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Kovacevic K, Tu E, Rosen NO, Raposo S, Muise A. Is Spontaneous Sex Ideal? Beliefs and Perceptions of Spontaneous and Planned Sex and Sexual Satisfaction in Romantic Relationships. J Sex Res 2024; 61:246-260. [PMID: 36779790 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2163611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sexual satisfaction is critical for relationship quality and people hold lay beliefs (implicit theories) about what makes for satisfying sex. A common belief in Western culture is that spontaneous sex is most satisfying, but this idea has not yet been studied. In pre-registered analyses of two studies - a cross sectional (N = 303 individuals) and a 21-day daily experience study (N = 121 couples) - we found support for two distinct beliefs (spontaneous sex as satisfying; planned sex as satisfying). Across both studies, people held stronger beliefs that spontaneous sex is satisfying compared to planned sex, but stronger spontaneous sex beliefs were only associated with higher sexual satisfaction in Study 1. In Study 1, when people perceived their most recent sexual experience as planned (versus spontaneous), they felt less sexually satisfied, but this was not the case for those who endorsed stronger planned sex beliefs. In Study 2, endorsing stronger planned sex beliefs was associated with a partner's lower sexual satisfaction at baseline. There were no associations between perceptions of the extent to which sex was spontaneous and sexual satisfaction at baseline or in daily life. Future research could test whether beliefs about spontaneity and planning have value in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Tu
- Department of Psychology, York University
| | - Natalie O Rosen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dalhousie University
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University
| | | | - Amy Muise
- Department of Psychology, York University
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2
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Zanvit P, van Dyk D, Fazenbaker C, McGlinchey K, Luo W, Pezold JM, Meekin J, Chang CY, Carrasco RA, Breen S, Cheung CSF, Endlich-Frazier A, Clark B, Chu NJ, Vantellini A, Martin PL, Hoover CE, Riley K, Sweet SM, Chain D, Kim YJ, Tu E, Harder N, Phipps S, Damschroder M, Gilbreth RN, Cobbold M, Moody G, Bosco EE. Antitumor activity of AZD0754, a dnTGFβRII-armored, STEAP2-targeted CAR-T cell therapy, in prostate cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e169655. [PMID: 37966111 PMCID: PMC10645390 DOI: 10.1172/jci169655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is generally considered an immunologically "cold" tumor type that is insensitive to immunotherapy. Targeting surface antigens on tumors through cellular therapy can induce a potent antitumor immune response to "heat up" the tumor microenvironment. However, many antigens expressed on prostate tumor cells are also found on normal tissues, potentially causing on-target, off-tumor toxicities and a suboptimal therapeutic index. Our studies revealed that six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate-2 (STEAP2) was a prevalent prostate cancer antigen that displayed high, homogeneous cell surface expression across all stages of disease with limited distal normal tissue expression, making it ideal for therapeutic targeting. A multifaceted lead generation approach enabled development of an armored STEAP2 chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapeutic candidate, AZD0754. This CAR-T product was armored with a dominant-negative TGF-β type II receptor, bolstering its activity in the TGF-β-rich immunosuppressive environment of prostate cancer. AZD0754 demonstrated potent and specific cytotoxicity against antigen-expressing cells in vitro despite TGF-β-rich conditions. Further, AZD0754 enforced robust, dose-dependent in vivo efficacy in STEAP2-expressing cancer cell line-derived and patient-derived xenograft mouse models, and exhibited encouraging preclinical safety. Together, these data underscore the therapeutic tractability of STEAP2 in prostate cancer as well as build confidence in the specificity, potency, and tolerability of this potentially first-in-class CAR-T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip L. Martin
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Clare E. Hoover
- Clinical Pathology Patient Safety, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kenesha Riley
- Clinical Pathology Patient Safety, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steve M. Sweet
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - David Chain
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Yeoun Jin Kim
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Tu
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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Paturel C, Anceriz N, Eyles J, Lapointe JM, Denis C, Breso V, Courtois R, Augier S, Brown L, Luheshi N, Watkins A, Cooper Z, Tu E, Vivier E, Fraenkel P. 190P Combination of IPH5201, a blocking antibody targeting the CD39 immunosuppressive pathway, with durvalumab and chemotherapies: Preclinical rationale. Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Imbimbo M, Hollebecque A, Italiano A, McKean M, Macarulla T, Castanon Alvarez E, Carneiro B, Mager R, Barnhart V, Murtomaki E, He Y, Cooper Z, Tu E, Linke A, Fan C, Zhou D, Boyer Chammard A, Paturel C, Fraenkel P, Powderly J. 188P IPH5201 as monotherapy or in combination with durvalumab (D) in advanced solid tumours. Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tu E, Maxwell JA, Kim JJ, Peragine D, Impett EA, Muise A. Is My Attachment Style Showing? Perceptions of a Date’s Attachment Anxiety and Avoidance and Dating Interest During a Speed-Dating Event. Journal of Research in Personality 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Tu E, McGlinchey K, Wang J, Martin P, Ching SL, Floc’h N, Kurasawa J, Starrett JH, Lazdun Y, Wetzel L, Nuttall B, Ng FS, Coffman KT, Smith PD, Politi K, Cooper ZA, Streicher K. Anti-PD-L1 and anti-CD73 combination therapy promotes T cell response to EGFR-mutated NSCLC. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e142843. [PMID: 35132961 PMCID: PMC8855814 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapies has shown durable clinical benefit in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, patients with NSCLC with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations do not respond as well to treatment as patients without an EGFR mutation. We show that EGFR-mutated NSCLC expressed higher levels of CD73 compared with EGFR WT tumors and that CD73 expression was regulated by EGFR signaling. EGFR-mutated cell lines were significantly more resistant to T cell killing compared with WT cell lines through suppression of T cell proliferation and function. In a xenograft mouse model of EGFR-mutated NSCLC, neither anti-PD-L1 nor anti-CD73 antibody alone inhibited tumor growth compared with the isotype control. In contrast, the combination of both antibodies significantly inhibited tumor growth, increased the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, and enhanced IFN-γ and TNF-α production of these T cells. Consistently, there were increases in gene expression that corresponded to inflammation and T cell function in tumors treated with the combination of anti-PD-L1 and anti-CD73. Together, these results further support the combination of anti-CD73 and anti-PD-L1 therapies in treating EGFR-mutated NSCLC, while suggesting that increased T cell activity may play a role in response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly McGlinchey
- Research Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Floc’h
- Oncology R&D, Bioscience, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Kurasawa
- Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Leslie Wetzel
- Research Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul D. Smith
- Oncology R&D, Bioscience, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katerina Politi
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Tu E, Raposo S, Muise A. Leading Better Sex Lives: Is Trait Charisma Associated with Higher Sexual Desire and Satisfaction in Romantic Relationships? Arch Sex Behav 2022; 51:505-519. [PMID: 34535838 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sexuality is a key predictor of relationship satisfaction, but sexual desire and satisfaction can be difficult to maintain over time. Past research has investigated who might be more likely to experience higher (compared to lower) levels of desire and sexual satisfaction in their relationships. Certain aspects of personality, such as extraversion, have been associated with sexual satisfaction and desire, but evidence linking personality to sexual outcomes has generally been mixed, meaning there is a lot left to learn about how personality is associated with sexual well-being. A promising, yet unexplored, trait that could be associated with higher sexual desire and satisfaction is charisma-a combination of influence and affability that has been identified as a desirable trait when people are selecting a romantic or sexual partner. Across two studies-a cross-sectional study of individuals in relationships (N = 413) and a 21-day dyadic daily experience study (N = 121 couples)-people higher in charisma reported being more communal during sex and reported higher sexual desire and satisfaction. Through higher sexual communal strength, people with a charismatic partner also reported higher daily sexual desire and sexual satisfaction. The effects were largely retained above and beyond general communal strength and Big Five personality dimensions, although in Study 1, charisma was no longer associated with sexual desire and satisfaction when controlling for extraversion. The current findings provide initial evidence that charismatic people tend to be responsive to their partner's sexual needs, which is associated with higher desire and sexual satisfaction in romantic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tu
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Stephanie Raposo
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Amy Muise
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
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Tu E. Association and Other Forms of Positive Dependence for Feller Evolution Systems. Theory Probab Appl 2021. [DOI: 10.1137/s0040585x97t99040x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tu E, McGlinchey K, Lazdun Y, Kurasawa J, Wilson S, Wetzel L, Coffman K, Cooper Z, Streicher K. Abstract 911: Anti-PD-L1 and anti-CD73 combination therapy promotes T cell response to EGFR mutant NSCLC. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It has been reported that NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation do not respond to anti-PD-1(L1) therapies as well as patients without the mutation. We have previously shown that EGFR mutant tumors express more CD73 compared to EGFR wildtype tumors and we hypothesized that this may contribute to the resistance to anti-tumor immunity and anti-PD-1(L1) therapies. To understand how CD73 expression in EGFR mutant tumors may confer immunosuppression, we compared EGFR mutant cell lines (PC9, HCC2935) and wildtype cell lines (H1666, H1355) in in vitro T cell killing assays. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of anti-CD73 antibody, either as a monotherapy or in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody, in promoting tumor growth inhibition (TGI) using a xenograft mouse model. In this model, NSG mice were implanted with MART1-expressing PC9 cells and treated with MART1-specific CD8+ T cells together with anti-PD-L1, anti-CD73 or combination.
We showed that CD73 expression is regulated by EGFR signaling in NSCLC, possibly through activation of Protein Kinase C (PKC). EGFR mutant cell lines were significantly more resistant to T cells killing compared to wildtype cell lines in vitro, by suppressing T cell proliferation and function as indicated by Ki-67 and granzyme B expression. In the xenograft mouse model using MART1-expressing PC9 cells, anti-PD-L1 did not promote TGI compared to isotype control, which closely mimicked the limited therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1(L1) antibodies on EGFR mutant NSCLC. Although anti-CD73 alone did not reduce tumor size, mice treated with anti-CD73 and anti-PD-L1 combination therapy had significantly smaller tumors compared to mice treated with isotype control (~38%, p<0.0001), anti-PD-L1 alone (~32%, p<0.0001) or anti-CD73 alone (~32%, p<0.01). The combination therapy increased the number of MART1-specific CD8+ T cells in the tumor compared to isotype control (~280%, p<0.01), anti-PD-L1 alone (~556%, p<0.001) and anti-CD73 alone (~270%, p<0.01). The combination therapy also increased the frequency of CD62L+CD45RO+CCR7+ phenotype in CD8+ T cells in the spleen compared to isotype control (~120%, p<0.001), but not in the tumor, as well as enhancing IFNγ production by tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells compared to isotype control (~224%, p<0.001). Together, these results further support the ongoing clinical trials evaluating combination of anti-CD73 and anti-PD-L1 in treating EGFR mutant NSCLC while suggesting the increased central memory T cells may play a role in response to therapy.
Citation Format: Eric Tu, Kelly McGlinchey, Yelena Lazdun, James Kurasawa, Susan Wilson, Leslie Wetzel, Karen Coffman, Zachary Cooper, Katie Streicher. Anti-PD-L1 and anti-CD73 combination therapy promotes T cell response to EGFR mutant NSCLC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 911.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tu
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD
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10
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Zhang D, Jin W, Wu R, Li J, Park SA, Tu E, Zanvit P, Xu J, Liu O, Cain A, Chen W. High Glucose Intake Exacerbates Autoimmunity through Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Mediated TGF-β Cytokine Activation. Immunity 2019; 51:671-681.e5. [PMID: 31451397 PMCID: PMC9811990 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet has been suggested to be a potential environmental risk factor for the increasing incidence of autoimmune diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that high glucose intake exacerbated autoimmunity in mouse models of colitis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We elucidated that high amounts of glucose specifically promoted T helper-17 (Th17) cell differentiation by activating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) from its latent form through upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in T cells. We further determined that mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) are key for high glucose-induced TGF-β activation and Th17 cell generation. We have thus revealed a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying the adverse effects of high glucose intake in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunfang Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruiqing Wu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sang-A Park
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eric Tu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Zanvit
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Junji Xu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ousheng Liu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander Cain
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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11
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Chen H, Kasagi S, Chia C, Zhang D, Tu E, Wu R, Zanvit P, Goldberg N, Jin W, Chen W. Extracellular Vesicles from Apoptotic Cells Promote TGFβ Production in Macrophages and Suppress Experimental Colitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5875. [PMID: 30971739 PMCID: PMC6458171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The clearance of apoptotic cells is an essential process to maintain homeostasis of immune system, which is regulated by immunoregulatory cytokines such as TGFβ. We show here that Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) were highly released from apoptotic cells, and contributed to macrophage production of TGFβ in vitro and in vivo. We further elucidated mechanistically that phosphatidylserine in EVs was a key triggering-factor, and transcription factor FOXO3 was a critical mediator for apoptotic EV-induced TGFβ in macrophages. Importantly, we found that macrophages pre-exposed to EVs exhibited an anti-inflammatory phenotype. More strikingly, administration of EVs in vivo promotes Tregs differentiation and suppresses Th1 cell response, and ameliorates experimental colitis. Thus, apoptotic-EV-based treatment might be a promising therapeutic approach for human autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shimpei Kasagi
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cheryl Chia
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eric Tu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ruiqing Wu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Zanvit
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nathan Goldberg
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Tu E, Chia CPZ, Chen W, Zhang D, Park SA, Jin W, Wang D, Alegre ML, Zhang YE, Sun L, Chen W. T Cell Receptor-Regulated TGF-β Type I Receptor Expression Determines T Cell Quiescence and Activation. Immunity 2019; 48:745-759.e6. [PMID: 29669252 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear how quiescence is enforced in naive T cells, but activation by foreign antigens and self-antigens is allowed, despite the presence of inhibitory signals. We showed that active transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling was present in naive T cells, and T cell receptor (TCR) engagement reduced TGF-β signaling during T cell activation by downregulating TGF-β type 1 receptor (TβRI) through activation of caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11 (CARD11) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). TGF-β prevented TCR-mediated TβRI downregulation, but this was abrogated by interleukin-6 (IL-6). Mitigation of TCR-mediated TβRI downregulation through overexpression of TβRI in naive and activated T cells rendered T cells less responsive and suppressed autoimmunity. Naive T cells in autoimmune patients exhibited reduced TβRI expression and increased TCR-driven proliferation compared to healthy subjects. Thus, TCR-mediated regulation of TβRI-TGF-β signaling acts as a crucial criterion to determine T cell quiescence and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cheryl P Z Chia
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sang A Park
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ying E Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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13
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Martinello M, Bhagani S, Gane E, Orkin C, Cooke G, Dore GJ, Petoumenos K, Applegate TL, Tu E, Marks P, Pagani N, Grebely J, Nelson M, Matthews GV. Shortened therapy of eight weeks with paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir is highly effective in people with recent HCV genotype 1 infection. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:1180-1188. [PMID: 29660224 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir with or without ribavirin for 12 weeks are approved for treatment of chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. This study assessed the efficacy of shortened duration paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir with or without ribavirin for 8 weeks among people with recent HCV infection. In this open-label single-arm trial conducted in Australia, England and New Zealand, adults with recent HCV (duration of infection <12 months) received paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir (with weight-based ribavirin for genotypes 1a and 1, no subtype) for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was sustained virological response at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12) in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Thirty people (median age 38 years, male 93%) commenced treatment (with ribavirin, 97%), of whom 77% (n = 23) were HIV-positive, 93% (n = 28) had genotype 1a infection and 53% (n = 16) had ever injected drugs. Median maximum ALT in the preceding 12 months was 433 IU/L (IQR 321, 1012). Acute clinical hepatitis with ALT > 10 x ULN was documented in 83% (n = 25); one participant (3%) had jaundice. At baseline, median estimated duration of infection was 30 weeks (range 11, 51), and median HCV RNA was 5.7 log10 IU/mL (range 2.7, 7.3). SVR12 was achieved in 97% (29/30; early discontinuation at week 2, n = 1; per protocol 100%, 29/29). No relapse or reinfection was observed. In conclusion, paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir (with ribavirin) for eight weeks were highly effective among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals with recent HCV infection. These data support the use of this shortened duration direct-acting antiviral regimen in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinello
- Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Bhagani
- Department of Infectious Diseases/HIV Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Gane
- New Zealand Liver Transplant Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C Orkin
- Barts Health, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - G Cooke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
| | - G J Dore
- Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K Petoumenos
- Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - T L Applegate
- Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - E Tu
- Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P Marks
- Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - N Pagani
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Grebely
- Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Nelson
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - G V Matthews
- Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Pett SL, Amin J, Horban A, Andrade-Villanueva J, Losso M, Porteiro N, Madero JS, Belloso W, Tu E, Silk D, Kelleher A, Harrigan R, Clark A, Sugiura W, Wolff M, Gill J, Gatell J, Clarke A, Ruxrungtham K, Prazuck T, Kaiser R, Woolley I, Alberto Arnaiz J, Cooper D, Rockstroh JK, Mallon P, Emery S. Week 96 results of the randomized, multicentre Maraviroc Switch (MARCH) study. HIV Med 2017; 19:65-71. [DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SL Pett
- The Kirby Institute; UNSW Australia; Sydney NSW Australia
- Institutes of Clinical Trials and Methodology; University College London; London UK
- Clinical Research Group; Infection and Population Health; Institute for Global Health; University College London; London UK
| | - J Amin
- The Kirby Institute; UNSW Australia; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - A Horban
- Wojewodzki Szpital Zakazny Centre for AIDS therapy and Diagnosis; Warsaw Poland
| | | | - M Losso
- Hospital General de Agudos J M Ramos Mejia; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Fundación IBIS CICAL; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | | | - JS Madero
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutriciòn Salvador Zubiran; Tlalpan Mexico
| | - W Belloso
- Fundación IBIS CICAL; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - E Tu
- The Kirby Institute; UNSW Australia; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - D Silk
- The Kirby Institute; UNSW Australia; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - A Kelleher
- The Kirby Institute; UNSW Australia; Sydney NSW Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - R Harrigan
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - A Clark
- ViiV Healthcare Ltd; London UK
| | | | - M Wolff
- Fundacion Arriaran; Santiago Chile
| | - J Gill
- Southern Alberta Clinic; Calgary AB Canada
| | - J Gatell
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - A Clarke
- Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust; Brighton UK
| | - K Ruxrungtham
- HIV-NAT; Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center
- Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - T Prazuck
- Orleans Hospital (CHR Orleans La Source); Orleans France
| | - R Kaiser
- Institut für Virologie; Cologne Germany
| | - I Woolley
- Monash Medical Centre and Monash University; Melbourne Vic Australia
| | | | - D Cooper
- The Kirby Institute; UNSW Australia; Sydney NSW Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - JK Rockstroh
- Department of Medicine I; University Hospital Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - P Mallon
- School of Medicine; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - S Emery
- The Kirby Institute; UNSW Australia; Sydney NSW Australia
- Faculty of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
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15
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Tu E. Interactive Exploration on Large Genomic Datasets. EECS Tech Rep Ser 2016; 2016:UCB/EECS-2016-111. [PMID: 29308454 PMCID: PMC5754031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of large genomics datasets has made the the need to explore this data more important. Large sequencing projects like the 1000 Genomes Project [1], which reconstructed the genomes of 2,504 individuals sampled from 26 populations, have produced over 200TB of publically available data. Meanwhile, existing genomic visualization tools have been unable to scale with the growing amount of larger, more complex data. This difficulty is acute when viewing large regions (over 1 megabase, or 1,000,000 bases of DNA), or when concurrently viewing multiple samples of data. While genomic processing pipelines have shifted towards using distributed computing techniques, such as with ADAM [4], genomic visualization tools have not. In this work we present Mango, a scalable genome browser built on top of ADAM that can run both locally and on a cluster. Mango presents a combination of different optimizations that can be combined in a single application to drive novel genomic visualization techniques over terabytes of genomic data. By building visualization on top of a distributed processing pipeline, we can perform visualization queries over large regions that are not possible with current tools, and decrease the time for viewing large data sets. Mango is part of the Big Data Genomics project at University of California-Berkeley [25] and is published under the Apache 2 license. Mango is available at https://github.com/bigdatagenomics/mango.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tu
- Master of Science in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley
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16
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Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are extremely important in maintaining immune tolerance. Manipulation of Treg cells, especially autoantigen-specific Treg cells is a promising approach for treatments of autoimmune disease since Treg cells may provide the advantage of antigen specificity without overall immune suppression. However, the clinical application of Treg cells has long been limited due to low numbers of Treg cells and the difficulty in identifying their antigen specificity. In this review, we summarize studies that demonstrate regression of autoimmune diseases using Treg cells as therapeutics. We also discuss approaches to generate polyclonal and autoantigen-specific Treg cells in vitro and in vivo. We also discuss our recent study that describes a novel approach of generating autoantigen-specific Treg cells in vivo and restoring immune tolerance by two steps apoptosis-antigen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunfang Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB, National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Eric Tu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB, National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shimpei Kasagi
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB, National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Zanvit
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB, National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB, National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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17
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Nakatsukasa H, Zhang D, Maruyama T, Chen H, Cui K, Ishikawa M, Deng L, Zanvit P, Tu E, Jin W, Abbatiello B, Goldberg N, Chen Q, Sun L, Zhao K, Chen W. The DNA-binding inhibitor Id3 regulates IL-9 production in CD4(+) T cells. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:1077-84. [PMID: 26322481 PMCID: PMC5935106 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which signaling via transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) control the differentiation of CD4(+) IL-9-producing helper T cells (TH9 cells) remain incompletely understood. We found here that the DNA-binding inhibitor Id3 regulated TH9 differentiation, as deletion of Id3 increased IL-9 production from CD4(+) T cells. Mechanistically, TGF-β1 and IL-4 downregulated Id3 expression, and this process required the kinase TAK1. A reduction in Id3 expression enhanced binding of the transcription factors E2A and GATA-3 to the Il9 promoter region, which promoted Il9 transcription. Notably, Id3-mediated control of TH9 differentiation regulated anti-tumor immunity in an experimental melanoma-bearing model in vivo and also in human CD4(+) T cells in vitro. Thus, our study reveals a previously unrecognized TAK1-Id3-E2A-GATA-3 pathway that regulates TH9 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nakatsukasa
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hua Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kairong Cui
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa Deng
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Zanvit
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Tu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenwen Jin
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brittany Abbatiello
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan Goldberg
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Keji Zhao
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Abstract
The mucosal immune system defends against a vast array of pathogens, yet it exhibits limited responses to commensal microorganisms under healthy conditions. The oral-pharyngeal cavity, the gateway for both the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, is composed of complex anatomical structures and is constantly challenged by antigens from air and food. The mucosal immune system of the oral-pharyngeal cavity must prevent pathogen entry while maintaining immune homeostasis, which is achieved via a range of mechanisms that are similar or different to those utilized by the gastrointestinal immune system. In this review, we summarize the features of the mucosal immune system, focusing on T cell subsets and their functions. We also discuss our current understanding of the oral-pharyngeal mucosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qing Wu
- 1] Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA [2] State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dun-Fang Zhang
- 1] Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA [2] State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Eric Tu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Qian-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - WanJun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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19
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Abstract
The evolutionally conserved transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) affects multiple cell types in the immune system by either stimulating or inhibiting their differentiation and function. Studies using transgenic mice with ablation of TGFβ or its receptor have revealed the biological significance of TGFβ signaling in the control of T cells. However, it is now clear that TGFβ is more than an immunosuppressive cytokine. Disruption of TGFβ signaling pathway also leads to impaired generation of certain T cell populations. Therefore, in the normal physiological state, TGFβ actively maintains T cell homeostasis and regulates T cell function. However, in the tumor microenvironment, TGFβ creates an immunosuppressive milieu that inhibits antitumor immunity. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the roles of TGFβ in the regulation of T cells and tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tu
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pei Zhi Cheryl Chia
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, OPCB, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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20
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Tu E, Bourges D, Gleeson PA, Ang DKY, van Driel IR. Pathogenic T cells persist after reversal of autoimmune disease by immunosuppression with regulatory T cells. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1286-96. [PMID: 23420509 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune disease can be prevented with immunosuppressive agents; however, the effectiveness of these treatments in advanced stage of disease and the fate of pathogenic T cells following such treatments are not clear. In this study we demonstrate that a single dose of in vitro-induced Treg cells (iTreg cells) resulted in the functional repair and restitution of stomach tissue that had been severely damaged in advanced autoimmune gastritis. iTreg cells caused depletion or inactivation of autoreactive naïve T cells that were antigen inexperienced, however, autoreactive effector/memory T cells persisted in treated mice, resulting in residual cellular infiltrates within the repaired stomach tissue. The persisting autoreactive T cells were able to rapidly cause autoimmune disease if iTreg cells were removed. Similar data were obtained from mice treated continuously with corticosteroid, in that there was substantial restitution of the gastric mucosa; however, effector T cells persisted and rapidly caused pathology following drug removal. Therefore, iTreg cells or corticosteroid can suppress pathogenic autoreactive cells in advanced autoimmune disease, reversing tissue damage and improving tissue function. However, the persistence of pathogenic T cells represents a disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Tu E, Ang DK, Bellingham SA, Hogan TV, Teng MWL, Smyth MJ, Hill AF, van Driel IR. Both IFN-γ and IL-17 are required for the development of severe autoimmune gastritis. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:2574-83. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; The University of Melbourne; Parkville; Victoria; Australia
| | - Desmond K.Y. Ang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; The University of Melbourne; Parkville; Victoria; Australia
| | - Shayne A. Bellingham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; The University of Melbourne; Parkville; Victoria; Australia
| | - Thea V. Hogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; The University of Melbourne; Parkville; Victoria; Australia
| | | | | | - Andrew F. Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; The University of Melbourne; Parkville; Victoria; Australia
| | - Ian R. van Driel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute; The University of Melbourne; Parkville; Victoria; Australia
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22
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Baleriola C, Tu E, Johal H, Gillis J, Ison MG, Law M, Coghlan P, Rawlinson WD. Organ donor screening using parallel nucleic acid testing allows assessment of transmission risk and assay results in real time. Transpl Infect Dis 2012; 14:278-87. [PMID: 22519518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2012.00734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of the donor pool may lead to utilization of donors with risk factors for viral infections. Donor laboratory screening relies on serological and nucleic acid testing (NAT). The increased sensitivity of NAT in low prevalence populations may result in false-positive results (FPR) and may cause unnecessary discard of organs.We developed a screening algorithm to deal, in real time, with potential FPR. Three NAT assays: COBAS AmpliScreen assay (CAS), AmpliPrep Total Nucleic Acid Isolation/CAS, and AmpliPrep/TaqMan assays, were validated and used in parallel for prospective screening of increased-risk donors (IRD), and the probability of FPR was calculated. The lower limit of detection of this algorithm was 9.79, 21.02, and 4.31 IU/mL for human immunodeficiency virus-1, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus, respectively, with an average turn-around-time of 7.67 h from sample receipt to result reporting. The probability that a donor is potentially infectious with two NAT concordant results was >90%. NAT screening of 35 IRD within 18 months resulted in transplantation of 102 additional organs that without screening would either not be used or used with restrictions in Australia. Using a parallel testing algorithm, real-time confirmation of seropositive donors allows use of organs from IRD and safer expansion of the donor pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Baleriola
- Virology, Department of Microbiology, South Eastern Area Laboratory Services (SEALS), Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Evans A, Bagnall R, Tu E, Duflou J, Semsarian C. Post-Mortem Review and Genetic Analysis of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Cases. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Tu E, Ang DKY, Hogan TV, Read S, Chia CPZ, Gleeson PA, van Driel IR. A convenient model of severe, high incidence autoimmune gastritis caused by polyclonal effector T cells and without perturbation of regulatory T cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27153. [PMID: 22096532 PMCID: PMC3212540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune gastritis results from the breakdown of T cell tolerance to the gastric H(+)/K(+) ATPase. The gastric H(+)/K(+) ATPase is responsible for the acidification of gastric juice and consists of an α subunit (H/Kα) and a β subunit (H/Kβ). Here we show that CD4(+) T cells from H/Kα-deficient mice (H/Kα(-/-)) are highly pathogenic and autoimmune gastritis can be induced in sublethally irradiated wildtype mice by adoptive transfer of unfractionated CD4(+) T cells from H/Kα(-/-) mice. All recipient mice consistently developed the most severe form of autoimmune gastritis 8 weeks after the transfer, featuring hypertrophy of the gastric mucosa, complete depletion of the parietal and zymogenic cells, and presence of autoantibodies to H(+)/K(+) ATPase in the serum. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the disease significantly affected stomach weight and stomach pH of recipient mice. Depletion of parietal cells in this disease model required the presence of both H/Kα and H/Kβ since transfer of H/Kα(-/-) CD4(+) T cells did not result in depletion of parietal cells in H/Kα(-/-) or H/Kβ(-/-) recipient mice. The consistency of disease severity, the use of polyclonal T cells and a specific T cell response to the gastric autoantigen make this an ideal disease model for the study of many aspects of organ-specific autoimmunity including prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Desmond K. Y. Ang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thea V. Hogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Read
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheryl P. Z. Chia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A. Gleeson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian R. van Driel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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25
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Tu E, Waterhouse L, Duflou J, Bagnall R, Semsarian C. Genetic Analysis of Hyperpolarisation-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation (HCN) Channels in Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) Cases. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Tu E, Duflou J, Lynch M, Twigg S, Semsarian C. Genetic Studies of “Dead in Bed Syndrome” in Young Australians with Type 1 Diabetes. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Tsoutsman T, Kelly M, Tu E, Lam L, Seidman C, Seidman J, Semsarian C. Severe cardiac phenotype in a double-mutant model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC). J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.03.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
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29
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Radtkey R, Feng L, Muralhidar M, Duhon M, Canter D, DiPierro D, Fallon S, Tu E, McElfresh K, Nerenberg M, Sosnowski R. Rapid, high fidelity analysis of simple sequence repeats on an electronically active DNA microchip. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:E17. [PMID: 10710434 PMCID: PMC102800 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.7.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a method for the discrimination of short tandem repeat (STR) alleles based on active microarray hybridization. An essential factor in this method is electronic hybridization of the target DNA, at high stringency, in <5 min. High stringency is critical to avoid slippage of hybrids along repeat tracts at allele-specific test sites in the array. These conditions are attainable only with hybridization kinetics realized by electronic concentration of DNA. A sandwich hybrid is assembled, in which proper base stacking of juxtaposed terminal nucleotides results in a thermodynamically favored complex. The increased stability of this complex relative to non-stacked termini and/or base pair mismatches is used to determine the identification of STR alleles. This method is capable of simultaneous and precise identification of alleles containing different numbers of repeats, as well as mutations within these repeats. Given the throughput capabilities of microarrays our system has the potential to enhance the use of microsatellites in forensic criminology, diagnostics and genetic mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Radtkey
- Nanogen Inc., 10398 Pacific Center Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Abstract
Microelectronic DNA chip devices that contain planar arrays of microelectrodes have been developed for multiplex DNA hybridization and a variety of genomic research and DNA diagnostic applications. These devices are able to produce almost any desired electric field configuration on their surface. This ability to produce well-defined electric fields allows charged molecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, nanobeads, and even micron scale semiconductor devices) to be electrophoretically transported to or from any microlocation on the planar surface of the device. Of key importance to the device function is the permeation layer which overcoats the microelectrodes. The permeation layer is generally a porous hydrogel material that allows water molecules and small ions (Na+, CI-, etc.) to freely contact the microelectrode surface, but impedes the transport of the larger analytes (oligonucleotides, DNA, RNA, proteins, etc.). The permeation layer prevents the destruction of DNA at the active microelectrode surface, ameliorates the adverse effects of electrolysis products on the sensitive hybridization reactions, and serves as a porous support structure for attaching DNA probes and other molecules to the array. In order to maintain rapid transport of DNA molecules, facilitate hybridization, and work within constrained current and voltage ranges, low conductance buffers and various electronic pulsing scenarios have also been developed. These active microelectronic array devices allow electrophoretic fields to be used to carry out accelerated DNA hybridization reactions and to improve selectivity for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), short tandem repeat (STR), and point mutation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Heller
- Nanogen Inc., Pacific Center Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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31
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Edman CF, Raymond DE, Wu DJ, Tu E, Sosnowski RG, Butler WF, Nerenberg M, Heller MJ. Electric field directed nucleic acid hybridization on microchips. Nucleic Acids Res 1997; 25:4907-14. [PMID: 9396795 PMCID: PMC147163 DOI: 10.1093/nar/25.24.4907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Selection and adjustment of proper physical parameters enables rapid DNA transport, site selective concentration, and accelerated hybridization reactions to be carried out on active microelectronic arrays. These physical parameters include DC current, voltage, solution conductivity and buffer species. Generally, at any given current and voltage level, the transport or mobility of DNA is inversely proportional to electrolyte or buffer conductivity. However, only a subset of buffer species produce both rapid transport, site specific concentration and accelerated hybridization. These buffers include zwitterionic and low conductivity species such as: d- and l-histidine; 1- and 3-methylhistidines; carnosine; imidazole; pyridine; and collidine. In contrast, buffers such as glycine, beta-alanine and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) produce rapid transport and site selective concentration but do not facilitate hybridization. Our results suggest that the ability of these buffers (histidine, etc.) to facilitate hybridization appears linked to their ability to provide electric field concentration of DNA; to buffer acidic conditions present at the anode; and in this process acquire a net positive charge which then shields or diminishes repulsion between the DNA strands, thus promoting hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Edman
- Nanogen, 10398 Pacific Center Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Sosnowski RG, Tu E, Butler WF, O'Connell JP, Heller MJ. Rapid determination of single base mismatch mutations in DNA hybrids by direct electric field control. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:1119-23. [PMID: 9037016 PMCID: PMC19754 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.4.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that controlled electric fields can be used to regulate transport, concentration, hybridization, and denaturation of single- and double-stranded oligonucleotides. Discrimination among oligonucleotide hybrids with widely varying binding strengths may be attained by simple adjustment of the electric field strength. When this approach is used, electric field denaturation control allows single base pair mismatch discrimination to be carried out rapidly (<15 sec) and with high resolution. Electric field denaturation takes place at temperatures well below the melting point of the hybrids, and it may constitute a novel mechanism of DNA denaturation.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors present a four-state increment-decrement life table model from which estimates of the risk and duration of nursing home and short-term hospital stays in the United States are derived. METHODS Survival analysis was used to generate various transition probabilities while controlling for population heterogeneity. In addition, a newly developed algorithm was applied to construct the multistate life table specifically for health-care use. RESULTS The results reveal that in 1985, a US civilian is expected to spend 72.35 years in the community, 59.5 days in short-stay hospitals, and 2.28 years in nursing homes throughout his or her lifetime. CONCLUSIONS The single-year risk of nursing home and short-stay hospital use is shown to be an increasing function of age, especially for the older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liang
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-2007, USA
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McDonald TJ, Tu E, Brenner S, Zabel P, Behme M, Panchal C, Hramiak I, Barnett WB, Miller D, Dupré J. Canine, human, and rat plasma insulin responses to galanin administration: species response differences. Am J Physiol 1994; 266:E612-7. [PMID: 7513957 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.4.e612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that porcine galanin is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion in many species but fails to alter human insulin secretion. To resolve whether this discrepancy was due to the use of a heterologous peptide or to a true species response difference, we studied the effect of a synthetic replicate of human galanin on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in rats, dogs, and humans. On administration into rats, human and rat galanin significantly inhibited glucose-induced insulin responses to a similar degree. Similarly, porcine and human galanin significantly elevated canine plasma glucose and inhibited canine plasma insulin responses. In contrast, plasma glucose and insulin responses to glucose administration in humans were unaltered by the addition of human galanin at or above the maximum effective dose employed in dogs. Possible effects of galanin administration were seen on human glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide responses to glucose at the highest dose of human galanin infused. We conclude that galanin probably does not play a major role in modulating human beta-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J McDonald
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario and Vetrogen, London, Canada
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