1
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Hernandez-Lopez P, Vijaykumar T, Anand P, Auclair D, Frede J, Knoechel B, Lohr JG. Dual role of signaling pathways in myeloma requires cell-type specific targeting of ligand-receptor interactions. Blood Adv 2024:bloodadvances.2023011463. [PMID: 38603572 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although most patients with multiple myeloma respond to treatment initially, therapy resistance develops almost invariably and only a subset of patients show durable responses to immunomodulatory (IMiD) therapies. While the immune microenvironment has been extensively studied in myeloma patients, its composition is currently not used as prognostic markers in clinical routine. We hypothesized that the outcome of immune signaling pathway engagement can be highly variable, depending on which two cellular populations participate in this interaction. This would have important prognostic and therapeutic implications, suggesting that it is crucial for immune pathways to be targeted in a specific cellular context. To test this hypothesis, we investigated a cohort of 27 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. We examined the complex regulatory networks within the immune compartment and their impact on disease progression. Analysis of immune cell composition and expression profiles revealed significant differences in the B cell compartment associated with treatment response. Transcriptional states in patients with short time to progression demonstrated an enrichment of pathways promoting B cell differentiation and inflammatory responses, which may indicate immune dysfunction. Importantly, the analysis of molecular interactions within the immune microenvironment highlights the dual role of signaling pathways, which can either be associated with good or poor prognosis depending on the cell types involved. Our findings therefore argue that therapeutic strategies targeting ligand-receptor interactions should take into consideration the composition of the microenvironment and the specific cell types involved in molecular interactions.
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2
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Li L, Mohanty V, Dou J, Huang Y, Banerjee PP, Miao Q, Lohr JG, Vijaykumar T, Frede J, Knoechel B, Muniz-Feliciano L, Laskowski TJ, Liang S, Moyes JS, Nandivada V, Basar R, Kaplan M, Daher M, Liu E, Li Y, Acharya S, Lin P, Shanley M, Rafei H, Marin D, Mielke S, Champlin RE, Shpall EJ, Chen K, Rezvani K. Loss of metabolic fitness drives tumor resistance after CAR-NK cell therapy and can be overcome by cytokine engineering. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd6997. [PMID: 37494448 PMCID: PMC10371011 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineering of natural killer (NK) cells is promising, with early-phase clinical studies showing encouraging responses. However, the transcriptional signatures that control the fate of CAR-NK cells after infusion and factors that influence tumor control remain poorly understood. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing and mass cytometry to study the heterogeneity of CAR-NK cells and their in vivo evolution after adoptive transfer, from the phase of tumor control to relapse. Using a preclinical model of noncurative lymphoma and samples from a responder and a nonresponder patient treated with CAR19/IL-15 NK cells, we observed the emergence of NK cell clusters with distinct patterns of activation, function, and metabolic signature associated with different phases of in vivo evolution and tumor control. Interaction with the highly metabolically active tumor resulted in loss of metabolic fitness in NK cells that could be partly overcome by incorporation of IL-15 in the CAR construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vakul Mohanty
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinzhuang Dou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuefan Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pinaki P. Banerjee
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jens G. Lohr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tushara Vijaykumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Frede
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luis Muniz-Feliciano
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tamara J. Laskowski
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaoheng Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Judy S. Moyes
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vandana Nandivada
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rafet Basar
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mecit Kaplan
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - May Daher
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Enli Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil Acharya
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Lin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mayra Shanley
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hind Rafei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Marin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephan Mielke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard E. Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Im NG, Guillaumet-Adkins A, Wal M, Rogers AJ, Frede J, Havig CC, Yang J, Anand P, Stegmann SK, Waldschmidt JM, Sotudeh N, Niu L, Voisine J, Schweiger MR, Grassberger C, Lohr JG, Knoechel B. Regulatory Programs of B-cell Activation and Germinal Center Reaction Allow B-ALL Escape from CD19 CAR T-cell Therapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:1055-1068. [PMID: 35759797 PMCID: PMC9444959 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has led to tremendous successes in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. However, a large fraction of treated patients relapse, often with disease expressing reduced levels of the target antigen. Here, we report that exposing CD19+ B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells to CD19 CAR T cells reduced CD19 expression within hours. Initially, CD19 CAR T cells caused clustering of CD19 at the T cell-leukemia cell interface followed by CD19 internalization and decreased CD19 surface expression on the B-ALL cells. CD19 expression was then repressed by transcriptional rewiring. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing, we demonstrated that a subset of refractory CD19low cells sustained decreased CD19 expression through transcriptional programs of physiologic B-cell activation and germinal center reaction. Inhibiting B-cell activation programs with the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib increased the cytotoxicity of CD19 CAR T cells without affecting CAR T-cell viability. These results demonstrate transcriptional plasticity as an underlying mechanism of escape from CAR T cells and highlight the importance of combining CAR T-cell therapy with targeted therapies that aim to overcome this plasticity. See related Spotlight by Zhao and Melenhorst, p. 1040.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Gyu Im
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Translational Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Amy Guillaumet-Adkins
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Megha Wal
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna J. Rogers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Frede
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire C. Havig
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Praveen Anand
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Johannes M. Waldschmidt
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noori Sotudeh
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leili Niu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordan Voisine
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michal R. Schweiger
- Institute for Translational Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clemens Grassberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jens G. Lohr
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Corresponding Authors: Birgit Knoechel, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Phone: 617-632-2072; ., Jens G. Lohr, MD, PhD, Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Phone: 617-632-2069;
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA.,Corresponding Authors: Birgit Knoechel, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Phone: 617-632-2072; ., Jens G. Lohr, MD, PhD, Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Phone: 617-632-2069;
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4
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Montanaro A, Kitara S, Cerretani E, Marchesini M, Rompietti C, Pagliaro L, Gherli A, Su A, Minchillo ML, Caputi M, Fioretzaki R, Lorusso B, Ross L, Alexe G, Masselli E, Marozzi M, Rizzi FMA, La Starza R, Mecucci C, Xiong Y, Jin J, Falco A, Knoechel B, Aversa F, Candini O, Quaini F, Sportoletti P, Stegmaier K, Roti G. Identification of an Epi-metabolic dependency on EHMT2/G9a in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:551. [PMID: 35710782 PMCID: PMC9203761 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Genomic studies have identified recurrent somatic alterations in genes involved in DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), suggesting new opportunities for therapeutic interventions. In this study, we identified G9a/EHMT2 as a potential target in T-ALL through the intersection of epigenome-centered shRNA and chemical screens. We subsequently validated G9a with low-throughput CRISPR-Cas9-based studies targeting the catalytic G9a SET-domain and the testing of G9a chemical inhibitors in vitro, 3D, and in vivo T-ALL models. Mechanistically we determined that G9a repression promotes lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic degradation associated with the suppression of sestrin2 (SESN2) and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), suggesting that in T-ALL glycolytic dependent pathways are at least in part under epigenetic control. Thus, targeting G9a represents a strategy to exhaust the metabolic requirement of T-ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Montanaro
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Samuel Kitara
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Elisa Cerretani
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44121 Italy
| | - Matteo Marchesini
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy ,IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori “Dino Amadori” IRST (S.r.l.), Meldola, 47014 Italy
| | - Chiara Rompietti
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06123 Italy
| | - Luca Pagliaro
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Andrea Gherli
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Angela Su
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Maria Laura Minchillo
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Caputi
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Rodanthi Fioretzaki
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Bruno Lorusso
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Linda Ross
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Gabriela Alexe
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Elena Masselli
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy ,grid.411482.aAzienda-Ospedaliera di Parma, Hematology and BMT Unit, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Marina Marozzi
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Federica Maria Angela Rizzi
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy ,grid.419691.20000 0004 1758 3396National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems (I.N.B.B.), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta La Starza
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06123 Italy
| | - Cristina Mecucci
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06123 Italy
| | - Yan Xiong
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Jian Jin
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Angela Falco
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Franco Aversa
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | | | - Federico Quaini
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06123 Italy
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Giovanni Roti
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126 Italy ,grid.411482.aAzienda-Ospedaliera di Parma, Hematology and BMT Unit, Parma, 43126 Italy
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5
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Waldschmidt JM, Yee AJ, Vijaykumar T, Pinto Rengifo RA, Frede J, Anand P, Bianchi G, Guo G, Potdar S, Seifer C, Nair MS, Kokkalis A, Kloeber JA, Shapiro S, Budano L, Mann M, Friedman R, Lipe B, Campagnaro E, O’Donnell EK, Zhang CZ, Laubach JP, Munshi NC, Richardson PG, Anderson KC, Raje NS, Knoechel B, Lohr JG. Cell-free DNA for the detection of emerging treatment failure in relapsed/ refractory multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2022; 36:1078-1087. [PMID: 35027656 PMCID: PMC8983453 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interrogation of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) represents an emerging approach to non-invasively estimate disease burden in multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we examined low-pass whole genome sequencing (LPWGS) of cfDNA for its predictive value in relapsed/ refractory MM (RRMM). We observed that cfDNA positivity, defined as ≥10% tumor fraction by LPWGS, was associated with significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) in an exploratory test cohort of 16 patients who were actively treated on diverse regimens. We prospectively determined the predictive value of cfDNA in 86 samples from 45 RRMM patients treated with elotuzumab, pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in a phase II clinical trial (NCT02718833). PFS in patients with tumor-positive and -negative cfDNA after two cycles of treatment was 1.6 and 17.6 months, respectively (HR 7.6, P < 0.0001). Multivariate hazard modelling confirmed cfDNA as independent risk factor (HR 96.6, P = 6.92e-05). While correlating with serum-free light chains and bone marrow, cfDNA additionally discriminated patients with poor PFS among those with the same response by IMWG criteria. In summary, detectability of MM-derived cfDNA, as a measure of substantial tumor burden with therapy, independently predicts poor PFS and may provide refinement for standard-of-care response parameters to identify patients with poor response to treatment earlier than is currently feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M. Waldschmidt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Yee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tushara Vijaykumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo A. Pinto Rengifo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Frede
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Praveen Anand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guangwu Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sayalee Potdar
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Seifer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica S. Nair
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonis Kokkalis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jake A. Kloeber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mason Mann
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Brea Lipe
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth K. O’Donnell
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheng-Zhong Zhang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob P. Laubach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikhil C. Munshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul G. Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noopur S. Raje
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jens G. Lohr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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6
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Fishman H, Madiwale S, Geron I, Bari V, Van Loocke W, Kirschenbaum Y, Ganmore I, Kugler E, Rein-Gil A, Friedlander G, Schiby G, Birger Y, Strehl S, Soulier J, Knoechel B, Ferrando A, Noy-Lotan S, Nagler A, Mulloy JC, Van Vlierberghe P, Izraeli S. ETV6-NCOA2 fusion induces T/myeloid mixed-phenotype leukemia through transformation of nonthymic hematopoietic progenitor cells. Blood 2022; 139:399-412. [PMID: 34624096 PMCID: PMC9906988 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia is a rare subtype of leukemia in which both myeloid and lymphoid markers are co-expressed on the same malignant cells. The pathogenesis is largely unknown, and the treatment is challenging. We previously reported the specific association of the recurrent t(8;12)(q13;p13) chromosomal translocation that creates the ETV6-NCOA2 fusion with T/myeloid leukemias. Here we report that ETV6-NCOA2 initiates T/myeloid leukemia in preclinical models; ectopic expression of ETV6-NCOA2 in mouse bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors induced T/myeloid lymphoma accompanied by spontaneous Notch1-activating mutations. Similarly, cotransduction of human cord blood CD34+ progenitors with ETV6-NCOA2 and a nontransforming NOTCH1 mutant induced T/myeloid leukemia in immunodeficient mice; the immunophenotype and gene expression pattern were similar to those of patient-derived ETV6-NCOA2 leukemias. Mechanistically, we show that ETV6-NCOA2 forms a transcriptional complex with ETV6 and the histone acetyltransferase p300, leading to derepression of ETV6 target genes. The expression of ETV6-NCOA2 in human and mouse nonthymic hematopoietic progenitor cells induces transcriptional dysregulation, which activates a lymphoid program while failing to repress the expression of myeloid genes such as CSF1 and MEF2C. The ETV6-NCOA2 induced arrest at an early immature T-cell developmental stage. The additional acquisition of activating NOTCH1 mutations transforms the early immature ETV6-NCOA2 cells into T/myeloid leukemias. Here, we describe the first preclinical model to depict the initiation of T/myeloid leukemia by a specific somatic genetic aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Fishman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Shreyas Madiwale
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Ifat Geron
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Vase Bari
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Wouter Van Loocke
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yael Kirschenbaum
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center at Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Itamar Ganmore
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center at Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eitan Kugler
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Avigail Rein-Gil
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Gilgi Friedlander
- The Mantoux Bioinformatics Institute of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ginette Schiby
- Institute for Pathology Laboratory, Hematology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center at Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yehudit Birger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Sabine Strehl
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean Soulier
- Genomes and Cell Biology of Disease, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Adolfo Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Sharon Noy-Lotan
- Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikvah, Israel
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Hematology Division Bone Marrow Transplants and Cord-Blood Bank, Chaim Sheba Medical Center at Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - James C. Mulloy
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Shai Izraeli
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Rina Zaizov Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikvah, Israel
- Department of System Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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7
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Frede J, Anand P, Sotudeh N, Pinto RA, Nair MS, Stuart H, Yee AJ, Vijaykumar T, Waldschmidt JM, Potdar S, Kloeber JA, Kokkalis A, Dimitrova V, Mann M, Laubach JP, Richardson PG, Anderson KC, Raje NS, Knoechel B, Lohr JG. Dynamic transcriptional reprogramming leads to immunotherapeutic vulnerabilities in myeloma. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:1199-1211. [PMID: 34675390 PMCID: PMC8764878 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While there is extensive evidence for genetic variation as a basis for treatment resistance, other sources of variation result from cellular plasticity. Using multiple myeloma as an example of an incurable lymphoid malignancy, we show how cancer cells modulate lineage restriction, adapt their enhancer usage and employ cell-intrinsic diversity for survival and treatment escape. By using single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility profiling, we show that distinct transcriptional states co-exist in individual cancer cells and that differential transcriptional regulon usage and enhancer rewiring underlie these alternative transcriptional states. We demonstrate that exposure to standard treatment further promotes transcriptional reprogramming and differential enhancer recruitment while simultaneously reducing developmental potential. Importantly, treatment generates a distinct complement of actionable immunotherapy targets, such as CXCR4, which can be exploited to overcome treatment resistance. Our studies therefore delineate how to transform the cellular plasticity that underlies drug resistance into immuno-oncologic therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Frede
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Praveen Anand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Noori Sotudeh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo A. Pinto
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica S. Nair
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Stuart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Yee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tushara Vijaykumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes M. Waldschmidt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sayalee Potdar
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jake A. Kloeber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonis Kokkalis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Valeriya Dimitrova
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mason Mann
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob P. Laubach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul G. Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noopur S. Raje
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,These authors jointly supervised this work.,Correspondence: ,
| | - Jens G. Lohr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA,These authors jointly supervised this work.,Correspondence: ,
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8
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Waldschmidt JM, Kloeber JA, Anand P, Frede J, Kokkalis A, Dimitrova V, Potdar S, Nair MS, Vijaykumar T, Im NG, Guillaumet-Adkins A, Chopra N, Stuart H, Budano L, Sotudeh N, Guo G, Grassberger C, Yee AJ, Laubach JP, Richardson PG, Anderson KC, Raje NS, Knoechel B, Lohr JG. Single-Cell Profiling Reveals Metabolic Reprogramming as a Resistance Mechanism in BRAF-Mutated Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6432-6444. [PMID: 34518309 PMCID: PMC8639639 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although remarkably effective in some patients, precision medicine typically induces only transient responses despite initial absence of resistance-conferring mutations. Using BRAF-mutated myeloma as a model for resistance to precision medicine we investigated if BRAF-mutated cancer cells have the ability to ensure their survival by rapidly adapting to BRAF inhibitor treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Full-length single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing (scRNA-seq) was conducted on 3 patients with BRAF-mutated myeloma and 1 healthy donor. We sequenced 1,495 cells before, after 1 week, and at clinical relapse to BRAF/MEK inhibitor treatment. We developed an in vitro model of dabrafenib resistance using genetically homogeneous single-cell clones from two cell lines with established BRAF mutations (U266, DP6). Transcriptional and epigenetic adaptation in resistant cells were defined by RNA-seq and H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). Mitochondrial metabolism was characterized by metabolic flux analysis. RESULTS Profiling by scRNA-seq revealed rapid cellular state changes in response to BRAF/MEK inhibition in patients with myeloma and cell lines. Transcriptional adaptation preceded detectable outgrowth of genetically discernible drug-resistant clones and was associated with widespread enhancer remodeling. As a dominant vulnerability, dependency on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) was induced. In treated individuals, OxPhos was activated at the time of relapse and showed inverse correlation to MAPK activation. Metabolic flux analysis confirmed OxPhos as a preferential energetic resource of drug-persistent myeloma cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that cancer cells have the ability to rapidly adapt to precision treatments through transcriptional state changes, epigenetic adaptation, and metabolic rewiring, thus facilitating the development of refractory disease while simultaneously exposing novel vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M Waldschmidt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Praveen Anand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Julia Frede
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Antonis Kokkalis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Valeriya Dimitrova
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sayalee Potdar
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monica S Nair
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tushara Vijaykumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nam Gyu Im
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Guillaumet-Adkins
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nitish Chopra
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hannah Stuart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lillian Budano
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Noori Sotudeh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Guangwu Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Clemens Grassberger
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew J Yee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob P Laubach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center and LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center and LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Noopur S Raje
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jens G Lohr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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9
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Waldschmidt JM, Vijaykumar T, Knoechel B, Lohr JG. Tracking myeloma tumor DNA in peripheral blood. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2020; 33:101146. [PMID: 32139012 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2020.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, the emergence of liquid biopsy technologies has dramatically expanded our ability to assess multiple myeloma without the need for invasive sampling. Interrogation of cell-free DNA from the peripheral blood recapitulates the mutational landscape at excellent concordance with matching bone marrow aspirates. It can quantify disease burden and identify previously undetected resistance mechanisms which may inform clinical management in real-time. The convenience of sample acquisition and storage provides strong procedural benefits over currently available testing. Further investigations will have to define the role of cell-free DNA as a diagnostic measure by determining clinically relevant tumor thresholds in comparison to existing routine parameters. This review presents an overview of currently available assays and discusses the clinical value, potential and limitations of cell-free DNA technologies for the assessment of this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M Waldschmidt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tushara Vijaykumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jens G Lohr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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10
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Ariës IM, Bodaar K, Karim SA, Chonghaile TN, Hinze L, Burns MA, Pfirrmann M, Degar J, Landrigan JT, Balbach S, Peirs S, Menten B, Isenhart R, Stevenson KE, Neuberg DS, Devidas M, Loh ML, Hunger SP, Teachey DT, Rabin KR, Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Wood BL, Silverman LB, Sallan SE, Van Vlierberghe P, Orkin SH, Knoechel B, Letai AG, Gutierrez A. PRC2 loss induces chemoresistance by repressing apoptosis in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Exp Med 2018; 215:3094-3114. [PMID: 30404791 PMCID: PMC6279404 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial apoptotic priming predicts response to cancer chemotherapy, but the mechanisms underlying variability in this mitochondrial phenotype among closely related tumors are poorly understood. Ariës et al. show that PRC2 loss-of-function mutations induce resistance to mitochondrial apoptosis in T-ALL. The tendency of mitochondria to undergo or resist BCL2-controlled apoptosis (so-called mitochondrial priming) is a powerful predictor of response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Fully exploiting this finding will require unraveling the molecular genetics underlying phenotypic variability in mitochondrial priming. Here, we report that mitochondrial apoptosis resistance in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is mediated by inactivation of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). In T-ALL clinical specimens, loss-of-function mutations of PRC2 core components (EZH2, EED, or SUZ12) were associated with mitochondrial apoptosis resistance. In T-ALL cells, PRC2 depletion induced resistance to apoptosis induction by multiple chemotherapeutics with distinct mechanisms of action. PRC2 loss induced apoptosis resistance via transcriptional up-regulation of the LIM domain transcription factor CRIP2 and downstream up-regulation of the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1. These findings demonstrate the importance of mitochondrial apoptotic priming as a prognostic factor in T-ALL and implicate mitochondrial chaperone function as a molecular determinant of chemotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M Ariës
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kimberly Bodaar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Salmaan A Karim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Triona Ni Chonghaile
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Deparment of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Hinze
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Melissa A Burns
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Maren Pfirrmann
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James Degar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jack T Landrigan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sebastian Balbach
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sofie Peirs
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Randi Isenhart
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kristen E Stevenson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David T Teachey
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Karen R Rabin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Stuart S Winter
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Department, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Brent L Wood
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lewis B Silverman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen E Sallan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anthony G Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA .,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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11
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Mandelbaum J, Shestopalov IA, Henderson RE, Chau NG, Knoechel B, Wick MJ, Zon LI. Zebrafish blastomere screen identifies retinoic acid suppression of MYB in adenoid cystic carcinoma. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2673-2685. [PMID: 30209067 PMCID: PMC6170170 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a salivary gland malignancy that has no effective therapy and is caused by translocations involving MYB. A zebrafish chemical genetic screen identifies the retinoic acid class of compounds as potential MYB-inhibitory agents. Preclinical ACC mouse xenotransplantation models confirm the in vivo efficacy of retinoic acid, which represents a potential therapy for ACC. Pluripotent cells have been used to probe developmental pathways that are involved in genetic diseases and oncogenic events. To find new therapies that would target MYB-driven tumors, we developed a pluripotent zebrafish blastomere culture system. We performed a chemical genetic screen and identified retinoic acid agonists as suppressors of c-myb expression. Retinoic acid treatment also decreased c-myb gene expression in human leukemia cells. Translocations that drive overexpression of the oncogenic transcription factor MYB are molecular hallmarks of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), a malignant salivary gland tumor with no effective therapy. Retinoic acid agonists inhibited tumor growth in vivo in ACC patient–derived xenograft models and decreased MYB binding at translocated enhancers, thereby potentially diminishing the MYB positive feedback loop driving ACC. Our findings establish the zebrafish pluripotent cell culture system as a method to identify modulators of tumor formation, particularly establishing retinoic acid as a potential new effective therapy for ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mandelbaum
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ilya A Shestopalov
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel E Henderson
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nicole G Chau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael J Wick
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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12
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Waldschmidt JM, Anand P, Knoechel B, Lohr JG. Comprehensive characterization of circulating and bone marrow-derived multiple myeloma cells at minimal residual disease. Semin Hematol 2018; 55:33-37. [PMID: 29759150 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence or absence of minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has emerged as a useful marker to determine the depth of remission. MRD negativity as an endpoint has been shown to be associated with improved progression-free survival in many studies. MRD detection is therefore part of numerous clinical trial protocols for MM. At the present time, two methodologies are most widely accepted for MRD detection: (1) multicolor flow cytometry and (2) next-generation sequencing-based clonotype detection. While both of those methodologies enable accurate quantification of MRD in the bone marrow (BM), with sensitivity as low as 10-5 to 10-6, there are several limitations to these methods. First, these approaches reveal the presence or absence of MRD but provide limited molecular information about MM. More comprehensive characterization of MM cells at the MRD stage may identify molecular mechanisms of drug resistance. Second, MRD detection in the BM is typically performed at one time point only, but more frequent detection may define the duration of the MRD status and thus refine its prognostic value. Third, less-invasive approaches that avoid the discomfort and risk associated with BM biopsy would be highly desirable, especially in elderly or frail patients. "Liquid biopsy" for the detection and characterization of circulating MM cells may address these issues. Although MRD detection in the peripheral blood at the same sensitivity as in the BM may be challenging, the identification of patients who do not achieve MRD negativity might reduce the need for BM biopsies. Here, we give an overview of approaches that have been described to detect and characterize MM cells when they occur at very low frequencies in the peripheral blood or in the BM, emphasizing recently described next-generation sequencing approaches for more comprehensive characterization of circulating MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M Waldschmidt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Praveen Anand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jens G Lohr
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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13
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Ramaswamy K, Forbes L, Minuesa G, Gindin T, Brown F, Kharas MG, Krivtsov AV, Armstrong SA, Still E, de Stanchina E, Knoechel B, Koche R, Kentsis A. Peptidomimetic blockade of MYB in acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:110. [PMID: 29317678 PMCID: PMC5760651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant gene expression is a hallmark of acute leukemias. MYB-driven transcriptional coactivation with CREB-binding protein (CBP)/P300 is required for acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias, including refractory MLL-rearranged leukemias. Using structure-guided molecular design, we developed a peptidomimetic inhibitor MYBMIM that interferes with the assembly of the molecular MYB:CBP/P300 complex and rapidly accumulates in the nuclei of AML cells. Treatment of AML cells with MYBMIM led to the dissociation of the MYB:CBP/P300 complex in cells, its displacement from oncogenic enhancers enriched for MYB binding sites, and downregulation of MYB-dependent gene expression, including of MYC and BCL2 oncogenes. AML cells underwent mitochondrial apoptosis in response to MYBMIM, which was partially rescued by ectopic expression of BCL2. MYBMIM impeded leukemia growth and extended survival of immunodeficient mice engrafted with primary patient-derived MLL-rearranged leukemia cells. These findings elucidate the dependence of human AML on aberrant transcriptional coactivation, and establish a pharmacologic approach for its therapeutic blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Ramaswamy
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Forbes
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gerard Minuesa
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tatyana Gindin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Fiona Brown
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Andrei V Krivtsov
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Eric Still
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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14
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Abdel-Wahab O, Abrahm JL, Adams S, Adewoye AH, Allen C, Ambinder RF, Anasetti C, Anastasi J, Anderson JA, Antin JH, Antony AC, Araten DJ, Armand P, Armstrong G, Armstrong SA, Arnold DM, Artz AS, Awan FT, Baglin TP, Benson DM, Benz EJ, Berliner N, Bhagat G, Bhardwaj N, Bhatia R, Bhatia S, Bhatt MD, Bhatt VR, Bitan M, Blinderman CD, Bollard CM, Braun BS, Brenner MK, Brittenham GM, Brodsky RA, Brown M, Broxmeyer HE, Brummel-Ziedins K, Brunner AM, Buadi FK, Burkhardt B, Burns M, Byrd JC, Caimi PF, Caligiuri MA, Canavan M, Cantor AB, Carcao M, Carroll MC, Carty SA, Castillo JJ, Chan AK, Chapin J, Chiu A, Chute JP, Clark DB, Coates TD, Cogle CR, Connell NT, Cooke E, Cooley S, Corradini P, Creager MA, Creger RJ, Cromwell C, Crowther MA, Cushing MM, Cutler C, Dang CV, Danial NN, Dave SS, DeCaprio JA, Dinauer MC, Dinner S, Diz-Küçükkaya R, Dodd RY, Donato ML, Dorshkind K, Dotti G, Dror Y, Dunleavy K, Dvorak CC, Ebert BL, Eck MJ, Eikelboom JW, Epperla N, Ershler WB, Evans WE, Faderl S, Ferrara JL, Filipovich AH, Fischer M, Fredenburgh JC, Friedman KD, Fuchs E, Fuller SJ, Gailani D, Galipeau J, Gallagher PG, Ganapathi KA, Gardner LB, Gee AP, Gerson SL, Gertz MA, Giardina PJ, Gibson CJ, Golan K, Golub TR, Gonzales MJ, Gotlib J, Gottschalk S, Grant MA, Graubert TA, Gregg XT, Gribben JG, Gross DM, Gruber TA, Guitart J, Gurbuxani S, Gur-Cohen S, Gutierrez A, Hamadani M, Hari PN, Hartwig JH, Hayman SR, Hayward CP, Hebbel RP, Heslop HE, Hillis C, Hillyer CD, Ho K, Hockenbery DM, Hoffman R, Hogg KE, Holtan SG, Horny HP, Hsu YMS, Hunter ZR, Huntington JA, Iancu-Rubin C, Iqbal A, Isenman DE, Israels SJ, Italiano JE, Jaffe ES, Jaffer IH, Jagannath S, Jäger U, Jain N, James P, Jeha S, Jordan MB, Josephson CD, Jung M, Kager L, Kambayashi T, Kanakry JA, Kantarjian HM, Kaplan J, Karafin MS, Karsan A, Kaufman RJ, Kaufman RM, Keller FG, Kelly KM, Kessler CM, Key NS, Keyzner A, Khandoga AG, Khanna-Gupta A, Khatib-Massalha E, Klein HG, Knoechel B, Kollet O, Konkle BA, Kontoyiannis DP, Koreth J, Koretzky GA, Kotecha D, Kremyanskaya M, Kumari A, Kuzel TM, Küppers R, Lacy MQ, Ladas E, Landier W, Lapid K, Lapidot T, Larson PJ, Levi M, Lewis RE, Liebman HA, Lillicrap D, Lim W, Lin JC, Lindblad R, Lip GY, Little JA, Lohr JG, López JA, Luscinskas FW, Maciejewski JP, Majhail NS, Manches O, Mandle RJ, Mann KG, Manno CS, Marcogliese AN, Mariani G, Marincola FM, Mascarenhas J, Massberg S, McEver RP, McGrath E, McKinney MS, Mehta RS, Mentzer WC, Merlini G, Merryman R, Michel M, Migliaccio AR, Miller JS, Mims MP, Mondoro TH, Moorehead P, Muniz LR, Munshi NC, Najfeld V, Nayak L, Nazy I, Neff AT, Ness PM, Notarangelo LD, O'Brien SH, O'Connor OA, O'Donnell M, Olson A, Orkin SH, Pai M, Pai SY, Paidas M, Panch SR, Pande RL, Papayannopoulou T, Parikh R, Petersdorf EW, Peterson SE, Pittaluga S, Ponce DM, Popolo L, Prchal JT, Pui CH, Puigserver P, Rak J, Ramos CA, Rand JH, Rand ML, Rao DS, Ravandi F, Rawlings DJ, Reddy P, Reding MT, Reiter A, Rice L, Riese MJ, Ritchey AK, Roberts DJ, Roman E, Rooney CM, Rosen ST, Rosenthal DS, Rossmann MP, Rot A, Rowley SD, Rubnitz JE, Rydz N, Salama ME, Sauk S, Saunthararajah Y, Savage W, Scadden D, Schaefer KG, Schiffman F, Schneidewend R, Schrier SL, Schuchman EH, Scullion BF, Selvaggi KJ, Senoo K, Shaheen M, Shaz BH, Shelburne SA, Shpall EJ, Shurin SB, Siegal D, Silberstein LE, Silberstein L, Silverstein RL, Sloan SR, Smith FO, Smith JW, Smith K, Steensma DP, Steinberg MH, Stock W, Storry JR, Stramer SL, Strauss RG, Stroncek DF, Taylor J, Thota S, Treon SP, Tulpule A, Valdes RF, Valent P, Vedantham S, Vercellotti GM, Verneris MR, Vichinsky EP, von Andrian UH, Vose JM, Wagner AJ, Wang E, Wang JH, Warkentin TE, Wasserstein MP, Webster A, Weisdorf DJ, Weitz JI, Westhoff CM, Wheeler AP, Widick P, Wiley JS, William BM, Williams DA, Wilson WH, Wolfe J, Wolgast LR, Wood D, Wu J, Yahalom J, Yee DL, Younes A, Young NS, Zeller MP. Contributors. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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15
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Lohr JG, Knoechel B, Golub TR. Genomic Approaches to Hematology. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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16
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Lohr JG, Kim S, Gould J, Knoechel B, Drier Y, Cotton MJ, Gray D, Birrer N, Wong B, Ha G, Zhang CZ, Guo G, Meyerson M, Yee AJ, Boehm JS, Raje N, Golub TR. Genetic interrogation of circulating multiple myeloma cells at single-cell resolution. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:363ra147. [PMID: 27807282 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac7037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease, with a treatment-refractory state eventually developing in all patients. Constant clonal evolution and genetic heterogeneity of MM are a likely explanation for the emergence of drug-resistant disease. Monitoring of MM genomic evolution on therapy by serial bone marrow biopsy is unfortunately impractical because it involves an invasive and painful procedure. We describe how noninvasive and highly sensitive isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood at single-cell resolution recapitulate MM in the bone marrow. We demonstrate that CTCs provide the same genetic information as bone marrow MM cells and even reveal mutations with greater sensitivity than bone marrow biopsies in some cases. Single CTC RNA sequencing enables classification of MM and quantitative assessment of genes that are relevant for prognosis. We propose that the genomic characterization of CTCs should be included in clinical trials to follow the emergence of resistant subclones after MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens G Lohr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. .,Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02214, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sora Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joshua Gould
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02214, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yotam Drier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology/Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, MA 02114, USA
| | - Matthew J Cotton
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology/Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, MA 02114, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Daniel Gray
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicole Birrer
- Division of Hematology and Oncology/Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bang Wong
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Cheng-Zhong Zhang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02214, USA
| | - Guangwu Guo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02214, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02214, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew J Yee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology/Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jesse S Boehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Noopur Raje
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology/Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, MA 02114, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. .,Departments of Medical Oncology, Pathology, and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02214, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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17
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Knoechel B, Bhatt A, Pan L, Pedamallu CS, Severson E, Gutierrez A, Dorfman DM, Kuo FC, Kluk M, Kung AL, Zweidler-McKay P, Meyerson M, Blacklow SC, DeAngelo DJ, Aster JC. Complete hematologic response of early T-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia to the γ-secretase inhibitor BMS-906024: genetic and epigenetic findings in an outlier case. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2016; 1:a000539. [PMID: 27148573 PMCID: PMC4850884 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch pathway antagonists such as γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) are being tested in diverse cancers, but exceptional responses have yet to be reported. We describe the case of a patient with relapsed/refractory early T-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) who achieved a complete hematologic response following treatment with the GSI BMS-906024. Whole-exome sequencing of leukemic blasts revealed heterozygous gain-of-function driver mutations in NOTCH1, CSF3R, and PTPN11, and a homozygous/hemizygous loss-of-function mutation in DNMT3A. The three gain-of-function mutations were absent from remission marrow cells, but the DNMT3A mutation persisted in heterozygous form in remission marrow, consistent with an origin for the patient's ETP-ALL from clonal hematopoiesis. Ex vivo culture of ETP-ALL blasts confirmed high levels of activated NOTCH1 that were repressed by GSI treatment, and RNA-seq documented that GSIs downregulated multiple known Notch target genes. Surprisingly, one potential target gene that was unaffected by GSIs was MYC, a key Notch target in GSI-sensitive T-ALL of cortical T-cell type. H3K27ac super-enhancer landscapes near MYC showed a pattern previously reported in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is sensitive to BRD4 inhibitors, and in line with this ETP-ALL blasts downregulated MYC in response to the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1. To our knowledge, this is the first example of complete response of a Notch-mutated ETP-ALL to a Notch antagonist and is also the first description of chromatin landscapes associated with ETP-ALL. Our experience suggests that additional attempts to target Notch in Notch-mutated ETP-ALL are merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Knoechel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ami Bhatt
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 95305, USA
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Chandra S Pedamallu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Eric Severson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - David M Dorfman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Frank C Kuo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Michael Kluk
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Patrick Zweidler-McKay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Stephen C Blacklow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Daniel J DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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18
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Riggi N, Knoechel B, Gillespie SM, Rheinbay E, Boulay G, Suvà ML, Rossetti NE, Boonseng WE, Oksuz O, Cook EB, Formey A, Patel A, Gymrek M, Thapar V, Deshpande V, Ting DT, Hornicek FJ, Nielsen GP, Stamenkovic I, Aryee MJ, Bernstein BE, Rivera MN. EWS-FLI1 utilizes divergent chromatin remodeling mechanisms to directly activate or repress enhancer elements in Ewing sarcoma. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:668-681. [PMID: 25453903 PMCID: PMC4492343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant transcription factor EWS-FLI1 drives Ewing sarcoma, but its molecular function is not completely understood. We find that EWS-FLI1 reprograms gene regulatory circuits in Ewing sarcoma by directly inducing or repressing enhancers. At GGAA repeat elements, which lack evolutionary conservation and regulatory potential in other cell types, EWS-FLI1 multimers induce chromatin opening and create de novo enhancers that physically interact with target promoters. Conversely, EWS-FLI1 inactivates conserved enhancers containing canonical ETS motifs by displacing wild-type ETS transcription factors. These divergent chromatin-remodeling patterns repress tumor suppressors and mesenchymal lineage regulators while activating oncogenes and potential therapeutic targets, such as the kinase VRK1. Our findings demonstrate how EWS-FLI1 establishes an oncogenic regulatory program governing both tumor survival and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Riggi
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shawn M Gillespie
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Esther Rheinbay
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gaylor Boulay
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nikki E Rossetti
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wannaporn E Boonseng
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ozgur Oksuz
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward B Cook
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aurélie Formey
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anoop Patel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Gymrek
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vishal Thapar
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T Ting
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Petur Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Aryee
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Miguel N Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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19
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Knoechel B, Roderick J, Williamson K, Zhu J, Lohr J, Cotton M, Gillespie S, Fernandez D, Ku M, Wang H, Piccioni F, Silver S, Jain M, Pearson D, Kluk M, Ott C, Greiner D, Brehm M, Shultz L, Gutierrez A, Stegmaier K, Harris M, Silverman L, Sallan S, Kung A, Root D, Bradner J, Aster J, Kelliher M, Bernstein B. Abstract 4782: Epigenetic resistance to Notch inhibition in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Resistance to therapy is one of the major challenges in cancer treatment today, equally applicable to conventional chemotherapy as well as targeted therapy. Malignant tumors have widespread epigenetic alterations including aberrant expression of chromatin modifiers in a wide variety of tumors and chromosomal translocations involving chromatin modifiers that can drive development of some cancers. In addition, cancer genome sequencing studies have identified frequent somatic alterations in many chromatin-regulating enzymes. Moreover, epigenetic changes have been implicated in the development of drug resistance.
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has a high rate of treatment-refractory disease and relapse that significantly lowers survival rates compared to other forms of ALL. The identification of activating somatic NOTCH1 mutations in over 50% of patients with T-ALL led to the development of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) that prevent cleavage and activation of NOTCH1. Although effective in vitro, the rapid development of resistance that develops with Notch inhibition in vivo has so far prevented the translation of these inhibitors into the clinical setting.
We have developed a model of therapeutic resistance to inhibition of Notch signaling in T-ALL. In this model, ‘persister’ cells readily expand in the presence of GSI and the absence of Notch signaling. Rare persister cells are pre-existing in naïve T-ALL populations. Intriguingly, in vitro resistance to NOTCH1 inhibitor therapy is reversible, suggesting that it is epigenetically mediated. When compared to GSI-sensitive cells, persisters are characterized by distinct signaling and gene expression programs, and demonstrate global chromatin compaction. Using a short-hairpin knock-down screen of ∼ 300 known chromatin regulators we identified the chromatin reader BRD4 as essential for persister T-ALL cells. BRD4 expression levels are upregulated in persister T-ALL cells. Genome-wide binding studies of BRD4 show that it is found at active regulatory elements in the genome that are associated with genes known to be important for cell proliferation, survival and signaling pathways in T-ALL, e. g. MYC and BCL2. Treatment of persisters with the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 down-regulates expression of these target genes. Functionally, JQ1 treatment leads to growth arrest and apoptosis in persister T-ALL cells, at doses well tolerated by GSI-sensitive leukemia cells. Furthermore, combination therapy of GSI and JQ1 is significantly more effective over vehicle or single agent therapy for primary human T-ALLs in vitro and in vivo.
These studies demonstrate epigenetic heterogeneity as a basis of drug resistance in leukemia. We suggest that combination therapies that include targeting of chromatin regulators may hold great therapeutic promise for prevention and treatment of resistant disease.
Citation Format: Birgit Knoechel, Justine Roderick, Kaylyn Williamson, Jiang Zhu, Jens Lohr, Matthew Cotton, Shawn Gillespie, Daniel Fernandez, Manching Ku, Hongfang Wang, Federica Piccioni, Serena Silver, Mohit Jain, Daniel Pearson, Michael Kluk, Christopher Ott, Dale Greiner, Michael Brehm, Leonard Shultz, Alejandro Gutierrez, Kimberly Stegmaier, Marian Harris, Lewis Silverman, Stephen Sallan, Andrew Kung, David Root, James Bradner, Jon Aster, Michelle Kelliher, Bradley Bernstein. Epigenetic resistance to Notch inhibition in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4782. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4782
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jens Lohr
- 1Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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20
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Stoeck A, Lejnine S, Truong A, Pan L, Wang H, Zang C, Yuan J, Ware C, MacLean J, Garrett-Engele PW, Kluk M, Laskey J, Haines BB, Moskaluk C, Zawel L, Fawell S, Gilliland G, Zhang T, Kremer BE, Knoechel B, Bernstein BE, Pear WS, Liu XS, Aster JC, Sathyanarayanan S. Discovery of biomarkers predictive of GSI response in triple-negative breast cancer and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:1154-67. [PMID: 25104330 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Next-generation sequencing was used to identify Notch mutations in a large collection of diverse solid tumors. NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 rearrangements leading to constitutive receptor activation were confined to triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC; 6 of 66 tumors). TNBC cell lines with NOTCH1 rearrangements associated with high levels of activated NOTCH1 (N1-ICD) were sensitive to the gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) MRK-003, both alone and in combination with paclitaxel, in vitro and in vivo, whereas cell lines with NOTCH2 rearrangements were resistant to GSI. Immunohistochemical staining of N1-ICD in TNBC xenografts correlated with responsiveness, and expression levels of the direct Notch target gene HES4 correlated with outcome in patients with TNBC. Activating NOTCH1 point mutations were also identified in other solid tumors, including adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Notably, ACC primary tumor xenografts with activating NOTCH1 mutations and high N1-ICD levels were sensitive to GSI, whereas N1-ICD-low tumors without NOTCH1 mutations were resistant. SIGNIFICANCE NOTCH1 mutations, immunohistochemical staining for activated NOTCH1, and HES4 expression are biomarkers that can be used to identify solid tumors that are likely to respond to GSI-based therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Biomarkers
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/genetics
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cellular Senescence/drug effects
- Cyclic S-Oxides/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Exome
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Rearrangement
- Genes, myc
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Prognosis
- Protease Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Receptors, Notch/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Notch/chemistry
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Thiadiazoles/pharmacology
- Treatment Outcome
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Pan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hongfang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Yuan
- Merck Research Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chris Ware
- Merck Research Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John MacLean
- Merck Research Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael Kluk
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason Laskey
- Merck Research Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Christopher Moskaluk
- Department of Medicine and Digestive Health Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Leigh Zawel
- Merck Research Laboratory, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Brandon E Kremer
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Warren S Pear
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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Knoechel B, Roderick JE, Williamson KE, Zhu J, Lohr JG, Cotton MJ, Gillespie SM, Fernandez D, Ku M, Wang H, Piccioni F, Silver SJ, Jain M, Pearson D, Kluk MJ, Ott CJ, Shultz LD, Brehm MA, Greiner DL, Gutierrez A, Stegmaier K, Kung AL, Root DE, Bradner JE, Aster JC, Kelliher MA, Bernstein BE. An epigenetic mechanism of resistance to targeted therapy in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Genet 2014; 46:364-70. [PMID: 24584072 PMCID: PMC4086945 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The identification of activating NOTCH1 mutations in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) led to clinical testing of γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) that prevent NOTCH1 activation. However, responses to these inhibitors have been transient, suggesting that resistance limits their clinical efficacy. Here we modeled T-ALL resistance, identifying GSI-tolerant 'persister' cells that expand in the absence of NOTCH1 signaling. Rare persisters are already present in naive T-ALL populations, and the reversibility of their phenotype suggests an epigenetic mechanism. Relative to GSI-sensitive cells, persister cells activate distinct signaling and transcriptional programs and exhibit chromatin compaction. A knockdown screen identified chromatin regulators essential for persister viability, including BRD4. BRD4 binds enhancers near critical T-ALL genes, including MYC and BCL2. The BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 downregulates expression of these targets and induces growth arrest and apoptosis in persister cells, at doses well tolerated by GSI-sensitive cells. Consistently, the GSI-JQ1 combination was found to be effective against primary human leukemias in vivo. Our findings establish a role for epigenetic heterogeneity in leukemia resistance that may be addressed by incorporating epigenetic modulators in combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Knoechel
- 1] Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [5]
| | - Justine E Roderick
- 1] Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA. [2]
| | - Kaylyn E Williamson
- 1] Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- 1] Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Jens G Lohr
- 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew J Cotton
- 1] Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Shawn M Gillespie
- 1] Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Fernandez
- 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Biostatistics Graduate Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manching Ku
- 1] Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hongfang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Serena J Silver
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Pearson
- 1] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Biological and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael J Kluk
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher J Ott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew L Kung
- 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle A Kelliher
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- 1] Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [4] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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22
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Lohr JG, Stojanov P, Carter SL, Cruz-Gordillo P, Lawrence MS, Auclair D, Sougnez C, Knoechel B, Gould J, Saksena G, Cibulskis K, McKenna A, Chapman MA, Straussman R, Levy J, Perkins LM, Keats JJ, Schumacher SE, Rosenberg M, Getz G, Golub TR. Widespread genetic heterogeneity in multiple myeloma: implications for targeted therapy. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:91-101. [PMID: 24434212 PMCID: PMC4241387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 741] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We performed massively parallel sequencing of paired tumor/normal samples from 203 multiple myeloma (MM) patients and identified significantly mutated genes and copy number alterations and discovered putative tumor suppressor genes by determining homozygous deletions and loss of heterozygosity. We observed frequent mutations in KRAS (particularly in previously treated patients), NRAS, BRAF, FAM46C, TP53, and DIS3 (particularly in nonhyperdiploid MM). Mutations were often present in subclonal populations, and multiple mutations within the same pathway (e.g., KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF) were observed in the same patient. In vitro modeling predicts only partial treatment efficacy of targeting subclonal mutations, and even growth promotion of nonmutated subclones in some cases. These results emphasize the importance of heterogeneity analysis for treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens G Lohr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Petar Stojanov
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Scott L Carter
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | - Peter Cruz-Gordillo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | - Michael S Lawrence
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | - Daniel Auclair
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | - Carrie Sougnez
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | - Birgit Knoechel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, 350 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua Gould
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | - Gordon Saksena
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | - Kristian Cibulskis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | - Aaron McKenna
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | - Michael A Chapman
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ravid Straussman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | - Joan Levy
- The Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, 383 Main Avenue, Fifth Floor, Norwalk, CT 06581, USA
| | - Louise M Perkins
- The Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, 383 Main Avenue, Fifth Floor, Norwalk, CT 06581, USA
| | - Jonathan J Keats
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Steven E Schumacher
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mara Rosenberg
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA
| | | | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Breakdown of tolerance leads to autoimmunity due to emergence of autoreactive T or B cell clones. Autoimmune diseases predispose to lymphoid malignancies and lymphoid malignancies, conversely, can manifest as autoimmune diseases. While it has been clear for a long time that a competitive advantage and uncontrolled growth of lymphocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of both lymphoid malignancies as well as autoimmune diseases, the overlap of the underlying mechanisms has been less well described. Next generation sequencing has led to massive expansion of the available genomic data in many diseases over the last five years. These data allow for comparison of the molecular pathogenesis between autoimmune diseases and lymphoid malignancies. Here, we review the similarities between autoimmune diseases and lymphoid malignancies: 1) Both, autoimmune diseases and lymphoid malignancies are characterized by activation of the same T and B cell signaling pathways, and dysregulation of these pathways can occur through genetic or epigenetic events. 2) In both scenarios, clonal and subclonal evolution of lymphocytes contribute to disease. 3) Development of both diseases not only depends on T or B cell intrinsic factors, such as germline or somatic mutations, but also on environmental factors. These include infections, the presence of other immune cells in the microenvironment, and the cytokine milieu. A better mechanistic understanding of the parallels between lymphomagenesis and autoimmunity may help the development of precision treatment strategies with rationally designed therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Knoechel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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24
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Kluk MJ, Ashworth T, Wang H, Knoechel B, Mason EF, Morgan EA, Dorfman D, Pinkus G, Weigert O, Hornick JL, Chirieac LR, Hirsch M, Oh DJ, South AP, Leigh IM, Pourreyron C, Cassidy AJ, Deangelo DJ, Weinstock DM, Krop IE, Dillon D, Brock JE, Lazar AJF, Peto M, Cho RJ, Stoeck A, Haines BB, Sathayanrayanan S, Rodig S, Aster JC. Gauging NOTCH1 Activation in Cancer Using Immunohistochemistry. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67306. [PMID: 23825651 PMCID: PMC3688991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fixed, paraffin-embedded (FPE) tissues are a potentially rich resource for studying the role of NOTCH1 in cancer and other pathologies, but tests that reliably detect activated NOTCH1 (NICD1) in FPE samples have been lacking. Here, we bridge this gap by developing an immunohistochemical (IHC) stain that detects a neoepitope created by the proteolytic cleavage event that activates NOTCH1. Following validation using xenografted cancers and normal tissues with known patterns of NOTCH1 activation, we applied this test to tumors linked to dysregulated Notch signaling by mutational studies. As expected, frequent NICD1 staining was observed in T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, a tumor in which activating NOTCH1 mutations are common. However, when IHC was used to gauge NOTCH1 activation in other human cancers, several unexpected findings emerged. Among B cell tumors, NICD1 staining was much more frequent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia than would be predicted based on the frequency of NOTCH1 mutations, while mantle cell lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma showed no evidence of NOTCH1 activation. NICD1 was also detected in 38% of peripheral T cell lymphomas. Of interest, NICD1 staining in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and in angioimmunoblastic lymphoma was consistently more pronounced in lymph nodes than in surrounding soft tissues, implicating factors in the nodal microenvironment in NOTCH1 activation in these diseases. Among carcinomas, diffuse strong NICD1 staining was observed in 3.8% of cases of triple negative breast cancer (3 of 78 tumors), but was absent from 151 non-small cell lung carcinomas and 147 ovarian carcinomas. Frequent staining of normal endothelium was also observed; in line with this observation, strong NICD1 staining was also seen in 77% of angiosarcomas. These findings complement insights from genomic sequencing studies and suggest that IHC staining is a valuable experimental tool that may be useful in selection of patients for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kluk
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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25
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Abstract
Transfer of antigen-specific T cells into antigen-expressing lymphopenic recipients leads to the sequential generation of Th1 and Th17 effector and protective CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory cells in the periphery with surprisingly different kinetics. Such an experimental model is potentially valuable for defining the stimuli that regulate lineage decision and plasticity of various T cell effectors and peripheral regulatory T cells. Our studies have shown that IL-17 production occurs rapidly and declines within the first week with the appearance of IFN-gamma producing T cells. Regulatory T cells appear during the recovery phase of the disease. The factors that mediate this complex differentiation originating from a starting naïve T cell population remain to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lohr
- Department of Pathology, University of California, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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26
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Abstract
Multiple pathways can induce and maintain peripheral T cell tolerance. The goal of this study was to define the contributions of apoptosis and anergy to the maintenance of self-tolerance to a systemic Ag. Upon transfer into mice expressing OVA systemically, OVA-specific DO11 CD4+ T cells are activated transiently, cease responding, and die. Bim is the essential apoptosis-inducing trigger and apoptosis proceeds despite increased expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x. However, preventing apoptosis by eliminating Bim does not restore proliferation or cytokine production by DO11 cells. While Foxp3 is transiently induced, anergy is not associated with the stable development of regulatory T cells. Thus, apoptosis is dispensable for tolerance to a systemic self-Ag and cell-intrinsic anergy is sufficient to tolerize T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Barron
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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27
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Abstract
A finely orchestrated balance between activating and inhibitory signals is fundamental for the ability of the immune system to effectively attack and eliminate pathogenic microbes but to not react against self-antigens. Derangements of this balance underlie the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Conversely, elucidating the mechanisms of this balance may provide rational strategies for manipulating it in order to enhance the efficacy of vaccines and tumor immunotherapy. One of the clearest illustrations of precise regulation is in the generation of effector and regulatory T cells. In order to analyze the mechanisms of this regulation, we have developed a transgenic mouse model in which a single population of T cells reacts against its known cognate antigen in vivo. Here we summarize our studies with this experimental model, illustrating the sequence of T cell responses that develop and attempting to dissect the stimuli that control these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul K Abbas
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0511, USA.
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28
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Abstract
To explore the interactions between regulatory T cells and pathogenic effector cytokines, we have developed a model of a T cell–mediated systemic autoimmune disorder resembling graft-versus-host disease. The cytokine responsible for tissue inflammation in this disorder is interleukin (IL)-17, whereas interferon (IFN)-γ produced by Th1 cells has a protective effect in this setting. Because of the interest in potential therapeutic approaches utilizing transfer of regulatory T cells and inhibition of the IL-2 pathway, we have explored the roles of these in the systemic disease. We demonstrate that the production of IL-17 and tissue infiltration by IL-17–producing cells occur and are even enhanced in the absence of IL-2. Regulatory T cells favor IL-17 production but prevent the disease when administered early in the course by suppressing expansion of T cells. Thus, the pathogenic or protective effects of cytokines and the therapeutic capacity of regulatory T cells are crucially dependent on the timing and the nature of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lohr
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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29
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Abstract
Recognition of a systemic antigen by CD4+ T cells in a lymphopenic host leads to the sequential generation of pathogenic effector cells and protective CD25+ forkhead box protein (Foxp3+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the periphery. Such an experimental model is potentially valuable for defining the stimuli that determine the balance of effector and regulatory T cells. Our studies have shown that interleukin-2 (IL-2) enhances the development of effector cells and is essential for the peripheral generation of regulatory cells. Other models of peripheral Treg generation suggest that the concentration of antigen, the nature of the antigen-presenting cells, and cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta and IL-10 may all influence the peripheral generation of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lohr
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143-0511, USA
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30
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Abstract
Tolerance in vivo is maintained by multiple mechanisms that function to prevent autoimmunity. An encounter of CD4+ T cells with a circulating self-Ag leads to partial thymic deletion, the development of CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), and functional anergy in the surviving CD25- population. We have compared anergic and regulatory T cells of the same Ag specificity generated in vivo by the systemic self-Ag. Anergic cells are unresponsive to the self-Ag that induces tolerance, but upon transfer into a new host and immunization, anergic cells can induce a pathologic autoimmune reaction against tissue expressing the same Ag. Tregs, in contrast, are incapable of mediating harmful reactions. To define the basis of this functional difference, we have compared gene expression profiles of anergic and regulatory T cells. These analyses show that Tregs express a distinct molecular signature, but anergic cells largely lack such a profile. Anergic cells express transcripts that are associated with effector differentiation, e.g., the effector cytokines IL-4 and IFN-gamma. Anergic cells do not produce these cytokines in response to self-Ag, because the cells exhibit a proximal signaling block in response to TCR engagement. Thus, anergy reflects an aborted activation pathway that can readily be reversed, resulting in pathologic effector cell responses, whereas Treg development follows a distinct developmental pathway that extinguishes effector functions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Clonal Anergy/genetics
- Clonal Anergy/immunology
- Clonal Deletion/genetics
- Coculture Techniques
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Knoechel
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, CA 94143, USA
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31
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Knoechel B, Lohr J, Kahn E, Bluestone JA, Abbas AK. Sequential development of interleukin 2-dependent effector and regulatory T cells in response to endogenous systemic antigen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 202:1375-86. [PMID: 16287710 PMCID: PMC2212975 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transfer of naive antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells into lymphopenic mice that express an endogenous antigen as a systemic, secreted protein results in severe autoimmunity resembling graft-versus-host disease. T cells that respond to this endogenous antigen develop into effector cells that cause the disease. Recovery from this disease is associated with the subsequent generation of FoxP3(+)CD25(+) regulatory cells in the periphery. Both pathogenic effector cells and protective regulatory cells develop from the same antigen-specific T cell population after activation, and their generation may occur in parallel or sequentially. Interleukin (IL)-2 plays a dual role in this systemic T cell reaction. In the absence of IL-2, the acute disease is mild because of reduced T cell effector function, but a chronic and progressive disease develops late and is associated with a failure to generate FoxP3(+) regulatory T (T reg) cells in the periphery. Thus, a peripheral T cell reaction to a systemic antigen goes through a phase of effector cell-mediated pathology followed by T reg cell-mediated recovery, and both require the growth factor IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Knoechel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, CA 94143, USA
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Knoechel B, Lohr J, Kahn E, Abbas AK. Cutting Edge: The Link between Lymphocyte Deficiency and Autoimmunity: Roles of Endogenous T and B Lymphocytes in Tolerance. J Immunol 2005; 175:21-6. [PMID: 15972626 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that transfer of OVA-specific DO11 CD4(+) T cells into mice that lack T and B cells and produce secreted OVA as an endogenous self-protein results in a severe systemic autoimmune reaction with skin inflammation, wasting, and death. The transferred DO11 T cells undergo massive expansion and produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma abundantly. Transfer of DO11 cells into OVA-expressing animals in which T cells are absent but B cells are present, leads to mild disease with no death. In this situation, the DO11 cells undergo similar expansion but show poor Th1 differentiation. This regulatory effect of B cells correlates with profound TCR down-regulation. If T cells are present, the DO11 cells fail to expand independent of B cells. These results suggest that both endogenous T and B lymphocytes control T cell tolerance induction and pathogenicity, but at different stages of an anti-self response. Although endogenous T cells prevent expansion and maintain homeostasis, endogenous B cells limit subsequent effector responses of autoreactive CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Knoechel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Abstract
CD4 T cells are the master controllers of immune responses to protein antigens, and many autoimmune diseases are thought to arise from a breakdown of immunological tolerance in CD4 cells. Peripheral tolerance in CD4 T cells is maintained by several mechanisms, including functional anergy, deletion (death) by apoptosis and suppression by regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg). Using transgenic mouse models, we have explored the roles of these mechanisms in tolerance to cell-associated tissue-restricted self-antigens and secreted systemic self-antigens. Tolerance to a membrane form of the antigen expressed in islet beta cells is maintained by Treg, which block T cell differentiation into pathogenic effectors, and by CTLA-4, which increases the activation threshold of T cells and prevents responses to the self-antigen. A systemically produced soluble form of the antigen induces rapid T cell anergy followed by deletion. The induction of anergy does not require either CTLA-4 or Treg, although in the absence of Treg tolerance can be broken more readily by potent immunogenic signals. Encounter with circulating antigen in T cells induces a state of antigen receptor "desensitization" that is associated with a block in proximal receptor-triggered signals. Thus, different mechanisms play dominant roles in T cell tolerance to different types of self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul K Abbas
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Suite M590, San Francisco, CA 94143-0511, USA.
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Abstract
We have used transgenic mouse models to examine the mechanisms of tolerance in CD4(+) T lymphocytes to soluble, systemic and cell-associated, tissue-restricted self-antigens. Anergy to an islet antigen, as a model of a tissue antigen, is dependent on the inhibitory receptor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and tissue-restricted autoimmunity is inhibited by regulatory T lymphocytes. Anergy to a circulating systemic antigen can occur independently of CTLA-4 signals, and it is induced primarily by a block in proximal receptor-initiated signals. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells are generated in response to both forms of self-antigens, but the induction is much more efficient with the tissue antigen. Receptor desensitization can be induced by the systemic antigen even in the absence of regulatory T cells, but tolerance can be broken by immunization much more easily if these cells are absent. Deletion of mature T cells is striking with the systemic antigen; there is little evidence to support peripheral deletion as a mechanism of tolerance to the tissue antigen. Thus, both distinct and overlapping mechanisms account for unresponsiveness to different forms of self-antigens. These results establish a foundation for searching for genetic influences and pathogenic mechanisms in organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lohr
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Abstract
The induction of effective immune responses requires costimulation by B7 molecules, and Ag recognition without B7 is thought to result in no response or tolerance. We compared T cell responses in vivo to the same Ag presented either by mature dendritic cells (DCs) or as self, in the presence or absence of B7. We show that Ag presentation by mature B7-1/2-deficient DCs fails to elicit an effector T cell response but does not induce tolerance. In contrast, using a newly developed adoptive transfer system, we show that naive OVA-specific DO11 CD4+ T cells become anergic upon encounter with a soluble form of OVA, in the presence or absence of B7. However, tolerance in DO11 cells transferred into soluble OVA transgenic recipients can be broken by immunization with Ag-pulsed DCs only in B7-deficient mice and not in wild-type mice, suggesting a role of B7 in maintaining tolerance in the presence of strong immunogenic signals. Comparing two double-transgenic models--expressing either a soluble or a tissue Ag--we further show that B7 is not only essential for the active induction of regulatory T cells in the thymus, but also for their maintenance in the periphery. Thus, the obligatory role of B7 molecules paradoxically is to promote effective T cell priming and contain effector responses when self-Ags are presented as foreign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lohr
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, 94143, USA
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36
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Abstract
The acquisition of long-term survival potential by activated T lymphocytes is essential to ensure the successful development of a memory population in the competitive environment of the lymphoid system. The factors that grant competitiveness for survival to primed T cells are poorly defined. We examined the role of IL-2 signals during priming of CD4(+) T cells in the induction of a long-lasting survival program. We show that Ag-induced cycling of CD4(+) IL-2(-/-) T cells is independent of IL-2 in vitro. However, IL-2(-/-) T cells failed to accumulate in large numbers and develop in effector cells when primed in the absence of IL-2. More importantly, Ag-activated IL-2(-/-) T cells were unable to survive for prolonged periods of time after adoptive transfer in unmanipulated, syngeneic mice. IL-2(-/-) T cells exposed to IL-2 signals during priming, however, acquired a robust and long-lasting survival advantage over cells that cycled in the absence of IL-2. Interestingly, this IL-2-induced survival program was required for long-term persistence of primed IL-2(-/-) T cells in an intact lymphoid compartment, but was unnecessary in a lymphopenic environment. Therefore, IL-2 enhances competitiveness for survival in CD4(+) T cells, thereby facilitating the development of a memory population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Dooms
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Lohr J, Knoechel B, Jiang S, Sharpe AH, Abbas AK. The inhibitory function of B7 costimulators in T cell responses to foreign and self-antigens. Nat Immunol 2003; 4:664-9. [PMID: 12766766 DOI: 10.1038/ni939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2003] [Accepted: 04/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
When antigen-presenting cells (APCs) encounter inflammatory stimuli, they up-regulate their expression of B7. A small amount of B7 is also constitutively expressed on resting APCs, but its function is unclear. Here we show that initiation of T cell responses requires the expression of B7 on immunizing APCs, but the responses are much greater in the absence of basal B7 expression. Transfer of antigen-specific CD4+CD25+ cells reverses the increased responsiveness, and tolerance to a self-protein is broken by immunization in the absence of basal B7, thereby inducing autoimmunity. Similar loss of self-tolerance is seen on depletion of CD25+ cells. Thus, constitutively expressed B7 costimulators function to suppress T cell activation and maintain self-tolerance, principally by sustaining a population of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lohr
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94143-0511, USA
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Julius P, Luttmann W, Knoechel B, Kroegel C, Matthys H, Virchow JC. CD69 surface expression on human lung eosinophils after segmental allergen provocation. Eur Respir J 1999; 13:1253-9. [PMID: 10445598 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.99.13612609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
CD69 expression on eosinophils is observed in asthma and has been proposed as a marker of eosinophil activation. The role of allergens in the in vivo regulation of CD69 expression on eosinophils, however, remains incompletely understood. It was therefore investigated whether CD69 expression on eosinophils can be induced by allergen provocation in vivo. Ten allergic asthmatics were studied by segmental allergen provocation. Two segments of the right and left lung were challenged with allergen or saline. CD69 expression was determined by flow cytometry and concentrations of interleukins were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Expression of CD69 on BAL eosinophils in the segments lavaged 10 min following saline instillation (28.3+/-8.8 specific mean fluorescence (SMF)) was not significantly different to segments lavaged 10 min after allergen (80.2+/-21.8 SMF) and segments lavaged 18 h after saline challenge (87.2+/-23.3 SMF). However, CD69 expression on eosinophils increased significantly 18 h after allergen challenge (128.6+/-21.9 SMF, p<0.03) which was accompanied by elevated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) concentrations (114.9+/-42.9 pg x mL(-1), p<0.05). CD69 expression on eosinophils and GM-CSF concentrations correlated 18 h following allergen provocation (r = 0.7, p<0.025). These results suggest that in allergic asthma there is an allergen dependent, endobronchial upregulation of eosinophil activation as assessed by CD69 expression on eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Julius
- Dept. of Pneumology, University Medicar Clinic, Freiburg, Germany
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Luttmann W, Knoechel B, Foerster M, Matthys H, Virchow JC, Kroegel C. Activation of human eosinophils by IL-13. Induction of CD69 surface antigen, its relationship to messenger RNA expression, and promotion of cellular viability. J Immunol 1996; 157:1678-83. [PMID: 8759755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of IL-13 on CD69 expression and cell viability in human eosinophils, purified human peripheral blood eosinophils from healthy donors were incubated with increasing concentrations of IL-13. The expression of CD69 was analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS). Surface expression of CD69, which was absent on untreated eosinophils, was induced by IL-13 at concentrations ranging from 1 ng/ml to 1 microgram/ml in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, neutrophils expressed CD69 neither spontaneously nor following incubation with IL-13. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR for CD69 mRNA showed constitutive CD69 mRNA expression in purified human eosinophils. Incubation of eosinophils with IL-13 further increased CD69-specific mRNA. Analysis of intracellularly stored CD69 in eosinophils permeabilized with saponin revealed intracellular binding of anti-CD69 Abs in all isolated eosinophils. After stimulation with 100 ng/ml IL-13 for 24 h, the concentration of intracellular CD69 decreased by 41 +/- 9%. Furthermore, IL-13 at a concentration of 100 ng/ml enhanced eosinophil viability, as assessed by propidium iodide staining after 4 days in culture from 8.6 +/- 5.5% in control medium to 50.7 +/- 6.8% following stimulation with IL-13 treatment. The effect of Il-13 on eosinophil viability as well as that on CD69 expression were both neutralized by anti-IL-13 Abs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that IL-13 specifically activates human eosinophils, as determined by the expression of CD69 cell surface protein and mRNA expression. Furthermore, IL-13 significantly prolongs eosinophil survival in vitro. The data suggest that IL-13 may play a role in the activation of eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Luttmann
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University Clinics, Freiburg, Germany
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40
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Luttmann W, Knoechel B, Foerster M, Matthys H, Virchow JC, Kroegel C. Activation of human eosinophils by IL-13. Induction of CD69 surface antigen, its relationship to messenger RNA expression, and promotion of cellular viability. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.157.4.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
To study the effect of IL-13 on CD69 expression and cell viability in human eosinophils, purified human peripheral blood eosinophils from healthy donors were incubated with increasing concentrations of IL-13. The expression of CD69 was analyzed by flow cytometry (FACS). Surface expression of CD69, which was absent on untreated eosinophils, was induced by IL-13 at concentrations ranging from 1 ng/ml to 1 microgram/ml in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, neutrophils expressed CD69 neither spontaneously nor following incubation with IL-13. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR for CD69 mRNA showed constitutive CD69 mRNA expression in purified human eosinophils. Incubation of eosinophils with IL-13 further increased CD69-specific mRNA. Analysis of intracellularly stored CD69 in eosinophils permeabilized with saponin revealed intracellular binding of anti-CD69 Abs in all isolated eosinophils. After stimulation with 100 ng/ml IL-13 for 24 h, the concentration of intracellular CD69 decreased by 41 +/- 9%. Furthermore, IL-13 at a concentration of 100 ng/ml enhanced eosinophil viability, as assessed by propidium iodide staining after 4 days in culture from 8.6 +/- 5.5% in control medium to 50.7 +/- 6.8% following stimulation with IL-13 treatment. The effect of Il-13 on eosinophil viability as well as that on CD69 expression were both neutralized by anti-IL-13 Abs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that IL-13 specifically activates human eosinophils, as determined by the expression of CD69 cell surface protein and mRNA expression. Furthermore, IL-13 significantly prolongs eosinophil survival in vitro. The data suggest that IL-13 may play a role in the activation of eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Luttmann
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University Clinics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - B Knoechel
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University Clinics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Foerster
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University Clinics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Matthys
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University Clinics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J C Virchow
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University Clinics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Kroegel
- Department of Pneumology, Medical University Clinics, Freiburg, Germany
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