1
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Tate P, Mastrodomenico V, Cunha C, McClure J, Barron AE, Diamond G, Mounce BC, Kirshenbaum K. Peptidomimetic Oligomers Targeting Membrane Phosphatidylserine Exhibit Broad Antiviral Activity. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1508-1522. [PMID: 37530426 PMCID: PMC10425984 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of durable new antiviral therapies is challenging, as viruses can evolve rapidly to establish resistance and attenuate therapeutic efficacy. New compounds that selectively target conserved viral features are attractive therapeutic candidates, particularly for combating newly emergent viral threats. The innate immune system features a sustained capability to combat pathogens through production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs); however, these AMPs have shortcomings that can preclude clinical use. The essential functional features of AMPs have been recapitulated by peptidomimetic oligomers, yielding effective antibacterial and antifungal agents. Here, we show that a family of AMP mimetics, called peptoids, exhibit direct antiviral activity against an array of enveloped viruses, including the key human pathogens Zika, Rift Valley fever, and chikungunya viruses. These data suggest that the activities of peptoids include engagement and disruption of viral membrane constituents. To investigate how these peptoids target lipid membranes, we used liposome leakage assays to measure membrane disruption. We found that liposomes containing phosphatidylserine (PS) were markedly sensitive to peptoid treatment; in contrast, liposomes formed exclusively with phosphatidylcholine (PC) showed no sensitivity. In addition, chikungunya virus containing elevated envelope PS was more susceptible to peptoid-mediated inactivation. These results indicate that peptoids mimicking the physicochemical characteristics of AMPs act through a membrane-specific mechanism, most likely through preferential interactions with PS. We provide the first evidence for the engagement of distinct viral envelope lipid constituents, establishing an avenue for specificity that may enable the development of a new family of therapeutics capable of averting the rapid development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick
M. Tate
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University
Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60130, United States
| | - Christina Cunha
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University
Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60130, United States
| | | | - Annelise E. Barron
- Maxwell
Biosciences, Austin, Texas 78738, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gill Diamond
- Department
of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University
Chicago Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60130, United States
| | - Kent Kirshenbaum
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Maxwell
Biosciences, Austin, Texas 78738, United States
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2
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Mastrodomenico V, LoMascolo NJ, Firpo MR, Villanueva Guzman MDM, Zaporowski A, Mounce BC. Persistent Coxsackievirus B3 Infection in Pancreatic Ductal Cells In Vitro Downregulates Cellular Polyamine Metabolism. mSphere 2023:e0003623. [PMID: 37097178 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00036-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Picornaviruses infect a wide variety of cell types in vitro, with rapid replication kinetics and pronounced cytopathic effect. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) can also establish a persistent infection in vivo that can lead to pathology, including dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. One model system to study persistent infection is the pancreatic ductal cell line PANC-1, which CVB3 infects and is maintained indefinitely. We have characterized this model for CVB3 infection to study persistent infection for over 6 months. We find that CVB3 rapidly replicates within PANC-1 cells without robust cytopathic effect, and after 1 month in culture, titers stabilize. We find that infection does not significantly affect cellular viability. Persistent virus reverts to lytic infection when transferred to Huh7 or Vero cells. We find that persistent CVB3 adapts to PANC-1 cells via mutation of its capsid proteins and, curiously, the viral polymerase (3Dpol) to generate a high-fidelity polymerase. Persistent infection is associated with reduced cleavage of eIF4G, reduced plaque size, and decreasing particle infectivity. We further find that polyamine metabolism is altered in persistently infected cells, with the rate-limiting enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1) reduced in translation. We further find that targeting polyamine synthesis reduces persistent infection without affecting the viability of the PANC-1 cells. Finally, we find that viral fidelity is essential to maintaining CVB3 infection, and targeting viral fidelity reduces persistent virus infection. Together, these data highlight a novel role for polyamines and fidelity in persistent CVB3 infection and suggest avenues for therapeutic development to target persistent infection. IMPORTANCE Enteroviruses are significant human pathogens that can cause severe disease, including cardiomyopathies. Viruses like coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) can cause tissue damage by lytically infecting cells; however, CVB3 can also persistently infect, which has been associated with several pathologies. Studying persistent infection in vitro is challenging, as CVB3 lytically infects most cellular model systems. Here, we show that CVB3 establishes persistent infection in pancreatic ductal cells in vitro, similar to prior studies on other coxsackieviruses. We also show that this infection results in adaptation of the virus to these cells, as well as changes to cellular metabolism of polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Natalie J LoMascolo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Mason R Firpo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria Del Mar Villanueva Guzman
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam Zaporowski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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3
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Firpo MR, LoMascolo NJ, Petit MJ, Shah PS, Mounce BC. Polyamines and eIF5A hypusination facilitate SREBP2 synthesis and cholesterol production leading to enhanced enterovirus attachment and infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011317. [PMID: 37071661 PMCID: PMC10146511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is key to cellular processes that underlie the ability of a virus to productively infect. Polyamines are small metabolites vital for many host cell processes including proliferation, transcription, and translation. Polyamine depletion also inhibits virus infection via diverse mechanisms, including inhibiting polymerase activity and viral translation. We showed that Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) attachment requires polyamines; however, the mechanism was unknown. Here, we report polyamines' involvement in translation, through a process called hypusination, promotes expression of cholesterol synthesis genes by supporting SREBP2 synthesis, the master transcriptional regulator of cholesterol synthesis genes. Measuring bulk transcription, we find polyamines support expression of cholesterol synthesis genes, regulated by SREBP2. Thus, polyamine depletion inhibits CVB3 by depleting cellular cholesterol. Exogenous cholesterol rescues CVB3 attachment, and mutant CVB3 resistant to polyamine depletion exhibits resistance to cholesterol perturbation. This study provides a novel link between polyamine and cholesterol homeostasis, a mechanism through which polyamines impact CVB3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason R Firpo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Natalie J LoMascolo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Marine J Petit
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Priya S Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
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4
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Marreiros IM, Marques S, Parreira A, Mastrodomenico V, Mounce BC, Harris CT, Kafsack BF, Billker O, Zuzarte-Luís V, Mota MM. A non-canonical sensing pathway mediates Plasmodium adaptation to amino acid deficiency. Commun Biol 2023; 6:205. [PMID: 36810637 PMCID: PMC9942083 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes have canonical pathways for responding to amino acid (AA) availability. Under AA-limiting conditions, the TOR complex is repressed, whereas the sensor kinase GCN2 is activated. While these pathways have been highly conserved throughout evolution, malaria parasites are a rare exception. Despite auxotrophic for most AA, Plasmodium does not have either a TOR complex nor the GCN2-downstream transcription factors. While Ile starvation has been shown to trigger eIF2α phosphorylation and a hibernation-like response, the overall mechanisms mediating detection and response to AA fluctuation in the absence of such pathways has remained elusive. Here we show that Plasmodium parasites rely on an efficient sensing pathway to respond to AA fluctuations. A phenotypic screen of kinase knockout mutant parasites identified nek4, eIK1 and eIK2-the last two clustering with the eukaryotic eIF2α kinases-as critical for Plasmodium to sense and respond to distinct AA-limiting conditions. Such AA-sensing pathway is temporally regulated at distinct life cycle stages, allowing parasites to actively fine-tune replication and development in response to AA availability. Collectively, our data disclose a set of heterogeneous responses to AA depletion in malaria parasites, mediated by a complex mechanism that is critical for modulating parasite growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M. Marreiros
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Marques
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Parreira
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vincent Mastrodomenico
- grid.164971.c0000 0001 1089 6558Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL USA
| | - Bryan C. Mounce
- grid.164971.c0000 0001 1089 6558Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL USA ,grid.164971.c0000 0001 1089 6558Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL USA
| | - Chantal T. Harris
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XImmunology & Microbial Pathogenesis Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Björn F. Kafsack
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
| | - Oliver Billker
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Molecular Biology Department, Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187 Sweden
| | - Vanessa Zuzarte-Luís
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria M. Mota
- grid.9983.b0000 0001 2181 4263Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Cruz-Pulido YE, Mounce BC. Good cop, bad cop: Polyamines play both sides in host immunity and viral replication. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 146:70-79. [PMID: 36604249 PMCID: PMC10101871 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Viruses rely on host cells for energy and synthesis machinery required for genome replication and particle assembly. Due to the dependence of viruses on host cells, viruses have evolved multiple mechanisms by which they can induce metabolic changes in the host cell to suit their specific requirements. The host immune response also involves metabolic changes to be able to react to viral insult. Polyamines are small ubiquitously expressed polycations, and their metabolism is critical for viral replication and an adequate host immune response. This is due to the variety of functions that polyamines have, ranging from condensing DNA to enhancing the translation of polyproline-containing proteins through the hypusination of eIF5A. Here, we review the diverse mechanisms by which viruses exploit polyamines, as well as the mechanisms by which immune cells utilize polyamines for their functions. Furthermore, we highlight potential avenues for further study of the host-virus interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin E Cruz-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA; Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
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6
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Mastrodomenico V, LoMascolo NJ, Cruz-Pulido YE, Cunha CR, Mounce BC. Polyamine-Linked Cholesterol Incorporation in Rift Valley Fever Virus Particles Promotes Infectivity. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1439-1448. [PMID: 35786847 PMCID: PMC9549488 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viruses rely on an array of cellular metabolites to replicate and form progeny virions. One set of these molecules, polyamines, are small aliphatic molecules, which are abundant in most cells, that support virus infection; however, the precise roles of polyamines in virus infection remain incompletely understood. Recent work demonstrated that polyamine metabolism supports cellular cholesterol synthesis through translation of the key transcription factor SREBP2. Here, we show that the bunyavirus Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) relies on both cholesterol and polyamines for virus infection. Depletion of cellular cholesterol or interruption of cholesterol trafficking negatively impacts RVFV infection. Cholesterol is incorporated into RVFV virions and mediates their infectivity in a polyamine-dependent manner; we find that the virus derived from polyamine-depleted cells lacks cholesterol within the virion membrane. Conversely, we find that virion-associated cholesterol is linked to the incorporation of spermidine within the virion. Our prior work demonstrated that polyamines facilitate pH-mediated fusion and genome release, which may be a consequence of cholesterol depletion within virions. Thus, our work highlights the metabolic connection between polyamines and cholesterol synthesis to impact bunyavirus infection. These data demonstrate the connectedness between cellular metabolic pathways and reveal potential avenues of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Natalie J LoMascolo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Yazmin E Cruz-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Christina R Cunha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
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7
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LoMascolo NJ, Cruz-Pulido YE, Mounce BC. Bisacodyl Limits Chikungunya Virus Replication In Vitro and Is Broadly Antiviral. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0029222. [PMID: 35652314 PMCID: PMC9211418 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00292-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying novel antivirals requires significant time and resource investment, and the continuous threat of viruses to human health necessitates commitment to antiviral identification and development. Developing antivirals requires years of research and validation, and recent outbreaks have highlighted the need for preparedness in counteracting pandemics. One way to facilitate development is to repurpose molecules already used clinically. By screening such compounds, we can accelerate antiviral development. Here, we screened compounds from the National Institutes of Health's Developmental Therapeutic Program for activity against chikungunya virus, an alphavirus that is responsible for a significant outbreak in the Americas in 2013. Using this library, we identified several compounds with known antiviral activity, as well as several novel antivirals. Given its favorable in vitro activity and well-described in vivo activity, as well as its broad availability, we focused on bisacodyl, a laxative used for the treatment of constipation, for follow-up studies. We find that bisacodyl inhibits chikungunya virus infection in a variety of cell types, over a range of concentrations, and over several rounds of replication. We find that bisacodyl does not disrupt chikungunya virus particles or interfere with their ability to attach to cells, but, instead, bisacodyl inhibits virus replication. Finally, we find that bisacodyl is broadly antiviral against a variety of RNA viruses, including enteroviruses, flaviviruses, bunyaviruses, and alphaviruses; however, it exhibited no activity against the DNA virus vaccinia virus. Together, these data highlight the power of compound screening to identify novel antivirals and suggest that bisacodyl may hold promise as a broad-spectrum antiviral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. LoMascolo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Institute, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Yazmin E. Cruz-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Institute, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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8
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Drayman N, DeMarco JK, Jones KA, Azizi SA, Froggatt HM, Tan K, Maltseva NI, Chen S, Nicolaescu V, Dvorkin S, Furlong K, Kathayat RS, Firpo MR, Mastrodomenico V, Bruce EA, Schmidt MM, Jedrzejczak R, Muñoz-Alía MÁ, Schuster B, Nair V, Han KY, O’Brien A, Tomatsidou A, Meyer B, Vignuzzi M, Missiakas D, Botten JW, Brooke CB, Lee H, Baker SC, Mounce BC, Heaton NS, Severson WE, Palmer KE, Dickinson BC, Joachimiak A, Randall G, Tay S. Masitinib is a broad coronavirus 3CL inhibitor that blocks replication of SARS-CoV-2. Science 2021; 373:931-936. [PMID: 34285133 PMCID: PMC8809056 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for antiviral agents that treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We screened a library of 1900 clinically safe drugs against OC43, a human beta coronavirus that causes the common cold, and evaluated the top hits against SARS-CoV-2. Twenty drugs significantly inhibited replication of both viruses in cultured human cells. Eight of these drugs inhibited the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, 3CLpro, with the most potent being masitinib, an orally bioavailable tyrosine kinase inhibitor. X-ray crystallography and biochemistry show that masitinib acts as a competitive inhibitor of 3CLpro. Mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 and then treated with masitinib showed >200-fold reduction in viral titers in the lungs and nose, as well as reduced lung inflammation. Masitinib was also effective in vitro against all tested variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Drayman
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Corresponding author. (S.T.); (N.D.)
| | - Jennifer K. DeMarco
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Krysten A. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saara-Anne Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heather M. Froggatt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Kemin Tan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Natalia Ivanovna Maltseva
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siquan Chen
- Cellular Screening Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vlad Nicolaescu
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steve Dvorkin
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Furlong
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rahul S. Kathayat
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mason R. Firpo
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Emily A. Bruce
- Cellular Screening Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Madaline M. Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Robert Jedrzejczak
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | | | - Brooke Schuster
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vishnu Nair
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyu-yeon Han
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amornrat O’Brien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biophysics Core at Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anastasia Tomatsidou
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bjoern Meyer
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.,Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Missiakas
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason W. Botten
- Cellular Screening Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Immunobiology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Christopher B. Brooke
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Vaccine Testing Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Biophysics Core at Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan C. Baker
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Heaton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - William E. Severson
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Palmer
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bryan C. Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Glenn Randall
- Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Savaş Tay
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Ricketts Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Corresponding author. (S.T.); (N.D.)
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9
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Firpo MR, Mastrodomenico V, Hawkins GM, Prot M, Levillayer L, Gallagher T, Simon-Loriere E, Mounce BC. Targeting Polyamines Inhibits Coronavirus Infection by Reducing Cellular Attachment and Entry. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1423-1432. [PMID: 32966040 PMCID: PMC7539557 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses first garnered widespread attention in 2002 when the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged from bats in China and rapidly spread in human populations. Since then, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged and still actively infects humans. The recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the resulting disease (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID19) have rapidly and catastrophically spread and highlighted significant limitations to our ability to control and treat infection. Thus, a basic understanding of entry and replication mechanisms of coronaviruses is necessary to rationally evaluate potential antivirals. Here, we show that polyamines, small metabolites synthesized in human cells, facilitate coronavirus replication and the depletion of polyamines with FDA-approved molecules significantly reduces coronavirus replication. We find that diverse coronaviruses, including endemic and epidemic coronaviruses, exhibit reduced attachment and entry into polyamine-depleted cells. We further demonstrate that several molecules targeting the polyamine biosynthetic pathway are antiviral in vitro. In sum, our data suggest that polyamines are critical to coronavirus replication and represent a highly promising drug target in the current and any future coronavirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason R. Firpo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Grant M. Hawkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Matthieu Prot
- G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Laura Levillayer
- Functional Genetics of Infectious diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Thomas Gallagher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | | | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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10
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Hulsebosch BM, Mounce BC. Polyamine Analog Diethylnorspermidine Restricts Coxsackievirus B3 and Is Overcome by 2A Protease Mutation In Vitro. Viruses 2021; 13:310. [PMID: 33669273 PMCID: PMC7920041 DOI: 10.3390/v13020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses, including Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), are pervasive pathogens that cause significant disease, including cardiomyopathies. Unfortunately, no treatments or vaccines are available for infected individuals. We identified the host polyamine pathway as a potential drug target, as inhibiting polyamine biosynthesis significantly reduces enterovirus replication in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that CVB3 is sensitive to polyamine depletion through the polyamine analog diethylnorspermidine (DENSpm), which enhances polyamine catabolism through induction of polyamine acetylation. We demonstrate that CVB3 acquires resistance to DENSpm via mutation of the 2A protease, which enhances proteolytic activity in the presence of DENSpm. Resistance to DENSpm occurred via mutation of a non-catalytic site mutation and results in decreased fitness. These data demonstrate that potential for targeting polyamine catabolism as an antiviral target as well as highlight a potential mechanism of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M. Hulsebosch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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11
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Tate PM, Mastrodomenico V, Mounce BC. Ribavirin Induces Polyamine Depletion via Nucleotide Depletion to Limit Virus Replication. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2620-2633.e4. [PMID: 31484073 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Common antivirals include nucleoside or nucleotide analogs with base prodrugs. The antiviral ribavirin, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved nucleoside antimetabolite, halts guanine production, mutagenizes viral genomes, and activates interferon signaling. Here, we find that ribavirin induces spermidine-spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1), a polyamine catabolic enzyme. Polyamines are small, positively charged molecules involved in cellular functions such as transcription and translation. Previous work showed that SAT1 activation and polyamine depletion interfere with RNA virus replication. We show ribavirin depletes polyamines via SAT1, in conjunction with its known mechanisms. SAT1 transcripts, protein, and activity are induced in a dose-dependent manner, which depletes polyamine levels and reduces viral titers. Inhibition of SAT1 activity, pharmacologically or genetically, reduces ribavirin's effectiveness against three virus infection models. Additionally, ribavirin-mediated polyamine depletion results from nucleotide pool depletion. These data demonstrate another mechanism of ribavirin that inform its clinical effectiveness, which may provide insight for improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Tate
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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12
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Mastrodomenico V, Esin JJ, Qazi S, Khomutov MA, Ivanov AV, Mukhopadhyay S, Mounce BC. Virion-Associated Polyamines Transmit with Bunyaviruses to Maintain Infectivity and Promote Entry. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2490-2501. [PMID: 32687697 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Viruses require host cell metabolites to productively infect, and the mechanisms by which viruses usurp these molecules are diverse. One group of cellular metabolites important in virus infection is the polyamines, small positively charged molecules involved in cell cycle, translation, and nucleic acid metabolism, among other cellular functions. Polyamines support replication of diverse viruses, and they are important for processes such as transcription, translation, and viral protein enzymatic activity. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a negative and ambisense RNA virus that requires polyamines to produce infectious particles. In polyamine depleted conditions, noninfectious particles are produced that interfere with virus replication and stimulate immune signaling. Here, we find that RVFV relies on virion-associated polyamines to maintain infectivity and enhance viral entry. We show that RVFV replication is facilitated by a limited set of polyamines and that spermidine and closely related molecules associate with purified virions and transmit from cell to cell during infection. Virion-associated spermidine maintains virion infectivity, as virions devoid of polyamines rapidly lose infectivity and are temperature sensitive. Further, virions without polyamines bind to cells but exhibit a defect in entry, requiring more acidic conditions than virions containing spermidine. These data highlight a unique role for polyamines, and spermidine particularly, to maintain virus infectivity. Further, these studies are the first to identify polyamines associated with RVFV virions. Targeting polyamines represents a promising antiviral strategy, and this work highlights a new mechanism by which we can inhibit virus replication through FDA-approved polyamine depleting pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mastrodomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Jeremy J. Esin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Shefah Qazi
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maxim A. Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
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13
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Drayman N, Jones KA, Azizi SA, Froggatt HM, Tan K, Maltseva NI, Chen S, Nicolaescu V, Dvorkin S, Furlong K, Kathayat RS, Firpo MR, Mastrodomenico V, Bruce EA, Schmidt MM, Jedrzejczak R, Muñoz-Alía MÁ, Schuster B, Nair V, Botten JW, Brooke CB, Baker SC, Mounce BC, Heaton NS, Dickinson BC, Jaochimiak A, Randall G, Tay S. Drug repurposing screen identifies masitinib as a 3CLpro inhibitor that blocks replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32908976 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.31.274639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for anti-viral agents that treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. The shortest path to clinical use is repurposing of drugs that have an established safety profile in humans. Here, we first screened a library of 1,900 clinically safe drugs for inhibiting replication of OC43, a human beta-coronavirus that causes the common-cold and is a relative of SARS-CoV-2, and identified 108 effective drugs. We further evaluated the top 26 hits and determined their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, as well as other pathogenic RNA viruses. 20 of the 26 drugs significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung cells (A549 epithelial cell line), with EC50 values ranging from 0.1 to 8 micromolar. We investigated the mechanism of action for these and found that masitinib, a drug originally developed as a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor for cancer treatment, strongly inhibited the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease 3CLpro. X-ray crystallography revealed that masitinib directly binds to the active site of 3CLpro, thereby blocking its enzymatic activity. Mastinib also inhibited the related viral protease of picornaviruses and blocked picornaviruses replication. Thus, our results show that masitinib has broad anti-viral activity against two distinct beta-coronaviruses and multiple picornaviruses that cause human disease and is a strong candidate for clinical trials to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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14
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Abstract
As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely on host cells for the building blocks of progeny viruses. Metabolites such as amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids are central to viral proteins, genomes, and envelopes, and the availability of these molecules can restrict or promote infection. Polyamines, comprised of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in mammalian cells, are also critical for virus infection. Polyamines are small, positively charged molecules that function in transcription, translation, and cell cycling. Initial work on the function of polyamines in bacteriophage infection illuminated these molecules as critical to virus infection. In the decades since early virus-polyamine descriptions, work on diverse viruses continues to highlight a role for polyamines in viral processes, including genome packaging and viral enzymatic activity. On the host side, polyamines function in the response to virus infection. Thus, viruses and hosts compete for polyamines, which are a critical resource for both. Pharmacologically targeting polyamines, tipping the balance to favor the host and restrict virus replication, holds significant promise as a broad-spectrum antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
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15
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Dial CN, Tate PM, Kicmal TM, Mounce BC. Coxsackievirus B3 Responds to Polyamine Depletion via Enhancement of 2A and 3C Protease Activity. Viruses 2019; 11:E403. [PMID: 31052199 PMCID: PMC6563312 DOI: 10.3390/v11050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are small positively-charged molecules abundant in eukaryotic cells that are crucial to RNA virus replication. In eukaryotic cells, polyamines facilitate processes such as transcription, translation, and DNA replication, and viruses similarly rely on polyamines to facilitate transcription and translation. Whether polyamines function at additional stages in viral replication remains poorly understood. Picornaviruses, including Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), are sensitive to polyamine depletion both in vitro and in vivo; however, precisely how polyamine function in picornavirus infection has not been described. Here, we describe CVB3 mutants that arise with passage in polyamine-depleted conditions. We observe mutations in the 2A and 3C proteases, and we find that these mutant proteases confer resistance to polyamine depletion. Using a split luciferase reporter system to measure protease activity, we determined that polyamines facilitate viral protease activity. We further observe that the 2A and 3C protease mutations enhance reporter protease activity in polyamine-depleted conditions. Finally, we find that these mutations promote cleavage of cellular eIF4G during infection of polyamine-depleted cells. In sum, our results suggest that polyamines are crucial to protease function during picornavirus infection. Further, these data highlight viral proteases as potential antiviral targets and highlight how CVB3 may overcome polyamine-depleting antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney N Dial
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Patrick M Tate
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Thomas M Kicmal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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16
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El Ghouzzi V, Bianchi FT, Molineris I, Mounce BC, Berto GE, Rak M, Lebon S, Aubry L, Tocco C, Gai M, Chiotto AMA, Sgrò F, Pallavicini G, Simon-Loriere E, Passemard S, Vignuzzi M, Gressens P, Di Cunto F. Correction to: ZIKA virus elicits P53 activation and genotoxic stress in human neural progenitors similar to mutations involved in severe forms of genetic microcephaly. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1155. [PMID: 30459303 PMCID: PMC6244162 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent El Ghouzzi
- PROTECT, INSERM, Unversité Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Federico T Bianchi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ivan Molineris
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la RechercheScientifique UMR 3569, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France
| | - Gaia E Berto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Rak
- PROTECT, INSERM, Unversité Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lebon
- PROTECT, INSERM, Unversité Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Chiara Tocco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Gai
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra M A Chiotto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Sgrò
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Pallavicini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Etienne Simon-Loriere
- Institut Pasteur, Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Paris, 75724, France.,CNRS URA3012, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Sandrine Passemard
- PROTECT, INSERM, Unversité Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la RechercheScientifique UMR 3569, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- PROTECT, INSERM, Unversité Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. .,Center for Developing Brain, King' s College, London, UK.
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. .,Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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17
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Moratorio G, Henningsson R, Barbezange C, Carrau L, Bordería AV, Blanc H, Beaucourt S, Poirier EZ, Vallet T, Boussier J, Mounce BC, Fontes M, Vignuzzi M. Attenuation of RNA viruses by redirecting their evolution in sequence space. Nat Microbiol 2017; 2:17088. [PMID: 28581455 PMCID: PMC7098180 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RNA viruses pose serious threats to human health. Their success relies on their capacity to generate genetic variability and, consequently, on their adaptive potential. We describe a strategy to attenuate RNA viruses by altering their evolutionary potential. We rationally altered the genomes of Coxsackie B3 and influenza A viruses to redirect their evolutionary trajectories towards detrimental regions in sequence space. Specifically, viral genomes were engineered to harbour more serine and leucine codons with nonsense mutation targets: codons that could generate Stop mutations after a single nucleotide substitution. Indeed, these viruses generated more Stop mutations both in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by significant losses in viral fitness. In vivo, the viruses were attenuated, generated high levels of neutralizing antibodies and protected against lethal challenge. Our study demonstrates that cornering viruses in ‘risky’ areas of sequence space may be implemented as a broad-spectrum vaccine strategy against RNA viruses. Virus attenuation is used to obtain vaccine strains. Here, the rapid evolution of RNA viruses is exploited by engineering their genomes to encode sites that are a mutation away from a stop codon, a clever method to generate attenuated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Moratorio
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Rasmus Henningsson
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.,International Group for Data Analysis, Institut Pasteur, C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.,Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cyril Barbezange
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Lucia Carrau
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Cellule Pasteur, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Antonio V Bordería
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.,International Group for Data Analysis, Institut Pasteur, C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Hervé Blanc
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Stephanie Beaucourt
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Enzo Z Poirier
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Cellule Pasteur, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Jeremy Boussier
- International Group for Data Analysis, Institut Pasteur, C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.,Unité d'Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, Institut Pasteur, Inserm 1223, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, Paris, France.,Ecole doctorale Frontières du vivant, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Magnus Fontes
- International Group for Data Analysis, Institut Pasteur, C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.,Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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18
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Mounce BC, Cesaro T, Carrau L, Vallet T, Vignuzzi M. Curcumin inhibits Zika and chikungunya virus infection by inhibiting cell binding. Antiviral Res 2017; 142:148-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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19
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Passoni G, Langevin C, Palha N, Mounce BC, Briolat V, Affaticati P, De Job E, Joly JS, Vignuzzi M, Saleh MC, Herbomel P, Boudinot P, Levraud JP. Imaging of viral neuroinvasion in the zebrafish reveals that Sindbis and chikungunya viruses favour different entry routes. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:847-857. [PMID: 28483796 PMCID: PMC5536907 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Sindbis virus (SINV), are vector-borne pathogens that cause acute illnesses in humans and are sometimes associated with neuropathies, especially in infants and elderly patients. Little is known about their mechanism of entry into the central nervous system (CNS), even for SINV, which has been used extensively as a model for viral encephalopathies. We previously established a CHIKV infection model in the optically transparent zebrafish larva; here we describe a new SINV infection model in this host. We imaged in vivo the onset and progression of the infection caused by intravenous SINV inoculation. Similar to that described for CHIKV, infection in the periphery was detected early and was transient, whereas CNS infection started at later time points and was persistent or progressive. We then tested the possible mechanisms of neuroinvasion by CHIKV and SINV. Neither virus relied on macrophage-mediated transport to access the CNS. CHIKV, but not SINV, always infects endothelial cells of the brain vasculature. By contrast, axonal transport was much more efficient with SINV than CHIKV, both from the periphery to the CNS and between neural tissues. Thus, the preferred mechanisms of neuroinvasion by these two related viruses are distinct, providing a powerful imaging-friendly system to compare mechanisms and prevention methods of encephalopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Passoni
- Virology and Molecular Immunology, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas F-78352, France.,Macrophages and Development of Immunity, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Christelle Langevin
- Virology and Molecular Immunology, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas F-78352, France
| | - Nuno Palha
- Macrophages and Development of Immunity, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Bryan C Mounce
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Valérie Briolat
- Macrophages and Development of Immunity, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Pierre Affaticati
- Tefor Core Facility, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91190, France
| | - Elodie De Job
- Tefor Core Facility, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91190, France
| | - Jean-Stéphane Joly
- Tefor Core Facility, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91190, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Maria-Carla Saleh
- Viruses and RNA Interference, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Philippe Herbomel
- Macrophages and Development of Immunity, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- Virology and Molecular Immunology, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas F-78352, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Macrophages and Development of Immunity, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du docteur Roux, Paris F-75015, France
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20
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Mounce BC, Cesaro T, Moratorio G, Hooikaas PJ, Yakovleva A, Werneke SW, Smith EC, Poirier EZ, Simon-Loriere E, Prot M, Tamietti C, Vitry S, Volle R, Khou C, Frenkiel MP, Sakuntabhai A, Delpeyroux F, Pardigon N, Flamand M, Barba-Spaeth G, Lafon M, Denison MR, Albert ML, Vignuzzi M. Inhibition of Polyamine Biosynthesis Is a Broad-Spectrum Strategy against RNA Viruses. J Virol 2016; 90:9683-9692. [PMID: 27535047 PMCID: PMC5068521 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01347-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses present an extraordinary threat to human health, given their sudden and unpredictable appearance, the potential for rapid spread among the human population, and their ability to evolve resistance to antiviral therapies. The recent emergence of chikungunya virus, Zika virus, and Ebola virus highlights the struggles to contain outbreaks. A significant hurdle is the availability of antivirals to treat the infected or protect at-risk populations. While several compounds show promise in vitro and in vivo, these outbreaks underscore the need to accelerate drug discovery. The replication of several viruses has been described to rely on host polyamines, small and abundant positively charged molecules found in the cell. Here, we describe the antiviral effects of two molecules that alter polyamine levels: difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; also called eflornithine), which is a suicide inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1), and diethylnorspermine (DENSpm), an activator of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1). We show that reducing polyamine levels has a negative effect on diverse RNA viruses, including several viruses involved in recent outbreaks, in vitro and in vivo These findings highlight the importance of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway to viral replication, as well as its potential as a target in the development of further antivirals or currently available molecules, such as DFMO. IMPORTANCE RNA viruses present a significant hazard to human health, and combatting these viruses requires the exploration of new avenues for targeting viral replication. Polyamines, small positively charged molecules within the cell, have been demonstrated to facilitate infection for a few different viruses. Our study demonstrates that diverse RNA viruses rely on the polyamine pathway for replication and highlights polyamine biosynthesis as a promising drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Mounce
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Teresa Cesaro
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gonzalo Moratorio
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Peter Jan Hooikaas
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anna Yakovleva
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Scott W Werneke
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U818, Paris, France
| | - Everett Clinton Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, the Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Enzo Z Poirier
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Simon-Loriere
- Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Carole Tamietti
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Vitry
- Unité de NeuroImmunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Romain Volle
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France INSERM, Unité 994, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Khou
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pascale Frenkiel
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France INSERM, Unité 994, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Pardigon
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie Flamand
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Monique Lafon
- Unité de NeuroImmunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mark R Denison
- Department of Pediatrics, the Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew L Albert
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U818, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Mounce BC, Poirier EZ, Passoni G, Simon-Loriere E, Cesaro T, Prot M, Stapleford KA, Moratorio G, Sakuntabhai A, Levraud JP, Vignuzzi M. Interferon-Induced Spermidine-Spermine Acetyltransferase and Polyamine Depletion Restrict Zika and Chikungunya Viruses. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 20:167-77. [PMID: 27427208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are small, positively charged molecules derived from ornithine and synthesized through an intricately regulated enzymatic pathway. Within cells, they are abundant and play several roles in diverse processes. We find that polyamines are required for the life cycle of the RNA viruses chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Depletion of spermidine and spermine via type I interferon signaling-mediated induction of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1), a key catabolic enzyme in the polyamine pathway, restricts CHIKV and ZIKV replication. Polyamine depletion restricts these viruses in vitro and in vivo, due to impairment of viral translation and RNA replication. The restriction is released by exogenous replenishment of polyamines, further supporting a role for these molecules in virus replication. Thus, SAT1 and, more broadly, polyamine depletion restrict viral replication and suggest promising avenues for antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Mounce
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Enzo Z Poirier
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Passoni
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France; Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; CNRS URA2578, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Etienne Simon-Loriere
- Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Teresa Cesaro
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Kenneth A Stapleford
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Gonzalo Moratorio
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Unité de Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; CNRS URA2578, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Stapleford KA, Moratorio G, Henningsson R, Chen R, Matheus S, Enfissi A, Weissglas-Volkov D, Isakov O, Blanc H, Mounce BC, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Shomron N, Weaver S, Fontes M, Rousset D, Vignuzzi M. Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis from the Chikungunya Virus Caribbean Outbreak Reveals Novel Evolutionary Genomic Elements. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004402. [PMID: 26807575 PMCID: PMC4726740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus and member of the Togaviridae family, is capable of causing severe febrile disease in humans. In December of 2013 the Asian Lineage of CHIKV spread from the Old World to the Americas, spreading rapidly throughout the New World. Given this new emergence in naïve populations we studied the viral genetic diversity present in infected individuals to understand how CHIKV may have evolved during this continuing outbreak. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS We used deep-sequencing technologies coupled with well-established bioinformatics pipelines to characterize the minority variants and diversity present in CHIKV infected individuals from Guadeloupe and Martinique, two islands in the center of the epidemic. We observed changes in the consensus sequence as well as a diverse range of minority variants present at various levels in the population. Furthermore, we found that overall diversity was dramatically reduced after single passages in cell lines. Finally, we constructed an infectious clone from this outbreak and identified a novel 3' untranslated region (UTR) structure, not previously found in nature, that led to increased replication in insect cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Here we preformed an intrahost quasispecies analysis of the new CHIKV outbreak in the Caribbean. We identified novel variants present in infected individuals, as well as a new 3'UTR structure, suggesting that CHIKV has rapidly evolved in a short period of time once it entered this naïve population. These studies highlight the need to continue viral diversity surveillance over time as this epidemic evolves in order to understand the evolutionary potential of CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Stapleford
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France
| | - Gonzalo Moratorio
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France
| | - Rasmus Henningsson
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, International Group for Data Analysis, Paris, France
| | - Rubing Chen
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Séverine Matheus
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Antoine Enfissi
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Ofer Isakov
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hervé Blanc
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France
| | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France
| | - Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Research and Expertise Unit on Dengue and other Arboviruses, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Scott Weaver
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Magnus Fontes
- Institut Pasteur, International Group for Data Analysis, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Rousset
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3569, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Paris, France
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Kulinski JM, Darrah EJ, Broniowska KA, Mboko WP, Mounce BC, Malherbe LP, Corbett JA, Gauld SB, Tarakanova VL. ATM facilitates mouse gammaherpesvirus reactivation from myeloid cells during chronic infection. Virology 2015; 483:264-74. [PMID: 26001649 PMCID: PMC4516584 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gammaherpesviruses are cancer-associated pathogens that establish life-long infection in most adults. Insufficiency of Ataxia-Telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase leads to a poor control of chronic gammaherpesvirus infection via an unknown mechanism that likely involves a suboptimal antiviral response. In contrast to the phenotype in the intact host, ATM facilitates gammaherpesvirus reactivation and replication in vitro. We hypothesized that ATM mediates both pro- and antiviral activities to regulate chronic gammaherpesvirus infection in an immunocompetent host. To test the proposed proviral activity of ATM in vivo, we generated mice with ATM deficiency limited to myeloid cells. Myeloid-specific ATM deficiency attenuated gammaherpesvirus infection during the establishment of viral latency. The results of our study uncover a proviral role of ATM in the context of gammaherpesvirus infection in vivo and support a model where ATM combines pro- and antiviral functions to facilitate both gammaherpesvirus-specific T cell immune response and viral reactivation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John A Corbett
- Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stephen B Gauld
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, United States
| | - Vera L Tarakanova
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, United States; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
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Wood BM, Mboko WP, Mounce BC, Tarakanova VL. Mouse gammaherpesvirus-68 infection acts as a rheostat to set the level of type I interferon signaling in primary macrophages. Virology 2013; 443:123-33. [PMID: 23706314 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) is a critical antiviral response of the host. We found that Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF-3) was responsible for induction of type I IFN following mouse gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV68) infection of primary macrophages. Intriguingly, type I IFN signaling was maintained throughout the entire MHV68 replication cycle, in spite of several known viral IFN antagonists. However, MHV68-infected primary macrophages displayed attenuated responses to exogenous type I IFN, suggesting that MHV68 controls the level of type I IFN signaling that is allowed to occur during replication. Type I IFN receptor and IRF-3 were necessary to attenuate transcription of MHV68 RTA, an immediate early gene critical for replication. Furthermore, higher constitutive activity of RTA promoters was observed in the absence of type I IFN signaling. Our study suggests that MHV68 has preserved the ability to sense type I IFN status of the host in order to limit lytic replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittani M Wood
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
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Mounce BC, Kurt N, Ellison PA, Cavagnero S. Nonrandom distribution of intramolecular contacts in native single-domain proteins. Proteins 2009; 75:404-12. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.22258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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