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Zhang C, Du Q, Zhou X, Qu T, Liu Y, Ma K, Shen Z, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Zhang R. Differential expression and analysis of extrachromosomal circular DNAs as serum biomarkers in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Res 2024; 25:181. [PMID: 38664836 PMCID: PMC11046951 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) have been reported to play a key role in the occurrence and development of various diseases. However, the characterization and role of eccDNAs in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remain unclear. METHODS In the discovery cohort, we first explored eccDNA expression profiles by Circle-sequencing analysis. The candidate eccDNAs were validated by routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR), TOPO-TA cloning and Sanger sequencing. In the validation cohort, 30 patients with PAH and 10 healthy controls were recruited for qPCR amplification to detect the candidate eccDNAs. Datas at the baseline were collected, including clinical background, biochemical variables, echocardiography and hemodynamic factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to investigate the diagnostic effect of the eccDNA. RESULTS We identified a total of 21,741 eccDNAs in plasma samples of 3 IPAH patients and 3 individuals in good health, and the expression frequency, GC content, length distribution, and genome distribution of the eccDNAs were thoroughly characterized and analyzed. In the validation cohort, 687 eccDNAs were differentially expressed in patients with IPAH compared with healthy controls (screening threshold: |FC|≥2 and P < 0.05). Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the specific eccDNAs in IPAH were significantly enriched in calcium channel activity, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and the wnt signaling pathway. Verification queue found that the expression of eccDNA-chr2:131208878-131,424,362 in PAH was considerably higher than that in healthy controls and exhibited a high level of accuracy in predicting PAH with a sensitivity of 86.67% and a specificity of 90%. Furthermore, correlation analysis disclosed a significant association between serum eccDNA-chr2:131208878-131,424,362 and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (r = 0.396, P = 0.03), 6 min walking distance (6MWD) (r = -0.399, P = 0.029), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (r = 0.685, P < 0.001) and cardiac index (CI) (r = - 0.419, P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to identify and characterize eccDNAs in patients with PAH. We revealed that serum eccDNA-chr2:131208878-131,424,362 is significantly overexpressed and can be used in the diagnosis of PAH, indicating its potential as a novel non-invasive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Qu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziling Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaikui Zhang
- Center of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210000, People's Republic of China.
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Deng E, Fan X. Categorizing Extrachromosomal Circular DNA as Biomarkers in Serum of Cancer. Biomolecules 2024; 14:488. [PMID: 38672504 PMCID: PMC11048305 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), a double-stranded circular DNA molecule found in multiple organisms, has garnered an increasing amount of attention in recent years due to its close association with the initiation, malignant progression, and heterogeneous evolution of cancer. The presence of eccDNA in serum assists in non-invasive tumor diagnosis as a biomarker that can be assessed via liquid biopsies. Furthermore, the specific expression patterns of eccDNA provide new insights into personalized cancer therapy. EccDNA plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, development, diagnosis, and treatment. In this review, we comprehensively outline the research trajectory of eccDNA, discuss its role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and elucidate its regulatory mechanisms in cancer. In particular, we emphasize the potential application value of eccDNA in cancer diagnosis and treatment and anticipate the development of novel tumor diagnosis strategies based on serum eccDNA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enze Deng
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Xiaoying Fan
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, China
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510005, China
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Xu G, Shi W, Ling L, Li C, Shao F, Chen J, Wang Y. Differential expression and analysis of extrachromosomal circular DNAs as serum biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24425. [PMID: 35441736 PMCID: PMC9169211 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) increase the number of proto‐oncogenes by enhancing oncogene expression to promote tumorigenesis. However, there are limited reports on differential eccDNA expression and analysis in lung cancer, especially in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD). Methods Three LAD and three corresponding NT tissues samples were used for eccDNA next‐generation sequencing analysis, and an additional 20 were used for quantitative PCR (qPCR) evaluations. We further performed qPCR amplification using serum samples from LAD patients and healthy medical examiners. Results eccDNAs from LAD samples were mainly 200–1000 bp in length. Gene annotation analysis revealed that most eccDNAs were derived from chromosomes 1 and 2. The top‐ten increased and top‐ten decreased eccDNAs in LAD tissues were CircD‐ARPC1B, CircD‐ARPC1A, CircD‐FAM49B, CircD‐SDK1, CircD‐KCNG1, CircD‐POLR2F, CircD‐SS18L1, CircD‐SLC16A3, CircD‐CSNK1D, CircD‐KCTD1, and CircD‐TMIGD2, CircD‐PDIA5, CircD‐VAV2, CircD‐GATAD2A, CircD‐CAB39L, CircD‐KHDC1, CircD‐FOXN3, CircD‐SULT2B1, CircD‐DPP9, and CircD‐CSNK1D. qPCR demonstrated that the expression of CircD‐DZRN3 was higher in LAD tissues than in normal lung tissues, whereas CircD‐LGR6 and CircD‐UMODL1 expression levels were lower in LAD than in normal lung tissues. Furthermore, the serum CircD‐PDZRN3 level increased, while CircD‐LGR6 decreased in LAD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that area under curve (AUC) of serum CircD‐PDZRN3 (0.991), CircD‐LGR6 (0.916) was higher than that of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (0.825), CY211 (cytokeratin 19 fragment) (0.842), SCCA(squamous cell carcinoma antigen) (0.857) for the diagnosis of LAD. Conclusions Our study first showed that several eccDNAs were aberrantly expressed in LAD, among which CircD‐PDZRN3 and CircD‐LGR6 clearly distinguished LAD patients from healthy controls, indicating their potential as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Liqun Ling
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Changhong Li
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Fanggui Shao
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of ICUThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yumin Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, Fujiyama S, Kawamura Y, Sezaki H, Akuta N, Kobayashi M, Suzuki Y, Saitoh S, Arase Y, Ikeda K, Kumada H. Ultrasensitive Assay for Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen Predicts Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidences During Entecavir. Hepatol Commun 2021; 6:36-49. [PMID: 34532993 PMCID: PMC8710789 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) and surface antigen (HBsAg) are surrogate markers of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA. The measurement range of the current HBcrAg assay is relatively narrow. Thus, we examined the potential of HBcrAg and HBsAg measured by ultrasensitive assays for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with entecavir (ETV). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 180 patients who received ETV for >1 year. All patients had hepatitis B e‐antigen negativity at baseline. Serum HBcrAg and HBsAg levels at baseline and year 1 were measured in all patients by ultrasensitive assays using immunoassay for total antigen including complex by pretreatment (iTACT) technology. During the median follow‐up of 11.0 years, 22 patients developed HCC (11.8/1,000 person‐years). Baseline HBsAg levels were not associated with HCC development during ETV treatment. However, high HBcrAg levels at baseline and at year 1 were significantly associated with HCC development (log‐rank test; P < 0.001). In 110 patients (61.1%) with ≥4.0 log U/mL at baseline (high HBcrAg cohort), HBcrAg declined to ≤2.9 log U/mL at year 1 in 25 patients (22.7%). The adjusted hazard ratio for HCC incidence was significantly lower in patients with HBcrAg ≤2.9 log U/mL at year 1 than in those in the high HBcrAg cohort. Conclusion: Measurement of HBcrAg by ultrasensitive assay has better potential for predicting HCC during antiviral treatment than the current HBcrAg assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hitomi Sezaki
- Department of HepatologyToranomon HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Norio Akuta
- Department of HepatologyToranomon HospitalTokyoJapan
| | | | | | | | - Yasuji Arase
- Department of HepatologyToranomon HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Ikeda
- Department of HepatologyToranomon HospitalTokyoJapan
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Pan J, Xu J, Luo H, Tan N, Kang Q, Chen H, Cheng R, Han Y, Yang Y, Xu X. Factors and virological significance of hepatitis B virus pregenomic RNA status after 5 years of antiviral therapy. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 105:418-423. [PMID: 33676002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the factors and virological significance of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) status after long-term antiviral therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS In total, 51 treatment-naïve patients with CHB were included in the study. Clinical data were collected at baseline, during 5 years and at year 10 of NA treatment. Serum HBV pgRNA status of 51 patients was determined at year 5. RESULTS At year 5, 45% of the patients remained positive for HBV pgRNA. There were significant differences in baseline hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status, HBV DNA load and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels between patients testing positive and negative for HBV pgRNA at year 5. Serum HBV pgRNA status and serum HBV DNA load were correlated after 5 years of NA treatment (r = 0.347, P = 0.013). Being HBV pgRNA positive at year 5 was an independent risk factor for sustainedly undetectable HBV DNA after 10 years of NA treatment (odds ratio 13.638, 95% confidence interval 1.32-140.81; P = 0.028). Furthermore, HBV pgRNA status at year 5 was associated with HBV DNA re-appearance at year 10 (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS HBV pgRNA status at year 5 can reveal HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) activity, and HBV pgRNA positivity after long-term antiviral therapy may indicate higher transcriptional activity of HBV cccDNA. Long-term dynamic monitoring of HBV pgRNA should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghang Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Kwok JSY, Cheung SKF, Ho JCY, Tang IWH, Chu PWK, Leung EYS, Lee PPW, Cheuk DKL, Lee V, Ip P, Lau YL. Establishing Simultaneous T Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TREC) and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles (KREC) Quantification Assays and Laboratory Reference Intervals in Healthy Individuals of Different Age Groups in Hong Kong. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1411. [PMID: 32765500 PMCID: PMC7378446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical experience gathered throughout the years has raised awareness of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDD). T cell receptor excision circles (TREC) and kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KREC) assays for thymic and bone marrow outputs measurement have been widely implemented in newborn screening (NBS) programs for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. The potential applications of combined TREC and KREC assay in PIDD diagnosis and immune reconstitution monitoring in non-neonatal patients have been suggested. Given that ethnicity, gender, and age can contribute to variations in immunity, defining the reference intervals of TREC and KREC levels in the local population is crucial for setting up cut-offs for PIDD diagnosis. In this retrospective study, 479 healthy Chinese sibling donors (240 males and 239 females; age range: 1 month-74 years) from Hong Kong were tested for TREC and KREC levels using a simultaneous quantitative real-time PCR assay. Age-specific 5th-95th percentile reference intervals of TREC and KREC levels (expressed in copies per μL blood and copies per 106 cells) were established in both pediatric and adult age groups. Significant inverse correlations between age and both TREC and KREC levels were observed in the pediatric age group. A significant higher KREC level was observed in females than males after 9-12 years of age but not for TREC. Low TREC or KREC levels were detected in patients diagnosed with mild or severe PIDD. This assay with the established local reference intervals would allow accurate diagnosis of PIDD, and potentially monitoring immune reconstitution following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation or highly active anti-retroviral therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette S. Y. Kwok
- Division of Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen K. F. Cheung
- Division of Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jenny C. Y. Ho
- Division of Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ivan W. H. Tang
- Division of Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick W. K. Chu
- Division of Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Y. S. Leung
- Division of Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Pamela P. W. Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel K. L. Cheuk
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y. L. Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Strand J, Gul KA, Erichsen HC, Lundman E, Berge MC, Trømborg AK, Sørgjerd LK, Ytre-Arne M, Hogner S, Halsne R, Gaup HJ, Osnes LT, Kro GAB, Sorte HS, Mørkrid L, Rowe AD, Tangeraas T, Jørgensen JV, Alme C, Bjørndalen TEH, Rønnestad AE, Lang AM, Rootwelt T, Buechner J, Øverland T, Abrahamsen TG, Pettersen RD, Stray-Pedersen A. Second-Tier Next Generation Sequencing Integrated in Nationwide Newborn Screening Provides Rapid Molecular Diagnostics of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1417. [PMID: 32754152 PMCID: PMC7381310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and other T cell lymphopenias can be detected during newborn screening (NBS) by measuring T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) in dried blood spot (DBS) DNA. Second tier next generation sequencing (NGS) with an amplicon based targeted gene panel using the same DBS DNA was introduced as part of our prospective pilot research project in 2015. With written parental consent, 21 000 newborns were TREC-tested in the pilot. Three newborns were identified with SCID, and disease-causing variants in IL2RG, RAG2, and RMRP were confirmed by NGS on the initial DBS DNA. The molecular findings directed follow-up and therapy: the IL2RG-SCID underwent early hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) without any complications; the leaky RAG2-SCID received prophylactic antibiotics, antifungals, and immunoglobulin infusions, and underwent HSCT at 1 year of age. The child with RMRP-SCID had complete Hirschsprung disease and died at 1 month of age. Since January 2018, all newborns in Norway have been offered NBS for SCID using 1st tier TRECs and 2nd tier gene panel NGS on DBS DNA. During the first 20 months of nationwide SCID screening an additional 88 000 newborns were TREC tested, and four new SCID cases were identified. Disease-causing variants in DCLRE1C, JAK3, NBN, and IL2RG were molecularly confirmed on day 8, 15, 8 and 6, respectively after birth, using the initial NBS blood spot. Targeted gene panel NGS integrated into the NBS algorithm rapidly delineated the specific molecular diagnoses and provided information useful for management, targeted therapy and follow-up i.e., X rays and CT scans were avoided in the radiosensitive SCID. Second tier targeted NGS on the same DBS DNA as the TREC test provided instant confirmation or exclusion of SCID, and made it possible to use a less stringent TREC cut-off value. This allowed for the detection of leaky SCIDs, and simultaneously reduced the number of control samples, recalls and false positives. Mothers were instructed to stop breastfeeding until maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) status was determined. Our limited data suggest that shorter time-interval from birth to intervention, may prevent breast milk transmitted CMV infection in classical SCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Strand
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kiran Aftab Gul
- Paediatric Research Institute, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Christian Erichsen
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Lundman
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona C. Berge
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anette K. Trømborg
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda K. Sørgjerd
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Ytre-Arne
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Hogner
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruth Halsne
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Forensic Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Junita Gaup
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liv T. Osnes
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grete A. B. Kro
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne S. Sorte
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Mørkrid
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander D. Rowe
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Tangeraas
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens V. Jørgensen
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charlotte Alme
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Arild E. Rønnestad
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astri M. Lang
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Rootwelt
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jochen Buechner
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torstein Øverland
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore G. Abrahamsen
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf D. Pettersen
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørg Stray-Pedersen
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Korsunskiy I, Blyuss O, Gordukova M, Davydova N, Zaikin A, Zinovieva N, Zimin S, Molchanov R, Salpagarova A, Eremeeva A, Filipenko M, Prodeus A, Korsunskiy A, Hsu P, Munblit D. Expanding TREC and KREC Utility in Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Diagnosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:320. [PMID: 32194560 PMCID: PMC7062706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) area heterogeneous group of disorders caused by genetic defects of the immune system, which manifest clinically as recurrent infections, autoimmune diseases or malignancies. Early detection of PID remains a challenge, particularly in older children with milder and less specific symptoms. This study aimed to assess TREC and KREC diagnostic ability in PID. Data from children assessed by clinical immunologists at Speransky Children's Hospital, Moscow, Russia with suspected immunodeficiencies were analyzed between May 2013 and August 2016. Peripheral blood samples were sent for TREC/KREC, flow cytometry (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD19), IgA and IgG analysis. A total of 434 children [189 healthy, 97 with group I and II PID (combined T and B cell immunodeficiencies & well-defined syndromes with immunodeficiency) and 148 group III PID (predominantly antibody deficiencies)] were included. Area under the curve (AUC) for TREC in PID groups I and II diagnosis reached 0.82 (CI = 0.75-0.90), with best model providing sensitivity of 65% and specificity of 92%. Neither TREC, nor KREC had added value in PID group III diagnosis. In this study, the predictive value of TREC and KREC in PID diagnosis was examined. We found that the TREC had some diagnostic utility for groups I and II PID. Possibly, addition of TREC measurements to existing clinical diagnostic algorithms may improve their predictive value. Further investigations on a larger cohort are needed to evaluate TREC/KREC abilities to be used as diagnostic tools on a wider scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Korsunskiy
- Speransky Children's Hospital, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Blyuss
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Alexey Zaikin
- Department of Mathematics and Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Robert Molchanov
- State Institution “Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Aminat Salpagarova
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina Eremeeva
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Filipenko
- Pharmacogenomic Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Anatoliy Korsunskiy
- Speransky Children's Hospital, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Hsu
- Allergy and Immunology, The Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The In-vivo Global Network, an Affiliate of the World Universities Network (WUN), New York, NY, United States
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Munblit
- Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- The In-vivo Global Network, an Affiliate of the World Universities Network (WUN), New York, NY, United States
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, Faculty of Medicine, NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Solov'ev Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Mayo-de-Las-Casas C, Velasco A, Sanchez D, Martínez-Bueno A, Garzón-Ibáñez M, Gatius S, Ruiz-Miró M, Gonzalez-Tallada X, Llordella I, Tresserra F, Rodríguez S, Aldeguer E, Roman-Canal B, Bertran-Alamillo J, García-Peláez B, Rosell R, Molina-Vila MA, Matias-Guiu X. Detection of somatic mutations in peritoneal lavages and plasma of endometrial cancer patients: A proof-of-concept study. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:277-284. [PMID: 31953839 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. Although most patients are diagnosed at early stages, 15-20% will relapse despite local treatment. Presently, there are no reliable markers to identify patients with worse outcomes who may benefit from adjuvant treatments, such as chemotherapy, and liquid biopsies may be of use in this setting. Peritoneal lavages are systematically performed during endometrial surgery but little data are available about their potential as liquid biopsies. We analyzed KRAS and PIK3CA mutations in paired surgical biopsies, blood and cytology-negative peritoneal lavages in a cohort of 50 EC patients. Surgical biopsies were submitted to next-generation sequencing (NGS) while circulating-free DNA (cfDNA) purified from plasma and peritoneal lavages was analyzed for KRAS and PIK3CA hotspot mutations using a sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. NGS of biopsies revealed KRAS, PIK3CA or concomitant KRAS + PIK3CA mutations in 33/50 (66%) EC patients. Of those, 19 cases carried hotspot mutations. Quantitative PCR revealed KRAS and/or PIK3CA mutations in the lavages of 9/19 (47.4%) hotspot EC patients. In contrast, only 2/19 (10.5%) blood samples from hotspot EC patients were positive. Mutations found in cfDNA consistently matched those in paired biopsies. One of the two patients positive in plasma and lavage died in less than 6 months. In conclusion, mutational analysis in peritoneal lavages and blood from early stage EC is feasible. Further studies are warranted to determine if it might help to identify patients with worse prognosis. Human genes discussed: KRAS, KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase; PIK3CA, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Mayo-de-Las-Casas
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Velasco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Douglas Sanchez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Mónica Garzón-Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sònia Gatius
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | - Ivana Llordella
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Francesc Tresserra
- Department of Pathology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erika Aldeguer
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Bertran-Alamillo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz García-Peláez
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Dr Rosell Oncology Institute, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Institute and Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Molina-Vila
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pangaea Oncology, Quirón Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Lleida, CIBERONC, Lleida, Spain
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10
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Wilson K, Duque DR, Murphy MS, Hawken S, Pham-Huy A, Kwong J, Deeks SL, Potter BK, Crowcroft NS, Bulman DE, Chakraborty P, Little J. T-cell receptor excision circle levels and safety of paediatric immunization: A population-based self-controlled case series analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:1378-1391. [PMID: 29420131 PMCID: PMC6037463 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1433971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor excision circle levels are a surrogate marker of T-cell production and immune system function. We sought to determine whether non-pathological levels of infant T-cell receptor excision circles were associated with adverse events following immunization. A self-controlled case series design was applied on a sample of 231,693 children who completed newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency in Ontario, Canada between August 2013 and December 2015. Exposures included routinely administered pediatric vaccines up to 15 months of age. Main outcomes were combined health services utilization for recognized adverse events following immunization. 1,406,981 vaccination events were included in the final dataset. 103,007 children received the Pneu-C-13 or Men-C-C vaccine and 97,998 received the MMR vaccine at 12 months of age. 67,725 children received the varicella immunization at 15 months. Our analysis identified no association between newborn T-cell receptor excision circle levels and subsequent health services utilization events following DTa-IPV-Hib, Pneu-C-13, and Men-C-C vaccinations at 2-month (RI 0.94[95%CI 0.87-1.02]), 4-month (RI 0.82[95%CI 0.75-0.9]), 6-month (RI 0.63[95%CI 0.57-0.7]) and 12-month (RI 0.49[95%CI 0.44-0.55]). We also found no trends in health services utilization following MMR (RI 1.43[95%1.34-1.52]) or varicella (RI 1.14[95%CI 1.05-1.23]) vaccination. Our findings provide further support for the safety of pediatric vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumanan Wilson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Malia S.Q Murphy
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Steven Hawken
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Anne Pham-Huy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Kwong
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shelley L. Deeks
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Beth K. Potter
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Pranesh Chakraborty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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11
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Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made over the last 2 decades to discover and develop approaches to control hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and to prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma using various interferons and small molecules as antiviral agents. However, none of these agents have significant impact on eliminating HBV from infected cells. Currently the emphasis is on silencing or eliminating cccDNA, which could lead to a cure for HBV. Various approaches are being developed including the development of capsid effectors, CRISPR/Cas9, TALENS, siRNA, entry and secretion inhibitors, as well as immunological approaches. It is very likely that a combination of these modalities will need to be employed to successfully eliminate HBV or prevent virus rebound on discontinuation of therapy. In the next 5 years clinical data will emerge which will provide insight on the safety and feasibility of these approaches and if they can be applied to eradicate HBV infections globally. In this review, we summarize current treatments and we highlight and examine recent therapeutic strategies that are currently being evaluated at the preclinical and clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond F. Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maryam Ehteshami
- Center for AIDS Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leda Bassit
- Center for AIDS Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tarik Asselah
- Department of Hepatology, Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, Viral Hepatitis INSERM UMR 1149, AP-HP Hôpital Beaujon, Université Paris Diderot, Clichy, France
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12
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Kumar P, Dillon LW, Shibata Y, Jazaeri AA, Jones DR, Dutta A. Normal and Cancerous Tissues Release Extrachromosomal Circular DNA (eccDNA) into the Circulation. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1197-1205. [PMID: 28550083 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free circulating linear DNA is being explored for noninvasive diagnosis and management of tumors and fetuses, the so-called liquid biopsy. Previously, we observed the presence of small extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), called microDNA, in the nuclei of mammalian tissues and cell lines. Now, we demonstrate that cell-free microDNA derived from uniquely mapping regions of the genome is detectable in plasma and serum from both mice and humans and that they are significantly longer (30%-60% >250 bases) than cell-free circulating linear DNA (∼150 bases). Tumor-derived human microDNA is detected in the mouse circulation in a mouse xenograft model of human ovarian cancer. Comparing the microDNA from paired tumor and normal lung tissue specimens reveals that the tumors contain longer microDNA. Consistent with human cancers releasing microDNA into the circulation, serum and plasma samples (12 lung and 11 ovarian cancer) collected prior to surgery are enriched for longer cell-free microDNA compared with samples from the same patient obtained several weeks after surgical resection of the tumor. Thus, circular DNA in the circulation is a previously unexplored pool of nucleic acids that could complement miRNAs and linear DNA for diagnosis and for intercellular communication.Implications: eccDNA derived from chromosomal genomic sequence, first discovered in the nuclei of cells, are detected in the circulation, are longer than linear cell-free DNA, and are released from normal tissue and tumors into the circulation. Mol Cancer Res; 15(9); 1197-205. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Laura W Dillon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Yoshiyuki Shibata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Amir A Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - David R Jones
- Thoracic Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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13
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Shi M, Sun WL, Hua YY, Han B, Shi L. Effects of entecavir on hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA in hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients with hepatitis B. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117741. [PMID: 25647607 PMCID: PMC4315599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 48-week entecavir therapy on serum and intrahepatic hepatitis B virus, covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) levels in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients. A total of 120 patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis were treated with entecavir for 48 weeks. Serum HBV markers, total HBV DNA, and HBV cccDNA levels were measured at baseline and week 48. Biopsies from 20 patients were available for both intrahepatic total HBV DNA and cccDNA testing at these timepoints. HBV cccDNA levels were decreased from a median level of 5.1×106 copies/mL at baseline to a median level of 2.4×103 copies/mL at week 48. Reduction magnitudes of HBV cccDNA in patients with normalized alanine aminotransferase levels and those undergoing HBeAg seroconversion were significantly greater than those in alanine aminotransferase-abnormal and HBeAg positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV cccDNA was decreased significantly after 48 weeks of treatment, but could not be eradicated. In conclusion, treatment of HBeAg-positive hepatitis B patients with entecavir for 48 weeks decreased serum and intrahepatic HBV cccDNA significantly, and the magnitude of HBV cccDNA reduction was related to total HBV DNA decrease, alanine aminotransferase normalization, and HBeAg seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, No. 6 Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Wan-Li Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, No. 6 Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Yan-Yan Hua
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, No. 6 Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, No. 6 Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Long Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, No. 6 Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
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14
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Strawa K, Markowska A, Miśkiewicz P, Kuś A, Ambroziak U, Szymański K, Zbiec R, Spólnicka M, Krajewski P, Bednarczuk T, Płoski R. Increased concentration of T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TREC) in peripheral blood in Graves' disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:769-74. [PMID: 24815998 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TREC) are circular DNA molecules generated during T-cell maturation in the thymus. Recent studies suggested that a decreased TREC concentration in peripheral blood may be a general feature of autoimmunity. Our purpose was to assess the TREC concentration in Graves' disease (GD). METHODS TREC concentration was assessed by real time PCR in DNA samples isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes among younger (n = 94, age range 6-29 years) and older patients with GD (n = 93, age range 57-80 years) and age-matched controls (n = 206). RESULTS TREC concentration decreased with age in all subjects, but it was significantly higher in GD compared with controls (P = 9·4 × 10(-10) ). TREC concentration was higher (P = 0·0038) in hyperthyroid (n = 78) than euthyroid (n = 82) patients with GD, but in both groups, it remained increased relative to controls (P = 2·2 × 10(-11) and P = 4·4 ×10(-7) , respectively). CONCLUSIONS Patients with GD, particularly those with hyperthyroidism, have increased concentration of TREC which may suggest increased rather than decreased thymic activity. Thus, GD does not follow the paradigm suggested for other autoimmune disorders which links autoimmunity with thymic senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Strawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Datta S, Roychoudhury S, Ghosh A, Dasgupta D, Ghosh A, Chakraborty B, Roy S, Gupta S, Santra AK, Datta S, Das K, Dhali GK, Chowdhury A, Banerjee S. Distinct distribution pattern of hepatitis B virus genotype C and D in liver tissue and serum of dual genotype infected liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102573. [PMID: 25032957 PMCID: PMC4102524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The impact of co-infection of several hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes on the clinical outcome remains controversial. This study has for the first time investigated the distribution of HBV genotypes in the serum and in the intrahepatic tissue of liver cirrhotic (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients from India. In addition, the genotype-genotype interplay and plausible mechanism of development of HCC has also been explored. Methods The assessment of HBV genotypes was performed by nested PCR using either surface or HBx specific primers from both the circulating virus in the serum and replicative virus that includes covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) of HBV from the intrahepatic tissue. The integrated virus within the host chromosome was genotyped by Alu-PCR method. Each PCR products were cloned and sequences of five randomly selected clones were subsequently analysed. Results HBV/genotype D was detected in the serum of all LC and HCC patients whereas the sequences of the replicative HBV DNA (cccDNA and rcDNA) from the intrahepatic tissue of the same patients revealed the presence of both HBV/genotype C and D. The sequences of the integrated viruses exhibited the solo presence of HBV/genotype C in the majority of LC and HCC tissues while both HBV/genotype C and D clones were found in few patients in which HBV/genotype C was predominated. Moreover, compared to HBV/genotype D, genotype C had higher propensity to generate double strand breaks, ER stress and reactive oxygen species and it had also showed higher cellular homologous-recombination efficiency that engendered more chromosomal rearrangements, which ultimately led to development of HCC. Conclusions Our study highlights the necessity of routine analysis of HBV genotype from the liver tissue of each chronic HBV infected patient in clinical practice to understand the disease prognosis and also to select therapeutic strategy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coinfection
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
- DNA, Circular/blood
- DNA, Circular/genetics
- DNA, Viral/blood
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Genotype
- Hep G2 Cells
- Hepatitis B e Antigens/blood
- Hepatitis B e Antigens/immunology
- Hepatitis B virus/classification
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology
- Humans
- India
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/virology
- Liver Cirrhosis/mortality
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/virology
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Liver Transplantation
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Prognosis
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Somenath Datta
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Shrabasti Roychoudhury
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Alip Ghosh
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Debanjali Dasgupta
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Bidhan Chakraborty
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sukanta Roy
- Department of Gastro-Intestinal surgery, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Subash Gupta
- Centre for Liver and Biliary Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Amal Kumar Santra
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Simanti Datta
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Kausik Das
- Department of Hepatology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Gopal Krishna Dhali
- Department Gastroenterology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhijit Chowdhury
- Department of Hepatology, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Soma Banerjee
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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16
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Chen R, Lu Z, Huang L. [A case report of HBsAg seroconversion with intrahepatic hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA during nucleoside analog therapy]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2014; 22:545-546. [PMID: 25486697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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17
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Li W, Zhao J, Zou Z, Liu Y, Li B, Sun Y, Li X, Liu S, Cai S, Yao W, Xin S, Lu F, Xu D. Analysis of hepatitis B virus intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA and serum viral markers in treatment-naive patients with acute and chronic HBV infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89046. [PMID: 24551214 PMCID: PMC3923869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the relationships of intrahepatic cccDNA with serum HBsAg and with HBV DNA in treatment-naive patients throughout acute and chronic HBV infection. Methods A total of 120 patients who had a liver biopsy were enrolled, including 19 with acute hepatitis B (AHB), and 101 patients with chronic HBV infection (CHB) of whom were 10 in immune-tolerant (IT) phase, 59 in immune-clearance (IC) phase, 8 in low-replicative (LR) phase, and 24 in HBeAg-negative hepatitis (ENH) phase. Intrahepatic cccDNA, serum HBsAg and serum HBV DNA levels were comparatively analyzed. Results The median intrahepatic cccDNA levels were 0.18 4.80, 3.81, 0.22 and 0.97 copies/cell for patients with AHB, CHB-IT, CHB-IC, CHB-LR, and CHB-ENH, respectively. In AHB patients, intrahepatic cccDNA was positively correlated with serum HBsAg (r = 0.665, P = 0.003), as well as serum HBV DNA (r = 0.536, P = 0.022). In CHB patients, intrahepatic cccDNA was positively correlated with serum HBsAg in the IC phase (r = 0.392, P = 0.005), and with serum HBV DNA in the IC phase (r = 0.301, P = 0.036) and ENH phase (r = 0.588, P = 0.013). HBV replicative efficiency, defined as the ratio of serum HBV DNA to intrahepatic cccDNA, was obviously lower in AHB and CHB-LR patients than in CHB-IT, CHB-IC and CHB-ENH patients (0.70 and 0.53 vs. 1.12, 1.09 and 0.99, P<0.001, values were logarithmic transformed for analysis). In CHB-IC patients, HBV replicative efficiency was positively correlated with histological activity index of liver inflammation (r = 0.308, P = 0.009). Conclusion Serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels may reflect the amount of active intrahepatic cccDNA in treatment-naive AHB and CHB-IC patients. Reduced intrahepatic cccDNA and HBV replicative efficiency may imply effective immune control of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Li
- Department of Microbiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Medical Center for Liver Failure, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengsheng Zou
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Medical Center for Liver Failure, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Medical Center for Liver Failure, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baosen Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Medical Center for Liver Failure, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Medical Center for Liver Failure, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Medical Center for Liver Failure, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoping Cai
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Medical Center for Liver Failure, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Yao
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Medical Center for Liver Failure, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojie Xin
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Medical Center for Liver Failure, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (DX); (FL)
| | - Dongping Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Medical Center for Liver Failure, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (DX); (FL)
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18
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Xu Y, Liu B, Zhao Z, Wang G, Zhu X, Pan S, Chen D. [Clinical significance of peripheral blood circular DNA level measurements in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2012; 36:456-458. [PMID: 23461129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore clinical value of circular DNA in acute myocardial infarction. METHODS Venous blood (2 ml/head) of 40 healthy control and 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction within 48h of onset of illness and convalescent period was collected. The level of plasma circular DNA was detected by duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The levels of myocardial enzyme spectrum and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were detected by biochemistry method. RESULTS The level of circular DNA in control group and group of acute myocardial infarction before treatment was (21.5 +/- 10.7) ng/ml and (253.6 +/- 45.7) ng/ml, respectively (P = 0.000). The levels of serum myocardial enzyme spectrum and cTnT before treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction were significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05). The level of circular DNA after treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction was significantly decreased compared with that before treatment (P = 0.000), the levels of myocardial enzyme spectrum and cTnT were also significantly reduced (P < 0.05). There was significant correlation between the level of circular DNA and those of CK-MB and cTnT, r = 0.613, 0.654, P = 0.032, 0.021. CONCLUSION Circular DNA can be used as a marker of sensitively reflecting myocardial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050051.
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19
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Dybowska D, Kozielewicz D, Halota W. [Forecasting of efficacy of chronic hepatitis B therapy]. Przegl Epidemiol 2012; 66:45-48. [PMID: 22708297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Predictors of effective chronic hepatitis B therapy were described in that article. The predictors are: ALT, HBV genotype, HBV DNA, qantification of HBsAg. New predictors as cccDNA and level of HBeAg were described too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Dybowska
- Katedra i Klinika Chorób Zakaźnych i Hepatologii, Collegium Medicum im.L.Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu.
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20
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Zhao ZX, Lu JH, Mei ZQ, Pan SY, Chen D, Liu YZ, Xia WY, Dai EH. [The level of peripheral circular DNA in patients with hand foot and mouth disease]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2011; 25:483-485. [PMID: 22734243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the circular DNA level of patients with hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and evaluate its potential clinical value. METHODS Venous blood in 30 healthy children and 78 patients with HFMD within 3 days of onset of illness and convalescent period was collected. The level of plasma circular DNA was detected by duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Blood sugar, high-sensitive CRP(hs-CRP) and leucocyte were also detected. RESULTS The level of circular DNA in control group was (6.57 +/- 4.67) ng/ml. The level of circular DNA in ordinary and severe HFMD patients was (11.51 +/- 7.75) ng/ml and (20.59 +/- 10.67) ng/ml before treatment, respectively. The levels of circular DNA in ordinary and severe HFMD patients were significantly higher than that in control group (P = 0.021; 0.000); the level of circular DNA in severe HFMD patients was significantly higher than that in ordinary HFMD patients (P = 0.011). The level of circular DNA in severe HFMD patients after treatment were significantly lower than that before treatment (P = 0.033). The level of circular DNA before treatment and after treatment in ordinary HFMD patients had no significant difference. The levels of blood sugar and hs-CRP in severe HFMD patients were higher than those in ordinary before treatment (P = 0.045; 0.011). The levels of blood sugar and hs-CRP before treatment and after treatment in ordinary HFMD patients had no significant change. There was significantly positive correlation between the level of circular DNA and that of hs-CRP in HFMD patient (P = 0.021), but there was no correlation between the level of circular DNA and that of blood sugar and leucocyte. CONCLUSIONS The level of circular DNA not only become an early identification marker of severe HFMD patients, but also become monitoring marker of effect of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xia Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
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21
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Dasouki M, Okonkwo KC, Ray A, Folmsbeel CK, Gozales D, Keles S, Puck JM, Chatila T. Deficient T Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) in autosomal recessive hyper IgE syndrome caused by DOCK8 mutation: implications for pathogenesis and potential detection by newborn screening. Clin Immunol 2011; 141:128-32. [PMID: 21763205 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Loss of function of DOCK8 is the major cause of autosomal recessive hyper IgE syndrome, a primary immunodeficiency with adaptive and innate immune dysfunction. Patients affected with ARHIES have atopic dermatitis and recurrent, potentially life-threatening viral and bacterial infections. Three consanguineous Pakistani siblings presented with severe atopic dermatitis and superinfection. Direct sequencing of DOCK8 in all three affected siblings demonstrated homozygosity for a deleterious, novel exon 14 frame shift mutation. Current newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID) and related T cell disorders relies on the quantitation of T Cell Receptor Excision Cells (TRECs) in dried blood spots (DBS). Significantly, both older affected siblings had undetectable TRECs, and TREC copy number was reduced in the youngest sibling. These findings suggest that AR-HIES may be detected by TREC newborn screening, and this diagnosis should be considered in the evaluation of newborns with abnormal TRECs who do not have typical SCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Dasouki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA.
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22
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Luo CJ, Jiang H, Chen J, Dai JL, Shen XY, Xue HL, Tang JY, Luo CY, Pan C, Shen SH, Zhou M, Gu LJ. [Correlation between blood T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles levels and severe infection in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2011; 13:466-470. [PMID: 21672419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study quantitatively examined signal joint T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (sjTRECs) levels in peripheral blood of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at different stages in order to evaluate the role of sjTRECs in predicting severe infection postchemotherapy. METHODS sjTRECs levels in peripheral blood were measured by fluorescent quantitation-polymerase chain reaction in 30 children with newly diagnosed ALL, 36 children with ALL who accepted chemotherapy but were not infected, 30 children with ALL who had severe infection after chemotherapy, and 50 normal children. RESULTS Blood sjTRECs levels in the normal group (394 ± 270 copies/103 MNC) were significantly higher than those in the other three groups (P<0.05). Blood sjTRECs levels in the chemotherapy group without infection (96 ± 78 copies/103 MNC) were significantly lower than those in the newly diagnosed ALL group (210 ± 219 copies/103 MNC) (P<0.05). The chemotherapy group with severe infection showed the lowest blood sjTRECs levels (48 ± 40 copies/103 MNC) in the four groups. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of blood sjTRECs levels might be helpful for predicting the occurrence of severe infection postchemotherapy in children with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Juan Luo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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23
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Yang F, Cao J, Zhang JJ, Wang Q, Su JJ, Yang C, Ou C, Shi JL, Wang DP, Li Y. [Long-term observation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in new-born tree shrews inoculated with HBV]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2009; 17:580-584. [PMID: 19719914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in the tree shrews that were inoculated with HBV at neonatal period. METHODS Six new-born tree shrews were inoculated with human HBV positive serum. Blood samples and liver biopsies were collected at different time points after inoculation. The HBV infection markers were tested by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR), fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR), Southern blot, ELISA and immunohistochemistry staining. The liver tissues were observed under electron and light microscope. RESULTS 48 weeks after inoculation, HBV DNA and HBV cccDNA were detected in the serum and liver samples of three animals (number 1, 2 and 6) by nPCR. The copy-numbers of HBV DNA detected by FQ-PCR in their serum and liver samples were 103 and-104/ml respectively,and the total DNA in 1microg liver tissue was 107-108. Southern blot indicated that HBV replication intermediates such as HBV cccDNA and HBV ssDNA was detectable in liver tissues. HBsAg was detected by ELISA, and immunohistochemical staining showed a gradual increase of HBsAg-positive liver cells. High copy number of HBV DNA and suspected HBV EM particles could be detected in the liver samples from one of the three animals that have survived more than 2 years after inoculation. The other three animals showed low HBV DNA copy number, and the rest of the signs of HBV infection were negative or transiently positive. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal tree shrews can be infected with human HBV. HBV can replicate inside the liver cells of tree shrew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Li H, Tang H. [On the detection of HBV cccDNA and its clinical significance: an overview of research advancement]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2009; 26:662-666. [PMID: 19634693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the existing form of the HBV DNA in the nucleus of host cells and also the original template of HBV replication; its long-term presence in the nucleus makes it difficult to be eliminated by current antiviral drugs; and it becomes the key factor of continuous HBV infection and relapse after antiviral suspension. Detection of HBV cccDNA is of great significance for further understanding the life cycle of HBV and providing guidance for antiviral treatment. This article aims to review the detection and its clinical significance to the advancement of researches on hepatitis B virus cccDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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25
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Zhao KK, Wang Q, Miao XH, Xu WS. [Comparative study on clearance dynamics of hepatitis B virion and cccDNA in blood]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2009; 89:1207-1210. [PMID: 19595088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To confirm whether it is feasible to detect HBV cccDNA based on an analysis of its stability and clearance dynamics in the blood of ducks. METHODS Twelve 1-week-old ducklings were randomized into group A and group B, and each duckling was intravenously injected with 1 milliliter of serum containing 1.2 x 10(9) copies of HBV virion (group A) or plasmid pBS HBV 3.6 II (group B). At 0.25, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 32 h post-injection, serum HBV DNA level in each duckling was quantified by Real-time fluorescent PCR. RESULTS Both of HBV virion and plasmid pBS HBV 3.6 II could be detected from 0.25 h to 24 h after intravenous administration, and declined approximately by 1 log(10) every 2 hours within 8 h and was more slowly cleared at 8 h, and became undetectable at 32 h. Both of them are characteristic of one-phase exponential decay, as indicated by the relative index of the one-phase exponential curve ranging from 0.9593 to 0.9976. The mean half-life of HBV virion and plasmid (cccDNA) was 4.536 +/- 0.769 h (range: 3.5 - 5.4 h) and 4.5 +/- 0.8 h (range: 3.9 - 6.1 h) respectively. No significant difference was observed in the half-life between HBV virion and plasmid/cccDNA (t = 0.0523, P = 0.9593). CONCLUSIONS HBV cccDNA is similar to HBV virion in its characteristics of clearance dynamics in blood. Thus it is feasible to detect serum HBV cccDNA. The clearance half-life of Hepatitis B virus in serum is not as long as previously believed at 1.0 - 1.2 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-kai Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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26
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Zhang YL, Xu D, Wu XX, Wu J, Shao XY, Chen H, Zhang Q. [HBVcccDNA of patients with hepatitis B in the serum, PBMC and liver tissue distribution]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2008; 22:342-344. [PMID: 19469169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA in the serum of patients with hepatitis B, peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) and liver tissue distribution. METHODS Serum HBV DNA > 10(5) copies/ml 50 cases of hepatitis B patients, serum HBV DNA < 10(5) copies/ml 30 cases of hepatitis B patients, patients with fatty liver (hepatitis B) 20 cases, using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for detection of serum, and liver tissue in PBMC HBVcccDNA the existence. RESULTS Of 50 serum HBV DNA > 10(5) copies/ml cccDNA the serum specimens were 28 cases, 56% detection rate, 29 cases were PBMC HBVcccDNA, 58% detection rate, liver tissue HBVcccDNA were 44 cases, 88% detection rate, serum, the PBMC were detected in liver tissue were significant differences in P < 0.005, compared serum PBMC were no significant differences in P > 0.005. 30 serum HBV DNA < 10(5) copies/ml the serum specimens, PBMC cccDNA detected two cases were 6.67% detection rate, liver tissue cccDNA were six cases 20% detection rate, serum, PBMC, were among the liver tissue was not significantly different P > 0.005. 20 in the serum of patients with fatty liver, liver tissue in PBMCwere not detected HBVcccDNA. CONCLUSION HBVcccDNA mainly in the liver of patients with hepatitis B, hepatitis B patients and also cccDNA PBMC in the presence of liver tissue but a few of many.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-le Zhang
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medial University, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Zhong YW, Liang ZL, Ren XQ, Li XD, Xu ZH, Li L, Xu DP. [Quantitative detection of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA in sera of chronic hepatitis B patients with a newly established assay]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2008; 22:225-227. [PMID: 19031711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively detect hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) in sera of chronic hepatitis B patients with a newly established assay. METHODS Primers and probe were designed in highly conservative region of HBV DNA. DNA was extracted from 175 sera samples of chronic hepatitis B patients, and was treated with plasmid-Safe-ATP-dependent Dnase(PSAD) to eliminate the relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA). The products were amplified by real-time PCR with primers spanning. RESULTS The detection rate of serum HBV cccDNA was found to correlate directly with serum HBV DNA loading. HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B patients had higher serum HBV cccDNA levels than HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B patients. CONCLUSION The method is good because of the high specificity. It can be used for detection of HBV cccDNA. DNA;
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Zhong
- Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratary, Institute of Infectious Disease of PL4 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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Wang HL, Ding JJ. [A quantitative method for detecting HBV covalently closed circular DNA in serum by real-time polymerase chain reaction]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2008; 16:232-233. [PMID: 18364089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He-ling Wang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China
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Mazet-Wagner AA, Baclet MC, Loustaud-Ratti V, Denis F, Alain S. Real-time PCR quantitation of hepatitis B virus total DNA and covalently closed circular DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from hepatitis B virus-infected patients. J Virol Methods 2006; 138:70-9. [PMID: 16962180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Revised: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) replicates in extrahepatic tissues, and particularly in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which may serve as a reservoir for the maintenance of infection. A real-time PCR assay for the quantitation of total and covalently closed circular (ccc) HBV DNA in serum and in PBMCs was developed. This assay was highly sensitive (detection limit: 27 IU/mL), linear over a wide range (9 log10), and was displayed high inter- and intra-assay reproducibility for the quantitation of total DNA. Genotypes A to E were detected and the results were consistent with those obtained with the COBAS Amplicor HBV Monitor Test. The specificity of the methodology was increased by prior treatment with an enzyme that digests relaxed circular DNA, and the elimination of background signals from virus adsorbed to the surface of PBMCs. HBV DNA was detected in the serum and PBMCs of 12 HBsAg-positive patients, with less than 1% in the cccDNA form. In conclusion, the quantitation of total and ccc HBV DNA in PBMCs is potentially useful as a non-invasive marker, and may help to increase our knowledge of the natural history of hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mazet-Wagner
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie EA3175, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87000 Limoges, France
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Wei HS, Dong QM, Zhuang H, Song SJ, Liu ZY, Cheng J. [Establishing a fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction for detection of HBV cccDNA in serum]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2006; 14:56-8. [PMID: 16420769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-shan Wei
- Research Center of Virology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing 100011, China.
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McGhee SA, Stiehm ER, Cowan M, Krogstad P, McCabe ERB. Two-tiered universal newborn screening strategy for severe combined immunodeficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2005; 86:427-30. [PMID: 16260163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes for infants with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) would be improved by universal newborn screening, but there are not yet screening tests of sufficient accuracy for the disorder. In a pilot study, we assessed the ability of a two-tiered strategy to improve accuracy. Dried blood samples from patients were assessed with two tests for lymphopenia: interleukin-7, a T-cell growth cytokine, and TRECs, a byproduct of T-cell receptor recombination. IL-7 screening has a specificity of 96.1% and TRECs have a specificity of 92.3%. Combining these tests in a two-tiered strategy increases specificity to 100% (97-100% CI). Sensitivity was 85% for IL-7 screening and 100% for TREC screening. A two-tiered strategy may be of sufficient accuracy to enable universal SCID screening, and should be assessed in a prospective trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A McGhee
- Department of Pediatrics/Immunology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Lan Q, Zhang L, Hakim F, Shen M, Memon S, Li G, Vermeulen R, Smith MT, Rappaport SM, Hayes R, Linet M, Yin S, Rothman N, Rabkin CS. Lymphocyte toxicity and T cell receptor excision circles in workers exposed to benzene. Chem Biol Interact 2005; 153-154:111-5. [PMID: 15935806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2005.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that benzene decreases peripheral white blood cell and platelet counts and specifically lowers subsets of several blood cell types, including CD4+-T cells, B cells, NK cells, and granulocytes. Diminished thymus function has been implicated as a mechanism for CD4+-T cell loss in other conditions such as AIDS by assays of T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs), a marker of naive T cells that have recently emigrated from the thymus. To evaluate alteration of thymic function as a mechanism for benzene's effects on CD4+-T cell counts, we measured total TREC levels in 45 benzene-exposed workers and 45 unexposed controls. There was no significant difference in TREC levels per 10(6) peripheral blood leukocytes in the benzene-exposed workers compared to the controls. Although our study does not rule out counterbalancing alterations of TREC levels in specific T cell subsets, benzene's lymphotoxicity does not appear to be mediated through diminished thymus function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 6120 Executive Blvd., EPS 8109, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA.
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Yuen MF, Wong DKH, Sum SSM, Yuan HJ, Yuen JCH, Chan AOO, Wong BCY, Lai CL. Effect of lamivudine therapy on the serum covalently closed-circular (ccc) DNA of chronic hepatitis B infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100:1099-103. [PMID: 15842584 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of 1-yr lamivudine treatment on serum covalently closed-circular DNA (cccDNA) level. PATIENTS AND METHOD Serum total HBV DNA and cccDNA levels at baseline, week 24, and week 52 were measured in 82 lamivudine-treated patients, 17 of whom received 1-yr placebo and acted as controls. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in the cccDNA levels from baseline (median 3.0 x 10(6) copies/ml) to week 24 (33,476 copies/ml) and week 52 (48,694 copies/ml) (p < 0.001 for both). The median reduction in cccDNA level at week 24 and 52 were 2.21 and 2.12 logs, respectively, which were significantly greater than those of controls (0.31 log, p < 0.001; 0.2 log, p < 0.001, respectively). Fifteen patients (18.3%) developed YMDD mutations by week 52. Compared to patients without YMDD mutations, patients with YMDD mutations had significantly less median reduction of total HBV DNA level (4.44 vs 3.65 logs, respectively, p= 0.02) and cccDNA level (2.27 vs 1.65 logs, respectively, p= 0.016) at week 24 and significantly less median reduction of cccDNA at week 52 (2.35 vs 0.8 logs respectively, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS One-year lamivudine treatment decreased serum cccDNA level by 2 logs. The chance of YMDD mutations at week 52 was related to the magnitude of viral suppression at week 24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Li YQ, Han SF, Yang LJ, Chen SH, Zhou YB, Chen JY, Liu WW. [Significant decrease of recent thymic output function in patients with severe benzene intoxication]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2005; 13:114-7. [PMID: 15748448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the level of T-cell receptor excision DNA circles (TREC) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) of patients with severe benzene poison, thereby to evaluate the content of naive T cells and the recent thymic output function. Quantitative detection of TREC in DNA of PBMNCs from 16 normal individuals and 8 cases with severe benzene poison was preformed by real-time PCR using TaqMan technique. The results showed that TREC level was 6.69 +/- 4.79/1 000 PBMNCs in normal individuals, however, significant decrease was shown in patients with severe benzene poison (1.03 +/- 0.44/1 000 PBMNCs, P < 0.01). The TREC level was persistently low in period of benzene poisoning, even if peripheral blood cell counts were at normal levels. In conclusion, the recent thymic output function is remarkably decreased in patients with severe benzene intoxication, that may obviously damage the T cell immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Qiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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35
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Liu MC, Wang GQ, Piao WH, Zhang NL, Gong WB, Wang Y, Wang QH. [Detection of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic hepatitis B infection]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2004; 12:249-50. [PMID: 15099488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao-chang Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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36
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Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the covalently closed circle DNA (cccDNA) level of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in patients’ liver and sera.
METHODS: HBV DNA was isolated from patients’ liver biopsies and sera. A sensitive real-time PCR method, which is capable of differentiation of HBV viral genomic DNA and cccDNA, was used to quantify the total HBV cccDNA. The total HBV viral DNA was quantitated by real-time PCR using a HBV diagnostic kit (PG Biotech, LTD, Shenzhen, China) described previously.
RESULTS: For the first time, we measured the level of HBV DNA and cccDNA isolated from ten HBV patients’ liver biopsies and sera. In the liver biopsies, cccDNA was detected from all the biopsy samples. The copy number of cccDNA ranged from from 0.03 to 173.1 per cell, the copy number of total HBV DNA ranged from 0.08 to 3 717 per cell. The ratio of total HBV DNA to cccDNA ranged from 1 to 3 406. In the sera, cccDNA was only detected from six samples whereas HBV viral DNA was detected from all ten samples. The ratio of cccDNA to total HBV DNA ranged from 0 to 1.77%. To further investigate the reason why cccDNA could only be detected in some patients’ sera, we performed longitudinal studies. The cccDNA was detected from the patients’ sera with HBV reactivation but not from the patients’ sera without HBV reactivation. The level of cccDNA in the sera was correlated with ALT and viral load in the HBV reactivation patients.
CONCLUSION: HBV cccDNA is actively transcribed and replicated in some patients’ hepatocytes, which is reflected by a high ratio of HBV total DNA vs cccDNA. Detection of cccDNA in the liver biopsy will provide an end-point for the anti-HBV therapy. The occurrence of cccDNA in the sera is an early signal of liver damage, which may be another important clinical parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- The Institute of Molecular Biology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Loeffler J, Bauer R, Hebart H, Douek DC, Rauser G, Bader P, Einsele H. Quantification of T-cell receptor excision circle DNA using fluorescence resonance energy transfer and the LightCycler system. J Immunol Methods 2002; 271:167-75. [PMID: 12445739 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(02)00337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) are circular, stable extrachromosomal DNA fragments and are generated during V(D)J gene recombination, a process responsible for diversity of the T-cell receptor repertoire. Here we describe a sensitive, rapid and easy to perform real-time PCR assay based on the LightCycler technique for the quantification of TRECs among peripheral blood cells and a comparison of this assay with conventional PCR-ELISA. By LightCycler, a sensitivity of 20 copies of plasmid deltaRec-psiJalpha Signal Joint TREC DNA was achieved whereas by PCR-ELISA, a detection limit of 2 copies was demonstrated. In blood samples from healthy individuals (n=52) a median TREC count of 1.6x10(4) copies [range 2x10(1) to 2x10(5)]/2x10(5) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) and in cord blood, a median TREC count of 1.45x10(5) copies [range 1.2x10(5) to 1.6x10(5)]/2x10(5) PBMNCs) could be detected. No significant difference was found in 15 individuals when unfractionated PBMNCs (median count of 1.1x10(5) copies/2x10(5) PBMNCs) or magnetic associated cell sorter (MACS)-sorted CD45RA+ T-cells (median count of 2.5x10(5) copies/2x10(5) cells) were analyzed for TREC counts. In addition, we examined the number of deltaRec-psiJalpha Signal Joint TREC in paediatric (n=6) and adult patients (n=7) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In children, we observed a median TREC count of 5.7x10(4) copies/2x10(5) PBMNCs after 1x10(4) and 5.6x10(4) copies/2x10(5) PBMNCs after 2 years, and in adults, a median count of 3.6x10(4) copies/2x10(5) PBMNCs after 1x10(4) and 1.1x10(4) copies/2x10(5) PBMNCs after 2 years. In conclusion, the LightCycler-based real-time PCR assay described offers a very sensitive and rapid tool for the quantification of TREC DNA.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- DNA, Circular/blood
- DNA, Circular/genetics
- DNA, Circular/immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
- Fetal Blood/chemistry
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
- Humans
- Immunocompromised Host
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Middle Aged
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/blood
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Loeffler
- Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung II, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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38
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Broers AEC, Meijerink JPP, van Dongen JJM, Posthumus SJ, Löwenberg B, Braakman E, Cornelissen JJ. Quantification of newly developed T cells in mice by real-time quantitative PCR of T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles. Exp Hematol 2002; 30:745-50. [PMID: 12135672 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(02)00825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thymic output of newly developed ab T cells in humans can be measured via signal joint T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (sjTRECs). Deletion of the TCRD locus via dRec to psiJa recombination during TCRA rearrangement results in the production of such sjTRECs. The deleting elements dRec and psiJa are highly conserved between humans and mice and used in a comparable manner. We developed and evaluated a real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) to detect and quantify dRec-psiJa sjTRECs in murine peripheral blood leukocytes for estimation of thymic output of newly developed ab T cells in mice. METHODS The threshold cycle (Ct) of the sjTREC RQ-PCR was related to the Ct value of an endogenous reference gene. The difference in Ct value (DCt) was correlated to the absolute numbers of CD45+ and CD3+ cells per mL of blood, as obtained by a single platform flow cytometric assay, resulting in the frequency of sjTRECs in CD45+ and CD3+ cells. RESULTS The RQ-PCR proved to be sensitive with a detection level of approximately one sjTREC copy in 100 ng of DNA. SjTRECs could not be detected in peripheral blood leukocytes of RAG-1(-/-) mice, demonstrating the specificity of the assay. As in humans and primates, sjTREC levels declined in aging and thymectomized mice. Remarkably, significant mouse strain-dependent differences in sjTREC levels were observed. 129Sv and C57BL/6 mice had significantly lower sjTREC levels in blood than Balb/c and DBA2 mice. CONCLUSION Quantification of murine sjTRECs by RQ-PCR may allow for accurate assessment of thymic output in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/immunology
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- CD3 Complex/blood
- Computer Systems
- DNA, Circular/blood
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/blood
- Lymphocyte Count
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Thymectomy
- Thymus Gland/cytology
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Affiliation(s)
- Annoek E C Broers
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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39
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Ward CM, Read ML, Seymour LW. Systemic circulation of poly(L-lysine)/DNA vectors is influenced by polycation molecular weight and type of DNA: differential circulation in mice and rats and the implications for human gene therapy. Blood 2001; 97:2221-9. [PMID: 11290582 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.8.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective gene therapy for diseases of the circulation requires vectors capable of systemic delivery. The molecular weight of poly(L-lysine) (pLL) has a significant effect on the circulation of pLL/DNA complexes in mice, with pLL(211)/DNA complexes displaying up to 20 times greater levels in the blood after 30 minutes compared with pLL(20)/DNA. It is shown that pLL(20)/DNA complexes fix mouse complement C3 in vitro, independent of immunoglobulin binding; are less soluble in the blood in vivo; bind erythrocytes; are rapidly removed by the liver, where they associate predominantly with Kupffer cells; and result in a rapid increase in hepatic leukocytes expressing high levels of complement receptor 3 (CR3). The circulation properties of these complexes are also dependent on the type of DNA used, with circular plasmid DNA complexes exhibiting increased circulation compared with linear DNA. PLL(211)/DNA complexes bind erythrocytes and associate with Kupffer cells but, in contrast, do not fix mouse complement in vitro and are unaffected by the type of DNA used. In rats, both types of complexes produce hematuria and are rapidly removed from the circulation. Correlation of in vivo and in vitro results suggests that the solubility of complexes in physiological saline and species-matched complement fixation and erythrocyte lysis may correlate with systemic circulation. Analysis using human blood in vitro shows no hemolysis, but both types of complexes fix complement and bind IgG, suggesting that pLL/DNA complexes may be rapidly cleared from the human circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ward
- CRC Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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40
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Abstract
Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and human hepatitis B virus are closely related, highly hepatotropic mammalian DNA viruses that also replicate in the lymphatic system. The infectivity and pathogenicity of hepadnaviruses propagating in lymphoid cells are under debate. In this study, hepato- and lymphotropism of WHV produced by naturally infected lymphoid cells was examined in specifically established woodchuck hepatocyte and lymphoid cell cultures and coculture systems, and virus pathogenicity was tested in susceptible animals. Applying PCR-based assays discriminating between the total pool of WHV genomes and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), combined with enzymatic elimination of extracellular viral sequences potentially associated with the cell surface, our study documents that virus replicating in woodchuck lymphoid cells is infectious to homologous hepatocytes and lymphoid cells in vitro. The productive replication of WHV from lymphoid cells in cultured hepatocytes was evidenced by the appearance of virus-specific DNA, cccDNA, and antigens, transmissibility of the virus through multiple passages in hepatocyte cultures, and the ability of the passaged virus to infect virus-naive animals. The data also revealed that WHV from lymphoid cells can initiate classical acute viral hepatitis in susceptible animals, albeit small quantities (approximately 10(3) virions) caused immunovirologically undetectable (occult) WHV infection that engaged the lymphatic system but not the liver. Our results provide direct in vitro and in vivo evidence that lymphoid cells in the infected host support propagation of infectious hepadnavirus that has the potential to induce hepatitis. They also emphasize a principal role of the lymphatic system in the maintenance and dissemination of hepadnavirus infection, particularly when infection is induced by low virus doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Lew
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research, Division of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3V6, Canada
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41
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Abstract
PURPOSE The pharmacokinetics of plasmid DNA after IV bolus administration in the rat by following supercoiled (SC), open circular (OC), and linear (L) pDNA forms of the plasmid. METHODS SC, OC, and L pDNA were injected at 2,500, 500, 333, and 250 microg doses. The concentrations in the bloodstream of OC and L pDNA were monitored. RESULTS SC pDNA was detectable in the bloodstream only after a 2,500 microg dose, and had a clearance of 390(+/-50) ml/min and Vd of 81(+/-8) ml. The pharmacokinetics of OC pDNA exhibited non-linear characteristics with clearance ranging from 8.3(+/-0.8) to 1.3(+/-0.2) ml/min and a Vd of 39(+/-19) ml. L pDNA was cleared at 7.6(+/-2.3) ml/min and had a Vd of 37(+/-17) ml. AUC analysis revealed that 60(+/-10) % of the SC was converted to the OC form, and nearly complete conversion of the OC pDNA to L pDNA. Clearance of SC pDNA was decreased after liposome complexation to 87(+/-30) ml/min. However the clearance of OC and L pDNA was increased relative to naked pDNA at an equivalent dose to 37(+/-9) ml/min and 95(+/-37) ml/min respectively. CONCLUSIONS SC pDNA is rapidly metabolized and cleared from the circulation. OC pDNA displays non-linear pharmacokinetics. Linear pDNA exhibits first order kinetics. Liposome complexation protects the SC topoform, but the complexes are more rapidly cleared than the naked pDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Houk
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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42
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Abstract
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based procedure for the detection of TT virus DNA is described. In this method. total nucleic acid extracted from a small volume of serum or plasma is utilized as a template in PCR employing TT virus specific primers designed to highly conserved regions of the virus genome. Additional sensitivity is obtained by carrying out a second round of amplification. Reactions are analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis, and samples having an ethidium bromide stainable fragment of the appropriate size in the first and/or second amplification are designated as positive. This protocol allows for the rapid and sensitive detection of TT virus in human plasma or serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Leary
- Virus Discovery Group, Experimental Biology Research, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL 60064-6269, USA
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43
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Zhang L, Lewin SR, Markowitz M, Lin HH, Skulsky E, Karanicolas R, He Y, Jin X, Tuttleton S, Vesanen M, Spiegel H, Kost R, van Lunzen J, Stellbrink HJ, Wolinsky S, Borkowsky W, Palumbo P, Kostrikis LG, Ho DD. Measuring recent thymic emigrants in blood of normal and HIV-1-infected individuals before and after effective therapy. J Exp Med 1999; 190:725-32. [PMID: 10477556 PMCID: PMC2195623 DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.5.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/1999] [Accepted: 07/06/1999] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the thymus in HIV-1 pathogenesis remains unclear. We developed an assay to quantify the number of recent thymic emigrants in blood based on the detection of a major excisional DNA byproduct (termed alpha1 circle) of T cell receptor rearrangement. By studying 532 normal individuals, we found that alpha1 circle numbers in blood remain high for the first 10-15 yr of life, a sharp drop is seen in the late teen years, and a gradual decline occurs thereafter. Compared with age-matched uninfected control individuals, alpha1 circle numbers in HIV-1-infected adults were significantly reduced; however, there were many individuals with normal alpha1 circle numbers. In 74 individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy, we found no appreciable effect on alpha1 circle numbers in those whose baseline values were already within the normal range, but significant increases were observed in those with a preexisting impairment. The increases in alpha1 circle numbers were, however, numerically insufficient to account for the rise in levels of naive T lymphocytes. Overall, it is difficult to invoke thymic regenerative failure as a generalized mechanism for CD4 lymphocyte depletion in HIV-1 infection, as alpha1 circle numbers are normal in a substantial subset of HIV-1-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqi Zhang
- From the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- From the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Martin Markowitz
- From the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Hsi-Hsun Lin
- From the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Eva Skulsky
- From the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Rose Karanicolas
- From the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Yuxian He
- From the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Xia Jin
- From the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Sarah Tuttleton
- From the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Mika Vesanen
- From the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Hans Spiegel
- From the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Rhonda Kost
- From the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016
| | | | | | - Steven Wolinsky
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - William Borkowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Paul Palumbo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Leondios G. Kostrikis
- From the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016
| | - David D. Ho
- From the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016
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Bolovan-Fritts CA, Mocarski ES, Wiedeman JA. Peripheral blood CD14(+) cells from healthy subjects carry a circular conformation of latent cytomegalovirus genome. Blood 1999; 93:394-8. [PMID: 9864186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of the human population harbors latent cytomegalovirus. Although CD14(+) peripheral blood mononuclear cells have been implicated as sites of latency, the conformation of the latent viral genome in these cells is unknown. In this study, the conformation of viral genomic DNA was assessed in CD14(+) cells from healthy virus seropositive carriers using an electrophoretic separation on native agarose gels in combination with polymerase chain reaction detection. Here we show that the viral genome migrates as a circular plasmid with a mobility equivalent to a circular 230-kb Shigella flexneri megaplasmid marker. Neither linear nor complex or integrated forms of the viral genome were detected. This report provides further evidence that the CD14(+) cell population is an important site of viral latency in the naturally infected human host. Detection of the viral genome as a circular plasmid during latency suggests that this virus maintains its genome in a manner analogous to other herpesviruses where latent viral genome conformation has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bolovan-Fritts
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, USA
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45
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Panther LA, Coombs RW, Zeh JE, Collier AC, Corey L. Unintegrated circular HIV-1 DNA in the peripheral mononuclear cells of HIV-1-infected subjects: association with high levels of plasma HIV-1 RNA, rapid decline in CD4 count, and clinical progression to AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998; 17:303-13. [PMID: 9525430 DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199804010-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We observed 36 HIV-infected patients to evaluate whether the presence of tandem 2-long terminal repeat circular unintegrated HIV-1 DNA (2-LTR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at baseline was associated with acceleration of HIV disease. Detection of 2-LTR at baseline correlated with high plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (p < .01), recovery of culturable HIV-1 from plasma (p = .02), and progression to AIDS during follow-up (p = .01). More patients with 2-LTR (68%) than without 2-LTR (31%) had a decline in CD4 levels of >50 cells/mm3 over the first 18 months of follow-up (p = .04), and the average annual CD4 decline was 35% in patients with 2-LTR compared with 16% in those without 2-LTR (p = 0.06). Detection of 2-LTR in PBMC at baseline was an independent predictor of high plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and subsequent CD4 cell decline in this cohort of patients with predominantly nonsyncytium-inducing (NSI) isolates at baseline. The presence of 2-LTR in PBMC appears to be reflective of ongoing HIV-1 replication, as measured by plasma HIV-1 RNA levels, and identifies persons at risk for immunologic and clinical decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Panther
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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46
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Pauza CD, Trivedi P, McKechnie TS, Richman DD, Graziano FM. 2-LTR circular viral DNA as a marker for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in vivo. Virology 1994; 205:470-8. [PMID: 7975248 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1994.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The unintegrated viral DNA found in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection includes linear and circular forms. We targeted the circular form containing two copies of the viral long terminal repeat (2-LTR circle) and developed specific assays to detect this molecule in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected patients. In vitro HIV-1 infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed rapid accumulation and rapid decay of 2-LTR circular viral DNA. Examination of 2-LTR circular viral DNA levels provides a view of spreading infection based on a viral DNA form that is structurally distinct and has a known, short half-life in infected cells. In patients not receiving antiviral therapy, the levels of 2-LTR circular viral DNA and total viral DNA were significantly correlated to CD4 cell counts. Similar correlations were not observed in patients receiving zidovudine (AZT), didanosine (ddA), or zalcitabine (ddC).
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Pauza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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47
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Smyth AJ, Ghosh A, Hassan MQ, Basu D, De Bruijn MH, Adhya S, Mallik KK, Barker DC. Rapid and sensitive detection of Leishmania kinetoplast DNA from spleen and blood samples of kala-azar patients. Parasitology 1992; 105 ( Pt 2):183-92. [PMID: 1333582 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000074096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Following sequence analysis of a Leishmania donovani kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircle, we have developed synthetic oligonucleotides for use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). With these primers, we have amplified L. donovani kDNA from splenic aspirates and blood samples taken from kala-azar patients. Treatment of the samples for PCR requires only limited DNA purification by lysis in SDS, digestion with proteinase K, phenol extraction and ethanol precipitation of the resulting nucleic acid. We have obtained amplified product routinely with DNA prepared from the equivalent of 2.5-25 microliters of splenic aspirate or of 50-500 microliters of blood from infected patients. In dilution experiments a visible product has been obtained on amplification of DNA from the equivalent of 2.5 x 10(-7) microliters of splenic material. We therefore propose the amplification of L. donovani kDNA by PCR as a rapid and highly sensitive method for the diagnosis of kala-azar.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Smyth
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
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48
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Jurriaans S, de Ronde A, Dekker J, Goudsmit J, Cornelissen M. Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR-LTR junctions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infected individuals. J Gen Virol 1992; 73 ( Pt 6):1537-41. [PMID: 1607872 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-73-6-1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Circularized DNA species containing two long terminal repeat circle junctions were analysed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. The circle junction fragments found could be classified into four groups: fragments containing a normal circle junction, fragments with deletions at the circle junction, fragments containing the primer binding site inserted at the circle junction, and fragments containing insertions at the circle junction derived from other regions of the HIV-1 genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jurriaans
- Human Retrovirus Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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49
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Avila HA, Sigman DS, Cohen LM, Millikan RC, Simpson L. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of Trypanosoma cruzi kinetoplast minicircle DNA isolated from whole blood lysates: diagnosis of chronic Chagas' disease. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1991; 48:211-21. [PMID: 1662334 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(91)90116-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A 6 M guanidine-HCl/0.2 M EDTA solution was used to lyse and store whole blood specimens. DNA stored in guanidine-EDTA-blood (GEB) lysate was found to be undegraded after incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 month, suggesting that this represents an appropriate reagent for transport of blood samples from the field to a laboratory for analysis. Trypanosoma cruzi kinetoplast DNA in GEB lysate can be cleaved using the chemical nuclease, 1,10-phenanthroline-copper ion (OP-Cu2+). This procedure liberates linearized minicircle molecules from network catenation, distributing them throughout the lysate, and allowing a small aliquot of the original lysate to be analyzed by PCR amplification. This increases the sensitivity of the method dramatically for the detection of small numbers of trypanosomes in a large volume of blood. DNAs isolated from aliquots of T. cruzi-positive GEB lysates were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified with 3 sets of T. cruzi-specific kDNA minicircle primers, yielding the 83-bp and 122-bp conserved region fragments and the 330-bp variable region fragments. The PCR products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and/or hybridization. Results indicate that a single T. cruzi cell in 20 ml of blood can be detected by this method. Blood samples from several chronic chagasic patients were tested. Amplification of T. cruzi kDNA minicircle sequences was obtained in al cases, even when xenodiagnosis was negative. This PCR-based test should prove useful as a replacement or complement for xenodiagnosis or serology in clinical and epidemiological studies of chronic Chagas' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Avila
- Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1606
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50
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Abstract
We have developed a simple, rapid, and reliable protocol for the small-scale purification of DNA and RNA from, e.g., human serum and urine. The method is based on the lysing and nuclease-inactivating properties of the chaotropic agent guanidinium thiocyanate together with the nucleic acid-binding properties of silica particles or diatoms in the presence of this agent. By using size-fractionated silica particles, nucleic acids (covalently closed circular, relaxed circular, and linear double-stranded DNA; single-stranded DNA; and rRNA) could be purified from 12 different specimens in less than 1 h and were recovered in the initial reaction vessel. Purified DNA (although significantly sheared) was a good substrate for restriction endonucleases and DNA ligase and was recovered with high yields (usually over 50%) from the picogram to the microgram level. Copurified rRNA was recovered almost undegraded. Substituting size-fractionated silica particles for diatoms (the fossilized cell walls of unicellular algae) allowed for the purification of microgram amounts of genomic DNA, plasmid DNA, and rRNA from cell-rich sources, as exemplified for pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. In this paper, we show representative experiments illustrating some characteristics of the procedure which may have wide application in clinical microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boom
- Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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