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Li PWC, Yu DSF, Yan BP, Wong CW, Chan CMC. Theory-based cognitive-narrative intervention versus didactic education for promoting prompt care-seeking for acute myocardial infarction: A multisite mixed-methods randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 148:104564. [PMID: 37852046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged delays by patients in making care-seeking decisions remain a significant obstacle to the effective management of acute myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the effects of a theory-based cognitive-narrative intervention with those of didactic education over a 24-month period on the participants' attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge regarding acute myocardial infarction, prehospital delay time, and the use of an ambulance. We also explored participants' engagement in the intervention. DESIGN This study adopted a sequential mixed-methods design comprising a multisite randomized controlled trial and a qualitative study. METHODS Community-dwelling adult patients with a prior history of acute myocardial infarction in the past year were recruited from four hospitals in Hong Kong. They were randomly assigned to an 8-week theory-based cognitive-narrative intervention that involved a vivid experience of complex decision-making or didactic education. The Acute Coronary Syndrome Response Index questionnaire was administered at baseline (T0) and at 3- (T1), 12- (T2), and 24-month (T3) follow-up time points. Prehospital delay time and the use of an ambulance were evaluated for those participants who had recurrent acute myocardial infarction attacks during the study period. RESULTS A total of 608 participants were randomly assigned to the theory-based cognitive-narrative intervention group (n = 304) or the didactic education group (n = 304). The intervention group reported greater improvements than the control group in their attitudes (β = -1.053, p = 0.002) and beliefs (β = -0.686, p = 0.041) regarding acute myocardial infarction and care-seeking at T1. These effects were sustained at T2 [attitudes (β = -0.797, p = 0.018); beliefs (β = -0.692, p = 0.047)] and T3 [attitudes (β = -0.717, p = 0.024); beliefs (β = -0.701, p = 0.032)]. Sixty-three participants experienced another acute myocardial infarction event by T2. The median delay times for the intervention and control groups were 3.13 h (interquartile range (IQR: 1.15-6.48)) and 4.82 h (IQR: 2.23-9.02), respectively. The prehospital delay time was significantly reduced in the intervention group compared with the control group (β = -0.07, p = 0.011). The qualitative findings echoed the quantitative findings, as participants indicated that the intervention helped them to understand the variable nature of the disease presentation, which enabled them to recognize the symptoms more readily. CONCLUSION The novel cognitive-narrative intervention used in this study effectively improved the participants' attitudes and beliefs regarding acute myocardial infarction and reduced the prehospital delay time. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform of the World Health Organization (ChiCTR-IIC-17010576) on February 2, 2017; the first participant was recruited on January 11, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polly W C Li
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Doris S F Yu
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bryan P Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C W Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Pok Oi Hospital, Hong Kong
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2
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Agostinho de Sousa J, Wong CW, Dunkel I, Owens T, Voigt P, Hodgson A, Baker D, Schulz EG, Reik W, Smith A, Rostovskaya M, von Meyenn F. Epigenetic dynamics during capacitation of naïve human pluripotent stem cells. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg1936. [PMID: 37774033 PMCID: PMC10541016 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg1936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are of fundamental relevance in regenerative medicine. Naïve hPSCs hold promise to overcome some of the limitations of conventional (primed) hPSCs, including recurrent epigenetic anomalies. Naïve-to-primed transition (capacitation) follows transcriptional dynamics of human embryonic epiblast and is necessary for somatic differentiation from naïve hPSCs. We found that capacitated hPSCs are transcriptionally closer to postimplantation epiblast than conventional hPSCs. This prompted us to comprehensively study epigenetic and related transcriptional changes during capacitation. Our results show that CpG islands, gene regulatory elements, and retrotransposons are hotspots of epigenetic dynamics during capacitation and indicate possible distinct roles of specific epigenetic modifications in gene expression control between naïve and primed hPSCs. Unexpectedly, PRC2 activity appeared to be dispensable for the capacitation. We find that capacitated hPSCs acquire an epigenetic state similar to conventional hPSCs. Significantly, however, the X chromosome erosion frequently observed in conventional female hPSCs is reversed by resetting and subsequent capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Agostinho de Sousa
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Chee-Wai Wong
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Ilona Dunkel
- Systems Epigenetics, Otto Warburg Laboratories, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Owens
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Philipp Voigt
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Adam Hodgson
- School of Biosciences, The Julia Garnham Centre, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - Duncan Baker
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Services, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, S5 7AU Sheffield, UK
| | - Edda G. Schulz
- Systems Epigenetics, Otto Warburg Laboratories, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1QR, UK
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Altos Labs Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge CB21 6GP, UK
| | - Austin Smith
- Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD Exeter, UK
| | - Maria Rostovskaya
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Ferdinand von Meyenn
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK
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Wong M, Azvee Z, Wong CW, Chan CD, Duffy RM. An Observational Study of proximity between Community Mental Health Facilities and Off-Licenses and Bookmakers in Dublin. Ir Med J 2023; 116:729. [PMID: 36976572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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4
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Galle E, Wong CW, Ghosh A, Desgeorges T, Melrose K, Hinte LC, Castellano-Castillo D, Engl M, de Sousa JA, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, De Bock K, Ruiz JR, von Meyenn F. H3K18 lactylation marks tissue-specific active enhancers. Genome Biol 2022; 23:207. [PMID: 36192798 PMCID: PMC9531456 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histone lactylation has been recently described as a novel histone post-translational modification linking cellular metabolism to epigenetic regulation. Results Given the expected relevance of this modification and current limited knowledge of its function, we generate genome-wide datasets of H3K18la distribution in various in vitro and in vivo samples, including mouse embryonic stem cells, macrophages, adipocytes, and mouse and human skeletal muscle. We compare them to profiles of well-established histone modifications and gene expression patterns. Supervised and unsupervised bioinformatics analysis shows that global H3K18la distribution resembles H3K27ac, although we also find notable differences. H3K18la marks active CpG island-containing promoters of highly expressed genes across most tissues assessed, including many housekeeping genes, and positively correlates with H3K27ac and H3K4me3 as well as with gene expression. In addition, H3K18la is enriched at active enhancers that lie in proximity to genes that are functionally important for the respective tissue. Conclusions Overall, our data suggests that H3K18la is not only a marker for active promoters, but also a mark of tissue specific active enhancers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-022-02775-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Galle
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chee-Wai Wong
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thibaut Desgeorges
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kate Melrose
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura C Hinte
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Castellano-Castillo
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Engl
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joao Agostinho de Sousa
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, 85764, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ferdinand von Meyenn
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Mohammadzadehmoghadam S, LeGrand CF, Wong CW, Kinnear BF, Dong Y, Coombe DR. Fabrication and Evaluation of Electrospun Silk Fibroin/Halloysite Nanotube Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153004. [PMID: 35893969 PMCID: PMC9332275 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of nanofibrous materials for soft tissue repair that resemble extracellular matrices (ECMs) is challenging. Electrospinning uniquely produces scaffolds resembling the ultrastructure of natural ECMs. Herein, electrospinning was used to fabricate Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) and SF/halloysite nanotube (HNT) composite scaffolds. Different HNT loadings were examined, but 1 wt% HNTs enhanced scaffold hydrophilicity and water uptake capacity without loss of mechanical strength. The inclusion of 1 wt% HNTs in SF scaffolds also increased the scaffold’s thermal stability without altering the molecular structure of the SF, as revealed by thermogravimetric analyses and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. SF/HNT 1 wt% composite scaffolds better supported the viability and spreading of 3T3 fibroblasts and the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into aligned myotubes. These scaffolds coated with decellularised ECM from 3T3 cells or primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) supported the growth of primary human keratinocytes. However, SF/HNT 1 wt% composite scaffolds with HDF-derived ECM provided the best microenvironment, as on these, keratinocytes formed intact monolayers with an undifferentiated, basal cell phenotype. Our data indicate the merits of SF/HNT 1 wt% composite scaffolds for applications in soft tissue repair and the expansion of primary human keratinocytes for skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Mohammadzadehmoghadam
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (C.F.L.); (C.-W.W.); (B.F.K.)
| | - Catherine F. LeGrand
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (C.F.L.); (C.-W.W.); (B.F.K.)
- Curtin Medical School, Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Chee-Wai Wong
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (C.F.L.); (C.-W.W.); (B.F.K.)
- Curtin Medical School, Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Beverley F. Kinnear
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (C.F.L.); (C.-W.W.); (B.F.K.)
- Curtin Medical School, Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Yu Dong
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (D.R.C.)
| | - Deirdre R. Coombe
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; (C.F.L.); (C.-W.W.); (B.F.K.)
- Curtin Medical School, Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (D.R.C.)
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Li P, Yu DSF, Yan BPY, Wong CW, Yue SCS, Chan CMC, Chan SC. Shortening pre-hospital time delay in patients with acute myocardial infarction using a modelling-based narrative intervention with a virtual heart attack experience: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Prolonged delay in seeking treatment by patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a significant therapeutic gap. Previous mass-media campaigns or brief educational interventions were largely ineffective in shortening pre-hospital patient delay. The brevity and didactic nature of these interventions are inadequate to address complex decision-making encountered by patients with AMI.
Purpose
This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of a theory-driven modelling-based narrative intervention on AMI knowledge, care-seeking intention as indicated by attitudes and beliefs regarding care-seeking for AMI, prehospital delay time and use of ambulance among AMI survivors.
Methods
A total of 285 of patients with history of at least one AMI were randomized 1:1 to modelling-based narrative intervention (n=144) and control with didactic education (n=141). The modelling-based narrative intervention comprised 4 weekly group-based interactive sessions to engage participants in mental rehearsals of the perceptual-cognitive processes in recognizing and responding to AMI symptoms through a virtual heart attack experience, then followed by a booster session one month later The control group received a 4-weekly education on factual information about AMI with traditional didactic education approach. Study endpoints included AMI knowledge, attitudes and belief about care-seeking for AMI to be measured at baseline, (T0), 3 months (T1), 12 months (T2) and 24 months (T3) after the intervention. Prehospital delay time and use of ambulance for an AMI attack were tracked since patients' enrolment until T3 endpoint of the study.
Results
Generalized estimating equation analysis indicated that the participants in the intervention group had significantly greater improvement in attitudes and beliefs about care seeking for AMI symptoms at all endpoints than those in the control group (Table 1). There were no between-group differences in the change of AMI knowledge score over the baseline and 3- or 12-month endpoints, such difference became significant at 24-month endpoint. A total of 78 participants, including 38 (26.4%) in the intervention group and 40 (28.4%) in the control groups, had experienced AMI symptoms and admitted to an emergency department during the follow-up period. The participants in the intervention group showed significant reduction in prehospital delay time than the control group (p=0.031). There was no between-group difference on use of ambulance (p=0.422) for those participants who had symptom attack during the follow-up period.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated favorable effects in shortening prehospital time delay and promoting positive attitudes and beliefs regarding care-seeking for AMI symptoms among AMI survivors. A virtual heart attack experience helped support them through a cognitive-perceptual processes in recognizing and interpreting AMI symptoms.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Early Career Scheme, Research Grants Council, Hong Kong
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Affiliation(s)
- P Li
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - D S F Yu
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - B P Y Yan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong, China
| | - C W Wong
- Pok Oi Hospital, Department of Medicine & Geriatrics, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S C S Yue
- United Christian Hospital, Department of Medicine & Geriatrics, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C M C Chan
- Queen Elizabeth Hopsital, Department of Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S C Chan
- Pok Oi Hospital, Department of Medicine & Geriatrics, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Wong CW, Matsumura S, Htoon HM, Tan S, Tan CS, Ang M, Wong YL, Agrawal R, Sabanayagam C, Saw SM. Assessment of the Macular Microvasculature in High Myopes With Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:619767. [PMID: 34079808 PMCID: PMC8165745 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.619767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The risk of pathologic myopia (PM) increases with worsening myopia and may be related to retinal microvasculature alterations. To evaluate this, we analyzed the macular microvasculature of myopes with swept source-optical coherence tomographic angiography (SS-OCTA) in adolescent and young adult Singaporeans. Methods: This is a prevalent case-control study including 93 young Chinese from the Strabismus, Amblyopia and Refractive error in Singaporean children (STARS, N = 45) study and the Singapore Cohort Study of Risk Factors for Myopia (SCORM, N = 48) studies. Macular vessel density (VD) measurements were obtained from 3 × 3 mm SS-OCTA scans and independently assessed using ImageJ. These measurements were compared between individuals with non-high myopia [non-HM, N = 40; SE >-5.0 diopter (D)] and HM (SE ≤-5.0D, N = 53). Results: The mean macular VD was 40.9 ± 0.6% and 38.2 ± 0.5% in the non-HM and HM, groups, respectively (p = 0.01 adjusted for age and gender). Mean FAZ area in the superficial layer was 0.22 ± 0.02 mm2 in the HM group, which was smaller compared to non-HM group (0.32 ± 0.03 mm2, p = 0.04). Mean deep FAZ area was similar between the two groups (0.45 ± 0.03 mm2 and 0.48 ± 0.04 mm2 in the HM and non-HM groups, respectively, p = 0.70). Conclusions: VD was lower and superficial FAZ area was smaller, in adolescents and young adults with HM compared to non-HM. These findings require validation in prospective studies to assess their impact on the subsequent development of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Wai Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saiko Matsumura
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hla Myint Htoon
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shoun Tan
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Colin S Tan
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee-Ling Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,R&D Vision Sciences Asia, Middle East, Russia and Africa (AMERA), Essilor International, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumati Sabanayagam
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Chau CM, Fung EPY, Wong CW, Kwok KM, Leung AYH, Wong LKM, Wong KCK, Mak WS, Lam HS, Cho DHY. Ultrasound-guided Vacuum-assisted Excision of Papillary Breast Lesions as an Alternative to Surgical Excision: 7-year Experience. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2020. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2017066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CM Chau
- Department of Radiology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - EPY Fung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - CW Wong
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - KM Kwok
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - AYH Leung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - LKM Wong
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - KCK Wong
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - WS Mak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - HS Lam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - DHY Cho
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Older patients are at risk of medication-related problems because of age-related physiological changes and multiple medications taken for multiple co-morbidities. The resultant polypharmacy is frequently associated with inappropriate medication use, which in turn contributes to a range of adverse consequences, including geriatric syndromes (eg, falls, cognitive decline, urinary incontinence) and hospitalisation. In addition, medication non-adherence or discrepancies between the medications prescribed and those actually taken by patients, either intentional or unintentional, are prevalent and can lead to treatment failure. A large proportion of adverse drug events are preventable, and medication errors occur most commonly at the stages of prescribing and subsequent monitoring. There are a number of strategies to address these issues with the aim of ensuring safe prescribing. Furthermore, deprescribing with withdrawal of medications that are inappropriate or of minimal value for patients is increasingly emphasised for optimising medication management. In general, optimisation of medication management should be patient-centred, considering individual circumstances and preferences to determine the treatment goals or priorities for individual patients, and a multidisciplinary approach is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Wong YL, Sabanayagam C, Wong CW, Cheung YB, Man REK, Yeo ACH, Cheung G, Chia A, Kuo A, Ang M, Ohno-Matsui K, Wong TY, Wang JJ, Cheng CY, Hoang QV, Lamoureux E, Saw SM. Six-Year Changes in Myopic Macular Degeneration in Adults of the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:14. [PMID: 32298432 PMCID: PMC7401489 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the 6-year incidence, progression, associated risk factors, and impact of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) in a myopic population in Singapore. Methods We examined myopic (spherical equivalent ≤-0.5 diopters) adults (N = 2157 persons and 3661 eyes) who were phakic at baseline and participated in both baseline and 6-year follow-up visits of the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study. Eye examinations, including visual acuity, subjective refraction and axial length (AL) measurements, were performed. MMD was graded from fundus photographs following the META-PM classification. Vision-related quality of life was assessed with Rasch-transformed scores from reading, mobility, and emotional domains of the Impact of Vision Impairment questionnaire. Results The 6-year eye-specific incidence of MMD among myopic eyes was 1.2% (95% CI, 0.9%-1.6%). Older age, worse spherical equivalent, and longer AL at baseline were associated with MMD incidence (all P < 0.001). The 6-year eye-specific progression of MMD in 288 eyes with baseline MMD was 17.0% (95% CI, 12.6%-21.4%). More severe MMD at baseline, worse spherical equivalent, and longer AL (all P < 0.05) were associated with MMD progression. Patients with Meta-PM categories 3 and 4 had worse best-corrected visual acuity and poorer vision-related quality of life outcomes than those without MMD (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Over a 6-year period, one in 80 myopic eyes developed MMD and one in six with existing MMD had MMD progression. Myopia severity and AL were strong predictors of MMD development and progression. Eyes with severe MMD were at higher risk of MMD progression than those with less severe MMD, and were associated with poorer visual acuity and vision-related quality of life.
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11
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Wong YL, Hysi P, Cheung G, Tedja M, Hoang QV, Tompson SWJ, Whisenhunt KN, Verhoeven VJM, Zhao W, Hess M, Wong CW, Kifley A, Hosoda Y, Haarman AEG, Hopf S, Laspas P, Sensaki S, Sim X, Miyake M, Tsujikawa A, Lamoureux E, Ohno-Matsui K, Nickels S, Mitchell P, Wong TY, Wang JJ, Hammond CJ, Barathi VA, Cheng CY, Yamashiro K, Young TL, Klaver CCW, Saw SM. Correction: Genetic variants linked to myopic macular degeneration in persons with high myopia: CREAM Consortium. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223942. [PMID: 31600355 PMCID: PMC6786527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Wong YL, Hysi P, Cheung G, Tedja M, Hoang QV, Tompson SWJ, Whisenhunt KN, Verhoeven V, Zhao W, Hess M, Wong CW, Kifley A, Hosoda Y, Haarman AEG, Hopf S, Laspas P, Sensaki S, Sim X, Miyake M, Tsujikawa A, Lamoureux E, Ohno-Matsui K, Nickels S, Mitchell P, Wong TY, Wang JJ, Hammond CJ, Barathi VA, Cheng CY, Yamashiro K, Young TL, Klaver CCW, Saw SM. Genetic variants linked to myopic macular degeneration in persons with high myopia: CREAM Consortium. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220143. [PMID: 31415580 PMCID: PMC6695159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the roles of known myopia-associated genetic variants for development of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) in individuals with high myopia (HM), using case-control studies from the Consortium of Refractive Error and Myopia (CREAM). Methods A candidate gene approach tested 50 myopia-associated loci for association with HM and MMD, using meta-analyses of case-control studies comprising subjects of European and Asian ancestry aged 30 to 80 years from 10 studies. Fifty loci with the strongest associations with myopia were chosen from a previous published GWAS study. Highly myopic (spherical equivalent [SE] ≤ -5.0 diopters [D]) cases with MMD (N = 348), and two sets of controls were enrolled: (1) the first set included 16,275 emmetropes (SE ≤ -0.5 D); and (2) second set included 898 highly myopic subjects (SE ≤ -5.0 D) without MMD. MMD was classified based on the International photographic classification for pathologic myopia (META-PM). Results In the first analysis, comprising highly myopic cases with MMD (N = 348) versus emmetropic controls without MMD (N = 16,275), two SNPs were significantly associated with high myopia in adults with HM and MMD: (1) rs10824518 (P = 6.20E-07) in KCNMA1, which is highly expressed in human retinal and scleral tissues; and (2) rs524952 (P = 2.32E-16) near GJD2. In the second analysis, comprising highly myopic cases with MMD (N = 348) versus highly myopic controls without MMD (N = 898), none of the SNPs studied reached Bonferroni-corrected significance. Conclusions Of the 50 myopia-associated loci, we did not find any variant specifically associated with MMD, but the KCNMA1 and GJD2 loci were significantly associated with HM in highly myopic subjects with MMD, compared to emmetropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Ling Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- R&D Vision Sciences AMERA, Essilor International, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pirro Hysi
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Milly Tedja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Quan V. Hoang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Stuart W. J. Tompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, United States of America
| | - Kristina N. Whisenhunt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, United States of America
| | - Virginie Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wanting Zhao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Moritz Hess
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg—University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chee-Wai Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annette Kifley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yoshikatsu Hosoda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Annechien E. G. Haarman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Hopf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg—University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Laspas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg—University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sonoko Sensaki
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ecosse Lamoureux
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg—University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veluchamy A. Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otsu Red-Cross Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Terri L. Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, United States of America
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Wong CW. Frailty assessment: clinical application in the hospital setting. Hong Kong Med J 2018. [DOI: 10.12809/hkmj187572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wong YL, Sabanayagam C, Ding Y, Wong CW, Yeo ACH, Cheung YB, Cheung G, Chia A, Ohno-Matsui K, Wong TY, Wang JJ, Cheng CY, Hoang QV, Lamoureux E, Saw SM. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Impact of Myopic Macular Degeneration on Visual Impairment and Functioning Among Adults in Singapore. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:4603-4613. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Ling Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- R&D Vision Sciences AMERA, Essilor International, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Office of Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yang Ding
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chee-Wai Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Office of Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | | | - Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Office of Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Audrey Chia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Office of Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Office of Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Office of Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Quan V. Hoang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Office of Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ecosse Lamoureux
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Office of Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Office of Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
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Wong CW, Lee JS, Tam KF, Hung HF, So WY, Shum CK, Lam CY, Cheng JN, Man SP, Auyeung TW. Diabetes in older people: position statement of The Hong Kong Geriatrics Society and the Hong Kong Society of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Reproduction. Hong Kong Med J 2017; 23:524-33. [PMID: 29026049 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj166140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a survey on the clinical practice of geriatricians in the management of older people with diabetes and a study of hypoglycaemia in diabetic patients, a round-table discussion with geriatricians and endocrinologists was held in January 2015. Consensus was reached for six domains specifically related to older diabetic people: (1) the considerations when setting an individualised diabetic management; (2) inclusion of geriatric syndrome screening in assessment; (3) glycaemic and blood pressure targets; (4) pharmacotherapy; (5) restrictive diabetic diet; and (6) management goals for nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Sham Shui Po, Hong Kong
| | - J Sw Lee
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tai Po Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - K F Tam
- Department of Medicine, Hong Kong Buddhist Hospital, Lok Fu, Hong Kong
| | - H F Hung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Lai Chi Kok, Hong Kong
| | - W Y So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - C K Shum
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - C Y Lam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - J N Cheng
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Sham Shui Po, Hong Kong
| | - S P Man
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Pok Oi Hospital, Yuen Long, Hong Kong
| | - T W Auyeung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Pok Oi Hospital, Yuen Long, Hong Kong
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Yao BC, Rao YJ, Huang SW, Wu Y, Feng ZY, Choi C, Liu H, Qi HF, Duan XF, Peng GD, Wong CW. Graphene Q-switched distributed feedback fiber lasers with narrow linewidth approaching the transform limit. Opt Express 2017; 25:8202-8211. [PMID: 28380935 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.008202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A compact all-in-line graphene-based distributed feedback Bragg-grating fiber laser (GDFB-FL) with narrow linewidth of hundreds kHz is demonstrated and investigated in this study. Performing as an optical saturable absorber, graphene oscillates the initially kHz linewidth DFB-FL, and generates high-quality passively Q-switched pulses. Pumped with a 980 nm continuous-wave laser, the Q-switched GDFB-FL observes ~1 μs pulse durations, with pulse energies up to ~10 nJ and approaching the transform limit. The peak power is ~600 times higher than the original DFB-FL laser. By optimizing the cavity design and the graphene material, it is predicted that fast Q-switched pulses with more than MHz repetition rates and sub-100 ns pulse durations are achievable. Such transform-limited Q-switched GDFB-FLs with narrow linewidth of sub-MHz have long coherence length, good tunability, stability, compactness and robustness, with potential impact in optical coherent communications, metrology and sensing.
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To VYK, Wong KM, Mak WS, Kwok KM, Wong CW. Stereotactic-guided Vacuum-assisted Breast Biopsy in the Asian Population: What Factors Affect Marker Migration? Hong Kong J Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1615395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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19
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Lam MC, Wong KML, Mak WS, Kwok KMK, Lam HS, Wong CW. Breast Sonoelastography: Our Preliminary Experience in 155 Lesions. Hong Kong J Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1615379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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Wong CW. Anticoagulation for stroke prevention in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: what are the obstacles? Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22:608-15. [DOI: 10.12809/hkmj154803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Wat E, Ng CF, Liu CL, Zhang C, Koon CM, Lau CP, Wong CW, Pang KY, Zhang X, Fung KP, Lau CB, Leung PC. Effect of combined use of Fructus Schisandrae and statin on high-fat-diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22 Suppl 6:24-27. [PMID: 27807313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Wat
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C F Ng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C L Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C M Koon
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C P Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C W Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - K Y Pang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - K P Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C Bs Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - P C Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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Yao BC, Rao YJ, Wang ZN, Wu Y, Zhou JH, Wu H, Fan MQ, Cao XL, Zhang WL, Chen YF, Li YR, Churkin D, Turitsyn S, Wong CW. Graphene based widely-tunable and singly-polarized pulse generation with random fiber lasers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18526. [PMID: 26687730 PMCID: PMC4685245 DOI: 10.1038/srep18526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulse generation often requires a stabilized cavity and its corresponding mode structure for initial phase-locking. Contrastingly, modeless cavity-free random lasers provide new possibilities for high quantum efficiency lasing that could potentially be widely tunable spectrally and temporally. Pulse generation in random lasers, however, has remained elusive since the discovery of modeless gain lasing. Here we report coherent pulse generation with modeless random lasers based on the unique polarization selectivity and broadband saturable absorption of monolayer graphene. Simultaneous temporal compression of cavity-free pulses are observed with such a polarization modulation, along with a broadly-tunable pulsewidth across two orders of magnitude down to 900 ps, a broadly-tunable repetition rate across three orders of magnitude up to 3 MHz, and a singly-polarized pulse train at 41 dB extinction ratio, about an order of magnitude larger than conventional pulsed fiber lasers. Moreover, our graphene-based pulse formation also demonstrates robust pulse-to-pulse stability and wide-wavelength operation due to the cavity-less feature. Such a graphene-based architecture not only provides a tunable pulsed random laser for fiber-optic sensing, speckle-free imaging, and laser-material processing, but also a new way for the non-random CW fiber lasers to generate widely tunable and singly-polarized pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.,Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Y J Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Z N Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - J H Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - H Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - M Q Fan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - X L Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - W L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Y F Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Y R Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - D Churkin
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, B47ET, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Nonlinear Photonics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.,Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - S Turitsyn
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, B47ET, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Nonlinear Photonics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - C W Wong
- Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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Wong KW, Ma WK, Wong CW, Wong MH, Tsang CF, Tsu HL, Ho KL, Yiu MK. Impact of skeletal-related events on survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer prescribed androgen deprivation therapy. Hong Kong Med J 2015; 22:106-15. [PMID: 26635306 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj144449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of skeletal-related events on survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer prescribed long-term androgen deprivation therapy. METHODS This historical cohort study was conducted in two hospitals in Hong Kong. Patients who were diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer and prescribed androgen deprivation therapy between January 2006 and December 2011 were included. Details of skeletal-related events and mortality were examined. RESULTS The median follow-up was 28 (range, 1-97) months. Of 119 patients, 52 (43.7%) developed skeletal-related events throughout the study, and the majority received bone irradiation for pain control. The median actuarial overall survival and cancer-specific survival for patients with skeletal-related events were significantly shorter than those without skeletal-related events (23 vs 48 months, P=0.003 and 26 vs 97 months, P<0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the adjusted hazard ratio of presence of skeletal-related events on overall and cancer-specific survival was 2.73 (95% confidence interval, 1.46-5.10; P=0.002) and 3.92 (95% confidence interval, 1.87-8.23; P<0.001), respectively. A prostate-specific antigen nadir of >4 ng/mL was an independent poor prognostic factor for overall and cancer-specific survival after development of skeletal-related events (hazard ratio=10.42; 95% confidence interval, 2.10-51.66 and hazard ratio=10.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.94-57.28, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Skeletal-related events were common in men with metastatic prostate cancer. This is the first reported study to show that a skeletal-related event is an independent prognostic factor in overall and cancer-specific survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer prescribed androgen deprivation therapy. A prostate-specific antigen nadir of >4 ng/mL is an independent poor prognostic factor for overall and cancer-specific survival following development of skeletal-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Wong
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - W K Ma
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - C W Wong
- Baptist Hospital, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - M H Wong
- Department of Surgery, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - C F Tsang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - H L Tsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - K L Ho
- Private practice, Hong Kong
| | - M K Yiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Kwok KM, Wong LKM, Mak WS, Lam MC, Chan SK, Wong CW. Mucinous Breast Carcinoma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pathological Correlation. Hong Kong J Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1514284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Optimising glycaemic control to prevent diabetes-associated complications has received much attention. The associated risk of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia, however, is inevitable and can have a significant impact on health. The prevalence of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia tends to increase with advancing age. Elderly people are intrinsically prone to hypoglycaemia. Ageing attenuates the glucose counter-regulatory and symptomatic response to hypoglycaemia, particularly in the presence of a longer duration of diabetes. Multiple co-morbidities and polypharmacy correlated with advancing age also increase the hypoglycaemic risk. In addition to the acute adverse effects of hypoglycaemia, such as fall with injury, cardiovascular events and mortality, a hypoglycaemic episode can have long-term consequences. Repeated episodes may have a significant psychological impact and are also a risk factor for dementia. Because of the heterogeneous health status of the elderly, not all will benefit from optimal glycaemic control. Setting an individual glycaemic target and formulating a management plan that takes account of the patient's circumstances combined with balancing the benefit and risk of diabetes intervention to avoid hypoglycaemia is a more practical approach to the management of elderly diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency is common among the elderly. Elderly people are particularly at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency because of the high prevalence of atrophic gastritis-associated food-cobalamin (vitamin B12) malabsorption, and the increasing prevalence of pernicious anaemia with advancing age. The deficiency most often goes unrecognised because the clinical manifestations are highly variable, often subtle and non-specific, but if left undiagnosed the consequences can be serious. Diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency, however, is not straightforward as laboratory tests have certain limitations. Setting a cut-off level to define serum vitamin B12 deficiency is difficult; though homocysteine and methylmalonic acid are more sensitive for vitamin B12 deficiency, it may give false result in some conditions and the reference intervals are not standardised. At present, there is no consensus or guideline for diagnosis of this deficiency. It is most often based on the clinical symptoms together with laboratory assessment (low serum vitamin B12 level and elevated serum homocysteine or methylmalonic acid level) and the response to treatment to make definitive diagnosis. Treatment and replacement with oral vitamin B12 can be as effective as parenteral administration even in patients with pernicious anaemia. The suggested oral vitamin B12 dose is 1 mg daily for a month, and then maintenance dose of 125 to 250 µg for patients with dietary insufficiency and 1 mg daily for those with pernicious anaemia. Vitamin B12 replacement is safe and without side-effects, but prompt treatment is required to reverse the damage before it becomes extensive or irreversible. At present, there is no recommendation for mass screening for vitamin B12 in the elderly. Nevertheless, the higher prevalence with age, increasing risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly, symptoms being difficult to recognise, and availability of safe treatment options make screening a favourable option. However, the unavailability of reliable diagnostic tool or gold standard test makes screening difficult to carry out.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wong
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Caritas Medical Centre, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
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Huang SW, Zhou H, Yang J, McMillan JF, Matsko A, Yu M, Kwong DL, Maleki L, Wong CW. Mode-locked ultrashort pulse generation from on-chip normal dispersion microresonators. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:053901. [PMID: 25699441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.053901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe generation of stable mode-locked pulse trains from on-chip normal dispersion microresonators. The excitation of hyperparametric oscillation is facilitated by the local dispersion disruptions induced by mode interactions. The system is then driven from hyperparametric oscillation to the mode-locked state with over 200 nm spectral width by controlled pump power and detuning. With the continuous-wave-driven nonlinearity, the pulses sit on a pedestal, akin to a cavity soliton. We identify the importance of pump detuning and wavelength-dependent quality factors in stabilizing and shaping the pulse structure, to achieve a single pulse inside the cavity. We examine the mode-locking dynamics by numerically solving the master equation and provide analytic solutions under appropriate approximations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Huang
- Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, Solid-State Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, Solid-State Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J Yang
- Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, Solid-State Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - J F McMillan
- Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, Solid-State Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A Matsko
- OEwaves Inc., Pasadena, California 91107, USA
| | - M Yu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore 117685, Singapore
| | - D-L Kwong
- Institute of Microelectronics, Singapore 117685, Singapore
| | - L Maleki
- OEwaves Inc., Pasadena, California 91107, USA
| | - C W Wong
- Mesoscopic Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, Solid-State Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Chan BCL, Han XQ, Lui SL, Wong CW, Wang TBY, Cheung DWS, Cheng SW, Ip M, Han SQB, Yang XS, Jolivalt C, Lau CBS, Leung PC, Fung KP. Combating against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - two fatty acids from Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) exhibit synergistic effects with erythromycin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:107-16. [PMID: 25212982 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to identify the active ingredients from Portulaca oleracea L. (PO) that could provide synergism with antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and their possible mechanisms of resistance inhibition. METHODS High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and a panel of laboratory MRSA strains were used for checkerboard and efflux inhibitory assays. KEY FINDINGS Linoleic and oleic acids were identified from HSCCC fraction 18 of PO with synergistic antibacterial activity when combined with erythromycin against RN4220/pUL5054. Ethidium bromide efflux inhibitory studies revealed that linoleic and oleic acids may interfere the activity of MsrA pump. By comparing among a panel of linoleic and oleic acids analogues, unsaturated fatty acids in salt form with cis configuration and an increase in number of double bonds were found to further increase the antibacterial activity when used alone or in combination with antibiotics. CONCLUSION This study reported for the first time that two active ingredients, namely linoleic and oleic acids, were identified from PO with synergistic antibacterial activity when combined with erythromycin against MRSA RN4220/pUL5054 and possibly act by inhibiting the efflux pumps of the bacteria cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C L Chan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry & Plant Resources in West China (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Sthaneshwar P, Vethakkan SR, Wong CW. Causes of Low HbA1c in Malaysian University Hospital. Med J Malaysia 2014; 69:175-177. [PMID: 25500845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) most accurately reflects the previous two to three months of glycaemic control. HbA1c should be measured regularly in all patients with diabetes, and values should be maintained below 7% to prevent the risk of chronic complications. Apart from the genetic variants of haemoglobins many other conditions also known to affect HbA1c measurements. In this study we evaluated the conditions that cause low HbA1c results. METHODS AND MATERIALS The data was collected retrospectively HbA1c was measured in our laboratory by Biorad Variant II turbo 2.0. The method is based on chromatographic separation of HbA1c on a cation exchange cartridge. This method has been certified by National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Programme (NGSP). 58437 requests were received in a period of one year (January to December 2011). Medical records were reviewed to identify the conditions that might be associated with these low values. RESULTS Among 58437 samples analysed, 53 patients had HbA1c levels < 4.0%. Fourteen patients had haemoglobinopathy. In 34 patients without Hb variants had conditions such as chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease, haemolytic anaemia, pregnancy, and anaemia of chronic disease. Five non-pregnant individuals who were screened for diabetes mellitus had HbA1c levels < 4%. CONCLUSION Our study underscores the importance of that both laboratories and the physicians should be aware of the factors that can influence the HbA1c results. The haematological status should be taken into consideration for proper interpretation of HbA1c results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sthaneshwar
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - S R Vethakkan
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C W Wong
- University Malaya Medical Centre, Division of Laboratory Medicine, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cheuk YY, Lo WK, Chan SK, Wong CW. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumour Causing Chronic Diarrhoea: Radiological-Pathological Correlations. Hong Kong J Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1412150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Tan HK, Toh CXD, Ma D, Yang B, Liu TM, Lu J, Wong CW, Tan TK, Li H, Syn C, Tan EL, Lim B, Lim YP, Cook SA, Loh YH. Human finger-prick induced pluripotent stem cells facilitate the development of stem cell banking. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:586-98. [PMID: 24646489 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from somatic cells of patients can be a good model for studying human diseases and for future therapeutic regenerative medicine. Current initiatives to establish human iPSC (hiPSC) banking face challenges in recruiting large numbers of donors with diverse diseased, genetic, and phenotypic representations. In this study, we describe the efficient derivation of transgene-free hiPSCs from human finger-prick blood. Finger-prick sample collection can be performed on a "do-it-yourself" basis by donors and sent to the hiPSC facility for reprogramming. We show that single-drop volumes of finger-prick samples are sufficient for performing cellular reprogramming, DNA sequencing, and blood serotyping in parallel. Our novel strategy has the potential to facilitate the development of large-scale hiPSC banking worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Kee Tan
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore; Research and Development Unit, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, and Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore; Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Health Sciences Authority, Singapore; Centre for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Biological Sciences, and NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore; Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Yiu MK, Li CM, Hou SM, Wong CW, Tam S, Chu SK. Reliability and validity of the overactive bladder symptom score in Hong Kong Chinese. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19:504-10. [PMID: 23787257 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj133878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the Hong Kong Chinese translation of the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score questionnaire (OABSS-HKC). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Five urology clinics of different regional hospitals in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS The Overactive Bladder Symptom Score questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted for Hong Kong Chinese, according to the Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures. Chinese-speaking patients with overactive bladder symptoms were recruited from five urology clinics. The patients completed the OABSS-HKC, a 3-day micturition diary, International Prostate Symptom Scores, and the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition questionnaires (visit 1), and again after a 2-week interval (visit 2). Test-retest reliability was evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient and weighted Kappa coefficient. The relationship between OABSS-HKC total scores and items in the comparison measures was evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficients. RESULTS The OABSS-HKC was successfully translated and culturally adapted. Fifty-one patients completed the validation study. A high level of reliability was observed between the OABSS-HKC total score answered at visit 1 and 2 for all subjects (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.82) and among the four items answered (weighted Kappa coefficients, 0.57-0.75). The OABSS-HKC total score correlated significantly with numbers of micturitions, incontinence and urgency episodes recorded in the 3-day micturition diary, as well as the total International Prostate Symptom Scores and the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition score. However, the OABSS-HKC total score was not significantly associated with nocturia episodes, total voided volume, or number of pads used. CONCLUSIONS The OABSS-HKC total scores are reliable and moderately valid for the quantitative evaluation of overactive bladder symptoms in Hong Kong Chinese-speaking adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Yiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Li-Tsang CWP, Wong ASK, Chan JY, Lee AYT, Lam MCY, Wong CW, Lu Z. An investigation of visual contour integration ability in relation to writing performance in primary school students. Res Dev Disabil 2012; 33:2271-2278. [PMID: 22846174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A previous study found a visual deficit in contour integration in English readers with dyslexia (Simmers & Bex, 2001). Visual contour integration may play an even more significant role in Chinese handwriting particularly due to its logographic presentation (Lam, Au, Leung, & Li-Tsang, 2011). The current study examined the relationship between children's performance in visual contour (VC) integration and Chinese handwriting. Twenty students from grade 3 to grade 6 were recruited (M=9.51, SD=1.02) from a mainstream primary school using the convenience sampling method. Ten students were identified by teachers as having handwriting problems, and the other 10 were typical students. Participants performed the VC tasks and their handwriting performance was assessed by a Chinese Handwriting Assessment Tool (CHAT) in a classroom setting. Correlation analyses revealed that VC accuracy was significantly and negatively correlated with on paper time and total writing duration. t-Test analyses revealed statistically significant differences in VC accuracy between students with typical and poor handwriting, with consistently better VC accuracy performance in all conditions in the typical handwriting group. The results may have important implications for interventions aiming at improving children's handwriting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia W P Li-Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Islam AF, Walkden-Brown SW, Wong CW, Groves PJ, Burgess SK, Arzey KE, Young PL. Influence of vaccine deposition site on post-vaccinal viraemia and vaccine efficacy in broiler chickens following in ovo vaccination against Marek's disease. Avian Pathol 2012; 30:525-33. [PMID: 19184942 DOI: 10.1080/03079450120078725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In ovo vaccination against Marek's disease is a widely used technology in the broiler industry.A series of experiments was carried out to determine the site of vaccine deposition in the egg during automated in ovo vaccination, and the effect of vaccine deposition site and dose on vaccine responses following vaccination with cell-associated herpesvirus of turkeys in commercial broiler chickens. Vaccine deposition site following automated in ovo vaccination was principally influenced by the age of embryo, with egg size having a smaller effect. The frequency of vaccine deposition inside the embryo body increased as incubation progressed from day 17.5 to 19.5. In experiments using manual vaccine deposition intra-embryonically (IE) or extra-embryonically (EE) at day 18.5, EE vaccine deposition resulted in a significantly delayed development of post-vaccinal viraemia relative to both IE vaccination and subcutaneous vaccination at hatch. There were no effects of vaccine dose (2000, 4000 or 8000 plaque forming units) on the timing of post-vaccinal viraemia. The timing of post-vaccinal viraemia was found to be a good indicator of the level of protection provided by the vaccine against challenge with earlier viraemia associated with better protection. IE vaccine deposition induced significantly greater protection than EE deposition against challenge with a virulent strain of Marek's disease virus. IE deposition consistently produced a high level of protection (68 to 84%) irrespective of vaccine dose or challenge day, while EE vaccine deposition produced no or low levels of protection (0 to 27%) depending on the vaccine dose and day of challenge. The growth of challenged chickens was also affected by site of vaccine deposition, with significantly higher live weights at day 56 of age in IE compared with EE vaccinated groups. These data suggest that the site of vaccine deposition within the embryo is an important determinant of the success of in ovo vaccination.
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Gesuele F, Sfeir MY, Koh WK, Murray CB, Heinz TF, Wong CW. Ultrafast supercontinuum spectroscopy of carrier multiplication and biexcitonic effects in excited states of PbS quantum dots. Nano Lett 2012; 12:2658-2664. [PMID: 22149990 DOI: 10.1021/nl2021224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We examine the population dynamics of multiple excitons in PbS quantum dots using spectrally resolved ultrafast supercontinuum transient absorption (SC-TA) measurements. We simultaneously probe the first three excitonic transitions. The transient spectra show the presence of bleaching of absorption for the 1S(h)-1S(e) transition, as well as transients associated with the 1P(h)-1P(e) transition. We examine signatures of carrier multiplication (multiple excitons arising from a single absorbed photon) from analysis of the bleaching features in the limit of low absorbed photon numbers (left angle bracket N(abs) right angle bracket ∼ 10(-2)) for pump photon energies from two to four times that of the band gap. The efficiency of multiple-exciton generation is discussed both in terms of the ratio between early- to long-time transient absorption signals and of a broadband global fit to the data. Analysis of the population dynamics shows that bleaching associated with biexciton population is red shifted with respect to the single exciton feature, which is in accordance with a positive binding energy for the biexciton.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gesuele
- Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Center for Integrated Science and Engineering, Solid-State Science and Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.
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Lau KM, Fu LH, Wong YL, Lau CP, Wong CW, Cheng L, Lau CBS, Ooi VEC, Chan PKS, Fung KP, Hui M, Leung PC. Efficacy and active components of herbal extracts on the treatment of tinea pedis. Hong Kong Med J 2011; 17 Suppl 2:44-47. [PMID: 21368337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K M Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Haerian BS, Mohamed EHM, Lim KS, Tan HJ, Raymond AA, Tan CT, Wong CP, Wong CW, Zain SM, Roffeei SNM, Mohamed Z. Association of ABCB1 and NR1I2 polymorphisms with response to carbamazepine in Malaysian epilepsy patients. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.756.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - KS Lim
- MediniceUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - HJ Tan
- MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKLMalaysia
| | - AA Raymond
- MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKLMalaysia
| | - CT Tan
- MediniceUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - CP Wong
- MediniceUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - CW Wong
- MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKLMalaysia
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McMillan JF, Yu M, Kwong DL, Wong CW. Enhanced Raman scattering in slow-light photonic crystals for chip-scale frequency conversion and optical amplification. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:2243-2247. [PMID: 20355664 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of enhanced Raman scattering in silicon slow-light photonic crystal waveguides. By utilizing both the Bragg gap edge dispersion of TM-like modes for pump enhancement and the TE-like fundamental mode onset for Stokes enhancement, a six-fold increase in the spontaneous Raman scattering was observed in the double slow-light regime. Both forward and backward Stokes signals are examined, with continuous-wave measurements, in our low-loss photonic crystal membranes. The measured nonlinear enhancement matches well with our numerical model and simulations, and are described in detail in this paper. These observations support the development of chip-scale frequency conversion and optical amplification in silicon nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F McMillan
- Optical Nanostructures Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Liu SYW, Poon CM, Leung TL, Wong CW, Chan YL, Leung TC, Leong HT. Nurse-administered propofol-alfentanil sedation using a patient-controlled analgesia pump compared with opioid-benzodiazepine sedation for outpatient colonoscopy. Endoscopy 2009; 41:522-8. [PMID: 19440955 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Nurse-administered propofol sedation (NAPS) and patient-controlled sedation using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pumps are gaining increasing popularity for gastrointestinal endoscopy. We compared the safety and efficacy of NAPS using PCA pumps with diazemuls-pethidine sedation (DPS) for outpatient colonoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a prospective randomized controlled trial patients underwent outpatient colonoscopy with sedation by either NAPS or DPS. For NAPS, following intravenous loading of 0.8 mg/kg propofol, mixtures of 14.3 mg propofol and 35 microgram alfentanil were titrated by nurses using a PCA pump. For DPS, 0.1 mg/kg diazemuls and 0.5 mg/kg pethidine were given as intravenous bolus; further titration was administered as half doses at the endoscopist's discretion. Adequacy of sedation was measured by the Observer's Scale for Sedation and Alertness (OSSA) score (range 1-5). RESULTS Between July 2005 and June 2006, 88 patients were randomly allocated to NAPS and 90 to DPS. The groups were comparable for baseline characteristics and procedure time. With NAPS, levels of sedation both during colonoscopic intubation and at reaching the cecum were significantly deeper than with DPS (OSSA 3 vs. 5, P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in cardiopulmonary complication rates, pain scores, satisfaction scores, and patients' willingness to repeat colonoscopy with the same sedation. Drugs cost for NAPS was higher than for DPS (Hong Kong dollars [HKD] 98.34 vs. 5.01). CONCLUSION Despite higher costs, nurse-administered propofol-alfentanil sedation using a PCA pump can provide deeper conscious sedation, comparable satisfaction, and similar complication risks compared with conventional opioid-benzodiazepine sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y W Liu
- Department of Surgery, North District Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Kocaman S, Chatterjee R, Panoiu NC, McMillan JF, Yu MB, Osgood RM, Kwong DL, Wong CW. Observation of zeroth-order band gaps in negative-refraction photonic crystal superlattices at near-infrared frequencies. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:203905. [PMID: 19519031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.203905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present the first observations of zero-n[over ] band gaps in photonic crystal superlattices consisting of alternating stacks of negative-index photonic crystals and positive-index dielectric materials in the near-infrared range. Guided by ab initio three-dimensional numerical simulations, the fabricated nanostructured superlattices demonstrate the presence of zeroth-order gaps in remarkable agreement with theoretical predictions across a range of different superlattice periods and unit cell variations. These volume-averaged zero-index superlattice structures present a new type of photonic band gap, with the potential for complete wave front control for arbitrary phase delay lines and open cavity resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kocaman
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Abstract
Hypophosphatasia is a rare genetic metabolic disorder characterised by defective bone mineralisation secondary to serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency. We report a 46-year-old woman who underwent multiple intramedullary nailings for fractures and deformities of 6 long bones over 13 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong.
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Chatterjee R, Panoiu NC, Liu K, Dios Z, Yu MB, Doan MT, Kaufman LJ, Osgood RM, Wong CW. Achieving subdiffraction imaging through bound surface states in negative refraction photonic crystals in the near-infrared range. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:187401. [PMID: 18518415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.187401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of imaging beyond the diffraction limit due to bound surface states in negative refraction photonic crystals. We achieve an effective negative index figure of merit [-Re(n)/Im(n)] of at least 380, approximately 125x improvement over recent efforts in the near-infrared range, with a 0.4 THz bandwidth. Supported by numerical and theoretical analyses, the observed near-field resolution is 0.47lambda, clearly smaller than the diffraction limit of 0.61lambda. Importantly, we show this subdiffraction imaging is due to the resonant excitation of surface slab modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chatterjee
- Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Wong CW, Tisch J, Porter GF, Young C, Dwyer B. OUTCOME AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS ON 57 CASES OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS IN A SINGLE CENTRE. Heart Lung Circ 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2008.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Somchit N, Wong CW, Zuraini A, Ahmad Bustamam A, Hasiah AH, Khairi HM, Sulaiman MR, Israf DA. Involvement of phenobarbital and SKF 525A in the hepatotoxicity of antifungal drugs itraconazole and fluconazole in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2006; 29:237-53. [PMID: 16777703 DOI: 10.1080/01480540600651535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Itraconazole and fluconazole are potent wide spectrum antifungal drugs. Both of these drugs induce hepatotoxicity clinically. The mechanism underlying the hepatotoxicity is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of phenobarbital (PB), an inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP), and SKF 525A, an inhibitor of CYP, in the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by these two drugs in vivo. Rats were pretreated with PB (75 mg/kg for 4 days) prior to itraconazole or fluconazole dosing (20 and 200 mg/kg for 4 days). In the inhibition study, for 4 consecutive days, rats were pretreated with SKF 525A (50 mg/kg) or saline followed by itraconazole or fluconazole (20 and 200 mg/kg) Dose-dependent increases in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and in liver weight were detected in rats receiving itraconazole treatment. Interestingly, pretreatment with PB prior to itraconazole reduced the ALT and gamma-GT activities and the liver weight of rats. No changes were observed in rats treated with fluconazole. Pretreatment with SKF 525A induced more severe hepatotoxicity for both itraconazole and fluconazole. CYP 3A activity was inhibited dose-dependently by itraconazole treatment. Itraconazole had no effects on the activity of CYP 1A and 2E. Fluconazole potently inhibited all three isoenzymes of CYP. PB plays a role in hepatoprotection to itraconazole-induced but not fluconazole-induced hepatotoxicity. SKF 525A enhanced the hepatotoxicity of both antifungal drugs in vivo. Therefore, it can be concluded that inhibition of CYP may play a key role in the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by itraconazole and fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Somchit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Deng K, Wong CW, Nolan JV. Carry-over effects of dietary yeast RNA as a source of nucleotides on lymphoid organs and immune responses in Leghorn-type chickens. Br Poult Sci 2006; 46:673-8. [PMID: 16428109 DOI: 10.1080/00071660500395426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. The carry-over effects of supplementing Leghorn-type chickens with yeast RNA as a dietary source of nucleotides for 4 weeks on growth, lymphoid organ weights and immune responses were assessed in a 12-week study. 2. A commercial starter feed supplemented with 0 (control), 5 (LR) or 10 (HR) g yeast RNA/kg was offered to 1-d-old male ISA Brown chicks for 4 weeks, and then all birds were given a commercial pullet grower feed for another 8 weeks. Growth performance, antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and cutaneous reactivity of toe webs to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-M were measured at 4-week intervals. 3. Growth rates, feed intake and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary yeast RNA during the supplementary period, but birds previously offered the HR diet grew faster than control birds during weeks 4 to 8.4. LR-fed birds had a higher spleen weight relative to body weight (BW) than control birds at week 4, but this effect was not detected at other times. 5. Serum primary antibody levels against SRBC were not affected by dietary yeast RNA at any time. 6. The toe-web PHA response was significantly higher at week 8 in control birds than in birds previously given the LR diet, although no difference among dietary treatments was observed at other times. 7. It is concluded that the addition of yeast RNA as a source of nucleotides to a commercial diet selectively stimulated the development of the spleen in young birds, but this effect did not persist into a later stage of the bird's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Deng
- Animal Science School of Rural Science and Agriculture, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
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Deng K, Wong CW, Nolan JV. Long-term effects of early-life dietary L-carnitine on lymphoid organs and immune responses in Leghorn-type chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2006; 90:81-6. [PMID: 16422773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The long-term effects of supplementing Leghorn-type chickens with dietary L-carnitine after hatching for 4 weeks on growth, lymphoid organ weights, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were assessed in a 12-week study. A commercial starter feed supplemented with 0 (control), 100 (LC) or 1,000 (HC) mg L-carnitine/kg was offered to day-old ISA Brown cockerels for 4 weeks, then all birds were given a commercial pullet grower feed for another 8 weeks. No differences (p > 0.05) in growth rates, feed intake or feed utilisation efficiency existed among the dietary treatments throughout the study. Compared with control birds, HC-fed birds had a lower (p < 0.05) thymus weight relative to bodyweight (BW) at Week 4, but a higher (p < 0.05) relative thymus weight at Week 12. A higher (p < 0.05) serum primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in HC-fed birds than in the other two groups was also detected at Week 12. Relative spleen or bursa weights and cutaneous responses of toe webs to phytohaemagglutimin (PHA) (an in vivo indicator of cell-mediated immune responses) did not differ (p > 0.05) among dietary treatments at any time. It is concluded that a short-term supply of dietary L-carnitine to a conventional commercial feed after hatching enhanced subsequent humoral immunity in Leghorn-type chickens. Further study is warranted to confirm such a long-term effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Deng
- Animal Science, School of Rural Science and Agriculture, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
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Ellis TM, Sims LD, Wong HKH, Wong CW, Dyrting KC, Chow KW, Leung C, Peiris JSM. Use of avian influenza vaccination in Hong Kong. Dev Biol (Basel) 2006; 124:133-43. [PMID: 16447504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) that occurred in Hong Kong up until February/March 2002 were controlled by stamping out. With endemic presence of the virus in the region and large daily importation of poultry to Hong Kong, the Administration considered that further risk management measures, in addition to improved biosecurity and enhanced surveillance, were necessary to prevent outbreaks. Vaccination using a killed H5N2 vaccine was evaluated over a 12-month period in the district with the last HPAI cases in the early 2002 outbreak. The vaccination trial showed that farmer-administered killed H5N2 vaccine produced suitable flock antibody responses; vaccinated birds were protected against H5N1 HPAI virus challenge and excreted significantly less H5N1 virus; and vaccination was able to control virus excretion in flocks during field outbreaks. Universal vaccination of local chicken farms was introduced in June 2003 and by the end of 2003 all chickens entering the live poultry markets in Hong Kong were vaccinated by killed H5N2 vaccine. In addition to vaccination, an enhanced biosecurity programme on farms and in live poultry markets and a comprehensive surveillance programme in poultry, wild birds, recreation park birds and pet birds were in place. Vaccination use and performance is closely monitored. This programme was successful in protecting local farms and live poultry markets from H5N1 outbreaks during the regional H5N1 outbreaks in 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Ellis
- Agriculture Fisheries and Conservation Department, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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Deng K, Wong CW, Nolan JV. Long-term effects of early life L-arginine supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organs and immune responses in Leghorn-type chickens. Br Poult Sci 2005; 46:318-24. [PMID: 16050185 DOI: 10.1080/00071660500127449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a short-term dietary arginine supplementation after hatching on subsequent growth and the immune system were assessed in growing male Leghorn-type chickens. An arginine-deficient basal diet (67 g/kg) supplemented with 0 (control), 2.7 (LA) or 5.4 (HA) g L-arginine/kg, was offered ad libitum to 1-d-old male ISA Brown chicks for 4 weeks, then all birds were offered ad libitum a commercial pullet grower feed (8.9 g arginine/kg) for another 8 weeks. Supplemented birds had higher growth rates and feed intake than control birds during the 4-week supplementation period, but these effects did not persist into the subsequent periods. When the supplementation ceased at week 4, no differences in lymphoid organ weights relative to body weight (BW), primary serum antibody levels against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or cutaneous reactivity of toe webs to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were detected. LA-fed birds had lower immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels against bovine serum albumin (BSA) than the control at week 4, but this effect did not persist at weeks 8 and 12. No difference in anti-BSA IgM levels was detected among birds at week 4; at week 12, however, the LA-fed birds had a significantly higher anti-BSA IgM level than the control. An increased anti-SRBC antibody level and a reduced relative bursa weight in HA-fed birds were evident at week 8, without any prior effects. It is concluded that short-term supplementary L-arginine had minimal effects on immunity, but some enhancement of SRBC antibody responses in later stages of growth was observed with previous L-arginine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Deng
- Animal Science, School of Rural Science and Agriculture, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
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Chai SC, Wong CW. Dynamic traction and passive mobilization for the rehabilitation of zone II flexor tendon injuries: a modified regime. Med J Malaysia 2005; 60 Suppl C:59-65. [PMID: 16381286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified regime for rehabilitation of Zone II flexor tendon injuries in Sibu Hospital. From January to December 2003, 8 patients with 15 injured digits were treated by using the combined method of dynamic traction and passive mobilization. According to Strickland's criteria, 14 (93.3%) digits achieved good to excellent outcomes and only 1 (6.7%) was rated as poor. No occurrence of tendon rupture was noted. The overall grip strength of the injured hand was 50.1% of the uninjured hand at 3 months after the repair. Our results compare favorably with the other published studies. We believed that this modified regime is as effective as other established regimes and suitable to be adopted in our setting. Further study with larger sample group will be required to consolidate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Chai
- Occupational Therapy Unit, Sibu Hospital, Sibu, Sarawak
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