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Portage of various compounds into bacteria by attachment to glycine residues in peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 81:4573-6. [PMID: 16593491 PMCID: PMC345633 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.14.4573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic di- and oligopeptides are described that contain nucleophilic moieties attached to the alpha carbon of a glycine residue. These peptides are accepted by the peptide transport systems of Escherichia coli (and other microorganisms) and are capable of being hydrolyzed by intracellular peptidases. After liberation of its amino group the alpha-substituted glycine is chemically unstable (although it is stable in peptide form) and decomposes, releasing the nucleophilic moiety. Thus, the combined result of peptide transport and peptidase action is the intracellular release of the nucleophile. Peptides containing glycine residues alpha-substituted with thiophenol, aniline, or phenol are used as models for this type of peptide-assisted entry and their metabolism by E. coli is described. Peptides of this type have broad applicability to the study of microbial physiology and the development of an additional class of antimicrobial agents.
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3
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Abstract
Clostripain (EC 3.4.22.8) has been shown to be superior to trypsin as a means of activating serum procarboxypeptidase A. With this activation and a previously described assay for carboxypeptidase A it has been possible to determine the concentration of procarboxypeptidase A in human serum. In order to establish a baseline in the healthy adult a survey of the procarboxypeptidase A content of the serum of 66 blood donors was carried out. An average value of 9.7 microg/l was found for the proenzyme. This is in sharp contrast to a mean of 0.34 microg/l for the free enzyme present in serum that was not treated with clostripain [1].
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4
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Abstract
A sensitive and highly specific assay, utilizing N-acetyl-Phe-3-thiaPhe as substrate, has been designed to make possible the direct determination of carboxypeptidase A in human serum or plasma. Measurement of the enzyme's activity in the serum of 108 blood donors has established the basal concentration for healthy human adults to be 0.068+/-0.028 U/l (x+/-1 S.D.). This is equivalent to 0.34 microg/l of carboxypeptidase A. Such an extremely low baseline provides for a substantial dynamic range over which to assess pancreatic pathology. Previous claims in the literature for an 11 fold higher baseline have to be reexamined in view of the failure of the investigators to take into account the ability of the proenzyme form of carboxypeptidase A, which does occur in serum, to attack their substrates.
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5
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Biosynthesis of lysine in plants: the putative role of meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 26:285-90. [PMID: 7948877 DOI: 10.1007/bf00039539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from Chlamydomonas, corn, soybean and tobacco were tested for enzymes of the lysine biosynthetic pathway. Dihydrodipicolinic acid (DHD) synthase, DHD reductase, diaminopimelate (DAP) epimerase and DAP decarboxylase were present in all. However, in contrast to the report of Wenko et al., meso-DAP dehydrogenase could not be detected in extracts prepared from soybean. Moreover, it was not found in Chlamydomonas, corn and tobacco as well. In order to set an upper limit to the amount of meso-DAP dehydrogenase that might be present, reconstruction experiments were performed with soybean and corn extracts in which the conversion of dihydrodipicolinate to lysine was made dependent on the addition of limited amounts of the meso-DAP dehydrogenase purified from Bacillus sphaericus. The presence of DAP epimerase and the absence of meso-DAP dehydrogenase indicates that the meso-DAP dehydrogenase abbreviated pathway for lysine synthesis is not operative in plants.
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6
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Abstract
Sulfanilic acid, in contrast to sulfanilamide, has poor in vitro antibacterial activity. Paradoxically, it has been shown to be a more effective inhibitor than sulfanilamide of dihydropteroic acid synthase. In order to circumvent the presumed permeability barrier to sulfanilic acid, advantage was taken of the technique of portage transport. Derivatives of the compound were prepared in which it was linked via its primary amino group to the alpha-carbon of glycine residues in di- and tripeptides. L-Alanyl-L-alanyl-L-2-[(4-sulfophenyl)amino]glycine proved to be 207 times more potent than sulfanilic acid and 8 times more active than either sulfanilamide or L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-2-[[4-(aminosulfonyl)-phenyl]amino]glycine when tested against Escherichia coli. These findings confirm that the weak in vitro activity of sulfanilic acid is due to its limited ability to penetrate the bacterial membrane. They also emphasize the ability of portage transport to reveal therapeutic capability that had been attenuated by poor drug permeation.
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7
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Abstract
The use of competitive spectrophotometry to measure kinetic constants for enzyme-catalyzed reactions is described. The equation for the progress curve characterizing the kinetic behavior of an enzyme acting simultaneously on two alternative substrates is derived. By the addition of a competition term to the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation, the kinetic constants of an alternative substrate can be evaluated by measuring the competition with a substrate of known kinetic constants in a single experiment. Studies are presented involving the enzymes leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and carboxypeptidase A (CPA). The results obtained with LAP and CPA showed that the kinetic constants determined using competitive spectrophotometry were in agreement with values cited in the literature or with values determined by single substrate enzyme kinetics.
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8
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Determination of carboxypeptidase A using N-acetyl-phenylalanyl-3-thiaphenylalanine as substrate: application to a direct serum assay. Anal Biochem 1987; 161:219-25. [PMID: 3578784 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(87)90674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-3-thiaphenylalanine has been shown to be a substrate for carboxypeptidase A. Hydrolysis of the compound obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a KM of 0.22 mM and a kcat of 6720 min-1 at 22 degrees C. A colorimetric assay, employing Ellman's reagent to detect the thiophenol released upon cleavage of the peptide, has been developed. The assay can be used for the direct determination of carboxypeptidase A in serum.
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9
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Studies on the active site of succinyl-CoA:tetrahydrodipicolinate N-succinyltransferase. Characterization using analogs of tetrahydrodipicolinate. J Biol Chem 1986; 261:6160-7. [PMID: 3700390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic and acyclic analogs of tetrahydrodipicolinate (THDPA) are evaluated in a study of the active site of succinyl-CoA:tetrahydrodipicolinate N-succinyltransferase. In addition to the natural substrate, THDPA, one cyclic and several acyclic compounds are also succinylated. 2-Hydroxytetrahydropyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid is a potent competitive inhibitor having a Kis of 58 nM. Based on the results of this study, a stereochemical model for the succinylation of THDPA is proposed. The major features of this model are as follows. 1) The succinylase binds THDPA (L-configuration). 2) Hydration of the imine group follows to give 2-hydroxypiperidine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxyl groups are trans. 3) Succinylation then occurs and the ring opens to give the acyclic product. It is suggested that 2-hydroxytetrahydropyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid is a transition state analog by virtue of the fact that it structurally resembles the hydrated intermediate.
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10
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Studies on the active site of succinyl-CoA:tetrahydrodipicolinate N-succinyltransferase. Characterization using analogs of tetrahydrodipicolinate. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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11
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Abstract
The peptide mimetic L-phenylalanyl-L-3-thiaphenylalanine has been shown to facilitate a sensitive and simple determination of leucine aminopeptidase. A colorimetric assay, employing Ellman's reagent to detect the thiophenol released upon hydrolysis of the dipeptide, has been developed. Under the experimental conditions employed the substrate has a Km of 0.054 mM and a kcat of 5800 min-1 and can distinguish sharply between leucine aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase M.
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12
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Peptides of 2-aminopimelic acid: antibacterial agents that inhibit diaminopimelic acid biosynthesis. J Med Chem 1986; 29:89-95. [PMID: 3079832 DOI: 10.1021/jm00151a015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Succinyl-CoA:tetrahydrodipicolinate-N-succinyltransferase is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of diaminopimelic acid (DAP), a component of the cell wall peptidoglycan of nearly all bacteria. This enzyme converts the cyclic precursor tetrahydrodipicolinic acid (THDPA) to a succinylated acyclic product. L-2-Aminopimelic acid (L-1), an acyclic analogue of THDPA, was found to be a good substrate for this enzyme and was shown to cause a buildup of THDPA in a cell-free enzyme system but was devoid of antibacterial activity. Incorporation of 1 into a di- or tripeptide yielded derivatives that exhibited antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-negative organisms. Of the five peptide derivatives tested, (L-2-aminopimelyl)-L-alanine (6) was the most potent. These peptides were shown to inhibit DAP production in intact resting cells. High levels (30 mM) of 2-aminopimelic acid were achieved in the cytoplasm of bacteria as a result of efficient uptake of the peptide derivatives through specific peptide transport systems followed, presumably, by cleavage by intracellular peptidases. Finally, the antibacterial activity of these peptides could be reversed by DAP or a DAP-containing peptide. These results demonstrate that the peptides containing L-2-aminopimelic acid exert their antibacterial action by inhibition of diaminopimelic acid biosynthesis.
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13
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Spectrophotometric determination of affinities of peptides for their transport systems in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 1984; 160:943-8. [PMID: 6389518 PMCID: PMC215800 DOI: 10.1128/jb.160.3.943-948.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of novel synthetic peptides to measure peptide transport by spectrophotometric means is described. These peptides contain glycine residues alpha-substituted with thiophenol and are recognized as substrates by both peptide transport systems and intracellular peptidases of Escherichia coli (Kingsbury et al., Gilvarg, C., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:4573-4576, 1984). Transport and peptidase cleavage results in the intracellular release of thiophenol, which exits rapidly from the cell. The release of thiophenol from these peptides by cell suspensions can be measured with Ellman sulfhydryl reagent [5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)] and provides a direct determination of the rate of peptide transport. The reductions in thiophenol release from these peptides resulting from the addition of peptide competitors enable the affinities of the competitors for their transport systems to be determined. By this method, it is shown that the dipeptide transport system is more restrictive with respect to changes in the amino acid sidechains of its substrates than those of the oligopeptide transport system.
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14
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A novel peptide delivery system involving peptidase activated prodrugs as antimicrobial agents. Synthesis and biological activity of peptidyl derivatives of 5-fluorouracil. J Med Chem 1984; 27:1447-51. [PMID: 6387121 DOI: 10.1021/jm00377a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As an approach to the development of antimicrobial agents, a novel peptide carrier system was designed, based on the chemical instability of alpha-substituted glycine analogues, with the explicit intent of actively transporting therapeutically useful compounds into microbial cells. Peptides containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) linked to the peptide backbone were selected to test the feasibility of this new delivery system. These peptide conjugates were designed such that they would be substrates for both the microbial peptide permeases and peptidases. After entry into cells, enzymatic hydrolysis of the peptide generates an unstable alpha-(5-FU)-glycine that spontaneously decomposes to release 5-FU. The 5-FU-peptide conjugates were tested for antifungal (Candida albicans) and antibacterial (Escherichia coli) activity and were found to have antimicrobial activities comparable to free 5-FU. Noninhibitory peptides antagonized the antimicrobial activities of the 5-FU-peptide conjugates but not of free 5-FU, a result consistent with peptide transport mediated entry of the peptide conjugates into cells. Further support for this conclusion was provided by the finding that biological activities were dependent upon peptide stereochemistry.
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15
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Purification and characterization of succinyl-CoA: tetrahydrodipicolinate N-succinyltransferase from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1984; 259:2734-41. [PMID: 6365916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase, an enzyme involved in the diaminopimelate-lysine pathway, was purified 1900-fold from crude extracts of Escherichia coli. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of CoA and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-keto-L-pimelate from succinyl-CoA and tetrahydrodipicolinate. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Stokes radius of the enzyme was determined from its elution volume on a Sephacryl S300 column and its sedimentation constant from sucrose density gradient centrifugation. These were 35 A and 4.7 (S20,w), respectively. The enzyme consists of two subunits each with a mass of 31,000 daltons, as determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase was shown to be a sulfhydryl enzyme. It has a pH optimum of 8.2. The equilibrium lies predominantly in favor of product formation but the reverse reaction can be demonstrated in vitro.
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16
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Metabolism of alanylalanyl-S-[N-(2-thioethyl)]aminopyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylic acid]cysteine by suspensions of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1983; 258:14856-60. [PMID: 6361019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The attachment of 4-[N-2-(mercaptoethyl)]aminopyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (MEPDA) to AlaAlaCys through a disulfide bond to the cysteine residue has been described (Boehm, J. C., Kingsbury, W. D., Perry, D., and Gilvarg, C. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 14850-14855). The peptide disulfide showed enhanced growth inhibitory properties in Escherichia coli compared to the free sulfhydryl compound. Genetic evidence was presented to show that this side chain-modified peptide utilizes the oligopeptide transport system to gain entry to the cell. Following transport of the peptide, MEPDA is liberated by disulfide exchange reactions with sulfhydryl-containing components of the cell pool. In this paper, we examine in more detail the metabolism of this peptide. Using gel filtration chromatography to examine filtrates from cell suspensions incubated with the peptide, it was shown that loss of the peptide from the medium is accompanied by a corresponding increase in a component having the properties of MEPDA. The release of sulfhydryl groups from the peptide by cell suspensions could be monitored by Ellman's reagent and was found to be dependent upon peptide transport. Following cleavage of the disulfide bond, MEPDA is able to cross the cytoplasmic membrane and exit from the cell as a relatively lipophilic uncharged metal chelate.
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17
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The use of cysteinyl peptides to effect portage transport of sulfhydryl-containing compounds in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1983; 258:14850-5. [PMID: 6361018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a method by which sulfhydryl compounds may be transported into Escherichia coli as the mixed disulfides with a cysteine residue of a di- or tripeptide. Transport occurs through the di- or oligopeptide transport systems, and it is suggested that subsequent release of the sulfhydryl compound occurs as a result of a disulfide exchange reaction with components of the sulfhydryl-rich cytoplasm. The free sulfhydryl compounds used here (2-mercaptopyridine and 4-[N-(2-mercaptoethyl)]aminopyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) show weak growth-inhibitory properties in their own right, but disulfide linkage to a cysteinyl peptide results in a considerable enhancement (up to 2 orders of magnitude). This is the first example of the use of the peptide transport systems of E. coli to effect portage transport of a poorly permeant molecule by using attachment to the side chain of one of the amino acid residues of a peptide; all previous examples have involved the incorporation of amino acid analogues into the peptide backbone. The synthesis of cysteinyl peptides containing disulfide-linked 2-mercaptopyridine is described. Displacement of the 2-mercaptopyridine by sulfhydryl compounds of interest proceeds rapidly and quantitatively in aqueous alkaline solution to provide the required peptide disulfides.
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18
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The use of cysteinyl peptides to effect portage transport of sulfhydryl-containing compounds in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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19
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The primary structure of the teichuronic acid of Bacillus megaterium. J Biol Chem 1979; 254:2759-65. [PMID: 107162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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20
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21
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The use of hydrofluoric acid in the identification of lipid intermediates in peptidoglycan synthesis. Anal Biochem 1978; 90:465-73. [PMID: 727491 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(78)90139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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23
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24
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Structural relationship of the teichuronic acid and peptidoglycan of Bacillus megaterium. Biochemistry 1977; 16:2436-40. [PMID: 405040 DOI: 10.1021/bi00630a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Abstract
An oligomeric intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of peptidoglycan was isolated from B. megaterium. The oligomer has been identified as [disaccharide(pentapeptide)]12 pyrophosphoryl undecaprenol.
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26
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Evidence for the participation of a host enzyme in the activation of poly (A)-Qbeta RNA as an infectious agent. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 414:341-8. [PMID: 1106768 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(75)90172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported earlier that phage Qbeta RNA (Gilvarg, C., Bollum, F.J. and Weissmann, C. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 72, 428-432) elongated at its 3' terminus with up to 100 or more AMP residues retained its full infectivity for Escherichia coli spheroplasts, and that the resulting progeny did not inherit the poly (A) appendage. We now show that while poly (A)-Qbeta RNA appears to function normally as messenger for the synthesis of virus-specific proteins it has lost its capacity to serve as template for Qbeta replicase. Template function could be restored by phosphorolysis with polynucleotide phosphorylase. Taken in conjunction, these results imply that after poly (A)-Qbeta RNA enters the spheroplast a host enzyme (perhaps polynucleotide phosphorylase) removes part or all of the adenylate residues prior to replication of the RNA.
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27
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The in vitro addition of a polyadenylate sequence to the 3' end of phage Qbeta RNA and the biological activity of the product. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:428-32. [PMID: 1054825 PMCID: PMC432324 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.2.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal riboadenylate transferase, purified from calf thymus, has been used to add a poly(A) extension to the 3' end of Qbeta RNA. The modified Qbeta RNA retains full infectivity in a spheroplast assay system. However, the progeny viruses do not contain poly(A) termini, indicating an in vivo rectification of the in vitro alteration.
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28
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29
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Dihydrodipicolinic acid reductase. J Biol Chem 1974; 249:3034-40. [PMID: 4151489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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30
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Raman spectroscopy in vivo: evidence on the structure of dipicolinate in intact spores of Bacillus megaterium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 58:197-203. [PMID: 4208642 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(74)90911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Kinetics of cross-linking of peptidoglycan in Bacillus megaterium. J Biol Chem 1974; 249:2478-82. [PMID: 4207121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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32
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Triornithine-resistant strains of Escherichia coli. Isolation, definition, and genetic studies. J Biol Chem 1974; 249:143-8. [PMID: 4588690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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33
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A synthesis of homoserine phosphate and a blocked derivative suitable for peptide synthesis. J Org Chem 1973; 38:1421-3. [PMID: 4694235 DOI: 10.1021/jo00947a042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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34
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Abstract
Beta-attenuation analysis of intact spores of Bacillus megaterium containing tritium-labeled dipicolinic acid has shown that dipicolinic acid is located in the spore protoplast and not in the cortex.
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35
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Transport of impermeant substances in E. coli by way of oligopeptide permease. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1973; 241:161-3. [PMID: 4573266 DOI: 10.1038/newbio241161a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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36
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Response of Escherichia coli to ornithyl peptides. J Biol Chem 1972; 247:543-9. [PMID: 4550603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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37
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Timing of mucopeptide and phospholipid synthesis in sporulating Bacillus megaterium. J Biol Chem 1971; 246:3720-4. [PMID: 4996163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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38
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39
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Mucopeptide metabolism during growth and sporulation in Bacillus megaterium. J Biol Chem 1970; 245:6711-7. [PMID: 4991643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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40
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Peptidases in Escherichia coli K-12 capable of cleaving lysine homopeptides. J Biol Chem 1970; 245:6518-24. [PMID: 4991642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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41
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The pyruvate-aspartic semialdehyde condensing enzyme of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1970; 245:1362-73. [PMID: 4910051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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42
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Bacterial distribution of the use of succinyl and acetyl blocking groups in diaminopimelic acid biosynthesis. J Bacteriol 1970; 101:323-4. [PMID: 5411754 PMCID: PMC250485 DOI: 10.1128/jb.101.1.323-324.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of acetate, rather than succinate, as a blocking group in diaminopimelate biosynthesis has been found only in species of the genus Bacillus.
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43
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Protein turnover in amino acid-starved strains of Escherichia coli K-12 differing in their ribonucleic acid control. J Biol Chem 1969; 244:6304-6. [PMID: 4900514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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44
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Size restriction on peptide utilization in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1968; 243:6291-9. [PMID: 4881360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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45
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The relationship of dipicolinate and lysine biosynthesis in Bacillus megaterium. J Biol Chem 1968; 243:3871-6. [PMID: 4969366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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46
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The role of the terminal carboxyl group on peptide transport in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1968; 243:335-40. [PMID: 4866866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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47
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Biosynthesis of alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelic acid in Bacillus megaterium. J Biol Chem 1967; 242:3983-4. [PMID: 4962540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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48
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Biosynthesis of dipicolinic acid in sporulating Bacillus megaterium. J Biol Chem 1966; 241:4563-4. [PMID: 4958818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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49
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A new synthesis and some biological properties of beta-hydroxy-alpha, epsilon-diaminopimelic acid. J Biol Chem 1966; 241:3276-82. [PMID: 5330430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Effect of alpha-acetylation on utilization of lysine oligopeptides in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1966; 241:2340-6. [PMID: 5330117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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