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Renzeng Z, Fan H, Yang K, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Wang H. [Expression of neutrophil extracellular traps and phagocytic functions among patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2024; 36:25-33. [PMID: 38604682 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2023172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and phagocytic function in the peripheral blood of patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE), and to examine their correlations with clinical inflamma tory indicators and liver functions. METHODS A total of 50 patients with HAE admitted to Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from August 2022 to June 2023 were enrolled, while 50 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals from the Centre for Healthy Examinations of the hospital during the same period served as controls. The levels of NETs markers neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated using density gradient centrifugation, stimulated in vitro using phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA), and the levels of MPO and citrullination histone H3 (CitH3) released by neutrophils were quantified using flow cytometry. The phagocytic functions of neutrophils were examined using flow cytometry. In addition, the correlations of MPO and NE levels with clinical inflammatory indicators and liver biochemical indicators were examined using Spearman correlation analysis among HAE patients. RESULTS The peripheral blood plasma MPO[(417.15 ± 76.08) ng/mL vs. (255.70 ± 80.84) ng/mL; t = 10.28, P < 0.05], NE[(23.16 ± 6.75) ng/mL vs. (11.92 ± 3.17) ng/mL; t = 10.65, P < 0.05]and CitH3 levels[(33.93 ± 18.93) ng/mL vs. (19.52 ± 13.89) ng/mL; t = 4.34, P < 0.05]were all significantly higher among HAE patients than among healthy controls, and a lower phagocytosis rate of neutrophils was detected among HAE patients than among healthy controls[(70.85 ± 7.32)% vs. (94.04 ± 3.90)%; t = 20.18, P < 0.05], and the ability to produce NETs by neutrophils was higher among HAE patients than among healthy controls following in vitro PMA stimulation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the phagocytosis rate of neutrophils correlated negatively with platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and C-reactive protein (CRP) level (rs = -0.515 to -0.392, all P values < 0.05), and the MPO and NE levels positively correlated with inflammatory markers NLR, PLR, CRP and IL-6 (rs = 0.333 to 0.445, all P values < 0.05) and clinical liver biochemical indicators aspartic transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin among HAE patients (rs = 0.290 to 0.628, all P values < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Excessive formation of NETs is found among HAE patients, which affects the phagocytic ability of neutrophils and results in elevated levels of inflammatory indicators. NETs markers may be promising novel biomarkers for early diagnosis, monitoring, and severity assessment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Renzeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lhasa People's Hospital, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - H Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - K Yang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
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Gündoğdu E, Aydın N. A rare malignancy mimicker: echinococcus alveolaris. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2024; 57:e009012024. [PMID: 38324811 PMCID: PMC10852459 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0523-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Gündoğdu
- Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Nevin Aydın
- Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Eskişehir, Turkey
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3
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Maurer A, Kotasidis F, Deibel A, Burger IA, Huellner MW. Whole-Body 18 F-FDG PET/CT Patlak Parametric Imaging of Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:1089-1090. [PMID: 37801583 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We present dynamic 18 F-FDG PET/CT acquisition in a 52-year-old old woman with histologically proven hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE). Metabolic rate of FDG images generated with traditional and relative Patlak analysis show the AE manifestation in the liver significantly better the static SUV images. Dynamic PET may thus have the potential to increase sensitivity in the assessment of hepatic AE manifestations. Such parametric images may offer complementary qualitative information and quantification superior to SUV images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maurer
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ansgar Deibel
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Swiss HPB and Transplant Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | | | - Martin W Huellner
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tekin R, Özkul E, Tekin RC. Spontaneous rupture of muscular hydatid cyst. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023; 56:e03632023. [PMID: 37792842 PMCID: PMC10550093 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0363-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Recep Tekin
- Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Emin Özkul
- Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Peralta RDC, Cuntó RAC, Moreta CY, Lapo GEG, Sierra RLV, Villalba LRL, Gómez BJP, Landires EAG, Ramallo G. Zoonotic Transmission of Hepatic Hydatid Cyst from Domestic Dogs: A Case Report from an Urban-Marginal Area in Ecuador. Am J Case Rep 2023; 24:e940647. [PMID: 37574793 PMCID: PMC10437080 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.940647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic hydatidosis, or echinococcosis, is a zoonosis with worldwide prevalence and is potentially lethal in humans. This report presents a case of hydatidosis in a 40-year-old woman that was associated with a zoonotic transmission of Echinococcus granulosus from domestic dogs in an urban-marginal area of the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador. This report shows how early diagnosis and awareness favored the correct treatment of the disease. CASE REPORT A 40-year-old woman from the aforementioned sector presented the following symptoms: malaise, pain in the upper right hypochondrium, palpable mass, jaundice, and fever. Next, the patient's fecal samples were analyzed by direct coproparasitic methods, flotation, and sedimentation with centrifugation using saline solution, whereby the presence of Entamoeba histolytica eggs was determined. Likewise, she underwent an ultrasound, in which hepatic hydatid cysts were observed. Subsequently, the cysts were treated and surgically removed, and parasitic forms of E. granulosus were identified. Later, coproparasitic analysis of her 2 domestic dogs for coproantigen ELISA were performed, by which the presence of this cestode was also identified and confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Hydatidosis is a zoonosis that can affect the population, especially in endemic areas of developed and underdeveloped countries. In this case, hepatic hydatidosis was identified in a 40-year-old woman. Additionally, the presence of E. granulosus eggs was determined in the fecal matter of her dogs, which indicated that the patient's relatives and other people around them were exposed to this zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Darwin Coello Peralta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Antonio Coello Cuntó
- Anatomy Laboratory, Medical Career, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Carmen Yancha Moreta
- Faculty of Health and Social Services, Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI), Milagro, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Luís Renato León Villalba
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology and Tropical Medicine LEMMT, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Cumbayá, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Geraldine Ramallo
- Instituto de Invertebrados, Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Chen CS, Zhang YG, Wang HJ, Fan HN. Effect and mechanism of reactive oxygen species-mediated NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome activation in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2153-2171. [PMID: 37122606 PMCID: PMC10130966 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i14.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a significant component of the innate immune system that plays a vital role in the development of various parasitic diseases. However, its role in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) remains unclear.
AIM To investigate the NLRP3 inflammasome and its mechanism of activation in HAE.
METHODS We assessed the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 in the marginal zone and corresponding normal liver of 60 patients with HAE. A rat model of HAE was employed to investigate the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the marginal zone of HAE. Transwell experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) in stimulating Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression; flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
RESULTS NLRP3 inflammasome activation was significantly associated with ROS. Inhibition of ROS production decreased NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1β pathway activation and mitigated hepatocyte damage and inflammation.
CONCLUSION E. multilocularis induces hepatocyte damage and inflammation by activating the ROS-mediated NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1β pathway in Kupffer cells, indicating that ROS may serve as a potential target for the treatment of HAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Song Chen
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai University, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yao-Gang Zhang
- Qinghai Province Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Hai-Jiu Wang
- Qinghai Province Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Hai-Ning Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Qinghai Province Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, Qinghai Province, China
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7
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Zhou M, Xu D, Zhang W, Wang Y, Zuo M, Wang S, Liu T, Zhang J, Yin L, Guo Z, Liu J, Tan J. The hepato-cardiac disorders in Tibetan residents with hepatic echinococcosis: A case-control echocardiography study. J Clin Ultrasound 2022; 50:1251-1259. [PMID: 36353905 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical guidelines indicate that chronic highland exposure could induce pulmonary hypertension; chronic hepatic disease may affect cardiac structure and functions. However, the simultaneous impact of hepatic echinococcosis (HE) and chronic highland exposure on cardiac structure and function in Tibetan residents are under-investigated. METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HE, 23 healthy high-altitude migrants with a mean residence time of 7.15 ± 1.12 years, and 46 healthy Tibetan permanent residents were enrolled in this study. All participants received comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS High-altitude migrants have a relatively lower pulmonary artery flow velocity (PV) and a slightly higher pulmonary artery mean pressure (PAMP) than the Tibetan permanent residents. Patients with HE presented relatively smaller dimensions of the main pulmonary artery and branches and a bigger right atrium and right ventricular cavity size than the two control groups. PV, PAMP and numbers of detectable tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity (TRJV), right ventricular fractional area change (RV_FAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), the ratio of tricuspid inflow velocities at early diastole to tricuspid annular early diastolic excursion velocity (RV_E/e') and right ventricular myocardial performance index (RV_MPI) were increased in patients with HE compared to the two control groups. Similarly, decreased LVEF and Impaired left ventricular diastolic function were identified in patients with HE compared to the two control groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HE presented with impaired biventricular contractile performance and diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The People's Hospital of Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The People's Hospital of Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The People's Hospital of Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology Department, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingliang Zuo
- Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology Department, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Siming Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The People's Hospital of Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The People's Hospital of Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixue Yin
- Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology Department, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyu Guo
- Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology Department, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The People's Hospital of Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
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Pang MQ, Liu CC, Shi DL, Fan HN. Research progress in the proteomics of Echinococcus multilocularis and alveolar echinococcosis. Asian J Surg 2022; 46:1826-1827. [PMID: 36334997 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Quan Pang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China; Qinghai Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China
| | - Chuan-Chuan Liu
- Qinghai Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China
| | - Da-Lin Shi
- Qinghai Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China
| | - Hai-Ning Fan
- Qinghai Research Key Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810000, China.
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Küçükyağlıoğlu A, Uslu U. Prevalence and Economic Significance of Hidatidosis in Cattle Slaughtered at an Abattoir in Konya, Turkey. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2022; 46:207-212. [PMID: 36094122 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2022.74946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine the period prevalence of hydatid cysts isolated from the livers of cattle slaughtered at a slaughterhouse in Konya. METHODS For this purpose, 49,545 cattle were slaughtered and examined for the presence of hydatid cysts in the liver. The study was conducted between June 01, 2018, and May 31, 2019. RESULTS The highest prevalence of hydatid cysts was observed in autumn 10.83% followed by spring 4.41%, winter 2.90%, and summer 2.66%, with an overall prevalence of 3.93%. Considering the month wise prevalence of hydatid cyst, the highest infection rate was detected in September (7.87%), June (7.16%) and August (7.14%), while the lowest prevalence was observed in February (2.72%) and January (2.83%). In gender-wise investigation, highest prevalence was observed in females (24.65%) during the summer and 18.45% inthe spring. In male animals, the infection rate was very low compared with females. However, the highest prevalence in males was observed throughout the year in autumn (2.36%) and the lowest prevalence in winter (1.68%). The highest prevalence was found among female cattle in heifers in winter (6.52%) and cows in summer (27.52%). CONCLUSION The overall economic losses of 56,434 USD were estimated due to discarded hydatid cyst-infected livers during the study period. This study enlightens the prevalence and economic significance of hydatidosis in Konya.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uğur Uslu
- Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Konya, Turkey
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Hassan Abood A, Khteer Al-Hadraawy S, Abdulhur Alibraheemi N, Zabibah RS, Khalfa HM. Histological Changes and Ghrelin, P-Selectin, and Leptin Parameter in Patients with Hepatic Hydatidosis in Iraq. Arch Razi Inst 2022; 77:585-590. [PMID: 36284960 PMCID: PMC9548257 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356856.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Humans and animals are affected by hydatid cyst disease as a worldwide zoonotic disease, which is caused by the metacestode stage of Echinococcus spp. This study was performed to evaluate the histological change of liver and blood concentrations of biomarkers, such as ghrelin, p-selectin, and leptin, in humans infected with hydatid cyst. A total of 30 surgical specimens of liver and blood of infected humans and 30 healthy individuals as a control group were evaluated. Liver tissue sections in cases infected with hydatid cyst and control group, histological abnormalities in the liver, including fibrosis, increased inflammatory cells, dystrophic areas, and necrosis were compared in this study. In addition, serum leptin levels were significantly lower in patients with hydatid cyst disease QUOTE <0.05) than in the control group (P-value<0.05), whereas p-selectin and ghrelin levels significantly decreased in patients (P-value<0.05). The results of this research can be effective in improving and promoting the treatment programs of hydatidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - R S Zabibah
- Department of Radiology Techniques, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - H M Khalfa
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
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Vuitton DA, Mantion G, Million L, Bresson-Hadni S. [Échinococcose alvéolaire]. Rev Prat 2020; 70:754-764. [PMID: 33739723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosi. Alveolar echinococcosis is a parasitic anthropo-zoonosis which looks like a slow-growing liver cancer. The lesions progressively obstruct hepatic vessels and bile ducts and invade neighboring organs, and it may metastasize to the lung and the brain and possibly all distant organs. Since the 1990s earlier diagnosis by imaging, advances in surgical and less invasive interventions, and prolonged anti-parasitic treatment using albendazole, have totally transformed the prognosis of the disease. However, in Europe, the endemic area has considerably increased, the number of alveolar echinococcosis cases has more than doubled in the previously identified endemic regions, and the disease may now be considered to be an 'opportunistic infection', especially diagnosed in those patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs and biologic agents. Alveolar echinococcosis is currently more and more often diagnosed incidentally, at an early stage of development, and not in the usual 'at risk' regions and populations. This makes differential diagnosis and care management more challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Solange Bresson-Hadni
- Centre national de référence pour les échinococcoses, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Akbulut
- Deaprtment of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig Yolu 10. Km, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Cemalettin Koc
- Deaprtment of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig Yolu 10. Km, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Tolga Sahin
- Deaprtment of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig Yolu 10. Km, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydatid cysts are caused by Echinococcus granulosus infection, and hydatidosis is recognized as a re-emerging zoonotic disease globally. While the liver is the most commonly affected organ, other organs can also be affected, including the heart. Because of the low sensitivity and specificity of serologic diagnostic tests, ultrasound and echocardiography are increasingly used to make the diagnosis of cardiac hydatid cyst. CASE REPORT We report the case of a cardiac hydatid cyst, detected by point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), in a 79-year-old woman who presented with shortness of breath and was in ventricular tachycardia. The diagnosis was further confirmed with a computed tomography scan. Although cases of alveolar and liver hydatid cysts are seen, this is the first case of a cardiac hydatid cyst in Bhutan. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: This case illustrates the importance of POCUS in reaching a diagnosis, particularly in resource-poor areas where other sophisticated diagnostic tools are not easily available. A cardiac hydatid cyst must be in the differential for structural causes of dysrhythmias. This is especially so because treatment of unstable dysrhythmias in the acute setting of an emergency department has to be modified from the usual algorithm in the presence of a cardiac hydatid cyst, due to the potentially fatal risk of cyst rupture and anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Giri
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Shankar LeVine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Melanie R Watts
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
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Bläckberg J, Asgeirsson H, Glimåker K, Lier T, Sasor A. [Echinococcus multilocularis infection - six cases during two years in Sweden]. Lakartidningen 2020; 117:FTPX. [PMID: 32045004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis is a zoonosis presenting with focal liver lesions and has a poor prognosis without treatment. The disease is common in Central and Eastern Europe but has been highly unusual in Sweden. A suspicion of AE usually arises through radiology and the diagnosis may be confirmed by histology and/or serological antibody detection. AE is treated with radical surgery in combination with anti-helminthic drug therapy. During the last two years six cases of AE have been diagnosed in Sweden. In no case was AE suspected clinically before biopsy. A heightened awareness of AE is needed among Swedish physicians, including radiologists, surgeons and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bläckberg
- Infectious Diseases - Lund, Sweden Infectious Diseases - Lund, Sweden
| | - Hilmir Asgeirsson
- Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset - Infektionssjukdomar Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset - Infektionssjukdomar Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Glimåker
- Universitetssjukhuset i Linköping - Infektionssjukdomar Linkoping, Sweden Universitetssjukhuset i Linköping - Infektionssjukdomar Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Tore Lier
- Folkhalsomyndigheten - Enheten för parasitologi Solna, Sweden Folkhalsomyndigheten - Enheten för parasitologi Solna, Sweden
| | - Agata Sasor
- Region Skåne - Labmedicin, Patologi Lund, Sweden Region Skåne - Labmedicin, Patologi Lund, Sweden
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Kelzang S, Dorji T, Tenzin T. Clinical Profile and Outcome of Surgery of Patients with Hydatid Cysts at the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan: An Observational Study. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2019; 17:166-169. [PMID: 33305741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Hydatid disease a zoonosis caused by tapeworms (cestodes) of genus Echinococcus. Humans acquire this infection by ingestion of eggs of Echinococcus from infected dogs, sheep, goat, cattle or pigs. Hydatid cyst causes significant morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic loss. Objective The objective of this study was to describe the clinical profile and short-term outcome of surgical treatment of hydatidosis at Bhutan's largest hospital. Method This was a descriptive study conducted among patients ≥ 18 years at the National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan from 01 January to 31 December 2017. Data on pre-surgery treatment, type and outcome of surgery and histopathology were collected. Data was entered analysed in EpiData. All variables are presented using descriptive statistics. Ethics approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Board of Health, Ministry of Health, Bhutan. Result There were 38 patients who underwent surgeries. The mean age of the sample was 36 (±17) years; cases were reported from almost all districts in the country. The most common symptoms at presentation was abdominal pain (27, 71.4%), nausea (21, 55.3%), abdominal distension (16, 41.1%). The median duration of symptoms was 6.0 months (IQR 3.0, 12.0). Liver was involved in 36 patients (94.7%). All underwent de-roofing and drainage through laparotomy (35; 92.1%), laparoscopy (2, 5.3%) or throracotomy (1, 2.6%). Histopathologic confirmation was obtained in 28 patients (73.7%). Twenty-three patients (60.5%) suffered from minor post-operative complications. Conclusion Patients with hydatid cyst present with abdominal pain, nausea abdominal distension. They suffer with symptoms for long periods till surgical treatment. The majority had favourable outcomes of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kelzang
- Faculty of Postgraduate Medicine, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - T Dorji
- Kidu Medical Unit, His Majesty's People's Project, Thimphu, Bhutan. Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - T Tenzin
- Faculty of Postgraduate Medicine, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences, Thimphu, Bhutan. Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
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Gupta R, Mittal P, Mittal A, Sekhon PS, Sachdeva V, Mirchia S. MDCT Depiction of Spontaneous Rupture of Hepatic Hydatid Cyst with Peritoneal Hydatidosis. J Assoc Physicians India 2017; 65:93-94. [PMID: 29327528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Preetparkash Singh Sekhon
- Resident, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
| | - Vanie Sachdeva
- Resident, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
| | - Sana Mirchia
- Resident, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
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Abudusalamu A, Tuerhongjiang T, Ma HZ, Zhang H, Zhang H, Abudukaiyoumu M, Li YP, Shadike A, Lin RY, Shao YM, Wen H. [Changes of Toll-like Receptor mRNA and Related Cytokines in Patients with Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2016; 34:542-546. [PMID: 30141853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2) and TLR4 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in the liver of patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE), and their correlations with related cytokines in plasma. METHODS Twenty-eight HAE patients hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University during January 2012 and June 2015 and 28 healthy volunteers as a control were enrolled in this study. Plasma levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-23, and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. qRT-PCR was performed to detect TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA levels in PBMCs and hepatic tissues. The percentage of peripheral blood eosinophil (Eo%) was determined by a hematology analyzer. The correlations of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA levels in PBMCs with levels of related cytokines and Eo% were analyzed with the Spearman Correlation method. RESULTS ELISA results showed that the plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-23, and IL-10 in the HAE group were (301.100±47.290), (43.420±11.380), (86.580±31.990) and (8.766±7.568) pg/ml respectively, which were higher than those in the control[(301.100±67.790), (40.970±6.310), (46.770±15.490) and (6.272±10.360) pg/ml] with a statistical significance for IL-23 (P<0.01). Results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of TLR2 in the HAE group (0.100±0.084) was significantly higher than that in the control (0.055±0.040) (P<0.05), while the expression level of TLR4 in the HAE group (0.004±0.003) was comparable to that in the control(0.003±0.002)(P>0.05). The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA in HAE lesions in the HAE group(29.680±25.650 and 21.340±16.640, respectively) were both significantly higher than that in para-lesion regions(2.308±4.140 and 5.541±9.233) and that in tissues of the control (1.112±1.431 and 1.100±1.734)(P<0.01). There was also a significant difference in Eo% between the HAE(0.448±0.240) and the control(0.110±0.100) groups. Spearman correlation coefficients revealed a positive correlation of TLR2 mRNA in PBMCs with plasma IL-23 level and peripheral blood Eo% in HAE subjects(r=0.368, r=0.382, respectively). CONCLUSION There are increases in TLR2 and TLR4 mNRA expression in PBMCs and in HAE lesions in HAE patients. The TLR2 mNRA expression in PBMCs positively correlates with plasma IL-23 level and peripheral Eo%.
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Patel V, Beal SG, Zendejas I, Duckworth LV, Gupte A. Photo Quiz. A 57-Year-Old Mexican Woman With Epigastric Fullness, Weight Loss, and a Liver Mass. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:799, 850-1. [PMID: 26261277 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Zhang YG, Zhang SJ. [Research progress on the relationship between osteopontin and hepatic echinococcosis]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2011; 29:310-318. [PMID: 21972612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin is a negatively charged, hydrophilic secreted phosphorylated glycoprotein. It is synthesized and secreted by a variety of cells, and is found in various tissues and cells. The protein is similar in structure to matrix proteins, has the characteristics of cytokines in function and involved in a series of pathological processes. Recent studies confirmed that osteopontin is highly expressed in liver hydatid cyst and may play an important role in cyst formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-guo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832008, China
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Jiang XF, Wang T, Bian T. [Severe multiple hepatic-celiac-pulmonary hydatid disease: one case report]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2011; 29:78-79. [PMID: 21823335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Han J, Zhang DQ, Bao GS. [Two cases of alveolar echinococcosis in Minle County of Gansu province ]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2011; 29:41-42. [PMID: 21823323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Gil Grande LA, Sánchez Ruano JJ, López San Román A, García-Hoz F, Barcena R, Salinas F. [Treatment of hepatic and intra-abdominal hydatidosis with mebendazole: prospective comparison of the cyclic and the continuous regimen]. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1993; 84:386-9. [PMID: 8129993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To communicate the results of two different schedules (cyclic and continuous) of mebendazole therapy for hepatic and intraabdominal hydatid disease. DESIGN Prospective and randomized. PATIENTS 26 cases of abdominal hydatid disease. RESULTS No significant differences were registered between both groups. CONCLUSION Cyclic mebendazole therapy does not improve the results of continuous treatment in abdominal hydatid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Gil Grande
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid
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Kays DW. Pediatric liver cysts and abscesses. Semin Pediatr Surg 1992; 1:107-14. [PMID: 1345476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Cystic liver lesions in children pose diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. When discovered during evaluation of abdominal distension, the likely cause is benign hepatic cyst. Surgical intervention aimed at resection is highly curative. Echinococcal disease, usually distinguishable from nonparasitic cystic disease, is rare in children in the United States. Therapy is aimed at sterilization and complete excision of hydatid tissue. Cystic liver lesions in septic children represent liver abscesses, pyogenic or amebic, which are frequently fatal if not diagnosed early and treated appropriately. Ultrasonography and computed tomography have simplified the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases, but a high index of suspicion is required because the signs and symptoms of liver abscess in children are nonspecific.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Kays
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Babies Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
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Abstract
A rare case of cerebral alveolar hydatid disease in a 41-year-old female is presented. The larval mass was subtotally removed and the presence of alveolar hydatid cysts established histologically. Postoperatively, slight mental disturbance persisted but paresis did not develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro Rosai Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
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Reddy CC, Reddy MM, Sarada P, Kumari GS, Hari N, Sarma HN, Yellappa K. Hydatid disease in children. Indian J Pediatr 1979; 46:397-400. [PMID: 546757 DOI: 10.1007/bf02902971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Burdescu C, Singer I, Achimescu G, Ionescu D, Tender V, Diaconu I. [Hydatid cysts of plurivisceral localizations in a child]. Rev Chir Oncol Radiol O R L Oftalmol Stomatol Chir 1978; 27:307-8. [PMID: 694086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
In 221 patients (0.48% of hospital admissions) with hydatid disease (122 female and 99 males), 81% had single and 19% multiple organs involved. Lungs, liver and spleen as single sites of echinococcosis together represented 83.24% of cases and the liver alone represented 95.24% of instances with multiple organ involvement. One hundred seventy-nine single and 74 multiple cysts (ratio of 2.42/1) represented a total of 363 cysts (1.64 cysts/patient). The incidence of intact cysts was 51.52% and 48.48% had ruptured. Ruptures numbered highest in the lungs (73.44%) and greater in multiple (79.66%) than in single cysts (68.12%). In the liver, 27.14% of single and 54.55% of multiple cysts (40.44% of all liver cysts) had ruptured. Cysts varied in size from 0.8 to 35 cm diameter. Single cysts averaged significantly higher (14.16 cm) and multiple ones lower (5.71 cm) as did intact (6.75 cm) versus reptured cysts (4.33 cm). Except for 10 silent and 15 symptomatic cysts treated medically, all the rest were treated surgically by removal of the endocyst or resection of both endo and exocysts including 205 first, 31 second and 5 third procedures (1.75% of all major operations). Complications occurred in 28.57%. Surgical mortality (3.57%) was markedly lower than with conservative treatment (60%) and significantly less than that of the whole group (14.48%).
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Velikoretskiĭ AN. [Echinococcosis of the liver]. Feldsher Akush 1975; 40:16-22. [PMID: 1040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Fourteen cavograms showing abnormal findings were selected from a total of 500 examinations; in these the diagnosis had been confirmed surgically, histologically, at autopsy or by the clinical course. The aim of selecting this material was to determine retrospectively the accuracy to cavography in localising retroperitoneal masses, to determine their extent, whether it is possible to diagnose the type of tumour and whether the presence of thrombi can be regarded as a sign of invasion of the cava by malignant tumour. The abnormal cavograms were evaluated with respect to certain radiological signs and the diagnostic value of individual signs was calculated statistically. It was found that the only fairly reliable sign of tumour thrombus consists of an ill-defined impression with breaks in the continuity of the vascular margin. All other radiological signs examined were found to be non-specific.
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Vilaseca J, Vidal Plá R, Caralps A, Bacardí R, Vidal MT, Rius JM. [Hepatic hydatidosis. Study of 47 cases]. Rev Clin Esp 1974; 134:271-8. [PMID: 4438732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bout D, Fruit J, Capron A. [Purification of a specific antigen from hydatid fluid (author's transl)]. Ann Immunol (Paris) 1974; 125 C:775-88. [PMID: 4218467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cachin M, Launois JP. [Liver and bile duct diseases in 1973]. Rev Prat 1974; 24:145-6 passim. [PMID: 4545908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Barriga OO. [Survival of Echinococcus granulosus scolices in saline solution and in hydatid fluid at different temperatures]. Bol Chil Parasitol 1971; 26:80-4. [PMID: 5149615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Palma F. [Hepatic hydatidosis]. Rev Esp Enferm Apar Dig 1971; 34:223-30. [PMID: 5561672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Gomez Duran J, Figuera D. [Surgical complications of the biliary tract caused by hydatidosis]. Prensa Med Argent 1970; 57:356-60. [PMID: 5517539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Pennoit-De Cooman E, De Rycke PH. Experimental secondary echinococcosis of Echinococcus granulosus. I. Development in different strains of mice. Z Parasitenkd 1970; 34:362-70. [PMID: 5475649 DOI: 10.1007/bf00260304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Vekhter GK. [Case of complete displacement of the duodenum]. Vestn Rentgenol Radiol 1970; 45:97-8. [PMID: 5469985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Webster GA, Willett EE. Primary pulmonary involvement in rodents infected with Echinococcus multilocularis. CAN J ZOOL 1969; 47:1412-3. [PMID: 5378707 DOI: 10.1139/z69-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary cysts developed in four gerbils and one cotton rat infected orally with Alaskan strain Echinococcus multilocularis eggs. In three cases, liver and lung cysts were similar. Two rodents, however, showed typical fertile pulmonary cysts while the liver foci were small and sterile or necrotic. For these reasons, the lung infections were considered to be primary in origin.
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