1
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Mancini M, Cappello A, Pecorari R, Lena AM, Montanaro M, Fania L, Ricci F, Di Lella G, Piro MC, Abeni D, Dellambra E, Mauriello A, Melino G, Candi E. Involvement of transcribed lncRNA uc.291 and SWI/SNF complex in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:14. [PMID: 35201472 PMCID: PMC8777507 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common tumours in humans, only the sub-type cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), might become metastatic with high lethality. We have recently identified a regulatory pathway involving the lncRNA transcript uc.291 in controlling the expression of epidermal differentiation complex genes via the interaction with ACTL6A, a component of the chromatin remodelling complex SWI/SNF. Since transcribed ultra-conserved regions (T-UCRs) are expressed in normal tissues and are deregulated in tumorigenesis, here we hypothesize a potential role for dysregulation of this axis in cSCC, accounting for the de-differentiation process observed in aggressive poorly differentiated cutaneous carcinomas. We therefore analysed their expression patterns in human tumour biopsies at mRNA and protein levels. The results suggest that by altering chromatin accessibility of the epidermal differentiation complex genes, down-regulation of uc.291 and BRG1 expression contribute to the de-differentiation process seen in keratinocyte malignancy. This provides future direction for the identification of clinical biomarkers in cutaneous SCC. Analysis of publicly available data sets indicates that the above may also be a general feature for SCCs of different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mancini
- Istituto Dermopatico Dell’Immacolata-IRCCS, via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - A. Cappello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - R. Pecorari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - A. M. Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Montanaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - L. Fania
- Istituto Dermopatico Dell’Immacolata-IRCCS, via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Ricci
- Istituto Dermopatico Dell’Immacolata-IRCCS, via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - G. Di Lella
- Istituto Dermopatico Dell’Immacolata-IRCCS, via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - M. C. Piro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - D. Abeni
- Istituto Dermopatico Dell’Immacolata-IRCCS, via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - E. Dellambra
- Istituto Dermopatico Dell’Immacolata-IRCCS, via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - A. Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - G. Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - E. Candi
- Istituto Dermopatico Dell’Immacolata-IRCCS, via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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2
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Abstract
Over 20 years after identification of p53 and its crucial function in cancer progression, two members of the same protein family were identified, namely p63 and p73. Since then, a body of information has been accumulated on each of these genes and their interrelations. Biological role of p73 has been elucidated thanks to four distinct knockout mice models: (i) with deletion of the entire TP73 gene, (ii) with deletion of exons encoding the full length TAp73 isoforms, (iii) with deletions of exons encoding the shorter DNp73 isoform, and (iv) with deletion of exons encoding C-terminal of the alpha isoform. This work, as well as expression studies in cancer and overwhelming body of molecular studies, allowed establishing major role of TP73 both in cancer and in neuro-development, as well as ciliogenesis, and metabolism. Here, we recapitulate the major milestones of this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
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3
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Terrinoni A, Palombo R, Pitolli C, Caporali S, De Berardinis R, Ciccarone S, Lanzillotta A, Mauramati S, Porta G, Minieri M, Melino G, Bernardini S, Bruno E. Role of the TAp63 Isoform in Recurrent Nasal Polyps. Folia Biol (Praha) 2019; 65:170-180. [PMID: 31903890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic molecular mechanisms underlying the insurgence of nasal polyps has not been completely defined. In some patients, these lesions can have a recurrence after surgery removal, and the difference between recurrent and not recurrent patients is still unclear. To molecularly characterize and distinguish between these two classes, a cohort of patients affected by nasal polyposis was analysed. In all patients we analysed the p63 isoform expression using fresh tissues taken after surgery. Moreover, confocal immunofluorescence analysis of fixed sections was performed. The results show high ΔNp63 expression in samples from the nasal polyps of patients compared to the normal epithelia. Analysis of the expression level of the TAp63 isoform shows differential expression between the patients with recurrence compared to those not recurring. The data, considered as the ΔN/TAp63 ratio, really discriminate the two groups. In fact, even though ΔNp63 is expressed in non-recurrent patients, the resulting ratio ΔN/TAp63 is significantly lower in these patients. This clearly indicates that the status of TAp63 expression, represented by the ΔN/TAp63 ratio, could be considered a prognostic marker of low recurrence probability. In these samples we also investigated the expression of OTX2 transcription factor, known to be a selective activator of TAp63, detecting a significant correlation. Database analysis of HNSCC patients showed increased survival for the patients presenting OTX2 amplification and/or overexpression. These results, together with the fact that TAp63 can be selectively upregulated by HDAC inhibitors, open the possibility to consider local treatment of recurrent nasal polyps with these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Terrinoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R Palombo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - C Pitolli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - S Caporali
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R De Berardinis
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - S Ciccarone
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lanzillotta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - S Mauramati
- University of Pavia, Italy and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico "San Matteo", Pavia, Italy
| | - G Porta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - M Minieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - S Bernardini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - E Bruno
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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4
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Melino G. Carmine Melino and the Institute of Hygiene. Ann Ig 2017; 29:371-379. [PMID: 28715044 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2017.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Throughout his 94 years of life, Carmine Melino brilliantly pursued different professional paths, his life being a constant stimulus for students, colleagues, friends and the family. Following the early formative years of study, here, we briefly list his scientific achievements in Occupational Medicine and Hygiene as well as his broad literary interests. Carmine was an inspiration to his generation not only because of his professional achievements, but also for his warm personality, exemplary hard-playing life and unbounded enthusiasm. A polymath, post-enlightenment ethos flowed to all his friends and colleagues, creating an ambience where intellectual excellence was highly appreciated and avidly pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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5
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Tesauro M, Mauriello A, Rovella V, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Cardillo C, Melino G, Di Daniele N. Arterial ageing: from endothelial dysfunction to vascular calcification. J Intern Med 2017; 281:471-482. [PMID: 28345303 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Complex structural and functional changes occur in the arterial system with advancing age. The aged artery is characterized by changes in microRNA expression patterns, autophagy, smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, and arterial calcification with progressively increased mechanical vessel rigidity and stiffness. With age the vascular smooth muscle cells modify their phenotype from contractile to 'synthetic' determining the development of intimal thickening as early as the second decade of life as an adaptive response to forces acting on the arterial wall. The increased permeability observed in intimal thickening could represent the substrate on which low-level atherosclerotic stimuli can promote the development of advanced atherosclerotic lesions. In elderly patients the atherosclerotic plaques tend to be larger with increased vascular stenosis. In these plaques there is a progressive accumulation of both lipids and collagen and a decrease of inflammation. Similarly the plaques from elderly patients show more calcification as compared with those from younger patients. The coronary artery calcium score is a well-established marker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The presence of diffuse calcification in a severely stenotic segment probably induces changes in mechanical properties and shear stress of the arterial wall favouring the rupture of a vulnerable lesion in a less stenotic adjacent segment. Oxidative stress and inflammation appear to be the two primary pathological mechanisms of ageing-related endothelial dysfunction even in the absence of clinical disease. Arterial ageing is no longer considered an inexorable process. Only a better understanding of the link between ageing and vascular dysfunction can lead to significant advances in both preventative and therapeutic treatments with the aim that in the future vascular ageing may be halted or even reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - A Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - V Rovella
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | | | - C Cardillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - N Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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6
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Raschellà G, Melino G, Malewicz M. New factors in mammalian DNA repair-the chromatin connection. Oncogene 2017; 36:4673-4681. [PMID: 28394347 PMCID: PMC5562846 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In response to DNA damage mammalian cells activate a complex network of stress response pathways collectively termed DNA damage response (DDR). DDR involves a temporary arrest of the cell cycle to allow for the repair of the damage. DDR also attenuates gene expression by silencing global transcription and translation. Main function of DDR is, however, to prevent the fixation of debilitating changes to DNA by activation of various DNA repair pathways. Proper execution of DDR requires careful coordination between these interdependent cellular responses. Deregulation of some aspects of DDR orchestration is potentially pathological and could lead to various undesired outcomes such as DNA translocations, cellular transformation or acute cell death. It is thus critical to understand the regulation of DDR in cells especially in the light of a strong linkage between the DDR impairment and the occurrence of common human diseases such as cancer. In this review we focus on recent advances in understanding of mammalian DNA repair regulation and a on the function of PAXX/c9orf142 and ZNF281 proteins that recently had been discovered to play a role in that process. We focus on regulation of double-strand DNA break (DSB) repair via the non-homologous end joining pathway, as unrepaired DSBs are the primary cause of pathological cellular states after DNA damage. Interestingly these new factors operate at the level of chromatin, which reinforces a notion of a central role of chromatin structure in the regulation of cellular DDR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Raschellà
- ENEA Research Center Casaccia, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, Rome, Italy
| | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine &Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester, UK
| | - M Malewicz
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester, UK
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7
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Palombo R, Savini I, Avigliano L, Madonna S, Cavani A, Albanesi C, Mauriello A, Melino G, Terrinoni A. Luteolin-7-glucoside inhibits IL-22/STAT3 pathway, reducing proliferation, acanthosis, and inflammation in keratinocytes and in mouse psoriatic model. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2344. [PMID: 27537526 PMCID: PMC5108310 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is a dynamic tissue in which keratinocytes proliferate in the basal layer and undergo a tightly controlled differentiation while moving into the suprabasal layers. The balance between keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and death is essential, and its perturbation can result in pathological changes. Some common skin diseases, such as psoriasis, are characterized by hyperproliferation accompanied by inflammatory reactions, suggesting that molecules with topical anti-inflammatory and ROS scavenging abilities may be useful for their treatment. Here we investigate the potential of the flavone Luteolin-7-glucoside (LUT-7G) as a treatment for psoriasis. We show that LUT-7G leads to a modification of the cell cycle and the induction of keratinocyte differentiation, with modification of energy, fatty acid, and redox metabolism. LUT-7G treatment also neutralizes the proliferative stimulus induced by the proinflammatory cytokines IL-22 and IL-6 in HEKn. Moreover, in the Imiquimod (IMQ) mouse model of psoriasis, topical administration of LUT-7G leads to a marked reduction of acanthosis and re-expression of epidermal differentiation markers. Dissection of the IL-22 signalling pathway, activated by IMQ treatment, demonstrates that LUT-7G impairs the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated (activated) STAT3, blocking the IL-22 signalling cascade. Thus LUT-7G appears to be a promising compound for the treatment of hyperproliferative and inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Palombo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - I Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - L Avigliano
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - S Madonna
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS-FLMM, Via dei Monti di Creta, 104, Rome 00167, Italy
| | - A Cavani
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS-FLMM, Via dei Monti di Creta, 104, Rome 00167, Italy
| | - C Albanesi
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS-FLMM, Via dei Monti di Creta, 104, Rome 00167, Italy
| | - A Mauriello
- Department Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, Rome 00133, Italy
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - A Terrinoni
- Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS-FLMM, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier, 1, Rome 00133, Italy
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8
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Daks AA, Petukhov AV, Shuvalov OY, Vasil’eva EA, Melino G, Barlev NA, Fedorova OA. Tumor suppressor p63 regulates Pirh2 ubiquitin ligase expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x16030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Pieraccioli M, Nicolai S, Antonov A, Somers J, Malewicz M, Melino G, Raschellà G. ZNF281 contributes to the DNA damage response by controlling the expression of XRCC2 and XRCC4. Oncogene 2016; 35:2592-601. [PMID: 26300006 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ZNF281 is a zinc-finger factor involved in the control of cellular stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we report that ZNF281 expression increased after genotoxic stress caused by DNA-damaging drugs. Comet assays demonstrated that DNA repair was delayed in cells silenced for the expression of ZNF281 and treated with etoposide. Furthermore, the expression of 10 DNA damage response genes was downregulated in cells treated with etoposide and silenced for ZNF281. In line with this finding, XRCC2 and XRCC4, two genes that take part in homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining, respectively, were transcriptionally activated by ZNF281 through a DNA-binding-dependent mechanism, as demonstrated by luciferase assays and Chromatin crosslinking ImmunoPrecipitation experiments. c-Myc, which also binds to the promoters of XRCC2 and XRCC4, was unable to promote their transcription or to modify ZNF281 activity. Of interest, bioinformatic analysis of 1971 breast cancer patients disclosed a significant correlation between the expression of ZNF281 and that of XRCC2. In summary, our data highlight, for the first time, the involvement of ZNF281 in the cellular response to genotoxic stress through the control exercised on the expression of genes that act in different repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pieraccioli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - S Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - A Antonov
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - J Somers
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - M Malewicz
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - G Raschellà
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
- Radiation Biology and Human Health Unit, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA) Research Center Casaccia, Rome, Italy
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10
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Novelli F, Lena AM, Panatta E, Nasser W, Shalom-Feuerstein R, Candi E, Melino G. Allele-specific silencing of EEC p63 mutant R304W restores p63 transcriptional activity. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2227. [PMID: 27195674 PMCID: PMC4917656 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
EEC (ectrodactily-ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip/palate) syndrome is a rare genetic disease, autosomal dominant inherited. It is part of the ectodermal dysplasia disorders caused by heterozygous mutations in TP63 gene. EEC patients present limb malformations, orofacial clefting, skin and skin's appendages defects, ocular abnormalities. The transcription factor p63, encoded by TP63, is a master gene for the commitment of ectodermal-derived tissues, being expressed in the apical ectodermal ridge is critical for vertebrate limb formation and, at a later stage, for skin and skin's appendages development. The ΔNp63α isoform is predominantly expressed in epithelial cells and it is indispensable for preserving the self-renewal capacity of adult stem cells and to engage specific epithelial differentiation programs. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) offers a potential therapy approach for EEC patients by selectively silencing the mutant allele. Here, using a systemic screening based on a dual-luciferase reported gene assay, we have successfully identified specific siRNAs for repressing the EEC-causing p63 mutant, R304W. Upon siRNA treatment, we were able to restore ΔNp63-WT allele transcriptional function in induced pluripotent stem cells that were derived from EEC patient biopsy. This study demonstrates that siRNAs approach is promising and, may pave the way for curing/delaying major symptoms, such as cornea degeneration and skin erosions in young EEC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Novelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - A M Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - E Panatta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - W Nasser
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - R Shalom-Feuerstein
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - E Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Hodgkin Building, Leicester, UK
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11
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Agostini M, Romeo F, Inoue S, Niklison-Chirou MV, Elia AJ, Dinsdale D, Morone N, Knight RA, Mak TW, Melino G. Metabolic reprogramming during neuronal differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1502-14. [PMID: 27058317 PMCID: PMC5072427 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly generated neurons pass through a series of well-defined developmental stages, which allow them to integrate into existing neuronal circuits. After exit from the cell cycle, postmitotic neurons undergo neuronal migration, axonal elongation, axon pruning, dendrite morphogenesis and synaptic maturation and plasticity. Lack of a global metabolic analysis during early cortical neuronal development led us to explore the role of cellular metabolism and mitochondrial biology during ex vivo differentiation of primary cortical neurons. Unexpectedly, we observed a huge increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. Changes in mitochondrial mass, morphology and function were correlated with the upregulation of the master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, TFAM and PGC-1α. Concomitant with mitochondrial biogenesis, we observed an increase in glucose metabolism during neuronal differentiation, which was linked to an increase in glucose uptake and enhanced GLUT3 mRNA expression and platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFKp) protein expression. In addition, glutamate-glutamine metabolism was also increased during the differentiation of cortical neurons. We identified PI3K-Akt-mTOR signalling as a critical regulator role of energy metabolism in neurons. Selective pharmacological inhibition of these metabolic pathways indicate existence of metabolic checkpoint that need to be satisfied in order to allow neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agostini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - F Romeo
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - S Inoue
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - M V Niklison-Chirou
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - A J Elia
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - D Dinsdale
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - N Morone
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - R A Knight
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - T W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - G Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy.,Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCC, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
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12
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Amelio I, Tsvetkov PO, Knight RA, Lisitsa A, Melino G, Antonov AV. SynTarget: an online tool to test the synergetic effect of genes on survival outcome in cancer. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:912. [PMID: 26915292 PMCID: PMC4832110 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester, UK
| | - P O Tsvetkov
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR S 911, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, RAMS, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - R A Knight
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester, UK
| | - A Lisitsa
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.,Institute of Cytology, Saint-Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - A V Antonov
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester, UK.,Institute of Cytology, Saint-Petersburg 194064, Russia
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13
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Velletri T, Xie N, Wang Y, Huang Y, Yang Q, Chen X, Chen Q, Shou P, Gan Y, Cao G, Melino G, Shi Y. P53 functional abnormality in mesenchymal stem cells promotes osteosarcoma development. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2015. [PMID: 26775693 PMCID: PMC4816167 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that p53 has a critical role in the differentiation and functionality of various multipotent progenitor cells. P53 mutations can lead to genome instability and subsequent functional alterations and aberrant transformation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The significance of p53 in safeguarding our body from developing osteosarcoma (OS) is well recognized. During bone remodeling, p53 has a key role in negatively regulating key factors orchestrating the early stages of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Interestingly, changes in the p53 status can compromise bone homeostasis and affect the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to provide a unique opportunity to study the p53 function in MSCs and OS. In the context of loss of function of p53, we provide a model for two sources of OS: MSCs as progenitor cells of osteoblasts and bone tumor microenvironment components. Standing at the bone remodeling point of view, in this review we will first explain the determinant function of p53 in OS development. We will then summarize the role of p53 in monitoring MSC fidelity and in regulating MSC differentiation programs during osteogenesis. Finally, we will discuss the importance of loss of p53 function in tissue microenvironment. We expect that the information provided herein could lead to better understanding and treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Velletri
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - N Xie
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCC, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Torvergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Q Yang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - X Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Q Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - P Shou
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Y Gan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - G Cao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - G Melino
- Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCC, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Torvergata, Rome 00133, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Y Shi
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Soochow Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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14
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Abstract
p53 family members, p63 and p73, play a role in controlling early stage of myogenic differentiation. We demonstrated that TAp63gamma, unlike the other p53 family members, is markedly up-regulated during myogenic differentiation in murine C2C7 cell line. We also found that myotubes formation was inhibited upon TAp63gamma knock-down, as also indicated by atrophyic myotubes and reduction of myoblasts fusion index. Analysis of TAp63gamma-dependend transcripts identified several target genes involved in skeletal muscle contractility energy metabolism, myogenesis and skeletal muscle autocrine signaling. These results indicate that TAp63gamma is a late marker of myogenic differentiation and, by controlling different sub-sets of target genes, it possibly contributes to muscle growth, remodeling, functional differentiation and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cefalù
- a Istututo Dermopatico dell'Immacolata ; IDI-IRCCS ; Rome , Italy
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15
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Nicolai S, Pieraccioli M, Peschiaroli A, Melino G, Raschellà G. Neuroblastoma: oncogenic mechanisms and therapeutic exploitation of necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e2010. [PMID: 26633716 PMCID: PMC4720889 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial childhood tumor classified in five stages (1, 2, 3, 4 and 4S), two of which (3 and 4) identify chemotherapy-resistant, highly aggressive disease. High-risk NB frequently displays MYCN amplification, mutations in ALK and ATRX, and genomic rearrangements in TERT genes. These NB subtypes are also characterized by reduced susceptibility to programmed cell death induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. The latter feature is a major cause of failure in the treatment of advanced NB patients. Thus, proper reactivation of apoptosis or of other types of programmed cell death pathways in response to treatment is relevant for the clinical management of aggressive forms of NB. In this short review, we will discuss the most relevant genomic rearrangements that define high-risk NB and the role that destabilization of p53 and p73 can have in NB aggressiveness. In addition, we will propose a strategy to stabilize p53 and p73 by using specific inhibitors of their ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Finally, we will introduce necroptosis as an alternative strategy to kill NB cells and increase tumor immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - M Pieraccioli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - A Peschiaroli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), CNR, Via E. Ramarini 32, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Lancaster Road, PO Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - G Raschellà
- ENEA Research Center Casaccia, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, Via Anguillarese, 301, Rome 00123, Italy
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16
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Novikova DS, Garabadzhiu AV, Melino G, Barlev NA, Tribulovich VG. AMP-activated protein kinase: structure, function, and role in pathological processes. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2015; 80:127-44. [PMID: 25756529 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has emerged as a key regulator of energy balance at cellular and whole-body levels. Due to the involvement in multiple signaling pathways, AMPK efficiently controls ATP-consuming/ATP-generating processes to maintain energy homeostasis under stress conditions. Loss of the kinase activity or attenuation of its expression leads to a variety of metabolic disorders and increases cancer risk. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the structure of AMPK, its activation mechanisms, as well as the consequences of its targets in regulation of metabolism. Particular attention is given to low-molecular-weight compounds that activate or inhibit AMPK; the perspective of therapeutic use of such modulators in treatment of several common diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Novikova
- Saint Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University), St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia.
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17
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Abstract
Differentiation of preadipocytes to lipid storing adipocytes involves extracellular signaling pathways, matrix remodeling and cytoskeletal changes. A number of factors have been implicated in maintaining the preadipocyte state and preventing their differentiation to adipocytes. We have previously reported that a multifunctional and protein crosslinking enzyme, transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is present in white adipose tissue. In this study, we have investigated TG2 function during adipocyte differentiation. We show that TG2 deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (Tgm2-/- MEFs) display increased and accelerated lipid accumulation due to increased expression of major adipogenic transcription factors, PPARγ and C/EBPα. Examination of Pref-1/Dlk1, an early negative regulator of adipogenesis, showed that the Pref-1/Dlk1 protein was completely absent in Tgm2-/- MEFs during early differentiation. Similarly, Tgm2-/- MEFs displayed defective canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling with reduced β-catenin nuclear translocation. TG2 deficiency also resulted in reduced ROCK kinase activity, actin stress fiber formation and increased Akt phosphorylation in MEFs, but did not alter fibronectin matrix levels or solubility. TG2 protein levels were unaltered during adipogenic differentiation, and was found predominantly in the extracellular compartment of MEFs and mouse WAT. Addition of exogenous TG2 to Tgm2+/+ and Tgm2-/- MEFs significantly inhibited lipid accumulation, reduced expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, promoted the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, and recovered Pref-1/Dlk1 protein levels. Our study identifies TG2 as a novel negative regulator of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Myneni
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Melino
- Department Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M T Kaartinen
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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18
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Giacobbe A, Compagnone M, Bongiorno-Borbone L, Antonov A, Markert EK, Zhou JH, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Peschiaroli A. p63 controls cell migration and invasion by transcriptional regulation of MTSS1. Oncogene 2015; 35:1602-8. [PMID: 26119942 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep cell-biological process, which is orchestrated by many factors, including metastasis activators and suppressors. Metastasis Suppressor 1 (MTSS1) was originally identified as a metastasis suppressor protein whose expression is lost in metastatic bladder and prostate carcinomas. However, recent findings indicate that MTSS1 acts as oncogene and pro-migratory factor in melanoma tumors. Here, we identify and characterized a molecular mechanism controlling MTSS1 expression, which impinges on a pro-tumorigenic role of MTSS1 in breast tumors. We found that in normal and in cancer cell lines ΔNp63 is able to drive the expression of MTSS1 by binding to a p63-binding responsive element localized in the MTSS1 locus. We reported that ΔNp63 is able to drive the migration of breast tumor cells by inducing the expression of MTSS1. Notably, in three human breast tumors data sets the MTSS1/p63 co-expression is a negative prognostic factor on patient survival, suggesting that the MTSS1/p63 axis might be functionally important to regulate breast tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giacobbe
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - M Compagnone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - L Bongiorno-Borbone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - A Antonov
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - E K Markert
- The Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - J H Zhou
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli
- Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCCS c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - A Peschiaroli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), CNR, Rome, Italy
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19
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Latina A, Viticchiè G, Lena AM, Piro MC, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Candi E. ΔNp63 targets cytoglobin to inhibit oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes and lung cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:1493-503. [PMID: 26096935 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During physiological aerobic metabolism, the epidermis undergoes significant oxidative stress as a result of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To maintain a balanced oxidative state, cells have developed protective antioxidant systems, and preliminary studies suggest that the transcriptional factor p63 is involved in cellular oxidative defence. Supporting this hypothesis, the ΔNp63α isoform of p63 is expressed at high levels in the proliferative basal layer of the epidermis. Here we identify the CYGB gene as a novel transcriptional target of ΔNp63 that is involved in maintaining epidermal oxidative defence. The CYGB gene encodes cytoglobin, a member of the globin protein family, which facilitates the diffusion of oxygen through tissues and acts as a scavenger for nitric oxide or other ROS. By performing promoter activity assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation, reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR and western blotting analyses, we confirm the direct regulation of CYGB by ΔNp63α. We also demonstrate that CYGB has a protective role in proliferating keratinocytes grown under normal conditions, as well as in cells treated with exogenous hydrogen peroxide. These results indicate that ΔNp63, through its target CYGB has an important role in the cellular antioxidant system and protects keratinocytes from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. The ΔNp63-CYGB axis is also present in lung and breast cancer cell lines, indicating that CYGB-mediated ROS-scavenging activity may also have a role in epithelial tumours. In human lung cancer data sets, the p63-CYGB interaction significantly predicts reduction of patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Latina
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - G Viticchiè
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - A M Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - M C Piro
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | | | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - E Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, Rome, Italy
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20
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Palombo R, Giannella E, Didona B, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Terrinoni A. Cutaneous mosaicism, in KRT1 pI479T patient, caused by the somatic loss of the wild-type allele, leads to the increase in local severity of the disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:847-51. [PMID: 25904304 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermolytic ichthyosis (BCIE, OMIM 113800), is an autosomal dominant disorder of the skin caused by mutations in keratin genes KRT1 and KRT10. We present two sporadic patients showing a mild diffuse ichthyosis with palmoplantar keratoderma. Interestingly, one of them shows a significant hyperkeratosis of palms and soles similar to those present in the Meleda disease (OMIM 248300). OBJECTIVE In this paper we would clarify the genetic difference between the two patients, giving rise to the different phenotype. METHODS Clinical evaluation, followed by histological and molecular analysis has been established for these patients. RESULTS We demonstrated the presence of a genetic cutaneous mosaicism. Both patients carry the KRT1 pI479T substitution, but in the palmoplantar areas of one of them, only the mutated allele is expressed (hemizygous). This leads to highlight a new type of cutaneous mosaic, the palmoplantar mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Palombo
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - E Giannella
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - B Didona
- 1st Dermatological Division, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - G Melino
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - A Terrinoni
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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21
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Stöhr R, Mavilio M, Marino A, Casagrande V, Kappel B, Möllmann J, Menghini R, Melino G, Federici M. ITCH modulates SIRT6 and SREBP2 to influence lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis in ApoE null mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9023. [PMID: 25777360 DOI: 10.1038/srep09023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages into a lipid-laden plaque. ITCH is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been shown to polarize macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. We therefore investigated the effect of ITCH deficiency on the development of atherosclerosis. ApoE-/-ITCH-/- mice fed a western diet for 12 weeks showed increased circulating M2 macrophages together with a reduction in plaque formation. Bone marrow transplantation recreated the haemopoietic phenotype of increased circulating M2 macrophages but failed to affect plaque development. Intriguingly, the loss of ITCH lead to a reduction in circulating cholesterol levels through interference with nuclear SREBP2 clearance. This resulted in increased LDL reuptake through upregulation of LDL receptor expression. Furthermore, ApoE-/-ITCH-/- mice exhibit reduced hepatic steatosis, increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity and an increased reliance on fatty acids as energy source. We found that ITCH ubiquitinates SIRT6, leading to its breakdown, and thus promoting hepatic lipid infiltration through reduced fatty acid oxidation. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ITCH modulates lipid metabolism impacting on atherosclerosis progression independently from effects on myeloid cells polarization through control of SIRT6 and SREBP2 ubiquitination. Thus, modulation of ITCH may provide a target for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stöhr
- Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome "Tor Vergata"
| | - M Mavilio
- Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome "Tor Vergata"
| | - A Marino
- Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome "Tor Vergata"
| | - V Casagrande
- Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome "Tor Vergata"
| | - B Kappel
- Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome "Tor Vergata"
| | - J Möllmann
- Medizinische Klinik I, University Hospital Aachen
| | - R Menghini
- Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome "Tor Vergata"
| | - G Melino
- 1] Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery University of Rome "Tor Vergata" [2] Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN UK
| | - M Federici
- 1] Department of Systems Medicine University of Rome "Tor Vergata" [2] Center for Atherosclerosis, University Hospital "Policlinico Tor Vergata", Rome
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22
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Daks AA, Petukhov AV, Shuvalov OY, Vasilieva EA, Melino G, Barlev NA, Fedorova OA. [TUMOR SUPPRESSOR p63 REGULATES EXPRESSION OF UBIQUITIN LIGASE Pirh2]. Tsitologiia 2015; 57:876-879. [PMID: 26995965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor p63 is a member of the p53 protein family. Due to the high degree of structural similarity p53, p63, and p73 are known to have overlapping functions relating to cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and tumor transformation. Furthermore, p63 plays crucial role in epidermal tissue development and differentiation. Pirh2 (product of RCHY1 gene) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase modifying all three members of the p53 family resulting in their subsequent proteasomal degradation. Our results demonstrate that p63, similar to p53, is able to regulate expression levels of Pirh2. Importantly, Pirh2 expression is activated only by transcriptionally active isoform of p63--TAp63, but not the N-terminally truncated ΔNp63.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- J Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Melino
- Department of Surgery & Experimental Medicine, University Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; MRC Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
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24
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Galluzzi L, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Vitale I, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Andrews D, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Baehrecke EH, Bazan NG, Bertrand MJ, Bianchi K, Blagosklonny MV, Blomgren K, Borner C, Bredesen DE, Brenner C, Campanella M, Candi E, Cecconi F, Chan FK, Chandel NS, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Laurenzi V, De Maria R, Debatin KM, Di Daniele N, Dixit VM, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Fimia GM, Flavell RA, Fulda S, Garrido C, Gougeon ML, Green DR, Gronemeyer H, Hajnoczky G, Hardwick JM, Hengartner MO, Ichijo H, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Kaufmann T, Kepp O, Klionsky DJ, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lemasters JJ, Levine B, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Lugli E, Madeo F, Malorni W, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Medema JP, Meier P, Melino S, Mizushima N, Moll U, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Nuñez G, Oberst A, Panaretakis T, Penninger JM, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Pinton P, Prehn JH, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Ravichandran KS, Rizzuto R, Rodrigues CM, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Shi Y, Simon HU, Stockwell BR, Szabadkai G, Tait SW, Tang HL, Tavernarakis N, Tsujimoto Y, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P, Villunger A, Wagner EF, Walczak H, White E, Wood WG, Yuan J, Zakeri Z, Zhivotovsky B, Melino G, Kroemer G. Essential versus accessory aspects of cell death: recommendations of the NCCD 2015. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:58-73. [PMID: 25236395 PMCID: PMC4262782 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 664] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells exposed to extreme physicochemical or mechanical stimuli die in an uncontrollable manner, as a result of their immediate structural breakdown. Such an unavoidable variant of cellular demise is generally referred to as ‘accidental cell death' (ACD). In most settings, however, cell death is initiated by a genetically encoded apparatus, correlating with the fact that its course can be altered by pharmacologic or genetic interventions. ‘Regulated cell death' (RCD) can occur as part of physiologic programs or can be activated once adaptive responses to perturbations of the extracellular or intracellular microenvironment fail. The biochemical phenomena that accompany RCD may be harnessed to classify it into a few subtypes, which often (but not always) exhibit stereotyped morphologic features. Nonetheless, efficiently inhibiting the processes that are commonly thought to cause RCD, such as the activation of executioner caspases in the course of apoptosis, does not exert true cytoprotective effects in the mammalian system, but simply alters the kinetics of cellular demise as it shifts its morphologic and biochemical correlates. Conversely, bona fide cytoprotection can be achieved by inhibiting the transduction of lethal signals in the early phases of the process, when adaptive responses are still operational. Thus, the mechanisms that truly execute RCD may be less understood, less inhibitable and perhaps more homogeneous than previously thought. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death formulates a set of recommendations to help scientists and researchers to discriminate between essential and accessory aspects of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Galluzzi
- 1] Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J M Bravo-San Pedro
- 1] Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U1138, Gustave Roussy, Paris, France
| | - I Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - S A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Adam
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - E S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Altucci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - D Andrews
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata - Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - E H Baehrecke
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - N G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M J Bertrand
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Bianchi
- 1] Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, London, UK [2] Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - M V Blagosklonny
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - K Blomgren
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D E Bredesen
- 1] Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA [2] Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Brenner
- 1] INSERM, UMRS769, Châtenay Malabry, France [2] LabEx LERMIT, Châtenay Malabry, France [3] Université Paris Sud/Paris XI, Orsay, France
| | - M Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - E Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - F Cecconi
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Neuroembryology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy [2] Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome, Italy [3] Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F K Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - N S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
| | - J E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Cidlowski
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institute of Health (NIH), North Carolina, NC, USA
| | - A Ciechanover
- Tumor and Vascular Biology Research Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - T M Dawson
- 1] Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (ICE), Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - V L Dawson
- 1] Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (ICE), Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - V De Laurenzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - R De Maria
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - K-M Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - N Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - V M Dixit
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Institute, Smilow Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - W S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - G M Fimia
- 1] Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy [2] Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - R A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Garrido
- 1] INSERM, U866, Dijon, France [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - M-L Gougeon
- Antiviral Immunity, Biotherapy and Vaccine Unit, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - D R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - H Gronemeyer
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - G Hajnoczky
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J M Hardwick
- W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M O Hengartner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B Joseph
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P J Jost
- Medical Department for Hematology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - O Kepp
- 1] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [2] INSERM, U1138, Gustave Roussy, Paris, France [3] Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - D J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R A Knight
- 1] Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK [2] Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - S Kumar
- 1] Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia [2] School of Medicine and School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J J Lemasters
- Departments of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - B Levine
- 1] Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - A Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - S A Lipton
- 1] The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA [2] Sanford-Burnham Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, La Jolla, CA, USA [3] Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA [4] University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - R A Lockshin
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - C López-Otín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medecine, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - E Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - F Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - W Malorni
- 1] Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Roma, Italy [2] San Raffaele Institute, Sulmona, Italy
| | - J-C Marine
- 1] Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium [2] Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S J Martin
- Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J-C Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory for Experiments Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Meier
- Institute of Cancer Research, The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - S Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - N Mizushima
- Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - U Moll
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - C Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Nuñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T Panaretakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - M E Peter
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Piacentini
- 1] Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome, Italy [2] Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - P Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J H Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K S Ravichandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R Rizzuto
- Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - C M Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg; Würzburg, Germany
| | - Y Shi
- Soochow Institute for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - H-U Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B R Stockwell
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD, USA [2] Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Szabadkai
- 1] Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy [2] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - S W Tait
- 1] Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK [2] Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - H L Tang
- W Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Tavernarakis
- 1] Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece [2] Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Y Tsujimoto
- Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Vanden Berghe
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Vandenabeele
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium [3] Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E F Wagner
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - H Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - E White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - W G Wood
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA [2] Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Zakeri
- 1] Department of Biology, Queens College, Queens, NY, USA [2] Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), Queens, NY, USA
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- 1] Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Melino
- 1] Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy [2] Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - G Kroemer
- 1] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [2] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U1138, Gustave Roussy, Paris, France [4] Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France [5] Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Candi E, Amelio I, Agostini M, Melino G. MicroRNAs and p63 in epithelial stemness. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:12-21. [PMID: 25168241 PMCID: PMC4262770 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that suppress the expression of protein-coding genes by repressing protein translation. Although the roles that miRs and the miR processing machinery have in regulating epithelial stem cell biology are not fully understood, their fundamental contributions to these processes have been demonstrated over the last few years. The p53-family member p63 is an essential transcription factor for epidermal morphogenesis and homeostasis. p63 functions as a determinant for keratinocyte cell fate and helps to regulate the balance between stemness, differentiation and senescence. An important factor that regulates p63 function is the reciprocal interaction between p63 and miRs. Some miRs control p63 expression, and p63 regulates the miR expression profile in the epidermis. p63 controls miR expression at different levels. It directly regulates the transcription of several miRs and indirectly regulates their processing by regulating the expression of the miR processing components Dicer and DGCR8. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings on the miR–p63 interaction in epidermal biology, particularly focusing on the ΔNp63-dependent regulation of DGCR8 recently described in the ΔNp63−/− mouse. We provide a unified view of the current knowledge and discuss the apparent discrepancies and perspective therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Candi
- 1] Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome 00133, Italy [2] Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - I Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - M Agostini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - G Melino
- 1] Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome 00133, Italy [2] Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy [3] Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
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Tan EH, Morton JP, Timpson P, Tucci P, Melino G, Flores ER, Sansom OJ, Vousden KH, Muller PAJ. Functions of TAp63 and p53 in restraining the development of metastatic cancer. Oncogene 2014; 33:3325-33. [PMID: 23873029 PMCID: PMC4181588 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many tumours harbour mutations in the p53 tumour-suppressor gene that result in the expression of a mutant p53 protein. This mutant p53 protein has, in most cases, lost wild-type transcriptional activity and can also acquire novel functions in promoting invasion and metastasis. One of the mechanisms underlying these novel functions involves the ability of the mutant p53 to interfere with other transcription factors, including the p53 family protein TAp63. To investigate whether simultaneous depletion of both p53 and TAp63 can recapitulate the effect of mutant p53 expression in vivo, we used a mouse model of pancreatic cancer in which the expression of mutant p53 resulted in the rapid appearance of primary tumours and metastases. As shown previously, loss of one allele of wild-type (WT) p53 accelerated tumour development. A change of one WT p53 allele into mutant p53 did not further accelerate tumour development, but did promote the formation of metastasis. By contrast, loss of TAp63 did not significantly accelerate tumour development or metastasis. However, simultaneous depletion of p53 and TAp63 led to both rapid tumour development and metastatic potential, although the incidence of metastases remained lower than that seen in mutant p53-expressing tumours. TAp63/p53-null cells derived from these mice also showed an enhanced ability to scatter and invade in tissue culture as was observed in mutant p53 cells. These data suggest that depletion of TAp63 in a p53-null tumour can promote metastasis and recapitulate-to some extent-the consequences of mutant p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- EH Tan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - JP Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - P Timpson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Program, Sydney, Australia
| | - P Tucci
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - G Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico and University of Rome, “Tor Vergata,” Rome, Italy
| | - ER Flores
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - OJ Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - KH Vousden
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - PAJ Muller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
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Amelio I, Melino G. CRISPR: a new method for genetic engineering - a prokaryotic immune component may potentially open a new era of gene silencing. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:3-5. [PMID: 24698968 PMCID: PMC4262784 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Lancaster Road, PO Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - G Melino
- 1] Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Lancaster Road, PO Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK [2] Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy [3] Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
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Amelio I, Gostev M, Knight RA, Willis AE, Melino G, Antonov AV. DRUGSURV: a resource for repositioning of approved and experimental drugs in oncology based on patient survival information. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1051. [PMID: 24503543 PMCID: PMC3944280 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of existing drugs for new therapeutic applications, commonly referred to as drug repositioning, is a way for fast and cost-efficient drug discovery. Drug repositioning in oncology is commonly initiated by in vitro experimental evidence that a drug exhibits anticancer cytotoxicity. Any independent verification that the observed effects in vitro may be valid in a clinical setting, and that the drug could potentially affect patient survival in vivo is of paramount importance. Despite considerable recent efforts in computational drug repositioning, none of the studies have considered patient survival information in modelling the potential of existing/new drugs in the management of cancer. Therefore, we have developed DRUGSURV; this is the first computational tool to estimate the potential effects of a drug using patient survival information derived from clinical cancer expression data sets. DRUGSURV provides statistical evidence that a drug can affect survival outcome in particular clinical conditions to justify further investigation of the drug anticancer potential and to guide clinical trial design. DRUGSURV covers both approved drugs (∼1700) as well as experimental drugs (∼5000) and is freely available at http://www.bioprofiling.de/drugsurv.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Amelio
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - M Gostev
- Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, EBI, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - R A Knight
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - A E Willis
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - G Melino
- 1] Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK [2] Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - A V Antonov
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
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Amelio I, Markert EK, Rufini A, Antonov AV, Sayan BS, Tucci P, Agostini M, Mineo TC, Levine AJ, Melino G. p73 regulates serine biosynthesis in cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:5039-46. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Formosa A, Markert EK, Lena AM, Italiano D, Finazzi-Agro' E, Levine AJ, Bernardini S, Garabadgiu AV, Melino G, Candi E. MicroRNAs, miR-154, miR-299-5p, miR-376a, miR-376c, miR-377, miR-381, miR-487b, miR-485-3p, miR-495 and miR-654-3p, mapped to the 14q32.31 locus, regulate proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in metastatic prostate cancer cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:5173-82. [PMID: 24166498 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in a wide variety of human cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). We found a severe and consistent downregulation of miRNAs, miR-154, miR-299-5p, miR-376a, miR-376c, miR-377, miR-381, miR-487b, miR-485-3p, miR-495 and miR-654-3p, mapped to the 14q32.31 region in metastatic cell lines as compared with normal prostatic epithelial cells (PrEC). In specimens of human prostate (28 normals, 99 primary tumors and 13 metastases), lower miRNA levels correlated significantly with a higher incidence of metastatic events and higher prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, with similar trends observed for lymph node invasion and the Gleason score. We transiently transfected 10 members of the 14q32.31 cluster in normal prostatic epithelial cell lines and characterized their affect on malignant cell behaviors, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Finally, we identified FZD4, a gene important for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in (PCa), as a target of miR-377.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Formosa
- 1] University of Tor Vergata, Department Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Rome, Italy [2] IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - E K Markert
- The Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - A M Lena
- University of Tor Vergata, Department Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Rome, Italy
| | - D Italiano
- University of Tor Vergata, Department Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Rome, Italy
| | - E Finazzi-Agro'
- University of Tor Vergata, Department Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Rome, Italy
| | - A J Levine
- The Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - S Bernardini
- University of Tor Vergata, Department Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Rome, Italy
| | - A V Garabadgiu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Saint-Petersburg Technological Institute, 26 Moskovsky Prospect, Petersburg, Russia
| | - G Melino
- 1] University of Tor Vergata, Department Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Rome, Italy [2] IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - E Candi
- University of Tor Vergata, Department Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Rome, Italy
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Wang Z, Perez M, Caja S, Melino G, Johnson TS, Lindfors K, Griffin M. A novel extracellular role for tissue transglutaminase in matrix-bound VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e808. [PMID: 24052076 PMCID: PMC3789176 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance of tissue transglutaminase (TG2) in angiogenesis is unclear and contradictory. Here we show that inhibition of extracellular TG2 protein crosslinking or downregulation of TG2 expression leads to inhibition of angiogenesis in cell culture, the aorta ring assay and in vivo models. In a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) co-culture model, inhibition of extracellular TG2 activity can halt the progression of angiogenesis, even when introduced after tubule formation has commenced and after addition of excess vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In both cases, this leads to a significant reduction in tubule branching. Knockdown of TG2 by short hairpin (shRNA) results in inhibition of HUVEC migration and tubule formation, which can be restored by add back of wt TG2, but not by the transamidation-defective but GTP-binding mutant W241A. TG2 inhibition results in inhibition of fibronectin deposition in HUVEC monocultures with a parallel reduction in matrix-bound VEGFA, leading to a reduction in phosphorylated VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) at Tyr1214 and its downstream effectors Akt and ERK1/2, and importantly its association with β1 integrin. We propose a mechanism for the involvement of matrix-bound VEGFA in angiogenesis that is dependent on extracellular TG2-related activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
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Chimenti MS, Ranalli M, Saraceno R, Teoli M, Perricone R, Candi E, Melino G. FRI0024 Multiplatform metabolomic study of cd4+ cells after methotrexate and infliximab treatment: focus on safety and tolerability profiles. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
p63 is a p53 family transcription factor, which besides unique roles in epithelial development, shares tumor suppressive activity with its homolog p53. The p63 gene has different transcriptional start sites, which generate two N-terminal isoforms (transactivation domain (TA)p63 and amino terminal truncated protein(ΔN)p63); in addition alternative splicing at the 5′-end give rise to at least five C-terminal isoforms. This complexity of gene structure has probably fostered the debate and controversy on p63 function in cancer, with TP63-harboring two distinctive promoters, codifying for the TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms, and having discrete functions. However, ΔNp63 also drives expression of target genes that have a relevant role in cancer and metastasis. In this study, we identified a novel p63 transcriptional target, caspase-1. Caspase-1 is proinflammatory caspase, which functions in tumor suppression. We show that both p63 isoforms promote caspase-1 expression by physical binding to its promoter. Consistent with our in vitro findings, we also identified a direct correlation between p63 and caspase-1 expression in human cancer data sets. In addition, survival estimation analysis demonstrated that functional interaction between p63 and caspase-1 represents a predictor of positive survival outcome in human cancers. Overall, our data report a novel p63 target gene involved in tumor suppression, and the clinical analysis underlines the biological relevance of this finding and suggests a further clinically predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Celardo
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
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36
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Antonov AV, Krestyaninova M, Knight RA, Rodchenkov I, Melino G, Barlev NA. PPISURV: a novel bioinformatics tool for uncovering the hidden role of specific genes in cancer survival outcome. Oncogene 2013; 33:1621-8. [PMID: 23686313 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple clinical studies have correlated gene expression with survival outcome in cancer on a genome-wide scale. However, in many cases, no obvious correlation between expression of well-known tumour-related genes (that is, p53, p73 and p21) and survival rates of patients has been observed. This can be mainly explained by the complex molecular mechanisms involved in cancer, which mask the clinical relevance of a gene with multiple functions if only gene expression status is considered. As we demonstrate here, in many such cases, the expression of the gene interaction partners (gene 'interactome') correlates significantly with cancer survival and is indicative of the role of that gene in cancer. On the basis of this principle, we have implemented a free online datamining tool (http://www.bioprofiling.de/PPISURV). PPISURV automatically correlates expression of an input gene interactome with survival rates on >40 publicly available clinical expression data sets covering various tumours involving about 8000 patients in total. To derive the query gene interactome, PPISURV employs several public databases including protein-protein interactions, regulatory and signalling pathways and protein post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Antonov
- 1] Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Medical Research Council, Leicester University, Leicester, UK [2] Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Technological University, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Krestyaninova
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki; Helsinki, Finland
| | - R A Knight
- Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Medical Research Council, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - I Rodchenkov
- Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G Melino
- 1] Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Medical Research Council, Leicester University, Leicester, UK [2] Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Technological University, St-Petersburg, Russia [3] Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Montpellier 1, Rome, Italy
| | - N A Barlev
- 1] Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Technological University, St-Petersburg, Russia [2] Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK [3] Gene Expression Programme, Institute of Cytology, St-Petersburg, Russia
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37
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Luh LM, Kehrloesser S, Deutsch GB, Gebel J, Coutandin D, Schäfer B, Agostini M, Melino G, Dötsch V. Analysis of the oligomeric state and transactivation potential of TAp73α. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:1008-16. [PMID: 23538419 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteins p73 and p63 are members of the p53 protein family and are involved in important developmental processes. Their high sequence identity with the tumor suppressor p53 has suggested that they act as tumor suppressors as well. While p63 has a crucial role in the maintenance of epithelial stem cells and in the quality control of oocytes without a clear role as a tumor suppressor, p73's tumor suppressor activity is well documented. In a recent study we have shown that the transcriptional activity of TAp63α, the isoform responsible for the quality control in oocytes, is regulated by its oligomeric state. The protein forms an inactive, dimeric and compact conformation in resting oocytes, while the detection of DNA damage leads to the formation of an active, tetrameric and open conformation. p73 shows a high sequence identity to p63, including those domains that are crucial in stabilizing its inactive state, thus suggesting that p73's activity might be regulated by its oligomeric state as well. Here, we have investigated the oligomeric state of TAp73α by size exclusion chromatography and detailed domain interaction mapping, and show that in contrast to p63, TAp73α is a constitutive open tetramer. However, its transactivation potential depends on the cellular background and the promoter context. These results imply that the regulation of p73's transcriptional activity might be more closely related to p53 than to p63.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Luh
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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38
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Harris IS, Blaser H, Moreno J, Treloar AE, Gorrini C, Sasaki M, Mason JM, Knobbe CB, Rufini A, Hallé M, Elia AJ, Wakeham A, Tremblay ML, Melino G, Done S, Mak TW. PTPN12 promotes resistance to oxidative stress and supports tumorigenesis by regulating FOXO signaling. Oncogene 2013; 33:1047-54. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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39
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Rufini A, Tucci P, Celardo I, Melino G. Senescence and aging: the critical roles of p53. Oncogene 2013; 32:5129-43. [PMID: 23416979 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 729] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
p53 functions as a transcription factor involved in cell-cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis and cellular stress responses. However, besides inducing cell growth arrest and apoptosis, p53 activation also modulates cellular senescence and organismal aging. Senescence is an irreversible cell-cycle arrest that has a crucial role both in aging and as a robust physiological antitumor response, which counteracts oncogenic insults. Therefore, via the regulation of senescence, p53 contributes to tumor growth suppression, in a manner strictly dependent by its expression and cellular context. In this review, we focus on the recent advances on the contribution of p53 to cellular senescence and its implication for cancer therapy, and we will discuss p53's impact on animal lifespan. Moreover, we describe p53-mediated regulation of several physiological pathways that could mediate its role in both senescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rufini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
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40
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Formosa A, Lena AM, Markert EK, Cortelli S, Miano R, Mauriello A, Croce N, Vandesompele J, Mestdagh P, Finazzi-Agrò E, Levine AJ, Melino G, Bernardini S, Candi E. DNA methylation silences miR-132 in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2013; 32:127-34. [PMID: 22310291 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Silencing of microRNAs (miRNAs) by promoter CpG island methylation may be an important mechanism in prostate carcinogenesis. To screen for epigenetically silenced miRNAs in prostate cancer (PCa), we treated prostate normal epithelial and carcinoma cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA) and subsequently examined expression changes of 650 miRNAs by megaplex stemloop reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. After applying a selection strategy, we analyzed the methylation status of CpG islands upstream to a subset of miRNAs by methylation-specific PCR. The CpG islands of miR-18b, miR-132, miR-34b/c, miR-148a, miR-450a and miR-542-3p showed methylation patterns congruent with their expression modulations in response to AZA. Methylation analysis of these CpG islands in a panel of 50 human prostate carcinoma specimens and 24 normal controls revealed miR-132 to be methylated in 42% of human cancer cases in a manner positively correlated to total Gleason score and tumor stage. Expression analysis of miR-132 in our tissue panel confirmed its downregulation in methylated tumors. Re-expression of miR-132 in PC3 cells induced cell detachment followed by cell death (anoikis). Two pro-survival proteins-heparin-binding epidermal growth factor and TALIN2-were confirmed as direct targets of miR-132. The results of this study point to miR-132 as a methylation-silenced miRNA with an antimetastatic role in PCa controlling cellular adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Formosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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41
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Viticchiè G, Lena AM, Cianfarani F, Odorisio T, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Candi E. MicroRNA-203 contributes to skin re-epithelialization. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e435. [PMID: 23190607 PMCID: PMC3542609 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocyte proliferation and migration are crucial steps for the rapid closure of the epidermis during wound healing, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this cellular response remain to be completely elucidated. Here, by in situ hybridization we characterize the expression pattern of miR-203 after the induction of wound in mouse epidermis, showing that its expression is downregulated in the highly proliferating keratinocytes of the 'migrating tongue', whereas it is strongly expressed in the differentiating cells of the skin outside the wound. Furthermore, subcutaneous injections of antagomiR-203 in new born mice dorsal skin strengthened, in vivo, the inverse correlation between miR-203 expression and two new target mRNAs: RAN and RAPH1. Our data suggest that miR-203, by controlling the expression of target proteins that are responsible for both keratinocyte proliferation and migration, exerts a specific role in wound re-epithelialization and epidermal homeostasis re-establishment of injured skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Viticchiè
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of ‘Tor Vergata', Via Montpellier, 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - A M Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of ‘Tor Vergata', Via Montpellier, 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - F Cianfarani
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS), Via Monti di Creta, 104, Rome 00166, Italy
| | - T Odorisio
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS), Via Monti di Creta, 104, Rome 00166, Italy
| | - M Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS), Via Monti di Creta, 104, Rome 00166, Italy
| | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of ‘Tor Vergata', Via Montpellier, 1, Rome 00133, Italy
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IDI-IRCCS), Via Monti di Creta, 104, Rome 00166, Italy
| | - E Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of ‘Tor Vergata', Via Montpellier, 1, Rome 00133, Italy
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42
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Terrinoni A, Serra V, Codispoti A, Talamonti E, Bui L, Palombo R, Sette M, Campione E, Didona B, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Zambruno G, Melino G, Candi E. Novel transglutaminase 1 mutations in patients affected by lamellar ichthyosis. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e416. [PMID: 23096117 PMCID: PMC3481139 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lamellar Ichthyosis (LI) is a form of congenital ichthyosis that is caused by mutations in the TGM1 gene that encodes for the transglutaminase 1 (TG1) enzyme. Functional inactivation of TG1 could be due to mutations, deletion or insertions. In this study, we have screened 16 patients affected by LI and found six new mutations: two transition/transversion (R37G, V112A), two nonsense mutations and two putative splice site both leading to a premature stop codon. The mutations are localized in exons 2 (N-terminal domain), 5, 11 (central catalytic domain), and none is located in the two beta-barrel C-terminal domains. In conclusion, this study expands the current knowledge on TGM1 mutation spectrum, increasing the characterization of mutations would provide more accurate prenatal genetic counselling for parents at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Terrinoni
- IDI-IRCCS c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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43
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Malatesta M, Peschiaroli A, Memmi EM, Zhang J, Antonov A, Green DR, Barlev NA, Garabadgiu AV, Zhou P, Melino G, Bernassola F. The Cul4A-DDB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex represses p73 transcriptional activity. Oncogene 2012; 32:4721-6. [PMID: 23085759 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Cullin4A (cul4A)-dependent ligase (CDL4A) E3 has been implicated in a variety of biological processes, including cell cycle progression and DNA damage response. Remarkably, CDL4A exerts its function through both proteolytic and non-proteolytic events. Here, we show that the p53 family member p73 is able to interact with the CDL4A complex through its direct binding to the receptor subunit DNA-binding protein 1 (DDB1). As a result, the CDL4A complex is able to monoubiquitylate p73. Modification of p73 by CDL4A-mediated ubiquitylation does not affect p73 protein stability, but negatively regulates p73-dependent transcriptional activity. Indeed, genetic or RNA interference-mediated depletion of DDB1 induces the expression of several p73 target genes in a p53-independent manner. In addition, by exploiting a bioinformatic approach, we found that elevated expression of Cul4A in human breast carcinomas is associated with repression of p73 target genes. In conclusion, our findings add a novel insight into the regulation of p73 by the CDL4A complex, through the inhibition of its transcriptional function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Malatesta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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44
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Taebunpakul P, Sayan BS, Flinterman M, Klanrit P, Gäken J, Odell EW, Melino G, Tavassoli M. Apoptin induces apoptosis by changing the equilibrium between the stability of TAp73 and ΔNp73 isoforms through ubiquitin ligase PIR2. Apoptosis 2012; 17:762-76. [PMID: 22484480 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Apoptin, a protein derived from the chicken anaemia virus, induces cell death in various cancer cells but shows little or no cytotoxicity in normal cells. The mechanism of apoptin-induced cell death is currently unknown but it appears to induce apoptosis independent of p53 status. Here we show that p73, a p53 family member, is important in apoptin-induced apoptosis. In p53 deficient and/or mutated cells, apoptin induced the expression of TAp73 leading to the induction of apoptosis. Knockdown of p73 using siRNA resulted in a significant reduction in apoptin-induced cytotoxicity. The p53 and p73 pro-apoptotic target PUMA plays an important role in apoptin-induced cell death as knockdown of PUMA significantly reduced cell sensitivity to apoptin. Importantly, apoptin expression resulted in a marked increase in TAp73 protein stability. Investigation into the mechanisms of TAp73 stability showed that apoptin induced the expression of the ring finger domain ubiquitin ligase PIR2 which is involved in the degradation of the anti-apoptotic ∆Np73 isoform. Collectively, our results suggest a novel mechanism of apoptin-induced apoptosis through increased TAp73 stability and induction of PIR2 resulting in the degradation of ∆Np73 and activation of pro-apoptotic targets such as PUMA causing cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Taebunpakul
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, King's College London Dental Institute, Floor 28 Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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45
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Savino R, Demartis A, Ciapponi L, Sporeno E, Toniatti C, Bernassola F, Melino G, Klein B, Ciliberto G. The receptor super-antagonist Sant7. Oncol Rep 2012; 4:485-92. [PMID: 21590082 DOI: 10.3892/or.4.3.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma, acting both as a growth and a survival factor for myeloma cells. IL-6 has been recently shown to possess three topologically distinct receptor binding sites: site 1 for binding to the subunit specific chain IL-6R alpha and sites 2 and 3 for the interaction with two separate subunits of the signalling chain gp130. We have generated a set of IL-6 receptor antagonists carrying substitutions that abolish interaction with gp130 at either site 2 alone (site 2 antagonist) or at both sites 2 and 3 (site 2+3 antagonist). In addition, substitutions were introduced at site 1 that increased affinity for IL-6R alpha. When tested as growth inhibitors on a representative set of IL-6-dependent human myeloma cell lines (XG-1, XG-2, XG-4 and XG-6), although site 2 antagonists were effective on 3 out of 4 of the cell lines, only the site 2+3 antagonist Sant7 showed full antagonism on the entire spectrum of cells tested. Moreover, IL-6 receptor antagonists were also pro-apoptotic factors for myeloma cells. Their capacity to induce cell death was directly related to the impairment of binding to gp130 and to their ability to fully block intracellular signalling. In fact, the most potent inducer of apoptosis was again Sant7, which also counteracted the protective autocrine effect excercised by the endogenously produced IL-6. On the basis of these results we propose the super-antagonist Sant7 as a possible candidate for the immunotherapy of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Savino
- IRBM,I-00040 POMEZIA,ROME,ITALY. IRCCS,IDI,BIOCHEM LAB,ROME,ITALY. UNIV AQUILA,I-67100 LAQUILA,ITALY. CNRS,INST MOL GENET,F-34033 MONTPELLIER 1,FRANCE
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46
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Lena AM, Mancini M, Rivetti di Val Cervo P, Saintigny G, Mahé C, Melino G, Candi E. MicroRNA-191 triggers keratinocytes senescence by SATB1 and CDK6 downregulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:509-14. [PMID: 22683624 PMCID: PMC3400053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.05.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocyte replicative senescence has an important role in time-dependent changes of the epidermis, a tissue with high turnover. Senescence encompasses growth arrest during which cells remain metabolically active but acquire a typical enlarged, vacuolar and flattened morphology. It is also accompanied by the expression of endogenous senescence-associated-β-galactosidase and specific gene expression profiles. MicroRNAs levels have been shown to be modulated during keratinocytes senescence, playing key roles in inhibiting proliferation and in the acquisition of senescent markers. Here, we identify miR-191 as an anti-proliferative and replicative senescence-associated miRNA in primary human keratinocytes. Its overexpression is sufficient per se to induce senescence, as evaluated by induction of several senescence-associated markers. We show that SATB1 and CDK6 3′UTRs are two miR-191 direct targets involved in this pathway. Cdk6 and Satb1 protein levels decrease during keratinocytes replicative senescence and their silencing by siRNA is able to induce a G1 block in cell cycle, accompanied by an increase in senescence-associated markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Lena
- University of Tor Vergata, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
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47
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D'Eletto M, Farrace MG, Rossin F, Strappazzon F, Giacomo GD, Cecconi F, Melino G, Sepe S, Moreno S, Fimia GM, Falasca L, Nardacci R, Piacentini M. Type 2 transglutaminase is involved in the autophagy-dependent clearance of ubiquitinated proteins. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:1228-38. [PMID: 22322858 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are equipped with an efficient quality control system to selectively eliminate misfolded and damaged proteins, and organelles. Abnormal polypeptides that escape from proteasome-dependent degradation and aggregate in the cytosol can be transported via microtubules to inclusion bodies called 'aggresomes', where misfolded proteins are confined and degraded by autophagy. Here, we show that Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) knockout mice display impaired autophagy and accumulate ubiquitinated protein aggregates upon starvation. Furthermore, p62-dependent peroxisome degradation is also impaired in the absence of TG2. We also demonstrate that, under cellular stressful conditions, TG2 physically interacts with p62 and they are localized in cytosolic protein aggregates, which are then recruited into autophagosomes, where TG2 is degraded. Interestingly, the enzyme's crosslinking activity is activated during autophagy and its inhibition leads to the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. Taken together, these data indicate that the TG2 transamidating activity has an important role in the assembly of protein aggregates, as well as in the clearance of damaged organelles by macroautophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Italy
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Knight
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - G Melino
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- IDI-IRCCS, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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49
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Abrams JM, Alnemri ES, Baehrecke EH, Blagosklonny MV, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, El-Deiry WS, Fulda S, Gottlieb E, Green DR, Hengartner MO, Kepp O, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lipton SA, Lu X, Madeo F, Malorni W, Mehlen P, Nuñez G, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Rubinsztein DC, Shi Y, Simon HU, Vandenabeele P, White E, Yuan J, Zhivotovsky B, Melino G, Kroemer G. Molecular definitions of cell death subroutines: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2012. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:107-20. [PMID: 21760595 PMCID: PMC3252826 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1803] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2009, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposed a set of recommendations for the definition of distinct cell death morphologies and for the appropriate use of cell death-related terminology, including 'apoptosis', 'necrosis' and 'mitotic catastrophe'. In view of the substantial progress in the biochemical and genetic exploration of cell death, time has come to switch from morphological to molecular definitions of cell death modalities. Here we propose a functional classification of cell death subroutines that applies to both in vitro and in vivo settings and includes extrinsic apoptosis, caspase-dependent or -independent intrinsic apoptosis, regulated necrosis, autophagic cell death and mitotic catastrophe. Moreover, we discuss the utility of expressions indicating additional cell death modalities. On the basis of the new, revised NCCD classification, cell death subroutines are defined by a series of precise, measurable biochemical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Galluzzi
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud-XI, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - I Vitale
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud-XI, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - J M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - E S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Apoptosis Research, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - E H Baehrecke
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - M V Blagosklonny
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - T M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - V L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - W S El-Deiry
- Cancer Institute Penn State, Hershey Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 17033, USA
| | - S Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt 60528, Germany
| | - E Gottlieb
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - D R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - M O Hengartner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O Kepp
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud-XI, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - R A Knight
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - S Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - S A Lipton
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, , La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Univerisity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - X Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - F Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - W Malorni
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto San Raffaele Sulmona, 67039 Sulmona, Italy
| | - P Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, CRCL, 69008 Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1052, 69008 Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5286, 69008 Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - G Nuñez
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - M E Peter
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - M Piacentini
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘L Spallanzani', 00149 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - D C Rubinsztein
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Y Shi
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - H-U Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Vandenabeele
- Department for Molecular Biology, Gent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - E White
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Melino
- Biochemical Laboratory IDI-IRCCS, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - G Kroemer
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75005 Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75908 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris 5, 75270 Paris, France
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50
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Abstract
p53 mutations, occurring in two-thirds of all human cancers, confer a gain of function phenotype, including the ability to form metastasis, the determining feature in the prognosis of most human cancer. This effect seems mediated at least partially by its ability to physically interact with p63, thus affecting a cell invasion pathway, and accordingly, p63 is deregulated in human cancers. In addition, p63, as an 'epithelial organizer', directly impinges on epidermal mesenchimal transition, stemness, senescence, cell death and cell cycle arrest, all determinant in cancer, and thus p63 affects chemosensitivity and chemoresistance. This demonstrates an important role for p63 in cancer development and its progression, and the aim of this review is to set this new evidence that links p63 to metastasis within the context of the long conserved other functions of p63.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Leicester, UK.
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