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Albert A, Alfaro R, Alvarez C, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares HA, Babu R, Belmont-Moreno E, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora KS, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Chaparro-Amaro O, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De la Fuente E, Diaz Hernandez R, Dingus BL, DuVernois MA, Durocher M, Díaz-Vélez JC, Ellsworth RW, Engel K, Espinoza C, Fan KL, Fang K, Fernández Alonso M, Fleischhack H, Fraija N, García-González JA, Garfias F, González MM, Goodman JA, Harding JP, Hernandez S, Hinton J, Huang D, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Joshi V, Kaufmann S, Lee J, Linnemann JT, Longinotti AL, Luis-Raya G, Malone K, Martinez O, Martínez-Castro J, Matthews JA, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Morales-Soto JA, Moreno E, Mostafá M, Nayerhoda A, Nellen L, Nisa MU, Noriega-Papaqui R, Olivera-Nieto L, Omodei N, Pérez Araujo Y, Pérez-Pérez EG, Rho CD, Rosa-González D, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salazar H, Salazar-Gallegos D, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Serna-Franco J, Smith AJ, Son Y, Springer RW, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Torres-Escobedo R, Turner R, Ureña-Mena F, Varela E, Villaseñor L, Wang X, Watson IJ, Willox E, Yun-Cárcamo S, Zhou H, de León C, Beacom JF, Linden T, Ng KCY, Peter AHG, Zhou B. Discovery of Gamma Rays from the Quiescent Sun with HAWC. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:051201. [PMID: 37595214 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We report the first detection of a TeV γ-ray flux from the solar disk (6.3σ), based on 6.1 years of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory. The 0.5-2.6 TeV spectrum is well fit by a power law, dN/dE=A(E/1 TeV)^{-γ}, with A=(1.6±0.3)×10^{-12} TeV^{-1} cm^{-2} s^{-1} and γ=3.62±0.14. The flux shows a strong indication of anticorrelation with solar activity. These results extend the bright, hard GeV emission from the disk observed with Fermi-LAT, seemingly due to hadronic Galactic cosmic rays showering on nuclei in the solar atmosphere. However, current theoretical models are unable to explain the details of how solar magnetic fields shape these interactions. HAWC's TeV detection thus deepens the mysteries of the solar-disk emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Albert
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - R Alfaro
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - C Alvarez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | | | - D Avila Rojas
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - H A Ayala Solares
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - R Babu
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - E Belmont-Moreno
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - C Brisbois
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - T Capistrán
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A Carramiñana
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Casanova
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im Henryka Niewodniczanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - O Chaparro-Amaro
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Computaci'on, Instituto Polit'ecnico Nacional, M'exico City, M'exico
| | - U Cotti
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - J Cotzomi
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Coutiño de León
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E De la Fuente
- Departamento de F'isica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R Diaz Hernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - B L Dingus
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Durocher
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Departamento de F'isica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R W Ellsworth
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - K Engel
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - C Espinoza
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - K L Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - K Fang
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Fernández Alonso
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - H Fleischhack
- Department of Physics, Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20064
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - N Fraija
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J A García-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Avenue Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico, 64849
| | - F Garfias
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M M González
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J P Harding
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - S Hernandez
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J Hinton
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Huang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | - P Hüntemeyer
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - A Iriarte
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - V Joshi
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Kaufmann
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - J Lee
- University of Seoul, Seoul, Rep. of Korea
| | - J T Linnemann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A L Longinotti
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - G Luis-Raya
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - K Malone
- Space Science and Applications Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - O Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - J Martínez-Castro
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Computaci'on, Instituto Polit'ecnico Nacional, M'exico City, M'exico
| | - J A Matthews
- Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - J A Morales-Soto
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - E Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Mostafá
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - A Nayerhoda
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im Henryka Niewodniczanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - L Olivera-Nieto
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Omodei
- Department of Physics, Stanford University: Stanford, CA 94305-4060, USA
| | - Y Pérez Araujo
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - C D Rho
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - D Rosa-González
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - D Salazar-Gallegos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A Sandoval
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M Schneider
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Serna-Franco
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Y Son
- University of Seoul, Seoul, Rep. of Korea
| | - R W Springer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - O Tibolla
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - R Torres-Escobedo
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - R Turner
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - F Ureña-Mena
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Varela
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - L Villaseñor
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - X Wang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - I J Watson
- University of Seoul, Seoul, Rep. of Korea
| | - E Willox
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - S Yun-Cárcamo
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - C de León
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - J F Beacom
- Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Linden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K C Y Ng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
| | - A H G Peter
- Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - B Zhou
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Baker LD, Smith AJ. Adapting the Primary Care PTSD Screener for firefighters. Occup Med (Lond) 2023; 73:142-147. [PMID: 36864556 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By the nature of their work, first responders are at risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Efficient screening instruments are useful to identify at-risk first responders and connect them to services. AIMS The current study aimed to (i) evaluate the diagnostic properties of the Primary Care PTSD for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5) scale among firefighters, (ii) explore the use of an adapted PC-PTSD-5 on a five-point Likert-type scale and (iii) examine sensitivity and specificity of the adapted instrument in this population. METHODS Pooled data were analysed among firefighters (N = 92) from a treatment-seeking sample (n = 36) and a population health screening sample (n = 56). Participants completed an adapted version of the PC-PTSD-5 and the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed, referencing PCL-5 cut-off/probable diagnostic threshold scores. RESULTS The PC-PTSD-5 demonstrated excellent operating characteristics overall. A threshold of 3 was optimal for discriminating probable PTSD using a proxy for the original PC-PTSD-5 (range: 0-5), whereas a score of 9 was identified for the PC-PTSD-5 permutation that allowed for more response variability (range: 0-20). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary data suggest the PC-PTSD-5 may be a useful tool for brief firefighter screening, with suggested cut-offs that require further replication and expanded investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Baker
- Department of Mental Health Service, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- Lyda Hill Institute for Human Resilience, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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Matsuyama A, Kalargyrou AA, Smith AJ, Ali RR, Pearson RA. A comprehensive atlas of Aggrecan, Versican, Neurocan and Phosphacan expression across time in wildtype retina and in retinal degeneration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7282. [PMID: 35508614 PMCID: PMC9068689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
As photoreceptor cells die during retinal degeneration, the surrounding microenvironment undergoes significant changes that are increasingly recognized to play a prominent role in determining the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycans (CSPGs) are a major component of the extracellular matrix that have been shown to inhibit neuronal regrowth and regeneration in the brain and spinal cord, but comparatively little is known about their expression in retinal degeneration. Here we provide a comprehensive atlas of the expression patterns of four individual CSPGs in three models of inherited retinal degeneration and wildtype mice. In wildtype mice, Aggrecan presented a biphasic expression, while Neurocan and Phosphacan expression declined dramatically with time and Versican expression remained broadly constant. In degeneration, Aggrecan expression increased markedly in Aipl1-/- and Pde6brd1/rd1, while Versican showed regional increases in the periphery of Rho-/- mice. Conversely, Neurocan and Phosphacan broadly decrease with time in all models. Our data reveal significant heterogeneity in the expression of individual CSPGs. Moreover, there are striking differences in the expression patterns of specific CSPGs in the diseased retina, compared with those reported following injury elsewhere in the CNS. Better understanding of the distinct distributions of individual CSPGs will contribute to creating more permissive microenvironments for neuro-regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Matsuyama
- Ocular Cell and Gene therapy Group, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - A A Kalargyrou
- Ocular Cell and Gene therapy Group, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - A J Smith
- Ocular Cell and Gene therapy Group, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - R R Ali
- Ocular Cell and Gene therapy Group, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - R A Pearson
- Ocular Cell and Gene therapy Group, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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Naudin EA, Albanese KI, Smith AJ, Mylemans B, Baker EG, Weiner OD, Andrews DM, Tigue N, Savery NJ, Woolfson DN. From peptides to proteins: coiled-coil tetramers to single-chain 4-helix bundles. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11330-11340. [PMID: 36320580 PMCID: PMC9533478 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04479j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of completely synthetic proteins from first principles—de novo protein design—is challenging. This is because, despite recent advances in computational protein–structure prediction and design, we do not understand fully the sequence-to-structure relationships for protein folding, assembly, and stabilization. Antiparallel 4-helix bundles are amongst the most studied scaffolds for de novo protein design. We set out to re-examine this target, and to determine clear sequence-to-structure relationships, or design rules, for the structure. Our aim was to determine a common and robust sequence background for designing multiple de novo 4-helix bundles. In turn, this could be used in chemical and synthetic biology to direct protein–protein interactions and as scaffolds for functional protein design. Our approach starts by analyzing known antiparallel 4-helix coiled-coil structures to deduce design rules. In terms of the heptad repeat, abcdefg—i.e., the sequence signature of many helical bundles—the key features that we identify are: a = Leu, d = Ile, e = Ala, g = Gln, and the use of complementary charged residues at b and c. Next, we implement these rules in the rational design of synthetic peptides to form antiparallel homo- and heterotetramers. Finally, we use the sequence of the homotetramer to derive in one step a single-chain 4-helix-bundle protein for recombinant production in E. coli. All of the assembled designs are confirmed in aqueous solution using biophysical methods, and ultimately by determining high-resolution X-ray crystal structures. Our route from peptides to proteins provides an understanding of the role of each residue in each design. Rules for designing 4-helix bundles are defined, tested, and used to generate de novo peptide assemblies and a single-chain protein.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A. Naudin
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Katherine I. Albanese
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
- Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Abigail J. Smith
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Bram Mylemans
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
- Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Emily G. Baker
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Orion D. Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, 555 Mission Bay Blvd. South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David M. Andrews
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Natalie Tigue
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Nigel J. Savery
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- BrisEngBio, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Derek N. Woolfson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
- Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- BrisEngBio, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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Smith AJ, Farmer R, Pilarzyk K, Porcher L, Kelly MP. A genetic basis for friendship? Homophily for membrane-associated PDE11A-cAMP-CREB signaling in CA1 of hippocampus dictates mutual social preference in male and female mice. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7107-7117. [PMID: 34321593 PMCID: PMC9583245 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the physical and mental benefits of friendships are clear, the neurobiological mechanisms driving mutual social preferences are not well understood. Studies in humans suggest friends are more genetically similar, particularly for targets within the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) cascade. Unfortunately, human studies can not provide conclusive evidence for such a biological driver of friendship given that other genetically related factors tend to co-segregate with friendship (e.g., geographical proximity). As such, here we use mice under controlled conditions to test the hypothesis that homophily in the cAMP-degrading enzyme phosphodiesterase 11A4 (PDE11A4) can dictate mutual social preference. Using C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice in two different behavioral assays, we showed that mice with two intact alleles of Pde11a prefer to interact with Pde11 wild-type (WT) mice of the same genetic background over knockout (KO) mice or novel objects; whereas, Pde11 KO mice prefer to interact with Pde11 KO mice over WT mice or novel objects. This mutual social preference was seen in both adult and adolescent mice, and social preference could be eliminated or artificially elicited by strengthening or weakening PDE11A homodimerization, respectively. Stereotactic delivery of an isolated PDE11A GAF-B domain to the mouse hippocampus revealed the membrane-associated pool of PDE11A-cAMP-CREB signaling specifically within the CA1 subfield of hippocampus is most critical for regulating social preference. Our study here not only identifies PDE11A homophily as a key driver of mutual social preference across the lifespan, it offers a paradigm in which other mechanisms can be identified in a controlled fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Reagan Farmer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katy Pilarzyk
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Latarsha Porcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michy P Kelly
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Research on Aging, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Rodrigues NS, França CM, Tahayeri A, Ren Z, Saboia VPA, Smith AJ, Ferracane JL, Koo H, Bertassoni LE. Biomaterial and Biofilm Interactions with the Pulp-Dentin Complex-on-a-Chip. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1136-1143. [PMID: 34036838 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211016429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium silicate cements (CSCs) are the choice materials for vital pulp therapy because of their bioactive properties, promotion of pulp repair, and dentin bridge formation. Despite the significant progress made in understanding CSCs' mechanisms of action, the key events that characterize the early interplay between CSC-dentin-pulp are still poorly understood. To address this gap, a microfluidic device, the "tooth-on-a-chip," which was developed to emulate the biomaterial-dentin-pulp interface, was used to test 1) the effect of CSCs (ProRoot, Biodentine, and TheraCal) on the viability and proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells, 2) variations of pH, and 3) release within the pulp chamber of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) as a surrogate of the bioactive dentin matrix molecules. ProRoot significantly increased the extraction of TGFβ (P < 0.05) within 24 to 72 h and, along with Biodentine, induced higher cell proliferation (P > 0.05), while TheraCal decreased cell viability and provoked atypical changes in cell morphology. No correlation between TGFβ levels and pH was observed. Further, we established a biofilm of Streptococcus mutans on-chip to model the biomaterial-biofilm-dentin interface and conducted a live and dead assay to test the antimicrobial capability of ProRoot in real time. In conclusion, the device allows for direct characterization of the interaction of bioactive dental materials with the dentin-pulp complex on a model of restored tooth while enabling assessment of antibiofilm properties at the interface in real time that was previously unattainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Rodrigues
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - C M França
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - A Tahayeri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Z Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, Divisions of Community Oral Health & Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - V P A Saboia
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A J Smith
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J L Ferracane
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - H Koo
- Department of Orthodontics, Divisions of Community Oral Health & Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine and School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L E Bertassoni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
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7
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Smith AJ, Barber J, Davis S, Jones C, Kotra KK, Losada S, Lyons BP, Mataki M, Potter KD, Devlin MJ. Aquatic contaminants in Solomon Islands and Vanuatu: Evidence from passive samplers and Microtox toxicity assessment. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 165:112118. [PMID: 33582422 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water Quality issues in many Pacific countries are rising, with the increase in coastal populations and associated urban runoff but management requires contamination issues in the aquatic environment to be identified and prioritised. In Vanuatu and Solomon Islands there are few laboratories and resources to assess for the presence or impact of complex chemical contaminants. The extent and impact of chemical contamination of the marine and coastal environment is poorly described. Passive chemical samplers were used to measure a range of aquatic pollutants around the capital cities, Honiara (Solomon Islands) and Port Vila (Vanuatu). We detected a range of chemicals indicative of agricultural and industrial contamination and a few sites had concerning concentrations of specific hydrocarbons and pesticides. The rapid ecotoxicology test, Microtox, indicated toxic impacts in rivers, coastal sites and urban drains This work provides new data on chemical contamination and possible impacts of that contamination for both countries. The techniques could be applied widely across the region to generate critical data for environmental management, guide monitoring efforts and measure the impact of policy or land-use changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Smith
- Cefas, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - J Barber
- Cefas, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - S Davis
- Cefas, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - C Jones
- Cefas, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - K K Kotra
- School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences (SAGEONS), The University of the South Pacific, Emalus Campus, Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - S Losada
- Cefas, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - B P Lyons
- Cefas, British Embassy, PO Box 2, 13001 Safat, Kuwait; Cefas, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - M Mataki
- Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and Meteorology, P.O. Box 21, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - K D Potter
- Cefas, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - M J Devlin
- Cefas, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
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8
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Bersuder P, Smith AJ, Hynes C, Warford L, Barber JL, Losada S, Limpenny C, Khamis AS, Abdulla KH, Le Quesne WJF, Lyons BP. Baseline survey of marine sediments collected from the Kingdom of Bahrain: PAHs, PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, perfluoroalkyl substances, dioxins, brominated flame retardants and metal contamination. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 161:111734. [PMID: 33065395 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A baseline survey of sediment contamination was undertaken at 14 locations around the coastline of Bahrain in May 2017, followed by a focused survey of 20 sites, in November 2019. Samples were assessed for industrial pollutants, including metals, PAHs and a suite of organohalogen compounds. The data generated indicated that levels of chemical contaminants were generally low and did not pose a toxicological risk when assessed against commonly applied sediment quality guidelines (SQG). The highest concentrations of PAHs and PCBs were identified in samples collected at coastal sites adjacent to a refinery area known to contain a diverse mix of industry. Tubli Bay, a heavily stressed small bay receiving high loads of sewage effluent, was also identified as an area warranting further investigation with elevated concentrations of BDE209, PFOS and metal contamination. Such data provides a useful baseline assessment of sediment contamination, against which management control measures can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bersuder
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - A J Smith
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - C Hynes
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - L Warford
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - J L Barber
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - S Losada
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - C Limpenny
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - A S Khamis
- Supreme Council for Environment, P.O. Box 18233, Manama, Bahrain
| | - K H Abdulla
- Supreme Council for Environment, P.O. Box 18233, Manama, Bahrain
| | - W J F Le Quesne
- Cefas, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - B P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; British Embassy at the State of Kuwait, P.O. Box 2, Safat 13001, Kuwait
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9
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Howie EK, McVeigh JA, Smith AJ, Zabatiero J, Bucks RS, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, Straker LM. Physical activity trajectories from childhood to late adolescence and their implications for health in young adulthood. Prev Med 2020; 139:106224. [PMID: 32735989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity has been associated with physical and mental health across the life course, yet few studies have used group-based trajectory modeling to examine the effect of longitudinal patterns of physical activity during childhood and adolescence on adult health outcomes. The Raine Study data from Gen2 follow-ups at 8, 10, 14, 17, 20, and 22 years collected between 1998 and 2014 were used. Latent class analysis identified trajectories using parent-reported physical activity for ages 8 to 17. Associations between trajectories and physical and mental health outcomes at ages 20 and 22 were explored, adjusting for current physical activity and considering sex interactions. Analysis in 2019 identified three trajectories: low (13%), mid (65%) and high (22%) physical activity (n = 1628). Compared to the low-activity trajectory, those in the high-activity trajectory had lower adiposity, insulin, HOMA-IR and fewer diagnosed disorders, higher HDL-cholesterol, and faster cognitive processing. For example, those in the high-activity trajectory had lower percent body fat at age 20 compared to those in the mid-activity (-4.2%, 95%CI: -5.8, -2.7) and low-activity (-9.5%, 95%CI: -11.7, -7.2) trajectories. Physical activity trajectories showed different associations between sexes for self-reported physical and mental health, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and depression symptoms. Being in the high- or mid-activity trajectory was associated with a more favorable cardiometabolic and mental health profile in young adulthood. Strategies are needed to help less active children to increase physical activity throughout childhood and adolescence to improve young adult health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Howie
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - J A McVeigh
- School of Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy & Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A J Smith
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Zabatiero
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T A Mori
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L J Beilin
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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10
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Hicks D, Rafiee G, Schwalbe EC, Howell CI, Lindsey JC, Hill RM, Smith AJ, Adidharma P, Steel C, Richardson S, Pease L, Danilenko M, Crosier S, Joshi A, Wharton SB, Jacques TS, Pizer B, Michalski A, Williamson D, Bailey S, Clifford SC. The molecular landscape and associated clinical experience in infant medulloblastoma: prognostic significance of second-generation subtypes. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 47:236-250. [PMID: 32779246 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Biomarker-driven therapies have not been developed for infant medulloblastoma (iMB). We sought to robustly sub-classify iMB, and proffer strategies for personalized, risk-adapted therapies. METHODS We characterized the iMB molecular landscape, including second-generation subtyping, and the associated retrospective clinical experience, using large independent discovery/validation cohorts (n = 387). RESULTS iMBGrp3 (42%) and iMBSHH (40%) subgroups predominated. iMBGrp3 harboured second-generation subtypes II/III/IV. Subtype II strongly associated with large-cell/anaplastic pathology (LCA; 23%) and MYC amplification (19%), defining a very-high-risk group (0% 10yr overall survival (OS)), which progressed rapidly on all therapies; novel approaches are urgently required. Subtype VII (predominant within iMBGrp4 ) and subtype IV tumours were standard risk (80% OS) using upfront CSI-based therapies; randomized-controlled trials of upfront radiation-sparing and/or second-line radiotherapy should be considered. Seventy-five per cent of iMBSHH showed DN/MBEN histopathology in discovery and validation cohorts (P < 0.0001); central pathology review determined diagnosis of histological variants to WHO standards. In multivariable models, non-DN/MBEN pathology was associated significantly with worse outcomes within iMBSHH . iMBSHH harboured two distinct subtypes (iMBSHH-I/II ). Within the discriminated favourable-risk iMBSHH DN/MBEN patient group, iMBSHH-II had significantly better progression-free survival than iMBSHH-I , offering opportunities for risk-adapted stratification of upfront therapies. Both iMBSHH-I and iMBSHH-II showed notable rescue rates (56% combined post-relapse survival), further supporting delay of irradiation. Survival models and risk factors described were reproducible in independent cohorts, strongly supporting their further investigation and development. CONCLUSIONS Investigations of large, retrospective cohorts have enabled the comprehensive and robust characterization of molecular heterogeneity within iMB. Novel subtypes are clinically significant and subgroup-dependent survival models highlight opportunities for biomarker-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hicks
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - G Rafiee
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - E C Schwalbe
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C I Howell
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J C Lindsey
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R M Hill
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A J Smith
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - P Adidharma
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - C Steel
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Richardson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Pease
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Danilenko
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Crosier
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Joshi
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle University Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - B Pizer
- Institute of Translational Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - D Williamson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Bailey
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S C Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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11
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Smith AJ, Palmer NOA, Seaton RA, Ternhag A. Letter to the Editor: "Risk of Adverse Reactions to Oral Antibiotics Prescribed by Dentists". J Dent Res 2020; 99:863. [PMID: 32282275 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520917143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A J Smith
- Scottish Antimicrobial Prescribing Group-Dental, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - N O A Palmer
- Health Education England-North West, Liverpool, UK.,University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R A Seaton
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Ternhag
- Department of Medicine Solna, Infectious Diseases Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Albert A, Alfaro R, Alvarez C, Angeles Camacho JR, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Arunbabu KP, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares HA, Baghmanyan V, Belmont-Moreno E, BenZvi SY, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora KS, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De la Fuente E, de León C, Dingus BL, DuVernois MA, Díaz-Vélez JC, Ellsworth RW, Engel K, Espinoza C, Fleischhack H, Fraija N, Galván-Gámez A, Garcia D, García-González JA, Garfias F, González MM, Goodman JA, Harding JP, Hernandez S, Hona B, Huang D, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Joshi V, Lara A, Lee WH, León Vargas H, Linnemann JT, Longinotti AL, Luis-Raya G, Lundeen J, López-Coto R, Malone K, Marinelli SS, Martinez-Castellanos I, Martínez-Castro J, Martínez-Huerta H, Matthews JA, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Morales-Soto JA, Moreno E, Nayerhoda A, Nellen L, Newbold M, Nisa MU, Noriega-Papaqui R, Omodei N, Peisker A, Pérez-Pérez EG, Rho CD, Rivière C, Rosa-González D, Rosenberg M, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salazar H, Salesa Greus F, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Schoorlemmer H, Sinnis G, Smith AJ, Springer RW, Surajbali P, Tabachnick E, Tanner M, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Torres-Escobedo R, Weisgarber T, Yodh G, Zepeda A, Zhou H. Constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation from HAWC Observations of Gamma Rays above 100 TeV. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:131101. [PMID: 32302173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.131101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Because of the high energies and long distances to the sources, astrophysical observations provide a unique opportunity to test possible signatures of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV). Superluminal LIV enables the decay of photons at high energy. The high altitude water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is among the most sensitive gamma-ray instruments currently operating above 10 TeV. HAWC finds evidence of 100 TeV photon emission from at least four astrophysical sources. These observations exclude, for the strongest of the limits set, the LIV energy scale to 2.2×10^{31} eV, over 1800 times the Planck energy and an improvement of 1 to 2 orders of magnitude over previous limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Albert
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Alfaro
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - C Alvarez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico
| | - J R Angeles Camacho
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | | | - K P Arunbabu
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - D Avila Rojas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - H A Ayala Solares
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - V Baghmanyan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 IFJ-PAN, Krakow 31342, Poland
| | - E Belmont-Moreno
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - S Y BenZvi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C Brisbois
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
| | - K S Caballero-Mora
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico
| | - T Capistrán
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - A Carramiñana
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - S Casanova
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 IFJ-PAN, Krakow 31342, Poland
| | - U Cotti
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58040, Mexico
| | - J Cotzomi
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - S Coutiño de León
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - E De la Fuente
- Departamento de Física, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
| | - C de León
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58040, Mexico
| | - B L Dingus
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 46600, Mexico
| | - R W Ellsworth
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - K Engel
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - C Espinoza
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - H Fleischhack
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
| | - N Fraija
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - A Galván-Gámez
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - D Garcia
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - J A García-González
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - F Garfias
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - M M González
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - J P Harding
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Hernandez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - B Hona
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
| | - D Huang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
| | | | - P Hüntemeyer
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
| | - A Iriarte
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - V Joshi
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Lara
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - W H Lee
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - H León Vargas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - J T Linnemann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A L Longinotti
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - G Luis-Raya
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo 42083, Mexico
| | - J Lundeen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R López-Coto
- INFN and Universita di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - K Malone
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S S Marinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - J Martínez-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City 07738, Mexico
| | - H Martínez-Huerta
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Sao Paolo 13566-590, Brasil
| | - J A Matthews
- Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | | | - J A Morales-Soto
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58040, Mexico
| | - E Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - A Nayerhoda
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 IFJ-PAN, Krakow 31342, Poland
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - M Newbold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - N Omodei
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Peisker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E G Pérez-Pérez
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo 42083, Mexico
| | - C D Rho
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C Rivière
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - D Rosa-González
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - M Rosenberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - F Salesa Greus
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 IFJ-PAN, Krakow 31342, Poland
| | - A Sandoval
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - M Schneider
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Sinnis
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - R W Springer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - P Surajbali
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Tabachnick
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - M Tanner
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - O Tibolla
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo 42083, Mexico
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - I Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - R Torres-Escobedo
- Departamento de Física, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1051, USA
| | - T Weisgarber
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - A Zepeda
- Physics Department, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - H Zhou
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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13
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Evans ME, Lester CD, Smith AJ, Smith AB. Dos and don'ts of writing for Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:383-384. [PMID: 32139145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M E Evans
- British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, c/o Elsevier Ltd..
| | - C D Lester
- British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, c/o Elsevier Ltd
| | - A J Smith
- British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, c/o Elsevier Ltd
| | - A B Smith
- British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, c/o Elsevier Ltd
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14
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Abstract
Protein-protein interactions control a wide variety of natural biological processes. α-Helical coiled coils frequently mediate such protein-protein interactions. Due to the relative simplicity of their sequences and structures and the ease with which properties such as strength and specificity of interaction can be controlled, coiled coils can be designed de novo to deliver a variety of non-natural protein-protein interaction domains. Herein, several de novo designed coiled coils are tested for their ability to mediate protein-protein interactions in Escherichia coli cells. The set includes a parallel homodimer, a parallel homotetramer, an antiparallel homotetramer, and a newly designed heterotetramer, all of which have been characterized in vitro by biophysical and structural methods. Using a transcription repression assay based on reconstituting the Lac repressor, we find that the modules behave as designed in the cellular environment. Each design imparts a different property to the resulting Lac repressor-coiled coil complexes, resulting in the benefit of being able to reconfigure the system in multiple ways. Modification of the system also allows the interactions to be controlled: assembly can be tuned by controlling the expression of the constituent components, and complexes can be disrupted through helix sequestration. The small and straightforward de novo designed components that we deliver are highly versatile and have considerable potential as protein-protein interaction domains in synthetic biology where proteins must be assembled in highly specific ways. The relative simplicity of the designs makes them amenable to future modifications to introduce finer control over their assembly and to adapt them for different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin L. Edgell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail J. Smith
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- BrisSynBio, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph L. Beesley
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel J. Savery
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- BrisSynBio, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Derek N. Woolfson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
- BrisSynBio, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
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15
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Abeysekara AU, Albert A, Alfaro R, Angeles Camacho JR, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Arunbabu KP, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares HA, Baghmanyan V, Belmont-Moreno E, BenZvi SY, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora KS, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De la Fuente E, de León C, Dichiara S, Dingus BL, DuVernois MA, Díaz-Vélez JC, Ellsworth RW, Engel K, Espinoza C, Fleischhack H, Fraija N, Galván-Gámez A, Garcia D, García-González JA, Garfias F, González MM, Goodman JA, Harding JP, Hernandez S, Hinton J, Hona B, Huang D, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Jardin-Blicq A, Joshi V, Kaufmann S, Kieda D, Lara A, Lee WH, León Vargas H, Linnemann JT, Longinotti AL, Luis-Raya G, Lundeen J, López-Coto R, Malone K, Marinelli SS, Martinez O, Martinez-Castellanos I, Martínez-Castro J, Martínez-Huerta H, Matthews JA, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Morales-Soto JA, Moreno E, Mostafá M, Nayerhoda A, Nellen L, Newbold M, Nisa MU, Noriega-Papaqui R, Peisker A, Pérez-Pérez EG, Pretz J, Ren Z, Rho CD, Rivière C, Rosa-González D, Rosenberg M, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salesa Greus F, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Schoorlemmer H, Sinnis G, Smith AJ, Springer RW, Surajbali P, Tabachnick E, Tanner M, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Torres-Escobedo R, Villaseñor L, Weisgarber T, Wood J, Yapici T, Zhang H, Zhou H. Multiple Galactic Sources with Emission Above 56 TeV Detected by HAWC. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:021102. [PMID: 32004015 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.021102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the first catalog of gamma-ray sources emitting above 56 and 100 TeV with data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory, a wide field-of-view observatory capable of detecting gamma rays up to a few hundred TeV. Nine sources are observed above 56 TeV, all of which are likely galactic in origin. Three sources continue emitting past 100 TeV, making this the highest-energy gamma-ray source catalog to date. We report the integral flux of each of these objects. We also report spectra for three highest-energy sources and discuss the possibility that they are PeVatrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Abeysekara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - A Albert
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - R Alfaro
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J R Angeles Camacho
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - K P Arunbabu
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - D Avila Rojas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - H A Ayala Solares
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - V Baghmanyan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - E Belmont-Moreno
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - S Y BenZvi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - C Brisbois
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - T Capistrán
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Carramiñana
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Casanova
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - U Cotti
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - J Cotzomi
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Coutiño de León
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E De la Fuente
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - C de León
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - S Dichiara
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - B L Dingus
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - R W Ellsworth
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - K Engel
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - C Espinoza
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - H Fleischhack
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - N Fraija
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A Galván-Gámez
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - D Garcia
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J A García-González
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - F Garfias
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M M González
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - J P Harding
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - S Hernandez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J Hinton
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Hona
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Huang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | | | - P Hüntemeyer
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - A Iriarte
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A Jardin-Blicq
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Joshi
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Kaufmann
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - D Kieda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - A Lara
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - W H Lee
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - H León Vargas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J T Linnemann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - A L Longinotti
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - G Luis-Raya
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - J Lundeen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - R López-Coto
- INFN and Universita di Padova, via Marzolo 8, Padova, Italy
| | - K Malone
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - S S Marinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - O Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - J Martínez-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - H Martínez-Huerta
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - J A Matthews
- Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - J A Morales-Soto
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - E Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Mostafá
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Nayerhoda
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M Newbold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - A Peisker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - J Pretz
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Z Ren
- Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - C D Rho
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - C Rivière
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - D Rosa-González
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Rosenberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Salesa Greus
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Sandoval
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M Schneider
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Sinnis
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - R W Springer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - P Surajbali
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Tabachnick
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - M Tanner
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - O Tibolla
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - I Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - R Torres-Escobedo
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - L Villaseñor
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - T Weisgarber
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J Wood
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Hunstville, Alabama, USA
| | - T Yapici
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
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16
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Hawkins M, Dimude JU, Howard JAL, Smith AJ, Dillingham MS, Savery NJ, Rudolph CJ, McGlynn P. Direct removal of RNA polymerase barriers to replication by accessory replicative helicases. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:5100-5113. [PMID: 30869136 PMCID: PMC6547429 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial genome duplication and transcription require simultaneous access to the same DNA template. Conflicts between the replisome and transcription machinery can lead to interruption of DNA replication and loss of genome stability. Pausing, stalling and backtracking of transcribing RNA polymerases add to this problem and present barriers to replisomes. Accessory helicases promote fork movement through nucleoprotein barriers and exist in viruses, bacteria and eukaryotes. Here, we show that stalled Escherichia coli transcription elongation complexes block reconstituted replisomes. This physiologically relevant block can be alleviated by the accessory helicase Rep or UvrD, resulting in the formation of full-length replication products. Accessory helicase action during replication-transcription collisions therefore promotes continued replication without leaving gaps in the DNA. In contrast, DinG does not promote replisome movement through stalled transcription complexes in vitro. However, our data demonstrate that DinG operates indirectly in vivo to reduce conflicts between replication and transcription. These results suggest that Rep and UvrD helicases operate on DNA at the replication fork whereas DinG helicase acts via a different mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hawkins
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Juachi U Dimude
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | | | - Abigail J Smith
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Mark S Dillingham
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Nigel J Savery
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Christian J Rudolph
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Peter McGlynn
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
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17
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Winter S, McDonagh G, Lappin D, Smith AJ. Assessing the efficacy and cost of detergents used in a primary care automated washer disinfector. Br Dent J 2019; 225:315-319. [PMID: 30141495 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Cleaning of re-usable medical devices is a critical control point in the decontamination cycle, although defined end-points of the process are controversial. Objective Investigate cleaning efficacy and cost of different detergent classes in an automated washer disinfector (AWD) designed for dental practice. Methods Loads comprised test soiled dental hand instruments in cassettes and extraction forceps. Residual protein assayed using the International standard method (ISO 15883-5:2005) 1% SDS elution with ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) or GBox technology (on instrument OPA analysis). Short (60 minutes) and long (97 minutes) AWD cycles were used with four different classes of detergents, tap water and reverse osmosis water. Results SDS elution analysis (N = 612 instruments) demonstrated four detergents with both wash cycles achieved equivalent cleanliness levels and below a threshold of 200 μg protein/instrument. GBox methodology (N = 575) using UK Department of Health threshold of 5 μg/instrument side demonstrated that tap water performed with the greatest efficacy for all types of instruments and cycle types. Conclusions Using International standard methodology, different detergent classes had equivalence in cleaning efficacy. Cheaper detergents used in this study performed with similar efficacy to more expensive solutions. Findings emphasise the importance of validating the detergent (type and concentration) for each AWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Winter
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ
| | - G McDonagh
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ
| | - D Lappin
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ
| | - A J Smith
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ
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18
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Pilarzyk K, Klett J, Pena EA, Porcher L, Smith AJ, Kelly MP. Loss of Function of Phosphodiesterase 11A4 Shows that Recent and Remote Long-Term Memories Can Be Uncoupled. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2307-2321.e5. [PMID: 31303492 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Systems consolidation is a process by which memories initially require the hippocampus for recent long-term memory (LTM) but then become increasingly independent of the hippocampus and more dependent on the cortex for remote LTM. Here, we study the role of phosphodiesterase 11A4 (PDE11A4) in systems consolidation. PDE11A4, which degrades cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), is preferentially expressed in neurons of CA1, the subiculum, and the adjacently connected amygdalohippocampal region. In male and female mice, deletion of PDE11A enhances remote LTM for social odor recognition and social transmission of food preference (STFP) despite eliminating or silencing recent LTM for those same social events. Measurement of a surrogate marker of neuronal activation (i.e., Arc mRNA) suggests the recent LTM deficits observed in Pde11 knockout mice correspond with decreased activation of ventral CA1 relative to wild-type littermates. In contrast, the enhanced remote LTM observed in Pde11a knockout mice corresponds with increased activation and altered functional connectivity of anterior cingulate cortex, frontal association cortex, parasubiculum, and the superficial layer of medial entorhinal cortex. The apparent increased neural activation observed in prefrontal cortex of Pde11a knockout mice during remote LTM retrieval may be related to an upregulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits NR1 and NR2A. Viral restoration of PDE11A4 to vCA1 alone is sufficient to rescue both the LTM phenotypes and upregulation of NR1 exhibited by Pde11a knockout mice. Together, our findings suggest remote LTM can be decoupled from recent LTM, which may have relevance for cognitive deficits associated with aging, temporal lobe epilepsy, or transient global amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Pilarzyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Jennifer Klett
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Edsel A Pena
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, 1523 Green Street, Columbia, SC 29201, USA
| | - Latarsha Porcher
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Abigail J Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA.
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19
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Duncan HF, Cooper PR, Smith AJ. Dissecting dentine-pulp injury and wound healing responses: consequences for regenerative endodontics. Int Endod J 2019; 52:261-266. [PMID: 30724394 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the biology of the dentine-pulp complex is essential to underpin new treatment approaches and maximize clinical impact for regenerative endodontics and minimally invasive vital pulp treatment (VPT) strategies. Following traumatic and carious injury to dentine-pulp, a complex interplay between infection, inflammation and the host defence responses will occur, which is critical to tissue outcomes. Diagnostic procedures aim to inform treatment planning; however, these remain clinically subjective and have considerable limitations. As a consequence, significant effort has focussed on identification of diagnostic biomarkers, although these are also problematic due to difficulties in identifying appropriate diagnostic fluid sources and selecting reproducible biomarkers. This is further compounded by the link between inflammation and repair as many of the molecules involved exhibit significant multifunctionality. The tertiary dentine formed in response to dental injury has been purposefully termed reactionary and reparative dentine to enable focus on associated biological processes. Whilst reactionary dentine produced in response to milder injury is generated from surviving primary odontoblasts, reparative dentine, in response to more intense injury, requires the differentiation of new odontoblast-like cells derived from progenitor/stem cells recruited to the injury site. These two diverse processes result in very different outcomes in terms of the tertiary dentine produced and reflect the intensity rather than specific nature (nonexposure versus exposure) of the injury. The subsequent identification of the odontoblast-like cell phenotype remains challenging due to lack of unique molecular or morphological markers. Furthermore, the cells ultimately lining the newly deposited dentine provide only a snapshot of events. The specific source and plasticity of the progenitor cells giving rise to the odontoblast-like cell phenotype are also of significant debate. It is likely that improved characterization of tertiary dentine may better clarify the influence of cell derivation for odontoblast-like cells and their diversity. The field of regenerative endodontics offers exciting new treatment opportunities, and to maximize outcomes, we propose that the term regenerative endodontics should embrace the repair, replacement and regeneration of dentine-pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P R Cooper
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK
| | - A J Smith
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK
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20
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Abstract
An improved ability to direct and control biomolecular interactions in living cells would have an impact on synthetic biology. A key issue is the need to introduce interacting components that act orthogonally to endogenous proteomes and interactomes. Here, we show that low-complexity, de novo designed protein-protein interaction (PPI) domains can substitute for natural PPIs and guide engineered protein-DNA interactions in Escherichia coli. Specifically, we use de novo homo- and heterodimeric coiled coils to reconstitute a cytoplasmic split adenylate cyclase, recruit RNA polymerase to a promoter and activate gene expression, and oligomerize both natural and designed DNA-binding domains to repress transcription. Moreover, the stabilities of the heterodimeric coiled coils can be modulated by rational design and, thus, adjust the levels of gene activation and repression in vivo. These experiments demonstrate the possibilities for using designed proteins and interactions to control biomolecular systems such as enzyme cascades and circuits in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J. Smith
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
- BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, U.K
| | - Franziska Thomas
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Deborah Shoemark
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
- BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, U.K
| | - Derek N. Woolfson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
- BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Nigel J. Savery
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K
- BrisSynBio, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, U.K
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21
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Giannobile WV, Dawes C, Feine J, Herzberg MC, Smith AJ. The Journal of Dental Research: A Century of Shaping the Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Sciences. J Dent Res 2019; 98:5-6. [PMID: 30782065 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518817720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W V Giannobile
- 1 Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C Dawes
- 2 Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - J Feine
- 3 McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - A J Smith
- 5 School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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22
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Abeysekara AU, Albert A, Alfaro R, Alvarez C, Álvarez JD, Arceo R, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares HA, Belmont-Moreno E, BenZvi SY, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora KS, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Castillo M, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De León C, De la Fuente E, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dichiara S, Dingus BL, DuVernois MA, Ellsworth RW, Engel K, Espinoza C, Fang K, Fleischhack H, Fraija N, Galván-Gámez A, García-González JA, Garfias F, González-Muñoz A, González MM, Goodman JA, Hampel-Arias Z, Harding JP, Hernandez S, Hinton J, Hona B, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hui CM, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Jardin-Blicq A, Joshi V, Kaufmann S, Kar P, Kunde GJ, Lauer RJ, Lee WH, León Vargas H, Li H, Linnemann JT, Longinotti AL, Luis-Raya G, López-Coto R, Malone K, Marinelli SS, Martinez O, Martinez-Castellanos I, Martínez-Castro J, Matthews JA, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Moreno E, Mostafá M, Nayerhoda A, Nellen L, Newbold M, Nisa MU, Noriega-Papaqui R, Pretz J, Pérez-Pérez EG, Ren Z, Rho CD, Rivière C, Rosa-González D, Rosenberg M, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salesa Greus F, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Schoorlemmer H, Seglar Arroyo M, Sinnis G, Smith AJ, Springer RW, Surajbali P, Taboada I, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Vianello G, Villaseñor L, Weisgarber T, Werner F, Westerhoff S, Wood J, Yapici T, Yodh G, Zepeda A, Zhang H, Zhou H. Publisher Correction: Very-high-energy particle acceleration powered by the jets of the microquasar SS 433. Nature 2018; 564:E38. [PMID: 30482938 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this Letter, owing to a production error, the penultimate version of the PDF was published. The HTML version was always correct. The PDF has been corrected online.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Abeysekara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A Albert
- Physics and Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - R Alfaro
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Alvarez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | - J D Álvarez
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - R Arceo
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | | | - D Avila Rojas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H A Ayala Solares
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - E Belmont-Moreno
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Y BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C Brisbois
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | - T Capistrán
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Carramiñana
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Casanova
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland.,Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Castillo
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - U Cotti
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - J Cotzomi
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Coutiño de León
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - C De León
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E De la Fuente
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Dichiara
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B L Dingus
- Physics and Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R W Ellsworth
- School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - K Engel
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - C Espinoza
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - K Fang
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - H Fleischhack
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - N Fraija
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Galván-Gámez
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J A García-González
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F Garfias
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - M M González
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Z Hampel-Arias
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Inter-university Institute for High Energies, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J P Harding
- Physics and Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - S Hernandez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Hinton
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Hona
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | - C M Hui
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Astrophysics Office, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - P Hüntemeyer
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - A Iriarte
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Jardin-Blicq
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Joshi
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kaufmann
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | - P Kar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - G J Kunde
- Physics and Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - R J Lauer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - W H Lee
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H León Vargas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H Li
- Physics and Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - J T Linnemann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A L Longinotti
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - G Luis-Raya
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Mexico
| | | | - K Malone
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - S S Marinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - O Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - J Martínez-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J A Matthews
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - E Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Mostafá
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - A Nayerhoda
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Newbold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - J Pretz
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Z Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C D Rho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - C Rivière
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - D Rosa-González
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Rosenberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Salesa Greus
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Sandoval
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Schneider
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Seglar Arroyo
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - G Sinnis
- Physics and Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - R W Springer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P Surajbali
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - O Tibolla
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - G Vianello
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - L Villaseñor
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - T Weisgarber
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - F Werner
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Westerhoff
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Wood
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T Yapici
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A Zepeda
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico.,Physics Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Physics and Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
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23
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Shang L, Smith AJ, Duan L, Perkey KE, Wietgrefe S, Zupancic M, Southern PJ, Johnson RP, Carlis JV, Haase AT. Vaccine-Associated Maintenance of Epithelial Integrity Correlated With Protection Against Virus Entry. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:1272-1283. [PMID: 29401315 PMCID: PMC6455945 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the mechanisms by which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) might penetrate the epithelial barrier during sexual transmission to women and the mechanisms of vaccine-associated protection against entry, we characterized early epithelial responses to vaginal inoculation of simian immunodeficiency virus strain mac251 (SIVmac251) in naive or SIVmac239Δnef-vaccinated rhesus macaques. Vaginal inoculation induced an early stress response in the cervicovaginal epithelium, which was associated with impaired epithelial integrity, damaged barrier function, and virus and bacterial translocation. In vaccinated animals, early stress responses were suppressed, and the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity correlated with prevention of virus entry. These vaccine-protective effects were associated with a previously described mucosal system for locally producing and concentrating trimeric gp41 antibodies at the mucosal interface and with formation of SIV-specific immune complexes that block the stress responses via binding to the epithelial receptor FCGR2B and subsequent inhibitory signaling. Thus, blocking virus entry may be one protective mechanism by which locally concentrated non-neutralizing Ab might prevent HIV sexual transmission to women.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - L Duan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - K E Perkey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - S Wietgrefe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - M Zupancic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - P J Southern
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
| | - R P Johnson
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J V Carlis
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - A T Haase
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Minneapolis
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24
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Georgiadis A, Duran Y, Ribeiro J, Abelleira-Hervas L, Robbie SJ, Sünkel-Laing B, Fourali S, Gonzalez-Cordero A, Cristante E, Michaelides M, Bainbridge JWB, Smith AJ, Ali RR. Correction: Development of an optimized AAV2/5 gene therapy vector for Leber congenital amaurosis owing to defects in RPE65. Gene Ther 2018; 25:450. [PMID: 30046128 PMCID: PMC6328849 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-018-0031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The authors originally published this article under the incorrect license type; this has now been corrected and is published under the CC-BY license.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Georgiadis
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Y Duran
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - J Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - L Abelleira-Hervas
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - S J Robbie
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - B Sünkel-Laing
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - S Fourali
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - A Gonzalez-Cordero
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - E Cristante
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - M Michaelides
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - J W B Bainbridge
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - R R Ali
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
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25
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Evans ME, Lester CD, Smith AJ. Fake Science: editorial. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 56:649. [PMID: 30054027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Abeysekara AU, Albert A, Alfaro R, Alvarez C, Álvarez JD, Arceo R, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares HA, Barber AS, Bautista-Elivar N, Becerril A, Belmont-Moreno E, BenZvi SY, Berley D, Bernal A, Braun J, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora KS, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Castillo M, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De León C, De la Fuente E, Dingus BL, DuVernois MA, Díaz-Vélez JC, Ellsworth RW, Engel K, Enríquez-Rivera O, Fiorino DW, Fraija N, García-González JA, Garfias F, Gerhardt M, González Muñoz A, González MM, Goodman JA, Hampel-Arias Z, Harding JP, Hernández S, Hernández-Almada A, Hinton J, Hona B, Hui CM, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Jardin-Blicq A, Joshi V, Kaufmann S, Kieda D, Lara A, Lauer RJ, Lee WH, Lennarz D, Vargas HL, Linnemann JT, Longinotti AL, Luis Raya G, Luna-García R, López-Coto R, Malone K, Marinelli SS, Martinez O, Martinez-Castellanos I, Martínez-Castro J, Martínez-Huerta H, Matthews JA, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Moreno E, Mostafá M, Nellen L, Newbold M, Nisa MU, Noriega-Papaqui R, Pelayo R, Pretz J, Pérez-Pérez EG, Ren Z, Rho CD, Rivière C, Rosa-González D, Rosenberg M, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salazar H, Salesa Greus F, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Schoorlemmer H, Sinnis G, Smith AJ, Springer RW, Surajbali P, Taboada I, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Ukwatta TN, Vianello G, Weisgarber T, Westerhoff S, Wisher IG, Wood J, Yapici T, Yodh G, Younk PW, Zepeda A, Zhou H, Guo F, Hahn J, Li H, Zhang H. Extended gamma-ray sources around pulsars constrain the origin of the positron flux at Earth. Science 2018; 358:911-914. [PMID: 29146808 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The unexpectedly high flux of cosmic-ray positrons detected at Earth may originate from nearby astrophysical sources, dark matter, or unknown processes of cosmic-ray secondary production. We report the detection, using the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC), of extended tera-electron volt gamma-ray emission coincident with the locations of two nearby middle-aged pulsars (Geminga and PSR B0656+14). The HAWC observations demonstrate that these pulsars are indeed local sources of accelerated leptons, but the measured tera-electron volt emission profile constrains the diffusion of particles away from these sources to be much slower than previously assumed. We demonstrate that the leptons emitted by these objects are therefore unlikely to be the origin of the excess positrons, which may have a more exotic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Abeysekara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A Albert
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - R Alfaro
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Alvarez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - J D Álvarez
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - R Arceo
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - D Avila Rojas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H A Ayala Solares
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - A S Barber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - A Becerril
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Belmont-Moreno
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Y BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - A Bernal
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Braun
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C Brisbois
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | - T Capistrán
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Carramiñana
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Casanova
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.,Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Castillo
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - U Cotti
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - J Cotzomi
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Coutiño de León
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - C De León
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E De la Fuente
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - B L Dingus
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R W Ellsworth
- School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - K Engel
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - O Enríquez-Rivera
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - D W Fiorino
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - N Fraija
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J A García-González
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F Garfias
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Gerhardt
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - A González Muñoz
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M M González
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Z Hampel-Arias
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J P Harding
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - S Hernández
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Hernández-Almada
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Hinton
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Hona
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - C M Hui
- Astrophysics Office, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - P Hüntemeyer
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - A Iriarte
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Jardin-Blicq
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Joshi
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kaufmann
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - D Kieda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A Lara
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R J Lauer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - W H Lee
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - D Lennarz
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H León Vargas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J T Linnemann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A L Longinotti
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - G Luis Raya
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - R Luna-García
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R López-Coto
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - K Malone
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - S S Marinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - O Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - J Martínez-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H Martínez-Huerta
- Physics Department, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J A Matthews
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - E Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Mostafá
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Newbold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - R Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Pretz
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - E G Pérez-Pérez
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Z Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C D Rho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C Rivière
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - D Rosa-González
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Rosenberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - F Salesa Greus
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
| | - A Sandoval
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Schneider
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Sinnis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - R W Springer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P Surajbali
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - O Tibolla
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - T N Ukwatta
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - G Vianello
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - T Weisgarber
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Westerhoff
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - I G Wisher
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T Yapici
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - P W Younk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - A Zepeda
- Physics Department, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.,Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - H Zhou
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
| | - F Guo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Li
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - H Zhang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
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27
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Shang L, Smith AJ, Reilly CS, Duan L, Perkey KE, Wietgrefe S, Zupancic M, Southern PJ, Johnson RP, Carlis JV, Haase AT. Vaccine-modified NF-kB and GR signaling in cervicovaginal epithelium correlates with protection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:512-522. [PMID: 28792003 PMCID: PMC5807226 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cervicovaginal epithelium plays a critical role in determining the outcome of virus transmission in the female reproductive tract (FRT) by initiating or suppressing transmission-facilitating mucosal immune responses in naïve and SIVmac239Δnef-vaccinated animals, respectively. In this study, we examined the very early responses of cervical epithelium within 24 h after vaginal exposure to SIV in naive and SIVmac239Δnef-vaccinated rhesus macaques. Using both ex vivo and in vivo experimental systems, we found that vaginal exposure to SIV rapidly induces a broad spectrum of pro-inflammatory responses in the epithelium associated with a reciprocal regulation of NF-kB and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling pathways. Conversely, maintenance of high-level GR expression and suppression of NF-kB expression in the epithelium were associated with an immunologically quiescent state in the FRT mucosa and protection against vaginal challenge in SIVmac239Δnef-vaccinated animals. We show that the immunologically quiescent state is induced by FCGR2B-immune complexes interactions that modify the reciprocal regulation of NF-kB and GR signaling pathways. Our results suggest that targeting the balance of NF-kB and GR signaling in early cervicovaginal epithelium responses could moderate mucosal inflammation and target cell availability after vaginal infection, thereby providing a complementary approach to current prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - C S Reilly
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - L Duan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - K E Perkey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - S Wietgrefe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - M Zupancic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - P J Southern
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - R P Johnson
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J V Carlis
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - A T Haase
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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28
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Schwalbe EC, Hicks D, Rafiee G, Bashton M, Gohlke H, Enshaei A, Potluri S, Matthiesen J, Mather M, Taleongpong P, Chaston R, Silmon A, Curtis A, Lindsey JC, Crosier S, Smith AJ, Goschzik T, Doz F, Rutkowski S, Lannering B, Pietsch T, Bailey S, Williamson D, Clifford SC. Minimal methylation classifier (MIMIC): A novel method for derivation and rapid diagnostic detection of disease-associated DNA methylation signatures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13421. [PMID: 29044166 PMCID: PMC5647382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid and reliable detection of disease-associated DNA methylation patterns has major potential to advance molecular diagnostics and underpin research investigations. We describe the development and validation of minimal methylation classifier (MIMIC), combining CpG signature design from genome-wide datasets, multiplex-PCR and detection by single-base extension and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, in a novel method to assess multi-locus DNA methylation profiles within routine clinically-applicable assays. We illustrate the application of MIMIC to successfully identify the methylation-dependent diagnostic molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma (the most common malignant childhood brain tumour), using scant/low-quality samples remaining from the most recently completed pan-European medulloblastoma clinical trial, refractory to analysis by conventional genome-wide DNA methylation analysis. Using this approach, we identify critical DNA methylation patterns from previously inaccessible cohorts, and reveal novel survival differences between the medulloblastoma disease subgroups with significant potential for clinical exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Schwalbe
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Hicks
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - G Rafiee
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Queen's University,, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - M Bashton
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - A Enshaei
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Potluri
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Matthiesen
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Mather
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - P Taleongpong
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - A Silmon
- NewGene, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Curtis
- NewGene, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J C Lindsey
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Crosier
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A J Smith
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - T Goschzik
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - F Doz
- Institut Curie and University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - S Rutkowski
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Lannering
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg and the Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T Pietsch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Bailey
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Williamson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S C Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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29
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Sanders K, Lin CL, Smith AJ, Cronin N, Fisher G, Eftychidis V, McGlynn P, Savery NJ, Wigley DB, Dillingham MS. The structure and function of an RNA polymerase interaction domain in the PcrA/UvrD helicase. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:3875-3887. [PMID: 28160601 PMCID: PMC5397179 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PcrA/UvrD helicase functions in multiple pathways that promote bacterial genome stability including the suppression of conflicts between replication and transcription and facilitating the repair of transcribed DNA. The reported ability of PcrA/UvrD to bind and backtrack RNA polymerase (1,2) might be relevant to these functions, but the structural basis for this activity is poorly understood. In this work, we define a minimal RNA polymerase interaction domain in PcrA, and report its crystal structure at 1.5 Å resolution. The domain adopts a Tudor-like fold that is similar to other RNA polymerase interaction domains, including that of the prototype transcription-repair coupling factor Mfd. Removal or mutation of the interaction domain reduces the ability of PcrA/UvrD to interact with and to remodel RNA polymerase complexes in vitro. The implications of this work for our understanding of the role of PcrA/UvrD at the interface of DNA replication, transcription and repair are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Sanders
- DNA:Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK and Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Abigail J Smith
- DNA:Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Nora Cronin
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK and Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gemma Fisher
- DNA:Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | - Peter McGlynn
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Nigel J Savery
- DNA:Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Dale B Wigley
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK and Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark S Dillingham
- DNA:Protein Interactions Unit, School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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30
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Shang L, Duan L, Perkey KE, Wietgrefe S, Zupancic M, Smith AJ, Southern PJ, Johnson RP, Haase AT. Epithelium-innate immune cell axis in mucosal responses to SIV. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:508-519. [PMID: 27435105 PMCID: PMC5250613 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus)-rhesus macaque model of HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type I) transmission to women, one hallmark of the mucosal response to exposure to high doses of SIV is CD4 T-cell recruitment that fuels local virus expansion in early infection. In this study, we systematically analyzed the cellular events and chemoattractant profiles in cervical tissues that precede CD4 T-cell recruitment. We show that vaginal exposure to the SIV inoculum rapidly induces chemokine expression in cervical epithelium including CCL3, CCL20, and CXCL8. The chemokine expression is associated with early recruitment of macrophages and plasmacytoid dendritic cells that are co-clustered underneath the cervical epithelium. Production of chemokines CCL3 and CXCL8 by these cells in turn generates a chemokine gradient that is spatially correlated with the recruitment of CD4 T cells. We further show that the protection of SIVmac239Δnef vaccination against vaginal challenge is correlated with the absence of this epithelium-innate immune cell-CD4 T-cell axis response in the cervical mucosa. Our results reveal a critical role for cervical epithelium in initiating early mucosal responses to vaginal infection, highlight an important role for macrophages in target cell recruitment, and provide further evidence of a paradoxical dampening effect of a protective vaccine on these early mucosal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - L Duan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - K E Perkey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - S Wietgrefe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - M Zupancic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - P J Southern
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - R P Johnson
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - A T Haase
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Abstract
Prion diseases have recently emerged as a significant challenge to health-care workers, including those involved in dentistry. Abnormal prion proteins are resistant to complete inactivation by conventional sterilization techniques. In the last decade, a new form of prion disease emerged in the UK, termed "variant CJD", thought to be acquired by consumption of bovine spongiform encephalopathy-contaminated food products. At present, CJD is an invariably fatal disease with no immediate prospect of treatment or vaccination. Of concern with the variant form of CJD, unlike the more classic forms of the disease, is the appearance of significant levels of infectivity outside the central nervous system. This raises concerns for the potential transmission of prion proteins via surgical procedures from individuals in the asymptomatic stage of the disease. This article reviews the existing knowledge base on the nature of prions, their distribution in oral tissues, and the implications for dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Smith
- Infection Research Group, Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, Scotland, UK.
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Smith AJ. Comments on screening related topics. J Med Screen 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jms.5.2.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Smith AJ. Comments on screening related topics. J Med Screen 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jms.5.3.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Cancer has been recognized for thousands of years. Egyptians believed that cancer occurred at the will of the gods. Hippocrates believed human disease resulted from an imbalance of the four humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile with cancer being caused by excess black bile. The lymph theory of cancer replaced the humoral theory and the blastema theory replaced the lymph theory. Rudolph Virchow was the first to recognize that cancer cells like all cells came from other cells and believed chronic irritation caused cancer. At the same time there was a belief that trauma caused cancer, though it never evolved after many experiments inducing trauma. The birth of virology occurred in 1892 when Dimitri Ivanofsky demonstrated that diseased tobacco plants remained infective after filtering their sap through a filter that trapped bacteria. Martinus Beijerinck would call the tiny infective agent a virus and both Dimitri Ivanofsky and Marinus Beijerinck would become the fathers of virology. Not to long thereafter, Payton Rous founded the field of tumor virology in 1911 with his discovery of a transmittable sarcoma of chickens by what would come to be called Rous sarcoma virus or RSV for short. The first identified human tumor virus was the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), named after Tony Epstein and Yvonne Barr who visualized the virus particles in Burkitt's lymphoma cells by electron microscopy in 1965. Since that time, many viruses have been associated with carcinogenesis including the most studied, human papilloma virus associated with cervical carcinoma, many other anogenital carcinomas, and oropharyngeal carcinoma. The World Health Organization currently estimates that approximately 22% of worldwide cancers are attributable to infectious etiologies, of which viral etiologies is estimated at 15-20%. The field of tumor virology/viral carcinogenesis has not only identified viruses as etiologic agents of human cancers, but has also given molecular insights to all human cancers including the oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Smith
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - L A Smith
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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Georgiadis A, Duran Y, Ribeiro J, Abelleira-Hervas L, Robbie SJ, Sünkel-Laing B, Fourali S, Gonzalez-Cordero A, Cristante E, Michaelides M, Bainbridge JWB, Smith AJ, Ali RR. Development of an optimized AAV2/5 gene therapy vector for Leber congenital amaurosis owing to defects in RPE65. Gene Ther 2016; 23:857-862. [PMID: 27653967 PMCID: PMC5143366 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Leber congenital amaurosis is a group of inherited retinal dystrophies that cause severe sight impairment in childhood; RPE65-deficiency causes impaired rod photoreceptor function from birth and progressive impairment of cone photoreceptor function associated with retinal degeneration. In animal models of RPE65 deficiency, subretinal injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) 2/2 vectors carrying RPE65 cDNA improves rod photoreceptor function, and intervention at an early stage of disease provides sustained benefit by protecting cone photoreceptors against retinal degeneration. In affected humans, administration of these vectors has resulted to date in relatively modest improvements in photoreceptor function, even when retinal degeneration is comparatively mild, and the duration of benefit is limited by progressive retinal degeneration. We conclude that the demand for RPE65 in humans is not fully met by current vectors, and predict that a more powerful vector will provide more durable benefit. With this aim we have modified the original AAV2/2 vector to generate AAV2/5-OPTIRPE65. The new configuration consists of an AAV vector serotype 5 carrying an optimized hRPE65 promoter and a codon-optimized hRPE65 gene. In mice, AAV2/5-OPTIRPE65 is at least 300-fold more potent than our original AAV2/2 vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Georgiadis
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Y Duran
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - J Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - L Abelleira-Hervas
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - S J Robbie
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - B Sünkel-Laing
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - S Fourali
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - A Gonzalez-Cordero
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - E Cristante
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - M Michaelides
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - J W B Bainbridge
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - R R Ali
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London EC1V 2PD, UK
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Smith AJ, Kalkman ED, Gilbert ZW, Tonks IA. ZnCl2 Capture Promotes Ethylene Polymerization by a Salicylaldiminato Ni Complex Bearing a Pendent 2,2′-Bipyridine Group. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Eric D. Kalkman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zachary W. Gilbert
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455, United States
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Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide background material necessary for the development of international guidelines for the health and welfare monitoring of fish used in research. It provides an overview of present guidelines and discusses why more detailed and species-specific guidelines are needed. A major issue within fish research is to document the situation today and point out areas where improvements are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Johansen
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Laboratory Animal Unit, PO Box 8146 Dep., 0033 Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
As a regular reader of Nursing Standard since its first issue, I feel that I must make a few comments on the article about Anaesthetic Nurses in the issue week ending October 31.
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Echols BS, Smith AJ, Gardinali PR, Rand GM. The use of ephyrae of a scyphozoan jellyfish, Aurelia aurita, in the aquatic toxicological assessment of Macondo oils from the Deepwater Horizon incident. Chemosphere 2016; 144:1893-1900. [PMID: 26547023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ephyrae of the scyphozoan jellyfish, Aurelia aurita, were evaluated in 96-hr acute toxicity tests for lethal response to Macondo crude oils from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), Corexit 9500, and oil-dispersant mixtures. Water accommodated fractions (WAFs) of weathered and unweathered Macondo crude oils were not acutely toxic to ephyrae (LC50s > 100% WAF). The total PAHs (TPAHs), measured as the sum of 46 PAHs, averaged 21.1and 152 µg TPAH/L for WAFs of weathered and unweathered oil, respectively. Mortality was significantly (p = <0.0001) higher in the three highest exposure concentrations (184-736 µg TPAH/L) of chemically dispersed WAFs (CEWAF) compared to controls. Dispersant only tests resulted in a mean LC50 of 32.3 µL/L, which is in the range of previously published LC50s for marine zooplankton. Changes in appearance and muscle contractions were observed in organisms exposed to CEWAF dilutions of 12.5 and 25%, as early as 24 h post-exposure. Based on the results of these tests, crude oil alone did not cause significant acute toxicity; however, the presence of chemical dispersant resulted in substantial mortality and physical and behavioral abnormalities either due to an increase in hydrocarbons or droplet exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Echols
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Earth and Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
| | - A J Smith
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Earth and Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - P R Gardinali
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - G M Rand
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Earth and Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
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Duncan HF, Smith AJ, Fleming GJP, Reid C, Smith G, Cooper PR. Release of bio-active dentine extracellular matrix components by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). Int Endod J 2016; 50:24-38. [PMID: 26609946 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM To characterize dentine matrix component (DMC) release and smear layer removal by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). METHODOLOGY DMCs were extracted from powdered human dentine over 14 days using three HDACis, valproic acid (VPA), trichostatin A (TSA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and compared with a control extractant, 10% (w/v) EDTA. Protein compositions of the resultant extracts were analysed by 1D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-PAGE), TGF-β-1 and MMP-9 ELISAs and a high-throughput growth factor antibody array. Dentine discs with a standardized smear layer were prepared from human molars and treated with EDTA (17% w/v), polyacrylic acid (PA) (20% v/v) and the experimental HDACis prior to analysis by scanning electron microscopy. Parametric ELISA data were analysed using one-way anova and Tukey's post hoc test, whilst nonparametric smear layer data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test (P < 0.05). RESULTS HDACis did not remove smear layer in the presence or absence of PA pre-treatment (P ≥ 0.478). 1D-PAGE analysis demonstrated different protein profiles for EDTA and HDACi extracts. All HDACi solutions released TGF-β-1 although less effectively than EDTA (P < 0.001), whilst MMP-9 was extracted in significantly higher concentration by EDTA and VPA compared with TSA (P < 0.012). Antibody array analysis demonstrated the ability of HDACis to extract a complex cocktail of established/novel growth factors from dentine, albeit significantly less efficiently than EDTA for certain cytokines (TGF-β-1, PDGF-AA, VEGF-A) and significantly more effectively for others (GDF-15, IGF-1, EGRF-1, NGFR, BDNF, SCF-R). CONCLUSIONS HDACi release a range of bioactive DMCs that could promote dentine repair processes in vivo; however, they are ineffective at removing smear layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A J Smith
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - G J P Fleming
- Material Science Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Reid
- Centre for Microscopy and Analysis, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Smith
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P R Cooper
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Dowsey MM, Smith AJ, Choong PFM. Latent Class Growth Analysis predicts long term pain and function trajectories in total knee arthroplasty: a study of 689 patients. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:2141-2149. [PMID: 26187575 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize groups of subjects according to their trajectory of knee pain and function over 1 to 5 years post total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS Patients from one centre who underwent primary TKA (N = 689) between 2006 and 2008. The Knee Society Score (KSS) was collected pre-operatively and annually post-operatively. Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) was used to classify groups of subjects according to their trajectory of knee pain and function over 1-5 years post-surgery. RESULTS LCGA identified a class of patients with persistent moderate knee pain (22.0%). Predictors (OR, 95% CI) of moderate pain trajectory class membership were pre-surgery SF12 mental component summary (MCS) per 10 points (0.65, 0.54-0.79) and physical component summary (PCS) per 10 points (0.50, 0.33-0.76), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) one (1.70, 1.07-2.69) and ≥two (2.82, 1.59-4.81) and the absence of computer-navigation (2.26, 1.09-4.68). LCGA also identified a class of patients with poor function (23.0%). Predictors of low function trajectory class membership were, female sex (3.31, 1.95-5.63), advancing age per 10 years (2.27, 1.69-3.02), pre-surgery PCS per 10 points (0.50, 0.33-0.74), obesity (1.69, 1.05-2.72), morbid obesity (3.12, 1.55-6.27) and CCI ≥two (2.50, 1.41-4.42). CONCLUSIONS Modifiable predictors of poor response to TKA included baseline co-morbidity, physical and mental well-being and obesity. This provides useful information for clinicians in terms of informing patients of the expected course of longer term outcomes of TKA and for developing prediction algorithms that identify patients in whom there is a high likelihood of poor surgical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Dowsey
- Department of Orthopaedics and The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia.
| | - A J Smith
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Australia.
| | - P F M Choong
- Department of Orthopaedics and The University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia.
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Devlin MJ, Massoud MS, Hamid SA, Al-Zaidan A, Al-Sarawi H, Al-Enezi M, Al-Ghofran L, Smith AJ, Barry J, Stentiford GD, Morris S, da Silva ET, Lyons BP. Changes in the water quality conditions of Kuwait's marine waters: Long term impacts of nutrient enrichment. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 100:607-620. [PMID: 26490407 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work analyses a 30 year water quality data set collated from chemical analyses of Kuwait's marine waters. Spatial patterns across six sites in Kuwait Bay and seven sites located in the Arabian Gulf are explored and discussed in terms of the changing influences associated with point and diffuse sources. Statistical modelling demonstrated significant increases for dissolved nutrients over the time period. Kuwait marine waters have been subject to inputs from urban development, untreated sewage discharges and decreasing river flow from the Shatt al-Arab River. Chlorophyll biomass showed a small but significant reduction; the high sewage content of the coastal waters from sewage discharges likely favouring the presence of smaller phytoplankton taxa. This detailed assessment of temporal data of the impacts of sewage inputs into Kuwait's coastal waters establishes an important baseline permitting future assessments to be made as sewage is upgraded, and the river continues to be extracted upstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Devlin
- James Cook University, Catchment Reef Research Group, TropWater, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
| | - M S Massoud
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - S A Hamid
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - A Al-Zaidan
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - H Al-Sarawi
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - M Al-Enezi
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - L Al-Ghofran
- Kuwait Environment Public Authority, P.O. Box 24395, Safat 13104, Kuwait
| | - A J Smith
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - J Barry
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom
| | - G D Stentiford
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - S Morris
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - E T da Silva
- James Cook University, Catchment Reef Research Group, TropWater, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
| | - B P Lyons
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
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