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Leonardi A, Donato A, Rosani U, Di Stefano A, Cavarzeran F, Brun P. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:23. [PMID: 38597723 PMCID: PMC11008754 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is an ocular allergic disease characterized by a type 2 inflammation, tissue remodeling, and low quality of life for the affected patients. We investigated the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response in VKC. Methods Conjunctival imprints from VKC patients and normal subjects (CTs) were collected, and RNA was isolated, reverse transcribed, and analyzed with the Affymetrix microarray. Differentially expressed genes between VKC patients and CTs were evaluated. Genes related to ER stress, apoptosis, and autophagy were further considered. VKC and CT conjunctival biopsies were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with specific antibodies against unfolded protein response (UPR), apoptosis, and inflammation. Conjunctival fibroblast and epithelial cell cultures were exposed to the conditioned medium of activated U937 monocytes and analyzed by quantitative PCR for the expression of UPR, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory markers. Results ER chaperones HSPA5 (GRP78/BiP) and HYOU1 (GRP170) were upregulated in VKC patients compared to CTs. Genes encoding for ER transmembrane proteins, PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), ER-associated degradation (ERAD), and autophagy were upregulated, but not those related to apoptosis. Increased positive reactivity of BiP and ATF6 and unchanged expression of apoptosis markers were confirmed by IHC. Cell cultures in stress conditions showed an overexpression of UPR, proinflammatory, apoptosis, and autophagy markers. Conclusions A significant overexpression of genes encoding for ER stress, UPR, and pro-inflammatory pathway components was reported for VKC. Even though these pathways may lead to ER homeostasis, apoptosis, or inflammation, ER stress in VKC may predominantly contribute to promote inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leonardi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Donato
- Histology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cavarzeran
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Histology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Donato A, Di Stefano A, Freato N, Bertocchi L, Brun P. Inhibition of Pro-Fibrotic Molecules Expression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis-Derived Lung Fibroblasts by Lactose-Modified Hyaluronic Acid Compounds. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:138. [PMID: 38201803 PMCID: PMC10780654 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic inflammatory and fibrotic pathological condition with undefined effective therapies and a poor prognosis, partly due to the lack of specific and effective therapies. Galectin 3 (Gal-3), a pro-fibrotic ß-galactoside binding lectin, was upregulated in the early stages of the pathology, suggesting that it may be considered a marker of active fibrosis. In the present in vitro study, we use Hylach®, a lactose-modified hyaluronic acid able to bind Gal-3, to prevent the activation of lung myofibroblast and the consequent excessive ECM protein cell expression. Primary human pulmonary fibroblasts obtained from normal and IPF subjects activated with TGF-β were used, and changes in cell viability, fibrotic components, and pro-inflammatory mediator expression at both gene and protein levels were analyzed. Hylach compounds with a lactosylation degree of about 10% and 30% (Hylach1 and Hylach 2), administrated to TGF-β-stimulated lung fibroblast cultures, significantly downregulated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) gene expression and decreased collagen type I, collagen type III, elastin, fibronectin gene and protein expression to near baseline values. This anti-fibrotic activity is accompanied by a strong anti-inflammatory effect and by a downregulation of the gene expression of Smad2 for both Hylachs in comparison to the native HA. In conclusion, the Gal-3 binding molecules Hylachs attenuated inflammation and TGF-β-induced over-expression of α-SMA and ECM protein expression by primary human lung fibroblasts, providing a new direction for the treatment of pulmonary fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Donato
- Histology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia Dell’apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 28010 Veruno, Italy;
| | | | | | - Paola Brun
- Histology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
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Levra S, Rosani U, Gnemmi I, Brun P, Leonardi A, Carriero V, Bertolini F, Balbi B, Profita M, Ricciardolo FLM, Di Stefano A. Impaired autophagy in the lower airways and lung parenchyma in stable COPD. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00423-2023. [PMID: 38111541 PMCID: PMC10726222 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00423-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence of autophagy activation in COPD, but its role is complex and probably regulated through cell type-specific mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the autophagic process at multiple levels within the respiratory system, using different methods to clarify conflicting results reported so far. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on bronchial biopsies and peripheral lung samples obtained from COPD patients (30 and 12 per sample type, respectively) and healthy controls (25 and 22 per sample type, respectively), divided by smoking history. Subjects were matched for age and smoking history. We analysed some of the most important proteins involved in autophagosome formation, such as LC3 and p62, as well as some molecules essential for lysosome function, such as lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the autophagic process in both sample types. ELISA and transcriptomic analysis were performed on lung samples. Results We found increased autophagic stimulus in smoking subjects, regardless of respiratory function. This was revealed by immunohistochemistry through a significant increase in LC3 (p<0.01) and LAMP1 (p<0.01) in small airway bronchiolar epithelium, alveolar septa and alveolar macrophages. Similar results were obtained in bronchial biopsy epithelium by evaluating LC3B (p<0.05), also increased in homogenate lung tissue using ELISA (p<0.05). Patients with COPD, unlike the others, showed an increase in p62 by ELISA (p<0.05). No differences were found in transcriptomics analysis. Conclusions Different techniques, applied at post-transcriptional level, confirm that cigarette smoke stimulates autophagy at multiple levels inside the respiratory system, and that autophagy failure may characterise COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Levra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Rosani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno (Novara), Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Histology Unit, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Leonardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Mirella Profita
- Section of Palermo, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (IFT-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Luigi Massimo Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Section of Palermo, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (IFT-CNR), Palermo, Italy
- Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno (Novara), Italy
- These authors contributed equally
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Di Stefano A, Rosani U, Levra S, Gnemmi I, Brun P, Maniscalco M, D’Anna SE, Carriero V, Bertolini F, Ricciardolo FLM. Bone Morphogenic Proteins and Their Antagonists in the Lower Airways of Stable COPD Patients. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1304. [PMID: 37887014 PMCID: PMC10603834 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and their antagonists are involved in the tissue development and homeostasis of various organs. OBJECTIVE To determine transcriptomic and protein expression of BMPs and their antagonists in stable COPD. METHODS We measured the expression and localization of BMPs and some relevant antagonists in bronchial biopsies of stable mild/moderate COPD (MCOPD) (n = 18), severe/very severe COPD (SCOPD) (n = 16), control smokers (CS) (n = 13), and control non-smokers (CNS) (n = 11), and in lung parenchyma of MCOPD (n = 9), CS (n = 11), and CNS (n = 9) using immunohistochemistry and transcriptome analysis, in vitro after the stimulation of the 16HBE cells. RESULTS In bronchial biopsies, BMP4 antagonists CRIM1 and chordin were increased in the bronchial epithelium and lamina propria of COPD patients. BMP4 expression was decreased in the bronchial epithelium of SCOPD and MCOPD compared to CNS. Lung transcriptomic data showed non-significant changes between groups. CRIM1 and chordin were significantly decreased in the alveolar macrophages and alveolar septa in COPD patients. External 16HBE treatment with BMP4 protein reduced the bronchial epithelial cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These data show an imbalance between BMP proteins and their antagonists in the lungs of stable COPD. This imbalance may play a role in the remodeling of the airways, altering the regenerative-reparative responses of the diseased bronchioles and lung parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 28010 Veruno, Italy;
| | - Umberto Rosani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Stefano Levra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.L.); (V.C.); (F.B.); (F.L.M.R.)
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 28010 Veruno, Italy;
| | - Paola Brun
- Histology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 82037 Telese, Italy; (M.M.); (S.E.D.)
| | - Silvestro Ennio D’Anna
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 82037 Telese, Italy; (M.M.); (S.E.D.)
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.L.); (V.C.); (F.B.); (F.L.M.R.)
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.L.); (V.C.); (F.B.); (F.L.M.R.)
| | - Fabio L. M. Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.L.); (V.C.); (F.B.); (F.L.M.R.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (IFT-CNR), Section of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Ricciardolo FLM, Guida G, Bertolini F, Di Stefano A, Carriero V. Phenotype overlap in the natural history of asthma. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:32/168/220201. [PMID: 37197769 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0201-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of asthma makes it challenging to unravel the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the disease. Despite the wealth of research identifying diverse phenotypes, many gaps still remain in our knowledge of the disease's complexity. A crucial aspect is the impact of airborne factors over a lifetime, which often results in a complex overlap of phenotypes associated with type 2 (T2), non-T2 and mixed inflammation. Evidence now shows overlaps between the phenotypes associated with T2, non-T2 and mixed T2/non-T2 inflammation. These interconnections could be induced by different determinants such as recurrent infections, environmental factors, T-helper plasticity and comorbidities, collectively resulting in a complex network of distinct pathways generally considered as mutually exclusive. In this scenario, we need to abandon the concept of asthma as a disease characterised by distinct traits grouped into static segregated categories. It is now evident that there are multiple interplays between the various physiologic, cellular and molecular features of asthma, and the overlap of phenotypes cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council (IFT-CNR), section of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guida
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Department of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, IRCCS, Novara, Italy
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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D'Anna SE, Dossena F, Gnemmi I, Brun P, Spanevello A, Carriero V, Bertolini F, Maniscalco M, Ricciardolo FL, Balbi B, Di Stefano A. Bacterial load and related innate immune response in the bronchi of rapid decliners with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2023:107297. [PMID: 37245650 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of COPD patients with rapid lung functional decline is of interest for prognostic and therapeutic reasons. We recently reported an impaired humoral immune response in rapid decliners. OBJECTIVE To determine the microbiota associated to markers of innate immune host response in COPD patients with rapid lung functional decline. METHODS In COPD patients monitored for at least 3 years (mean ± SD: 5.8 ± 3 years) for lung functional decline, the microbiota and related markers of immune response was measured in bronchial biopsies of patients with different lung functional decline (rate of FEV1% lung functional decline: no decline FEV1%, ≤20 ml/year n = 21, slow decline FEV1%, >20 ≤ 70 ml/year, n = 14 and rapid decline FEV1%, >70 ml/year, n = 15) using qPCR for microbiota and immunohistochemistry for cell-receptors and inflammatory markers. MAIN RESULTS Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae were increased in rapid decliners vs slow decliners, S. pneumoniae was also increased compared to non decliners. In all patients, S. pneumoniae (copies/ml) positively correlated with pack-years consumption, lung function decline, TLR4, NOD1, NOD2 scored in bronchial epithelium and NOD1/mm2 in lamina propria. CONCLUSION These data show an imbalance of microbiota components in rapid decliners which is associated to the expression of the related cell-receptors in all COPD patients. These findings may help in the prognostic stratification and treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestro Ennio D'Anna
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Telese, BN, Italy.
| | - Francesca Dossena
- Divisione di Pneumologia and Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Divisione di Pneumologia and Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Histology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Spanevello
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, VA, Italy
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Telese, BN, Italy; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Respiratory Disease, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Lm Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia and Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia and Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, NO, Italy
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Donato A, Fontana F, Venerando R, Di Stefano A, Brun P. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Lactose-Modified Hyaluronic Acid Molecules on Primary Bronchial Fibroblasts of Smokers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071616. [PMID: 37050230 PMCID: PMC10096707 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of smoking-related diseases is characterized by macrophage-mediated inflammation, which is responsible for an increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and galectins, molecules that bind specifically to β-galactoside sugars. This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of a broad selection of differently lactose-modified hyaluronic acids (HA) named HYLACH®, which are able to bind proinflammatory galectins. The best HYLACH ligands for Gal-3 were selected in silico and their activities were tested in vitro on primary human bronchial fibroblasts obtained from smokers and inflamed with the conditioned medium of activated U937 monocytes. Changes in cell viability, ROS generation, proinflammatory mediators, and MMP expression, at both gene and protein levels, were analyzed. The in silico results show that HYLACH with a percentage of lactosylation of 10-40% are the best ligands for Gal-3. The in vitro study revealed that HYLACH compounds with 10, 20, and 40% lactosylation (HYLACH-1-2-3) administrated to inflamed cell cultures counteracted the oxidative damage and restored gene and protein expression for IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, Gal-1, Gal-3, and MMP-3 to near baseline values. The evidence that HYLACH attenuated macrophage-induced inflammation, inhibited MMP expression, and exhibited antioxidative effects provide an initial step toward the development of a therapeutic treatment suitable for smoking-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Donato
- Histology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering, A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza dell'Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Rina Venerando
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 28013 Gattico-Veruno, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Histology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Di Stefano A, Dossena F, Gnemmi I, D'Anna SE, Brun P, Balbi B, Piraino A, Spanevello A, Nucera F, Carriero V, Bertolini F, Maniscalco M, Adcock IM, Caramori G, Ricciardolo FLM. Decreased humoral immune response in the bronchi of rapid decliners with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2022; 23:200. [PMID: 35922811 PMCID: PMC9351175 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of COPD patients with a rapid decline in FEV1 is of particular interest for prognostic and therapeutic reasons.
Objective To determine the expression of markers of inflammation in COPD patients with rapid functional decline in comparison to slow or no decliners. Methods In COPD patients monitored for at least 3 years (mean ± SD: 5.8 ± 3 years) for lung functional decline, the expression and localization of inflammatory markers was measured in bronchial biopsies of patients with no lung functional decline (FEV1% + 30 ± 43 ml/year, n = 21), slow (FEV1% ml/year, − 40 ± 19, n = 14) and rapid decline (FEV1% ml/year, − 112 ± 53, n = 15) using immunohistochemistry. ELISA test was used for polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) quantitation “in vitro”. Results The expression of secretory IgA was significantly reduced in bronchial epithelium (p = 0.011) and plasma cell numbers was significantly reduced in the bronchial lamina propria (p = 0.017) of rapid decliners compared to no decliners. Bronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, CD4, CD8, CD68, CD20, NK, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, pIgR, was not changed in epithelium and lamina propria of rapid decliners compared to other groups. Plasma cells/mm2 correlated positively with scored total IgA in lamina propria of all patients. “In vitro” stimulation of 16HBE cells with LPS (10 μg/ml) and IL-8 (10 ng/ml) induced a significant increase while H2O2 (100 μM) significantly decreased pIgR epithelial expression. Conclusion These data show an impaired humoral immune response in rapid decliners with COPD, marked by reduced epithelial secretory IgA and plasma cell numbers in the bronchial lamina propria. These findings may help in the prognostic stratification and treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit of Veruno Institute, Via Per Revislate, 13, 28010, Veruno, NO, Italy.
| | - Francesca Dossena
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit of Veruno Institute, Via Per Revislate, 13, 28010, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit of Veruno Institute, Via Per Revislate, 13, 28010, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Silvestro Ennio D'Anna
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Telese, BN, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Histology Unit, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit of Veruno Institute, Via Per Revislate, 13, 28010, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Spanevello
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Tradate, VA, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Telese, BN, Italy
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
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Bertolini F, Sprio AE, Baroso A, Riccardi E, Pizzimenti S, Carriero V, Arrigo E, Di Stefano A, Ricciardolo FLM. Predictors of Low and High Exhaled Nitric Oxide Values in Asthma: A Real-World Study. Respiration 2022; 101:746-756. [PMID: 35512642 DOI: 10.1159/000524498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In asthma, exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a clinically established biomarker of airway T2 inflammation and an indicator for anti-inflammatory therapy. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to identify, in an observational real-world cross-sectional study, the main characteristics of patients with asthma as classified by their FENO level. METHOD We stratified 398 patients with stable mild-to-severe asthma according to FENO level as low (≤25 ppb) versus elevated (>25 ppb), subdividing the latter into two subgroups: moderately elevated (26-50 ppb) versus very high FENO (>50 ppb). Clinical, functional, and blood parameters were extrapolated from patients' chart data and compared with the FENO stratification. Predictors of low and elevated FENO asthma were detected by logistic regression model. RESULTS Low BMI, higher blood eosinophilia, allergen poly-sensitization, the severest airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC), and anti-leukotriene use are predictors of elevated FENO values in asthma, as well as persistent rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps. Beyond these, younger age, more than 2 asthma exacerbations/year, higher airflow reversibility (post-bronchodilator ∆FEV1), and oral corticosteroid dependence are predictors of very high FENO values. In contrast, obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, arterial hypertension, and myocardial infarction are predictors of low FENO asthma. In our population, FENO correlated with blood eosinophils, airflow obstruction, and reversibility and negatively correlated with age and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Stratifying patients by FENO level can identify specific asthma phenotypes with distinct clinical features and predictors useful in clinical practice to tailor treatment and improve asthmatic patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea E Sprio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, Marsa, Malta
| | - Andrea Baroso
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Riccardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Pizzimenti
- Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Arrigo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Division of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Novara, Italy
| | - Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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10
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D’Anna SE, Maniscalco M, Cappello F, Carone M, Motta A, Balbi B, Ricciardolo FLM, Caramori G, Di Stefano A. Bacterial and viral infections and related inflammatory responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Med 2021; 53:135-150. [PMID: 32997525 PMCID: PMC7877965 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1831050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, bacterial and viral infections play a relevant role in worsening lung function and, therefore, favour disease progression. The inflammatory response to lung infections may become a specific indication of the bacterial and viral infections. We here review data on the bacterial-viral infections and related airways and lung parenchyma inflammation in stable and exacerbated COPD, focussing our attention on the prevalent molecular pathways in these different clinical conditions. The roles of macrophages, autophagy and NETosis are also briefly discussed in the context of lung infections in COPD. Controlling their combined response may restore a balanced lung homeostasis, reducing the risk of lung function decline. KEY MESSAGE Bacteria and viruses can influence the responses of the innate and adaptive immune system in the lung of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The relationship between viruses and bacterial colonization, and the consequences of the imbalance of these components can modulate the inflammatory state of the COPD lung. The complex actions involving immune trigger cells, which activate innate and cell-mediated inflammatory responses, could be responsible for the clinical consequences of irreversible airflow limitation, lung remodelling and emphysema in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Telese, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata (BIND), Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Istologia Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Carone
- UOC Pulmonology and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Fabio L. M. Ricciardolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Torino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini morfologiche e funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
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11
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Kim RY, Sunkara KP, Bracke KR, Jarnicki AG, Donovan C, Hsu AC, Ieni A, Beckett EL, Galvão I, Wijnant S, Ricciardolo FL, Di Stefano A, Haw TJ, Liu G, Ferguson AL, Palendira U, Wark PA, Conickx G, Mestdagh P, Brusselle GG, Caramori G, Foster PS, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM. A microRNA-21-mediated SATB1/S100A9/NF-κB axis promotes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eaav7223. [PMID: 34818056 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav7223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y Kim
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Krishna P Sunkara
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia.,Graduate School of Health, Discipline of Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Intensive Care Unit, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Andrew G Jarnicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Alan C Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Messina, Messina 98100, Italy
| | - Emma L Beckett
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Sara Wijnant
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Fabio Lm Ricciardolo
- Rare Lung Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital Orbassano, Torino 10043, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, SpA Società Benefit, Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Veruno, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Angela L Ferguson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Umamainthan Palendira
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Griet Conickx
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium.,Ablynx N.V., a Sanofi company, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mestdagh
- Center for Medical Genetics and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina 98100, Italy
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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12
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Nucera F, Lo Bello F, Shen SS, Ruggeri P, Coppolino I, Di Stefano A, Stellato C, Casolaro V, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G. Role of Atypical Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors Pathways in the Pathogenesis of COPD. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2577-2653. [PMID: 32819230 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200819145327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a heightened inflammatory response in the lung generally resulting from tobacco smoking-induced recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells and/or activation of lower airway structural cells. Several mediators can modulate activation and recruitment of these cells, particularly those belonging to the chemokines (conventional and atypical) family. There is emerging evidence for complex roles of atypical chemokines and their receptors (such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), antimicrobial peptides, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) or toll-like receptors (TLRs)) in the pathogenesis of COPD, both in the stable disease and during exacerbations. Modulators of these pathways represent potential novel therapies for COPD and many are now in preclinical development. Inhibition of only a single atypical chemokine or receptor may not block inflammatory processes because there is redundancy in this network. However, there are many animal studies that encourage studies for modulating the atypical chemokine network in COPD. Thus, few pharmaceutical companies maintain a significant interest in developing agents that target these molecules as potential antiinflammatory drugs. Antibody-based (biological) and small molecule drug (SMD)-based therapies targeting atypical chemokines and/or their receptors are mostly at the preclinical stage and their progression to clinical trials is eagerly awaited. These agents will most likely enhance our knowledge about the role of atypical chemokines in COPD pathophysiology and thereby improve COPD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nucera
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Sj S Shen
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Division of Pneumology, Cyto- Immunopathology Laboratory of the Cardio-Respiratory System, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Phil M Hansbro
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
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13
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Bertolini F, Carriero V, Bullone M, Sprio AE, Defilippi I, Sorbello V, Gani F, Di Stefano A, Ricciardolo FLM. Correlation of matrix-related airway remodeling and bradykinin B1 receptor expression with fixed airflow obstruction in severe asthma. Allergy 2021; 76:1886-1890. [PMID: 33284471 DOI: 10.1111/all.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital University of Turin Orbassano, Turin TO Italy
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital University of Turin Orbassano, Turin TO Italy
| | - Michela Bullone
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital University of Turin Orbassano, Turin TO Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Turin Grugliasco, Turin TO Italy
| | - Andrea Elio Sprio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital University of Turin Orbassano, Turin TO Italy
| | - Ilaria Defilippi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital University of Turin Orbassano, Turin TO Italy
| | - Valentina Sorbello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital University of Turin Orbassano, Turin TO Italy
| | - Federica Gani
- Allergy Service AOU San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital Turin TO Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Department of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Veruno NO Italy
| | - Fabio Luigi Massimo Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital University of Turin Orbassano, Turin TO Italy
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14
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Di Stefano A, Maniscalco M, Balbi B, Ricciardolo FLM. Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Obstructive Lung Diseases of Increasing Severity. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:7149-7158. [PMID: 32496983 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200604165451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance between increased oxidative agents and antioxidant defence mechanisms is central in the pathogenesis of obstructive lung diseases such as asthma and COPD. In these patients, there are increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Superoxide anions (O2 -), Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are critical for the formation of further cytotoxic radicals in the bronchi and lung parenchyma. Chronic inflammation, partly induced by oxidative stress, can further increase the oxidant burden through activated phagocytic cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages), particularly in severer disease states. Antioxidants and anti-inflammatory genes are, in fact, frequently downregulated in diseased patients. Nrf2, which activates the Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) leading to upregulation of GPx, thiol metabolism-associated detoxifying enzymes (GSTs) and stressresponse genes (HO-1) are all downregulated in animal models and patients with asthma and COPD. An exaggerated production of Nitric Oxide (NO) in the presence of oxidative stress can promote the formation of oxidizing reactive nitrogen species, such as peroxynitrite (ONO2 -), leading to nitration and DNA damage, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, protein dysfunction, and cell damage in the biological systems. Protein nitration also occurs by activation of myeloperoxidase and H2O2, promoting oxidation of nitrite (NO2 -). There is increased nitrotyrosine and myeloperoxidase in the bronchi of COPD patients, particularly in severe disease. The decreased peroxynitrite inhibitory activity found in induced sputum of COPD patients correlates with pulmonary function. Markers of protein nitration - 3- nitrotyrosine, 3-bromotyrosine, and 3-chlorotyrosine - are increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage of severe asthmatics. Targeting the oxidative, nitrosative stress and associated lung inflammation through the use of either denitration mechanisms or new drug delivery strategies for antioxidant administration could improve the treatment of these chronic disabling obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Immunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, Societa Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, Societa Benefit, IRCCS, Telese, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Immunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, Societa Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, AOU, San Luigi, Orbassano, Universita di Torino, Torino, Italy
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15
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Komici K, Gnemmi I, Bencivenga L, Vitale DF, Rengo G, Di Stefano A, Eleuteri E. Impact of Galectin-3 Circulating Levels on Frailty in Elderly Patients with Systolic Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072229. [PMID: 32674344 PMCID: PMC7408835 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Heart Failure (HF), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, represents a relevant trigger for the development of frailty in the elderly. Inflammation has been reported to play an important role in HF and frailty pathophysiology. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), whose levels increase with aging, exerts a relevant activity in the processes of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of Galectin-3 to serve as a biomarker of frailty in HF patients. Methods: 128 consecutive patients aged 65 and older with the diagnosis of systolic HF underwent a frailty assessment and blood sample collection for serum Gal-3 detection. A multivariable regression analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to identify significant predictors of frailty. Results: Frailty was present in 42.2% of patients. Age: Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.29; 95% Confidence Interval CI (CI) = 1.03-10.55, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale Comorbidity Index (CIRS-CI): OR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.03-3.32, C-Reactive phase Protein (CRP) OR = 3.73; 95% CI = 1.24-11.22, N-terminal-pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP): OR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.21-4.72 and Gal-3: OR = 5.64; 95% CI = 1.97-16.22 resulted in being significantly and independently associated with frailty. The DCA demonstrated that the addition of Gal-3 in the prognostic model resulted in an improved clinical 'net' benefit. Conclusions: Circulating levels of Gal-3 are independently associated with frailty in elderly patients with systolic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Komici
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Francesco de Sanctis, 1, 8610 Campobasso, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-7440-4739
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 28010 Veruno, Italy; (I.G.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (G.R.)
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (G.R.)
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit (ICS Maugeri SpA SB), Telese Terme, 82037 BN, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 28010 Veruno, Italy; (I.G.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Ermanno Eleuteri
- Division of Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 28010 Veruno, Italy;
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16
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Sprio AE, Carriero V, Levra S, Botto C, Bertolini F, Di Stefano A, Maniscalco M, Ciprandi G, Ricciardolo FLM. Clinical Characterization of the Frequent Exacerbator Phenotype in Asthma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072226. [PMID: 32674292 PMCID: PMC7408982 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Asthma exacerbation is episodic worsening of respiratory symptoms in conjunction with the deterioration of lung function, which may occur independently from the asthma severity hampering asthmatics’ quality of life. This study aimed to characterize the patient phenotype more prone to asthma exacerbation (oral corticosteroid burst ≥2 per year) to allow the proper identification of such patients. Methods: This real-life, observational, cross-sectional study evaluated 464 asthmatic patients stratified according to the asthma exacerbations experienced in the previous year. Clinical, functional, and blood parameters were retrieved from chart data and were representative of patients in stable conditions. Results: The frequent asthma exacerbator was more commonly female, suffered from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, had reduced lung function and peripheral oxygen saturation, and had increased daily activity limitations. These patients often had severe asthma and more frequently needed hospitalization in their lives. Furthermore, the frequent asthma exacerbator had higher concentrations of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and exhaled nitric oxide with cut-off risk values of 107.5 kU/L (OR = 4.1) and 43.35 ppb (OR = 3.8), respectively. Conclusions: This study illustrates the clinical features of the frequent asthma exacerbator phenotype. Nevertheless, serum IgE and exhaled nitric oxide could allow the identification of this phenotype and the establishment of an appropriate therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Elio Sprio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.E.S.); (V.C.); (S.L.); (C.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.E.S.); (V.C.); (S.L.); (C.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Stefano Levra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.E.S.); (V.C.); (S.L.); (C.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Carlotta Botto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.E.S.); (V.C.); (S.L.); (C.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.E.S.); (V.C.); (S.L.); (C.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Department of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, IRCCS, Veruno, 28010 Novara, Italy;
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, IRCCS, Telese Terme, 82037 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Ciprandi
- Allergy Clinic, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, 16145 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Fabio Luigi Massimo Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy; (A.E.S.); (V.C.); (S.L.); (C.B.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-9026777
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D’Anna SE, Maniscalco M, Carriero V, Gnemmi I, Caramori G, Nucera F, Righi L, Brun P, Balbi B, Adcock IM, Stella MG, Ricciardolo FL, Di Stefano A. Evaluation of Innate Immune Mediators Related to Respiratory Viruses in the Lung of Stable COPD Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061807. [PMID: 32531971 PMCID: PMC7356645 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the innate immune response to viral infections in stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Objectives: To evaluate the innate immune mediators related to respiratory viruses in the bronchial biopsies and lung parenchyma of stable COPD patients. Methods: We evaluated the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of Toll-like receptors 3-7-8-9 (TLR-3-7-8-9), TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFNβ (TRIF), Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), Phospho interferon regulatory factor 3 (pIRF3), Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), Phospho interferon regulatory factor 7 (pIRF7), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG1), melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX58 (LGP2), Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), DNA-dependent activator of IFN regulatory factors (DAI), forkhead box protein A3(FOXA3), Interferon alfa (IFNα), and Interferon beta (IFNβ) in the bronchial mucosa of patients with mild/moderate (n = 16), severe/very severe (n = 1618) stable COPD, control smokers (CS) (n = 1612), and control non-smokers (CNS) (n = 1612). We performed similar IHC analyses in peripheral lung from COPD (n = 1612) and CS (n = 1612). IFNα and IFNβ were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) supernatant from CNS (n = 168), CS (n = 169) and mild/moderate COPD (n = 1612). Viral load, including adenovirus-B, -C, Bocavirus, Respiratory syncytial Virus (RSV), Human Rhinovirus (HRV), Coronavirus, Influenza virus A (FLU-A), Influenza virus B (FLU-B), and Parainfluenzae-1 were measured in bronchial rings and lung parenchyma of COPD patients and the related control group (CS). Results: Among the viral-related innate immune mediators, RIG1, LGP2, MAVS, STING, and DAI resulted well expressed in the bronchial and lung tissues of COPD patients, although not in a significantly different mode from control groups. Compared to CS, COPD patients showed no significant differences of viral load in bronchial rings and lung parenchyma. Conclusions: Some virus-related molecules are well-expressed in the lung tissue and bronchi of stable COPD patients independently of the disease severity, suggesting a “primed” tissue environment capable of sensing the potential viral infections occurring in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestro E. D’Anna
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Divisione di Pneumologia Telese, Via Bagni Vecchi 1, 82037 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Divisione di Pneumologia Telese, Via Bagni Vecchi 1, 82037 Benevento, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0824-909357
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano (Torino), Università di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Torino, Italy; (V.C.); (F.L.M.R.)
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Via Revislate 13, 28010 Novara, Italy; (I.G.); (B.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (F.N.)
| | - Luisella Righi
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, SCDU, Anatomia Patologica, AOU, San Luigi, Orbassano, Università di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Torino, Italy;
| | - Paola Brun
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sezione di Istologia, Università di Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Via Revislate 13, 28010 Novara, Italy; (I.G.); (B.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse St, London SW3 6LY, UK;
| | - Maria Grazia Stella
- Unità Operativa di Medicina, Ospedale G. Giglio Cefalù, Contrada Pietrapollastra, Via Pisciotto, 90015 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Fabio L.M. Ricciardolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano (Torino), Università di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Torino, Italy; (V.C.); (F.L.M.R.)
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Via Revislate 13, 28010 Novara, Italy; (I.G.); (B.B.); (A.D.S.)
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Brun P, Tarricone E, Di Stefano A, Mattiuzzo E, Mehrbod P, Ghavami S, Leonardi A. The regulatory activity of autophagy in conjunctival fibroblasts and its possible role in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:1210-1213.e9. [PMID: 32272130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Tarricone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, SpA, S B, Pavia, Italy; Istituto di Veruno, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Mattiuzzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrea Leonardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Lo Bello F, Ieni A, Hansbro PM, Ruggeri P, Di Stefano A, Nucera F, Coppolino I, Monaco F, Tuccari G, Adcock IM, Caramori G. Role of the mucins in pathogenesis of COPD: implications for therapy. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:465-483. [PMID: 32133884 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1739525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Evidence accumulated in the last decade has started to reveal the enormous complexity in the expression, interactions and functions of the large number of different mucins present in the different compartments of the human lower airways. This occurs both in normal subjects and in COPD patients in different clinical phases and stages of severity.Areas covered: We review the known physiological mechanisms that regulate mucin production in human lower airways of normal subjects, the changes in mucin synthesis/secretion in COPD patients and the clinical efficacy of drugs that modulate mucin synthesis/secretion.Expert opinion: It is evident that the old simplistic concept that mucus hypersecretion in COPD patients is associated with negative clinical outcomes is not valid and that the therapeutic potential of 'mucolytic drugs' is under-appreciated due to the complexity of the associated molecular network(s). Likewise, our current knowledge of the effects of the drugs already available on the market that target mucin synthesis/secretion/structure in the lower airways is extremely limited and often indirect and more well-controlled clinical trials are needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lo Bello
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale di Chirurgia Toracica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), AOU Policlinico "G.martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
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Folino A, Carriero V, Bullone M, Bertolini F, Di Stefano A, Profita M, Balbi B, Pieper M, Ricciardolo FLM. Muscarinic receptor M3 contributes to vascular and neural growth factor up-regulation in severe asthma. Allergy 2020; 75:717-720. [PMID: 31584702 DOI: 10.1111/all.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Folino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Michela Bullone
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Department of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM) National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Palermo Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Department of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS Italy
| | - Michael Pieper
- Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Boehringer Ingelheim Biberach Germany
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21
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Bullone M, Carriero V, Bertolini F, Folino A, Mannelli A, Di Stefano A, Gnemmi I, Torchio R, Ricciardolo FLM. Elevated serum IgE, oral corticosteroid dependence and IL-17/22 expression in highly neutrophilic asthma. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:1900068. [PMID: 31439682 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00068-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Information on the clinical traits associated with bronchial neutrophilia in asthma is scant, preventing its recognition and adequate treatment. We aimed to assess the clinical, functional and biological features of neutrophilic asthma and identify possible predictors of bronchial neutrophilia.The inflammatory phenotype of 70 mild-to-severe asthma patients was studied cross-sectionally based on the eosinophilic/neutrophilic counts in their bronchial lamina propria. Patients were classified as neutrophilic or non-neutrophilic. Neutrophilic asthma patients (neutrophil count cut-off: 47.17 neutrophils·mm-2; range: 47.17-198.11 neutrophils·mm-2; median: 94.34 neutrophils·mm-2) were further classified as high (≥94.34 neutrophils·mm-2) or intermediate (47.17- <94.34 neutrophils·mm-2). The effect of smoking ≥10 pack-years was also assessed.Neutrophilic asthma patients (n=38; 36 mixed eosinophilic/neutrophilic) had greater disease severity, functional residual capacity, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose and exacerbations, and lower forced vital capacity (FVC) % pred and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) reversibility than non-neutrophilic asthma patients (n=32; 28 eosinophilic and four paucigranulocytic). Neutrophilic asthma patients had similar eosinophil counts, increased bronchial CD8+, interleukin (IL)-17-F+ and IL-22+ cells, and decreased mast cells compared with non-neutrophilic asthma patients. FEV1 and FVC reversibility were independent predictors of bronchial neutrophilia in our cohort. High neutrophilic patients (n=21) had increased serum IgE levels, sensitivity to perennial allergens, exacerbation rate, oral corticosteroid dependence, and CD4+ and IL-17F+ cells in their bronchial mucosa. Excluding smokers revealed increased IL-17A+ and IL-22+ cells in highly neutrophilic patients.We provide new evidence linking the presence of high bronchial neutrophilia in asthma to an adaptive immune response associated with allergy (IgE) and IL-17/22 cytokine expression. High bronchial neutrophilia may discriminate a new endotype of asthma. Further research is warranted on the relationship between bronchoreversibility and bronchial neutrophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bullone
- Dept of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Vitina Carriero
- Dept of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Dept of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Folino
- Dept of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Dept of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Dept of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Roberto Torchio
- Respiratory Function and Sleep Laboratory, San Luigi University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Dept of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi University Hospital, Turin, Italy
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22
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Balbi B, Sangiorgi C, Gnemmi I, Ferrarotti I, Vallese D, Paracchini E, Delle Donne L, Corda L, Baderna P, Corsico A, Carone M, Brun P, Cappello F, Ricciardolo FL, Ruggeri P, Mumby S, Adcock IM, Caramori G, Di Stefano A. Bacterial load and inflammatory response in sputum of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency patients with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:1879-1893. [PMID: 31686800 PMCID: PMC6709647 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s207203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Airway inflammation may drive the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), but the relationship between airway microbiota and inflammation has not been investigated. Methods We studied 21 non-treated AATD (AATD-noT) patients, 20 AATD-COPD patients under augmentation therapy (AATD-AT), 20 cigarette smoke-associated COPD patients, 20 control healthy smokers (CS) and 21 non-smokers (CON) with normal lung function. We quantified sputum inflammatory cells and inflammatory markers (IL-27, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL8, LTB4, MPO) by ELISA, total bacterial load (16S) and pathogenic bacteria by qRT-PCR. Results AATD-AT patients were younger but had similar spirometric and DLCO values compared to cigarette smoke-associated COPD, despite a lower burden of smoking history. Compared to cigarette smoke-associated COPD, AATD-noT and AATD-AT patients had lower sputum neutrophil levels (p=0.0446, p=0.0135), total bacterial load (16S) (p=0.0081, p=0.0223), M. catarrhalis (p=0.0115, p=0.0127) and S. pneumoniae (p=0.0013, p=0.0001). Sputum IL-27 was significantly elevated in CS and cigarette smoke-associated COPD. AATD-AT, but not AATD-noT patients, had IL-27 sputum levels (pg/ml) significantly lower than COPD (p=0.0297) and these positively correlated with FEV1% predicted values (r=0.578, p=0.0307). Conclusions Compared to cigarette smoke-associated COPD, AATD-AT (COPD) patients have a distinct airway inflammatory and microbiological profile. The decreased sputum bacterial load and IL-27 levels in AATD-AT patients suggests that augmentation therapy play a role in these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Balbi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Division of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Veruno, Italy
| | - Claudia Sangiorgi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Division of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Veruno, Italy
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Division of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Veruno, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ferrarotti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Vallese
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Division of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Veruno, Italy
| | - Elena Paracchini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Division of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Veruno, Italy
| | - Lorena Delle Donne
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Division of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Veruno, Italy
| | - Luciano Corda
- Medicina Respiratoria, Seconda Medicina Interna, Spedali Civili , Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Baderna
- Division of Pneumology, Aosta Hospital , Aosta, Italy
| | - Angelo Corsico
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Carone
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Division of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Veruno, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST) , Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Lm Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, A.O.U., San Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- UOC Di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e Delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , UK
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , UK
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- UOC Di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e Delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Division of Pneumology and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Veruno, Italy
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Caramori G, Ruggeri P, Di Stefano A, Mumby S, Girbino G, Adcock IM, Kirkham P. Autoimmunity and COPD. Chest 2018; 153:1424-1431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Di Stefano A, Coccini T, Roda E, Signorini C, Balbi B, Brunetti G, Ceriana P. Blood MCP-1 levels are increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with prevalent emphysema. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:1691-1700. [PMID: 29872287 PMCID: PMC5973466 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s159915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by different phenotypes with either bronchial airways alterations or emphysema prevailing. As blood biomarkers could be clinically useful for COPD stratification, we aimed at investigating the levels of blood biomarkers in COPD patients differentiated by phenotype: prevalent chronic airway disease versus emphysema. Methods In 23 COPD patients with prevalent airway disease (COPD-B), 22 COPD patients with prevalent emphysema (COPD-E), 9 control smokers (CSs), and 18 control nonsmokers (CNSs), we analyzed the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, epidermal growth factor (EGF), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in plasma/serum; glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1 by immunochemical kits in plasma; and free F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) by gas chromatography in plasma. Results F2-IsoPs level was increased in COPD-B and COPD-E compared with CSs and CNSs; in addition, CS showed higher levels than CNSs; SOD1 level was lower in COPD-B and COPD-E than that in CNSs. Interestingly, MCP-1 level was higher only in COPD-E versus CSs and CNSs; EGF and IL-8 levels were higher in COPD-B and COPD-E versus CNSs; IL-6 level was increased in all three smoking groups (COPD-B, COPD-E, and CSs) versus CNS; IFN-γ and IL-1α levels were higher in CSs than in CNSs; and IL-1α level was also higher in CSs versus COPD-B and COPD-E. In all subjects, F2-IsoPs level correlated positively and significantly with MCP-1, IL-2, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α and negatively with SOD1. When correlations were restricted to COPD-E and COPD-B groups, F2-IsoPs maintained the positive associations with IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2. Conclusion We did not find any specific blood biomarkers that could differentiate COPD patients with prevalent airway disease from those with prevalent emphysema. The MCP-1 increase in COPD-E, associated with the imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant markers, may play a role in inducing emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Di Stefano
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Veruno, Italy
| | - Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Signorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Veruno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Brunetti
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pavia, Italy
| | - Piero Ceriana
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pavia, Italy
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Di Stefano A, Sangiorgi C, Gnemmi I, Casolari P, Brun P, Ricciardolo FLM, Contoli M, Papi A, Maniscalco P, Ruggeri P, Girbino G, Cappello F, Pavlides S, Guo Y, Chung KF, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM, Balbi B, Caramori G. TGF-β Signaling Pathways in Different Compartments of the Lower Airways of Patients With Stable COPD. Chest 2017; 153:851-862. [PMID: 29289685 PMCID: PMC5883327 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression and localization of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway proteins in different compartments of the lower airways of patients with stable COPD is unclear. We aimed to determine TGF-β pathway protein expression in patients with stable COPD. METHODS The expression and localization of TGF-β pathway components was measured in the bronchial mucosa and peripheral lungs of patients with stable COPD (n = 44), control smokers with normal lung function (n = 24), and control nonsmoking subjects (n = 11) using immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS TGF-β1, TGF-β3, and connective tissue growth factor expression were significantly decreased in the bronchiolar epithelium, with TGF-β1 also decreased in alveolar macrophages, in patients with stable COPD compared with control smokers with normal lung function. TGF-β3 expression was increased in the bronchial lamina propria of both control smokers with normal lung function and smokers with mild/moderate stable COPD compared with control nonsmokers and correlated significantly with pack-years of smoking. However, TGF-β3+ cells decreased in patients with severe/very severe COPD compared with control smokers. Latent TGF-β binding protein 1 expression was increased in the bronchial lamina propria in subjects with stable COPD of all severities compared with control smokers with normal lung function. Bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor expression (BAMBI) in the bronchial mucosa was significantly increased in patients with stable COPD of all severities compared with control subjects. No other significant differences were observed between groups for all the other molecules studied in the bronchial mucosa and peripheral lung. CONCLUSIONS Expression of TGF-βs and their regulatory proteins is distinct within different lower airway compartments in stable COPD. Selective reduction in TGF-β1 and enhanced BAMBI expression may be associated with the increase in autoimmunity in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy.
| | - Claudia Sangiorgi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - Paolo Casolari
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-Correlate (CEMICEF), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, AOU, Ospedale San Luigi, Orbassano, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Contoli
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-Correlate (CEMICEF), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Papi
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-Correlate (CEMICEF), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pio Maniscalco
- Modulo di Chirurgia Toracica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Girbino
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Università di Palermo, and Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Stelios Pavlides
- Department of Computing and Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, England
| | - Yike Guo
- Department of Computing and Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, England
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, England
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, England
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, England; Priority Research Centre for Lung Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-Correlate (CEMICEF), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
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Sangiorgi C, Vallese D, Gnemmi I, Bucchieri F, Balbi B, Brun P, Leone A, Giordano A, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJ, Cappello F, Di Stefano A. HSP60 activity on human bronchial epithelial cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:333-340. [PMID: 28976240 PMCID: PMC5806805 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017734479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HSP60 has been implicated in chronic inflammatory disease pathogenesis, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the mechanisms by which this chaperonin would act are poorly understood. A number of studies suggest a role for extracellular HSP60, since it can be secreted from cells and bind Toll-like receptors; however, the effects of this stimulation have never been extensively studied. We investigated the effects (pro- or anti-inflammatory) of HSP60 in human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) alone and in comparison with oxidative, inflammatory, or bacterial challenges. 16-HBE cells were cultured for 1–4 h in the absence or presence of HSP60, H2O2, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or cytomix. The cell response was evaluated by measuring the expression of IL-8 and IL-10, respectively, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines involved in COPD pathogenesis, as well as of pertinent TLR-4 pathway mediators. Stimulation with HSP60 up-regulated IL-8 at mRNA and protein levels and down-regulated IL-10 mRNA and protein. Likewise, CREB1 mRNA was up-regulated. H2O2 and LPS up-regulated IL-8. Experiments with an inhibitor for p38 showed that this mitogen-activated protein kinase could be involved in the HSP60-mediated pro-inflammatory effects. HSP60 showed pro-inflammatory properties in bronchial epithelial cells mediated by activation of TLR-4-related molecules. The results should prompt further studies on more complex ex-vivo or in-vivo models with the aim to elucidate further the role of those molecules in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sangiorgi
- 1 Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Davide Vallese
- 1 Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- 1 Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- 2 Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,3 Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- 1 Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- 4 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Leone
- 2 Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,3 Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Giordano
- 1 Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland - Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.,6 Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alberto Jl Macario
- 3 Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland - Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.,6 Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Cappello
- 2 Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,3 Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- 1 Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
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Di Stefano A, Ricciardolo FL, Caramori G, Adcock IM, Chung KF, Barnes PJ, Brun P, Leonardi A, Andò F, Vallese D, Gnemmi I, Righi L, Cappello F, Balbi B. Bronchial inflammation and bacterial load in stable COPD is associated with TLR4 overexpression. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/5/1602006. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02006-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are two major forms of innate immune sensors but their role in the immunopathology of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is incompletely studied. Our objective here was to investigate TLR and NLR signalling pathways in the bronchial mucosa in stable COPD.Using immunohistochemistry, the expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, NOD1, NOD2, CD14, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), and the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases phospho-IRAK1 and IRAK4 were measured in the bronchial mucosa of subjects with stable COPD of different severity (n=34), control smokers (n=12) and nonsmokers (n=12). The bronchial bacterial load of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae was measured by quantitative real-time PCR.TLR4 and NOD1 expression was increased in the bronchial mucosa of patients with severe/very severe stable COPD compared with control subjects. TLR4 bronchial epithelial expression correlated positively with CD4+ and CD8+ cells and airflow obstruction. NOD1 expression correlated with CD8+ cells. The bronchial load of P. aeruginosa was directly correlated, but H. influenzae inversely correlated, with the degree of airflow obstruction. Bacterial load did not correlate with inflammatory cells.Bronchial epithelial overexpression of TLR4 and NOD1 in severe/very severe stable COPD, associated with increased bronchial inflammation and P. aeruginosa bacterial load, may play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Ricciardolo FLM, Sorbello V, Folino A, Gallo F, Massaglia GM, Favatà G, Conticello S, Vallese D, Gani F, Malerba M, Folkerts G, Rolla G, Profita M, Mauad T, Di Stefano A, Ciprandi G. Identification of IL-17F/frequent exacerbator endotype in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 140:395-406. [PMID: 27931975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe asthma might be associated with overexpression of Th17 cytokines, which induce neutrophil recruitment via neutrophil-mobilizing cytokines in airways. OBJECTIVE To study IL-17-related cytokines in nasal/bronchial biopsies from controls and mild asthmatics (MAs) to severe asthmatics (SAs) in relation to exacerbation rate. METHODS Inflammatory cells and IL-17A+, IL-17F+, IL-21+, IL-22+, and IL-23+ cells were examined by immunohistochemistry in cryostat sections of bronchial/nasal biopsies obtained from 33 SAs (21 frequent exacerbators [FEs]), 31 MAs (3 FEs), and 14 controls. IL-17F protein was also measured by ELISA in bronchial/nasal lysates and by immunohistochemistry in bronchial tissue obtained from subjects who died because of fatal asthma. Immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy was used for IL-17F colocalization. RESULTS Higher number (P < .05) of neutrophils, IL-17A+, IL-17F+, and IL-21+ cells in bronchial biopsies and higher numbers (P < .01) of IL-17F+ and IL-21+ cells in nasal biopsies were observed in SAs compared with MAs. Bronchial IL-17F+ cells correlated with bronchial neutrophils (r = 0.54), exacerbation rate (r = 0.41), and FEV1 (r = -0.46). Nasal IL-17F+ cells correlated with bronchial IL-17F (r = 0.35), exacerbation rate (r = 0.47), and FEV1 (r = -0.61). FEs showed increased number of bronchial neutrophils/eosinophils/CD4+/CD8+ cells and bronchial/nasal IL-17F+ cells. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis evidenced predictive cutoff values of bronchial neutrophils and nasal/bronchial IL-17F for discriminating between asthmatics and controls, between MAs and SAs and between FEs and non-FEs. IL-17F protein increased in bronchial/nasal lysates of SAs and FEs and in bronchial tissue of fatal asthma. IL-17F colocalized in CD4+/CD8+ cells. CONCLUSIONS IL-17-related cytokines expression was amplified in bronchial/nasal mucosa of neutrophilic asthma prone to exacerbation, suggesting a pathogenic role of IL-17F in FEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Valentina Sorbello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Anna Folino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Gallo
- Health Science Department, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Favatà
- Division of Ear, Nose, and Throat, AOU San Luigi Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Davide Vallese
- Pulmonary Division, Fondazione S. Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Gani
- Division of Respiratory Disease, AOU San Luigi Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Malerba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Rolla
- Allergologia ed Immunologia Clinica, Ospedale Ordine Mauriziano "Umberto I," University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Italian National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, Sao Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Pulmonary Division, Fondazione S. Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Novara, Italy
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Sonmez E, Cacciatore I, Bakan F, Turkez H, Mohtar YI, Togar B, Stefano AD. Toxicity assessment of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in rat liver cell model in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1073-83. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115619770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs) are widely used for preparations of biomedical and biotechnological fields such as drug delivery, gene therapy, and molecular imaging. However, the current toxicological knowledge about HAP NPs is relatively limited. The present study was designed to investigate the toxicity potentials of various concentrations (0–1000 µg cm−2) of HAP NPs in cultured primary rat hepatocytes. Cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were determined to evaluate the oxidative injury. The DNA damage was also analyzed via scoring liver micronuclei rates and determining 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that the higher concentrations of dispersed HAP NPs (300, 500, and 1000 µg cm−2) decreased cell viability. Also, HAP NPs increased TOS (500 and 1000 µg cm−2) levels and decreased TAC (300, 500, and 1000 µg cm−2) levels in cultured hepatocytes. On the basis of increasing doses, the NPs as depending on dose caused significant increases of the number of micronucleated hepatocytes and 8-OH-dG levels as compared to control culture. Furthermore, the highest concentration of HAP NPs (1000 µg cm−2) exhibited cytotoxic activity. Based on these results, HAP NPs have a dose-dependent toxic effect in rat hepatocytes. Further extensive research in this field is promising and reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sonmez
- Department of Physics, Faculty of K. K. Education, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - I Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - F Bakan
- SUNUM, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Turkez
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - YI Mohtar
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - B Togar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - AD Stefano
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Abstract
The immunopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is based on the innate and adaptive inflammatory immune responses to the chronic inhalation of cigarette smoking. In the last quarter of the century, the analysis of specimens obtained from the lower airways of COPD patients compared with those from a control group of age-matched smokers with normal lung function has provided novel insights on the potential pathogenetic role of the different cells of the innate and acquired immune responses and their pro/anti-inflammatory mediators and intracellular signalling pathways, contributing to a better knowledge of the immunopathology of COPD both during its stable phase and during its exacerbations. This also has provided a scientific rationale for new drugs discovery and targeting to the lower airways. This review summarises and discusses the immunopathology of COPD patients, of different severity, compared with control smokers with normal lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Caramori
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF; formerly named Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Paolo Casolari
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF; formerly named Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Adam Barczyk
- Katedra i Klinika Pneumonologii, Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrew L Durham
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Veruno, NO, Italy
| | - Ian Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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D’Anna SE, Balbi B, Cappello F, Carone M, Di Stefano A. Bacterial-viral load and the immune response in stable and exacerbated COPD: significance and therapeutic prospects. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:445-53. [PMID: 27042037 PMCID: PMC4780195 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s93398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung. Bacteria and viruses are a major cause of COPD exacerbations and may contribute to COPD progression by perpetuating the inflammatory response in the airways. Bacterial variety diminishes with increasing COPD severity. Respiratory viruses can colonize the lower respiratory tract in stable COPD, altering the respiratory microbiome and facilitating secondary bacterial infections. In this review, we present the most updated information about the role of bacteria and viruses in stable and exacerbated COPD. In our opinion, to optimize therapeutic strategies, the dynamic events involving bacterial-viral infections and related immune response in COPD phenotypes need to be better clarified. Our paper would address these points that we consider of great importance for the clinical management of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestro Ennio D’Anna
- Department of Rehabilitation, Cardiorespiratory Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio di Cefalù, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Pneumology Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of Heart and Lung, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno (NO) and Cassano delle Murge (BA), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Carone
- Pneumology Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of Heart and Lung, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno (NO) and Cassano delle Murge (BA), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Pneumology Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of Heart and Lung, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno (NO) and Cassano delle Murge (BA), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Cappello F, Macario AJL, Di Stefano A. Hsp27 and Hsp70 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: certainties vs doubts. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:721-3. [PMID: 26194322 PMCID: PMC4529859 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy,
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Corrao S, Anzalone R, Lo Iacono M, Corsello T, Di Stefano A, D'Anna SE, Balbi B, Carone M, Sala A, Corona D, Timperio AM, Zolla L, Farina F, de Macario EC, Macario AJL, Cappello F, La Rocca G. Hsp10 nuclear localization and changes in lung cells response to cigarette smoke suggest novel roles for this chaperonin. Open Biol 2015; 4:rsob.140125. [PMID: 25355063 PMCID: PMC4221893 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein (Hsp)10 is the co-chaperone for Hsp60 inside mitochondria, but it also resides outside the organelle. Variations in its levels and intracellular distribution have been documented in pathological conditions, e.g. cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we show that Hsp10 in COPD undergoes changes at the molecular and subcellular levels in bronchial cells from human specimens and derived cell lines, intact or subjected to stress induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Noteworthy findings are: (i) Hsp10 occurred in nuclei of epithelial and lamina propria cells of bronchial mucosa from non-smokers and smokers; (ii) human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) and lung fibroblast (HFL-1) cells, in vitro, showed Hsp10 in the nucleus, before and after CSE exposure; (iii) CSE stimulation did not increase the levels of Hsp10 but did elicit qualitative changes as indicated by molecular weight and isoelectric point shifts; and (iv) Hsp10 nuclear levels increased after CSE stimulation in HFL-1, indicating cytosol to nucleus migration, and although Hsp10 did not bind DNA, it bound a DNA-associated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Corrao
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Anzalone
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melania Lo Iacono
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Corsello
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'apparato cardio-respiratorio, Fondazione 'S. Maugeri' IRCCS, Istituto di Veruno, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | | | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Fondazione 'S. Maugeri' IRCCS, Istituto di Veruno, Veruno (NO), Italy
| | - Mauro Carone
- Fondazione 'S. Maugeri' IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Cassano delle Murge, Cassano delle Murge (BA), Italy
| | - Anna Sala
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Istituto Telethon Dulbecco c/o Universita' degli Studi di Palermo, Sezione di Biologia Cellulare, Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Corona
- Dipartimento STEBICEF, Istituto Telethon Dulbecco c/o Universita' degli Studi di Palermo, Sezione di Biologia Cellulare, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Biology and Ecology "La Tuscia" University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Felicia Farina
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA IMET, Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA IMET, Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Di Stefano A, Ricciardolo FLM. Occupational asthma contribution in phenotyping adult asthma by using age-of-asthma onset clustering. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 9:387-8. [PMID: 26041562 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.1054811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy
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Vallese D, Ricciardolo FLM, Gnemmi I, Casolari P, Brun P, Sorbello V, Capelli A, Cappello F, Cavallesco GN, Papi A, Chung KF, Balbi B, Adcock IM, Caramori G, Di Stefano A. Phospho-p38 MAPK expression in COPD patients and asthmatics and in challenged bronchial epithelium. Respiration 2015; 89:329-42. [PMID: 25791156 DOI: 10.1159/000375168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in regulating the inflammatory response in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthmatic patients is unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression of activated MAPK in lungs of COPD patients and in bronchial biopsies of asthmatic patients and to study MAPK expression in bronchial epithelial cells in response to oxidative and inflammatory stimuli. METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of phospho (p)-p38 MAPK, p-JNK1 and p-ERK1/2 was measured in bronchial mucosa in patients with mild/moderate (n = 17), severe/very severe (n = 16) stable COPD, control smokers (n = 16), control non-smokers (n = 9), in mild asthma (n = 9) and in peripheral airways from COPD patients (n = 15) and control smokers (n = 15). Interleukin (IL)-8 and MAPK mRNA was measured in stimulated 16HBE cells. RESULTS No significant differences in p-p38 MAPK, p-JNK or p-ERK1/2 expression were seen in bronchial biopsies and peripheral airways between COPD and control subjects. Asthmatics showed increased submucosal p-p38 MAPK expression compared to COPD patients (p < 0.003) and control non-smokers (p < 0.05). Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), cytomix (tumour necrosis factor-α + IL-1β + interferon-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulated IL-8 mRNA at 1 or 2 h. p38 MAPKα mRNA was significantly increased after H₂O₂ and LPS treatment. JNK1 and ERK1 mRNA were unchanged after H₂O₂, cytomix or LPS treatments. CONCLUSION p-p38 MAPK expression is similar in stable COPD and control subjects but increased in the bronchi of mild asthmatics compared to stable COPD patients. p38 MAPK mRNA is increased after bronchial epithelial challenges in vitro. These data together suggest a potential role for this MAPK in Th2 inflammation and possibly during COPD exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Vallese
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardiorespiratorio, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
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Abstract
Inflammation is a central feature of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and involves both activation of structural cells of the airways and the lungs and the activation and/or recruitment of infiltrating inflammatory cells. This results in enhanced expression of many pro-inflammatory proteins and reduced expression of some anti-inflammatory mediators. An altered protein expression is generally associated with concomitant changes in gene expression profiles in a cell-specific manner. Increased understanding of the role of transcription factors and of the signaling pathways leading to their activation in stable COPD will provide new targets to enable the development of potential anti-inflammatory drugs. Several new compounds targeting these pathways and/or transcription factors are now in development for the treatment of stable COPD. Furthermore, glucocorticoids drugs already in clinical use act through their own transcription factor, the glucocorticoid receptor, to control the expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Caramori
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Abstract
In this experimental design, we explored the neuroprotective potential of zingiberene (ZGB), a monocyclic sesquiterpene, in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced toxicity in newborn rat cerebral cortex cell cultures for the first time. The rats were exposed to H2O2 for 6 h to determine the oxidative stress levels. To evaluate cell viability, both 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays were carried out. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) parameters were used to evaluate oxidative changes. Besides determining 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels in vitro, single-cell gel electrophoresis was also performed to measure the resistance of neuronal DNA to H2O2- exposed rats. Our results showed that survival and TAC levels of the cells decreased, while TOS, 8-OH-dG levels and the mean values of the total scores of cells showing DNA damage increased in the H2O2 alone-treated cultures. But pretreatment of ZGB suppressed the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress that were increased by H2O2. Based on these observations, it is suggested that the sesquiterpene ZGB can be used as a novel and natural potential therapeutic in counteracting oxidative damages in the field of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Togar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - H Türkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - A D Stefano
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - D Cetin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Abstract
Cytokines play an important part in many pathobiological processes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including the chronic inflammatory process, emphysema, and altered innate immune response. Proinflammatory cytokines of potential importance include tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, IL-32, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and growth factors such as transforming growth factor-β. The current objectives of COPD treatment are to reduce symptoms, and to prevent and reduce the number of exacerbations. While current treatments achieve these goals to a certain extent, preventing the decline in lung function is not currently achievable. In addition, reversal of corticosteroid insensitivity and control of the fibrotic process while reducing the emphysematous process could also be controlled by specific cytokines. The abnormal pathobiological process of COPD may contribute to these fundamental characteristics of COPD, and therefore targeting cytokines involved may be a fruitful endeavor. Although there has been much work that has implicated various cytokines as potentially playing an important role in COPD, there have been very few studies that have examined the effect of specific cytokine blockade in COPD. The two largest studies that have been reported in the literature involve the use of blocking antibody to TNFα and CXCL8 (IL-8), and neither has provided benefit. Blocking the actions of CXCL8 through its CXCR2 receptor blockade was not successful either. Studies of antibodies against IL-17, IL-18, IL-1β, and TSLP are currently either being undertaken or planned. There is a need to carefully phenotype COPD and discover good biomarkers of drug efficacy for each specific target. Specific groups of COPD patients should be targeted with specific anticytokine therapy if there is evidence of high expression of that cytokine and there are features of the clinical expression of COPD that will respond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Caramori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF; formerly Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Diseases Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
- Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio-Respiratorio, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Diseases Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
- Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
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Eleuteri E, Di Stefano A, Vallese D, Gnemmi I, Pitruzzella A, Tarro Genta F, Delle Donne L, Cappello F, Ricciardolo FLM, Giannuzzi P. Fibrosis markers and CRIM1 increase in chronic heart failure of increasing severity. Biomarkers 2014; 19:214-21. [PMID: 24617547 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.896946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis suppressors/activators in chronic heart failure (CHF) is a topic of investigation. AIM To quantify serum levels of fibrosis regulators in CHF. METHODS ELISA tests were used to quantify fibrosis regulators, procollagen type-(PIP)I, (PIP)III, collagen-I, III, BMP1,2,3,7, SDF1α, CXCR4, fibulin 1,2,3, BMPER, CRIM1 and BAMBI in 66 CHF (NYHA class I, n = 9; II, n = 34; III n = 23), and in 14 controls. RESULTS In CHF, TGFβR2, PIPIII, SDF1α and CRIM1 were increased. PIPIII correlated with CRIM1. CONCLUSIONS The BMPs inhibitor CRIM1 is increased and correlates with higher levels of serum PIPIII showing an imbalance in favor of pro-fibrotic mechanisms in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Eleuteri
- Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia Apparato Cardio-Respiratorio, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri , IRCCS, Veruno, NO , Italy
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Di Stefano A, Caramori G, Barczyk A, Vicari C, Brun P, Zanini A, Cappello F, Garofano E, Padovani A, Contoli M, Casolari P, Durham AL, Chung KF, Barnes PJ, Papi A, Adcock I, Balbi B. Innate immunity but not NLRP3 inflammasome activation correlates with severity of stable COPD. Thorax 2014; 69:516-24. [PMID: 24430176 PMCID: PMC4219154 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-203062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background In models of COPD, environmental stressors induce innate immune responses, inflammasome activation and inflammation. However, the interaction between these responses and their role in driving pulmonary inflammation in stable COPD is unknown. Objectives To investigate the activation of innate immunity and inflammasome pathways in the bronchial mucosa and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with stable COPD of different severity and control healthy smokers and non-smokers. Methods Innate immune mediators (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-27, IL-37, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interferon γ and their receptors, STAT1 and pSTAT1) and inflammasome components (NLRP3, NALP7, caspase 1, IL-1β and its receptors, IL-18, IL-33, ST2) were measured in the bronchial mucosa using immunohistochemistry. IL-6, soluble IL-6R, sgp130, IL-7, IL-27, HMGB1, IL-33, IL-37 and soluble ST2 were measured in BAL using ELISA. Results In bronchial biopsies IL-27+ and pSTAT1+ cells are increased in patients with severe COPD compared with control healthy smokers. IL-7+ cells are increased in patients with COPD and control smokers compared with control non-smokers. In severe stable COPD IL-7R+, IL-27R+ and TSLPR+ cells are increased in comparison with both control groups. The NALP3 inflammasome is not activated in patients with stable COPD compared with control subjects. The inflammasome inhibitory molecules NALP7 and IL-37 are increased in patients with COPD compared with control smokers. IL-6 levels are increased in BAL from patients with stable COPD compared with control smokers with normal lung function whereas IL-1β and IL-18 were similar across all groups. Conclusions Increased expression of IL-27, IL-37 and NALP7 in the bronchial mucosa may be involved in progression of stable COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno (NO) e Tradate, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF; formerly Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria (formerly Sezione di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio), Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Adam Barczyk
- Katedra i Klinika Pneumonologii Slaskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach, Slaskiego, Poland
| | - Chiara Vicari
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno (NO) e Tradate, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Histology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Zanini
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno (NO) e Tradate, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia, Palermo, Italy Istituto Paolo Sotgiu, Libera Università degli Studi di Scienze Umane e Tecnologiche, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elvira Garofano
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF; formerly Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria (formerly Sezione di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio), Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Padovani
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF; formerly Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria (formerly Sezione di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio), Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Contoli
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF; formerly Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria (formerly Sezione di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio), Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Casolari
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF; formerly Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria (formerly Sezione di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio), Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrew L Durham
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alberto Papi
- Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF; formerly Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria (formerly Sezione di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio), Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ian Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno (NO) e Tradate, Pavia, Italy
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Eleuteri E, Mezzani A, Di Stefano A, Vallese D, Gnemmi I, Delle Donne L, Taddeo A, Della Bella S, Giannuzzi P. Aerobic training and angiogenesis activation in patients with stable chronic heart failure: a preliminary report. Biomarkers 2013; 18:418-24. [PMID: 23805979 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2013.805342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of chronic heart failure (CHF) involves multiple hystologic and molecular alterations. To determine the effects of physical training on circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), angiogenesis (angiogenin, angiopoietin-1 and -2, VEGF, Tie-2, SDF-1α) and inflammation (IL-6, CRP), we compared data obtained from 11 CHF pts before and after 3 months aerobic exercise training, to those from 10 non trained CHF pts (CHF-C group, age 64 + 2 years, NYHA 2). At the end of the study, EPCs count and AP-2 serum levels significantly increased in the CHF-TR group. These preliminary data suggest a significant effect of even a short program of physical training on angiogenic activation and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Eleuteri
- Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, NO, Italy.
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Ricciardolo FLM, Sabatini F, Sorbello V, Benedetto S, Defilippi I, Petecchia L, Usai C, Gnemmi I, Balbi B, De Rose V, Ten Hacken NHT, Postma DS, Timens W, Di Stefano A. Expression of vascular remodelling markers in relation to bradykinin receptors in asthma and COPD. Thorax 2013; 68:803-11. [PMID: 23739138 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular remodelling plays a central role in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bradykinin (BK) is a vasoactive proinflammatory peptide mediating acute responses in asthma. We investigated the role of angiogenic factors in relation to BK receptors in asthma and COPD. METHODS Bronchial biopsies from 33 patients with COPD, 24 old (≥50 years) patients with (≥50 years) asthma, 18 old control smokers, 11 old control non-smokers, 15 young (≤40yrs) patients with (≤40 years) asthma and 10 young control non-smokers were immunostained for CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), angiogenin and BK receptors (B2R and B1R). Fibroblast and endothelial co-localisation of relevant molecules were performed by immunofluorescence. BK-induced VEGF-A and angiogenin release was studied (ELISA) in bronchial fibroblasts from subjects with asthma and COPD. RESULTS In bronchial lamina propria of old patients with asthma, CD31 and VEGF-A(+) cell numbers were higher than old control non-smokers (p<0.05). Angiogenin(+), B2R(+) and B1R(+) cell numbers in old patients with asthma were higher than in old control non-smokers, control smokers and patients with COPD (p<0.01). Angiogenin(+) cell numbers were higher in patients with COPD than both old control groups (p<0.05). In all patients with asthma the number of B2R(+) cells was positively related to the numbers of B1R(+) (rs=0.43), angiogenin(+) (rs=0.42) and CD31 cells (rs=0.46) (p<0.01). Angiogenin(+) cell numbers were negatively related to forced expiratory volume in 1 s (rs=-0.415, p=0.008). Double immunofluorescence revealed that CD31 cells of capillary vessels coexpressed B2R and that fibroblasts coexpressed B2R, VEGF-A and angiogenin. BK (10(-6)M) induced significant angiogenin release in fibroblasts from asthma and to a lesser extent in COPD. CONCLUSIONS Unlike COPD, this study suggests the involvement of BK receptors in bronchial vascular remodelling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, A.O.U. San Luigi Hospital, University of Torino, Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
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Anzalone R, Corrao S, Lo Iacono M, Loria T, Corsello T, Cappello F, Di Stefano A, Giannuzzi P, Zummo G, Farina F, La Rocca G. Isolation and characterization of CD276+/HLA-E+ human subendocardial mesenchymal stem cells from chronic heart failure patients: analysis of differentiative potential and immunomodulatory markers expression. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1-17. [PMID: 23013234 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are virtually present in all postnatal organs as well as in perinatal tissues. MSCs can be differentiated toward several mature cytotypes and interestingly hold potentially relevant immunomodulatory features. Myocardial infarction results in severe tissue damage, cardiomyocyte loss, and eventually heart failure. Cellular cardiomyoplasty represents a promising approach for myocardial repair. Clinical trials using MSCs are underway for a number of heart diseases, even if their outcomes are hampered by low long-term improvements and the possible presence of complications related to cellular therapy administration. Therefore, elucidating the presence and role of MSCs that reside in the post-infarct human heart should provide essential alternatives for therapy. In the current article we show a novel method to reproducibly isolate and culture MSCs from the subendocardial zone of human left ventricle from patients undergoing heart transplant for post-infarct chronic heart failure (HSE-MSCs, human subendocardial mesenchymal stem cells). By using both immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we demonstrated that these cells do express key MSCs markers and do express heart-specific transcription factors in their undifferentiated state, while lacking strictly cardiomyocyte-specific proteins. Moreover, these cells do express immunomodulatory molecules that should disclose their further potential in immune modulation processes in the post-infarct microenvironment. Another novel datum of potentially relevant interest is the expression of cardiac myosin heavy chain at nucclear level in HSE-MSCs. Standard MSCs trilineage differentiation experiments were also performed. The present paper adds new data on the basic biological features of heart-resident MSCs that populate the organ following myocardial infarction. The use of heart-derived MSCs to promote in-organ repair or as a cellular source for cardiomyoplasty is a fascinating and challenging task, which deserves further research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Anzalone
- Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BIONEC), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Balbi B, Vallese D, Pitruzzella A, Vicari C, Di Stefano A. Immunology and defence mechanisms. Respir Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1183/9781849840415.001312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cappello F, Caramori G, Campanella C, Vicari C, Gnemmi I, Zanini A, Spanevello A, Capelli A, La Rocca G, Anzalone R, Bucchieri F, D'Anna SE, Ricciardolo FLM, Brun P, Balbi B, Carone M, Zummo G, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Di Stefano A. Convergent sets of data from in vivo and in vitro methods point to an active role of Hsp60 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28200. [PMID: 22140545 PMCID: PMC3225395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is increasingly clear that some heat shock proteins (Hsps) play a role in inflammation. Here, we report results showing participation of Hsp60 in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), as indicated by data from both in vivo and in vitro analyses. Methods and Results Bronchial biopsies from patients with stable COPD, smoker controls with normal lung function, and non-smoker controls were studied. We quantified by immunohistochemistry levels of Hsp10, Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90, and HSF-1, along with levels of inflammatory markers. Hsp10, Hsp40, and Hsp60 were increased during progression of disease. We found also a positive correlation between the number of neutrophils and Hsp60 levels. Double-immunostaining showed that Hsp60-positive neutrophils were significantly increased in COPD patients. We then investigated in vitro the effect on Hsp60 expression in bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) caused by oxidative stress, a hallmark of COPD mucosa, which we induced with H2O2. This stressor determined increased levels of Hsp60 through a gene up-regulation mechanism involving NFkB-p65. Release of Hsp60 in the extracellular medium by the bronchial epithelial cells was also increased after H2O2 treatment in the absence of cell death. Conclusions This is the first report clearly pointing to participation of Hsps, particularly Hsp60, in COPD pathogenesis. Hsp60 induction by NFkB-p65 and its release by epithelial cells after oxidative stress can have a role in maintaining inflammation, e.g., by stimulating neutrophils activity. The data open new scenarios that might help in designing efficacious anti-inflammatory therapies centered on Hsp60 and applicable to COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Anzalone R, Lo Iacono M, Loria T, Di Stefano A, Giannuzzi P, Farina F, La Rocca G. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells as candidates for beta cells regeneration: extending the differentiative and immunomodulatory benefits of adult mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:342-63. [PMID: 20972649 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are uniquely capable of crossing germinative layers borders (i.e. are able to differentiate towards ectoderm-, mesoderm- and endoderm-derived cytotypes) and are viewed as promising cells for regenerative medicine approaches in several diseases. Type I diabetes therapy should potentially benefit from such differentiated cells: the search for alternatives to organ/islet transplantation strategies via stem cells differentiation is an ongoing task, significant goals having been achieved in most experimental settings (e.g. insulin production and euglycaemia restoration), though caution is still needed to ensure safe and durable effects in vivo. MSC are obtainable in high numbers via ex vivo culture and can be differentiated towards insulin-producing cells (IPC). Moreover, recent reports evidenced that MSC possess immunomodulatory activities (acting on both innate and acquired immunity effectors) which should result in a reduction of the immunogenicity of transplanted cells, thus limiting rejection. Moreover it has been proposed that MSC administration should be used to attenuate the autoimmune processes which lead to the destruction of beta cells. This review illustrates the recent advances made in differentiating human MSC to IPC. In particular, we compare the effectiveness of the differentiation protocols applied, the markers and functional assays used to characterize differentiated progeny, and the in vivo controls. We further speculate on how MSC derived from Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord may represent a more promising regenerative medicine tool, as recently demonstrated for endoderm-derived organs (as liver) in human subjects, also considering their peculiar immunomodulatory features compared to other MSC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Anzalone
- Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, Palermo, PA 90127, Italy
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D'Anna SE, Asnaghi R, Caramori G, Appendini L, Rizzo M, Cavallaro C, Marino G, Cappello F, Balbi B, Di Stefano A. High-resolution computed tomography quantitation of emphysema is correlated with selected lung function values in stable COPD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 83:383-90. [PMID: 21832824 DOI: 10.1159/000329871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature shows conflicting results when high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scores of emphysema were correlated with different indices of airflow obstruction. OBJECTIVES We correlated HRCT scores of emphysema with different indices of airflow obstruction. METHODS We performed HRCT of the chest in 59 patients, all smokers or ex-smokers, with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of different severity [GOLD stages I-IV; mean age ± SD 67.8 ± 7.3 years; pack/years 51.0 ± 34.6; percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)% predicted) 52.3 ± 17.6; post-bronchodilator FEV(1)% predicted 56.5 ± 19.1; FEV(1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio 50.8 ± 10.2; post-bronchodilator FEV(1)/FVC ratio 51.6 ± 11.0; percent diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO%) 59.2 ± 21.1; DLCO/percent alveolar volume (VA%) 54.5 ± 18.2; percent residual volume 163.0 ± 35.6; percent total lung capacity (TLC%) 113.2 ± 15; residual volume/TLC 1.44 ± 0.2]. All patients were in stable phase. RESULTS The mean ± SD visual emphysema score in all patients was 25.6 ± 25.4%. There was a weak but significant correlation between the percentage of pulmonary emphysema and numbers of pack/years (R = +0.31, p = 0.024). The percentage of emphysema was inversely correlated with the FEV(1)/FVC ratio before and after bronchodilator use (R = -0.44, p = 0.002, and R = -0.39, p = 0.005), DLCO% (R = -0.64, p = 0.0003) and DLCO/VA% (R = -0.68, p < 0.0001). A weak positive correlation was also found with TLC% (R = +0.28, p = 0.048). When patients with documented emphysema were considered separately, the best significant correlation observed was between DLCO/VA% and HRCT scan score (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of varying severity, the presence of pulmonary emphysema is best represented by the impaired gas exchange capability of the respiratory system.
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Eleuteri E, Di Stefano A, Tarro Genta F, Vicari C, Gnemmi I, Colombo M, Mezzani A, Giannuzzi P. Stepwise increase of angiopoietin-2 serum levels is related to haemodynamic and functional impairment in stable chronic heart failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:607-14. [PMID: 21450636 DOI: 10.1177/1741826710389410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A reciprocal link between inflammation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and endothelial dysfunction has been postulated in chronic heart failure (CHF). The endothelial repair mechanisms involved remain to be determined. Our aim was to investigate whether there are detectable signs of ongoing angiogenesis in serum of CHF patients and to evaluate the correlation with indexes of haemodynamic and functional impairment. METHODS AND RESULTS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests were used to quantify angiogenin, angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, Tie-2, and brain natriuretic peptide in serum of 87 patients with CHF of increasing severity according to New York Heart Association (NYHA; class I, n = 8; II, n = 45; and III, n = 34) and in 14 healthy subjects matched for age and sex. Angiogenin, angiopoietin-2, and Tie-2 were significantly increased in CHF of increasing severity (Kruskal-Wallis: p = 0.0004, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.017, respectively). Angiopoietin-2 was inversely correlated with the 6-min walking test (r = -0.65, p < 0.0001), peak oxygen consumption (VO(2max); r = -0.57, p = 0.0002), and deceleration time (r = -0.61, p < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed that angiopoietin-2 was mainly associated with VO(2max) (p = 0.018). The angiopoietin-2 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CHF diagnosis was 0.94 (95% CI 0.88-0.99; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that angiopoietin-2 and selected serum markers of angiogenesis progressively increase with haemodynamic and functional decline in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Eleuteri
- Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno (NO), Italy
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Anzalone R, La Rocca G, Di Stefano A, Magno F, Corrao S, Carbone M, Loria T, Lo Iacono M, Eleuteri E, Colombo M, Cappello F, Farina F, Zummo G, Giannuzzi P. Role of endothelial cell stress in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2009; 14:2238-47. [PMID: 19273198 DOI: 10.2741/3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are key modulators of diverse physiological processes, and their impaired function is a cause of numerous cardiovascular diseases. Under physiologic condition, the reactive oxygen and nitrogen mediators in endothelia lead to the signal propagation of the initial stimulus, by forming molecules with a longer half-life like hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is the focus of growing attention in endothelial biology, and consequently the enzymes involved in its generation and clearance are viewed as novel mediators of great importance. In particular, among peroxidases, myeloperoxidase is recognized as a key enzyme, capable of impairing intracellular NO reservoirs as well as producing oxidized amino acids such as 3-chlorotyrosine or 3-nitrotyrosine. This process switches the functional pathways from normal signalling to a condition characterized by oxidative and/or nitrosative stress. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in these stress responses in endothelium will lead to better therapeutic strategies for oxidative stress-driven cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Anzalone
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Eleuteri E, Magno F, Gnemmi I, Carbone M, Colombo M, La Rocca G, Anzalone R, Tarro Genta F, Zummo G, Di Stefano A, Giannuzzi P. Role of oxidative and nitrosative stress biomarkers in chronic heart failure. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2009; 14:2230-7. [PMID: 19273197 DOI: 10.2741/3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we present recent insights on chronic heart failure (CHF) and the potential role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukins, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and nitrosative stress in the progression of this disease process. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a consequence of aerobic metabolism. Under physiologic conditions, their unfavourable effect in causing oxidative damage is counteracted by antioxidants. An imbalance in favour of oxidants leads to oxidative stress, and contributes to myocyte apoptosis, direct negative inotropic effects, and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Together, these effects lead to impaired vasodilatation of the coronary, pulmonary and peripheral vascular beds. In patients with moderate to severe forms of CHF, TNF-alpha leads to the formation of nitrotyrosine and consumption of nitric oxide by virtue of activation of myeloperoxidase. Further studies are required to better elucidate the complex interaction of oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory activation in CHF. Such insights would likely lead to development of better strategies for the assessment of the disease severity by monitoring of new bio-humoral indices and better treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Eleuteri
- Cardiology Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Via per Revislate 13, Veruno (NO), Italy.
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