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Ma H, Papworth SK, Ge T, Wu X, Yu C, Zhang H, Xiao F, Gaillard D, Bielby J, Turvey ST. Ecological knowledge and value of traded species: Local awareness of native turtles in Hainan, China. Anim Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Shechtman LA, Scott JK, Larson ED, Isner TJ, Johnson BJ, Gaillard D, Dempsey PJ, Barlow LA. High Sox2 expression predicts taste lineage competency of lingual progenitors in vitro. Development 2023; 150:dev201375. [PMID: 36794954 PMCID: PMC10112921 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Taste buds on the tongue contain taste receptor cells (TRCs) that detect sweet, sour, salty, umami and bitter stimuli. Like non-taste lingual epithelium, TRCs are renewed from basal keratinocytes, many of which express the transcription factor SOX2. Genetic lineage tracing has shown that SOX2+ lingual progenitors give rise to both taste and non-taste lingual epithelium in the posterior circumvallate taste papilla (CVP) of mice. However, SOX2 is variably expressed among CVP epithelial cells, suggesting that their progenitor potential may vary. Using transcriptome analysis and organoid technology, we show that cells expressing SOX2 at higher levels are taste-competent progenitors that give rise to organoids comprising both TRCs and lingual epithelium. Conversely, organoids derived from progenitors that express SOX2 at lower levels are composed entirely of non-taste cells. Hedgehog and WNT/β-catenin are required for taste homeostasis in adult mice. However, manipulation of hedgehog signaling in organoids has no impact on TRC differentiation or progenitor proliferation. By contrast, WNT/β-catenin promotes TRC differentiation in vitro in organoids derived from higher but not low SOX2+ expressing progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Shechtman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Scott
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric D. Larson
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Trevor J. Isner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bryan J. Johnson
- Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Peter J. Dempsey
- Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Linda A. Barlow
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Gaillard D, Masson D, Garo E, Souidi M, Pais de Barros JP, Schoonjans K, Grober J, Besnard P, Thomas C. Muricholic Acids Promote Resistance to Hypercholesterolemia in Cholesterol-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7163. [PMID: 34281217 PMCID: PMC8269105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Although resistant to hypercholesterolemia, the mouse is a prominent model in cardiovascular research. To assess the contribution of bile acids to this protective phenotype, we explored the impact of a 2-week-long dietary cholesterol overload on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in mice. METHODS Bile acid, oxysterol, and cholesterol metabolism and transport were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, GC-MS/MS, or enzymatic assays in the liver, the gut, the kidney, as well as in the feces, the blood, and the urine. RESULTS Plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels were unchanged in mice fed a cholesterol-rich diet that contained 100-fold more cholesterol than the standard diet. In the liver, oxysterol-mediated LXR activation stimulated the synthesis of bile acids and in particular increased the levels of hydrophilic muricholic acids, which in turn reduced FXR signaling, as assessed in vivo with Fxr reporter mice. Consequently, biliary and basolateral excretions of bile acids and cholesterol were increased, whereas portal uptake was reduced. Furthermore, we observed a reduction in intestinal and renal bile acid absorption. CONCLUSIONS These coordinated events are mediated by increased muricholic acid levels which inhibit FXR signaling in favor of LXR and SREBP2 signaling to promote efficient fecal and urinary elimination of cholesterol and neo-synthesized bile acids. Therefore, our data suggest that enhancement of the hydrophilic bile acid pool following a cholesterol overload may contribute to the resistance to hypercholesterolemia in mice. This work paves the way for new therapeutic opportunities using hydrophilic bile acid supplementation to mitigate hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Center for Translational Medicine, UMR1231 INSERM-uB-AgroSupDijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 21000 Dijon, France; (D.G.); (D.M.); (J.-P.P.d.B.); (J.G.)
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, and The Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David Masson
- Center for Translational Medicine, UMR1231 INSERM-uB-AgroSupDijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 21000 Dijon, France; (D.G.); (D.M.); (J.-P.P.d.B.); (J.G.)
- LipSTIC LabEx, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 21000 Dijon, France
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital François Mitterrand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Erwan Garo
- IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 1258, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | - Maamar Souidi
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France;
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- Center for Translational Medicine, UMR1231 INSERM-uB-AgroSupDijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 21000 Dijon, France; (D.G.); (D.M.); (J.-P.P.d.B.); (J.G.)
- LipSTIC LabEx, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 21000 Dijon, France
- Lipidomic Facility, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Institute of Bioengineering, Life Science Faculty, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Jacques Grober
- Center for Translational Medicine, UMR1231 INSERM-uB-AgroSupDijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 21000 Dijon, France; (D.G.); (D.M.); (J.-P.P.d.B.); (J.G.)
- LipSTIC LabEx, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Besnard
- Center for Translational Medicine, UMR1231 INSERM-uB-AgroSupDijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 21000 Dijon, France; (D.G.); (D.M.); (J.-P.P.d.B.); (J.G.)
- LipSTIC LabEx, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 21000 Dijon, France
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, AgroSup Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Charles Thomas
- Center for Translational Medicine, UMR1231 INSERM-uB-AgroSupDijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 21000 Dijon, France; (D.G.); (D.M.); (J.-P.P.d.B.); (J.G.)
- LipSTIC LabEx, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 21000 Dijon, France
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Golden EJ, Larson ED, Shechtman LA, Trahan GD, Gaillard D, Fellin TJ, Scott JK, Jones KL, Barlow LA. Onset of taste bud cell renewal starts at birth and coincides with a shift in SHH function. eLife 2021; 10:64013. [PMID: 34009125 PMCID: PMC8172241 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic taste bud primordia are specified as taste placodes on the tongue surface and differentiate into the first taste receptor cells (TRCs) at birth. Throughout adult life, TRCs are continually regenerated from epithelial progenitors. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling regulates TRC development and renewal, repressing taste fate embryonically, but promoting TRC differentiation in adults. Here, using mouse models, we show TRC renewal initiates at birth and coincides with onset of SHHs pro-taste function. Using transcriptional profiling to explore molecular regulators of renewal, we identified Foxa1 and Foxa2 as potential SHH target genes in lingual progenitors at birth and show that SHH overexpression in vivo alters FoxA1 and FoxA2 expression relevant to taste buds. We further bioinformatically identify genes relevant to cell adhesion and cell locomotion likely regulated by FOXA1;FOXA2 and show that expression of these candidates is also altered by forced SHH expression. We present a new model where SHH promotes TRC differentiation by regulating changes in epithelial cell adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Golden
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Eric D Larson
- The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Lauren A Shechtman
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - G Devon Trahan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Timothy J Fellin
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Jennifer K Scott
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,The Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
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Shechtman LA, Piarowski CM, Scott JK, Golden EJ, Gaillard D, Barlow LA. Generation and Culture of Lingual Organoids Derived from Adult Mouse Taste Stem Cells. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33871462 DOI: 10.3791/62300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The sense of taste is mediated by taste buds on the tongue, which are composed of rapidly renewing taste receptor cells (TRCs). This continual turnover is powered by local progenitor cells and renders taste function prone to disruption by a multitude of medical treatments, which in turn severely impacts the quality of life. Thus, studying this process in the context of drug treatment is vital to understanding if and how taste progenitor function and TRC production are affected. Given the ethical concerns and limited availability of human taste tissue, mouse models, which have a taste system similar to humans, are commonly used. Compared to in vivo methods, which are time-consuming, expensive, and not amenable to high throughput studies, murine lingual organoids can enable experiments to be run rapidly with many replicates and fewer mice. Here, previously published protocols have been adapted and a standardized method for generating taste organoids from taste progenitor cells isolated from the circumvallate papilla (CVP) of adult mice is presented. Taste progenitor cells in the CVP express LGR5 and can be isolated via EGFP fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from mice carrying an Lgr5EGFP-IRES-CreERT2 allele. Sorted cells are plated onto a matrix gel-based 3D culture system and cultured for 12 days. Organoids expand for the first 6 days of the culture period via proliferation and then enter a differentiation phase, during which they generate all three taste cell types along with non-taste epithelial cells. Organoids can be harvested upon maturation at day 12 or at any time during the growth process for RNA expression and immunohistochemical analysis. Standardizing culture methods for production of lingual organoids from adult stem cells will improve reproducibility and advance lingual organoids as a powerful drug screening tool in the fight to help patients experiencing taste dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Shechtman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Christina M Piarowski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Jennifer K Scott
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Erin J Golden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus;
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus;
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Abstract
Since the early 20th century, progress in cancer therapies has significantly improved disease prognosis. Nonetheless, cancer treatments are often associated with side effects that can negatively affect patient well-being and disrupt the course of treatment. Among the main side effects, taste impairment is associated with depression, malnutrition, and morbid weight loss. Although relatively common, taste disruption associated with cancer therapies remains poorly understood. Here, we review the current knowledge related to the molecular mechanisms underlying taste maintenance and disruption in the context of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Mail Stop 8108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Mail Stop 8108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Gaillard D, Shechtman LA, Millar SE, Barlow LA. Fractionated head and neck irradiation impacts taste progenitors, differentiated taste cells, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in adult mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17934. [PMID: 31784592 PMCID: PMC6884601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer patients receiving conventional repeated, low dose radiotherapy (fractionated IR) suffer from taste dysfunction that can persist for months and often years after treatment. To understand the mechanisms underlying functional taste loss, we established a fractionated IR mouse model to characterize how taste buds are affected. Following fractionated IR, we found as in our previous study using single dose IR, taste progenitor proliferation was reduced and progenitor cell number declined, leading to interruption in the supply of new taste receptor cells to taste buds. However, in contrast to a single dose of IR, we did not encounter increased progenitor cell death in response to fractionated IR. Instead, fractionated IR induced death of cells within taste buds. Overall, taste buds were smaller and fewer following fractionated IR, and contained fewer differentiated cells. In response to fractionated IR, expression of Wnt pathway genes, Ctnnb1, Tcf7, Lef1 and Lgr5 were reduced concomitantly with reduced progenitor proliferation. However, recovery of Wnt signaling post-IR lagged behind proliferative recovery. Overall, our data suggest carefully timed, local activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling may mitigate radiation injury and/or speed recovery of taste cell renewal following fractionated IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Lauren A Shechtman
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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8
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Gaillard D, Kinnamon SC. New evidence for fat as a primary taste quality. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13246. [PMID: 30588748 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado
| | - Sue C. Kinnamon
- Department of Otolaryngology, and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell CenterUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora Colorado
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Lautier A, Gaillard D, Juvin A, Gille J, Sargentini J, Dehe T. Monitoring of Blood Gases during Extracorporeal Circulation with an Artificial Lung. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889001300212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During cardiopulmonary bypass, the heart-lung machine and the patient's gas exchange systems (uptake and elimination) form an undissociable couple. Changes in one of the components lead to corresponding changes in the other. In the artificial lung, like in the natural lung and peripheral tissues, gas exchanges depend on several parameters: blood inlet conditions, blood flow rate, temperature, composition of the gas mixture used for ventilation, blood tissue perfusion, O2 consumption, etc. The perfusionist's primary objective is to obtain from the artificial lung adequate O2 delivery to and CO2 removal from the tissues. This paper discusses the main parameters which must be taken into account and analyses the main sensors currently available for in-line measurement of blood gases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - T. Dehe
- INSERM U256, Hopital Broussais, Paris
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10
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Abstract
This study determines the evolution of ECC in EEC. After recollecting the great stages of ECC since its routinely use in open heart surgery, the study situates its position in the entire world taking into account several indexes like the Gross National Product (GNP) and its evolution, the life expectancy and some other factors either technical or economical. Only a coarse analysis could be done for Europe due to an unsteady evolution. A more detailed analysis has been achieved for France thanks to a greater number of data. In such a study the major difficulty is to estimate the relevance and consistancy of data which can change very quickly and are provided either by companies or by other organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lautier
- INSERM U256 Laboratoire de Physiologie Faculté de Médecine, Creteil
| | - J.P. Gille
- INSERM U14 Case Officielle N. 10, Vandoeuvre les Nancy
| | - A.M. Juvin
- INSERM U256 Laboratoire de Physiologie Faculté de Médecine, Creteil
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Heidet L, Morinière V, Henry C, De Tomasi L, Campait R, Alibeu O, Fourrage C, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschké P, Pietrement C, Gaillard D, Gonzales M, Novo R, Schaeffer E, Roume J, Martinovic J, Salomon R, Saunier S, Antignac C, Jeanpierre C. Cakutome, a high-throughput tool for molecular diagnosis and identification of novel causative genes for CAKUT patients. Arch Pediatr 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Gaillard D, Bowles SG, Salcedo E, Xu M, Millar SE, Barlow LA. β-catenin is required for taste bud cell renewal and behavioral taste perception in adult mice. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006990. [PMID: 28846687 PMCID: PMC5591015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste stimuli are transduced by taste buds and transmitted to the brain via afferent gustatory fibers. Renewal of taste receptor cells from actively dividing progenitors is finely tuned to maintain taste sensitivity throughout life. We show that conditional β-catenin deletion in mouse taste progenitors leads to rapid depletion of progenitors and Shh+ precursors, which in turn causes taste bud loss, followed by loss of gustatory nerve fibers. In addition, our data suggest LEF1, TCF7 and Wnt3 are involved in a Wnt pathway regulatory feedback loop that controls taste cell renewal in the circumvallate papilla epithelium. Unexpectedly, taste bud decline is greater in the anterior tongue and palate than in the posterior tongue. Mutant mice with this regional pattern of taste bud loss were unable to discern sweet at any concentration, but could distinguish bitter stimuli, albeit with reduced sensitivity. Our findings are consistent with published reports wherein anterior taste buds have higher sweet sensitivity while posterior taste buds are better tuned to bitter, and suggest β-catenin plays a greater role in renewal of anterior versus posterior taste buds. By remaining relatively constant throughout adult life, the sense of taste helps keep the body healthy. However, taste perception can be disrupted by various environmental factors, including cancer therapies. Here, we show that Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a pathway known to control normal tissue maintenance and associated with the development of cancers, is required for taste cell renewal and behavioral taste sensitivity in mice. Our findings are significant as they suggest that chemotherapies targeting the Wnt pathway in cancerous tissues may cause taste dysfunction and further diminish the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Spencer G. Bowles
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mingang Xu
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell & Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Millar
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell & Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Linda A. Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Gaillard D, Stratford JM. Measurement of Behavioral Taste Responses in Mice: Two-Bottle Preference, Lickometer, and Conditioned Taste-Aversion Tests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:380-407. [PMID: 27906463 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The natural like and dislike of foods based on taste is one of the most easily observed behaviors in animals. Animals eat palatable foods and reject aversive foods, which makes measurement of taste perception possible using various behavioral techniques. Three different methods to accurately measure taste behavior are described here. First, two-bottle preference tests evaluate whether a taste compound (tastant) is preferred over water. Second, lickometer tests quantify the like and dislike for multiple concentrations of the same tastant or multiple tastants at the same time. Finally, conditioned taste aversion tests accurately determine the perceived taste threshold for palatable tastants. Together, these diverse methods enable researchers to observe and measure behavioral taste responses in mice to any tastant. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer M Stratford
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Bertoin F, Letouzé E, Grignani P, Patey M, Rossignol S, Libé R, Pasqual C, Lardière-Deguelte S, Hoeffel-Fornes C, Gaillard D, Previderè C, Delemer B, Lalli E. Genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy as a cause of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome associated with recurrent virilizing adrenocortical tumors. Horm Metab Res 2015; 47:497-503. [PMID: 25365508 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1394371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth syndrome characterized by fetal macrosomia, macroglossia, and abdominal wall defects. BWS patients are at risk to develop Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, and adrenal tumors. A young woman with BWS features, but with inconclusive genetic evidence for the disease, came to clinical observation for signs of virilization at the age of 16 years. An adrenocortical tumor was diagnosed and surgically resected. The tumor underwent 2 local relapses that were also surgically treated. The patient was also operated to remove a breast fibroadenoma. SNP arrays were used to analyze chromosome abnormalities in normal and tumor samples from the patient and her parents. The patient presented genome-wide mosaic paternal uniparental disomy (patUPD) both in the adrenocortical and the breast tumors, with different degrees of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). The more recent relapses of the adrenocortical tumor showed a loss of part of chromosome 17p that was absent in the first tumor. Analysis of a skin biopsy sample also showed mosaic patUPD with partial LOH, while no LOH was detected in leukocyte DNA. This case shows that virilizing adrenocortical tumors may be a clinical feature of patients with BWS. The SNP array technology is useful to diagnose genome-wide patUPD mosaicism in BWS patients with an inconclusive molecular diagnosis and underlines the tumorigenic potential of the absence of the maternal genome combined with an excess of the paternal genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bertoin
- Department of Endocrinology, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - E Letouzé
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - P Grignani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Patey
- Department of Pathology, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - S Rossignol
- Laboratory of Endocrine Functional Explorations, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, INSERM UMRS 938 Team 4, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - R Libé
- Department of Endocrinology-Metabolism-Cancer, APHP, Institut Cochin, Université Paris V-René Descartes, Paris, France
| | - C Pasqual
- Service of Diabetology, Hospital of Troyes, Troyes, France
| | - S Lardière-Deguelte
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - C Hoeffel-Fornes
- Department of Radiology, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - D Gaillard
- Department of Genetics, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - C Previderè
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - B Delemer
- Department of Endocrinology, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - E Lalli
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7275, Sophia Antipolis-Valbonne, France
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15
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Gaillard D, Xu M, Liu F, Millar SE, Barlow LA. β-Catenin Signaling Biases Multipotent Lingual Epithelial Progenitors to Differentiate and Acquire Specific Taste Cell Fates. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005208. [PMID: 26020789 PMCID: PMC4447363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous taste bud cell renewal is essential to maintain taste function in adults; however, the molecular mechanisms that regulate taste cell turnover are unknown. Using inducible Cre-lox technology, we show that activation of β-catenin signaling in multipotent lingual epithelial progenitors outside of taste buds diverts daughter cells from a general epithelial to a taste bud fate. Moreover, while taste buds comprise 3 morphological types, β-catenin activation drives overproduction of primarily glial-like Type I taste cells in both anterior fungiform (FF) and posterior circumvallate (CV) taste buds, with a small increase in Type II receptor cells for sweet, bitter and umami, but does not alter Type III sour detector cells. Beta-catenin activation in post-mitotic taste bud precursors likewise regulates cell differentiation; forced activation of β-catenin in these Shh+ cells promotes Type I cell fate in both FF and CV taste buds, but likely does so non-cell autonomously. Our data are consistent with a model where β-catenin signaling levels within lingual epithelial progenitors dictate cell fate prior to or during entry of new cells into taste buds; high signaling induces Type I cells, intermediate levels drive Type II cell differentiation, while low levels may drive differentiation of Type III cells. Taste is a fundamental sense that helps the body determine whether food can be ingested. Taste dysfunction can be a side effect of cancer therapies, can result from an alteration of the renewal capacities of the taste buds, and is often associated with psychological distress and malnutrition. Thus, understanding how taste cells renew throughout adult life, i.e. how newly born cells replace old cells as they die, is essential to find potential therapeutic targets to improve taste sensitivity in patients suffering taste dysfunction. Here we show that a specific molecular pathway, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, controls renewal of taste cells by regulating separate stages of taste cell turnover. We show that activating this pathway directs the newly born cells to become primarily a specific taste cell type whose role is to support the other taste cells and help them work efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mingang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White Hospital, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Millar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Linda A. Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Boyer FC, Rapin A, Percebois-Macadré L, Coulon JM, Belassian G, Regrain E, Bombart V, Toussaint-Thorin M, Carré-Pigeon F, Merol JC, Nazeyrollas P, Perdu D, Chaunu MP, Taiar R, Gaillard D. Perception de l’intégration à la vie normale des personnes atteintes de maladies neuromusculaires lentement progressives. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2013.07.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Desphieux A, Carre-Pigeon F, Melin-Blocquaux MC, Delepine B, Boyer F, Coulon JM, Youinou Y, Gaillard D. Préservation de la fertilité chez les hommes blessés médullaires. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2013.07.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Boyer FC, Rapin A, Percebois-Macadré L, Coulon JM, Belassian G, Regrain E, Bombart V, Toussaint-Thorin M, Carré-Pigeon F, Merol JC, Nazeyrollas P, Perdu D, Chaunu MP, Taiar R, Gaillard D. Reintegration to Normal Living Index in a population of community-dwelling people with slowly muscular diseases. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2013.07.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Desphieux A, Carre-Pigeon F, Melin-Blocquaux MC, Delepine B, Boyer F, Coulon JM, Youinou Y, Gaillard D. Fertility preservation in spinal cord injured men. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2013.07.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Petit F, Jourdain AS, Andrieux J, Baujat G, Baumann C, Beneteau C, David A, Faivre L, Gaillard D, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Jouk PS, Le Caignec C, Loget P, Pasquier L, Porchet N, Holder-Espinasse M, Manouvrier-Hanu S, Escande F. Split hand/foot malformation with long-bone deficiency and BHLHA9 duplication: report of 13 new families. Clin Genet 2013; 85:464-9. [PMID: 23790188 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) with long-bone deficiency (SHFLD, MIM#119100) is a rare condition characterized by SHFM associated with long-bone malformation usually involving the tibia. Previous published data reported several unrelated patients with 17p13.3 duplication and SHFLD. Recently, the minimal critical region had been reduced, suggesting that BHLHA9 copy number gains are associated with this limb defect. Here, we report on 13 new families presenting with ectrodactyly and harboring a BHLHA9 duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Petit
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU Lille, Lille, France; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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Ramanah R, Martin A, Guigue V, Arbez-Gindre F, Piard J, Terrosi P, Alanio E, Favre R, Gaillard D, Riethmuller D. Recurrent prenatally diagnosed isolated bilateral pulmonary agenesis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 40:724-725. [PMID: 22374821 DOI: 10.1002/uog.11146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Ramanah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Besançon University Medical Center, Besançon, France
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Leroy C, Servettaz A, Beaumont C, Derancourt C, Jaussaud R, Gaillard D. À propos d’une forme familiale autosomique dominante d’hyperferritinémie : le syndrome cataracte-hyperferritinémie. Rev Med Interne 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2012.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Callon-Doue N, Lechki C, Gaillard D, Ploton D, Adnet J. Etude des organisteurs nucleolaires dans les tumeurs cartilagineusev. A propos de 25 observations. Biol Cell 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/0248-4900(88)90146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Martin C, Passilly-Degrace P, Gaillard D, Merlin JF, Chevrot M, Besnard P. The lipid-sensor candidates CD36 and GPR120 are differentially regulated by dietary lipids in mouse taste buds: impact on spontaneous fat preference. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24014. [PMID: 21901153 PMCID: PMC3162022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies in rodents and humans suggest that the chemoreception of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in oral cavity is involved in the spontaneous preference for fatty foods and might contribute to the obesity risk. CD36 and GPR120 are LCFA receptors identified in rodent taste bud cells. The fact that CD36 or GPR120 gene inactivation leads to a decrease in the preference for lipids raises the question of the respective role(s) played by these gustatory lipid-sensor candidates. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using a combination of biochemical, nutritional and behavioural studies in wild-type, CD36(+/-)and CD36(-/-) mice, it was found that: 1°) CD36 and GPR120 display different diurnal rhythms in the gustatory circumvallate papillae, CD36 mRNA levels being down-regulated during the dark period in contrast to GPR120, 2°) this change is due to food intake and strictly dependent of the presence of lipids in the diet, 3°) CD36 protein levels are also rapidly but transiently decreased by the food intake, a two-fold drop in CD36 protein levels being found 1 h after refeeding, followed by a progressive return to the pre-prandial values, 4°) this down-regulation, which has a post-transcriptional origin, seems sufficient to alter the spontaneous fat preference, independently to change in the GPR120 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In contrast to GPR120, CD36 appears to be a food-sensitive lipid sensor in the gustatory circumvallate papillae. Lipid-mediated change in lingual CD36 expression might modulate the motivation for fat during a meal, initially high and then gradually decreasing secondary to the food intake. This short-term lipid-mediated effect is reminiscent of sensory-specific satiety. These findings, which highlight the role played by CD36 in the oro-sensory perception of dietary lipids, raise the possibility of novel pharmacological strategies to modify attraction for fatty foods and decrease obesity risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Martin
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Dany Gaillard
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-François Merlin
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Michaël Chevrot
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Besnard
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, INSERM U866, Université de Bourgogne, AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
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25
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Gaillard D, Barlow LA. Taste bud cells of adult mice are responsive to Wnt/β-catenin signaling: implications for the renewal of mature taste cells. Genesis 2011; 49:295-306. [PMID: 21328519 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development in mouse embryos, however, its involvement in taste cell turnover in adult mice has not been explored. Here we used the BATGAL reporter mouse model, which carries an engineered allele in which the LacZ gene is expressed in the presence of activated β-catenin, to determine the responsiveness of adult taste bud cells to canonical Wnt signaling. Double immunostaining with markers of differentiated taste cells revealed that a subset of Type I, II, and III taste cells express β-galactosidase. Using in situ hybridization, we showed that β-catenin activates the transcription of the LacZ gene mainly in intragemmal basal cells that are immature taste cells, identified by their expression of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh). Finally, we showed that β-catenin activity is significantly reduced in taste buds of 25-week-old mice compared with 10-week-old animals. Our data suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling may influence taste cell turnover by regulating cell differentiation. Reduced canonical Wnt signaling in older mice could explain in part the loss of taste sensitivity with aging, implicating a possible deficiency in the rate of taste cell renewal. More investigations are now necessary to understand if and how Wnt signaling regulates adult taste cell turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
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26
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Derniaux E, Zachar D, Bory JP, Gaillard D, Favre R, Graesslin O. Detection of a prenatal mature tumor arising from the external genitalia in a female fetus: fetus-in-fetu or teratoma? Prenat Diagn 2010; 30:1110-1. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Gaillard D, Clavel C, Bessaci-Kabouya K, Abély M. Les formes atténuées de la mucoviscidose : génétique - suivi prolongé nécessaire. Arch Pediatr 2009; 16:387-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Obesity constitutes a major public health problem for the twenty-first century, with its epidemic spread worldwide, particularly in children. The overconsumption of fatty foods greatly contributes to this phenomenon. Rodents and humans display a spontaneous preference for lipid-rich foods. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this pattern of eating behaviour in mammals remain unclear. The orosensory perception of dietary lipids was long thought to involve only textural and olfactory cues. Recent findings challenge this limited viewpoint, strongly suggesting that the sense of taste also plays a significant role in dietary lipid perception and might therefore be involved in the preference for fatty foods and obesity. This minireview analyses recent data relating to the molecular mechanisms and physiological consequences of this means of orosensory lipid perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Passilly-Degrace
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, UMR INSERM U 866, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à lAlimentation, Université de Bourgogne 1, Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
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29
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Abstract
Obesity is recognized as a worldwide health problem. Overconsumption of fatty foods contributes significantly to this phenomenon. Rodents, like humans, display preferences for lipid-rich foods. Rodents thus provide useful models to explore the mechanisms responsible for this complex feeding behavior resulting from the integration of multiple oral and postoral signals. Over the last decades, the lipid-mediated regulation of food intake has received considerable attention. By contrast, orosensory lipid perception was long thought to involve only textural and olfactory cues. Recent findings have challenged this limited viewpoint. These recent data strongly suggest that the sense of taste also plays significant roles in the spontaneous preference for fatty foods. This paper provides a brief overview of postoral regulation of food intake by lipids and then highlights recent data suggesting the existence of a "fatty taste" which might contribute to lipid overeating and hence to the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, UMR INSERM U866, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation (ENSBANA), Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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30
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Akhtar Khan N, Gaillard D, El-Yassimi A, Passilly-Degrace P, Hichami A, Besnard P. Mécanismes de la perception gustative des lipides alimentaires. Med Sci (Paris) 2008; 24:692-3. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20082489692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Gaillard D, Laugerette F, Darcel N, El-Yassimi A, Passilly-Degrace P, Hichami A, Khan NA, Montmayeur JP, Besnard P. The gustatory pathway is involved in CD36-mediated orosensory perception of long-chain fatty acids in the mouse. FASEB J 2007. [PMID: 18162488 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07‐8415com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The sense of taste informs the body about the quality of ingested foods. Tastant-mediated signals are generated by a rise in free intracellular calcium levels ([Ca(2+)]i) in the taste bud cells and then are transferred to the gustatory area of brain via connections between the gustatory nerves (chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves) and the nucleus of solitary tract in the brain stem. We have recently shown that lingual CD36 contributes to fat preference and early digestive secretions in the mouse. We show here that 1) the induction of an increase in [Ca(2+)]i by linoleic acid is CD36-dependent in taste receptor cells, 2) the spontaneous preference for or conversely conditioned aversion to linoleic acid requires intact gustatory nerves, and 3) the activation of gustatory neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract elicited by a linoleic acid deposition on the tongue in wild-type mice cannot be reproduced in CD36-null animals. We conclude that the CD36-mediated perception of long-chain fatty acids involves the gustatory pathway, suggesting that the mouse may have a "taste" for fatty foods. This system would constitute a potential physiological advantage under conditions of food scarcity by leading the mouse to select and absorb fatty foods. However, it might also lead to a risk of obesity and associated diseases in a context of constantly abundant food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, UMR INSERM U866, ENSBANA-Université de Bourgogne, 1, Esplanade Erasme F-21000, Dijon, France
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32
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Gaillard D, Laugerette F, Darcel N, El‐Yassimi A, Passilly‐Degrace P, Hichami A, Khan NA, Montmayeur J, Besnard P. The gustatory pathway is involved in CD36‐mediated orosensory perception of long‐chain fatty acids in the mouse. FASEB J 2007; 22:1458-68. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-8415com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, UMR INSERM U 866, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'AlimentationUniversité de Bourgogne DijonFrance
| | - Fabienne Laugerette
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, UMR INSERM U 866, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'AlimentationUniversité de Bourgogne DijonFrance
- Chimioréception, Centre Européen des Sciences du Goût, UMR 5170 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/1214 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)/Université de BourgogneDijonFrance
| | - Nicolas Darcel
- Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement AlimentaireInstitut National Agronomique Paris Grignon (INAPG), UMR 914 INRA/INAPGParisFrance
| | - Abdelghani El‐Yassimi
- Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur (UPRES) 4183 Lipides et Signalisation CellulaireUniversité de BourgogneDijonFrance
| | - Patricia Passilly‐Degrace
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, UMR INSERM U 866, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'AlimentationUniversité de Bourgogne DijonFrance
| | - Aziz Hichami
- Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur (UPRES) 4183 Lipides et Signalisation CellulaireUniversité de BourgogneDijonFrance
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur (UPRES) 4183 Lipides et Signalisation CellulaireUniversité de BourgogneDijonFrance
| | - Jean‐Pierre Montmayeur
- Chimioréception, Centre Européen des Sciences du Goût, UMR 5170 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/1214 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)/Université de BourgogneDijonFrance
| | - Philippe Besnard
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, UMR INSERM U 866, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'AlimentationUniversité de Bourgogne DijonFrance
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Abstract
Sense of taste informs the body about the quality of ingested foods. Five sub-modalities allowing the perception of sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami stimuli are classically depicted. However, the inborn attraction of mammals for fatty foods raises the possibility of an additional orosensory modality devoted to fat perception. For a long time, dietary lipids were thought to be detected only by trigeminal (texture perception), retronasal olfactory, and post-ingestive cues. This minireview analyses recent findings showing that gustation also plays a significant role in dietary lipid perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Laugerette
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation (ENSBANA) et Centre Européen des Sciences du Goût (CESG), UMR 5170, CNRS/1214, INRA/Université de Bourgogne, F21000 Dijon, France
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Grynberg M, Graesslin O, Teyssedre J, Quereux C, Gaillard D, Carré-Pigeon F. Prenatal diagnosis in monozygotic twins with Down syndrome who had different phenotypes. Prenat Diagn 2007; 27:552-4. [PMID: 17345584 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of monozygotic (MZ) male twin fetuses with different Down syndrome (DS) phenotypes. Prenatal fetal sonography showed a bichorial biamniotic pregnancy with increased nuchal translucency in twin A and a cervical cystic hygroma and heart defect in twin B. Cytogenetic analysis performed after double amniocentesis showed free and homogeneous trisomy 21 in both twins. Monozygosity was confirmed by molecular analysis. The pregnancy was terminated at 17 weeks of gestation (WG). Postmortem analysis confirmed the phenotypic discordance. To our knowledge, this is the first reported prenatal diagnosis of MZ male twins with different Down syndrome phenotypes but identical karyotypes. We discuss the mechanisms involved in phenotypic discordance of monozygotic twins and particularly the role of environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grynberg
- CHU Reims, Institut mère-enfant Alix de Champagne, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, F-51092 Reims, France
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Bouchet C, Gonzales M, Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Devisme L, Lebizec C, Alanio E, Bazin A, Bessières-Grattagliano B, Bigi N, Blanchet P, Bonneau D, Bonnières M, Carles D, Delahaye S, Fallet-Bianco C, Figarella-Branger D, Gaillard D, Gasser B, Guimiot F, Joubert M, Laurent N, Liprandi A, Loget P, Marcorelles P, Martinovic J, Menez F, Patrier S, Pelluard-Nehmé F, Perez MJ, Rouleau-Dubois C, Triau S, Laquerrière A, Encha-Razavi F, Seta N. Molecular heterogeneity in fetal forms of type II lissencephaly. Hum Mutat 2007; 28:1020-7. [PMID: 17559086 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Type II lissencephaly (type II LIS) is a group of autosomal recessive congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) associated with defects in alpha-DG O-glycosylation, which comprises Walker-Warburg syndrome, Fukuyama cerebral and muscular dystrophy, or muscle-eye-brain disease. The most severe forms of these diseases often have a fetal presentation and lead to a pregnancy termination. We report here the first molecular study on fetal type II LIS in a series of 47 fetuses from 41 unrelated families. Sequencing of the different genes known to be involved in alpha-DG O-glycosylation allowed the molecular diagnosis in 22 families: involvement of POMT1 was demonstrated in 32% of cases, whereas POMGNT1 and POMT2 were incriminated in 15% and in 7% of cases, respectively. We found 30 different mutations in these three genes, 25 were described herein for the first time, 15 in POMT1, and five in POMT2 and POMGNT1. Despite sequencing of FKRP, FCMD, and LARGE, no definitive molecular diagnosis could be made for the other half of our cases. Preliminary results concerning genotype-phenotype correlations show that the choice of the first gene sequenced should depend on the clinical severity of the type II LIS; POMT1 and POMT2 for severest clinical picture and POMGNT1 for milder disease. The other genes, FKRP, FCMD, and LARGE, seem not to be implicated in the fetal form of CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bouchet
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Biochimie Métabolique, Paris, France
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Thomas C, Landrier JF, Gaillard D, Grober J, Monnot MC, Athias A, Besnard P. Cholesterol dependent downregulation of mouse and human apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) gene expression: molecular mechanism and physiological consequences. Gut 2006; 55:1321-31. [PMID: 16484503 PMCID: PMC1860007 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2005.085555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Faecal bile acid elimination greatly contributes to cholesterol homeostasis. Synthesised from cholesterol in the liver, bile acids are actively reclaimed in the ileum by the apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT). Although the expression level of ASBT affects body cholesterol balance, the impact of cholesterol on ASBT gene expression remains unclear. In this study, the effect of cholesterol on ASBT expression and ileal bile acid uptake was explored in vivo and in vitro. METHODS ASBT gene expression was assessed by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and northern or western blotting, or both, in mice subjected to a 2% cholesterol diet for two weeks, in mouse ileal explants, or in human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells cultured in sterol enriched or depleted media. Bile acid uptake was determined by measuring [3H]-taurocholic acid influx into in situ isolated ileal loops from mice or into differentiated Caco-2 cells. Molecular analysis of mouse and human ASBT promoters was undertaken with reporter assays, site directed mutagenesis, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. RESULTS In mice, cholesterol enriched diet triggered a downregulation of ASBT expression (mRNA and protein), a fall in ileal bile acid uptake, and a rise in the faecal excretion of bile acids. This effect was direct as it was reproduced ex vivo using mouse ileal explants and in vitro in differentiated Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS This regulation, which involves an original partnership between SREBP-2 and HNF-1alpha transcription factors, affects ileal bile acid recycling and thus might participate in the maintenance of body cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thomas
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, ENSBANA, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
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Mercier-Juttier H, Novella JL, Carré-Pigeon F, Chaunu MP, Gaillard D, Boyer F. Qualités métrologiques de l'outil de mesure Euroqol sur un échantillon de personnes myopathes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 49:105-12. [PMID: 16488048 DOI: 10.1016/j.annrmp.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse patient-reported outcome measures and to assess acceptability, test-retest reliability and responsiveness of the Euroqol measure (EQ), a conceptual health-related quality-of-life measure (HRQoL), for patients with muscular dystrophy. MATERIALS AND METHOD One hundred and four consecutive outpatients completed the EQ in Reims university hospital between April 2002 and February 2005, and 60 patients were followed over 1 year. The acceptability of the EQ-5D and EQ-EVA measures was assessed by using the completion rate per dimension as an indicator; test-retest reliability was assessed with kappa and Spearman coefficients for qualitative data and the intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) for quantitative data. Over the year, EQ-EVA score responsiveness was calculated according to the standardised response of the mean (SRM). RESULTS Participation rate (96.3%) and EQ-5D completion rates were excellent, between 95.2 and 100%. Test-retest reliability after 15+/-7 days was excellent for the autonomy domain (kappa coefficient=0.81) and moderate for the other dimensions. EQ-EVA score stability was satisfactory (ICC=0.72). Global perceived health (EQ-EVA) was not associated with level of dependency but was associated with pain domain scores. EQ-EVA responsiveness was moderate (effect size=0.6) in the patients with a change in health status over 1 year and in reference to the relevant SF-36 item. CONCLUSION EQ is a well-accepted tool for measuring HRQoL in this group of patients with muscular dystrophy. The prognostic interest of these subjective measures has yet to be demonstrated; however, these measures provide interesting additional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mercier-Juttier
- Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation, hôpital Sébastopol CHU, Reims cedex, France
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Ducarme G, Graesslin O, Alanio E, Bige V, Gaillard D, Gabriel R. [Increased nuchal translucency and cystic hygroma in the first trimester: prenatal diagnosis and neonatal outcome]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 33:750-4. [PMID: 16139544 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2005.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A prospective study of pregnancy outcome in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency above the 95th centile (group NT) or cystic hygroma (group CH) at 10 to 14 weeks of gestation was performed. PATIENTS AND METHODS Maternal and fetal data (nuchal translucency, caryotype, pregnancy outcome) and infant follow-up of 223 fetuses with first trimester nuchal translucency thickness (183 NT and 40 CH) were analysed. RESULTS The measurement of nuchal translucency thickness shows a significant difference between group CH and NT (7.4+/-2.9 mm compared 3.7+/-0.8 mm). Chromosomal abnormalities were present in 55% (22/40) in group CH, with 9 cases/22 (40.9%) of Turner syndrome, compared with 14.2% (26/183) in group NT with trisomy 21 in 15 cases/26 (57.7%) (P<0.05). The rate of unfavourable outcome of pregnancy (spontaneous abortion, elective termination of pregnancy, serious structural anomalies) was 80% (32/40) in group CH compared with 18% (33/183) in group NT (P<0.05). In chromosomally normal pregnancies, the rate of fetus with no visible serious structural anomalies was 44.4% (8/18) in group CH compared with 93% (146/157) in group NT (P<0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our data show ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetal nuchal translucency thickness at the first trimester is actually indispensable. Neonatal outcome and malformation rate in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency or cystic hygroma are different, even with normal karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ducarme
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, institut Mère-Enfant-Alix-de-Champagne, CHU de Reims, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims cedex, France.
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Coraux C, Nawrocki-Raby B, Hinnrasky J, Kileztky J, Gaillard D, Dani C, Puchelle E. 009 Les cellules souches embryonnaires génèrent un épithélium respiratoire différencié. Rev Mal Respir 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(05)92421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Sartelet H, Schleiermacher D, Le-Hesran JY, Graesslin O, Gaillard D, Fe M, Lechki C, Gaye A, Le Bouteiller P, Birembaut P. Less HLA-G expression in Plasmodium falciparum-infected third trimester placentas is associated with more natural killer cells. Placenta 2005; 26:505-11. [PMID: 15950065 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2004.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal immune tolerance of the fetal semi-allogeneic graft is partly the consequence of extravillous trophoblast HLA-G expression and its interaction with natural killer (NK) cells. Plasmodium falciparum malaria is frequently associated with maternal and fetal complications. Local HLA-G expression and the number of NK cells were evaluated immunohistochemically in P. falciparum-infected and uninfected placentas (15 each) collected in a seasonal malaria-hypoendemic area. In control placentas, HLA-G was almost always expressed in extravillous trophoblast whereas, in infected placentas, it was significantly more weakly expressed in extravillous trophoblast but was also detected in intervillous space macrophages. NK cells were evaluated in intervillous and intravillous spaces and in basal plate. NK cells were always more abundant in basal plate than in intervillous and intravillous spaces in infected or control placentas. For each area, more NK cells were seen in infected than control placentas. These data suggest that HLA-G down-regulation and more NK cells in placentas may be among the mechanisms involved in poor birth outcome associated with P. falciparum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sartelet
- Laboratoire Pol Bouin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France.
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Keren B, Hadchouel A, Saba S, Sznajer Y, Bonneau D, Leheup B, Boute O, Gaillard D, Lacombe D, Layet V, Marlin S, Mortier G, Toutain A, Beylot C, Baumann C, Verloes A, Cavé H. PTPN11 mutations in patients with LEOPARD syndrome: a French multicentric experience. J Med Genet 2005; 41:e117. [PMID: 15520399 PMCID: PMC1735627 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.021451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Keren
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48, Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
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Vaislic C, Bical O, Deleuze P, Khoury W, Gaillard D, Ponzio O, Ollivier Y, Robine B, Dupuys C, Sportiche M. [Cardiac surgery without transfusion in 2005]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2005; 98:7-12. [PMID: 15724413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Between January 1991 and October 2003, 200 Jehovah Witnesses adult patients underwent elective cardiac surgery. To asses the impact on continuing progress of blood saving protocols and the increasing operative risk of patients proposed to surgery, we have re-assessed our results in this specific population. METHODOLOGY Files of the first 100 patients operated upon between 1991 and 1998 were reviewed, and compared to the following 100 ones treated between 1998 to today. All patients were scored using the Euroscore model. RESULTS In the latest series, patients are older (68 vs 51) and 13% underwent an iterative procedure, although there was none in the first series. Three deaths occurred after one month at the beginning of our experience, only one in the latest series. Operative risk factors had distinctly deteriorated, with more redux, and ejection fraction lower than 35%. Major progress to maintain morbi-mortality stability were multifactorial: preoperative erythropoietin in order to reach an haemoglobin minimal value of 14 g/dL, Cornell University protocol, mini-ECC, warm blood cardioplegia, ultra-early extubation. CONCLUSION Cardiac surgery without transfusion can be realised with an equivalent risk to that of classical surgery, despite an operative risk aggravation, due to the association of recent conservative techniques.
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Ceccaldi PF, Carré-Pigeon F, Youinou Y, Delépine B, Bryckaert PE, Harika G, Quéreux C, Gaillard D. [Kartagener's syndrome and infertility: observation, diagnosis and treatment]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 33:192-4. [PMID: 15170433 DOI: 10.1016/s0368-2315(04)96439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare etiology of sterility in man (prevalence between 1/6000 and 1/40000). Kartagener's syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by total or partial dysfunction of the ciliary or flagellated cells. This syndrome associates situs inversus, sinusitis, bronchiectasis and occasionally sterility in males. We report a case of immotile cilia syndrome with male infertility and compare the data with four other couples reported in the literature (two couples in Germany, two in the United States). The difficulty is to select an alive sperm cell for ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-F Ceccaldi
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Institut Alix de Champagne, Reims, France.
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Hubeau C, Le Naour R, Abély M, Hinnrasky J, Guenounou M, Gaillard D, Puchelle E. Dysregulation of IL-2 and IL-8 production in circulating T lymphocytes from young cystic fibrosis patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 135:528-34. [PMID: 15008989 PMCID: PMC1808972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are unable to clear persistent airway infections in spite of strong local inflammation, suggesting a dysregulation of immunity in CF. We and others have reported previously that T lymphocytes may play a prominent role in this immune imbalance. In the present work, we compared the reactivity of CD3+ T cells obtained from young CF patients in stable clinical conditions (n = 10, aged 9-16.5 years) to age-matched healthy subjects (n = 6, aged 9-13.5 years). Intracellular levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8 and IL-10 were determined by flow cytometry after whole blood culture. The data identified T lymphocyte subsets producing either low levels (M1) or high levels (M2) of cytokine under steady-state conditions. We found that the production of IFN-gamma and IL-10 by T lymphocytes was similar between young CF patients and healthy subjects. In contrast, after 4 h of activation with PMA and ionomycin, the percentage of T cells producing high levels of IL-2 (M2) was greater in CF patients (P = 0.02). Moreover, T cells from CF patients produced lower levels of IL-8, before and after activation (P = 0.007). We conclude that a systemic immune imbalance is present in young CF patients, even when clinically stable. This disorder is characterized by the capability of circulating T lymphocytes to produce low levels of IL-8 and by the emergence of more numerous T cells producing high levels of IL-2. This imbalance may contribute to immune dysregulation in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hubeau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 514, Institut Fédératif de Recherche (IFR) 53, Reims, France
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Taillandier A, Lia-Baldini AS, Mouchard M, Robin B, Muller F, Simon-Bouy B, Serre JL, Bera-Louville A, Bonduelle M, Eckhardt J, Gaillard D, Myhre AG, Körtge-Jung S, Larget-Piet L, Malou E, Sillence D, Temple IK, Viot G, Mornet E. Twelve novel mutations in the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase gene (ALPL) in patients with various forms of hypophosphatasia. Hum Mutat 2002; 18:83-4. [PMID: 11438998 DOI: 10.1002/humu.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia is a rare inherited disorder characterized by defective bone mineralization and deficiency of serum and tissue liver/bone/kidney tissue alkaline phosphatase (L/B/K ALP) activity. We report here the characterization of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene mutations in a series of 11 families affected by various forms of hypophosphatasia. Nineteen distinct mutations were found, 7 of which were previously reported. Eleven of the 12 new mutations were missense mutations (Y11C, A34V, R54H, R135H, N194D, G203V, E218G, D277Y, F310G, A382S, V406A), the last one (998-1G>T) was a mutation affecting acceptor splice site.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taillandier
- Centre d'Etudes de Biologie Prénatale - SESEP, Université de Versailles, Versailles, France
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Teboul L, Febbraio M, Gaillard D, Amri EZ, Silverstein R, Grimaldi PA. Structural and functional characterization of the mouse fatty acid translocase promoter: activation during adipose differentiation. Biochem J 2001; 360:305-12. [PMID: 11716758 PMCID: PMC1222230 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3600305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) is a cell-surface glycoprotein that functions as a receptor/transporter for long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), and interacts with other protein and lipid ligands. FAT/CD36 is expressed by various cell types, including platelets, monocytes/macrophages and endothelial cells, and tissues with an active LCFA metabolism, such as adipose, small intestine and heart. FAT/CD36 expression is induced during adipose cell differentiation and is transcriptionally up-regulated by LCFAs and thiazolidinediones in pre-adipocytes via a peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-mediated process. We isolated and analysed the murine FAT/CD36 promoter employing C(2)C(12)N cells directed to differentiate to either adipose or muscle. Transient transfection studies revealed that the 309 bp upstream from the start of exon 1 confer adipose specific activity. Sequence analysis of this DNA fragment revealed the presence of two imperfect direct repeat-1 elements. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assay demonstrated that these elements were peroxisome-proliferator-responsive elements (PPREs). Mutagenesis and transfection experiments indicated that both PPREs co-operate to drive strong promoter activity in adipose cells. We conclude that murine FAT/CD36 expression in adipose tissue is dependent upon transcriptional activation via PPARs through binding to two PPREs located at -245 to -233 bp and -120 to -108 bp from the transcription start site.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Teboul
- INSERM U470, Centre de Biochimie, Parc Valrose, UFR Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice, France.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway inflammation and infection are early events in cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogenesis. The existence of an imbalance in the immune cell population of the CF fetal airway before infection remains completely unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether early signs of inflammation are observed in CF airways during human fetal development. METHODS Tracheas and lungs were collected from 21 CF and 16 non-CF fetuses. In tissue sections, the numbers of neutrophils, mast cells, macrophages, and B and T lymphocytes were quantitatively analyzed by means of image cytometry. The presence of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, RANTES, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and NF kappa B and its inhibitor I kappa B-alpha was qualitatively evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS During fetal airway development, epithelial and glandular differentiation, as well as the distribution of inflammatory markers, was similar in CF and non-CF tissues. Significant differences between CF and non-CF fetal airways were observed only in the numbers of mast cells and macrophages. In the CF trachea, the mast cell number increased slowly but continuously, whereas in the non-CF trachea this number rapidly reached a plateau. In the CF lung, the macrophage number increased with time, whereas in the non-CF lung it decreased. CONCLUSION Although no intrinsic inflammation was demonstrated, we observed a distinct appearance of mast cells and macrophages in CF airways in comparison with non-CF airways during fetal development. These 2 cell populations were greater in CF airways at a late stage of fetal development, suggesting their possible involvement in the early onset of inflammation in CF infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hubeau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 514, Institut Fédératif de Recherche (IFR) 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Hubeau C, Lorenzato M, Couetil JP, Hubert D, Dusser D, Puchelle E, Gaillard D. Quantitative analysis of inflammatory cells infiltrating the cystic fibrosis airway mucosa. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 124:69-76. [PMID: 11359444 PMCID: PMC1906034 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation represents a hallmark of the cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. However, the mucosal distribution of immune cells along the CF airways has not been clearly defined, particularly in intermediate bronchi and distal bronchioles. We analysed lung tissues collected at the time of transplantation from homozygous DeltaF508+/+CF patients versus non-CF donors. Using immunohistochemistry, the distribution of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), mast cells, CD3+ T cells, including the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, CD20+ B cells, CD38+ plasma cells and CD68+ macrophages, was analysed at lobar, segmental and distal levels of the bronchial tree. Using image cytometry, the number of cells per mm2 was assessed in the depth of the bronchial wall. In CF airways, alterations mainly consisted in lesions of the surface epithelium. Numerous immune cells were heterogeneously distributed all along the bronchial tree and mainly located in the mucosa, beneath the surface epithelium. Compared to non-CF donors, the lymphoid aggregates formed by B cells were significantly larger all along the CF airways (P = 0.001). The number of T lymphocytes was higher at the CF distal level (P = 0.035), where we observed an intense tissue damage. PMN preferentially accumulated (P = 0.033) in the CF surface epithelium, which overexpressed ICAM-1 but not VCAM-1 and E-selectin. These results highlight the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate in the CF airway mucosa and emphasize a prominent implication of PMN, B and T lymphocytes in the CF disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hubeau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Fédératif de Recherche (IFR) 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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Bical OM, Fromes Y, Paumier D, Gaillard D, Foiret JC, Trivin F. Does warm antegrade intermittent blood cardioplegia really protect the heart during coronary surgery? Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 9:188-93. [PMID: 11250190 DOI: 10.1016/s0967-2109(00)00087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intermittent antegrade blood cardioplegia (IABC) has been standardized as a routine technique for myocardial protection in coronary surgery. However, if the myocardium is known to tolerate short periods of ischemia during hypothermic arrest, it may be less tolerant of warm ischemia, so the optimal cardioplegic temperature of intermittent antegrade blood cardioplegia is still controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of warm intermittent antegrade blood cardioplegia and cold intermittent antegrade blood cardioplegia on myocardial pH and different parameters of the myocardial metabolism. METHODS Thirty patients undergoing first-time isolated coronary surgery were randomly allocated into two groups: group 1 (15 patients) received warm (37 degrees C) intermittent antegrade blood cardioplegia and group 2 (15 patients) received cold (4 degrees C) intermittent antegrade blood cardioplegia. The two randomization groups had similar demographic and angiographic characteristics. Total duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (108+/-17 and 98+/-21 min) and of aortic cross-clamping (70+/-13 and 65+/-15 min) were similar. The cardioplegic solutions were prepared by mixing blood with potassium and infused at a flow rate of 250 ml/min for a concentration of 20 mEq/l during 2 min after each anastomosis or after 15 min of ischemia. Intramyocardial pH was continuously measured during cardioplegic arrest by a miniature glass electrode and values were corrected by temperature. Myocardial metabolism was assessed before aortic clamping (pre-XCL), 1 min after removal of the clamp (XCL off) and 15 min after reperfusion (Rep) by collecting coronary sinus blood samples. All samples were analyzed for lactate, creatine kinase (MB fraction), myoglobin and troponin I. Creatine kinase and troponin I were also daily evaluated in peripheral blood during 6 days post-operatively. RESULTS The clinical outcomes and the haemodynamic parameters between the two groups were identical. In group 1, XCL off and Rep were associated with higher coronary sinus release of lactate (5.5 +/- 1.8 and 2.2 +/- 0.5 mmol/l) than in group 2 (2.0 +/- 0.7 and 1.6 +/- 0.3 mmol/l, P < 0.05). Mean intramyocardial pH was lower in group 1 (7.23 +/- 0.08) than in group 2 (7.65 +/- 0.30, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect of creatine kinase (MB fraction) either after Rep or during the post-operative period. Lower coronary sinus release of myoglobin was detected at Rep in group 1 (170 +/- 53 microg/l) than in group 2 (240 +/- 95 microg/l, P < 0.05). At day 1, a lower release of troponin I was found in group 1 (0.11 +/- 0.07 g/ml) compared to group 2 (0.17 +/- 0.07 ng/ml, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION With regards to similar clinical and haemodynamic results, myocardial protection induced by warm IAEX is associated with more acidic conditions (intramyocardial pH and lactate release) and less myocardial injury (myoglobin and troponin I release) than cold intermittent antegrade blood cardioplegia during coronary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Bical
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Foundation Hôpital Saint Joseph, 185 rue Raymond Losserand, 75674 Paris cedex, France
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Puchelle E, De Bentzmann S, Hubeau C, Jacquot J, Gaillard D. Mechanisms involved in cystic fibrosis airway inflammation. Pediatr Pulmonol 2001; Suppl 23:143-5. [PMID: 11886121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Puchelle
- INSERM Unité 514-CHU Maison Blanche-45, Reims, France.
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