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Li X, Men X, Ji L, Chen X, He S, Zhang P, Chen S. NLRP3-mediated periodontal ligament cell pyroptosis promotes root resorption. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:474-486. [PMID: 38164052 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanisms by which periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) convert biomechanical stimulation into inflammatory microenvironment inducing root resorption (RR). MATERIALS AND METHODS RNA sequencing was employed to explore mechanisms in force-inflammatory signal transduction. Then resorption volume, odontoclastic activity, PDLC pyroptotic ratio and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated pyroptosis pathway activation were analysed under force and pyroptosis inhibition. Further osteoclast formation, macrophage number and transwell polarization demonstrated the effects of PDLC pyroptosis on osteoclastogenesis and M1 polarization. RESULTS RNA sequencing revealed that NLRP3-mediated PDLC pyroptosis induced by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)/NLRP3 pathway may be involved in mechano-inflammatory signal transduction. PDLC pyroptosis under force and the expression of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis pathway in force-enhanced PDLCs were significantly increased, both in vivo and in vitro. MCC950 administration was sufficient to reduce PDLC pyroptosis and alleviate RR, odontoclast formation and M1 polarization in vivo. Further in vitro exploration showed that MCC950 treatment reduced PDLC force-promoted pyroptosis and blocked NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis pathway. Moreover, by treating THP-1 with force-pretreated PDLCs or supernatants, NLRP3-mediated PDLC pyroptotic released products induced osteoclast formation and M1 polarization. CONCLUSIONS NLRP3-mediated PDLC pyroptosis promotes RR. PDLCs transmit excessive force into inflammation signals through TLR4/NFκB/NLRP3 pathway, inducing PDLC pyroptosis, which directly promotes odontoclast formation and subsequent RR or promotes M1 polarization to indirectly trigger odontoclastogenesis and RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinrui Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shushu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Das A, Yesupatham S, Allison D, Tanwar H, Gnanasekaran J, Kear B, Wang X, Wang S, Zachariadou C, Abbasi Y, Chung M, Ozato K, Liu C, Foster B, Thumbigere-Math V. Murine IRF8 Mutation Offers New Insight into Osteoclast and Root Resorption. J Dent Res 2024; 103:318-328. [PMID: 38343385 PMCID: PMC10985390 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231222173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a transcription factor expressed in immune cells, functions as a negative regulator of osteoclasts and helps maintain dental and skeletal homeostasis. Previously, we reported that a novel mutation in the IRF8 gene increases susceptibility to multiple idiopathic cervical root resorption (MICRR), a form of tooth root resorption mediated by increased osteoclast activity. The IRF8 G388S variant in the highly conserved C-terminal motif is predicted to alter the protein structure, likely impairing IRF8 function. To investigate the molecular basis of MICRR and IRF8 function in osteoclastogenesis, we generated Irf8 knock-in (KI) mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technique modeling the human IRF8G388S mutation. The heterozygous (Het) and homozygous (Homo) Irf8 KI mice showed no gross morphological defects, and the development of hematopoietic cells was unaffected and similar to wild-type (WT) mice. The Irf8 KI Het and Homo mice showed no difference in macrophage gene signatures important for antimicrobial defenses and inflammatory cytokine production. Consistent with the phenotype observed in MICRR patients, Irf8 KI Het and Homo mice demonstrated significantly increased osteoclast formation and resorption activity in vivo and in vitro when compared to WT mice. The oral ligature-inserted Het and Homo mice displayed significantly increased root resorption and osteoclast-mediated alveolar bone loss compared to WT mice. The increased osteoclastogenesis noted in KI mice is due to the inability of IRF8G388S mutation to inhibit NFATc1-dependent transcriptional activation and downstream osteoclast specific transcripts, as well as its impact on autophagy-related pathways of osteoclast differentiation. This translational study delineates the IRF8 domain important for osteoclast function and provides novel insights into the IRF8 mutation associated with MICRR. IRF8G388S mutation mainly affects osteoclastogenesis while sparing immune cell development and function. These insights extend beyond oral health and significantly advance our understanding of skeletal disorders mediated by increased osteoclast activity and IRF8's role in osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Das
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S.K. Yesupatham
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D. Allison
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H. Tanwar
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J. Gnanasekaran
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B. Kear
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - X. Wang
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C. Zachariadou
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Y. Abbasi
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M.K. Chung
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K. Ozato
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C. Liu
- Transgenic Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B.L. Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - V. Thumbigere-Math
- Division of Periodontology, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Odo A, Kunimatsu R, Abe T, Sakata S, Nakatani A, Rikitake K, Koizumi Y, Tanabe I, Okimura N, Yoshimi Y, Tanimoto K. Stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth-based media in a rat root resorption model. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 158:105854. [PMID: 38056228 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Root resorption may occur during orthodontic treatment. Herein, we investigated the effect of a culture supernatant of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth on root resorption. DESIGN Twelve 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and their maxillary first molars were pulled with excessive orthodontic force to induce root resorption. On days 1 and 7 after traction initiation, stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth and alpha minimum essential medium (control group) were administered. After 14 days, the maxillary bone was evaluated for tooth movement. The expression of osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and interleukin 17 was evaluated on the compression side and tension side. RESULTS No significant difference in tooth movement was observed between the two groups. Root resorption decreased in the group administered the culture supernatant compared with in the control. Immunohistochemical staining revealed increased osteoprotegerin expression and decreased receptor activators for nuclear factor κB ligand, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and interleukin 17 on the compression side and tension side. CONCLUSIONS Administration of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth affected the expression of osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and interleukin 17; hence, these stem cells may inhibit root resorption by regulating their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Odo
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Ryo Kunimatsu
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan.
| | - Takaharu Abe
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Shuzo Sakata
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nakatani
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kodai Rikitake
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuma Koizumi
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Izumi Tanabe
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Naonobu Okimura
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimi
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Oral Health and Development, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Development Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Wang H, Li T, Jiang Y, Chen S, Zou S, Bonewald LF, Duan P. Force-Loaded Cementocytes Regulate Osteoclastogenesis via S1P/S1PR1/Rac1 Axis. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1376-1386. [PMID: 37735908 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231195765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is the major iatrogenic complication of orthodontic treatment, seriously endangering tooth longevity and impairing masticatory function. Osteoclasts are thought to be the primary effector cells that initiate the pathological process of OIIRR; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for OIIRR remain unclear. Our previous studies revealed that cementocytes, the major mechanically responsive cells in cementum, respond to compressive stress to activate and influence osteoclasts locally. For this study, we hypothesized that the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway, a key mechanotransduction pathway in cementocytes, may regulate osteoclasts under the different magnitudes of either physiologic compressive stress that causes tooth movement or pathologic stress that causes OIIRR. Here, we show a biphasic effect of higher compression force stimulating the synthesis and secretion of S1P, whereas lower compression force reduced signaling in IDG-CM6 cementocytes. Using conditioned media from force-loaded cementocytes, we verified the cell-to-cell communication between cementocytes and osteoclasts and show that selective knockdown of S1PR1 and Rac1 plays a role in cementocyte-driven osteoclastogenesis via the S1P/S1PR1/Rac1 axis. Most importantly, the use of inhibitors of this axis reduced or prevented the pathological process of OIIRR. The intercellular communication mechanisms between cementocytes and osteoclasts may serve as a promising therapeutic target for OIIRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases;Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases;Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
| | - Y Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases;Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases;Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases;Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L F Bonewald
- Departments of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - P Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases;Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Rajeshwari HRS, Kishen A. Periodontal Fibroblasts-Macrophage Crosstalk in External Inflammatory Root Resorption. J Endod 2023; 49:1145-1153.e3. [PMID: 37268291 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to understand the influence of periodontal fibroblasts (PDLFs) on clastic differentiation of macrophages (Mφ) in different resorptive environments. METHODS PDLF-Mφ direct coculture (juxtacrine) was seeded on dentin, cementum, and polystyrene with/without lipopolysaccharide, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand for 7 and 14 days and stained for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. PDLF-Mφ cocultured on polystyrene were immunostained for CD80, CD206, NFATc1, STAT6, and periostin, and cell culture supernatants were assessed for cytokines on days 2 and 7. Mφ grown in conditioned media of PDLFs (paracrine) and Mφ monoculture were used as controls. Data was analyzed using Student t test and one-way analysis of variance with the Tukey multiple comparisons test (P < .05). RESULTS PDLF-Mφ coculture showed a higher number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells than Mφ monoculture on dentin and polystyrene. No TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were observed in paracrine and cementum. The expression of CD80 and CD206 in PDLF-Mφ was similar at day 2, whereas CD206 was greater than CD80 at day 7. The expression of STAT6 was greater than NFATc1 at both days 2 and 7 (P < .05). Periostin expression in the presence of the lipopolysaccharide, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand combination was down-regulated in PDLF monoculture, whereas it was up-regulated in PDLF-Mφ coculture. The cytokine profile of PDLF-Mφ on day 2 was predominated by interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and MMP9 and MMP2 on day 7. IL-6 and IL-8 showed steady expression at both days 2 and 7. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the juxtacrine effect of PDLFs on the clastic differentiation of Mφ with a difference in clastic activity between dentin and cementum. The study also emphasizes the temporal effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha, MMP2, MMP9, and IL-1β on intercellular crosstalk in resorptive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Kishen
- The Kishen Lab, Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Health System, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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He W, Fu Y, Yao S, Huang L. Programmed cell death of periodontal ligament cells. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1768-1787. [PMID: 37566596 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The periodontal ligament is a crucial tissue that provides support to the periodontium. Situated between the alveolar bone and the tooth root, it consists primarily of fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and epithelial cell rests of Malassez. Fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts are functionally differentiated cells, whereas PDLSCs are undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. The dynamic development of these cells is intricately linked to periodontal changes and homeostasis. Notably, the regulation of programmed cell death facilitates the clearance of necrotic tissue and plays a pivotal role in immune response. However, it also potentially contributes to the loss of periodontal supporting tissues and root resorption. These findings have significant implications for understanding the occurrence and progression of periodontitis, as well as the mechanisms underlying orthodontic root resorption. Further, the regulation of periodontal ligament cell (PDLC) death is influenced by both systemic and local factors. This comprehensive review focuses on recent studies reporting the mechanisms of PDLC death and related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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Ueda-Ichinose Y, Hotokezaka H, Miyazaki T, Moriishi T, Hotokezaka Y, Arizono K, Nakamura T, Yoshida N. Lithium reduces orthodontically induced root resorption by suppressing cell death, hyalinization, and odontoclast formation in rats. Angle Orthod 2022; 92:547-554. [PMID: 35130346 DOI: 10.2319/072221-578.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether lithium suppresses orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR) via two mechanisms (prevention of hyalinization in periodontal tissue and suppression of odontoclasts) and to investigate the changes in the periodontal tissue and alveolar bone, focusing on the appearance of cell death, hyalinization, and odontoclasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maxillary first molars of 10-week-old male Wistar rats were moved mesially by a closed-coil spring for 14 days. Lithium chloride (LiCl; 0.64 mM/kg) or saline (control) was administered intraperitoneally daily. Tooth movements were measured using micro-computed tomography. Appearances of cell death, hyalinization, and odontoclasts were evaluated by histological analysis. RESULTS OIRR observed on day 14 in the control group was suppressed strongly by LiCl administration. Apoptotic cells observed on day 1 in the compression area were gradually diminished on days 2 and 3 and transformed to hyalinization tissue in the control group. LiCl administration remarkably suppressed this cell death and subsequent hyalinization. Also, the appearance of odontoclasts in the compression area observed on day 7 was significantly suppressed by LiCl administration. Accordingly, these degenerative processes to OIRR were suppressed substantially by LiCl treatment. CONCLUSIONS Lithium reduces OIRR through the suppression of periodontal ligament cell death, hyalinization, and odontoclast formation.
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Xiao S, Li L, Yao J, Wang L, Li K, Yang C, Wang C, Fan Y. Microcracks on the Rat Root Surface Induced by Orthodontic Force, Crack Extension Simulation, and Proteomics Study. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:2228-2242. [PMID: 33686616 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Root resorption is a common complication during orthodontic treatment. Microcracks occur on the root surface after an orthodontic force is applied and may be related to the root resorption caused by the orthodontic process. However, the mechanisms underlying root resorption induced by microcracks remain unclear. In this study, a rat orthodontic model was used to investigate the biological mechanisms of root resorption caused by microcracks. First, the first molar was loaded with 0.5-N orthodontic force for 7 days, and microcracks were observed on the root apex surface using a scanning electron microscope. Second, to describe the mechanical principle resulting in microcracks, a finite element model of rat orthodontics was established, which showed that a maximum stress on the root apex can cause microcrack extension. Third, after 7 days of loading in vivo, histological observation revealed that root resorption occurred in the stress concentration area and cementoclasts appeared in the resorption cavity. Finally, proteomics analysis of the root apex area, excluding the periodontal ligament, revealed that the NOX2, Aifm1, and MAPK signaling pathways were involved in the root resorption process. Microcrack extension on the root surface increases calcium ion concentrations, alters the proteins related to root resorption, and promotes cementoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhao Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Linhao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jie Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kaimin Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chongshi Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Zhu YF, Guan WQ, Lin F, Chen WH. A New Luminescent Zn(II) Complex: Selective Sensing of Cr 2O 72- and Prevention Activity Against Orthodontic Root Absorption by Suppressing Inflammatory Response. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:1233-1240. [PMID: 32757089 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02597-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel luminescent coordination polymer (CP) based on Zn(II) ions as nodes [Zn(OPY)1.5(Hbtc)]n (1), [H3btc = trimesic acid and OPY = 4,4'-(oxybis(4,1-phenylene))dipyridine] has been prepared via the solvothermal assembly of a tripodal multicarboxylic acid ligand, a bis-pyridyl ligand with V-shape containing two diverse coordination patterns as well as Zn2 + ion. The experiments of photoluminescence also reflect that the coordination polymer 1 has high sensitivity to potassium dichromate, and its quenching efficiency is Ksv of 2.12 × 104 L·mol- 1. Furthermore, its treatment activity on orthodontic root absorption was evaluated in vivo. Firstly, the CCK-8 assay was performed in this research to evaluate the biotoxicity of the synthetic compound. Next, the TNF-α and Cbfα1 released by the periodontal ligament fibroblast was determined via the ELISA test kit. In addition to this, the signaling pathway of NF-κB activation after treated with compound was measured by the RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Qun Guan
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Hui Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Yamamoto T, Kaku M, Sumi H, Yashima Y, Izumino J, Tanimoto K. Effects of loxoprofen on the apical root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194453. [PMID: 29694352 PMCID: PMC5919005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed that severe apical root resorption during tooth movement is caused by the noninfective inflammatory reaction of apical root tissues. We hypothesized that loxoprofen can suppress apical root resorption during tooth movement. Cyclic tensile force (CTF) of 10 kPa was applied to the human pulp cells for 48 hours by the Flexcell Strain Unit. Loxoprofen (10 and 100 μM) was added to the culture cells, and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were examined. To determine the effects of loxoprofen sodium on apical root reabsorption during tooth movement, the upper first molars of 7-week-old rats were subjected to mesial movement by 10g force for 30 days with or without the oral administration of loxoprofen. Gene expression and protein concentration of COX-1, COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, RANKL and M-CSF were significantly higher in the CTF group than in the control group. However, these levels were decreased by loxoprofen administration. After orthodontic tooth movement, the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, RANKL and M-CSF decreased in the loxoprofen group than in the control group by immunohistochemical staining. In comparison to control group, less number of odontoclasts and a decrease in the amount of apical root resorption was observed in the loxoprofen group. Many osteoclasts became visible on the pressure side of the alveolar bone in the both groups, and the amount of tooth movement did not show a significant difference. These findings demonstrate that severe apical root resorption may be suppressed by loxoprofen administration, without a disturbance of tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Yamamoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Kaku
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiromi Sumi
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Yashima
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jin Izumino
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tanimoto
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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11
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To immunohistochemically investigate the longitudinal changes in root resorption by jiggling force in experimental animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-six 12-week-old male Wistar rats were used. The maxillary first molars were alternately moved in the buccal and lingual direction in 28 rats (experimental group) using an experimental appliance to produce jiggling forces of 10 g. In another 28 rats (control group), the maxillary first molars were moved in only the lingual direction with a force of 10 g. After 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21 days, the maxillae were resected and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. The resorption area was quantified histomorphometrically and the number of odontoclasts on the root surface was counted. Expression of RANKL and OPG was also examined by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The root resorption area and the number of odontoclasts were significantly greater in the experimental group than in controls. Odontoclasts were detected in the resorption lacunae and PDL in the experimental group, whereas osteoclasts were located only along the alveolar bone in controls. OPG was detected on the alveolar bone in the experimental group and on the root surfaces of the controls. CONCLUSIONS Jiggling force is a critical factor in severe root resorption, affecting RANKL and OPG expression, which accelerates and inhibits odontoclastic induction, respectively.
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12
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Bille MLB, Thomsen B, Andersen TL, Kjær I. Immunolocalization of RANK and RANKL along the root surface and in the periodontal membrane of human primary and permanent teeth. Acta Odontol Scand 2012; 70:265-71. [PMID: 22397362 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.641585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Root resorption, impaired tooth eruption and early tooth loss have been described in relation to diseases that involve defects in the RANK-RANKL-OPG-expression. The aim of the present immunhistochemical study was to localize and compare the reactions for RANK and membrane-bound RANKL along root surfaces and in the periodontal membrane in close proximity to the root surface of human primary and permanent teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS The material comprised extracted human teeth (11 primary teeth and six permanent teeth) from 10 different patients. Paraffin sections were prepared of each tooth and sections of each tooth were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies specific for membrane-bound RANKL and RANK. RESULTS The root surface and the periodontal membrane in close proximity to the root surface did not show immunoreactivity for RANKL. RANKL was only located in odontoblasts and in cells along denticles in one primary tooth. RANK was located in mononuclear cells in the pulp and in multinucleated odontoclasts along resorbed root surfaces and along resorbed dentin surfaces in the pulp in primary teeth and one permanent tooth. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated RANK positivity in resorption areas in primary and permanent teeth. RANKL was positive in the pulp of one primary tooth. RANK expression in odontoclasts and RANKL expression in the pulp may indicate that RANK/RANKL play a role during resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bastholm Bille
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Liu ZF, Xu J, E LL, Wang DS, Bei DD. [Effect of ultrasound on osteoprotegerin and receptor activator nuclear factor kappaB ligand expression during root resorption in rats]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2011; 31:813-816. [PMID: 21602131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of pulsed ultrasound on the expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) during root resorption in a mouse model of orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats (6-8 weeks old) were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups, including the blank control group, two ultrasound exposure groups with daily local LIPUS stimulation (100 and 150 MW/cm(2)) for 10 days during mechanical loading, and the control group with mechanical loading but not LIPUS exposure. Nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were used to generate 100 g mesial force for 10 days to move the maxillary right first molars. The expression of OPG and RANKL proteins at the compression sites was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Ultrasound stimulation significantly up-regulated the expression of OPG and down-regulated RANKL expression (P<0.05). The expressions of OPG and RANKL showed significant differences between the two ultrasound exposure groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Ultrasound stimulation might be useful to protect against root resorption and accelerate its repair by regulating the expressions of OPG and RANKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-feng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China
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Lin BC, Yang J, Zhao YM, Ge LH. [The role of pulp in the root resorption of primary teeth without permanent tooth germs]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2011; 46:157-161. [PMID: 21575437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of pulp in the root resorption of primary teeth without permanent tooth germs. METHODS The animal model without permanent tooth germs was established by surgery in Beagle dog. The root resorption was observed by taking periapical radiographs periodically. The samples of mandibular bone and pulp at different resorption stages were collected. The distribution of odontoclasts and the activating factor was analyzed by histological staining and semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The role of pulp in the root resorption of primary teeth was tested by early pulpectomy. RESULTS In the root resorption of primary molars without permanent teeth germs, a large number of odontoclasts were present on the pulpal surface of the root canal. Semi-quantification RT-PCR showed that the ratios of the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) mRNA and β-actin in the pulp of permanent teeth and primary teeth without permanent teeth germ during different periods of root resorption are 0.1314, 0.1901, 0.2111 and 0.6058 (P > 0.05). The root resorption of primary teeth without permanent teeth germs in test groups was about 5 weeks later than that of control group. CONCLUSIONS The pulp of primary tooth played an important role in the root resorption of primary tooth without permanent tooth germ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-chen Lin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School, Beijing, China
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15
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Bönecker M, Mantesso A, de Araújo NS, Araújo VC. Expression of proteins in the extracellular matrix of pulp tissue in human primary teeth during physiologic root resorption. Quintessence Int 2009; 40:553-558. [PMID: 19626229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the expression of tenascin, fibronectin, collagens I and III, osteonectin, and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in the extracellular matrix of pulp tissue in primary teeth during physiologic root resorption. METHOD AND MATERIALS Eighteen teeth were decalcified and equally distributed into 3 groups (group I, teeth with two-thirds root length; group II, teeth with one-third root length; and group III, teeth lacking the root). RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis showed that all the proteins were expressed. Tenascin, collagen I, and osteonectin showed strong and broad reactivity in group I, with weaker and rare reactivity in groups II and III. The expression of fibronectin, collagen III, and BMP4 did not vary with root resorption phase. CONCLUSION The expression of tenascin, collagen I, and osteonectin was reduced in the extracellular matrix and odontoblasts during root resorption. This fact may be related to the decreasing pulp response to damage and treatment during the progression of root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Bönecker
- São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Balducci L, Ramachandran A, Hao J, Narayanan K, Evans C, George A. Biological markers for evaluation of root resorption. Arch Oral Biol 2006; 52:203-8. [PMID: 17097600 PMCID: PMC2086804 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND External apical root resorption is a pathologic consequence of orthodontic tooth movement. Cementum and dentin are removed from the root surface while active force is present. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify and quantify extracellular matrix proteins, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), dentin phosphophoryn (PP), and dentin sialoprotein (DSP) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment. METHODS Subjects with mild (less than 2mm) and severe (more than 2mm) root resorption during orthodontic treatment were identified by radiographs. A control group of subjects with neither signs of root loss nor undergoing orthodontic treatment was also identified. GCF was collected from the upper incisors by using filter paper strips (Periopaper). The absorbed GCF was eluted and the proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE analysis and stained. Western blot and ELISA were also performed. One-way ANOVA and Scheffé test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS SDS-PAGE analysis identified proteins at 77, 66, 55, 50 and 26kDa. Immunoblotting did not show any differential expression pattern between control and study groups. ELISA results revealed a significant difference in the concentrations of DMP1, PP and DSP between control and root resorption groups. Concentration of PP and DSP in severe root resorption group was also statistically higher than in mild root resorption group. CONCLUSION DSP and PP could be suitable biological markers for monitoring root resorption during orthodontic treatment, since a significant difference in the level of these dentin specific proteins is detected in all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Balducci
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612. Phone number: 312-996-7505. Fax number: 312-996-0873
| | - Amsaveni Ramachandran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612. Phone number: 312-413-5375. Fax number: 312-996-6044
| | - Jianjun Hao
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612. Phone number: 312-413-5375. Fax number: 312-996-6044
| | - Karthikeyan Narayanan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612. Phone number: 312-413-5375. Fax number: 312-996-6044
| | - Carla Evans
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612. Phone number: 312-996-7505. Fax number: 312-996-0873
| | - Anne George
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612. Phone number: 312-413-5375. Fax number: 312-996-6044
- * corresponding author, , Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612. Fax: 312-996-6044. Tel: 312-413-0738
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17
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Abstract
The ligand receptor activator of NFkappaB (RANKL) plays an important role in osteoclast formation. However, very little is known about the relationship between external apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment and RANKL. We hypothesized that compressive force is responsible for RANKL formation and up-regulation of osteoclastogenesis in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells from patients with severe orthodontically induced external apical root resorption. RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) production, TRAP-positive cells, and resorptive pits were determined. The increase of RANKL and the decrease of OPG were greater in the severe root resorption group than in the non-resorption group. The numbers of TRAP-positive cells and resorptive pits were also increased in the severe root resorption group than in the non-resorption group. These results support the hypothesis that the compressed PDL cells obtained from tissues with severe external apical root resorption may produce a large amount of RANKL and up-regulate osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo City, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
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18
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Miyaji H, Sugaya T, Kato K, Kawamura N, Tsuji H, Kawanami M. Dentin resorption and cementum-like tissue formation by bone morphogenetic protein application. J Periodontal Res 2006; 41:311-5. [PMID: 16827725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Recent studies have shown that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) stimulates mineralization and osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclastic resorption by BMP-2 application may play an important role in the regulation of new cementum-like tissue formation on the dentin surfaces. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of BMP-2 application on dentin resorption and cementum-like tissue formation at the dentin surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-two flat dentin blocks were prepared from rat roots and treated with 24% EDTA. Each block was assigned to group 0, group 100, or group 400, and immersed correspondingly in 0, 100, or 400 microg/ml BMP-2. The dentin blocks were then implanted into palatal connective tissue of rats, and specimens were prepared 2, 4 and 8 wk after surgery for histologic and histomorphometric analyses. RESULTS BMP-2 caused a dose-dependent increase in dentin resorption by osteoclastic cells. New cementum-like tissue was randomly formed on parts of the nonresorbed and resorbed dentin surfaces in groups 100 and 400. Dentin resorption in groups 100 and 400 was significantly greater than group 0 (p < 0.01). However, at 8 wk, new cementum-like tissue formed in 41.8% of group 100, as compared with 16.2% of group 400 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dentin resorption was stimulated by a high dose of BMP-2, and cementum-like tissue was induced by a low dose of BMP-2, effectively suggesting that BMP-2 application, at an appropriate dose, to a dentin surface may enhance periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Miyaji
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Division of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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19
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Low E, Zoellner H, Kharbanda OP, Darendeliler MA. Expression of mRNA for osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand (RANKL) during root resorption induced by the application of heavy orthodontic forces on rat molars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005; 128:497-503. [PMID: 16214633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2003] [Revised: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand (RANKL) activates osteoclast differentiation, whereas this activity is blocked by osteoprotegrin (OPG), so that the relative expression of these 2 proteins might contribute to bone and root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. We describe experiments with RANKL and OPG mRNA expression in rats subjected to orthodontic forces. It was hypothesized that the ratios of RANKL to OPG expression would increase during root resorption processes. METHODS Fixed Sentalloy (GAC, Bohemia, NY) closed-coil springs capable of delivering approximately 100 g of force were applied for mesial movement of the mandibular left first molar in 9 male, 7-week-old Wistar rats; the right mandibular molar was used as an internal control for each animal. After 14 days, the rats were killed; tissues from 2 rats were examined by paraffin histology, and high-quality messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was extracted from 4-mm widths of the mesial bony tissues in the remaining animals. RESULTS Paraffin sections showed osteoclastic resorption of roots on the mesial surfaces of teeth subjected to orthodontic forces. The integrity of mRNA was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the housekeeping gene GAPDH, and that of primers specific for OPG and RANKL was determined by RT-PCR for these genes in material isolated from the UM106 rat cell line known to express both proteins. Densitometric analysis of the RT-PCR OPG product showed an increase in background levels of OPG mRNA in bony tissues subjected to orthodontic forces in all animals studied (P < .05). In contrast, low levels of mRNA for RANKL were detected in only 5 animals and only in association with orthodontic forces. CONCLUSIONS Data are consistent with changes in levels of OPG and RANKL in tissues subjected to orthodontic forces and experiencing root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Low
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Bosshardt DD, Degen T, Lang NP. Sequence of protein expression of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin at the developing interface between repair cementum and dentin in human deciduous teeth. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 320:399-407. [PMID: 15846504 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-1106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2004] [Accepted: 02/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Experimental periodontal regeneration studies have revealed the weak binding of repair cementum to the root surface, whereas attachment of cementum to dentin preconditioned by odontoclasts appears to be superior. The aim of this study has been, therefore, to analyze the structural and partial biochemical nature of the interface that develops between resorbed dentin and repair cementum by using human deciduous teeth as a model. Aldehyde-fixed and decalcified tooth samples were embedded in acrylic or epoxy resins and sectioned for light and transmission electron microscopy. Antibodies against bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN), two noncollagenous proteins accumulating at hard tissue interfaces in bone and teeth, were used for protein A-gold immunocytochemistry. Light microscopy revealed a gradually increasing staining intensity of the external dentin matrix starting after the withdrawal of the odontoclast. Labeling for both BSP and OPN was first detected among the exposed collagen fibrils and in the intratubular dentin matrix when odontoclasts had withdrawn but mesenchymal cells were present. Subsequently, collagen fibrils of the repair cementum were deposited concomitantly with the appearance of labeling for BSP and OPN over the intratubular, intertubular, and peritubular dentin matrix. Labeled mineralization foci indicated the advancing mineralization front, and the collagenous repair matrix became integrated in an electron-dense organic material that showed labeling for BSP and OPN. Thus, no distinct planar interfacial matrix layer lies between the resorbed dentin and the repair cementum. The results suggest that odontoclasts precondition the dentin matrix such that the repair cementum becomes firmly attached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter D Bosshardt
- Department of Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Berne, Switzerland.
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21
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Arana-Chavez VE. Extracellular matrix proteins and the selective resorption of deciduous tooth roots. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005; 127:159; author reply 159-60. [PMID: 15754470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Al-Qawasmi RA, Hartsfield JK, Hartsfield JK, Everett ET, Weaver MR, Foroud TM, Roberts WE. Root resorption associated with orthodontic force in IL-1Beta knockout mouse. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2004; 4:383-5. [PMID: 15758271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R A Al-Qawasmi
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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23
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Abstract
External apical root resorption is a common, yet unexplained, phenomenon associated with orthodontic treatment. Available methods of clinical evaluation are radiographic. Biochemical assays offer the advantage of being non-invasive, as well as being diagnostic and potentially prognostic. The hypotheses are firstly that during the process of root resorption, organic matrix proteins are released into the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and, secondly, that there is a difference in the levels of these proteins between a group of patients with mild root resorption and a control group. GCF was collected from the permanent central incisors of untreated subjects (controls, n = 20), primary second molars with half of the root resorbed (primary group and positive controls, n = 20) and permanent central incisors with mild root resorption in patients undergoing active orthodontic treatment (orthodontic group, n = 20). Dentine phosphoproteins (DPP) were measured in the GCF using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed with DPP isolated from human first premolars and an antibody against rat incisor DPP. The primary group showed the highest levels of DPP in the GCF compared with the orthodontic (P = 0.296) and control (P = 0.001) groups. The orthodontic group showed elevated levels relative to the control group (P = 0.046). It is concluded that root resorption can be studied using a biochemical immunoassay and that this method can provide quantitative measurement of DPP in GCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Mah
- Division of Craniofacial Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0641, USA
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Takada K, Kajiya H, Fukushima H, Okamoto F, Motokawa W, Okabe K. Calcitonin in human odontoclasts regulates root resorption activity via protein kinase A. J Bone Miner Metab 2004; 22:12-8. [PMID: 14691681 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-003-0441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2002] [Accepted: 04/21/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin is a known inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption, but it remains uncertain whether calcitonin also regulates human odontoclastic activity, particularly during the physiological process of root resorption. In this study, we examined the expression of calcitonin receptors in human odontoclasts and the effect of calcitonin on root resorption, using immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Actin-ring formation was used to assess cytostructural changes during resorption activity. Our results show that calcitonin receptors are expressed in human odontoclasts freshly isolated from deciduous teeth of the periodontal region. Calcitonin inhibited actin-ring formation and resorption activity. This calcitonin-induced inhibition was mimicked by forskolin and dibutyryl-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (db-cAMP), which are protein kinase A (PKA) activators, but not by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a protein kinase C activator. Pretreatment with adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate Rp diastereomer (Rp-cAMPS), a PKA inhibitor, suppressed the calcitonin-induced inhibition of actin-ring formation. These results indicate that calcitonin receptor activation suppresses odontoclastic root resorption via PKA, a signaling pathway different from that in human osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Takada
- Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Fukushima H, Kajiya H, Takada K, Okamoto F, Okabe K. Expression and role of RANKL in periodontal ligament cells during physiological root-resorption in human deciduous teeth. Eur J Oral Sci 2003; 111:346-52. [PMID: 12887401 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0722.2003.00051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although important roles of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and its receptor (RANK) have been established for osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, their expression and roles during physiological root resorption remain uncertain. Physiological root resorption for shedding of human deciduous teeth is mediated by osteoclast-like cells (odontoclasts). In this study, we examined the expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor that prevents RANKL from binding to RANK in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells during physiological root resorption using immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The effect of RANKL on root resorbing activity of odontoclasts was evaluated by measuring the size of dissolved area on calcium phosphate-coated coverslips. The PDL cells isolated from either non-resorbing deciduous teeth or permanent teeth abundantly expressed OPG, but not RANKL. In contrast, PDL cells derived from resorbing deciduous teeth dominantly expressed RANKL. Human odontoclasts derived from resorbing deciduous teeth expressed both RANKL and RANK. It was observed that RANKL increased odontoclast actin ring formation and resorbing activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that PDL cells during the root-resorbing state express RANKL but decrease OPG expression. Expression of RANKL likely participates in odontoclastogenesis and activates physiological root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Fukushima
- Department of Oral Growth and Development and Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine, in a rat model, whether a state of high or low bone turnover had an effect on the rate and type of tooth movement and on the incidence of root resorption induced by orthodontic treatment. The maxillary left first molar was moved mesially for 21 days in 52 6-month-old Wistar rats. They were divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 19) with normal bone turnover, group 2 (n = 16) with high bone turnover, and group 3 (n = 17) with low bone turnover. The contralateral side was left untreated to act as a control. The different metabolic rates were created by inducing hyper- and hypothyroidism. The amount of tooth movement was measured using an electronic calliper and the location of the centre of rotation (CRot) was determined after microcomputer tomographic scanning and subsequent three-dimensional reconstruction. Histomorphometric evaluation of root resorption was performed on undecalcified 7 microm thick sections of the maxilla and the differences between treated and untreated sides were evaluated. The results showed that high bone turnover increased the amount of tooth movement compared with the normal or low bone turnover state. There was no statistical difference in the location of the CRot. The treated side presented more root resorption than the untreated side, but this difference was not influenced by the metabolic rates. On the contrary, the untreated side in the low bone turnover group showed more root resorption, suggesting that in subjects where a decreased bone turnover rate is expected, the risk of root resorption could be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlalberta Verna
- Department of Orthodontics, Royal Dental College, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Al-Qawasmi RA, Hartsfield JK, Everett ET, Flury L, Liu L, Foroud TM, Macri JV, Roberts WE. Genetic predisposition to external apical root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003; 123:242-52. [PMID: 12637896 DOI: 10.1067/mod.2003.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
External apical root resorption (EARR) can be an undesirable sequela of orthodontic treatment. Previous studies have suggested that EARR has a substantial genetic component. Linkage and association were examined between polymorphisms of the interleukin IL-1 (IL-1A and IL-1B) genes and EARR in 35 white American families. Buccal swab cells were collected for DNA isolation and analysis. The EARR in the maxillary central incisors, the mandibular central incisors, and the mesial and distal roots of the mandibular first molar were analyzed separately and together by using both linkage and association methods of analysis. Highly significant (P =.0003) evidence of linkage disequilibrium of IL-1B polymorphism with the clinical manifestation of EARR was obtained. The analysis indicates that the IL-1B polymorphism accounts for 15% of the total variation of maxillary incisor EARR. Persons homozygous for the IL-1B allele 1 have a 5.6 fold (95% CI 1.9-21.2) increased risk of EARR greater than 2 mm as compared with those who are not homozygous for the IL-1 beta allele 1. Data indicate that allele 1 at the IL-1B gene, known to decrease the production of IL-1 cytokine in vivo, significantly increases the risk of EARR. These findings are consistent with an interpretation of EARR as a complex condition influenced by many factors, with the IL-1B gene contributing an important predisposition to this common problem. Defining genetic contributions to EARR is an important factor in understanding the contribution of environmental factors, such as habits and therapeutic biomechanics.
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Kanzaki H, Chiba M, Shimizu Y, Mitani H. Dual regulation of osteoclast differentiation by periodontal ligament cells through RANKL stimulation and OPG inhibition. J Dent Res 2001; 80:887-91. [PMID: 11379890 DOI: 10.1177/00220345010800030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of periodontal tissues. However, it is not known how PDL cells contribute to osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we examined the consequences of cell-to-cell interactions between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and PDL cells during osteoclastogenesis. PBMCs were co-cultured directly or indirectly with PDL cells for two to four weeks. PBMCs that were directly co-cultured with PDL cells formed significantly more resorption pits on dentin slices than did PBMCs that were cultured alone. However, soluble factor(s) produced from PDL cells inhibited the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells. Furthermore, PDL cells expressed both receptor activator nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA. In conclusion, PDL cells support osteoclastogenesis through cell-to-cell contact. PDL cells might regulate osteoclastogenesis by opposing mechanisms--stimulation of resorptive activity by RANKL and inhibition by OPG--thus affecting processes such as periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kanzaki
- Department of Life Long Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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29
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Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement may be enhanced by the application of a magnetic field. Bone remodelling necessary for orthodontic tooth movement involves clastic cells, which are tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive and which may also be regulated by growth hormone (GH) via its receptor (GHR). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a static magnetic field (SMF) on orthodontic tooth movement in the rat. Thirty-two male Wistar rats, 9 weeks old, were fitted with an orthodontic appliance directing a mesial force of 30 g on the left maxillary first molar. The appliance incorporated a weight (NM) or a magnet (M). The animals were killed at 1, 3, 7, or 14 days post-appliance insertion, and the maxillae processed to paraffin. Sagittal sections of the first molar were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), for TRAP activity or immunohistochemically for GHR. The percentage body weight loss/gain, magnetic flux density, tooth movement, width of the periodontal ligament (PDL), length of root resorption lacunae, and hyalinized zone were measured. TRAP and GHR-positive cells along the alveolar bone, root surface, and in the PDL space were counted. The incorporation of a SMF (100-170 Gauss) into an orthodontic appliance did not enhance tooth movement, nor greatly alter the histological appearance of the PDL during tooth movement. However significantly greater root resorption (P = 0.016), increased width of the PDL (P = 0.017) and greater TRAP activity (P = 0.001) were observed for group M at day 7 on the compression side. At day 14 no differences were observed between the appliance groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Tengku
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Australia
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30
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Abstract
Adverse effects of corticosteroids on bone metabolism raise concerns as to whether steroid treatment may influence orthodontic movement. This study examined the effect of prednisolone on orthodontic movement using an established rat model. The corticosteroid treated group (N = 6) was administered prednisolone (1 mg/kg) daily, for a 12-day induction period; the control group (N = 6) received equivalent volumes of saline. On day 12, an orthodontic appliance was placed which exerted 30 g of mesial force to the maxillary first molar. Animals were sacrificed on day 24 and tooth movement was measured. Sagittal sections of the molars were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. While there were no significant differences in the magnitude of tooth movement between the 2 groups, steroid-treated rats displayed significantly less root resorption on the compression side and fewer TRAP-positive cells within the PDL space on the same side. This suggests steroid treatment suppressed clastic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Ong
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Lu LH, Lee K, Imoto S, Kyomen S, Tanne K. Histological and histochemical quantification of root resorption incident to the application of intrusive force to rat molars. Eur J Orthod 1999; 21:57-63. [PMID: 10191578 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/21.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the nature of root resorption resulting from intrusive forces applied to the rat lower molars, by means of histological and histochemical techniques with tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Thirty-eight 13-week-old Wistar strain male rats were used. Intrusive force was created by a fixed appliance which was adjusted to exert an initial force of 50 g for the duration of 1, 2, and 3 weeks. The degree of root resorption and distribution of TRAP positive cells were evaluated. On the root surface, the TRAP positive scores were low in the apical regions. Significant differences in the scores were found in the inter-radicular region of the roots between the experimental and control groups for the 2- and 3-week groups. More active resorption of bone occurred during the experimental period, as denoted by greater TRAP positive scores on the bone than on the root surface. Root resorption scores in the apical root region were larger in the 2- and 3-week groups than in the 1-week group. Significant differences in the root resorption scores were also found between the 1- and 3-week groups in the inter-radicular region, indicating that intrusive force application of a longer duration may lead to a higher frequency of root resorption. It is shown that, irrespective of the level of TRAP positive cells and root resorption scores, the degree of root resorption activity is higher in the apical root region than in the inter-radicular area. These results indicate that cellular cementum may be resorbed more easily because of its richer organic components and low mineralized structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hiroshima University School of Dentistry, Japan
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Zhou D, Hughes B, King GJ. Histomorphometric and biochemical study of osteoclasts at orthodontic compression sites in the rat during indomethacin inhibition. Arch Oral Biol 1997; 42:717-26. [PMID: 9447261 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(97)00070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins affect the number of osteoclasts at compression sites in orthodontic tooth movement. They may also have a role in tooth movement and influence the extent of root resorption. The purpose was to examine the effect of indomethacin on the activity of resident osteoclasts, recruitment of new osteoclasts and root resorption at orthodontic compression sites. Two separate populations of osteoclasts were studied: those resident at the sites after initial appliance activation and those recruited by a subsequent activation. Orthodontic appliances were activated to provide mesially directed forces of 40 g on the maxillary molars of rats. The appliances were activated with the same force after 4 days. The rats were killed at 1, 3, 6 and 10 days after initial activation. Half of the rats were injected with indomethacin. Tooth movement was measured cephalometrically; osteoclast numbers, sizes, numbers of nuclei per osteoclast and root resorption were assessed histomorphometrically; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in alveolar bone was measured biochemically. Indomethacin inhibited both initial tooth displacement and that following the delay. It also reduced the increase in osteoclast numbers, total osteoclast surface and alveolar bone TRAP at day 10. It had no effect on the surface area of each individual osteoclast or number of nuclei in each osteoclast. Root resorption increased in both groups but it was enhanced at day 10 in the indomethacin group. These data suggest that orthodontic tooth movement after appliance activation requires the recruitment of osteoclasts to sites of compression and that this is indomethacin-sensitive. Furthermore, indomethacin enhances root resorption at compression sites 10 days after appliance reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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Rossi M, Whitcomb S, Lindemann R. Interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by human monocytes cultured with L-thyroxine and thyrocalcitonin: relation to severe root shortening. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996; 110:399-404. [PMID: 8876491 DOI: 10.1016/s0889-5406(96)70042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine whether L-thyroxine (T4) and thyrocalcitonin (TCA) influence monocyte production of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and to examine IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha production in monocytes from a group of orthodontic patients with severe root shortening. Human monocytes were incubated with varying concentrations of T4 and TCA for 24 hours, and IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha levels were measured by ELISA. At a concentration of 0.1 microgram/ml, T4 and TCA induced significantly more IL-1 beta than untreated controls, and T4 induced more IL-1 beta than TCA. Neither hormone induced significant TNF-alpha release, conversely, TCA had an inhibitory effect on unstimulated monocyte release of TNF-alpha. TCA was also shown to inhibit, but not reverse, the activational effect of lipopolysaccharide on monocyte TNF-alpha release. T4 and TCA concentrations as low as 0.1 pg/ml caused monocytes to release significant amounts of IL-1 beta. The highest concentration of T4 tested (1.0 microgram/ml) induced significantly less IL-1 beta production than lower concentrations. T4- and TCA-treated monocytes bound more labeled IL-1 beta than untreated controls, which suggests that these hormones increase IL-1 receptor expression. There was a wide range of unstimulated and stimulated IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha production by root resorption subject monocytes with no significant differences between resorption and nonresorption group means. This data suggest that patient monocytes did not differ from control monocytes in regard to these cytokine parameters, and therefore in vitro IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha levels could not distinguish resorption subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rossi
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Naples II School of Dentistry, Italy
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Engström C, Granström G, Thilander B. Effect of orthodontic force on periodontal tissue metabolism. A histologic and biochemical study in normal and hypocalcemic young rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988; 93:486-95. [PMID: 3163883 DOI: 10.1016/0889-5406(88)90077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between force and degradation activity after application of orthodontic force is still obscure. Of particular clinical interest are the etiologic factors behind excessive root resorptions appearing in connection with orthodontic movement of teeth that has been proposed to be influenced by systemic factors regulating the tissue-degrading activity in periodontal tissues. Thus, the aim was, by histologic and new biochemical methods, to investigate the effect of orthodontic forces on the periodontal tissues in the normal and the hypocalcemic situation with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Root resorptions were induced in upper incisors of normal and hypocalcemic rats by subjecting the teeth to a moderate orthodontic force. In both groups the resorption of the roots occurred consistently in the vicinity of reorganizing areas of the periodontal ligament (PDL) with ongoing degradative activities and alveolar bone resorption. Furthermore, specific cell metabolic changes in alveolar bone and PDL in tension and pressure zones were detected and quantified by biochemical determination of alkaline phosphatase activity. This biochemical quantification of the metabolic changes together with the morphologic observations gave the clinically valuable information that the observed increase in occurrence and severity of root resorptions in moderate hypocalcemia was related to an increase in alveolar bone turnover. This study has shown that root resorptions were clearly related to the degradation process occurring in the vicinity of the hyaline zone and that in the hypocalcemic situation, the increase in root resorptions was related to an enhanced alveolar bone resorption. Thus, factors that minimize the time for resorptive/degradative activity should be discussed in this context rather than force per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Engström
- University of Göteborg, Department of Orthodontics, Sweden
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35
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Abstract
Previous studies have shown that chronic dietary deficiency of calcium can result in more rapid orthodontic tooth movement. The purposes of this study were to confirm that finding in a calcium-deficient, lactating rat model and to quantify the degree to which the area of root surface resorption is affected by these conditions. Thirty-five adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: (1) nonlactating animals on a control diet and (2) lactating animals on a calcium-deficient diet. A 60-gm orthodontic force designed to tip maxillary molars mesially was applied for varying times. At sacrifice, tooth movement was quantified by measuring the space created between maxillary molars; percent bone ash was measured for each humerus, and root surface resorption was estimated by means of a morphometric technique to measure the area of cratering on the mesial roots of first molars. Both groups showed a typical two-phased tooth movement cycle lasting for 10 days, although the magnitude of movement was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) in the test animals. The "humerus" test from animals exhibited a significantly decreased (p less than 0.001) fat-free dry weight, ash, and percent ash weight. The test group also displayed a significantly reduced percent area of root surface resorption (p less than 0.05) by 7 and 10 days following appliance activation. These findings confirm earlier observations that lactation, coupled with calcium deficiency, will produce decreased bone density which is consistent with increased parathyroid hormone secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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37
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Alexander SA, Swerdloff M. Collagenolytic activity in traumatized human primary teeth undergoing accelerated resorption. Pediatr Dent 1980; 2:287-90. [PMID: 6941005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Alexander SA, Swerdloff M. Collagenolytic activity of periodontal ligament and hydroxyproline content during human deciduous root resorption. J Periodontal Res 1980; 15:434-43. [PMID: 6449579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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40
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Alexander SA, Swerdloff M. Collagenolytic activity of periodontal ligament during human deciduous root resorption. Pediatr Dent 1979; 1:226-9. [PMID: 298763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Rogacheva LV. [Histochemistry of the pulp of the milk teeth during the period of physiological root resorption]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 1978; 57:74-7. [PMID: 279121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
The regulation of degradative activity such as phagocytosis and bone resorption in the periodontal region is greatly influenced by factors controlling general bone modeling. The purpose of this study was to determine if thyroxine has any influence on the occurrence of force-induced root resorption. Young male rats were divided into three groups: a group of normal rats, a control group in which appliances were placed, and an experimental group in which appliances were placed and I-thyroxine was administered (5 micrograms/kg bw for 12 days). Root resorptions were induced by orthodontic force on the maxillary incisors. Fewer force-induced root resorption lesions occurred in the thyroxine group than in the control group. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the thyroxine group was significantly different from the normal and control groups. Thus, the decrease of resorptive lesions in the thyroxine group seemed correlated to a change in the bone modeling process, especially as related to the resorption activity.
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