +/- 0.10 nmol of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances/g of liver protein at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. It could be concluded that all the evaluated vegetables exhibit good hepatoprotective activities, though to varying degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Salawu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
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Zakaria ZA, Sulaiman MR, Gopalan HK, Abdul Ghani ZDF, Raden Mohd Nor RNS, Mat Jais AM, Abdullah FC. Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Corchorus capsularis Leaves Chloroform Extract in Experimental Animal Models. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2007; 127:359-65. [PMID: 17268156 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.127.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Corchorus capsularis leaves chloroform extract were investigated in experimental animal models. The antinociceptive activity was measured using the writhing, hot plate and formalin tests, while the anti-inflammatory activity was measured using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. The extract, obtained after 72 h soaking of the air-dried leaves in chloroform followed by in vacuo evaporation to dryness, was weighed and prepared by serial dilution in DMSO in the doses of 20, 100 and 200 mg/kg. The extract was administered (s.c.) 30 min prior to subjection to the respective assays. The extract was found to exhibit significant (p < 0.05) antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. As a conclusion, the present study confirmed the traditional claims of using C. capsularis to treat various ailments related to inflammation and pain.
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Senthilkumaar S, Kalaamani P, Porkodi K, Varadarajan PR, Subburaam CV. Adsorption of dissolved Reactive red dye from aqueous phase onto activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste. Bioresour Technol 2006; 97:1618-25. [PMID: 16182523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Revised: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of Reactive red dye (RR) onto Coconut tree flower carbon (CFC) and Jute fibre carbon (JFC) from aqueous solution was investigated. Adsorption studies were carried out at different initial dye concentrations, initial solution pH and adsorbent doses. The kinetic studies were also conducted; the adsorption of Reactive red onto CFC and JFC followed pseudosecond-order rate equation. The effective diffusion coefficient was evaluated to establish the film diffusion mechanism. Quantitative removal of Reactive red dye was achieved at strongly acidic conditions for both the carbons studied. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption capacity were found to be 181.9 and 200 mg/g for CFC and JFC, respectively. The overall rate of dye adsorption appeared to be controlled by chemisorption, in this case in accordance with poor desorption studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Senthilkumaar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641 004, India.
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Shukla SR, Pai RS. Adsorption of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) on modified jute fibres. Bioresour Technol 2005; 96:1430-8. [PMID: 15939269 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2004.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2004] [Revised: 12/04/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The potential of a lignocellulosic fibre, jute, was assessed for adsorption of heavy metal ions like Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) from their aqueous solutions. The fibre was also used as adsorbent after chemically modifying it by two different techniques viz, loading of a dye with specific structure, C.I. Reactive Orange 13, and oxidising with hydrogen peroxide. Both the modified jute fibres gave higher metal ion adsorption. Thus, the dye loaded jute fibres showed metal ion uptake values of 8.4, 5.26 and 5.95 mg/g for Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II), respectively, while the corresponding values for oxidised jute fibres were 7.73, 5.57 and 8.02 mg/g, as against 4.23, 3.37 and 3.55 mg/g for unmodified jute fibres. Adsorption isotherm models indicated best fit for Langmuir model for the modified jute fibres. The adsorption values decreased with lowering of pH. The desorption efficiency, regenerative and reuse capacity of these adsorbents were also assessed for three successive adsorption-desorption cycles. The adsorptive capacity was retained only when the caustic soda regeneration is carried out as an intermediate step after desorption. Possible mechanism has been given.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Shukla
- Department of Fibres and Textile Processing Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, India.
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Zakaria ZA, Safarul M, Valsala R, Sulaiman MR, Fatimah CA, Somchit MN, Mat Jais AM. The influences of temperature and naloxone on the antinociceptive activity of Corchorus olitorius L. in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2005; 372:55-62. [PMID: 16133487 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-005-1089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 07/31/2005] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of preliminary studies was carried out to evaluate the antinociceptive (pain relief) activity of the aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius L. leaves (COAE) and to determine the influence of temperature and opioid receptors on COAE activity using the abdominal constriction and hot plate tests in mice. COAE, at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, showed both peripheral and central antinociception that are non-concentration- and concentration-dependent respectively. The peripheral activity was clearly observed at a concentration of 25% and diminished at a concentration of 100%, while the central activity was observed at all the concentrations of COAE used. Furthermore, the insignificant results obtained indicated that this peripheral activity (at concentrations of 25 and 50%) was comparable to that of morphine (0.8 mg/kg). Pre-heating COAE at a temperature of 80 degrees C and 100 degrees C, or 60 degrees C and 80 degrees C was found to enhance its peripheral and central antinociception respectively. Pre-treatment with naloxone (10 mg/kg), a general opioid receptor antagonist, for 5 min, followed by COAE, was found to completely block its peripheral, but not central, antinociceptive activity. Based on this observation, we conclude that the antinociceptive activity exhibited by C. olitorius is enhanced by the increase in temperature and may be mediated peripherally, but not centrally, at least in part, via an opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Zakaria
- School of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Universiti Industri Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A7/A, Seksyen 7, 40000, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Nishiumi S, Yabushita Y, Fukuda I, Mukai R, Yoshida KI, Ashida H. Molokhia (Corchorus olitorius L.) extract suppresses transformation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor induced by dioxins. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 44:250-60. [PMID: 16115717 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Revised: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dioxins enter the body mainly through diet and cause the various toxicological effects by binding to the cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) followed by its transformation. In recent reports, it has been shown that certain natural compounds suppress AhR transformation in vitro. In this study, we demonstrated that ethanolic extract from molokhia, known as Egyptian spinach, showed the strongest suppressive effect on AhR transformation induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in cell-free system using rat hepatic cytosol among 41 kinds of extracts from vegetables and fruits. The molokhia extract also suppressed TCDD-induced AhR transformation in mouse hepatoma Hepa-1c1c7 cells and in intestinal permeability system constructed with human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells and human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Moreover, oral administration of the molokhia extract (100mg/kg body weight) decreased 3-methylcholanthrene-induced AhR transformation to the control level by inhibiting translocation of the AhR from cytosol into the nucleus in the liver of rats. The molokhia extract-administered rat liver showed a tolerance to TCDD-induced AhR transformation by ex vivo experiment. These results indicate that molokhia is an attractive food for isolation and identification of a natural antagonist for the AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nishiumi
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Senthilkumaar S, Varadarajan PR, Porkodi K, Subbhuraam CV. Adsorption of methylene blue onto jute fiber carbon: kinetics and equilibrium studies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 284:78-82. [PMID: 15752787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Jute fiber obtained from the stem of a plant was used to prepare activated carbon using phosphoric acid. Feasibility of employing this jute fiber activated carbon (JFC) for the removal of Methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was investigated. The adsorption of MB on JFC has found to dependent on contact time, MB concentration and pH. Experimental result follows Langmuir isotherm model and the capacity was found to be 225.64 mg/g. The optimum pH for the MB removal was found to be 5-10. The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations have been analyzed using a pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order equation, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich equation. Among the kinetic models studied, the intraparticle diffusion was the best applicable model to describe the adsorption of MB onto JFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Senthilkumaar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641 004, India.
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Innami S, Ishida H, Nakamura K, Kondo M, Tabata K, Koguchi T, Shimizu J, Furusho T. Jew's Mellow Leaves (Corchorus olitorius) Suppress Elevation of Postprandial Blood Glucose Levels in Rats and Humans. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2005; 75:39-46. [PMID: 15830920 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.75.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study was performed to explore the suppressive effect of Jew's mellow leaves (JML) on postprandial blood glucose levels in rats and humans. A soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was extracted from the freeze-dried JML powder. An elevation of the postprandial blood glucose level in rats given 1% or 2% JML-SDF solution orally together with 20% glucose solution was significantly suppressed as compared with that observed in the control rats given only glucose solution. When seven healthy young male adults ingested 225 mL of JML mixed juice containing 15 g of freeze-dried powder with 75 g of glucose in the fasting state in the morning, the elevation of the postprandial blood glucose level was significantly suppressed as compared with the control subjects. The diffusion rate of glucose and the permeation rate of glucose in the cultured Caco-2 cells were both significantly reduced by the addition of appropriate amounts of JML-SDF when compared to the controls. These results indicate that the effective substance in JML for suppressing blood glucose elevation is a kind of mucilaginous SDF. The mechanism by which this suppression occurs may be largely attributable to the delayed absorption of glucose from the intestinal membrane in the upper digestive tract by viscous SDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Innami
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Zeghichi S, Kallithraka S, Simopoulos AP. Nutritional composition of molokhia (Corchorus olitorius) and stamnagathi (Cichorium spinosum). World Rev Nutr Diet 2003; 91:1-21. [PMID: 12747085 DOI: 10.1159/000069924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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Mazumder UK, Gupta M, Pal D, Bhattacharya S. Chemical and toxicological evaluation of methanol extract of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. stem and Corchorus olitorius Linn. seed on hematological parameters and hepatorenal functions in mice. Acta Pol Pharm 2003; 60:317-23. [PMID: 14714862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Methanol extract of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. stem (MECR) contain flavonoids (0.2%) and Corchorus olitorius Linn. seed (MECO) was found to contain steroids and cardenolide glycosides. Effects of multiple weekly dose of MECR (25, 50, 75 mg/kg, i.p.) and MECO (15, 20, 25 mg/kg, i.p.) on liver and kidney functions and hematological parameters in mice were studied. No significant alteration of RBC count and hemoglobin content was observed in all dose level of treatment in MECR and MECO treated mice whereas significant increase of clotting time was seen in moderate and high doses in both case. MECR and MECO both caused significant increase in WBC count only in high dose level of treatment. Both the extracts in medium and high dose level increased SGOT, SGPT, NPN and plasma cholesterol significantly. Serum alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin were also increased by both moderate and high dose level of treatments in MECR and MECO treated mice respectively. Low dose of both the extract did not exhibit any significant change of creatinine and serum protein level. But high dose level of MECR and MECO significantly increased creatinine level. Increase in plasma cholesterol may be due to decrease in cholesterol catabolism owing to liver dysfunction of due to the intake of MECO itself as it was found to be steroid in nature. Elevated level of SGOT, SGPT and serum alkaline phosphatase activity in moderate and high dose level of weekly treated mice may be due to improper liver function following the treatment. Increased urea, non protein nitrogen and creatinine content in blood have been observed with impaired renal function. The slightly higher toxicity in case of MECO treated mice may be due to the presence of cardenolide glycosides in the ME of C. olitorius seed. However, low doses of MECR and MECO (25 and 15 mg/kg, i.p. respectively) did not exhibit any remarkable change on liver and kidney functions and hematological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upal Kanti Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, West Bengal, India
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Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Pal DK, Bhattacharya S. Anti-steroidogenic activity of methanolic extract of Cuscuta reflexa roxb. stem and Corchorus olitorius Linn. seed in mouse ovary. Indian J Exp Biol 2003; 41:641-4. [PMID: 15266914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Methanolic extract (ME) of both C. reflexa stem and C. olitorius seed arrested the normal oestrus cycle of adult female mouse and significantly decreased the weight of ovaries and uterus. The cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents in ovaries were significantly increased in the treated mice. Two key enzymes, delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were decreased significantly in ME of both C. reflexa stem and C. olitorius seed after 17 days of treatment. High level of substrates and low level of enzymes indicate the inhibition of steroidogenesis in treated mice and may be due to the presence of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Pal D, Bhattacharya S, Chakrabarty S. Studies on brain biogenic amines in methanolic extract of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. and Corchorus olitorius Linn. seed treated mice. Acta Pol Pharm 2003; 60:207-10. [PMID: 14556490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The methanolic extract of both Cuscuta reflexa stem and Corchorus olitorius seed showed marked protection against convulsion induced by chemoconvulsive agents in mice. The catecholamines contained were significantly increased in the processed extract treated mice. The amount of GABA, which is most likely to be involved in seizure activity, was increased significantly in mice brain after a six week treatment. Results of the present study revealed that both the processed extracts showed a significant anticonvulsive property by altering the level of catecholamines and brain amino acids in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malaya Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, India
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