1
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Devkota R, Small JC, Carbone K, Glass MA, Vetere A, Wagner BK. KD025 Is a Casein Kinase 2 Inhibitor That Protects Against Glucolipotoxicity in β-Cells. Diabetes 2024; 73:585-591. [PMID: 38211571 PMCID: PMC10958584 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Glucolipotoxicity (GLT), in which elevated levels of glucose and fatty acids have deleterious effects on β-cell biology, is thought to be one of the major contributors in progression of type 2 diabetes. In search of novel small molecules that protect β-cells against GLT, we previously discovered KD025, an inhibitor of Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinase isoform 2 (ROCK2), as a GLT-protective compound in INS-1E cells and dissociated human islets. To further understand the mechanism of action of KD025, we found that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of ROCK2 was not responsible for the protective effects of KD025 against GLT. Instead, kinase profiling revealed that KD025 potently inhibits catalytic subunits of casein kinase 2 (CK2), a constitutively active serine/threonine kinase. We experimentally verified that the inhibition of one of the catalytic subunits of casein kinase 2, CK2A1, but not CK2A2, improved cell viability when challenged with GLT. We conclude that KD025 inhibits CK2 to protect β-cells from GLT. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Devkota
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jonnell C. Small
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kaycee Carbone
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Michael A. Glass
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
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2
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Basile G, Vetere A, Hu J, Ijaduola O, Zhang Y, Liu KC, Eltony AM, De Jesus DF, Fukuda K, Doherty G, Leech CA, Chepurny OG, Holz GG, Yun SH, Andersson O, Choudhary A, Wagner BK, Kulkarni RN. Excess pancreatic elastase alters acinar-β cell communication by impairing the mechano-signaling and the PAR2 pathways. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1242-1260.e9. [PMID: 37339634 PMCID: PMC10834355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) are caused by a deficit of functional insulin-producing β cells. Thus, the identification of β cell trophic agents could allow the development of therapeutic strategies to counteract diabetes. The discovery of SerpinB1, an elastase inhibitor that promotes human β cell growth, prompted us to hypothesize that pancreatic elastase (PE) regulates β cell viability. Here, we report that PE is up-regulated in acinar cells and in islets from T2D patients, and negatively impacts β cell viability. Using high-throughput screening assays, we identified telaprevir as a potent PE inhibitor that can increase human and rodent β cell viability in vitro and in vivo and improve glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant mice. Phospho-antibody microarrays and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis identified PAR2 and mechano-signaling pathways as potential mediators of PE. Taken together, our work highlights PE as a potential regulator of acinar-β cell crosstalk that acts to limit β cell viability, leading to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Basile
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Ijaduola
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ka-Cheuk Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Amira M Eltony
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kazuki Fukuda
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Grace Doherty
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Colin A Leech
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Oleg G Chepurny
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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3
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Wieder N, Fried JC, Kim C, Sidhom EH, Brown MR, Marshall JL, Arevalo C, Dvela-Levitt M, Kost-Alimova M, Sieber J, Gabriel KR, Pacheco J, Clish C, Abbasi HS, Singh S, Rutter JC, Therrien M, Yoon H, Lai ZW, Baublis A, Subramanian R, Devkota R, Small J, Sreekanth V, Han M, Lim D, Carpenter AE, Flannick J, Finucane H, Haigis MC, Claussnitzer M, Sheu E, Stevens B, Wagner BK, Choudhary A, Shaw JL, Pablo JL, Greka A. FALCON systematically interrogates free fatty acid biology and identifies a novel mediator of lipotoxicity. Cell Metab 2023; 35:887-905.e11. [PMID: 37075753 PMCID: PMC10257950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular exposure to free fatty acids (FFAs) is implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated diseases. However, there are no scalable approaches to comprehensively assess the diverse FFAs circulating in human plasma. Furthermore, assessing how FFA-mediated processes interact with genetic risk for disease remains elusive. Here, we report the design and implementation of fatty acid library for comprehensive ontologies (FALCON), an unbiased, scalable, and multimodal interrogation of 61 structurally diverse FFAs. We identified a subset of lipotoxic monounsaturated fatty acids associated with decreased membrane fluidity. Furthermore, we prioritized genes that reflect the combined effects of harmful FFA exposure and genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). We found that c-MAF-inducing protein (CMIP) protects cells from FFA exposure by modulating Akt signaling. In sum, FALCON empowers the study of fundamental FFA biology and offers an integrative approach to identify much needed targets for diverse diseases associated with disordered FFA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Wieder
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliana Coraor Fried
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Choah Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eriene-Heidi Sidhom
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew R Brown
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Carlos Arevalo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Moran Dvela-Levitt
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Jonas Sieber
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Systems, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Julian Pacheco
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Shantanu Singh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Justine C Rutter
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Haejin Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zon Weng Lai
- Harvard Chan Advanced Multiomics Platform, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron Baublis
- Harvard Chan Advanced Multiomics Platform, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Renuka Subramanian
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ranjan Devkota
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jonnell Small
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vedagopuram Sreekanth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Myeonghoon Han
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Donghyun Lim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Jason Flannick
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hilary Finucane
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Mass General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eric Sheu
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Beth Stevens
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jillian L Shaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Anna Greka
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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4
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Moshkov N, Becker T, Yang K, Horvath P, Dancik V, Wagner BK, Clemons PA, Singh S, Carpenter AE, Caicedo JC. Predicting compound activity from phenotypic profiles and chemical structures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1967. [PMID: 37031208 PMCID: PMC10082762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting assay results for compounds virtually using chemical structures and phenotypic profiles has the potential to reduce the time and resources of screens for drug discovery. Here, we evaluate the relative strength of three high-throughput data sources-chemical structures, imaging (Cell Painting), and gene-expression profiles (L1000)-to predict compound bioactivity using a historical collection of 16,170 compounds tested in 270 assays for a total of 585,439 readouts. All three data modalities can predict compound activity for 6-10% of assays, and in combination they predict 21% of assays with high accuracy, which is a 2 to 3 times higher success rate than using a single modality alone. In practice, the accuracy of predictors could be lower and still be useful, increasing the assays that can be predicted from 37% with chemical structures alone up to 64% when combined with phenotypic data. Our study shows that unbiased phenotypic profiling can be leveraged to enhance compound bioactivity prediction to accelerate the early stages of the drug-discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Moshkov
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tim Becker
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | - Vlado Dancik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
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5
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Dahlin JL, Hua BK, Zucconi BE, Nelson SD, Singh S, Carpenter AE, Shrimp JH, Lima-Fernandes E, Wawer MJ, Chung LPW, Agrawal A, O'Reilly M, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Szewczyk M, Li F, Lak P, Cuellar M, Cole PA, Meier JL, Thomas T, Baell JB, Brown PJ, Walters MA, Clemons PA, Schreiber SL, Wagner BK. Reference compounds for characterizing cellular injury in high-content cellular morphology assays. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1364. [PMID: 36914634 PMCID: PMC10011410 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust, generalizable approaches to identify compounds efficiently with undesirable mechanisms of action in complex cellular assays remain elusive. Such a process would be useful for hit triage during high-throughput screening and, ultimately, predictive toxicology during drug development. Here we generate cell painting and cellular health profiles for 218 prototypical cytotoxic and nuisance compounds in U-2 OS cells in a concentration-response format. A diversity of compounds that cause cellular damage produces bioactive cell painting morphologies, including cytoskeletal poisons, genotoxins, nonspecific electrophiles, and redox-active compounds. Further, we show that lower quality lysine acetyltransferase inhibitors and nonspecific electrophiles can be distinguished from more selective counterparts. We propose that the purposeful inclusion of cytotoxic and nuisance reference compounds such as those profiled in this resource will help with assay optimization and compound prioritization in complex cellular assays like cell painting.
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Grants
- R35 GM127045 NIGMS NIH HHS
- U01 CA272612 NCI NIH HHS
- T32 HL007627 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R37 GM062437 NIGMS NIH HHS
- S10 OD026839 NIH HHS
- R35 GM122481 NIGMS NIH HHS
- U01 DK123717 NIDDK NIH HHS
- Wellcome Trust
- R35 GM122547 NIGMS NIH HHS
- U01 CA217848 NCI NIH HHS
- K99 GM124357 NIGMS NIH HHS
- R35 GM149229 NIGMS NIH HHS
- This study was supported by the Ono Pharma Breakthrough Science Initiative Award (to BKW). Authors acknowledge the following financial support: JLD (NIH NHLBI, T32-HL007627); BKH (National Science Foundation, DGE1144152 and DGE1745303); BEZ (NIH NIGMS, K99-GM124357); SDN (Harvard University’s Graduate Prize Fellowship, Eli Lilly Graduate Fellowship in Chemistry); PA Cole (NIH NIGMS, R37-GM62437); SLS (NIGMS, R35-GM127045); BKW (Ono Pharma Foundation; NIH NIDDK, U01-DK123717); SS (NIH NIGMS, R35-GM122547). The authors gratefully acknowledge the use of the Opera Phenix High-Content/High-Throughput imaging system at the Broad Institute, funded by the NIH S10 grant OD026839. This research was supported in part by the Intramural/Extramural research program of the NCATS, NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme L Dahlin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Bruce K Hua
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beth E Zucconi
- Division of Genetics, Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan H Shrimp
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Mathias J Wawer
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence P W Chung
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ayushi Agrawal
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Magdalena Szewczyk
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Parnian Lak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quantitative Biology Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Cuellar
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordan L Meier
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tim Thomas
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- Medicinal Chemistry Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Wieder N, Fried JC, Kim C, Sidhom EH, Brown MR, Marshall JL, Arevalo C, Dvela-Levitt M, Kost-Alimova M, Sieber J, Gabriel KR, Pacheco J, Clish C, Abbasi HS, Singh S, Rutter J, Therrien M, Yoon H, Lai ZW, Baublis A, Subramanian R, Devkota R, Small J, Sreekanth V, Han M, Lim D, Carpenter AE, Flannick J, Finucane H, Haigis MC, Claussnitzer M, Sheu E, Stevens B, Wagner BK, Choudhary A, Shaw JL, Pablo JL, Greka A. FALCON systematically interrogates free fatty acid biology and identifies a novel mediator of lipotoxicity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.19.529127. [PMID: 36865221 PMCID: PMC9979987 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.19.529127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellular exposure to free fatty acids (FFA) is implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated diseases. However, studies to date have assumed that a few select FFAs are representative of broad structural categories, and there are no scalable approaches to comprehensively assess the biological processes induced by exposure to diverse FFAs circulating in human plasma. Furthermore, assessing how these FFA- mediated processes interact with genetic risk for disease remains elusive. Here we report the design and implementation of FALCON (Fatty Acid Library for Comprehensive ONtologies) as an unbiased, scalable and multimodal interrogation of 61 structurally diverse FFAs. We identified a subset of lipotoxic monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) with a distinct lipidomic profile associated with decreased membrane fluidity. Furthermore, we developed a new approach to prioritize genes that reflect the combined effects of exposure to harmful FFAs and genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Importantly, we found that c-MAF inducing protein (CMIP) protects cells from exposure to FFAs by modulating Akt signaling and we validated the role of CMIP in human pancreatic beta cells. In sum, FALCON empowers the study of fundamental FFA biology and offers an integrative approach to identify much needed targets for diverse diseases associated with disordered FFA metabolism. Highlights FALCON (Fatty Acid Library for Comprehensive ONtologies) enables multimodal profiling of 61 free fatty acids (FFAs) to reveal 5 FFA clusters with distinct biological effectsFALCON is applicable to many and diverse cell typesA subset of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) equally or more toxic than canonical lipotoxic saturated FAs (SFAs) leads to decreased membrane fluidityNew approach prioritizes genes that represent the combined effects of environmental (FFA) exposure and genetic risk for diseaseC-Maf inducing protein (CMIP) is identified as a suppressor of FFA-induced lipotoxicity via Akt-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Wieder
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliana Coraor Fried
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Choah Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Eriene-Heidi Sidhom
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Moran Dvela-Levitt
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Jonas Sieber
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Systems, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | - Justine Rutter
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Haejin Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zon Weng Lai
- Harvard Chan Advanced Multiomics Platform, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Aaron Baublis
- Harvard Chan Advanced Multiomics Platform, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Renuka Subramanian
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranjan Devkota
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonnell Small
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vedagopuram Sreekanth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Donghyun Lim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - Jason Flannick
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilary Finucane
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Mass General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia C. Haigis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Sheu
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth Stevens
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Greka
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Lead Contact
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7
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Lim D, Zhou Q, Cox KJ, Law BK, Lee M, Kokkonda P, Sreekanth V, Pergu R, Chaudhary SK, Gangopadhyay SA, Maji B, Lai S, Amako Y, Thompson DB, Subramanian HKK, Mesleh MF, Dančík V, Clemons PA, Wagner BK, Woo CM, Church GM, Choudhary A. A general approach to identify cell-permeable and synthetic anti-CRISPR small molecules. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1766-1775. [PMID: 36396978 PMCID: PMC9891305 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The need to control the activity and fidelity of CRISPR-associated nucleases has resulted in a demand for inhibitory anti-CRISPR molecules. The small-molecule inhibitor discovery platforms available at present are not generalizable to multiple nuclease classes, only target the initial step in the catalytic activity and require high concentrations of nuclease, resulting in inhibitors with suboptimal attributes, including poor potency. Here we report a high-throughput discovery pipeline consisting of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay that is generalizable to contemporary and emerging nucleases, operates at low nuclease concentrations and targets all catalytic steps. We applied this pipeline to identify BRD7586, a cell-permeable small-molecule inhibitor of SpCas9 that is twofold more potent than other inhibitors identified to date. Furthermore, unlike the reported inhibitors, BRD7586 enhanced SpCas9 specificity and its activity was independent of the genomic loci, DNA-repair pathway or mode of nuclease delivery. Overall, these studies describe a general pipeline to identify inhibitors of contemporary and emerging CRISPR-associated nucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Lim
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Qingxuan Zhou
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kurt J Cox
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin K Law
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miseon Lee
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Praveen Kokkonda
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vedagopuram Sreekanth
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajaiah Pergu
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Santosh K Chaudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soumyashree A Gangopadhyay
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Basudeb Maji
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Lai
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuka Amako
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David B Thompson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hari K K Subramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Mesleh
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vlado Dančík
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - George M Church
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Casteels T, Bajew S, Reiniš J, Enders L, Schuster M, Fontaine F, Müller AC, Wagner BK, Bock C, Kubicek S. SMNDC1 links chromatin remodeling and splicing to regulate pancreatic hormone expression. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111288. [PMID: 36044849 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin expression is primarily restricted to the pancreatic β cells, which are physically or functionally depleted in diabetes. Identifying targetable pathways repressing insulin in non-β cells, particularly in the developmentally related glucagon-secreting α cells, is an important aim of regenerative medicine. Here, we perform an RNA interference screen in a murine α cell line to identify silencers of insulin expression. We discover that knockdown of the splicing factor Smndc1 triggers a global repression of α cell gene-expression programs in favor of increased β cell markers. Mechanistically, Smndc1 knockdown upregulates the β cell transcription factor Pdx1 by modulating the activities of the BAF and Atrx chromatin remodeling complexes. SMNDC1's repressive role is conserved in human pancreatic islets, its loss triggering enhanced insulin secretion and PDX1 expression. Our study identifies Smndc1 as a key factor connecting splicing and chromatin remodeling to the control of insulin expression in human and mouse islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Casteels
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Bajew
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiří Reiniš
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lennart Enders
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frédéric Fontaine
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - André C Müller
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Basile G, Qadir MMF, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Vetere A, Shoba V, Modell AE, Pastori RL, Russ HA, Wagner BK, Dominguez-Bendala J. Emerging diabetes therapies: Bringing back the β-cells. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101477. [PMID: 35331962 PMCID: PMC8987999 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell therapies are finally coming of age as a viable alternative to pancreatic islet transplantation for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes. Several clinical trials using human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived β-like cells are currently underway, with encouraging preliminary results. Remaining challenges notwithstanding, these strategies are widely expected to reduce our reliance on human isolated islets for transplantation procedures, making cell therapies available to millions of diabetic patients. At the same time, advances in our understanding of pancreatic cell plasticity and the molecular mechanisms behind β-cell replication and regeneration have spawned a multitude of translational efforts aimed at inducing β-cell replenishment in situ through pharmacological means, thus circumventing the need for transplantation. SCOPE OF REVIEW We discuss here the current state of the art in hESC transplantation, as well as the parallel quest to discover agents capable of either preserving the residual mass of β-cells or inducing their proliferation, transdifferentiation or differentiation from progenitor cells. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Stem cell-based replacement therapies in the mold of islet transplantation are already around the corner, but a permanent cure for type 1 diabetes will likely require the endogenous regeneration of β-cells aided by interventions to restore the immune balance. The promise of current research avenues and a strong pipeline of clinical trials designed to tackle these challenges bode well for the realization of this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Basile
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M M F Qadir
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - F Mauvais-Jarvis
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A Vetere
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V Shoba
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - R L Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - H A Russ
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Colorado University Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | | | - J Dominguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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10
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Small J, Joblin-Mills A, Carbone K, Kost-Alimova M, Ayukawa K, Khodier C, Dancik V, Clemons PA, Munkacsi AB, Wagner BK. Phenotypic Screening for Small Molecules that Protect β-Cells from Glucolipotoxicity. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1131-1142. [PMID: 35439415 PMCID: PMC9127801 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is marked by progressive β-cell failure, leading to loss of β-cell mass. Increased levels of circulating glucose and free fatty acids associated with obesity lead to β-cell glucolipotoxicity. There are currently no therapeutic options to address this facet of β-cell loss in obese type 2 diabetes patients. To identify small molecules capable of protecting β-cells, we performed a high-throughput screen of 20,876 compounds in the rat insulinoma cell line INS-1E in the presence of elevated glucose and palmitate. We found 312 glucolipotoxicity-protective small molecules (1.49% hit rate) capable of restoring INS-1E viability, and we focused on 17 with known biological targets. 16 of the 17 compounds were kinase inhibitors with activity against specific families including but not limited to cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), PI-3 kinase (PI3K), Janus kinase (JAK), and Rho-associated kinase 2 (ROCK2). 7 of the 16 kinase inhibitors were PI3K inhibitors. Validation studies in dissociated human islets identified 10 of the 17 compounds, namely, KD025, ETP-45658, BMS-536924, AT-9283, PF-03814735, torin-2, AZD5438, CP-640186, ETP-46464, and GSK2126458 that reduced glucolipotoxicity-induced β-cell death. These 10 compounds decreased markers of glucolipotoxicity including caspase activation, mitochondrial depolarization, and increased calcium flux. Together, these results provide a path forward toward identifying novel treatments to preserve β-cell viability in the face of glucolipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonnell
C. Small
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Chemistry
Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Aidan Joblin-Mills
- School
of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Kaycee Carbone
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Maria Kost-Alimova
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kumiko Ayukawa
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- JT
Pharmaceuticals Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Osaka, Japan
| | - Carol Khodier
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Vlado Dancik
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paul A. Clemons
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andrew B. Munkacsi
- School
of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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11
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Wagner BK, Dey M. Chemical strategies to understand and manipulate host-pathogen interactions. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:711-712. [PMID: 35594847 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Wagner BK. Small-molecule discovery in the pancreatic beta cell. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 68:102150. [PMID: 35487100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic beta cell is the only cell type in the body responsible for insulin secretion, and thus plays a unique role in the control of glucose homeostasis. The loss of beta-cell mass and function plays an important role in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Thus, using chemical biology to identify small molecules targeting the beta cell could be an important component to developing future therapeutics for diabetes. This strategy provides an attractive path toward increasing beta-cell numbers in vivo. A regenerative strategy involves enhancing proliferation, differentiation, or neogenesis. On the other hand, protecting beta cells from cell death, or improving maturity and function, could preserve beta-cell mass. Here, we discuss the current state of chemical matter available to study beta-cell regeneration, and how they were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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13
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Negi V, Yang J, Speyer G, Pulgarin A, Handen A, Zhao J, Tai YY, Tang Y, Culley MK, Yu Q, Forsythe P, Gorelova A, Watson AM, Al Aaraj Y, Satoh T, Sharifi-Sanjani M, Rajaratnam A, Sembrat J, Provencher S, Yin X, Vargas SO, Rojas M, Bonnet S, Torrino S, Wagner BK, Schreiber SL, Dai M, Bertero T, Al Ghouleh I, Kim S, Chan SY. Computational repurposing of therapeutic small molecules from cancer to pulmonary hypertension. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabh3794. [PMID: 34669463 PMCID: PMC8528428 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh3794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapies are being considered for treating rare noncancerous diseases like pulmonary hypertension (PH), but effective computational screening is lacking. Via transcriptomic differential dependency analyses leveraging parallels between cancer and PH, we mapped a landscape of cancer drug functions dependent upon rewiring of PH gene clusters. Bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) protein inhibitors were predicted to rely upon several gene clusters inclusive of galectin-8 (LGALS8). Correspondingly, LGALS8 was found to mediate the BET inhibitor–dependent control of endothelial apoptosis, an essential role for PH in vivo. Separately, a piperlongumine analog’s actions were predicted to depend upon the iron-sulfur biogenesis gene ISCU. Correspondingly, the analog was found to inhibit ISCU glutathionylation, rescuing oxidative metabolism, decreasing endothelial apoptosis, and improving PH. Thus, we identified crucial drug-gene axes central to endothelial dysfunction and therapeutic priorities for PH. These results establish a wide-ranging, network dependency platform to redefine cancer drugs for use in noncancerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinny Negi
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jimin Yang
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gil Speyer
- Research Computing, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Andres Pulgarin
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam Handen
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jingsi Zhao
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi Yin Tai
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Miranda K. Culley
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qiujun Yu
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Forsythe
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anastasia Gorelova
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Annie M. Watson
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yassmin Al Aaraj
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Taijyu Satoh
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University of Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, 980-8574 Sendai, Japan
| | - Maryam Sharifi-Sanjani
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arun Rajaratnam
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Xianglin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sara O. Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University; Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Thomas Bertero
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Imad Al Ghouleh
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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14
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Coussens NP, Auld DS, Thielman JR, Wagner BK, Dahlin JL. Addressing Compound Reactivity and Aggregation Assay Interferences: Case Studies of Biochemical High-Throughput Screening Campaigns Benefiting from the National Institutes of Health Assay Guidance Manual Guidelines. SLAS Discov 2021; 26:1280-1290. [PMID: 34218710 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211026239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Compound-dependent assay interferences represent a continued burden in drug and chemical probe discovery. The open-source National Institutes of Health/National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NIH/NCATS) Assay Guidance Manual (AGM) established an "Assay Artifacts and Interferences" section to address different sources of artifacts and interferences in biological assays. In addition to the frequent introduction of new chapters in this important topic area, older chapters are periodically updated by experts from academia, industry, and government to include new technologies and practices. Section chapters describe many best practices for mitigating and identifying compound-dependent assay interferences. Using two previously reported biochemical high-throughput screening campaigns for small-molecule inhibitors of the epigenetic targets Rtt109 and NSD2, the authors review best practices and direct readers to high-yield resources in the AGM and elsewhere for the mitigation and identification of compound-dependent reactivity and aggregation assay interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Coussens
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratories, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis Laboratory Support, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Douglas S Auld
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Thielman
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jayme L Dahlin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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15
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Kaddis JS, Rouse L, Parent AV, Saunders DC, Shalev A, Stabler CL, Stoffers DA, Wagner BK, Niland JC. From type 1 diabetes biology to therapy: The Human Islet Research Network. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101283. [PMID: 34224917 PMCID: PMC8711046 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John S Kaddis
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Layla Rouse
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Audrey V Parent
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anath Shalev
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cherie L Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Doris A Stoffers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joyce C Niland
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Discovery Science, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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16
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Clemons PA, Bittker JA, Wagner FF, Hands A, Dančík V, Schreiber SL, Choudhary A, Wagner BK. The Use of Informer Sets in Screening: Perspectives on an Efficient Strategy to Identify New Probes. SLAS Discov 2021; 26:855-861. [PMID: 34130532 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211019410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule discovery typically involves large-scale screening campaigns, spanning multiple compound collections. However, such activities can be cost- or time-prohibitive, especially when using complex assay systems, limiting the number of compounds tested. Further, low hit rates can make the process inefficient. Sparse coverage of chemical structure or biological activity space can lead to limited success in a primary screen and represents a missed opportunity by virtue of selecting the "wrong" compounds to test. Thus, the choice of screening collections becomes of paramount importance. In this perspective, we discuss the utility of generating "informer sets" for small-molecule discovery, and how this strategy can be leveraged to prioritize probe candidates. While many researchers may assume that informer sets are focused on particular targets (e.g., kinases) or processes (e.g., autophagy), efforts to assemble informer sets based on historical bioactivity or successful human exposure (e.g., repurposing collections) have shown promise as well. Another method for generating informer sets is based on chemical structure, particularly when the compounds have unknown activities and targets. We describe our efforts to screen an informer set representing a collection of 100,000 small molecules synthesized through diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS). This process enables researchers to identify activity early and more extensively screen only a few chemical scaffolds, rather than the entire collection. This elegant and economic outcome is a goal of the informer set approach. Here, we aim not only to shed light on this process, but also to promote the use of informer sets more widely in small-molecule discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Clemons
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua A Bittker
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florence F Wagner
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Allison Hands
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vlado Dančík
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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17
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Dahlin JL, Auld DS, Rothenaigner I, Haney S, Sexton JZ, Nissink JWM, Walsh J, Lee JA, Strelow JM, Willard FS, Ferrins L, Baell JB, Walters MA, Hua BK, Hadian K, Wagner BK. Nuisance compounds in cellular assays. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:356-370. [PMID: 33592188 PMCID: PMC7979533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that exhibit assay interference or undesirable mechanisms of bioactivity ("nuisance compounds") are routinely encountered in cellular assays, including phenotypic and high-content screening assays. Much is known regarding compound-dependent assay interferences in cell-free assays. However, despite the essential role of cellular assays in chemical biology and drug discovery, there is considerably less known about nuisance compounds in more complex cell-based assays. In our view, a major obstacle to realizing the full potential of chemical biology will not just be difficult-to-drug targets or even the sheer number of targets, but rather nuisance compounds, due to their ability to waste significant resources and erode scientific trust. In this review, we summarize our collective academic, government, and industry experiences regarding cellular nuisance compounds. We describe assay design strategies to mitigate the impact of nuisance compounds and suggest best practices to efficiently address these compounds in complex biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme L Dahlin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Douglas S Auld
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ina Rothenaigner
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Steve Haney
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Sexton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Jarrod Walsh
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lori Ferrins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael A Walters
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
| | - Bruce K Hua
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
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18
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Hahn WC, Bader JS, Braun TP, Califano A, Clemons PA, Druker BJ, Ewald AJ, Fu H, Jagu S, Kemp CJ, Kim W, Kuo CJ, McManus M, B Mills G, Mo X, Sahni N, Schreiber SL, Talamas JA, Tamayo P, Tyner JW, Wagner BK, Weiss WA, Gerhard DS. An expanded universe of cancer targets. Cell 2021; 184:1142-1155. [PMID: 33667368 PMCID: PMC8066437 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of cancer genomes has provided insight into somatically altered genes across tumors, transformed our understanding of cancer biology, and enabled tailoring of therapeutic strategies. However, the function of most cancer alleles remains mysterious, and many cancer features transcend their genomes. Consequently, tumor genomic characterization does not influence therapy for most patients. Approaches to understand the function and circuitry of cancer genes provide complementary approaches to elucidate both oncogene and non-oncogene dependencies. Emerging work indicates that the diversity of therapeutic targets engendered by non-oncogene dependencies is much larger than the list of recurrently mutated genes. Here we describe a framework for this expanded list of cancer targets, providing novel opportunities for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Hahn
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joel S Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theodore P Braun
- Knight Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Biomedical Informatics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, and Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Subhashini Jagu
- Office of Cancer Genomics, Center for Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Kemp
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William Kim
- Moores Cancer Center, Center for Novel Therapeutics and Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Hematology Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF Diabetes Center, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xiulei Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, USA
| | | | - Jessica A Talamas
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pablo Tamayo
- Moores Cancer Center, Center for Novel Therapeutics and Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University and Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - William A Weiss
- Departments of Neurology, Neurological Surgery, Pediatrics, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniela S Gerhard
- Office of Cancer Genomics, Center for Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Wagner BK, Dey M. Phenotypic approaches to small-molecule discovery in chemical biology. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:245. [PMID: 33740431 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Kahraman S, Manna D, Dirice E, Maji B, Small J, Wagner BK, Choudhary A, Kulkarni RN. Harnessing reaction-based probes to preferentially target pancreatic β-cells and β-like cells. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/4/e202000840. [PMID: 33514654 PMCID: PMC7898467 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly sensitive approaches to target insulin-expressing cells would allow more effective imaging, sorting, and analysis of pancreatic β-cells. Here, we introduce the use of a reaction-based probe, diacetylated Zinpyr1 (DA-ZP1), to image pancreatic β-cells and β-like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. We harness the high intracellular zinc concentration of β-cells to induce a fluorescence signal in cells after administration of DA-ZP1. Given its specificity and rapid uptake by cells, we used DA-ZP1 to purify live stem cell-derived β-like cells as confirmed by immunostaining analysis. We tested the ability of DA-ZP1 to image transplanted human islet grafts and endogenous mouse pancreatic islets in vivo after its systemic administration into mice. Thus, DA-ZP1 enables purification of insulin-secreting β-like cells for downstream applications, such as functional studies, gene-expression, and cell-cell interaction analyses and can be used to label engrafted human islets and endogenous mouse islets in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debasish Manna
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Basudeb Maji
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonnell Small
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Yang K, Lee M, Jones PA, Liu SS, Zhou A, Xu J, Sreekanth V, Wu JLY, Vo L, Lee EA, Pop R, Lee Y, Wagner BK, Melton DA, Choudhary A, Karp JM. A 3D culture platform enables development of zinc-binding prodrugs for targeted proliferation of β cells. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabc3207. [PMID: 33208361 PMCID: PMC7673808 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in treating β cell loss include islet replacement therapies or increasing cell proliferation rate in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. We propose developing multiple proliferation-inducing prodrugs that target high concentration of zinc ions in β cells. Unfortunately, typical two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures do not mimic in vivo conditions, displaying a markedly lowered zinc content, while 3D culture systems are laborious and expensive. Therefore, we developed the Disque Platform (DP)-a high-fidelity culture system where stem cell-derived β cells are reaggregated into thin, 3D discs within 2D 96-well plates. We validated the DP against standard 2D and 3D cultures and interrogated our zinc-activated prodrugs, which release their cargo upon zinc chelation-so preferentially in β cells. Through developing a reliable screening platform that bridges the advantages of 2D and 3D culture systems, we identified an effective hit that exhibits 2.4-fold increase in β cell proliferation compared to harmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisuk Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Miseon Lee
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Anthony Jones
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sophie S Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Angela Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vedagopuram Sreekanth
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie L Y Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lillian Vo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eunjee A Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ramona Pop
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yuhan Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Center for Nanomedicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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22
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Dahlby T, Simon C, Backe MB, Dahllöf MS, Holson E, Wagner BK, Böni-Schnetzler M, Marzec MT, Lundh M, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) Mediates Glucolipotoxicity-Induced Apoptosis in β-Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218016. [PMID: 33137873 PMCID: PMC7672588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) prevents glucolipotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis by alleviation of proapoptotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-signaling, but the precise molecular mechanisms of alleviation are unexplored. By unbiased microarray analysis of the β-cell gene expression profile of insulin-producing cells exposed to glucolipotoxicity in the presence or absence of a selective HDAC3 inhibitor, we identified Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as the sole target candidate. β-Cells were protected against glucolipotoxicity-induced ER stress and apoptosis by EZH2 attenuation. Small molecule inhibitors of EZH2 histone methyltransferase activity rescued human islets from glucolipotoxicity-induced apoptosis. Moreover, EZH2 knockdown cells were protected against glucolipotoxicity-induced downregulation of the protective non-canonical Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NFκB) pathway. We conclude that EZH2 deficiency protects from glucolipotoxicity-induced ER stress, apoptosis and downregulation of the non-canonical NFκB pathway, but not from insulin secretory dysfunction. The mechanism likely involves transcriptional regulation via EZH2 functioning as a methyltransferase and/or as a methylation-dependent transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Dahlby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.D.); (M.B.B.); (M.S.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Christian Simon
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Marie Balslev Backe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.D.); (M.B.B.); (M.S.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Mattias Salling Dahllöf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.D.); (M.B.B.); (M.S.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Edward Holson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (E.H.); (B.K.W.)
| | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (E.H.); (B.K.W.)
| | - Marianne Böni-Schnetzler
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Michal Tomasz Marzec
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.D.); (M.B.B.); (M.S.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Morten Lundh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.D.); (M.B.B.); (M.S.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.L.)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (E.H.); (B.K.W.)
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (T.D.); (M.B.B.); (M.S.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-30-33-03-87
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23
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Lim D, Sreekanth V, Cox KJ, Law BK, Wagner BK, Karp JM, Choudhary A. Engineering designer beta cells with a CRISPR-Cas9 conjugation platform. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4043. [PMID: 32792475 PMCID: PMC7426819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically fusing protein domains to Cas9 has yielded several transformative technologies; however, the genetic modifications are limited to natural polypeptide chains at the Cas9 termini, which excludes a diverse array of molecules useful for gene editing. Here, we report chemical modifications that allow site-specific and multiple-site conjugation of a wide assortment of molecules on both the termini and internal sites of Cas9, creating a platform for endowing Cas9 with diverse functions. Using this platform, Cas9 can be modified to more precisely incorporate exogenously supplied single-stranded oligonucleotide donor (ssODN) at the DNA break site. We demonstrate that the multiple-site conjugation of ssODN to Cas9 significantly increases the efficiency of precision genome editing, and such a platform is compatible with ssODNs of diverse lengths. By leveraging the conjugation platform, we successfully engineer INS-1E, a β-cell line, to repurpose the insulin secretion machinery, which enables the glucose-dependent secretion of protective immunomodulatory factor interleukin-10. Cas9 fusions partners are often limited to natural polypeptide chains at the Cas9 termni. Here the authors present a platform for site-specific and multiple-site conjugation to both termini and internal sites of Cas9, and they apply this platform to efficiently engineer insulin-producing β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Lim
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vedagopuram Sreekanth
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kurt J Cox
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin K Law
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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24
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Park RM, Cramer MC, Wagner BK, Turner P, Moraes LE, Viscardi AV, Coetzee JF, Pairis-Garcia MD. A comparison of behavioural methodologies utilised to quantify deviations in piglet behaviour associated with castration. Anim Welf 2020. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.29.3.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Surgical castration is a painful procedure that is routinely performed without pain relief on commercial pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) farms. Previous research has focused on quantifying piglet pain response through behaviours. However, to date, behavioural sampling methodologies
used to quantify pain associated with castration have not been validated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to validate scan sampling methodologies (2-min, 3-min, 5-min, 10-min and 15-min intervals) to quantify piglet pain responses expressed by castrated piglets behaviour. A total
of 39 Yorkshire-Landrace × Duroc male piglets (five days of age) were surgically castrated using a scalpel blade. Behaviour frequency and duration (scratching, spasms, stiffness, tail wagging and trembling) of each piglet were continuously collected for the first 15 min of the following
hours relative to castration (–24, 1–8 and 24). To determine if the sampling interval accurately reflected true duration and frequency for each behaviour, as determined by continuous observation, criteria previously utilised from other behavioural validation studies were used:
coefficient of determination above 0.9, slope not statistically different from one and intercept not statistically different from zero. No scan sampling interval provided accurate estimates for any behavioural indicators of pain. The results of this study suggest that continuous sampling is
the most appropriate methodology to fully capture behaviour specific to pain associated with castration. Using validated behavioural methodologies in future research can assist in the development of objective, science-based protocols for managing pig pain.
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Wenner BA, Wagner BK, St-Pierre NR, Yu ZT, Firkins JL. Inhibition of methanogenesis by nitrate, with or without defaunation, in continuous culture. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7124-7140. [PMID: 32600762 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Within the rumen, nitrate can serve as an alternative sink for aqueous hydrogen [H2(aq)] accumulating during fermentation, producing nitrite, which ideally is further reduced to ammonium but can accumulate under conditions not yet explained. Defaunation has also been associated with decreased methanogenesis in meta-analyses because protozoa contribute significantly to H2 production. In the present study, we applied a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to dual-flow continuous culture fermentors (n = 4). Treatments were control without nitrate (-NO3-) versus with nitrate (+NO3-; 1.5% of diet dry matter), factorialized with normal protozoa (faunated, FAUN) versus defaunation (DEF) by decreasing the temperature moderately and changing filters over the first 4 d of incubation. We detected no main effects of DEF or interaction of faunation status with +NO3-. The main effect of +NO3- increased H2(aq) by 11.0 µM (+117%) compared with -NO3-. The main effect of +NO3- also decreased daily CH4 production by 8.17 mmol CH4/d (31%) compared with -NO3-. Because there were no treatment effects on neutral detergent fiber digestibility, the main effect of +NO3- also decreased CH4 production by 1.43 mmol of CH4/g of neutral detergent fiber degraded compared with -NO3-. There were no effects of treatment on other nutrient digestibilities, N flow, or microbial N flow per gram of nutrient digested. The spike in H2(aq) after feeding NO3- provides evidence that methanogenesis is inhibited by substrate access rather than concentration, regardless of defaunation, or by direct inhibition of NO2-. Methanogens were not decreased by defaunation, suggesting a compensatory increase in non-protozoa-associated methanogens or an insignificant contribution of protozoa-associated methanogens. Despite adaptive reduction of NO3- to NH4+ and methane inhibition in continuous culture, practical considerations such as potential to depress dry matter intake and on-farm ration variability should be addressed before considering NO3- as an avenue for greater sustainability of greenhouse gas emissions in US dairy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Wenner
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
| | - B K Wagner
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - N R St-Pierre
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - Z T Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - J L Firkins
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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26
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Wagner BK, Relling AE, Kieffer JD, Moraes LE, Parker AJ. Short communication: pharmacokinetics of oxytocin administered intranasally to beef cattle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 71:106387. [PMID: 31830691 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Providing the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin intranasally increased concentrations in plasma and cerebral spinal fluid in humans and primates, respectively. This is of interest because of the documented anxiolytic effects of oxytocin observed in humans and rodents. To date, a transnasal approach of hormone administration has not been investigated in beef cattle. Defining the pharmacokinetics of intranasal oxytocin in cattle is necessary for determining optimum sampling and dosing timelines for future investigations. Five, weaned Bos taurus steers were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments included 1) 0.33 IU oxytocin/kg BW (A, n = 5), 2) 0.66 IU oxytocin/kg BW (B, n = 5), and 3) 1.32 IU oxytocin/kg BW (C, n = 5). Steers were acclimated to handling and restraint procedures for 4 wk leading up to the start of the experiment. Frequent blood collection occurred every 2 min for the first 30 min and every 5 min for the second 30 min, relative to administration of intranasal treatment. No treatment by time interaction was detected; however, there was an effect of time (P < 0.001) and treatment (P = 0.002) on oxytocin concentrations over time. Pharmacokinetic parameters, determined by PKSolver excel add-in, demonstrated an average maximum concentration (CMAX) of 63.3 pg/mL at 3.5 min after intranasal dose administration. An average half-life (T1/2) of 12.1 min after intranasal administration was determined. Pharmacokinetic parameters to a single bolus were not dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Wagner
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 46691, USA
| | - A E Relling
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 46691, USA
| | - J D Kieffer
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - L E Moraes
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - A J Parker
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 46691, USA.
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Lee M, Maji B, Manna D, Kahraman S, Elgamal RM, Small J, Kokkonda P, Vetere A, Goldberg JM, Lippard SJ, Kulkarni RN, Wagner BK, Choudhary A. Native Zinc Catalyzes Selective and Traceless Release of Small Molecules in β-Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6477-6482. [PMID: 32175731 PMCID: PMC7146867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The loss of insulin-producing β-cells
is the central pathological
event in type 1 and 2 diabetes, which has led to efforts to identify
molecules to promote β-cell proliferation, protection, and imaging.
However, the lack of β-cell specificity of these molecules jeopardizes
their therapeutic potential. A general platform for selective release
of small-molecule cargoes in β-cells over other islet cells ex vivo or other cell-types in an organismal context will
be immensely valuable in advancing diabetes research and therapeutic
development. Here, we leverage the unusually high Zn(II) concentration
in β-cells to develop a Zn(II)-based prodrug system to selectively
and tracelessly deliver bioactive small molecules and fluorophores
to β-cells. The Zn(II)-targeting mechanism enriches the inactive
cargo in β-cells as compared to other pancreatic cells; importantly,
Zn(II)-mediated hydrolysis triggers cargo activation. This prodrug
system, with modular components that allow for fine-tuning selectivity,
should enable the safer and more effective targeting of β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miseon Lee
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Basudeb Maji
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Debasish Manna
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell InstituteHarvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Ruth M Elgamal
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonnell Small
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Praveen Kokkonda
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jacob M Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell InstituteHarvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Chemical Biology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Wagner BK, Relling AE, Kieffer JD, Parker AJ. Intranasal oxytocin treatment does not attenuate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in beef heifers subjected to isolation stress or restraint and isolation stress. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 70:106379. [PMID: 31479924 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the physiological, psychological, and behavioral manifestations of stress have been observed in association with increases in circulating oxytocin (OXT). Providing OXT intranasally has been shown to attenuate stressor-induced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation in humans and rodents; however, anxiolytic effects may be context and species specific. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of intranasal OXT supplementation on stressor-induced activation of the HPA axis in beef cattle. We hypothesized that OXT would attenuate activation of the HPA axis, ultimately decreasing plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Twenty-eight Bos taurus heifers were blocked by bodyweight and randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: (1) saline, isolated, standing, and unrestrained (S-isolation stress [IS], 0.015 mL/kg BW 0.9% isotonic saline, n = 7); (2) saline, isolated, and restrained (S-restraint and isolation stress [RIS]; 0.015 mL/kg BW 0.9% isotonic saline; n = 7); (3) OXT, IS (OXT-IS, 0.3 IU/kg BW oxytocin; n = 7); and (4) OXT and RIS (OXT-RIS, 0.3 IU/kg BW oxytocin; n = 7). Oxytocin and saline were administered intranasally. Intranasal treatments were given followed by a waiting time of 30 min when each of the stress treatments was applied for 2 h. Blood samples were collected via jugular catheters directly after stressor application and every 10 min thereafter, for 2 h. Cortisol concentrations increased over time in animals exposed to RIS (P < 0.01) and decreased over time in animals exposed to IS (P < 0.01). Concentrations of ACTH decreased over time for the IS-treated heifers but remained elevated for the RIS-treated heifers (P < 0.01). Under the conditions of the present study, OXT treatment did not affect measured indicators of HPA axis activation. A treatment × time interaction (P < 0.01) was detected for OXT, such that OXT heifers exhibited greater initial OXT concentrations followed by a decline; saline-treated heifers had consistently stable oxytocin concentrations. The RIS-treated heifers increased their glucose (P < 0.01) and lactate (P < 0.01) concentrations throughout the application of the stressors compared with the IS-treated heifers. Overall, restraint stress increased cortisol and oxytocin in B taurus heifers compared with heifers subjected only to isolation. Finding a more intermediate stress model may better allow for detection of the effects of oxytocin on the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Wagner
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 46691, USA
| | - A E Relling
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 46691, USA
| | - J D Kieffer
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - A J Parker
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 46691, USA.
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Li H, Ericsson M, Rabasha B, Budnik B, Chan SH, Freinkman E, Lewis CA, Doench JG, Wagner BK, Garraway LA, Schreiber SL. 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Links Cytosolic Carbohydrate Metabolism to Protein Secretion via Modulation of Glutathione Levels. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1306-1314.e5. [PMID: 31204288 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The proteinaceous extracellular matrix (ECM) is vital for the survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of many types of cancer. However, little is known regarding metabolic pathways required for ECM secretion. By using an unbiased computational approach, we searched for enzymes whose suppression may lead to disruptions in protein secretion. Here, we show that 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), a cytosolic enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism, is required for ER structural integrity and protein secretion. Chemical inhibition or genetic suppression of PGD activity led to cell stress accompanied by significantly expanded ER volume and was rescued by compensating endogenous glutathione supplies. Our results also suggest that this characteristic ER-dilation phenotype may be a general marker indicating increased ECM protein congestion inside cells and decreased secretion. Thus, PGD serves as a link between cytosolic carbohydrate metabolism and protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxin Li
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscope Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bokang Rabasha
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bogdan Budnik
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Levi A Garraway
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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30
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Maji B, Gangopadhyay SA, Lee M, Shi M, Wu P, Heler R, Mok B, Lim D, Siriwardena SU, Paul B, Dančík V, Vetere A, Mesleh MF, Marraffini LA, Liu DR, Clemons PA, Wagner BK, Choudhary A. A High-Throughput Platform to Identify Small-Molecule Inhibitors of CRISPR-Cas9. Cell 2019; 177:1067-1079.e19. [PMID: 31051099 PMCID: PMC7182439 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The precise control of CRISPR-Cas9 activity is required for a number of genome engineering technologies. Here, we report a generalizable platform that provided the first synthetic small-molecule inhibitors of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) that weigh <500 Da and are cell permeable, reversible, and stable under physiological conditions. We developed a suite of high-throughput assays for SpCas9 functions, including a primary screening assay for SpCas9 binding to the protospacer adjacent motif, and used these assays to screen a structurally diverse collection of natural-product-like small molecules to ultimately identify compounds that disrupt the SpCas9-DNA interaction. Using these synthetic anti-CRISPR small molecules, we demonstrated dose and temporal control of SpCas9 and catalytically impaired SpCas9 technologies, including transcription activation, and identified a pharmacophore for SpCas9 inhibition using structure-activity relationships. These studies establish a platform for rapidly identifying synthetic, miniature, cell-permeable, and reversible inhibitors against both SpCas9 and next-generation CRISPR-associated nucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Maji
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soumyashree A Gangopadhyay
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miseon Lee
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mengchao Shi
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peng Wu
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Heler
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Beverly Mok
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Donghyun Lim
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sachini U Siriwardena
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bishwajit Paul
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vlado Dančík
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael F Mesleh
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Luciano A Marraffini
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 11231, USA
| | - David R Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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31
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Zou Y, Palte MJ, Deik AA, Li H, Eaton JK, Wang W, Tseng YY, Deasy R, Kost-Alimova M, Dančík V, Leshchiner ES, Viswanathan VS, Signoretti S, Choueiri TK, Boehm JS, Wagner BK, Doench JG, Clish CB, Clemons PA, Schreiber SL. A GPX4-dependent cancer cell state underlies the clear-cell morphology and confers sensitivity to ferroptosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1617. [PMID: 30962421 PMCID: PMC6453886 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear-cell carcinomas (CCCs) are a histological group of highly aggressive malignancies commonly originating in the kidney and ovary. CCCs are distinguished by aberrant lipid and glycogen accumulation and are refractory to a broad range of anti-cancer therapies. Here we identify an intrinsic vulnerability to ferroptosis associated with the unique metabolic state in CCCs. This vulnerability transcends lineage and genetic landscape, and can be exploited by inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) with small-molecules. Using CRISPR screening and lipidomic profiling, we identify the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway as a driver of this vulnerability. In renal CCCs, HIF-2α selectively enriches polyunsaturated lipids, the rate-limiting substrates for lipid peroxidation, by activating the expression of hypoxia-inducible, lipid droplet-associated protein (HILPDA). Our study suggests targeting GPX4 as a therapeutic opportunity in CCCs, and highlights that therapeutic approaches can be identified on the basis of cell states manifested by morphological and metabolic features in hard-to-treat cancers. Clear-cell carcinomas are aggressive tumours characterised by high accumulation of lipids and glycogen. Here, the authors report that these cancers have a common vulnerability to GPX4 inhibition-induced ferroptosis and using CRISPR screen and lipodomic profiling, they identify HIF-2α- HILPDA axis promotes ferroptosis via enrichment of PUFA lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zou
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | | | - Amy A Deik
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Haoxin Li
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | | | - Wenyu Wang
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stuart L Schreiber
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Welty CM, Wenner BA, Wagner BK, Roman-Garcia Y, Plank JE, Meller RA, Gehman AM, Firkins JL. Rumen microbial responses to supplemental nitrate. II. Potential interactions with live yeast culture on the prokaryotic community and methanogenesis in continuous culture. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2217-2231. [PMID: 30639000 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrates have been fed to ruminants, including dairy cows, as an electron sink to mitigate CH4 emissions. In the NO3- reduction process, NO2- can accumulate, which could directly inhibit methanogens and possibly other microbes in the rumen. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast was hypothesized to decrease NO2- through direct reduction or indirectly by stimulating the bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium, which is among the ruminal bacteria most well characterized to reduce both NO3- and NO2-. Ruminal fluid was incubated in continuous cultures fed diets without or with NaNO3 (1.5% of diet dry matter; i.e., 1.09% NO3-) and without or with live yeast culture (LYC) fed at a recommended 0.010 g/d (scaled from cattle to fermentor intakes) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments with LYC had increased NDF digestibility and acetate:propionate by increasing acetate molar proportion but tended to decrease total VFA production. The main effect of NO3- increased acetate:propionate by increasing acetate molar proportion; NO3- also decreased molar proportions of isobutyrate and butyrate. Both NO3- and LYC shifted bacterial community composition (based on relative sequence abundance of 16S rRNA genes). An interaction occurred such that NO3- decreased valerate molar proportion only when no LYC was added. Nitrate decreased daily CH4 emissions by 29%. However, treatment × time interactions were present for both CH4 and H2 emission from the headspace; CH4 was decreased by the main effect of NO3- until 6 h postfeeding, but NO3- and LYC decreased H2 emission up to 4 h postfeeding. As expected, NO3- decreased methane emissions in continuous cultures; however, contrary to expectations, LYC did not attenuate NO2- accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Welty
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe Ct., Columbus 43210
| | - B A Wenner
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe Ct., Columbus 43210
| | - B K Wagner
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe Ct., Columbus 43210
| | - Y Roman-Garcia
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe Ct., Columbus 43210
| | - J E Plank
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe Ct., Columbus 43210
| | - R A Meller
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe Ct., Columbus 43210
| | - A M Gehman
- Alltech, 3031 Catnip Hill Pike, Nicholasville, KY 40356
| | - J L Firkins
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe Ct., Columbus 43210.
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33
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Dirice E, Ng RWS, Martinez R, Hu J, Wagner FF, Holson EB, Wagner BK, Kulkarni RN. Isoform-selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) limits pancreatic islet infiltration and protects female nonobese diabetic mice from diabetes. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17598-17608. [PMID: 28860191 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.804328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preservation of insulin-secreting β-cells is an important goal for therapies aimed at restoring normoglycemia in patients with diabetes. One approach, the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), has been reported to suppress pancreatic islet inflammation and β-cell apoptosis in vitro In this report, we demonstrate the efficacy of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) in vivo We show that daily administration of BRD3308, an isoform-selective HDAC3 inhibitor, for 2 weeks to female nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, beginning at 3 weeks of age, followed by twice-weekly injections until age 25 weeks, protects the animals from diabetes. The preservation of β-cells was because of a significant decrease in islet infiltration of mononuclear cells. Moreover, the BRD3308 treatment increased basal insulin secretion from islets cultured in vitro All metabolic tissues tested in vehicle- or BRD3308-treated groups showed virtually no sign of immune cell infiltration, except minimal infiltration in white adipose tissue in animals treated with the highest BRD3308 dose (10 mg/kg), providing additional evidence of protection from immune attack in the treated groups. Furthermore, pancreata from animals treated with 10 mg/kg BRD3308 exhibited significantly decreased numbers of apoptotic β-cells compared with those treated with vehicle or low-dose BRD3308. Finally, animals treated with 1 or 10 mg/kg BRD3308 had enhanced β-cell proliferation. These in vivo results point to the potential use of selective HDAC3 inhibitors as a therapeutic approach to suppress pancreatic islet infiltration and prevent β-cell death with the long-term goal of limiting the progression of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercument Dirice
- From the Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Raymond W S Ng
- From the Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Rachael Martinez
- From the Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Jiang Hu
- From the Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | | | - Edward B Holson
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142,
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- From the Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, .,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston Massachusetts 02215
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34
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Rusu V, Hoch E, Mercader JM, Tenen DE, Gymrek M, Hartigan CR, DeRan M, von Grotthuss M, Fontanillas P, Spooner A, Guzman G, Deik AA, Pierce KA, Dennis C, Clish CB, Carr SA, Wagner BK, Schenone M, Ng MCY, Chen BH, Centeno-Cruz F, Zerrweck C, Orozco L, Altshuler DM, Schreiber SL, Florez JC, Jacobs SBR, Lander ES. Type 2 Diabetes Variants Disrupt Function of SLC16A11 through Two Distinct Mechanisms. Cell 2017; 170:199-212.e20. [PMID: 28666119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects Latinos at twice the rate seen in populations of European descent. We recently identified a risk haplotype spanning SLC16A11 that explains ∼20% of the increased T2D prevalence in Mexico. Here, through genetic fine-mapping, we define a set of tightly linked variants likely to contain the causal allele(s). We show that variants on the T2D-associated haplotype have two distinct effects: (1) decreasing SLC16A11 expression in liver and (2) disrupting a key interaction with basigin, thereby reducing cell-surface localization. Both independent mechanisms reduce SLC16A11 function and suggest SLC16A11 is the causal gene at this locus. To gain insight into how SLC16A11 disruption impacts T2D risk, we demonstrate that SLC16A11 is a proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter and that genetic perturbation of SLC16A11 induces changes in fatty acid and lipid metabolism that are associated with increased T2D risk. Our findings suggest that increasing SLC16A11 function could be therapeutically beneficial for T2D. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Rusu
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eitan Hoch
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danielle E Tenen
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Melissa Gymrek
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Michael DeRan
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marcin von Grotthuss
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Pierre Fontanillas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexandra Spooner
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gaelen Guzman
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amy A Deik
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kerry A Pierce
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Courtney Dennis
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Monica Schenone
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Brian H Chen
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Zerrweck
- The Obesity Clinic at Hospital General Tlahuac, 13250 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Tlalpan, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David M Altshuler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Jose C Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Suzanne B R Jacobs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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35
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Baron M, Veres A, Wolock SL, Faust AL, Gaujoux R, Vetere A, Ryu JH, Wagner BK, Shen-Orr SS, Klein AM, Melton DA, Yanai I. A Single-Cell Transcriptomic Map of the Human and Mouse Pancreas Reveals Inter- and Intra-cell Population Structure. Cell Syst 2016; 3:346-360.e4. [PMID: 27667365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 793] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the function of the mammalian pancreas hinges on complex interactions of distinct cell types, gene expression profiles have primarily been described with bulk mixtures. Here we implemented a droplet-based, single-cell RNA-seq method to determine the transcriptomes of over 12,000 individual pancreatic cells from four human donors and two mouse strains. Cells could be divided into 15 clusters that matched previously characterized cell types: all endocrine cell types, including rare epsilon-cells; exocrine cell types; vascular cells; Schwann cells; quiescent and activated stellate cells; and four types of immune cells. We detected subpopulations of ductal cells with distinct expression profiles and validated their existence with immuno-histochemistry stains. Moreover, among human beta- cells, we detected heterogeneity in the regulation of genes relating to functional maturation and levels of ER stress. Finally, we deconvolved bulk gene expression samples using the single-cell data to detect disease-associated differential expression. Our dataset provides a resource for the discovery of novel cell type-specific transcription factors, signaling receptors, and medically relevant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Baron
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Adrian Veres
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel L Wolock
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aubrey L Faust
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Renaud Gaujoux
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer Hyoje Ryu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shai S Shen-Orr
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Itai Yanai
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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36
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Gerry C, Hua BK, Wawer M, Knowles JP, Nelson Jr. SD, Verho O, Dandapani S, Wagner BK, Clemons PA, Booker-Milburn K, Boskovic ZV, Schreiber SL. Real-Time Biological Annotation of Synthetic Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8920-7. [PMID: 27398798 PMCID: PMC4976700 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Organic chemists are able to synthesize molecules in greater number and chemical complexity than ever before. Yet, a majority of these compounds go untested in biological systems, and those that do are often tested long after the chemist can incorporate the results into synthetic planning. We propose the use of high-dimensional "multiplex" assays, which are capable of measuring thousands of cellular features in one experiment, to annotate rapidly and inexpensively the biological activities of newly synthesized compounds. This readily accessible and inexpensive "real-time" profiling method can be used in a prospective manner to facilitate, for example, the efficient construction of performance-diverse small-molecule libraries that are enriched in bioactives. Here, we demonstrate this concept by synthesizing ten triads of constitutionally isomeric compounds via complexity-generating photochemical and thermal rearrangements and measuring compound-induced changes in cellular morphology via an imaging-based "cell painting" assay. Our results indicate that real-time biological annotation can inform optimization efforts and library syntheses by illuminating trends relating to biological activity that would be difficult to predict if only chemical structure were considered. We anticipate that probe and drug discovery will benefit from the use of optimization efforts and libraries that implement this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
J. Gerry
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bruce K. Hua
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Mathias
J. Wawer
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Knowles
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Shawn D. Nelson Jr.
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Oscar Verho
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sivaraman Dandapani
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paul A. Clemons
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kevin
I. Booker-Milburn
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Zarko V. Boskovic
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget K Wagner
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
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38
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Dirice E, Walpita D, Vetere A, Meier BC, Kahraman S, Hu J, Dančík V, Burns SM, Gilbert TJ, Olson DE, Clemons PA, Kulkarni RN, Wagner BK. Inhibition of DYRK1A Stimulates Human β-Cell Proliferation. Diabetes 2016; 65:1660-71. [PMID: 26953159 PMCID: PMC4878416 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Restoring functional β-cell mass is an important therapeutic goal for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (1). While proliferation of existing β-cells is the primary means of β-cell replacement in rodents (2), it is unclear whether a similar principle applies to humans, as human β-cells are remarkably resistant to stimulation of division (3,4). Here, we show that 5-iodotubercidin (5-IT), an annotated adenosine kinase inhibitor previously reported to increase proliferation in rodent and porcine islets (5), strongly and selectively increases human β-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, 5-IT also increased glucose-dependent insulin secretion after prolonged treatment. Kinome profiling revealed 5-IT to be a potent and selective inhibitor of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) and cell division cycle-like kinase families. Induction of β-cell proliferation by either 5-IT or harmine, another natural product DYRK1A inhibitor, was suppressed by coincubation with the calcineurin inhibitor FK506, suggesting involvement of DYRK1A and nuclear factor of activated T cells signaling. Gene expression profiling in whole islets treated with 5-IT revealed induction of proliferation- and cell cycle-related genes, suggesting that true proliferation is induced by 5-IT. Furthermore, 5-IT promotes β-cell proliferation in human islets grafted under the kidney capsule of NOD-scid IL2Rg(null) mice. These results point to inhibition of DYRK1A as a therapeutic strategy to increase human β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Deepika Walpita
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Bennett C Meier
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Vlado Dančík
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sean M Burns
- Chemical Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Diabetes Unit, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tamara J Gilbert
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - David E Olson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
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39
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Wagner FF, Lundh M, Kaya T, McCarren P, Zhang YL, Chattopadhyay S, Gale JP, Galbo T, Fisher SL, Meier BC, Vetere A, Richardson S, Morgan NG, Christensen DP, Gilbert TJ, Hooker JM, Leroy M, Walpita D, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Wagner BK, Holson EB. An Isochemogenic Set of Inhibitors To Define the Therapeutic Potential of Histone Deacetylases in β-Cell Protection. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:363-74. [PMID: 26640968 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity has been implicated as a potential therapeutic strategy for multiple diseases. However, it has been difficult to dissect the role of individual HDACs due to a lack of selective small-molecule inhibitors. Here, we report the synthesis of a series of highly potent and isoform-selective class I HDAC inhibitors, rationally designed by exploiting minimal structural changes to the clinically experienced HDAC inhibitor CI-994. We used this toolkit of isochemogenic or chemically matched inhibitors to probe the role of class I HDACs in β-cell pathobiology and demonstrate for the first time that selective inhibition of an individual HDAC isoform retains beneficial biological activity and mitigates mechanism-based toxicities. The highly selective HDAC3 inhibitor BRD3308 suppressed pancreatic β-cell apoptosis induced by inflammatory cytokines, as expected, or now glucolipotoxic stress, and increased functional insulin release. In addition, BRD3308 had no effect on human megakaryocyte differentiation, while inhibitors of HDAC1 and 2 were toxic. Our findings demonstrate that the selective inhibition of HDAC3 represents a potential path forward as a therapy to protect pancreatic β-cells from inflammatory cytokines and nutrient overload in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence F. Wagner
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Morten Lundh
- Center
for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Denmark
| | - Taner Kaya
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Patrick McCarren
- Center
for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yan-Ling Zhang
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Shrikanta Chattopadhyay
- Center
for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jennifer P. Gale
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Thomas Galbo
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Stewart L. Fisher
- SL Fisher Consulting, LLC, PO Box 3052, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Bennett C. Meier
- Center
for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Center
for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sarah Richardson
- University of Exeter Medical School, RD&E Hospital, Wonford EX2 5DW, U.K
| | - Noel G. Morgan
- University of Exeter Medical School, RD&E Hospital, Wonford EX2 5DW, U.K
| | - Dan Ploug Christensen
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Denmark
| | - Tamara J. Gilbert
- Center
for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Mélanie Leroy
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Deepika Walpita
- Center
for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1165, Denmark
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Center
for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Edward B. Holson
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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40
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Wagner BK, Schreiber SL. The Power of Sophisticated Phenotypic Screening and Modern Mechanism-of-Action Methods. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:3-9. [PMID: 26933731 PMCID: PMC4779180 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The enthusiasm for phenotypic screening as an approach for small-molecule discovery has increased dramatically over the last several years. The recent increase in phenotype-based discoveries is in part due to advancements in phenotypic readouts in improved disease models that recapitulate clinically relevant biology in cell culture. Of course, a major historical barrier to using phenotypic assays in chemical biology has been the challenge in determining the mechanism of action (MoA) for compounds of interest. With the combination of medically inspired phenotypic screening and the development of modern MoA methods, we can now start implementing this approach in chemical probe and drug discovery. In this Perspective, we highlight recent advances in phenotypic readouts and MoA determination by discussing several case studies in which both activities were required for understanding the chemical biology involved and, in some cases, advancing toward clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget K Wagner
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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41
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Rees MG, Seashore-Ludlow B, Cheah JH, Adams DJ, Price EV, Gill S, Javaid S, Coletti ME, Jones VL, Bodycombe NE, Soule CK, Alexander B, Li A, Montgomery P, Kotz JD, Hon CSY, Munoz B, Liefeld T, Dančík V, Haber DA, Clish CB, Bittker JA, Palmer M, Wagner BK, Clemons PA, Shamji AF, Schreiber SL. Correlating chemical sensitivity and basal gene expression reveals mechanism of action. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 12:109-16. [PMID: 26656090 PMCID: PMC4718762 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cellular gene expression in response to small-molecule or genetic perturbations have yielded signatures that can connect unknown mechanisms of action (MoA) to ones previously established. We hypothesized that differential basal gene expression could be correlated with patterns of small-molecule sensitivity across many cell lines to illuminate the actions of compounds whose MoA are unknown. To test this idea, we correlated the sensitivity patterns of 481 compounds with ∼19,000 basal transcript levels across 823 different human cancer cell lines and identified selective outlier transcripts. This process yielded many novel mechanistic insights, including the identification of activation mechanisms, cellular transporters and direct protein targets. We found that ML239, originally identified in a phenotypic screen for selective cytotoxicity in breast cancer stem-like cells, most likely acts through activation of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2). These data and analytical tools are available to the research community through the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brinton Seashore-Ludlow
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaime H Cheah
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Drew J Adams
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edmund V Price
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sarah Javaid
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Nicole E Bodycombe
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian K Soule
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ava Li
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ted Liefeld
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle Palmer
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden (B.S.L); Koch Institute for Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California, USA; Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA; ImmunoGen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
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de Waal L, Lewis TA, Rees MG, Tsherniak A, Wu X, Choi PS, Gechijian L, Hartigan C, Faloon PW, Hickey MJ, Tolliday N, Carr SA, Clemons PA, Munoz B, Wagner BK, Shamji AF, Koehler AN, Schenone M, Burgin AB, Schreiber SL, Greulich H, Meyerson M. Abstract C136: Identification of selective cancer cytotoxic modulators of phosphodiesterase 3a by predictive chemogenomics. Mol Cancer Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-15-c136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
High cancer death rates indicate the need for new anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Approaches to discover new cancer drugs include target-based drug discovery and phenotypic screening. Here, we identify phosphodiesterase 3A modulators as cell-selective cancer cytotoxic compounds by phenotypic compound library screening and target deconvolution by predictive chemogenomics. We found that sensitivity to 6-(4-(diethylamino)-3-nitrophenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one, or DNMDP, across 766 cancer cell lines correlates with expression of the phosphodiesterase 3A gene, PDE3A. Like DNMDP, a subset of known PDE3A inhibitors kill selected cancer cells while others do not. Furthermore, PDE3A depletion leads to DNMDP resistance. We demonstrate that DNMDP binding to PDE3A promotes an interaction between PDE3A and Schlafen 12 (SLFN12), suggesting a neomorphic activity. Co-expression of SLFN12 with PDE3A correlates with DNMDP sensitivity, while depletion of SLFN12 results in decreased sensitivity to DNMDP. Our results implicate PDE3A modulators as candidate cancer therapeutic agents and demonstrate the power of predictive chemogenomics in small-molecule discovery.
Citation Format: Lucian de Waal, Timothy A. Lewis, Matthew G. Rees, Aviad Tsherniak, Xiaoyun Wu, Peter S. Choi, Lara Gechijian, Christina Hartigan, Patrick W. Faloon, Mark J. Hickey, Nicola Tolliday, Steven A. Carr, Paul A. Clemons, Benito Munoz, Bridget K. Wagner, Alykhan F. Shamji, Angela N. Koehler, Monica Schenone, Alex B. Burgin, Stuart L. Schreiber, Heidi Greulich, Matthew Meyerson. Identification of selective cancer cytotoxic modulators of phosphodiesterase 3a by predictive chemogenomics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr C136.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoyun Wu
- 2Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benito Munoz
- 2Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
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Chou DHC, Vetere A, Choudhary A, Scully SS, Schenone M, Tang A, Gomez R, Burns SM, Lundh M, Vital T, Comer E, Faloon PW, Dančík V, Ciarlo C, Paulk J, Dai M, Reddy C, Sun H, Young M, Donato N, Jaffe J, Clemons PA, Palmer M, Carr SA, Schreiber SL, Wagner BK. Kinase-Independent Small-Molecule Inhibition of JAK-STAT Signaling. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7929-34. [PMID: 26042473 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic cell-based screening is a powerful approach to small-molecule discovery, but a major challenge of this strategy lies in determining the intracellular target and mechanism of action (MoA) for validated hits. Here, we show that the small-molecule BRD0476, a novel suppressor of pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, inhibits interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-induced Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activation of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling to promote β-cell survival. However, unlike common JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors, BRD0476 inhibits JAK-STAT signaling without suppressing the kinase activity of any JAK. Rather, we identified the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X (USP9X) as an intracellular target, using a quantitative proteomic analysis in rat β cells. RNAi-mediated and CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown mimicked the effects of BRD0476, and reverse chemical genetics using a known inhibitor of USP9X blocked JAK-STAT signaling without suppressing JAK activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of a putative ubiquitination site on JAK2 mitigated BRD0476 activity, suggesting a competition between phosphorylation and ubiquitination to explain small-molecule MoA. These results demonstrate that phenotypic screening, followed by comprehensive MoA efforts, can provide novel mechanistic insights into ostensibly well-understood cell signaling pathways. Furthermore, these results uncover USP9X as a potential target for regulating JAK2 activity in cellular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Hung-Chieh Chou
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | - Amit Choudhary
- §Society of Fellows, Harvard University, 78 Mount Auburn Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hanshi Sun
- #Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Matthew Young
- ∇Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicholas Donato
- #Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Stuart L Schreiber
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Abstract
Modulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity has been implicated as a potential therapeutic strategy for multiple diseases. Recent studies have put a greater spotlight on metabolic diseases, in particular Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, as potential indications for which HDAC inhibition could be beneficial. Evidence suggests that inhibition of HDAC3 protects β-cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis, an important event in the development of Type 1 diabetes. On the other hand, the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes involves a combination of peripheral insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell failure. Again, data from the literature indicate that HDAC3 regulates genes involved in key metabolic events. Together, these results suggest that selective inhibition of HDAC3 may be an attractive strategy for targeting these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett C Meier
- Chemical Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Several benzoxazocenones have been found to exhibit novel cellular activities. In the present study, we report a gold(I)-catalyzed 8-endo-dig hydroalkoxylation reaction of alkynamides to access analogous oxazocenone scaffolds. This methodology provided an advanced intermediate, which was elaborated to a des-benzo analog of a bioactive benzoxazocenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Scully
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute , 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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47
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Burns SM, Vetere A, Walpita D, Dančík V, Khodier C, Perez J, Clemons PA, Wagner BK, Altshuler D. High-throughput luminescent reporter of insulin secretion for discovering regulators of pancreatic Beta-cell function. Cell Metab 2015; 21:126-37. [PMID: 25565210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Defects in insulin secretion play a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, yet the mechanisms driving beta-cell dysfunction remain poorly understood, and therapies to preserve glucose-dependent insulin release are inadequate. We report a luminescent insulin secretion assay that enables large-scale investigations of beta-cell function, created by inserting Gaussia luciferase into the C-peptide portion of proinsulin. Beta-cell lines expressing this construct cosecrete luciferase and insulin in close correlation, under both standard conditions or when stressed by cytokines, fatty acids, or ER toxins. We adapted the reporter for high-throughput assays and performed a 1,600-compound pilot screen, which identified several classes of drugs inhibiting secretion, as well as glucose-potentiated secretagogues that were confirmed to have activity in primary human islets. Requiring 40-fold less time and expense than the traditional ELISA, this assay may accelerate the identification of pathways governing insulin secretion and compounds that safely augment beta-cell function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Burns
- Diabetes Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Deepika Walpita
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vlado Dančík
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Carol Khodier
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jose Perez
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David Altshuler
- Diabetes Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Abstract
The identification of novel small molecules that promote pancreatic beta-cell proliferation is an important approach to therapeutic discovery for diabetes. Because human islets are not easy to culture, and attach poorly to plates, it had not been feasible to run high-throughput phenotypic assays in these cells. Therefore, most laboratories have turned to rodent islets for ease of culture and accessibility. However, rodent islets are not physiologically similar to human islets, either in terms of islet architecture or endocrine cell interactions within the islet, and data generated in rodent islets do not typically translate to human islet biology. To address this challenge, we developed a human islet culture system for high-throughput screening using a thymidine analog, EdU, to detect beta-cell replication during screening. Simultaneous monitoring of EdU incorporation and beta cell numbers provides a robust assay for beta-cell replication, and is now becoming a standard protocol enabling screening in human islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Walpita
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Dahllöf MS, Christensen DP, Harving M, Wagner BK, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Lundh M. HDAC inhibitor-mediated beta-cell protection against cytokine-induced toxicity is STAT1 Tyr701 phosphorylation independent. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 35:63-70. [PMID: 25062500 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition protects pancreatic beta-cells against apoptosis induced by the combination of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and interferon (IFN)-γ. Decreased expression of cell damage-related genes is observed on the transcriptional level upon HDAC inhibition using either IL-1β or IFN-γ alone. Whereas HDAC inhibition has been shown to regulate NFκB-activity, related primarily to IL-1β signaling, it is unknown whether the inhibition of HDACs affect IFN-γ signaling in beta-cells. Further, in non-beta-cells, there is a dispute whether HDAC inhibition regulates IFN-γ signaling at the level of STAT1 Tyr701 phosphorylation. Using different small molecule HDAC inhibitors with varying class selectivity, INS-1E wild type and stable HDAC1-3 knockdown pancreatic INS-1 cell lines, we show that IFN-γ-induced Cxcl9 and iNos expression as well as Cxcl9 and GAS reporter activity were decreased by HDAC inhibition in a STAT1 Tyr701 phosphorylation-independent fashion. In fact, knockdown of HDAC1 increased IFN-γ-induced STAT1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias S Dahllöf
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
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Choudhary A, Hu He K, Mertins P, Udeshi ND, Dančík V, Fomina-Yadlin D, Kubicek S, Clemons PA, Schreiber SL, Carr SA, Wagner BK. Quantitative-proteomic comparison of alpha and Beta cells to uncover novel targets for lineage reprogramming. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95194. [PMID: 24759943 PMCID: PMC3997365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by the immune system. An emerging strategy to regenerate beta-cell mass is through transdifferentiation of pancreatic alpha cells to beta cells. We previously reported two small molecules, BRD7389 and GW8510, that induce insulin expression in a mouse alpha cell line and provide a glimpse into potential intermediate cell states in beta-cell reprogramming from alpha cells. These small-molecule studies suggested that inhibition of kinases in particular may induce the expression of several beta-cell markers in alpha cells. To identify potential lineage reprogramming protein targets, we compared the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome of alpha cells, beta cells, and compound-treated alpha cells. Our phosphoproteomic analysis indicated that two kinases, BRSK1 and CAMKK2, exhibit decreased phosphorylation in beta cells compared to alpha cells, and in compound-treated alpha cells compared to DMSO-treated alpha cells. Knock-down of these kinases in alpha cells resulted in expression of key beta-cell markers. These results provide evidence that perturbation of the kinome may be important for lineage reprogramming of alpha cells to beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Choudhary
- Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kaihui Hu He
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Namrata D. Udeshi
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vlado Dančík
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dina Fomina-Yadlin
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Clemons
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Carr
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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