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Zhou S, Sarabia SF, Estrine D, Ostrow D, Schmidt RJ, Warren M, Raca G, Shillingford N, Wang L, Pawel B, Stein JE, Biegel JA, Lopez-Terrada D, Mascarenhas L, Ji J. Comparative Clinicopathologic and Genomic Analysis of Hepatocellular Neoplasm, Not Otherwise Specified, and Hepatoblastoma. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100385. [PMID: 37992967 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular neoplasm, not otherwise specified (HCN-NOS), poses significant challenges. Our study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic and genomic similarities and differences between HCN-NOS and hepatoblastoma (HB) to guide diagnostic and treatment strategies. The clinicopathologic characteristics of 16 patients with HCN-NOS and 23 patients with HB were compared. Molecular studies, including the OncoKids DNA- and RNA-based next-generation sequencing panel, chromosomal microarray, and targeted Sanger sequencing analyses of CTNNB1 and TERT promoters, were employed. We found that patients with HCN-NOS were older (P < .001) and more frequently classified as high risk (P < .01), yet they showed no significant differences in alpha fetoprotein levels or survival outcomes compared with those with HB. HCN-NOS and HB had a comparable frequency of sequence variants, with CTNNB1 mutations being predominant in both groups. Notably, TERT promoter mutations (37.5%) and rare clinically significant variants (BRAF, NRAS, and KMT2D) were exclusive to HCN-NOS. HCN-NOS demonstrated a higher prevalence of gains in 1q, encompassing the MDM4 locus (17/17 vs 11/24; P < .001), as well as loss/loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 1p (11/17 vs 6/24; P < .05) and chromosome 11 (7/17 vs 1/24; P < .01) when compared with HB. Furthermore, the recurrent loss/LOH of chromosomes 3, 4p, 9, 15q, and Y was only observed in HCN-NOS. However, no significant differences were noted in gains of chromosomes 2, 8, and 20, or loss/LOH of 4q and 11p between the 2 groups. Notably, no clinically significant gene fusions were detected in either group. In conclusion, our study reveals that HCN-NOS exhibits high-risk clinicopathologic features and greater structural complexity compared with HB. However, patients with HCN-NOS exhibit comparable alpha fetoprotein levels at diagnosis, CTNNB1 mutation rates, and survival outcomes when subjected to aggressive treatment, as compared with those with HB. These findings have the potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and inform more effective treatments for HCN-NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Stephen F Sarabia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Dolores Estrine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dejerianne Ostrow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ryan J Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mikako Warren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gordana Raca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nick Shillingford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Larry Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - James E Stein
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dolores Lopez-Terrada
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Leo Mascarenhas
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jianling Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Buckley J, Schmidt RJ, Ostrow D, Maglinte D, Bootwalla M, Ruble D, Govindarajan A, Ji J, Kovach AE, Orgel E, Raca G, Navid F, Mascarenhas L, Pawel B, Robison N, Gai X, Biegel JA. An Exome Capture-Based RNA-Sequencing Assay for Genome-Wide Identification and Prioritization of Clinically Important Fusions in Pediatric Tumors. J Mol Diagn 2024; 26:127-139. [PMID: 38008288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the development of an exome capture-based RNA-sequencing assay to detect recurring and novel fusions in hematologic, solid, and central nervous system tumors. The assay used Twist Comprehensive Exome capture with either fresh or formalin-fixed samples and a bioinformatic platform that provides fusion detection, prioritization, and downstream curation. A minimum of 50 million uniquely mapped reads, a consensus read alignment/fusion calling approach using four callers (Arriba, FusionCatcher, STAR-Fusion, and Dragen), and custom software were used to integrate, annotate, and rank the candidate fusion calls. In an evaluation of 50 samples, the number of calls varied substantially by caller, from a mean of 24.8 with STAR-Fusion to 259.6 with FusionCatcher; only 1.1% of calls were made by all four callers. Therefore a filtering and ranking algorithm was developed based on multiple criteria, including number of supporting reads, calling consensus, genes involved, and cross-reference against databases of known cancer-associated or likely false-positive fusions. This approach was highly effective in pinpointing known clinically relevant fusions, ranking them first in 47 of 50 samples (94%). Detection of pathogenic gene fusions in three diagnostically challenging cases highlights the importance of a genome-wide and nontargeted method for fusion detection in pediatric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Buckley
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ryan J Schmidt
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dejerianne Ostrow
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dennis Maglinte
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Moiz Bootwalla
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Ruble
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ananthanarayanan Govindarajan
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jianling Ji
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alexandra E Kovach
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Etan Orgel
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gordana Raca
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fariba Navid
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Leo Mascarenhas
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nathan Robison
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaowu Gai
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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3
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Yang B, Chour W, Salazar CG, Zamiara P, Schmidt RJ, Raca G, Shillingford N, Zhou S, Warren M, Parham DM, Pawel B, Wang LL. Pediatric Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors of the Ovary: An Integrated Study of Clinicopathological Features, Pan-cancer-Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Chromosomal Microarray Analysis From a Single Institution. Am J Surg Pathol 2024; 48:194-203. [PMID: 37946548 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) are currently classified into 3 molecular subtypes: DICER1 -mutant (younger patient age), FOXL2 -mutant, and DICER1/FOXL2 -wildtype. However, it is not clear whether all pediatric SLCTs are DICER1 -mutant molecular subtypes and whether other molecular genetic aberrations besides DICER1 are involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of these tumors. We studied comprehensive data for 8 cases of pediatric SLCTs, including clinicopathological features, pan-cancer-targeted next-generation sequencing/OncoKids panel, and chromosomal microarray analysis, to further analyze the correlation among clinicopathological features, molecular genetic aberrations, and prognosis. The ages of the patients ranged from 4 to 16 years (median, 14 y). Seven cases were moderately differentiated, and one was poorly differentiated with heterologous mesenchymal elements. Two cases had heterologous epithelium or retiform elements. Follow-up was available for all 8 patients (median, 49.5 mo). Seven patients were alive without evidence of recurrence or metastasis, and only case 5 developed metastases (synchronous bilateral pulmonary tumors with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation). All 8 tumors were found to harbor somatic hotspot DICER1 mutations, and 5 patients carried germline DICER1 mutations (2 of them had the phenotype of DICER1 syndrome). Together with recent studies, the DICER1 mutation frequency is 100% in pediatric SLCTs (n=27, age≤16 y). Copy number alterations were detected in 3 tumors; the only recurrent copy number alterations was the gain of whole chromosome 6 in case 5 and case 8. This is the first report describing clinicopathological features and molecular alterations in pediatric SLCTs. Our results demonstrate that all pediatric SLCTs belong to the DICER1 -mutant molecular subtype, highlighting that somatic hotspot DICER1 mutation detection has high sensitivity (100%) for the auxiliary diagnosis of pediatric SLCTs (age ≤16 y). Some pediatric SLCTs harbor molecular genetic aberrations other than DICER1 mutation, and their significance needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - William Chour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Cristo Guardado Salazar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Paul Zamiara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ryan J Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gordana Raca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nick Shillingford
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shengmei Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mikako Warren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David M Parham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Larry L Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Weiner AK, Radaoui AB, Tsang M, Martinez D, Sidoli S, Conkrite KL, Delaidelli A, Modi A, Rokita JL, Patel K, Lane MV, Zhang B, Zhong C, Ennis B, Miller DP, Brown MA, Rathi KS, Raman P, Pogoriler J, Bhatti T, Pawel B, Glisovic-Aplenc T, Teicher B, Erickson SW, Earley EJ, Bosse KR, Sorensen PH, Krytska K, Mosse YP, Havenith KE, Zammarchi F, van Berkel PH, Smith MA, Garcia BA, Maris JM, Diskin SJ. A proteogenomic surfaceome study identifies DLK1 as an immunotherapeutic target in neuroblastoma. bioRxiv 2024:2023.12.06.570390. [PMID: 38106022 PMCID: PMC10723418 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.570390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have produced remarkable results in B-cell malignancies; however, optimal cell surface targets for many solid cancers remain elusive. Here, we present an integrative proteomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic analysis of tumor specimens along with normal tissues to identify biologically relevant cell surface proteins that can serve as immunotherapeutic targets for neuroblastoma, an often-fatal childhood cancer of the developing nervous system. We apply this approach to human-derived cell lines (N=9) and cell/patient-derived xenograft (N=12) models of neuroblastoma. Plasma membrane-enriched mass spectrometry identified 1,461 cell surface proteins in cell lines and 1,401 in xenograft models, respectively. Additional proteogenomic analyses revealed 60 high-confidence candidate immunotherapeutic targets and we prioritized Delta-like canonical notch ligand 1 (DLK1) for further study. High expression of DLK1 directly correlated with the presence of a super-enhancer spanning the DLK1 locus. Robust cell surface expression of DLK1 was validated by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Short hairpin RNA mediated silencing of DLK1 in neuroblastoma cells resulted in increased cellular differentiation. ADCT-701, a DLK1-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), showed potent and specific cytotoxicity in DLK1-expressing neuroblastoma xenograft models. Moreover, DLK1 is highly expressed in several adult cancer types, including adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PCPG), hepatoblastoma, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), suggesting potential clinical benefit beyond neuroblastoma. Taken together, our study demonstrates the utility of comprehensive cancer surfaceome characterization and credentials DLK1 as an immunotherapeutic target. Highlights Plasma membrane enriched proteomics defines surfaceome of neuroblastomaMulti-omic data integration prioritizes DLK1 as a candidate immunotherapeutic target in neuroblastoma and other cancersDLK1 expression is driven by a super-enhancer DLK1 silencing in neuroblastoma cells results in cellular differentiation ADCT-701, a DLK1-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, shows potent and specific cytotoxicity in DLK1-expressing neuroblastoma preclinical models.
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5
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Batra V, Gikandi A, Pawel B, Martinez D, Granger MM, Marachelian A, Park JR, Maris JM, Vo KT, Matthay KK, DuBois SG. Norepinephrine transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 tumor expression as a predictor of response to 131 I-MIBG in patients with relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30743. [PMID: 37885116 PMCID: PMC10842219 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies suggest that norepinephrine transporter (NET) and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) mediate meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake and retention in neuroblastoma tumors. We evaluated the relationship between NET and VMAT2 tumor expression and clinical response to 131 I-MIBG therapy in patients with neuroblastoma. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate NET and VMAT2 protein expression levels on archival tumor samples (obtained at diagnosis or relapse) from patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma treated with 131 I-MIBG. A composite protein expression H-score was determined by multiplying a semi-quantitative intensity value (0-3+) by the percentage of tumor cells expressing the protein. RESULTS Tumor samples and clinical data were available for 106 patients, of whom 28.3% had partial response (PR) or higher. NET H-score was not significantly associated with response (≥PR), though the percentage of tumor cells expressing NET was lower among responders (median 80% for ≥PR vs. 90% for CONCLUSIONS Markers of lower NET and VMAT2 protein expression are associated with higher likelihood of response to 131 I-MIBG therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma. Increased VMAT2 protein expression is associated with a more differentiated disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Batra
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Araz Marachelian
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Julie R. Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - John M. Maris
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kieuhoa T. Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital and UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Katherine K. Matthay
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital and UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Steven G. DuBois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Goldsmith KC, Park JR, Kayser K, Malvar J, Chi YY, Groshen SG, Villablanca JG, Krytska K, Lai LM, Acharya PT, Goodarzian F, Pawel B, Shimada H, Ghazarian S, States L, Marshall L, Chesler L, Granger M, Desai AV, Mody R, Morgenstern DA, Shusterman S, Macy ME, Pinto N, Schleiermacher G, Vo K, Thurm HC, Chen J, Liyanage M, Peltz G, Matthay KK, Berko ER, Maris JM, Marachelian A, Mossé YP. Lorlatinib with or without chemotherapy in ALK-driven refractory/relapsed neuroblastoma: phase 1 trial results. Nat Med 2023; 29:1092-1102. [PMID: 37012551 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastomas harbor ALK aberrations clinically resistant to crizotinib yet sensitive pre-clinically to the third-generation ALK inhibitor lorlatinib. We conducted a first-in-child study evaluating lorlatinib with and without chemotherapy in children and adults with relapsed or refractory ALK-driven neuroblastoma. The trial is ongoing, and we report here on three cohorts that have met pre-specified primary endpoints: lorlatinib as a single agent in children (12 months to <18 years); lorlatinib as a single agent in adults (≥18 years); and lorlatinib in combination with topotecan/cyclophosphamide in children (<18 years). Primary endpoints were safety, pharmacokinetics and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Secondary endpoints were response rate and 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) response. Lorlatinib was evaluated at 45-115 mg/m2/dose in children and 100-150 mg in adults. Common adverse events (AEs) were hypertriglyceridemia (90%), hypercholesterolemia (79%) and weight gain (87%). Neurobehavioral AEs occurred mainly in adults and resolved with dose hold/reduction. The RP2D of lorlatinib with and without chemotherapy in children was 115 mg/m2. The single-agent adult RP2D was 150 mg. The single-agent response rate (complete/partial/minor) for <18 years was 30%; for ≥18 years, 67%; and for chemotherapy combination in <18 years, 63%; and 13 of 27 (48%) responders achieved MIBG complete responses, supporting lorlatinib's rapid translation into active phase 3 trials for patients with newly diagnosed high-risk, ALK-driven neuroblastoma. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03107988 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Goldsmith
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie R Park
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jemily Malvar
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yueh-Yun Chi
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan G Groshen
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Judith G Villablanca
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kateryna Krytska
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lillian M Lai
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Patricia T Acharya
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fariba Goodarzian
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susan Ghazarian
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa States
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lynley Marshall
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Louis Chesler
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Ami V Desai
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rajen Mody
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel A Morgenstern
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanne Shusterman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret E Macy
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Navin Pinto
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gudrun Schleiermacher
- RTOP (Recherche Translationelle en Oncologie Pédiatrique), INSERM U830, Research Center, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Kieuhoa Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Holger C Thurm
- Global Product Development, Clinical Pharmacology, Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Chen
- Global Product Development, Clinical Pharmacology, Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Marlon Liyanage
- Global Product Development, Clinical Pharmacology, Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerson Peltz
- Global Product Development, Clinical Pharmacology, Pfizer Oncology, Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine K Matthay
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Esther R Berko
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Araz Marachelian
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yael P Mossé
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Ahmed S, Indelicato D, Chuba P, Krailo M, Buxton A, Randall R, Binitie O, Nadel H, Pawel B, Dubois S, Janeway K, Reed D, Leavey P, Mascarenhas L, Laack N. Local Failure in Non-Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma Patients Treated with Definitive Radiation Therapy on AEWS1031: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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8
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Zhou S, Li M, Ostrow D, Ruble D, Mascarenhas L, Pawel B, Buckley JD, Triche TJ. Potential methylation-regulated genes and pathways in hepatocellular neoplasm, not otherwise specified. Front Oncol 2022; 12:952325. [PMID: 36212481 PMCID: PMC9532972 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.952325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The molecular basis of hepatocellular neoplasm, not otherwise specified (HCN-NOS) is unknown. We aimed to identify gene expression patterns, potential methylation-regulated genes and pathways that characterize the tumor, and its possible relationship to hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Approach & Results Parallel genome-wide profiling of gene expression (RNAseq) and DNA methylation (EPIC850) was performed on 4 pairs of pre-treatment HCN-NOS tumors and adjacent non-tumor controls. 2530 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between tumors and controls. Many of these DEGs were associated with hepatoblastoma and/or HCC. Analysis Match in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis determined that the gene expression profile of HCN-NOS was unique but significantly similar to that of both hepatoblastoma and HCC. A total of 27,195 CpG sites (CpGs) were significantly differentially methylated (DM) between tumors and controls, with a global hypomethylation pattern and predominant CpG island hypermethylation in promotor regions. Aberrant DNA methylation predominated in Developmental Process and Molecular Function Regulator pathways. Embryonic stem cell pathways were significantly enriched. In total, 1055 aberrantly methylated (at CpGs) and differentially expressed genes were identified, including 25 upstream regulators and sixty-one potential CpG island methylation-regulated genes. Eight methylation-regulated genes (TCF3, MYBL2, SRC, HMGA2, PPARGC1A, SLC22A1, COL2A1 and MYCN) had highly consistent gene expression patterns and prognostic value in patients with HCC, based on comparison to publicly available datasets. Conclusions HCN-NOS has a unique, stem-cell like gene expression and DNA methylation profile related to both hepatoblastoma and HCC but distinct therefrom. Further, 8 methylation-regulated genes associated with prognosis in HCC were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmei Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Shengmei Zhou,
| | - Meng Li
- USC Libraries Bioinformatics Services, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dejerianne Ostrow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David Ruble
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Leo Mascarenhas
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan David Buckley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Timothy J. Triche
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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9
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Batra V, Samanta M, Makvandi M, Groff D, Martorano P, Elias J, Ranieri P, Tsang M, Hou C, Li Y, Pawel B, Martinez D, Vaidyanathan G, Carlin S, Pryma DA, Maris JM. Preclinical Development of [211At]meta- astatobenzylguanidine ([211At]MABG) as an Alpha Particle Radiopharmaceutical Therapy for Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4146-4157. [PMID: 35861867 PMCID: PMC9475242 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE [131I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([131I]MIBG) is a targeted radiotherapeutic administered systemically to deliver beta particle radiation in neuroblastoma. However, relapses in the bone marrow are common. [211At]meta-astatobenzylguanidine ([211At] MABG) is an alpha particle emitter with higher biological effectiveness and short path length which effectively sterilizes microscopic residual disease. Here we investigated the safety and antitumor activity [211At]MABG in preclinical models of neuroblastoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We defined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), biodistribution, and toxicity of [211At]MABG in immunodeficient mice in comparison with [131I]MIBG. We compared the antitumor efficacy of [211At]MABG with [131I]MIBG in three murine xenograft models. Finally, we explored the efficacy of [211At]MABG after tail vein xenografting designed to model disseminated neuroblastoma. RESULTS The MTD of [211At]MABG was 66.7 MBq/kg (1.8 mCi/kg) in CB17SC scid-/- mice and 51.8 MBq/kg (1.4 mCi/kg) in NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice. Biodistribution of [211At]MABG was similar to [131I]MIBG. Long-term toxicity studies on mice administered with doses up to 41.5 MBq/kg (1.12 mCi/kg) showed the radiotherapeutic to be well tolerated. Both 66.7 MBq/kg (1.8 mCi/kg) single dose and fractionated dosing 16.6 MBq/kg/fraction (0.45 mCi/kg) × 4 over 11 days induced marked tumor regression in two of the three models studied. Survival was significantly prolonged for mice treated with 12.9 MBq/kg/fraction (0.35 mCi/kg) × 4 doses over 11 days [211At]MABG in the disseminated disease (IMR-05NET/GFP/LUC) model (P = 0.003) suggesting eradication of microscopic disease. CONCLUSIONS [211At]MABG has significant survival advantage in disseminated models of neuroblastoma. An alpha particle emitting radiopharmaceutical may be effective against microscopic disseminated disease, warranting clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Batra
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Minu Samanta
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mehran Makvandi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Groff
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul Martorano
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jimmy Elias
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pietro Ranieri
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Tsang
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Catherine Hou
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yimei Li
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Sean Carlin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel A. Pryma
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John M. Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Corresponding Author: John M. Maris, Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: 215-590-5242; E-mail:
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10
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Louault K, Porras T, Lee MH, Muthugounder S, Kennedy R, Sarte L, Fernandez GE, Pawel B, Shimada H, Asgharzadeh S, Declerck YA. Abstract 3123: Cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages cooperate to promote TGF-β1-dependent NFkB activation and IL6 production and immune escape. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The individual contribution of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), and their precursors mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) to a pro-tumorigenic and immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in neuroblastoma (NB) is well known. However, whether and how they could cooperate has not been studied in this cancer. This important question, in the context of current immunotherapies for NB, has been addressed here in complementary studies evaluating the TME landscape in primary human NB tumors and examining the production of cytokines/chemokines and the activation of signaling pathways in NB cells in the presence of human monocytes and MSC-CAF in vitro and in vivo. A multiplex immunohistochemistry evaluation of 17 untreated human NB tumors demonstrated the presence of MSC-CAF and TAM representing between 0.5% to 7.4% and 0.4% to 8.4% of the total cell population respectively. MSC-CAF were predominantly present in the stroma around NB cells, while TAM diffusely infiltrated tumors. There was a paucity of infiltrating T cells and NK cells (0.7% and 0.1% of total cells, respectively) in all tumors. MSC-CAF promoted in vitro the survival of human monocytes and TAM through their production of IL6 and soluble IL6 receptor. When co-cultured with NB cells, MSC-CAF and monocytes increased the production of pro-tumorigenic cytokines/chemokines like TGFβ1, IL6, IL8, IL10, CCL2/MCP-1 and induced a high expression in MYCN amplified NB cells and TME cells. In contrast they did not stimulate the production of anti-tumorigenic cytokines like IFNγ, TNFα and IL12. Among these multiple cytokines, we demonstrated the central role of TGFβ1 which induced the expression of IL6 in NB cells and in MSC-CAF. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that production of IL6 in NB cells was dependent on the activation of NFκB by TGFβ1 via TAK1 and SMAD2 signaling pathways. In contrast, in MSC, the production of IL6 was dependent on the transcriptional activity of SMAD2/SMAD4 but independent of NFκB. Moreover, the significant increase in TGFβ1 production and secretion to a level only observed in co-cultures of MSC-CAF, TAM and NB cells led to inhibition of NK cell-mediated NB cytotoxicity. Increased TGFβ1, NFκB and IL6 activities were also detected in NB tumors implanted in immunodeficient mice in the presence of human MSC-CAF and monocytes and in primary human NB tumors where we observed a direct correlation between pSMAD2, pSTAT3, and the presence of α-SMA positive MSC-CAF. Our results emphasize the importance of the synergistic role of TAM and CAF in promoting immune escape and resistance to immunotherapies, and the need to define the TME of tumors in patients with NB in order to improve immunotherapies.
Citation Format: Kevin Louault, Tania Porras, Meng-Hua Lee, Sakunthala Muthugounder, Rebekah Kennedy, Laurence Sarte, Gerardo E. Fernandez, Bruce Pawel, Hiroyuki Shimada, Shahab Asgharzadeh, Yves A. Declerck. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages cooperate to promote TGF-β1-dependent NFkB activation and IL6 production and immune escape [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3123.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Porras
- 1Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Meng-Hua Lee
- 1Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruce Pawel
- 1Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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11
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Cash T, Krailo MD, Buxton A, Pawel B, Healey JH, Binitie O, Marcus KC, Grier HE, DuBois SG, Grohar P, Reed DR, Weiss AR, Gorlick RG, Janeway KA, Womer RB. Long-term outcomes in patients with localized Ewing sarcoma treated with interval-compressed chemotherapy: A long-term follow-up report from Children’s Oncology Group study AEWS0031. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.11505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11505 Background: Children’s Oncology Group study AEWS0031 demonstrated superior 5-year event-free survival (EFS) in patients with localized Ewing sarcoma (ES) receiving interval-compressed (IC) chemotherapy (every 2 weeks) compared to standard timing (ST) chemotherapy (every 3 weeks). We assessed the long-term outcome of patients treated on AEWS0031 to determine whether the survival advantage of IC chemotherapy was maintained at 10 years. Methods: AEWS0031 enrolled 568 eligible patients with localized ES. Patients were stratified into four groups by age (<18 years and ≥ 18 years) and primary site (pelvic and non-pelvic), and randomized to receive 14 cycles of alternating vincristine-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide-etoposide given every 3 weeks (ST; Regimen A) vs. every 2 weeks (IC; Regimen B). For this updated report, one patient was excluded due to uncertainty of original diagnosis giving a total of 567 patients in this analysis. Data for tumor measurements and histologic response were collected retrospectively from institutional reports. EFS and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test and Gray’s test for cumulative incidence (CI). Results: The 10-year EFS for patients treated with IC chemo was 70% compared to 61% for ST chemo (p = 0.03), and the OS was 76% with IC chemo compared to 69% for ST chemo (p = 0.03). The 10-year CI of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) for ST chemo was 4.2% [95% confidence interval: 2.4-7.5] compared to 3.2% (95% confidence interval: 1.6-6.3) for IC chemo (p = 0.5). There was a trend towards improved 10-year EFS in those receiving IC chemo both with non-pelvic (N = 477; 71% vs. 64%) and pelvic (N = 90; 67% vs. 43%) primary tumors. Similarly, the 10-year EFS was superior for patients treated with IC chemo in both the < 18 years (N = 500; 73% vs. 64%) and ≥ 18 years (N = 67; 53% vs. 37%) age groups. Among the 184 patients with available histologic response data, the 10-year EFS from the time of local control was 76% for those with < 10% viable tumor and 56% for those with ≥ 10% viable tumor (p = 0.01). Additional analysis comparing patients with any viable tumor vs. no viable tumor (NVT) by treatment regimen demonstrated that patients with NVT who received IC chemo had 10-year EFS and OS from local control of 91% and 97%, respectively. In the 210 patients for whom tumor volume calculations were possible, there was no difference in the 10-year EFS for patients with tumors < 200 mL vs. ≥ 200 mL. Conclusions: With longer term follow-up, IC chemotherapy for localized ES is associated with superior EFS and OS without an increase in SMNs. This study suggests patients ≥ 18 years with poor necrosis or pelvic primary tumors remain at high risk for relapse despite IC chemo, emphasizing the need for alternative treatment strategies to improve their outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT00006734.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cash
- Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Bruce Pawel
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Steven G. DuBois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Damon R. Reed
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The hallmark of lipoblastoma is a PLAG1 fusion. PLAG1 protein overexpression has been reported in sporadic PLAG1-rearranged lipoblastomas. METHODS We evaluated the utility of PLAG1 immunohistochemical staining (IHC) in 34 pediatric lipomatous tumors, correlating the results with histology and conventional cytogenetics, FISH and/or next generation sequencing (NGS) results. RESULTS The study included 24 lipoblastomas, divided into 2 groups designated as "Lipoblastoma 1" with both lipoblastoma histology and PLAG1 rearrangement (n = 16) and "Lipoblastoma 2" with lipoblastoma histology but without PLAG1 cytogenetic rearrangement (n = 8), and 10 lipomas with neither lipoblastoma histology nor a PLAG1 rearrangement. Using the presence of a fusion as the "gold standard" for diagnosing lipoblastoma (Lipoblastoma 1), the sensitivity of PLAG1 IHC was 94%. Using histologic features alone (Lipoblastoma 1 + 2), the sensitivity was 96%. Specificity, as defined by the ability to distinguish lipoma from lipoblastoma, was 100%, as there were no false positives in the lipoma group. CONCLUSIONS Cytogenetics/molecular testing is expensive and may not be ideal for detecting PLAG1 fusions because PLAG1 fusions are often cytogenetically cryptic and NGS panels may not include all partner genes. PLAG1 IHC is an inexpensive surrogate marker of PLAG1 fusions and may be useful in distinguishing lipoblastomas from lipomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Warren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nishant Tiwari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Sabrina Sy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gordana Raca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ryan J Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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13
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Leavey PJ, Laack NN, Krailo MD, Buxton A, Randall RL, DuBois SG, Reed DR, Grier HE, Hawkins DS, Pawel B, Nadel H, Womer RB, Letson GD, Bernstein M, Brown K, Maciej A, Chuba P, Ahmed AA, Indelicato DJ, Wang D, Marina N, Gorlick R, Janeway KA, Mascarenhas L. Phase III Trial Adding Vincristine-Topotecan-Cyclophosphamide to the Initial Treatment of Patients With Nonmetastatic Ewing Sarcoma: A Children's Oncology Group Report. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:4029-4038. [PMID: 34652968 PMCID: PMC8677904 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim of this phase III randomized trial was to test whether the addition of vincristine, topotecan, and cyclophosphamide (VTC) to interval compressed chemotherapy improved survival outcomes for patients with previously untreated nonmetastatic Ewing sarcoma. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to receive standard five-drug interval compressed chemotherapy (regimen A) for 17 cycles or experimental therapy with five cycles of VTC within the 17 cycles (regimen B). Patients were stratified by age at diagnosis (< 18 years and ≥18 years) and tumor site (pelvic bone, nonpelvic bone, and extraosseous). Tumor volume at diagnosis was categorized as < 200 mL or ≥ 200 mL. Local control occurred following six cycles. Histologic response was categorized as no viable or any viable tumor. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between randomized groups with stratified log-rank tests. RESULTS Of 642 enrolled patients, 309 eligible patients received standard and 320 received experimental therapy. The 5-year EFS and OS were 78% and 87%, respectively. There was no difference in survival outcomes between randomized groups (5-year EFS regimen A v regimen B, 78% v 79%; P = .192; 5-year OS 86% v 88%; P = .159). Age and primary site did not affect the risk of an EFS event. However, age ≥ 18 years was associated with an increased risk of death at 5 years (hazard ratio 1.84; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.96; P = .009). The 5-year EFS rates for patients with pelvic, nonpelvic bone, and extraosseous primary tumors were 75%, 78%, and 85%, respectively. Tumor volume ≥ 200 mL was significantly associated with lower EFS. CONCLUSION While VTC added to five-drug interval compressed chemotherapy did not improve survival, these outcomes represent the best survival estimates to date for patients with previously untreated nonmetastatic Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Leavey
- UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas and Children's Health, Children's Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | - Allen Buxton
- Children's Oncology, Operations Office, Monrovia, CA
| | | | - Steven G. DuBois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Damon R. Reed
- Moffitt Cancer Center Adolescent and Young Adult Program, Tampa, FL
| | - Holcombe E. Grier
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Bruce Pawel
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Helen Nadel
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | | | | | - Kenneth Brown
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexis Maciej
- University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Paul Chuba
- St John Hospital and Medical Center, Grosse Pointe, MI
| | | | | | - Dian Wang
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Neyssa Marina
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Katherine A. Janeway
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leo Mascarenhas
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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14
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Raman S, Buongervino SN, Lane MV, Zhelev DV, Zhu Z, Cui H, Martinez B, Martinez D, Wang Y, Upton K, Patel K, Rathi KS, Navia CT, Harmon DB, Li Y, Pawel B, Dimitrov DS, Maris JM, Julien JP, Bosse KR. A GPC2 antibody-drug conjugate is efficacious against neuroblastoma and small-cell lung cancer via binding a conformational epitope. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100344. [PMID: 34337560 PMCID: PMC8324494 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glypican 2 (GPC2) is a MYCN-regulated, differentially expressed cell-surface oncoprotein and target for immune-based therapies in neuroblastoma. Here, we build on GPC2's immunotherapeutic attributes by finding that it is also a highly expressed, MYCN-driven oncoprotein on small-cell lung cancers (SCLCs), with significantly enriched expression in both the SCLC and neuroblastoma stem cell compartment.By solving the crystal structure of the D3-GPC2-Fab/GPC2 complex at 3.3 Å resolution, we further illustrate that the GPC2-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC; D3-GPC2-PBD), that links a human GPC2 antibody (D3) to DNA-damaging pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers, binds a tumor-specific, conformation-dependent epitope of the core GPC2 extracellular domain. We then show that this ADC induces durable neuroblastoma and SCLC tumor regression via induction of DNA damage, apoptosis, and bystander cell killing, notably with no signs of ADC-induced in vivo toxicity. These studies provide preclinical data to support the clinical translation of ADCs targeting GPC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Raman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Samantha N. Buongervino
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria V. Lane
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Doncho V. Zhelev
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Hong Cui
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Martinez
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Kristen Upton
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Khushbu Patel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Komal S. Rathi
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Dimiter S. Dimitrov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - John M. Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kristopher R. Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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Alturkustani M, Schmidt R, Gayer C, Warren M, Navid F, Raca G, Biegel JA, Pawel B, Zhou S. Primary Adrenal Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor in a 14-Year-Old Female: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Surg Pathol 2021; 30:172-176. [PMID: 34106024 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211024331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare, SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1)-deficient, aggressive tumor, occurring predominantly in children below 3 years of age. Primary adrenal MRT is extremely rare, with only 3 cases reported in the literature. A previously healthy 14-year-old female presented with left upper quadrant/epigastric abdominal pain. Imaging studies revealed an 8.0 × 8.0 × 6.5 cm, heterogeneous, partially enhancing mass along the superior margin of the left kidney encasing the adrenal gland. Surgical resection of the tumor revealed a hypercellular heterogeneous neoplasm arising from the adrenal gland. It was composed predominantly of primitive small round blue cells with focal true rosettes and areas of vague glandular epithelial differentiation and chondroid differentiation. Classic rhabdoid-type cytoplasmic inclusions were focally present. Mitoses, tumor necrosis, and hemorrhage were readily seen. Tumor cells showed complete loss of SMARCB1 (INI1) nuclear staining, demonstrated strong, and diffuse positivity for glypican 3, patchy positivity for CD99, cytokeratin, Sal-like protein 4, Lin-28 homolog A, epithelial membrane antigen, and S100. Molecular studies revealed biallelic frameshift mutations in the SMARCB1 gene (c.673delG and c.683dupT) without pathogenic copy number aberrations. The histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings support a diagnosis of MRT. The unusual age, location, and mutations of this case expand the clinicopathologic and molecular spectrum of MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Alturkustani
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,37848King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan Schmidt
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Gayer
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mikako Warren
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fariba Navid
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gordana Raca
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shengmei Zhou
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Galinski B, Luxemburg M, Landesman Y, Pawel B, Johnson KJ, Master SR, Freeman KW, Loeb DM, Hébert JM, Weiser DA. XPO1 inhibition with selinexor synergizes with proteasome inhibition in neuroblastoma by targeting nuclear export of IkB. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101114. [PMID: 33975179 PMCID: PMC8131731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
XPO1 is overabundant in high-risk neuroblastoma and correlates with poor survival. Neuroblastoma cells are sensitive to XPO1 inhibition with selinexor. Use of selinexor results in nuclear retention of IkB, diminishing NF-kB activity. Selinexor and bortezomib act synergistically through promotion of apoptosis. Synergy is mediated in part, through IkB regulation of NF-kB activity.
Across many cancer types in adults, upregulation of the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic transport protein Exportin-1 (XPO1) correlates with poor outcome and responsiveness to selinexor, an FDA-approved XPO1 inhibitor. Similar data are emerging in childhood cancers, for which selinexor is being evaluated in early phase clinical studies. Using proteomic profiling of primary tumor material from patients with high-risk neuroblastoma, as well as gene expression profiling from independent cohorts, we have demonstrated that XPO1 overexpression correlates with poor patient prognosis. Neuroblastoma cell lines are also sensitive to selinexor in the low nanomolar range. Based on these findings and knowledge that bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, blocks degradation of XPO1 cargo proteins, we hypothesized that combination treatment with selinexor and bortezomib would synergistically inhibit neuroblastoma cellular proliferation. We observed that selinexor promoted nuclear retention of IkB and that bortezomib augmented the ability of selinexor to induce cell-cycle arrest and cell death by apoptosis. This synergy was abrogated through siRNA knockdown of IkB. The synergistic effect of combining selinexor and bortezomib in vitro provides rationale for further investigation of this combination treatment for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basia Galinski
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Ullmann 813 Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
| | - Marcus Luxemburg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Ullmann 813 Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | | | - Bruce Pawel
- Clinical Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, United States
| | - Katherine J Johnson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Stephen R Master
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kevin W Freeman
- Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, United States
| | - David M Loeb
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
| | - Jean M Hébert
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Ullmann 813 Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
| | - Daniel A Weiser
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Ullmann 813 Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
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17
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Panwalkar P, Pratt D, Chung C, Dang D, Le P, Martinez D, Bayliss JM, Smith KS, Adam M, Potter S, Northcott PA, Mascarenhas L, Shows J, Pawel B, Margol A, Huang A, Judkins AR, Venneti S. SWI/SNF complex heterogeneity is related to polyphenotypic differentiation, prognosis, and immune response in rhabdoid tumors. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:785-796. [PMID: 31912158 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) arise within (atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor [AT/RT]) or outside the brain (extra [e]CNS-RT) and are driven mainly by inactivation of the SWItch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) complex subunit SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1). A pathognomonic hallmark of RTs is heterogeneous multilineage differentiation, including anomalous neuronal differentiation in some eCNS-RTs. Because remodeling of the SWI/SNF complex regulates differentiation, we hypothesized that SWI/SNF Brahma-associated factors (BAF) and polybromo-associated BAF (PBAF) complex heterogeneity are related to both multilineage differentiation and clinical outcome. METHODS We performed an integrated analysis of SWI/SNF complex alterations in the developing kidney and cerebellum (most common regions of RT origin) in comparison to eCNS-RT (n = 14) and AT/RT (n = 25) tumors. RT samples were interrogated using immunohistochemistry, DNA methylation, and gene expression analyses. RESULTS The SWI/SNF BAF paralogs actin-like protein (ACTL)6A and ACTL6B were expressed in a mutually exclusive manner in the developing cerebellum and kidney. In contrast, a subset of eCNS-RTs lost mutual exclusivity and coexpressed both subunits. These tumors showed aberrant DNA methylation of genes that regulate neuronal and renal development and demonstrated immunohistochemical evidence of neuronal differentiation. In addition, low expression of the PBAF subunit polybromo-1 (PBRM1) identified a group of AT/RTs in younger children with better overall prognosis. PBRM1-low AT/RT and eCNS-RTs showed altered DNA methylation and gene expression in immune-related genes. PBRM1 knockdown resulted in lowering immunosuppressive cytokines, and PBRM1 levels in tumor samples showed an inverse relationship with cluster of differentiation (CD)8 cytotoxic T-cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity in SWI/SNF BAF (ACTL6A/ACTL6B) and PBAF (PBRM1) subunits is related to histogenesis, contributes to the immune microenvironment and prognosis in RTs, and may inform opportunities to develop immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Panwalkar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Drew Pratt
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chan Chung
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Derek Dang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul Le
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jill M Bayliss
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle S Smith
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mike Adam
- Division of Pediatric Urology and Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven Potter
- Division of Pediatric Urology and Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leo Mascarenhas
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jared Shows
- Department of Pathology, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center/Miller Children's Hospital, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ashley Margol
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Annie Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander R Judkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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18
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Samoyedny A, Srinivasan A, States L, Mosse YP, Alai E, Pawel B, Pogoriler J, Shellikeri S, Vatsky S, Acord M, Escobar F, Edgar JC, Maris JM, Cahill AM. Image-Guided Biopsy for Relapsed Neuroblastoma: Focus on Safety, Adequacy for Genetic Sequencing, and Correlation of Tumor Cell Percent With Quantitative Lesion MIBG Uptake. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00171. [PMID: 34250393 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Many novel therapies for relapsed and refractory neuroblastoma require tumor tissue for genomic sequencing. We analyze our experience with image-guided biopsy in these patients, focusing on safety, yield, adequacy for next-generation sequencing (NGS), and correlation of tumor cell percent (TC%) with quantitative uptake on 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) single-photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT/CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS An 11-year retrospective review of image-guided biopsy on 66 patients (30 female), with a median age of 8.7 years (range, 0.9-49 years), who underwent 95 biopsies (55 bone and 40 soft tissue) of relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma lesions was performed. RESULTS There were seven minor complications (7%) and one major complication (1%). Neuroblastoma was detected in 88% of MIBG- or fluorodeoxyglucose-avid foci. The overall NGS adequacy was 69% (64% in bone and 74% in soft tissue, P = .37). NGS adequacy within neuroblastoma-positive biopsies was 88% (82% bone and 96% soft tissue, P = .11). NGS-adequate biopsies had a greater mean TC% than inadequates (51% v 18%, P = .03). NGS-adequate biopsies had a higher mean number of needle passes (7.5 v 3.4, P = .0002). The mean tissue volume from NGS-adequate soft-tissue lesions was 0.16 cm3 ± 0.12. Lesion:liver and lesion:psoas MIBG uptake ratios correlated with TC% (r = 0.74, r = 0.72, and n = 14). Mean TC% in NGS-adequate samples was 51%, corresponding to a lesion:liver ratio of 2.9 and a lesion:psoas ratio of 9.0. Thirty percent of biopsies showed an actionable ALK mutation or other therapeutically relevant variant. CONCLUSION Image-guided biopsy for relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma was safe and likely to provide NGS data to guide therapy decisions. A lesion:liver MIBG uptake ratio of ≥ 3 or a lesion:psoas ratio of > 9 was associated with a TC% sufficient to deliver NGS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Samoyedny
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abhay Srinivasan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lisa States
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yael P Mosse
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emma Alai
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jennifer Pogoriler
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Seth Vatsky
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Acord
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Fernando Escobar
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - John M Maris
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anne Marie Cahill
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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19
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Bosse KR, Raman S, Buongervino S, Lane M, Upton K, Cui H, Martinez B, Martinez D, Zhelev DV, Pawel B, Dimitrov DS, Julien JP, Maris JM. Abstract A26: Characterization and development of a GPC2 ADC for neuroblastoma and other cancers. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedca19-a26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: We previously identified glypican 2 (GPC2) as a MYCN-driven neuroblastoma oncoprotein that is robustly differentially expressed, including expression of a tumor specific isoform (Cancer Cell 2017). We exploited this differential expression by developing an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC; D3-GPC2-PBD) that showed potent efficacy in neuroblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs)/xenografts (n=4) (AACR Annual Meeting 2018).
Methods: To validate GPC2 expression, we performed GPC2-directed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on a high-risk neuroblastoma tumor microarray (n=64 tumors) and flow cytometry on 8 neuroblastoma PDXs. To determine the GPC2 epitope bound by this ADC, we performed X-ray crystallography and mutational studies. To define mechanisms of cytotoxicity, we quantified DNA damage and apoptosis, immunogenic cell death (ICD), and bystander cell killing. Finally, we performed a pan-cancer analysis for GPC2 expression using RNA sequencing, flow cytometry and IHC.
Results: We confirmed GPC2 expression in most high-risk neuroblastomas by IHC (60/64 tumors) and all neuroblastoma PDXs by flow cytometry (8/8 tumors). Additionally, we found a bimodal GPC2 expression pattern in neuroblastoma PDXs (GPC2-Hi and GPC2-UltraHi populations). GPC2-UltraHi cells coexpressed increased levels of the stem cell markers CD133, CD338 and CD117 (e.g., GPC2-UltraHi cell CD133 mean increase mean fluorescent intensity [MFI]=34-fold of GPC2-Hi cells). Forced GPC2 overexpression in SY5Y neuroblastoma cells was sufficient to induce increased stem cell marker expression (e.g., SY5Y-GPC2 CD133 mean increase MFI=3.4-fold of native SY5Y cells). Next, structural studies revealed that the D3-GPC2-Fab binds to a conformational and tumor-specific core GPC2 epitope, findings validated by binding kinetics experiments with GPC2 mutants, and with flow cytometry and ADC susceptibility studies. ADC treatment induced upregulation of γH2AX, cleaved PARP1 and caspase 3, indicative of DNA damage and apoptosis. In addition, we showed translocation of calreticulin to the cell surface and HMGB1 release, consistent with ICD. ADC treatment of co-incubated GPC2-high/low expressing cells induced 10-62% more cytotoxicity than expected, consistent with potent bystander cell killing. Finally, we identified several other cancers that express GPC2 and initially focused on small-cell lung cancers (SCLCs). For SCLCs, we show that GPC2 is also transcriptionally activated by MYCN, expressed at ultrahigh levels on stem cells, is integral in tumor growth and dictates comparable ADC susceptibility. Similar studies in GPC2-expressing pediatric brain tumors are ongoing.
Conclusions: Neuroblastomas robustly express GPC2, including ultrahigh levels in the stem cell compartment. The D3-GPC2-PBD ADC targets a conformational and tumor-specific GPC2 epitope and is potently efficacious against a diverse panel of GPC2-expressing cancers, supporting the clinical development of GPC2-directed ADCs.
Citation Format: Kristopher R. Bosse, Swetha Raman, Samantha Buongervino, Maria Lane, Kristen Upton, Hong Cui, Benjamin Martinez, Daniel Martinez, Doncho V. Zhelev, Bruce Pawel, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Jean-Philippe Julien, John M. Maris. Characterization and development of a GPC2 ADC for neuroblastoma and other cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr A26.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swetha Raman
- 2Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | | | - Maria Lane
- 1Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - Kristen Upton
- 1Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - Hong Cui
- 2Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | - Benjamin Martinez
- 2Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | | | | | - Bruce Pawel
- 4Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - John M. Maris
- 1Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,
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20
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Mascarenhas L, Buxton A, DuBois SG, Wang D, Laack NN, Brown KL, Pawel B, Nadel HR, Davis J, Hawkins DS, Grier HE, Womer RB, Stringham D, Reed DR, Janeway KA, Gorlick RG, Marina N, Bernstein ML, Krailo MD, Leavey P. Maximum tumor dimension and tumor volume as prognostic factors in patients with newly diagnosed localized Ewing sarcoma (ES)- a report from the Children’s Oncology Group (COG). J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.11529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11529 Background: Maximum tumor dimension > 8 cm. and large tumor volume have been reported to be adverse prognostic factors in patients with ES but have not been prospectively evaluated in the context of a phase 3 clinical trial with interval compressed chemotherapy. Methods: COG AEWS1031 (NCT01231906) was a randomized phase 3 clinical trial comparing interval compressed chemotherapy regimens in patients with newly diagnosed localized ES of bone and soft tissue. A correlative objective of AEWS1031 was to evaluate tumor size and volume as prognostic factors. Institution-reported dimensions of the primary tumor from baseline imaging were prospectively collected. For inclusion in this analysis, patients had to have at least 1 tumor dimension reported for tumor size analyses and dimensions in 3 axes for tumor volume analyses. Maximum dimension was dichotomized as less than vs. > / = 8cm. Tumor volume was dichotomized as less than vs. > / = 200 mL. Event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) from enrollment were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods and compared between groups using a two-sided log-rank test. Hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the Cox model. Results: The 5-year EFS and OS of the 629 eligible patients was 78% (95% CI: 75-81%) and 87% (95% CI: 84-90%) respectively and there was no significant difference in both EFS and OS between the randomized interval compressed chemotherapy arms of AEWS1031. 590 of 629 (94%) patients were evaluable for maximum tumor dimension and 307 (52%) had tumors > / = 8 cm. Patients with tumors > / = 8 cm were at significantly increased risk for EFS events (p = 0.016) with estimated 5-year EFS of 73.7% (95% CI: 68.1 vs.78.4%) vs. 82.9% (95% CI 77.7-87.1%) for patients with tumors < 8 cm [HR: 1.53 (1.08-2.17)]. For tumor volume, 586 of 629 patients (93%) were evaluable and 180 (31%) had tumors > / = 200 mL. Patients with tumor volume > / = 200 mL were at significantly increased risk for EFS events (p = 0.003) with estimated 5-year EFS of 70% (95% CI: 62.3-76.4%) vs. 81.6% (95% CI: 77.2-85.2%) for patients with tumors < 200 mL [HR: 1.69 (1.2-2.39)]. Conclusions: Maximum tumor dimension and tumor volume as defined are both prognostic in patients with newly diagnosed localized ES treated with interval compressed chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01231906 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Mascarenhas
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Steven G. DuBois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dian Wang
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Bruce Pawel
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Douglas S. Hawkins
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - Damon R. Reed
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | | | | | - Neyssa Marina
- Stanford University and Lucille Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA
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Sussman RT, Rokita JL, Huang K, Raman P, Rathi KS, Martinez D, Bosse KR, Lane M, Hart LS, Bhatti T, Pawel B, Maris JM. CAMKV Is a Candidate Immunotherapeutic Target in MYCN Amplified Neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:302. [PMID: 32211329 PMCID: PMC7069022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a computational pipeline designed to use RNA sequencing (n = 136) and gene expression profiling (n = 250) data from neuroblastoma tumors to identify cell surface proteins predicted to be highly expressed in MYCN amplified neuroblastomas and with little or no expression in normal human tissues. We then performed ChIP-seq in the MYCN amplified cell lines KELLY, NB-1643, and NGP to identify gene promoters that are occupied by MYCN protein to define the intersection with the differentially-expressed gene list. We initially identified 116 putative immunotherapy targets with predicted transmembrane domains, with the most significant differentially-expressed of these being the calmodulin kinase-like vesicle-associated gene (CAMKV, p = 2 × 10-6). CAMKV encodes a protein that binds calmodulin in the presence of calcium, but lacks the kinase activity of other calmodulin kinase family members. We confirmed that CAMKV is selectively expressed in 7/7 MYCN amplified neuroblastoma cell lines and showed that the transcription of CAMKV is directly controlled by MYCN. From membrane fractionation and immunohistochemistry, we verified that CAMKV is membranous in MYCN amplified neuroblastoma cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. Finally, immunohistochemistry showed that CAMKV is not expressed on normal tissues outside of the central nervous system. Together, these data demonstrate that CAMKV is a differentially-expressed cell surface protein that is transcriptionally regulated by MYCN, making it a candidate for targeting with antibodies or antibody-drug conjugates that do not cross the blood brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn T. Sussman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jo Lynne Rokita
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin Huang
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pichai Raman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Komal S. Rathi
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kristopher R. Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maria Lane
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lori S. Hart
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tricia Bhatti
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John M. Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Weiner AK, Radaoui AB, Tsang M, Martinez D, Sidoli S, Conkrite KL, Delaidelli A, Rokita JL, Lane MV, Vaksman Z, Rathi KS, Raman P, Pogoriler J, Bhatti T, Pawel B, Teicher B, Erickson SW, Sorensen P, Mosse YP, Krytska K, Zammarchi F, Berkel PHV, Smith MA, Garcia BA, Maris JM, Diskin SJ. Abstract LB-B04: A multi-omic surfaceome study identifies DLK1 as an epigenetically regulated protein and immunotherapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-19-lb-b04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonal tumor of the sympathetic nervous system that accounts for 12% of childhood cancer deaths. While the introduction of GD2 immunotherapy provides an improvement in time to progression, the therapy is toxic and impact on overall survival is minimal, supporting an urgent need for novel immunotherapies. To date, the cell surface landscape (surfaceome) of NB remains undefined, hindering the identification of immunotherapeutic targets. Methods: To identify NB surfaceome proteins, we performed plasma membrane protein extraction using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation coupled to mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) in NB cell lines (n=12) and patient derived xenografts (PDX; n=10). These data were integrated with existing RNA-sequencing (NB=153; Normal=7859) and H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing data (from overlapping NB cell lines) to evaluate extracellular proteins differentially expressed in NB compared to normal tissues. Candidate targets were validated by immunohistochemistry on NB tumor and normal tissue microarrays (TMAs), flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. In-vitro functional studies were performed following genetic manipulation of candidate targets to assess cell proliferation, differentiation and viability. Finally, we tested ADCT-701 (a DLK1-directed antibody drug conjugate [ADC] with a pyrrolobenzodiazepine [PBD] warhead) in eight PDX models (study ongoing, total of 12 models initiated) with varying levels of DLK1 expression. At enrollment, two mice were each treated with a single dose of saline or 1mg/kg of B12-PL1601 (non-targeting PBD-conjugated ADC) or 1mg/kg ADCT-701 and mice were evaluated for 100 days or until tumor reached 2.0cm3. Results: We yielded on average 66% (range:60-68%) membrane protein enrichment with high reproducibility between biological replicates (80%; range:78-84%) and identified 4826 unique membrane proteins. Our approach confirmed known cell surface proteins in development as immunotherapeutic targets in NB (ALK, GPC2, NCAM1, DLL3 and CD276). Here, we prioritized DLK1 for further evaluation due to it being the only candidate with expression directly associated with a super enhancer element (P=6.09X10-5). RNA-sequencing and tissue microarray analysis of NB and normal tissues showed DLK1 to be overexpressed in a large subset of high-risk NB with minimal expression in normal tissues, excepting adrenal medulla and pituitary. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence confirmed cell surface expression of DLK1 in a panel of NB cell lines. Genetic depletion of DLK1 using shRNA resulted in neurite outgrowth (P=7.26X10-5) and terminal differentiation. Full proteome analysis of DLK1 knockdown and control cell lines using MS showed regulation of proteins that control outgrowth of neurites (P=3.37X10-3) and development of neurons (P=3.76X10-3). To date, ADCT-701 treatment resulted in maintained complete response (N=2), complete response (N=3) and stable disease (N=1) in models with high DLK1 expression, while those with low/no expression showed disease progression (N=2). Conclusion: DLK1 is an epigenetically regulated immunotherapeutic target in neuroblastoma. ADCT-701 shows potent activity in preclinical models of NB and should be prioritized for clinical development.
Citation Format: Amber K. Weiner, Alexander B. Radaoui, Matthew Tsang, Dan Martinez, Simone Sidoli, Karina L. Conkrite, Alberto Delaidelli, Jo Lynne Rokita, Maria V. Lane, Zalman Vaksman, Komal S. Rathi, Pichai Raman, Jennifer Pogoriler, Tricia Bhatti, Bruce Pawel, Beverly Teicher, Stephen W. Erickson, Poul Sorensen, Yael P. Mosse, Kateryna Krytska, Francesca Zammarchi, Patrick H. van Berkel, Malcolm A. Smith, Benjamin A. Garcia, John M. Maris, Sharon J. Diskin. A multi-omic surfaceome study identifies DLK1 as an epigenetically regulated protein and immunotherapeutic target in neuroblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-B04. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-LB-B04
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew Tsang
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dan Martinez
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria V. Lane
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Pichai Raman
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Tricia Bhatti
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- 4Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Poul Sorensen
- 7Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC
| | - Yael P. Mosse
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- 9The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John M. Maris
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Venneti S, Panwalkar P, Pratt D, Chung C, Dang D, Lee P, Martinez D, Bayliss J, Smith K, Adam M, Potter S, Northcott P, Mascarenhas L, Shows J, Pawel B, Margol A, Huang A, Judkins A. GENE-50. SWI/SNF COMPLEX HETEROGENEITY RELATES WITH POLYPHENOTYPIC DIFFERENTIATION, PROGNOSIS AND IMMUNE RESPONSE IN RHABDOID TUMORS. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
PURPOSE
Rhabdoid tumors (RTs) arise within (Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor-AT/RT) or outside the brain (extraCNS-RT-eCNS-RT) and are driven mainly by inactivation of the SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCB1. A pathognomonic hallmark of RTs is heterogeneity characterized by multilineage differentiation of tumor cells including anomalous neuronal differentiation in a subset of eCNS-RT. The mechanisms that regulate heterogeneity in RTs are unknown. Because remodeling of the SWI/SNF complex regulates differentiation, we hypothesized that SWI/SNF-BAF and PBAF complex heterogeneity correlates with both multilineage differentiation and clinical outcome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We performed an integrated analysis of SWI/SNF complex subunit alterations in the developing kidney and cerebellum (most common regions of origin for RT) in comparison to eCNS-RT (n=14) and AT/RT (n=25) tumors. RT samples were interrogated using immunohistochemistry, DNA methylation and gene expression analyses.
RESULTS
(A) The SWI/SNF-BAF paralogs ACTL6A/ACTL6B were expressed in a mutually exclusive manner in the developing cerebellum and kidney. In contrast, a subset of eCNS-RTs lost mutual exclusivity and co-expressed both subunits. These tumors showed aberrant DNA methylation of genes that regulate neuronal and renal development and demonstrated immunohistochemical evidence of neuronal differentiation. (B) Low expression of the PBAF subunit-PBRM1 identified a group of AT/RTs in younger children with better overall prognosis. PBRM1-low AT/RT and eCNS-RTs showed altered DNA methylation and gene expression in immune-related genes accompanied by increased CD8 cytotoxic T-cell infiltration.
CONCLUSIONS
Heterogeneity in SWI/SNF BAF (ACTL6A/ACTL6B) and PBAF (PBRM1) subunits correlates with histogenesis, contributes to the immune microenvironment and prognosis in RTs and may inform opportunities to develop immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Drew Pratt
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chan Chung
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Derek Dang
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kyle Smith
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mike Adam
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Steve Potter
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Jared Shows
- Long Beach Memorial Medical Center / Miller Children’s Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Margol
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Annie Huang
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Weiner AK, Radaoui AB, Kendsersky NM, Harenza-Rokita JL, Sidoli S, Conkrite KL, Vaksman Z, Rathi K, Raman P, Martinez D, Bhatti T, Tsang M, Pawel B, Garcia BA, Maris JM, Diskin SJ. Abstract 3650: Integrative mass spectrometry and RNA-sequencing identifies DLK1 as a candidate immunotherapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonal tumor of the sympathetic nervous system that accounts for 12% of childhood cancer deaths. Despite multimodal therapy, survival probability for high-risk NB patients remains below 50% and relapsed NB is largely incurable. To date, the cell surface landscape (surfaceome) of NB remains poorly defined. An unbiased survey of these proteins will facilitate the identification of candidate immunotherapeutic targets for preclinical validation.
METHODS. To identify proteins on the cell surface of NB cells, we performed plasma membrane protein extraction utilizing a sucrose density gradient methodology followed by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) in NB cell lines (n=12) and patient derived xenografts (PDX; n=10). We next integrated MS data with RNA-sequencing (NB=153; Normal=7859) data to evaluate proteins with an annotated extracellular domain differentially expressed in NB compared to normal tissues. Candidate immunotherapeutic targets were validated by immunohistochemistry on NB tumor and normal tissue microarray (TMA) and in-vitrofunctional studies were performed following genetic manipulation of candidate targets to assess cell proliferation, differentiation and viability.
RESULTS. We yielded on average 66% (range:60-68%) membrane protein enrichment with high reproducibility between biological replicates (80%; range:78-84%) and identified 4826 unique membrane proteins. Our approach confirmed known cell surface proteins in development as immunotherapeutic targets in NB (ALK, GPC2, NCAM1, DLL3 and CD276). We prioritized DLK1 for further evaluation due to it being the only candidate with expression directly associated with a super enhancer element (P=6.09X10-5). Genetic depletion of DLK1 resulted in neurite outgrowth suggesting induction of terminal differentiation (P=7.26X10-5). Full proteome analysis of DLK1 knockdown and control using MS showed regulation of proteins that promote outgrowth of neurites (P=3.37X10-3) and development of neurons (P=3.76X10-3).
CONCLUSION. We have developed the first MS-based surfaceome of NB. DLK1 is an epigenetically regulated oncoprotein in a large subset of high-risk NBs. We are currently developing antibody drug conjugate therapeutics designed for NBs with proven overexpression of DLK1.
Citation Format: Amber K. Weiner, Alexander B. Radaoui, Nathan M. Kendsersky, Jo Lynne Harenza-Rokita, Simone Sidoli, Karina L. Conkrite, Zalman Vaksman, Komal Rathi, Pichai Raman, Daniel Martinez, Tricia Bhatti, Matthew Tsang, Bruce Pawel, Benjamin A. Garcia, John M. Maris, Sharon J. Diskin. Integrative mass spectrometry and RNA-sequencing identifies DLK1 as a candidate immunotherapeutic target in neuroblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3650.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simone Sidoli
- 1Univ. of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Komal Rathi
- 2Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Pichai Raman
- 2Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Tricia Bhatti
- 2Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Matthew Tsang
- 2Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- 2Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - John M. Maris
- 2Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Venneti S, Panwalkar P, Pratt D, Chung C, Martinez D, Dang D, Bayliss J, Le P, Margol A, Pawel B, Judkins A. ATRT-10. HETEROGENEITY OF BAF AND PBAF SWI/SNF COMPLEX SUBUNITS IN MALIGNANT RHABDOID TUMORS RELATES WITH POLYPHENOTYPIC DIFFERENTIATION AND THE IMMUNE MICROENVIRONMENT. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz036.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Drew Pratt
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chan Chung
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Derek Dang
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Paul Le
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Bruce Pawel
- Children’s Hospital of LA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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26
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Zhao X, Lin F, Surrey L, Luo M, Bauer A, Kreiger P, Pawel B, Pogoriler J, Russo P, Santi M, Li M. 10. The Spectrum of NTRK Fusion-associated Pediatric Tumors. Cancer Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Batsis ID, Offenbacher R, Rybinski B, Pawel B, Weiser DA. Systemic manifestations of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma associated with a novel t(2;22)(q34;q12) EWS translocation in a child and a review of the literature. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018; 35:434-441. [PMID: 30776935 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2018.1557766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC), a soft-tissue sarcoma with unique clinicopathologic features and characteristic chromosomal translocations, is extremely rare in the pediatric population. We, herein, present the case of a 7-year-old boy with profound microcytic hypochromic anemia, poor weight gain and a mid-thoracic paraspinal mass that was identified as EMC. Systemic manifestations of localized, nonmetastatic EMC have never been described in the pediatric population, yet our patient's anemia and poor weight gain resolved after successful surgical resection of the tumor, suggesting that localized EMC can present with systemic manifestations. The tumor also contained a novel t(2;22)(q34;q12) translocation involving the EWSR1 gene, which is consistent with additional reports suggesting that a growing list of translocations can drive formation of, and potential new management strategies for, EMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini D Batsis
- a Johns Hopkins Children's Center , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | | | - Brad Rybinski
- c Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , New York , USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- d Children's Hospital at Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Daniel A Weiser
- b The Children's Hospital at Montefiore , Bronx , New York , USA.,c Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , New York , USA
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28
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Venneti S, Panwalkar P, Chung C, Pratt D, Martinez D, Bayliss J, Paran C, Hawes D, Pawel B, Judkins A. ATRT-22. SWI/SNF COMPLEX HETEROGENEITY RELATES WITH POLYPHENOTYPIC DIFFERENTIATION AND THE IMMUNE MICRO ENVIRONMENT IN RHABDOID TUMORS. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chan Chung
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Drew Pratt
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Debra Hawes
- Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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29
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Ho B, Fonseca A, Al-Karmi S, Margol A, Yao F, Cheng S, Grant R, Handsford J, Gupta A, Vasiljevic A, Pawel B, Jabado N, Hawkins C, Lafay-Cousin L, Judkins A, Bouffet E, Huang A. ATRT-40. IMPACT OF MOLECULAR SUBTYPES ON TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN RHABDOID TUMORS - A REPORT FROM THE RARE TUMOR CONSORTIUM. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ho
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Ashley Margol
- Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fupan Yao
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ronald Grant
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Abha Gupta
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Bruce Pawel
- Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric Bouffet
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annie Huang
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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30
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Bosse KR, Raman P, Zhu Z, Lane M, Martinez D, Heitzeneder S, Rathi KS, Kendsersky NM, Randall M, Donovan L, Morrissy S, Sussman RT, Zhelev DV, Feng Y, Wang Y, Hwang J, Lopez G, Harenza JL, Wei JS, Pawel B, Bhatti T, Santi M, Ganguly A, Khan J, Marra MA, Taylor MD, Dimitrov DS, Mackall CL, Maris JM. Identification of GPC2 as an Oncoprotein and Candidate Immunotherapeutic Target in High-Risk Neuroblastoma. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:295-309.e12. [PMID: 28898695 PMCID: PMC5600520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We developed an RNA-sequencing-based pipeline to discover differentially expressed cell-surface molecules in neuroblastoma that meet criteria for optimal immunotherapeutic target safety and efficacy. Here, we show that GPC2 is a strong candidate immunotherapeutic target in this childhood cancer. We demonstrate high GPC2 expression in neuroblastoma due to MYCN transcriptional activation and/or somatic gain of the GPC2 locus. We confirm GPC2 to be highly expressed on most neuroblastomas, but not detectable at appreciable levels in normal childhood tissues. In addition, we demonstrate that GPC2 is required for neuroblastoma proliferation. Finally, we develop a GPC2-directed antibody-drug conjugate that is potently cytotoxic to GPC2-expressing neuroblastoma cells. Collectively, these findings validate GPC2 as a non-mutated neuroblastoma oncoprotein and candidate immunotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pichai Raman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhongyu Zhu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Maria Lane
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Komal S Rathi
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics and Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathan M Kendsersky
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Randall
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura Donovan
- Division of Neurosurgery and the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sorana Morrissy
- Division of Neurosurgery and the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Robyn T Sussman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Doncho V Zhelev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Yang Feng
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Jennifer Hwang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Gonzalo Lopez
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jo Lynne Harenza
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jun S Wei
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tricia Bhatti
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arupa Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marco A Marra
- Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery and the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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31
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Bosse KR, Raman P, Lane M, Sussman RT, Harenza JL, Martinez D, Heitzeneder S, Zhu Z, Rathi K, Randall M, Donovan L, Morrissy S, Zhelev DV, Feng Y, Hwang J, Wang Y, Pawel B, Bhatti T, Santi M, Khan J, Taylor M, Dimitrov DS, Mackall C, Maris JM. Abstract 685: GPC2 is an oncogene and immunotherapeutic target in high-risk neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: GD2-directed immunotherapeutic strategies have improved outcomes in neuroblastoma; however, the majority of patients treated suffer relapse and GD2 expression on pain fibers causes dose-limiting toxicities.
Methods: To identify alternative cell surface immunotherapeutic targets, we compared high-risk neuroblastoma (n=126 tumors) and normal tissue RNA sequencing data (GTEx; n=7859 samples from 31 normal tissues) and prioritized genes by differential and absolute expression and cell surface prediction. Genes were further surveyed for somatic copy number gain and correlative expression with MYCN amplification. Differential protein expression and localization were confirmed in neuroblastoma primary tumors (n=98), patient-derived xenografts (n=32; PDXs), cell lines (n=23), and normal pediatric tissues (n=36). Cell lines were subjected to candidate gene gain and loss of function studies (n=11). Additional pediatric tumor RNA sequencing data was surveyed followed by confirmatory immunohistochemistry (IHC). Finally, candidate specific antibodies were isolated from a human Fab phage library and utilized for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) engineering followed by cytotoxicity studies.
Results: We identified 33 differentially expressed cell surface molecules from which we prioritized glypican-2 (GPC2) for validation given GPC2’s robust differential expression (log-fold change tumor vs. normal tissue = 1.71-9.22; p=1.99 x 10-9-1.88 x10-300), high-level absolute RNA expression (median FPKM=60), and frequent DNA copy number gain associated with higher GPC2 expression (35%, n=182 tumors; p<0.005). GPC2 expression was also higher in MYCN amplified neuroblastomas (p<0.05), MYCN binds the GPC2 promoter shown by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing and reporter assays, and MYCN depletion resulted in decreased GPC2 expression. Immunoblot, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and IHC analysis of primary tumors, PDXs, and cell lines confirmed dense cell surface GPC2 expression. Medulloblastomas (n=62) were also found to have high GPC2 expression that positively correlated with MYC, MYCN, and GPC2 loci gain (p<0.0001). Pediatric normal tissues had very restricted cell surface GPC2 expression, with only low levels found in the esophagus and skin. GPC2 depletion in neuroblastoma cell lines resulted in apoptosis and growth inhibition and GPC2 forced over-expression increased neuroblastoma cell proliferation (p<0.001 for all assays). Finally, a human GPC2 antibody, D3-GPC2-Fab, was developed and shown to bind GPC2 with high affinity and specificity. D3-GPC2-IgG1 induced internalization of GPC2 and was conjugated to pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers to form an ADC which induced potent and specific cytotoxicity to GPC2 expressing neuroblastoma cells (IC50 = 1.7-11 pM).
Conclusions: GPC2 is an oncogene and immunotherapeutic target in neuroblastoma and potentially other cancers.
Citation Format: Kristopher R. Bosse, Pichai Raman, Maria Lane, Robyn T. Sussman, Jo Lynne Harenza, Daniel Martinez, Sabine Heitzeneder, Zhongyu Zhu, Komal Rathi, Michael Randall, Laura Donovan, Sorana Morrissy, Doncho V. Zhelev, Yang Feng, Jennifer Hwang, Yanping Wang, Bruce Pawel, Tricia Bhatti, Mariarita Santi, Javed Khan, Michael Taylor, Dimiter S. Dimitrov, Crystal Mackall, John M. Maris. GPC2 is an oncogene and immunotherapeutic target in high-risk neuroblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 685. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-685
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pichai Raman
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Maria Lane
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Komal Rathi
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Laura Donovan
- 4Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce Pawel
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tricia Bhatti
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John M. Maris
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Liu Z, Lam N, Wang E, Virden RA, Pawel B, Attiyeh EF, Maris JM, Thiele CJ. Identification of CASZ1 NES reveals potential mechanisms for loss of CASZ1 tumor suppressor activity in neuroblastoma. Oncogene 2016; 36:97-109. [PMID: 27270431 PMCID: PMC5140774 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As a transcription factor, localization to the nucleus and the recruitment of cofactors to regulate gene transcription is essential. Nuclear localization and nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase (NuRD) complex binding are required for the zinc-finger transcription factor CASZ1 to function as a neuroblastoma (NB) tumor suppressor. However, the critical amino acids (AAs) that are required for CASZ1 interaction with NuRD complex and the regulation of CASZ1 subcellular localization have not been characterized. Through alanine scanning, immunofluorescence cell staining and co-immunoprecipitation, we define a critical region at the CASZ1 N terminus (AAs 23-40) that mediates the CASZ1b nuclear localization and NuRD interaction. Furthermore, we identified a nuclear export signal (NES) at the N terminus (AAs 176-192) that contributes to CASZ1 nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling in a chromosomal maintenance 1-dependent manner. An analysis of CASZ1 protein expression in a primary NB tissue microarray shows that high nuclear CASZ1 staining is detected in tumor samples from NB patients with good prognosis. In contrast, cytoplasmic-restricted CASZ1 staining or low nuclear CASZ1 staining is found in tumor samples from patients with poor prognosis. These findings provide insight into mechanisms by which CASZ1 regulates transcription, and suggests that regulation of CASZ1 subcellular localization may impact its function in normal development and pathologic conditions such as NB tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N Lam
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E Wang
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R A Virden
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Pawel
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E F Attiyeh
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J M Maris
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C J Thiele
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Majzner RG, Martinez D, Pawel B, Santi M, Sorensen P, Mackall C, Maris JM. Assessment of PD-L1 expression and tumor associated immune cells in pediatric cancer tissues. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.11542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruce Pawel
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Poul Sorensen
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Crystal Mackall
- National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - John M. Maris
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Evageliou NF, Haber M, Vu A, Laetsch TW, Murray J, Gamble LD, Cheng NC, Liu K, Reese M, Corrigan KA, Ziegler DS, Webber H, Hayes CS, Pawel B, Marshall GM, Zhao H, Gilmour SK, Norris MD, Hogarty MD. Polyamine Antagonist Therapies Inhibit Neuroblastoma Initiation and Progression. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4391-404. [PMID: 27012811 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deregulated MYC drives oncogenesis in many tissues yet direct pharmacologic inhibition has proven difficult. MYC coordinately regulates polyamine homeostasis as these essential cations support MYC functions, and drugs that antagonize polyamine sufficiency have synthetic-lethal interactions with MYC Neuroblastoma is a lethal tumor in which the MYC homologue MYCN, and ODC1, the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis, are frequently deregulated so we tested optimized polyamine depletion regimens for activity against neuroblastoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used complementary transgenic and xenograft-bearing neuroblastoma models to assess polyamine antagonists. We investigated difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; an inhibitor of Odc, the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis), SAM486 (an inhibitor of Amd1, the second rate-limiting enzyme), and celecoxib (an inducer of Sat1 and polyamine catabolism) in both the preemptive setting and in the treatment of established tumors. In vitro assays were performed to identify mechanisms of activity. RESULTS An optimized polyamine antagonist regimen using DFMO and SAM486 to inhibit both rate-limiting enzymes in polyamine synthesis potently blocked neuroblastoma initiation in transgenic mice, underscoring the requirement for polyamines in MYC-driven oncogenesis. Furthermore, the combination of DFMO with celecoxib was found to be highly active, alone, and combined with numerous chemotherapy regimens, in regressing established tumors in both models, including tumors harboring highest risk genetic lesions such as MYCN amplification, ALK mutation, and TP53 mutation with multidrug resistance. CONCLUSIONS Given the broad preclinical activity demonstrated by polyamine antagonist regimens across diverse in vivo models, clinical investigation of such approaches in neuroblastoma and potentially other MYC-driven tumors is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4391-404. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F Evageliou
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Center for Childhood Cancer Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Annette Vu
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jayne Murray
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura D Gamble
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Kangning Liu
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan Reese
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly A Corrigan
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia. Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hannah Webber
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Candice S Hayes
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia. Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan K Gilmour
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia. Center for Childhood Cancer Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Singh N, Kulikovskaya I, Barrett DM, Binder-Scholl G, Jakobsen B, Martinez D, Pawel B, June CH, Kalos MD, Grupp SA. T cells targeting NY-ESO-1 demonstrate efficacy against disseminated neuroblastoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1040216. [PMID: 26942053 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 is expressed by many solid tumors and has limited expression by mature somatic tissues, making it a highly attractive target for tumor immunotherapy. Targeting NY-ESO-1 using engineered T cells has demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of some adult tumors. Neuroblastoma is a significant cause of cancer mortality in children, and is a tumor type shown to be responsive to immunotherapies. We evaluated a large panel of primarily resected neuroblastoma samples and demonstrated that 23% express NY-ESO-1. After confirming antigen-specific activity of T cells genetically engineered to express an NY-ESO-1 directed high-affinity transgenic T cell receptor in vitro, we performed xenograft mouse studies assessing the efficacy of NY-ESO-1-targeted T cells in both localized and disseminated models of neuroblastoma. Disease responses were monitored by tumor volume measurement and in vivo bioluminescence. After delivery of NY-ESO-1 transgenic TCR T cells, we observed significant delay of tumor progression in mice bearing localized and disseminated neuroblastoma, as well as enhanced animal survival. These data demonstrate that NY-ESO-1 is an antigen target in neuroblastoma and that targeted T cells represent a potential therapeutic option for patients with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Irina Kulikovskaya
- Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Barrett
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Abramson Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D Kalos
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephan A Grupp
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Majzner RG, Simon JS, Grosso JF, Martinez D, Pawel B, Santi-Vincini M, Merchant MS, Sorensen P, Mackall CL, Maris JM. Abstract 249: Assessment of PD-L1 expression and tumor-associated lymphocytes in pediatric cancer tissues. Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Zhang J, Fan J, Venneti S, Cross JR, Takagi T, Bhinder B, Djaballah H, Kanai M, Cheng EH, Judkins AR, Pawel B, Baggs J, Cherry S, Rabinowitz JD, Thompson CB. Asparagine plays a critical role in regulating cellular adaptation to glutamine depletion. Mol Cell 2014; 56:205-218. [PMID: 25242145 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer cells consume large quantities of glutamine to maintain TCA cycle anaplerosis and support cell survival. It was therefore surprising when RNAi screening revealed that suppression of citrate synthase (CS), the first TCA cycle enzyme, prevented glutamine-withdrawal-induced apoptosis. CS suppression reduced TCA cycle activity and diverted oxaloacetate, the substrate of CS, into production of the nonessential amino acids aspartate and asparagine. We found that asparagine was necessary and sufficient to suppress glutamine-withdrawal-induced apoptosis without restoring the levels of other nonessential amino acids or TCA cycle intermediates. In complete medium, tumor cells exhibiting high rates of glutamine consumption underwent rapid apoptosis when glutamine-dependent asparagine synthesis was suppressed, and expression of asparagine synthetase was statistically correlated with poor prognosis in human tumors. Coupled with the success of L-asparaginase as a therapy for childhood leukemia, the data suggest that intracellular asparagine is a critical suppressor of apoptosis in many human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jing Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Justin R Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Toshimitsu Takagi
- High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bhavneet Bhinder
- High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hakim Djaballah
- High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Masayuki Kanai
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander R Judkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julie Baggs
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Craig B Thompson
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Bosse KR, Shukla AR, Pawel B, Chikwava KR, Santi M, Tooke L, Castagna K, Biegel JA, Bagatell R. Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the bladder and ganglioglioma in a 14 year-old male with a germline 22q11.2 deletion. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:415-9. [PMID: 25018128 PMCID: PMC7412592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are rare pediatric malignancies characterized by clinically aggressive lesions that typically show loss of SMARCB1 expression. We herein describe a case of a malignant rhabdoid tumor of the bladder in a 14-year-old male with an autism spectrum disorder and a de novo 3 Mb germline deletion in chromosome band 22q11.2 that included the SMARCB1 gene. The malignancy developed in the setting of chronic hematuria (>2 years) following the occurrence of two other lesions: a central nervous system ganglioglioma and an intraoral dermoid cyst. MRTs of the bladder are exceedingly rare, and this patient is the oldest child reported with this tumor to date. This case adds to the growing body of literature regarding the recently described, phenotypically diverse, distal 22q11.2 syndrome. Furthermore, this is the first reported case in which an MRT of the bladder appears to have developed from a pre-existing bladder lesion. Finally, this case further supports a rhabdoid tumorigenesis model in which heterozygous loss of SMARCB1 predisposes to initial tumor formation with intact SMARCB1 expression, with subsequent inactivation of the other SMARCB1 allele, which results in transformation into more malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aseem R Shukla
- Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kudakwashe R Chikwava
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura Tooke
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine Castagna
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rochelle Bagatell
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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Oshrine BR, Olsen MN, Heneghan M, Wertheim G, Daber R, Wilmoth DM, Biegel JA, Pawel B, Aplenc R, King RL. Acquired isochromosome 12p, somatic TP53 and PTEN mutations, and a germline ATM variant in an adolescent male with concurrent acute megakaryoblastic leukemia and mediastinal germ cell tumor. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:153-9. [PMID: 24831771 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have described an association between hematologic malignancies (HMs) and extragonadal germ cell tumor (GCT). Most patients have been adolescent males with mediastinal nonseminomatous GCT. Although a variety of HMs have been reported, there is a striking predilection toward acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL). Shared cytogenetic anomalies--particularly isochromosome 12p [i(12p)]--have suggested common clonal origins to the tumors. We report the case of a 17-year-old boy presenting with AMKL and a synchronous mediastinal GCT, with the characteristic i(12p) in both neoplasms. The common clonal origin of the AMKL and GCT was further confirmed with massively parallel sequencing, which identified somatic TP53 and PTEN mutations, as well as a rare germline ATM variant. Although these represent commonly mutated genes in cancer, this combination of mutations is not typically associated with either GCT or AMKL, suggesting that these tumors may represent unique biologic entities when they co-occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Oshrine
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Molly N Olsen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mallorie Heneghan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerald Wertheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Daber
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Center for Personalized Diagnostics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donna M Wilmoth
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Center for Personalized Diagnostics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Aplenc
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca L King
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Li Q, Brodsky JL, Conlin LK, Pawel B, Glatz AC, Gafni RI, Schurgers L, Uitto J, Hakonarson H, Deardorff MA, Levine MA. Mutations in the ABCC6 gene as a cause of generalized arterial calcification of infancy: genotypic overlap with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:658-665. [PMID: 24008425 PMCID: PMC3945730 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital calcification of large- and medium-sized arteries, associated with early myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke, and premature death. Most cases of GACI are caused by mutations in the ENPP1 gene. We first studied two siblings with GACI from a non-consanguineous family without mutations in the ENPP1 gene. To search for disease-causing mutations, we identified genomic regions shared between the two affected siblings but not their unaffected parents or brother. The ABCC6 gene, which is mutated in pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), resided within a small region of homozygosity shared by the affected siblings. Sequence analysis of ABCC6 revealed that the two affected siblings were homozygous for the missense mutation p.R1314W. Subsequently, ABCC6 mutations were identified in five additional GACI families with normal ENPP1 sequences. Genetic mutations in ABCC6 in patients with PXE are associated with ectopic tissue mineralization in the skin and arterial blood vessels. Thus, our findings provide additional evidence that the ABCC6 gene product inhibits calcification under physiologic conditions and confirm a second locus for GACI. In addition, our study emphasizes the potential utility of shared homozygosity mapping to identify genetic causes of inherited disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Li
- Departments of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jill L Brodsky
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura K Conlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Andrew C Glatz
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel I Gafni
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Departments of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew A Deardorff
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael A Levine
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Rader J, Russell MR, Hart LS, Nakazawa MS, Belcastro LT, Martinez D, Li Y, Carpenter EL, Attiyeh EF, Diskin SJ, Kim S, Parasuraman S, Caponigro G, Schnepp RW, Wood AC, Pawel B, Cole KA, Maris JM. Dual CDK4/CDK6 inhibition induces cell-cycle arrest and senescence in neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6173-82. [PMID: 24045179 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer that continues to exact significant morbidity and mortality. Recently, a number of cell-cycle proteins, particularly those within the Cyclin D/CDK4/CDK6/RB network, have been shown to exert oncogenic roles in neuroblastoma, suggesting that their therapeutic exploitation might improve patient outcomes. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES We evaluated the effect of dual CDK4/CDK6 inhibition on neuroblastoma viability using LEE011 (Novartis Oncology), a highly specific CDK4/6 inhibitor. RESULTS Treatment with LEE011 significantly reduced proliferation in 12 of 17 human neuroblastoma-derived cell lines by inducing cytostasis at nanomolar concentrations (mean IC50 = 307 ± 68 nmol/L in sensitive lines). LEE011 caused cell-cycle arrest and cellular senescence that was attributed to dose-dependent decreases in phosphorylated RB and FOXM1, respectively. In addition, responsiveness of neuroblastoma xenografts to LEE011 translated to the in vivo setting in that there was a direct correlation of in vitro IC50 values with degree of subcutaneous xenograft growth delay. Although our data indicate that neuroblastomas sensitive to LEE011 were more likely to contain genomic amplification of MYCN (P = 0.01), the identification of additional clinically accessible biomarkers is of high importance. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data show that LEE011 is active in a large subset of neuroblastoma cell line and xenograft models, and supports the clinical development of this CDK4/6 inhibitor as a therapy for patients with this disease. Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6173-82. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieann Rader
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research; Division of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Rader J, Hart L, Russell M, Nakazawa M, Belcastro L, Martinez D, Carpenter E, Kim S, Parasuraman S, Caponigro G, Schnepp R, Wood A, Pawel B, Watson D, Warren P, Cole K, Maris J. Abstract 2744: CDK4/CDK6 inhibition is potently active in a definable subset of human neuroblastomas. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Neuroblastoma is a pediatric embryonal cancer for which the survival of patients with high-risk disease is less than 50% and has not dramatically changed over the last several years. Recently, a number of cell cycle genes_particularly those within the Cyclin D/CDK4/CDK6/RB network_have been identified as oncogenic vulnerabilities in neuroblastoma, suggesting that their therapeutic exploitation might improve survivability. Indeed, genomic amplifications of CDK4, CDK6, and CCND1 have been reported in primary neuroblastomas, and we have previously shown via an unbiased loss of function screen that CDK4 depletion is associated with potent anti-tumor activity (Cole, PNAS 2011). Here, we sought to translate these findings into novel therapies for children with neuroblastoma by evaluating the effect of pharmacologic Cdk4/Cdk6 inhibition on neuroblastoma viability.
Methods: We analyzed the effect of combined Cdk4/6 inhibition in a comprehensive panel of human-derived neuroblastoma cell lines using LEE011, a highly specific Cdk4/6 small molecule inhibitor. Anti-tumor activity was also determined in vivo in three neuroblastoma xenograft models, and integrative genomics was used to identify biomarkers of drug sensitivity.
Results: Treatment with LEE011 significantly inhibited proliferation in 10 of 15 human neuroblastoma-derived cell lines by inducing cytostasis at nanomolar concentrations (mean IC50 = 361 ± 97 nM, considering sensitive lines only), as evidenced by significant cell cycle arrest and senescence that were likely attributed to dose-dependent decreases in phosphorylated RB and FOXM1. In addition, responsiveness of neuroblastoma xenografts to LEE011 was reflective of in vitro data in that there was a direct correlation of IC50 values with degree of subcutaneous xenograft growth delay, with the most sensitive lines in vitro showing profound growth inhibition in vivo. While our data indicate that neuroblastomas sensitive to LEE011 were more likely to contain genomic amplification of MYCN (p= 0.04, student's t test), a supervised hierarchical clustering of gene expression data identified several potential gene signatures that could explain the observed differential sensitivity to Cdk4/6 inhibition.
Conclusions: Our data show that LEE011 is highly active in a large subset of neuroblastoma cell lines and xenograft models, and therefore support the clinical development of LEE011 as a therapy for neuroblastoma as well as efforts to validate biomarkers of drug activity.
Citation Format: JulieAnn Rader, Lori Hart, Mike Russell, Michael Nakazawa, Lili Belcastro, Daniel Martinez, Erica Carpenter, Sunkyu Kim, Sudha Parasuraman, Giordano Caponigro, Robert Schnepp, Andrew Wood, Bruce Pawel, Deborah Watson, Patrick Warren, Kristina Cole, John Maris. CDK4/CDK6 inhibition is potently active in a definable subset of human neuroblastomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2744. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2744
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori Hart
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mike Russell
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sunkyu Kim
- 2Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Wood
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Kristina Cole
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Maris
- 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Russell MR, Levin K, Rader J, Belcastro L, Li Y, Martinez D, Pawel B, Shumway SD, Maris JM, Cole KA. Combination therapy targeting the Chk1 and Wee1 kinases shows therapeutic efficacy in neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2012; 73:776-84. [PMID: 23135916 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is uniquely sensitive to single-agent inhibition of the DNA damage checkpoint kinase Chk1, leading us to examine downstream effectors of this pathway and identify mitotic regulator Wee1 as an additional therapeutic target in this disease. Wee1 was overexpressed in both neuroblastoma cell lines and high-risk patient tumors. Genetic or pharmacologic abrogation of Wee1 signaling results in marked cytotoxicity in 10 of 11 neuroblastoma cell lines with a median IC(50) of 300 nmol/L for the Wee1-selective small-molecule inhibitor MK-1775. Murine tumor lines derived from mice that were either heterozygous or homozygous for MycN were particularly sensitive to single-agent inhibition of Wee1 (IC(50)s of 160 and 62 nmol/L, respectively). Simultaneous pharmacologic inhibition of Chk1 and Wee1 acted in a synergistic fashion to further impede neuroblastoma cell growth in vitro, in a manner greater than the individual inhibitors either alone or combined with chemotherapy. Combination Chk1 and Wee1 inhibition also revealed in vivo efficacy in neuroblastoma xenografts. Taken together, our results show that neuroblastoma cells depend on Wee1 activity for growth and that inhibition of this kinase may serve as a therapeutic for patients with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike R Russell
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Qing G, Skuli N, Mayes PA, Pawel B, Martinez D, Maris JM, Simon MC. Combinatorial regulation of neuroblastoma tumor progression by N-Myc and hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1alpha. Cancer Res 2010; 70:10351-61. [PMID: 20961996 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In human neuroblastoma, amplification of the MYCN gene predicts poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. Because hypoxia contributes to aggressive tumor phenotypes, predominantly via two structurally related hypoxia inducible factors, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, we examined hypoxia responses in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. We demonstrate here that HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, is preferentially expressed in both MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells and primary tumors in comparison to samples without MYCN amplification. Our results showed that interplay between N-Myc and HIF-1α plays critical roles in neuroblastoma. For example, high levels of N-Myc override HIF-1α inhibition of cell cycle progression, enabling continued proliferation under hypoxia. Furthermore, both HIF-1α and N-Myc are essential for the Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis) in neuroblastomas by activating the transcription of multiple glycolytic genes. Of note, expressions of Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1 (PGK1), Hexokinase 2 (HK2), and Lactate Dehydrogenase A (LDHA) were each significantly higher in MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas than in tumors without MYCN amplification. Interestingly, MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells are "addicted" to LDHA enzymatic activity, as its depletion completely inhibits tumorigenesis in vivo. Thus, our results provide mechanistic insights explaining how MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells contend with hypoxic stress and paradoxically how hypoxia contributes to neuroblastoma aggressiveness through combinatorial effects of N-Myc and HIF-1α. These results also suggest that LDHA represents a novel, pharmacologically tractable target for neuroblastoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Qing
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Servaes S, Bellah R, Verma R, Pawel B. Lipoprotein lipase deficiency with visceral xanthomas. Pediatr Radiol 2010; 40:1440-2. [PMID: 20143060 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-010-1560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LLD) is a rare metabolic disorder that typically presents with skin xanthomas and pancreatitis in childhood. We report a case of LLD in an infant who presented with jaundice caused by a pancreatic head mass. Abdominal imaging also incidentally revealed hyperechoic renal masses caused by renal xanthomas. This appearance of the multiple abdominal masses makes this a unique infantile presentation of LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Servaes
- Department of Radiology, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Balamuth NJ, Wood A, Wang Q, Jagannathan J, Mayes P, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Rappaport E, Courtright J, Pawel B, Weber B, Wooster R, Sekyere EO, Marshall GM, Maris JM. Serial transcriptome analysis and cross-species integration identifies centromere-associated protein E as a novel neuroblastoma target. Cancer Res 2010; 70:2749-58. [PMID: 20233875 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer genomic studies that rely on analysis of biopsies from primary tumors may not fully identify the molecular events associated with tumor progression. We hypothesized that characterizing the transcriptome during tumor progression in the TH-MYCN transgenic model would identify oncogenic drivers that would be targetable therapeutically. We quantified expression of 32,381 murine genes in nine hyperplastic ganglia harvested at three time points and four tumor cohorts of progressively larger size in mice homozygous for the TH-MYCN transgene. We found 93 genes that showed a linearly increasing or decreasing pattern of expression from the preneoplastic ganglia to end stage tumors. Cross-species integration identified 24 genes that were highly expressed in human MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas. The genes prioritized were not exclusively driven by increasing Myc transactivation or proliferative rate. We prioritized three targets [centromere-associated protein E (Cenpe), Gpr49, and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase type II] with previously determined roles in cancer. Using siRNA knockdown in human neuroblastoma cell lines, we further prioritized CENPE due to inhibition of cellular proliferation. Targeting CENPE with the small molecular inhibitor GSK923295 showed inhibition of in vitro proliferation of 19 neuroblastoma cell lines (median IC(50), 41 nmol/L; range, 27-266 nmol/L) and delayed tumor growth in three xenograft models (P values ranged from P < 0.0001 to P = 0.018). We provide preclinical validation that serial transcriptome analysis of a transgenic mouse model followed by cross-species integration is a useful method to identify therapeutic targets and identify CENPE as a novel therapeutic candidate in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi J Balamuth
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Qing G, Mayes P, Pawel B, Martinez D, Maris JM, Simon MC. Abstract C15: Combinatorial regulation of neuroblastoma tumor progression by HIF1α and N-myc transcriptional factors. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.fbcr09-c15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Deregulation of Myc and activation of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) frequently occur in solid tumors. In human neuroblastoma, amplification of the N-MYC gene predicts poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. Interestingly, we demonstrated here that HIF1α, but not HIF2α, is preferentially expressed in both N-MYC amplified neuroblastoma cells and primary tumors in comparison to non-amplified ones. Expression of HIF2α in N-MYC amplified cells appears to be silenced largely through DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. Interplay between N-Myc and HIF1α plays critical roles in progression of neuroblastomas. On one hand, N-Myc overrides the inhibitory function of HIF1α on cell cycle progression under hypoxia, which frequently occurs in solid tumors and is well known to inhibit cell growth. Of note, proliferation of N-MYC amplified cells is largely unaltered under hypoxia. On the other hand, HIF1α, together with N-Myc, cooperates to regulate aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) of neuroblastoma. The near-universal glycolytic switch of N-MYC amplified neuroblastoma cells may be an essential tumor trait and a consequence of the cellular adaptation to intermittent hypoxia. Targeting either HIF1α or N-Myc significantly decreases expression of genes involved in glycolysis, such as lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and inhibits cell proliferation in vitro under normoxia. Strikingly, N-MYC amplified cells are addicted to LDHA expression. Reduction in LDHA activity completely inhibits their proliferation under both normoxia and hypoxia. Taken together, our results demonstrate that neuroblastoma cells differentially respond to hypoxia with distinct HIFα induction patterns, and suggest the HIF1α/N-Myc axis may represent a pharmacologically tractable pathway for the potential treatment of N-MYC amplified neuroblastomas. In particular, we propose targeting LDHA may be a promising and nontoxic approach in treatment of N-MYC amplified neuroblastomas, given that depletion of LDHA expression completely inhibits growth of N-MYC amplified cells and individuals deficient in LDHA expression show no obvious symptoms under normal conditions.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Qing
- 1 Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - Patrick Mayes
- 2 Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bruce Pawel
- 2 Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel Martinez
- 2 Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John M. Maris
- 2 Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M. Celeste Simon
- 1 Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,
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Wood AC, Laudenslager M, Haglund EA, Attiyeh EF, Pawel B, Courtright J, Plegaria J, Christensen JG, Maris JM, Mosse YP. Inhibition of ALK mutated neuroblastomas by the selective inhibitor PF-02341066. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.10008b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10008b Background: Mutations in the ALK oncogene are the major cause of hereditary neuroblastoma (NB), and may offer a tractable therapeutic target. Methods: We resequenced the ALK tyrosine kinase domain in 496 primary NBs. We integrated data from 76 primary tumors analyzed using Illumina HumanHap550 SNP and Human-6 mRNA expression arrays. We stained a tissue microarray (TMA) of 134 NBs with anti-ALK and anti-pALK antibodies. We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of PF-02341066, a small molecule inhibitor of ALK. Computational chemistry was used to homology map ALK interaction with PF-02341066. Results: Mutations were discovered in 38/496 NBs (8%), across the spectrum of phenotypes. R1275Q substitutions were most common (45%), followed by F1174L (15%). Evaluation of matched constitutional DNAs demonstrated 10% carried occult germline mutations. Integration of primary tumor microarrays from 76 samples showed that ALK mRNA expression was highly correlated with ALK DNA copy number (p=0.0005). ALK protein was nearly universally expressed (129/134; 93%), and there was evidence for ALK activation in 15% of tumors (pALK moderate or strong staining in 20/134), suggesting an additional and alternative pathway to ALK activation. A panel of 18 NB cell lines showed differential in vitro sensitivity to PF-2341066 dependent on ALK mutation and copy number status. A wild type (WT) amplified line and 2 lines harboring R1275Q mutations were sensitive (IC50 145 - 301 nM). Lines harboring F1174L mutations were more resistant (IC50 >950nM) as were lines with no ALK aberrations. Inhibition of proliferation was associated with abolishing phosphorylation of ALK, STAT3 and AKT. PF-02341066 caused complete regression of R1275Q xenografts, but caused only minimal growth delay in F1174L and WT xenografts. Based on homology mapping to a crystal structure of PF-02341066 bound to c-Met, the F1174L mutation is predicted to destabilize the specific conformation of the kinase activation loop required for binding PF-02341066. Conclusions: ALK pathway activation occurs in at least 15% of human neuroblastomas. PF-02341066 is a potent inhibitor of the most common ALK mutation, but there is a structural basis for resistance to F1174L mutations. Co-crystallization studies are ongoing and a phase 1 study is planned. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Wood
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Pfizer Global Research & Development, San Diego, CA
| | - M. Laudenslager
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Pfizer Global Research & Development, San Diego, CA
| | - E. A. Haglund
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Pfizer Global Research & Development, San Diego, CA
| | - E. F. Attiyeh
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Pfizer Global Research & Development, San Diego, CA
| | - B. Pawel
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Pfizer Global Research & Development, San Diego, CA
| | - J. Courtright
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Pfizer Global Research & Development, San Diego, CA
| | - J. Plegaria
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Pfizer Global Research & Development, San Diego, CA
| | - J. G. Christensen
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Pfizer Global Research & Development, San Diego, CA
| | - J. M. Maris
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Pfizer Global Research & Development, San Diego, CA
| | - Y. P. Mosse
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Pfizer Global Research & Development, San Diego, CA
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Hogarty MD, Norris MD, Davis K, Liu X, Evageliou NF, Hayes CS, Pawel B, Guo R, Zhao H, Sekyere E, Keating J, Thomas W, Cheng NC, Murray J, Smith J, Sutton R, Venn N, London WB, Buxton A, Gilmour SK, Marshall GM, Haber M. ODC1 is a critical determinant of MYCN oncogenesis and a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2009; 68:9735-45. [PMID: 19047152 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a frequently lethal childhood tumor in which MYC gene deregulation, commonly as MYCN amplification, portends poor outcome. Identifying the requisite biopathways downstream of MYC may provide therapeutic opportunities. We used transcriptome analyses to show that MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas have coordinately deregulated myriad polyamine enzymes (including ODC1, SRM, SMS, AMD1, OAZ2, and SMOX) to enhance polyamine biosynthesis. High-risk tumors without MYCN amplification also overexpress ODC1, the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, when compared with lower-risk tumors, suggesting that this pathway may be pivotal. Indeed, elevated ODC1 (independent of MYCN amplification) was associated with reduced survival in a large independent neuroblastoma cohort. As polyamines are essential for cell survival and linked to cancer progression, we studied polyamine antagonism to test for metabolic dependence on this pathway in neuroblastoma. The Odc inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) inhibited neuroblast proliferation in vitro and suppressed oncogenesis in vivo. DFMO treatment of neuroblastoma-prone genetically engineered mice (TH-MYCN) extended tumor latency and survival in homozygous mice and prevented oncogenesis in hemizygous mice. In the latter, transient Odc ablation permanently prevented tumor onset consistent with a time-limited window for embryonal tumor initiation. Importantly, we show that DFMO augments antitumor efficacy of conventional cytotoxics in vivo. This work implicates polyamine biosynthesis as an arbiter of MYCN oncogenesis and shows initial efficacy for polyamine depletion strategies in neuroblastoma, a strategy that may have utility for this and other MYC-driven embryonal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Hogarty
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4318, USA.
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Winter C, Pawel B, Seiser E, Zhao H, Raabe E, Wang Q, Judkins AR, Attiyeh E, Maris JM. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) isoform expression is associated with neuroblastoma differentiation status. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 51:10-6. [PMID: 18213713 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NCAM is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules. While highly expressed on neuroblastoma cells, the relative contribution of the three major NCAM isoforms (120, 140, and 180 kDa) to neuroblastoma biology has not been investigated. METHODS NCAM protein expression was measured in a neuroblastic tumor tissue microarray (N = 185) by immunohistochemistry. Relative expression of NCAM mRNA isoforms was measured in a panel of 24 human neuroblastomas and compared to fetal and adult human brain using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis. Associations with clinical and tumor biological co-variates were performed. RESULTS NCAM protein was detected on all neuroblastic tumors and was highly expressed in all but 7/167 cases. The mRNA species predicted to encode the 120 kDa protein species was the most abundant isoform in adult brain, ganglioneuromas and ganglioneuroblastomas (P = 0.0007), but the mRNA predicted to encode the 180 kDa species was predominant in neuroblastomas (P = 0.043). Microdissected ganglion and neuroblast cells from human primary tumors confirmed these findings. CONCLUSION Ganglioneuromas and ganglioneuroblastomas express the adhesive 120 kDa NCAM isoform, while neuroblastomas preferentially express the 180 kDa isoform classically involved in cell motility. These data suggest a mechanism for the enhanced metastatic potential of undifferentiated neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Winter
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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