1
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Zhao H, Syed AM, Khalid MM, Nguyen A, Ciling A, Wu D, Yau WM, Srinivasan S, Esposito D, Doudna JA, Piszczek G, Ott M, Schuck P. Assembly of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein with nucleic acid. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae256. [PMID: 38587193 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The viral genome of SARS-CoV-2 is packaged by the nucleocapsid (N-)protein into ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), 38 ± 10 of which are contained in each virion. Their architecture has remained unclear due to the pleomorphism of RNPs, the high flexibility of N-protein intrinsically disordered regions, and highly multivalent interactions between viral RNA and N-protein binding sites in both N-terminal (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD). Here we explore critical interaction motifs of RNPs by applying a combination of biophysical techniques to ancestral and mutant proteins binding different nucleic acids in an in vitro assay for RNP formation, and by examining nucleocapsid protein variants in a viral assembly assay. We find that nucleic acid-bound N-protein dimers oligomerize via a recently described protein-protein interface presented by a transient helix in its long disordered linker region between NTD and CTD. The resulting hexameric complexes are stabilized by multivalent protein-nucleic acid interactions that establish crosslinks between dimeric subunits. Assemblies are stabilized by the dimeric CTD of N-protein offering more than one binding site for stem-loop RNA. Our study suggests a model for RNP assembly where N-protein scaffolding at high density on viral RNA is followed by cooperative multimerization through protein-protein interactions in the disordered linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Zhao
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abdullah M Syed
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mir M Khalid
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ai Nguyen
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alison Ciling
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wai-Ming Yau
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sanjana Srinivasan
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dominic Esposito
- Protein Expression Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jennifer A Doudna
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- HHMI, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Peter Schuck
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering Technology Acceleration, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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2
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Nguyen A, Zhao H, Myagmarsuren D, Srinivasan S, Wu D, Chen J, Piszczek G, Schuck P. Modulation of Biophysical Properties of Nucleocapsid Protein in the Mutant Spectrum of SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2024:2023.11.21.568093. [PMID: 38045241 PMCID: PMC10690151 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.568093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic diversity is a hallmark of RNA viruses and the basis for their evolutionary success. Taking advantage of the uniquely large genomic database of SARS-CoV-2, we examine the impact of mutations across the spectrum of viable amino acid sequences on the biophysical phenotypes of the highly expressed and multifunctional nucleocapsid protein. We find variation in the physicochemical parameters of its extended intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) sufficient to allow local plasticity, but also exhibiting functional constraints that similarly occur in related coronaviruses. In biophysical experiments with several N-protein species carrying mutations associated with major variants, we find that point mutations in the IDRs can have nonlocal impact and modulate thermodynamic stability, secondary structure, protein oligomeric state, particle formation, and liquid-liquid phase separation. In the Omicron variant, distant mutations in different IDRs have compensatory effects in shifting a delicate balance of interactions controlling protein assembly properties, and include the creation of a new protein-protein interaction interface in the N-terminal IDR through the defining P13L mutation. A picture emerges where genetic diversity is accompanied by significant variation in biophysical characteristics of functional N-protein species, in particular in the IDRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Nguyen
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Huaying Zhao
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dulguun Myagmarsuren
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sanjana Srinivasan
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiji Chen
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Schuck
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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3
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Zhao H, Syed AM, Khalid MM, Nguyen A, Ciling A, Wu D, Yau WM, Srinivasan S, Esposito D, Doudna JA, Piszczek G, Ott M, Schuck P. Assembly reactions of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein with nucleic acid. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.22.568361. [PMID: 38045338 PMCID: PMC10690241 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The viral genome of SARS-CoV-2 is packaged by the nucleocapsid (N-) protein into ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), 38±10 of which are contained in each virion. Their architecture has remained unclear due to the pleomorphism of RNPs, the high flexibility of N-protein intrinsically disordered regions, and highly multivalent interactions between viral RNA and N-protein binding sites in both N-terminal (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD). Here we explore critical interaction motifs of RNPs by applying a combination of biophysical techniques to mutant proteins binding different nucleic acids in an in vitro assay for RNP formation, and by examining mutant proteins in a viral assembly assay. We find that nucleic acid-bound N-protein dimers oligomerize via a recently described protein-protein interface presented by a transient helix in its long disordered linker region between NTD and CTD. The resulting hexameric complexes are stabilized by multi-valent protein-nucleic acid interactions that establish crosslinks between dimeric subunits. Assemblies are stabilized by the dimeric CTD of N-protein offering more than one binding site for stem-loop RNA. Our study suggests a model for RNP assembly where N-protein scaffolding at high density on viral RNA is followed by cooperative multimerization through protein-protein interactions in the disordered linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Zhao
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Abdullah M. Syed
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | | | - Ai Nguyen
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alison Ciling
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Wai-Ming Yau
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sanjana Srinivasan
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dominic Esposito
- Protein Expression Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jennifer A. Doudna
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- HHMI, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Peter Schuck
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Center for Biomedical Engineering Technology Acceleration, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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4
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Wu D, Zhao X, Jimenez DA, Piszczek G. Size Exclusion Chromatography-Mass Photometry: A New Method for Adeno-Associated Virus Product Characterization. Cells 2023; 12:2264. [PMID: 37759487 PMCID: PMC10528216 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have attained significant prominence in gene therapy and genome editing applications, necessitating the development of robust and precise methodologies to ensure the quality and purity of AAV products. Existing AAV characterization techniques have proven effective for the analysis of pure and homogeneous AAV samples. However, there is still a demand for a rapid and low-sample-consumption method suitable for the characterization of lower purity or heterogeneous AAV samples commonly encountered in AAV products. Addressing this challenge, we propose the SEC-MP method, which combines size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with mass photometry (MP). In this novel approach, SEC effectively separates monomeric AAV particles from impurities, while the UV detector determines the virus particle concentration. MP complements this process by estimating the fraction of fully packaged AAVs in the total population of AAV particles. This combined methodology enables accurate determination of the titer of effective, fully packaged AAVs in samples containing aggregates, incorrectly packaged AAVs with incomplete genomes, protein or DNA fragments, and other impurities. Our experimental results demonstrate that SEC-MP provides valuable guidance for sample quality control and subsequent applications in the field of AAV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (X.Z.); (D.A.J.)
| | - Diego Antonio Jimenez
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (X.Z.); (D.A.J.)
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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5
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Wu D, Xu P, Kelly M, Ryan ET, Kováč P, Piszczek G. Mass photometry: A powerful tool for carbohydrates-proteins conjugation monitoring and glycoconjugates molecular mass determination. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:401-412. [PMID: 37392327 PMCID: PMC10374364 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines are important additions to the existing means for prevention of diseases caused by bacterial and viral pathogens. Conjugating carbohydrates to proteins is a crucial step in the development of these vaccines. Traditional mass spectrometry techniques, such as MALDI-TOF and SELDI-TOF, have difficulties in detecting glycoconjugates with high molecular masses. Mass photometry (MP) is a single-molecule technique that has been recently developed, which allows mass measurements of individual molecules and generates mass distributions based on hundreds to thousands of these measurements. In this study, we evaluated the performance of MP in monitoring carbohydrate-protein conjugation reactions and characterization of conjugates. Three different glycoconjugates were prepared from carrier protein BSA, and one from a large protein complex, a virus capsid with 3.74 MDa molecular mass. The masses measured by MP were consistent with those obtained by SELDI-TOF-MS and SEC-MALS. The conjugation of BSA dimer to carbohydrate antigen was also successfully characterized. This study shows that the MP technique is a promising alternative to methods developed earlier for monitoring glycoconjugation reactions and characterization of glycoconjugates. It measures intact molecules in solution and it is highly accurate over a wide mass range. MP requires only a very small amount of sample and has no specific buffer constraints. Other MP advantages include minimal cost of consumables and rapid data collection and analysis. Its advantages over other methods make it a valuable tool for researchers in the glycoconjugation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Peng Xu
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Meagan Kelly
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward T Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pavol Kováč
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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6
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Zhao H, Wu D, Hassan SA, Nguyen A, Chen J, Piszczek G, Schuck P. A conserved oligomerization domain in the disordered linker of coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg6473. [PMID: 37018390 PMCID: PMC10075959 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The nucleocapsid (N-)protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a key role in viral assembly and scaffolding of the viral RNA. It promotes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), forming dense droplets that support the assembly of ribonucleoprotein particles with as-of-yet unknown macromolecular architecture. Combining biophysical experiments, molecular dynamics simulations, and analysis of the mutational landscape, we describe a heretofore unknown oligomerization site that contributes to LLPS, is required for the assembly of higher-order protein-nucleic acid complexes, and is coupled to large-scale conformational changes of N-protein upon nucleic acid binding. The self-association interface is located in a leucine-rich sequence of the intrinsically disordered linker between N-protein folded domains and formed by transient helices assembling into trimeric coiled-coils. Critical residues stabilizing hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between adjacent helices are highly protected against mutations in viable SARS-CoV-2 genomes, and the oligomerization motif is conserved across related coronaviruses, thus presenting a target for antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Zhao
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sergio A. Hassan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ai Nguyen
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiji Chen
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Schuck
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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7
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Strzelczyk P, Zhang D, Alexandratos J, Piszczek G, Wlodawer A, Lubkowski J. The dimeric form of bacterial l-asparaginase YpAI is fully active. FEBS J 2023; 290:780-795. [PMID: 36152020 PMCID: PMC10683579 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
l-asparaginases from mesophilic bacteria (ASNases), including two enzymes very successfully used in the treatment of leukaemia, have been consistently described as homotetramers. On the contrary, structural studies show that homodimers of these enzymes should be sufficient to carry out the catalytic reaction. In this report, we investigated whether the type I Yersinia pestis asparaginase (YpAI) is active in a dimeric form or whether the tetrameric quaternary structure is critical for its activity. Using multiple biophysical techniques that investigate enzymatic properties and quaternary structure at either high or low protein concentration, we found that dimeric YpAI is fully active, suggesting that the tetrameric form of this subfamily of enzymes does not bear significant enzymatic relevance. In this process, we extensively characterized YpAI, showing that it is a cooperative enzyme, although the mechanism of allostery is still not definitely established. We showed that, like most type I ASNases, the substrate affinity of YpAI is low and this enzyme is very similar in terms of both the structure and enzymatic properties to homologous type I ASNase from Escherichia coli (EcAI). We extended these studies to more medically relevant type II ASNases, used as anti-leukaemia drugs. We confirmed that type II ASNases are not allosteric, and that they might also be functional in a dimeric form. However, the determination of the accurate tetramer⇆dimer dissociation constants of these enzymes that most likely lie in the picomolar range is not possible with currently available biophysical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Strzelczyk
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Di Zhang
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jerry Alexandratos
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jacek Lubkowski
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
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8
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Chen Y, Prévost J, Ullah I, Romero H, Lisi V, Tolbert WD, Grover JR, Ding S, Gong SY, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Gasser R, Benlarbi M, Vézina D, Anand SP, Chatterjee D, Goyette G, Grunst MW, Yang Z, Bo Y, Zhou F, Béland K, Bai X, Zeher AR, Huang RK, Nguyen DN, Sherburn R, Wu D, Piszczek G, Paré B, Matthies D, Xia D, Richard J, Kumar P, Mothes W, Côté M, Uchil PD, Lavallée VP, Smith MA, Pazgier M, Haddad E, Finzi A. Molecular basis for antiviral activity of two pediatric neutralizing antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD. iScience 2023; 26:105783. [PMID: 36514310 PMCID: PMC9733284 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) hold great promise for clinical interventions against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Understanding NAb epitope-dependent antiviral mechanisms is crucial for developing vaccines and therapeutics against VOCs. Here we characterized two potent NAbs, EH3 and EH8, isolated from an unvaccinated pediatric patient with exceptional plasma neutralization activity. EH3 and EH8 cross-neutralize the early VOCs and mediate strong Fc-dependent effector activity in vitro. Structural analyses of EH3 and EH8 in complex with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) revealed the molecular determinants of the epitope-driven protection and VOC evasion. While EH3 represents the prevalent IGHV3-53 NAb whose epitope substantially overlaps with the ACE2 binding site, EH8 recognizes a narrow epitope exposed in both RBD-up and RBD-down conformations. When tested in vivo, a single-dose prophylactic administration of EH3 fully protected stringent K18-hACE2 mice from lethal challenge with Delta VOC. Our study demonstrates that protective NAbs responses converge in pediatric and adult SARS-CoV-2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hugo Romero
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Veronique Lisi
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Grover
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shang Yu Gong
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Dani Vézina
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael W. Grunst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ziwei Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yuxia Bo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Fei Zhou
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kathie Béland
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Xiaoyun Bai
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Allison R. Zeher
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rick K. Huang
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dung N. Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Rebekah Sherburn
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bastien Paré
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Doreen Matthies
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Di Xia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Martin A. Smith
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Elie Haddad
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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9
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Wu D, Hwang P, Li T, Piszczek G. Rapid characterization of adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy vectors by mass photometry. Gene Ther 2022; 29:691-697. [PMID: 35046529 PMCID: PMC9296698 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) are used extensively as gene delivery vectors in clinical studies, and several rAAV based treatments have already been approved. Significant progress has been made in rAAV manufacturing; however, better and more precise capsid characterization techniques are still needed to guarantee the purity and safety of rAAV preparations. Current analytical techniques used to characterize rAAV preparations are susceptible to background signals, have limited accuracy, or require a large amount of time and material. A recently developed single-molecule technique, mass photometry (MP), measures mass distributions of biomolecules with high-resolution and sensitivity. Here we explore applications of MP for the characterization of capsid fractions. We demonstrate that MP is able to resolve and quantify not only empty and full-genome containing capsid populations but also identify partially packaged capsid impurities. MP data accurately measures full and empty capsid ratios, and can be used to estimate the size of the encapsidated genome. MP distributions provide information on sample heterogeneity and on the presence of aggregates. Sub-picomole quantities of sample are sufficient for MP analysis, and data can be obtained and analyzed within minutes. This method provides a simple, robust, and effective tool to monitor the physical attributes of rAAV vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-8012, USA
| | - Philsang Hwang
- Ocular Gene Therapy Core Facility, National Eye Institute, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tiansen Li
- Ocular Gene Therapy Core Facility, National Eye Institute, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-8012, USA,correspondence to:
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10
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Chen Y, Sun L, Ullah I, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Anand SP, Hederman AP, Tolbert WD, Sherburn R, Nguyen DN, Marchitto L, Ding S, Wu D, Luo Y, Gottumukkala S, Moran S, Kumar P, Piszczek G, Mothes W, Ackerman ME, Finzi A, Uchil PD, Gonzalez FJ, Pazgier M. Engineered ACE2-Fc counters murine lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection through direct neutralization and Fc-effector activities. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn4188. [PMID: 35857504 PMCID: PMC9278865 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) constitutes an attractive antiviral capable of targeting a wide range of coronaviruses using ACE2 as their receptor. Using structure-guided approaches, we developed a series of bivalent ACE2-Fcs harboring functionally and structurally validated mutations that enhance severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor binding domain recognition by up to ~12-fold and remove angiotensin enzymatic activity. The lead variant M81 potently cross-neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including Omicron, at subnanomolar half-maximal inhibitory concentration and was capable of robust Fc-effector functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, and complement deposition. When tested in a stringent K18-hACE2 mouse model, Fc-enhanced ACE2-Fc delayed death by 3 to 5 days or effectively resolved lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings via the combined effects of neutralization and Fc-effector functions. These data add to the demonstrated utility of soluble ACE2 as a valuable SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and indicate that Fc-effector functions may constitute an important component of ACE2-Fc therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Rebekah Sherburn
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Dung N. Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Lorie Marchitto
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Suneetha Gottumukkala
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Sean Moran
- Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Priti Kumar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
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11
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Zhao H, Nguyen A, Wu D, Li Y, Hassan SA, Chen J, Shroff H, Piszczek G, Schuck P. Plasticity in structure and assembly of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. PNAS Nexus 2022; 1:pgac049. [PMID: 35783502 PMCID: PMC9235412 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide SARS-CoV-2 sequencing efforts track emerging mutations in its spike protein, as well as characteristic mutations in other viral proteins. Besides their epidemiological importance, the observed SARS-CoV-2 sequences present an ensemble of viable protein variants, and thereby a source of information on viral protein structure and function. Charting the mutational landscape of the nucleocapsid (N) protein that facilitates viral assembly, we observe variability exceeding that of the spike protein, with more than 86% of residues that can be substituted, on average by three to four different amino acids. However, mutations exhibit an uneven distribution that tracks known structural features but also reveals highly protected stretches of unknown function. One of these conserved regions is in the central disordered linker proximal to the N-G215C mutation that has become dominant in the Delta variant, outcompeting G215 variants without further spike or N-protein substitutions. Structural models suggest that the G215C mutation stabilizes conserved transient helices in the disordered linker serving as protein-protein interaction interfaces. Comparing Delta variant N-protein to its ancestral version in biophysical experiments, we find a significantly more compact and less disordered structure. N-G215C exhibits substantially stronger self-association, shifting the unliganded protein from a dimeric to a tetrameric oligomeric state, which leads to enhanced coassembly with nucleic acids. This suggests that the sequence variability of N-protein is mirrored by high plasticity of N-protein biophysical properties, which we hypothesize can be exploited by SARS-CoV-2 to achieve greater efficiency of viral assembly, and thereby enhanced infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Zhao
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ai Nguyen
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sergio A Hassan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiji Chen
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hari Shroff
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Schuck
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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12
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Rashidijahanabad Z, Kelly M, Kamruzzaman M, Qadri F, Bhuiyan TR, McFall-Boegeman H, Wu D, Piszczek G, Xu P, Ryan ET, Huang X. Virus-like Particle Display of Vibrio choleraeO-Specific Polysaccharide as a Potential Vaccine against Cholera. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:574-583. [PMID: 35170309 PMCID: PMC9119010 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae, a noninvasive mucosal pathogen, is endemic in more than 50 countries. Oral cholera vaccines, based on killed whole-cell strains of Vibrio cholerae, can provide significant protection in adults and children for 2-5 years. However, they have relatively limited direct protection in young children. To overcome current challenges, in this study, a potential conjugate vaccine was developed by linking O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) antigen purified from V. cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba strain PIC018 with Qβ virus-like particles efficiently via squarate chemistry. The Qβ-OSP conjugate was characterized with mass photometry (MP) on the whole particle level. Pertinent immunologic display of OSP was confirmed by immunoreactivity of the conjugate with convalescent phase samples from humans with cholera. Mouse immunization with the Qβ-OSP conjugate showed that the construct generated prominent and long-lasting IgG antibody responses against OSP, and the resulting antibodies could recognize the native lipopolysaccharide from Vibrio cholerae O1 Inaba. This was the first time that Qβ was conjugated with a bacterial polysaccharide for vaccine development, broadening the scope of this powerful carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rashidijahanabad
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Meagan Kelly
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Mohammad Kamruzzaman
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Taufiqur R Bhuiyan
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Hunter McFall-Boegeman
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Peng Xu
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Edward T Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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13
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Zhao H, Nguyen A, Wu D, Li Y, Hassan SA, Chen J, Shroff H, Piszczek G, Schuck P. Plasticity in structure and assembly of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. bioRxiv 2022:2022.02.08.479556. [PMID: 35169797 PMCID: PMC8845419 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.08.479556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide SARS-CoV-2 sequencing efforts track emerging mutations in its spike protein, as well as characteristic mutations in other viral proteins. Besides their epidemiological importance, the observed SARS-CoV-2 sequences present an ensemble of viable protein variants, and thereby a source of information on viral protein structure and function. Charting the mutational landscape of the nucleocapsid (N) protein that facilitates viral assembly, we observe variability exceeding that of the spike protein, with more than 86% of residues that can be substituted, on average by 3-4 different amino acids. However, mutations exhibit an uneven distribution that tracks known structural features but also reveals highly protected stretches of unknown function. One of these conserved regions is in the central disordered linker proximal to the N-G215C mutation that has become dominant in the Delta variant, outcompeting G215 variants without further spike or N-protein substitutions. Structural models suggest that the G215C mutation stabilizes conserved transient helices in the disordered linker serving as protein-protein interaction interfaces. Comparing Delta variant N-protein to its ancestral version in biophysical experiments, we find a significantly more compact and less disordered structure. N-G215C exhibits substantially stronger self-association, shifting the unliganded protein from a dimeric to a tetrameric oligomeric state, which leads to enhanced co-assembly with nucleic acids. This suggests that the sequence variability of N-protein is mirrored by high plasticity of N-protein biophysical properties, which we hypothesize can be exploited by SARS-CoV-2 to achieve greater efficiency of viral assembly, and thereby enhanced infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Zhao
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ai Nguyen
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sergio A. Hassan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiji Chen
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hari Shroff
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Schuck
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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14
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Chen Y, Sun L, Ullah I, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Anand SP, Hederman AP, Tolbert WD, Sherburn R, Nguyen DN, Marchitto L, Ding S, Wu D, Luo Y, Gottumukkala S, Moran S, Kumar P, Piszczek G, Mothes W, Ackerman ME, Finzi A, Uchil PD, Gonzalez FJ, Pazgier M. Engineered ACE2-Fc counters murine lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection through direct neutralization and Fc-effector activities. bioRxiv 2021:2021.11.24.469776. [PMID: 34845451 PMCID: PMC8629194 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.24.469776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Soluble Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) constitutes an attractive antiviral capable of targeting a wide range of coronaviruses utilizing ACE2 as their receptor. Here, using structure-guided approaches, we developed divalent ACE2 molecules by grafting the extracellular ACE2-domain onto a human IgG1 or IgG3 (ACE2-Fc). These ACE2-Fcs harbor structurally validated mutations that enhance spike (S) binding and remove angiotensin enzymatic activity. The lead variant bound tightly to S, mediated in vitro neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) with sub-nanomolar IC 50 and was capable of robust Fc-effector functions, including antibody-dependent-cellular cytotoxicity, phagocytosis and complement deposition. When tested in a stringent K18-hACE2 mouse model, it delayed death or effectively resolved lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection in a prophylactic or therapeutic setting utilizing the combined effect of neutralization and Fc-effector functions. These data confirm the utility of ACE2-Fcs as valuable agents in preventing and eliminating SARS-CoV-2 infection and demonstrate that ACE2-Fc therapeutic activity require Fc-effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
- equal contribution
| | - Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- equal contribution
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- equal contribution
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de recherche du CHUM. Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de recherche du CHUM. Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill, QC, Canada
| | | | - William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Rebekah Sherburn
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Dung N. Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Lorie Marchitto
- Centre de recherche du CHUM. Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de recherche du CHUM. Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Suneetha Gottumukkala
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Sean Moran
- Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du CHUM. Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill, QC, Canada
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
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15
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Zhao H, Wu D, Nguyen A, Li Y, Adão RC, Valkov E, Patterson GH, Piszczek G, Schuck P. Energetic and structural features of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein co-assemblies with nucleic acids. iScience 2021; 24:102523. [PMID: 33997662 PMCID: PMC8103780 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleocapsid (N) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus packages the viral genome into well-defined ribonucleoprotein particles, but the molecular pathway is still unclear. N-protein is dimeric and consists of two folded domains with nucleic acid (NA) binding sites, surrounded by intrinsically disordered regions that promote liquid-liquid phase separation. Here, we use biophysical tools to study N-protein interactions with oligonucleotides of different lengths, examining the size, composition, secondary structure, and energetics of the resulting states. We observe the formation of supramolecular clusters or nuclei preceding growth into phase-separated droplets. Short hexanucleotide NA forms compact 2:2 N-protein/NA complexes with reduced disorder. Longer oligonucleotides expose additional N-protein interactions and multi-valent protein-NA interactions, which generate higher-order mixed oligomers and simultaneously promote growth of droplets. Phase separation is accompanied by a significant change in protein secondary structure, different from that caused by initial NA binding, which may contribute to the assembly of ribonucleoprotein particles within macromolecular condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Zhao
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, 13 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ai Nguyen
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, 13 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Protein/Peptide Sequencing Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Regina C. Adão
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, 13 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eugene Valkov
- Messenger RNA Regulation and Decay Section, RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 21-105A, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - George H. Patterson
- Section on Biophotonics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Schuck
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, 13 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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López-Méndez B, Baron B, Brautigam CA, Jowitt TA, Knauer SH, Uebel S, Williams MA, Sedivy A, Abian O, Abreu C, Adamczyk M, Bal W, Berger S, Buell AK, Carolis C, Daviter T, Fish A, Garcia-Alai M, Guenther C, Hamacek J, Holková J, Houser J, Johnson C, Kelly S, Leech A, Mas C, Matulis D, McLaughlin SH, Montserret R, Nasreddine R, Nehmé R, Nguyen Q, Ortega-Alarcón D, Perez K, Pirc K, Piszczek G, Podobnik M, Rodrigo N, Rokov-Plavec J, Schaefer S, Sharpe T, Southall J, Staunton D, Tavares P, Vanek O, Weyand M, Wu D. Reproducibility and accuracy of microscale thermophoresis in the NanoTemper Monolith: a multi laboratory benchmark study. Eur Biophys J 2021; 50:411-427. [PMID: 33881594 PMCID: PMC8519905 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microscale thermophoresis (MST), and the closely related Temperature Related Intensity Change (TRIC), are synonyms for a recently developed measurement technique in the field of biophysics to quantify biomolecular interactions, using the (capillary-based) NanoTemper Monolith and (multiwell plate-based) Dianthus instruments. Although this technique has been extensively used within the scientific community due to its low sample consumption, ease of use, and ubiquitous applicability, MST/TRIC has not enjoyed the unambiguous acceptance from biophysicists afforded to other biophysical techniques like isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) or surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This might be attributed to several facts, e.g., that various (not fully understood) effects are contributing to the signal, that the technique is licensed to only a single instrument developer, NanoTemper Technology, and that its reliability and reproducibility have never been tested independently and systematically. Thus, a working group of ARBRE-MOBIEU has set up a benchmark study on MST/TRIC to assess this technique as a method to characterize biomolecular interactions. Here we present the results of this study involving 32 scientific groups within Europe and two groups from the US, carrying out experiments on 40 Monolith instruments, employing a standard operation procedure and centrally prepared samples. A protein-small molecule interaction, a newly developed protein-protein interaction system and a pure dye were used as test systems. We characterized the instrument properties and evaluated instrument performance, reproducibility, the effect of different analysis tools, the influence of the experimenter during data analysis, and thus the overall reliability of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca López-Méndez
- Biophysics Platform, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bruno Baron
- Molecular Biophysics, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Chad A Brautigam
- Departments of Biophysics and Microbiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Thomas A Jowitt
- Biomolecular Analysis Core Facility, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stefan H Knauer
- Biochemistry IV-Biopolymers, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stephan Uebel
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Mark A Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, ISMB BiophysX Centre, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Arthur Sedivy
- ProteinTechnology, Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities GmbH, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Olga Abian
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular-Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Celeste Abreu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Malgorzata Adamczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylvie Berger
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Alexander K Buell
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Kgs., 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carlo Carolis
- BioMolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader St, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tina Daviter
- Department of Biological Sciences, BiophysX Centre, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
- Shared Research Facilities, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Alexander Fish
- Department of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Josef Hamacek
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, UPR 4301 CNRS Orléans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Jitka Holková
- Glycobiochemistry and Biomolecular Interaction and Crystallization Core Facility, CEITEC MU, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Houser
- Glycobiochemistry and Biomolecular Interaction and Crystallization Core Facility, CEITEC MU, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Chris Johnson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sharon Kelly
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, B4-13 Joseph Black Building, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew Leech
- Department of Biology, Bioscience Technology Facility, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Caroline Mas
- Integrated Structural Biology Grenoble (ISBG), UMS 3518 (CNRS-CEA-UGA-EMBL), 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Sauletekio StSaulėtekio 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Stephen H McLaughlin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Roland Montserret
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des protéines, CNRS, Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367, cedex 07 Lyon, France
| | - Rouba Nasreddine
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), CNRS FR 2708, UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Reine Nehmé
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), CNRS FR 2708, UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Quyen Nguyen
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125, Chemin de Ronde, 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - David Ortega-Alarcón
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kathryn Perez
- Biophysics Lab, Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Pirc
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- NHLBI Biophysics Core Facility, NHLBI/NIH, 50 South Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natalia Rodrigo
- BioMolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader St, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jasmina Rokov-Plavec
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Susanne Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tim Sharpe
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - June Southall
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, B4-13 Joseph Black Building, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - David Staunton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX13 5LA, UK
| | - Pedro Tavares
- Molecular Biophysics Research Laboratory, Departamento de Química, UCIBIO/Requimte, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNL, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ondrej Vanek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Weyand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Di Wu
- NHLBI Biophysics Core Facility, NHLBI/NIH, 50 South Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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17
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Updegrove TB, Harke J, Anantharaman V, Yang J, Gopalan N, Wu D, Piszczek G, Stevenson DM, Amador-Noguez D, Wang JD, Aravind L, Ramamurthi KS. Reformulation of an extant ATPase active site to mimic ancestral GTPase activity reveals a nucleotide base requirement for function. eLife 2021; 10:65845. [PMID: 33704064 PMCID: PMC7952092 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates releases similar amounts of energy. However, ATP hydrolysis is typically used for energy-intensive reactions, whereas GTP hydrolysis typically functions as a switch. SpoIVA is a bacterial cytoskeletal protein that hydrolyzes ATP to polymerize irreversibly during Bacillus subtilis sporulation. SpoIVA evolved from a TRAFAC class of P-loop GTPases, but the evolutionary pressure that drove this change in nucleotide specificity is unclear. We therefore reengineered the nucleotide-binding pocket of SpoIVA to mimic its ancestral GTPase activity. SpoIVAGTPase functioned properly as a GTPase but failed to polymerize because it did not form an NDP-bound intermediate that we report is required for polymerization. Further, incubation of SpoIVAGTPase with limiting ATP did not promote efficient polymerization. This approach revealed that the nucleotide base, in addition to the energy released from hydrolysis, can be critical in specific biological functions. We also present data suggesting that increased levels of ATP relative to GTP at the end of sporulation was the evolutionary pressure that drove the change in nucleotide preference in SpoIVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Updegrove
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jailynn Harke
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Vivek Anantharaman
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
| | - Nikhil Gopalan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - David M Stevenson
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
| | | | - Jue D Wang
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
| | - L Aravind
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Kumaran S Ramamurthi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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18
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Wu D, Piszczek G. Standard protocol for mass photometry experiments. Eur Biophys J 2021; 50:403-409. [PMID: 33651123 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass photometry (MP) is a relatively new experimental technique with a quickly expanding list of applications. Using optical detection, MP measures the mass of individual molecules to obtain molecular mass distributions of proteins and other biomolecules in solution. The combination of speed, sensitivity, and very low sample consumption with label- and immobilization-free detection sets MP apart from other analytical methods. An increasing number of laboratories incorporates mass photometry as a routine sample analysis technique. However, MP measurements can sometimes be challenging, especially for users without previous experience with single-molecule techniques. Here, we present a protocol for the determination of protein molecular mass distributions by MP. It describes the sample and materials preparation as well as data collection and analysis. The advantages and limitations of this technique and the potential sources of artifacts are also given. This protocol can be used by new MP users and serve as a checklist for laboratories routinely performing MP experiments to guide consistent data collection and documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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19
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Zhao H, Wu D, Nguyen A, Li Y, Adão RC, Valkov E, Patterson GH, Piszczek G, Schuck P. Energetic and structural features of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein co-assemblies with nucleic acids. bioRxiv 2021:2021.02.08.430344. [PMID: 33594360 PMCID: PMC7885910 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.08.430344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nucleocapsid (N) protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus packages the viral genome into well-defined ribonucleoprotein particles, but the molecular pathway is still unclear. N-protein is dimeric and consists of two folded domains with nucleic acid (NA) binding sites, surrounded by intrinsically disordered regions that promote liquid-liquid phase separation. Here we use biophysical tools to study N-protein interactions with oligonucleotides of different length, examining the size, composition, secondary structure, and energetics of the resulting states. We observe formation of supramolecular clusters or nuclei preceding growth into phase-separated droplets. Short hexanucleotide NA forms compact 2:2 N-protein/NA complexes with reduced disorder. Longer oligonucleotides expose additional N-protein interactions and multi-valent protein-NA interactions, which generate higher-order mixed oligomers and simultaneously promote growth of droplets. Phase separation is accompanied by a significant increase in protein secondary structure, different from that caused by initial NA binding, which may contribute to the assembly of ribonucleoprotein particles within molecular condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Zhao
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, 13 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ai Nguyen
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, 13 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Protein/Peptide Sequencing Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Regina C. Adão
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, 13 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eugene Valkov
- Messenger RNA Regulation and Decay Section, RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 21–105A, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - George H. Patterson
- Section on Biophotonics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Schuck
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, 13 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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20
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Abstract
Measurements of the specificity and affinity of antigen-antibody interactions are critically important for medical and research applications. In this protocol, we describe the implementation of a new single-molecule technique, mass photometry (MP), for this purpose. MP is a label- and immobilization-free technique that detects and quantifies molecular masses and populations of antibodies and antigen-antibody complexes on a single-molecule level. MP analyzes the antigen-antibody sample within minutes, allowing for the precise determination of the binding affinity and simultaneously providing information on the stoichiometry and the oligomeric state of the proteins. This is a simple and straightforward technique that requires only picomole quantities of protein and no expensive consumables. The same procedure can be used to study protein-protein binding for proteins with a molecular mass larger than 50 kDa. For multivalent protein interactions, the affinities of multiple binding sites can be obtained in a single measurement. However, the single-molecule mode of measurement and the lack of labeling imposes some experimental limitations. This method gives the best results when applied to measurements of sub-micromolar interaction affinities, antigens with a molecular mass of 20 kDa or larger, and relatively pure protein samples. We also describe the procedure for performing the required fitting and calculation steps using basic data analysis software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health;
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21
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Trachman RJ, Cojocaru R, Wu D, Piszczek G, Ryckelynck M, Unrau PJ, Ferré-D'Amaré AR. Structure-Guided Engineering of the Homodimeric Mango-IV Fluorescence Turn-on Aptamer Yields an RNA FRET Pair. Structure 2020; 28:776-785.e3. [PMID: 32386573 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent RNA aptamers have been used in cells as biosensor reporters and tags for tracking transcripts. Recently, combined SELEX and microfluidic fluorescence sorting yielded three aptamers that activate fluorescence of TO1-Biotin: Mango-II, Mango-III, and Mango-IV. Of these, Mango-IV was best at imaging RNAs in both fixed and live mammalian cells. To understand how Mango-IV achieves activity in cells, we determined its crystal structure complexed with TO1-Biotin. The structure reveals a domain-swapped homodimer with two independent G-quadruplex fluorophore binding pockets. Structure-based analyses indicate that the Mango-IV core has relaxed fluorophore specificity, and a tendency to reorganize binding pocket residues. These molecular properties may endow it with robustness in the cellular milieu. Based on the domain-swapped structure, heterodimers between Mango-IV and the fluorescent aptamer iSpinach, joined by Watson-Crick base pairing, were constructed. These exhibited FRET between their respective aptamer-activated fluorophores, advancing fluorescent aptamer technology toward multi-color, RNA-based imaging of RNA coexpression and colocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Trachman
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 50 South Drive MSC 8012, Bethesda, MD 20892-8012, USA
| | - Razvan Cojocaru
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Di Wu
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 50 South Drive MSC 8012, Bethesda, MD 20892-8012, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 50 South Drive MSC 8012, Bethesda, MD 20892-8012, USA
| | - Michael Ryckelynck
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Peter J Unrau
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Adrian R Ferré-D'Amaré
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 50 South Drive MSC 8012, Bethesda, MD 20892-8012, USA.
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22
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Wang ZJ, Soohoo SM, Tiwari PB, Piszczek G, Brelidze TI. Chlorpromazine binding to the PAS domains uncovers the effect of ligand modulation on EAG channel activity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4114-4123. [PMID: 32047112 PMCID: PMC7105296 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ether-a-go-go (EAG) potassium selective channels are major regulators of neuronal excitability and cancer progression. EAG channels contain a Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain in their intracellular N-terminal region. The PAS domain is structurally similar to the PAS domains in non-ion channel proteins, where these domains frequently function as ligand-binding domains. Despite the structural similarity, it is not known whether the PAS domain can regulate EAG channel function via ligand binding. Here, using surface plasmon resonance, tryptophan fluorescence, and analysis of EAG currents recorded in Xenopus laevis oocytes, we show that a small molecule chlorpromazine (CH), widely used as an antipsychotic medication, binds to the isolated PAS domain of EAG channels and inhibits currents from these channels. Mutant EAG channels that lack the PAS domain show significantly lower inhibition by CH, suggesting that CH affects currents from EAG channels directly through the binding to the PAS domain. Our study lends support to the hypothesis that there are previously unaccounted steps in EAG channel gating that could be activated by ligand binding to the PAS domain. This has broad implications for understanding gating mechanisms of EAG and related ERG and ELK K+ channels and places the PAS domain as a new target for drug discovery in EAG and related channels. Up-regulation of EAG channel activity is linked to cancer and neurological disorders. Our study raises the possibility of repurposing the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine for treatment of neurological disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., 20057
| | - Stephanie M Soohoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., 20057
| | - Purushottam B Tiwari
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., 20057
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Tinatin I Brelidze
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., 20057.
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23
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Wu D, Piszczek G. Measuring the affinity of protein-protein interactions on a single-molecule level by mass photometry. Anal Biochem 2020; 592:113575. [PMID: 31923382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of biomolecular interactions are crucial to understand the mechanisms of the biological processes they facilitate. Bulk-based methods such as ITC and SPR provide important information on binding affinities, stoichiometry, and kinetics of interactions. However, the ensemble averaging approaches are not able to probe the intrinsic heterogeneity often displayed by biological systems. Interactions that involve cooperativity or result in the formation of multicomponent complexes pose additional experimental challenges. Single-molecule techniques have previously been applied to solve these problems. However, single-molecule experiments are often technically demanding and require labeling or immobilization of the molecules under study. A recently developed single-molecule method, mass photometry (MP), overcomes these limitations. Here we applied MP to measure the affinities of biomolecular interactions. We have demonstrated how MP allows the user to study multivalent complexes and quantify the affinities of different binding sites in a single measurement. Results obtained from this single-molecule technique have been validated by ITC and BLI. The quality and information content of the MP data, combined with simple and fast measurements and low sample consumption makes MP a new preferred method for measuring strong protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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24
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Zehr EA, Szyk A, Piszczek G, Szczesna E, Zuo X, Roll-Mecak A. Katanin Spiral and Ring Structures Shed Light on Power Stroke for Microtubule Severing. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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25
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Abstract
One of the many ways by which bacteria control gene expression is through cis-acting regulatory mRNA elements called riboswitches. By specifically binding to small molecules or metabolites and pairing the binding event to an RNA structure change, riboswitches link a metabolic input to a transcriptional or translational output. For over a decade, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) has been used to investigate how riboswitches interact with small molecules. We present methods for assaying RNA-ligand interactions using ITC and analyzing resulting data to estimate thermodynamic parameters associated with binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Jones
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrian R Ferré-D'Amaré
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Grunseich C, Wang IX, Watts JA, Burdick JT, Guber RD, Zhu Z, Bruzel A, Lanman T, Chen K, Schindler AB, Edwards N, Ray-Chaudhury A, Yao J, Lehky T, Piszczek G, Crain B, Fischbeck KH, Cheung VG. Senataxin Mutation Reveals How R-Loops Promote Transcription by Blocking DNA Methylation at Gene Promoters. Mol Cell 2018; 69:426-437.e7. [PMID: 29395064 PMCID: PMC5815878 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures found abundantly and yet often viewed as by-products of transcription. Studying cells from patients with a motor neuron disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4 [ALS4]) caused by a mutation in senataxin, we uncovered how R-loops promote transcription. In ALS4 patients, the senataxin mutation depletes R-loops with a consequent effect on gene expression. With fewer R-loops in ALS4 cells, the expression of BAMBI, a negative regulator of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), is reduced; that then leads to the activation of the TGF-β pathway. We uncovered that genome-wide R-loops influence promoter methylation of over 1,200 human genes. DNA methyl-transferase 1 favors binding to double-stranded DNA over R-loops. Thus, in forming R-loops, nascent RNA blocks DNA methylation and promotes further transcription. Hence, our results show that nucleic acid structures, in addition to sequences, influence the binding and activity of regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Grunseich
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabel X Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason A Watts
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua T Burdick
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert D Guber
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhengwei Zhu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alan Bruzel
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tyler Lanman
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelian Chen
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alice B Schindler
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Edwards
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abhik Ray-Chaudhury
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianhua Yao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tanya Lehky
- Electromyography Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Crain
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth H Fischbeck
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Vivian G Cheung
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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Hayoz S, Tiwari PB, Piszczek G, Üren A, Brelidze TI. Investigating cyclic nucleotide and cyclic dinucleotide binding to HCN channels by surface plasmon resonance. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185359. [PMID: 28950029 PMCID: PMC5614581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) channels control cardiac and neuronal rhythmicity. HCN channels contain cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) in their C-terminal region linked to the pore-forming transmembrane segment with a C-linker. The C-linker couples the conformational changes caused by the direct binding of cyclic nucleotides to the HCN pore opening. Recently, cyclic dinucleotides were shown to antagonize the effect of cyclic nucleotides in HCN4 but not in HCN2 channels. Based on the structural analysis and mutational studies it has been proposed that cyclic dinucleotides affect HCN4 channels by binding to the C-linker pocket (CLP). Here, we first show that surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can be used to accurately measure cyclic nucleotide binding affinity to the C-linker/CNBD of HCN2 and HCN4 channels. We then used SPR to investigate cyclic dinucleotide binding in HCN channels. To our surprise, we detected no binding of cyclic dinucleotides to the isolated monomeric C-linker/CNBDs of HCN4 channels with SPR. The binding of cyclic dinucleotides was further examined with isothermal calorimetry (ITC), which indicated no binding of cyclic dinucleotides to both monomeric and tetrameric C-linker/CNBDs of HCN4 channels. Taken together, our results suggest that interaction of the C-linker/CNBD with other parts of the channel is necessary for cyclic-dinucleotide binding in HCN4 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Hayoz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Purushottam B. Tiwari
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Aykut Üren
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Tinatin I. Brelidze
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhao H, Ghirlando R, Alfonso C, Arisaka F, Attali I, Bain DL, Bakhtina MM, Becker DF, Bedwell GJ, Bekdemir A, Besong TMD, Birck C, Brautigam CA, Brennerman W, Byron O, Bzowska A, Chaires JB, Chaton CT, Cölfen H, Connaghan KD, Crowley KA, Curth U, Daviter T, Dean WL, Díez AI, Ebel C, Eckert DM, Eisele LE, Eisenstein E, England P, Escalante C, Fagan JA, Fairman R, Finn RM, Fischle W, de la Torre JG, Gor J, Gustafsson H, Hall D, Harding SE, Cifre JGH, Herr AB, Howell EE, Isaac RS, Jao SC, Jose D, Kim SJ, Kokona B, Kornblatt JA, Kosek D, Krayukhina E, Krzizike D, Kusznir EA, Kwon H, Larson A, Laue TM, Le Roy A, Leech AP, Lilie H, Luger K, Luque-Ortega JR, Ma J, May CA, Maynard EL, Modrak-Wojcik A, Mok YF, Mücke N, Nagel-Steger L, Narlikar GJ, Noda M, Nourse A, Obsil T, Park CK, Park JK, Pawelek PD, Perdue EE, Perkins SJ, Perugini MA, Peterson CL, Peverelli MG, Piszczek G, Prag G, Prevelige PE, Raynal BDE, Rezabkova L, Richter K, Ringel AE, Rosenberg R, Rowe AJ, Rufer AC, Scott DJ, Seravalli JG, Solovyova AS, Song R, Staunton D, Stoddard C, Stott K, Strauss HM, Streicher WW, Sumida JP, Swygert SG, Szczepanowski RH, Tessmer I, Toth RT, Tripathy A, Uchiyama S, Uebel SFW, Unzai S, Gruber AV, von Hippel PH, Wandrey C, Wang SH, Weitzel SE, Wielgus-Kutrowska B, Wolberger C, Wolff M, Wright E, Wu YS, Wubben JM, Schuck P. A multilaboratory comparison of calibration accuracy and the performance of external references in analytical ultracentrifugation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126420. [PMID: 25997164 PMCID: PMC4440767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) is a first principles based method to determine absolute sedimentation coefficients and buoyant molar masses of macromolecules and their complexes, reporting on their size and shape in free solution. The purpose of this multi-laboratory study was to establish the precision and accuracy of basic data dimensions in AUC and validate previously proposed calibration techniques. Three kits of AUC cell assemblies containing radial and temperature calibration tools and a bovine serum albumin (BSA) reference sample were shared among 67 laboratories, generating 129 comprehensive data sets. These allowed for an assessment of many parameters of instrument performance, including accuracy of the reported scan time after the start of centrifugation, the accuracy of the temperature calibration, and the accuracy of the radial magnification. The range of sedimentation coefficients obtained for BSA monomer in different instruments and using different optical systems was from 3.655 S to 4.949 S, with a mean and standard deviation of (4.304 ± 0.188) S (4.4%). After the combined application of correction factors derived from the external calibration references for elapsed time, scan velocity, temperature, and radial magnification, the range of s-values was reduced 7-fold with a mean of 4.325 S and a 6-fold reduced standard deviation of ± 0.030 S (0.7%). In addition, the large data set provided an opportunity to determine the instrument-to-instrument variation of the absolute radial positions reported in the scan files, the precision of photometric or refractometric signal magnitudes, and the precision of the calculated apparent molar mass of BSA monomer and the fraction of BSA dimers. These results highlight the necessity and effectiveness of independent calibration of basic AUC data dimensions for reliable quantitative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Zhao
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Rodolfo Ghirlando
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Carlos Alfonso
- Analytical Ultracentrifugacion and Light Scattering Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Fumio Arisaka
- Life Science Research Center, Nihon University, College of Bioresource Science, Fujisawa, 252–0880, Japan
| | - Ilan Attali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - David L. Bain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, United States of America
| | - Marina M. Bakhtina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Retrovirus Research, and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Donald F. Becker
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Bedwell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Ahmet Bekdemir
- Supramolecular Nanomaterials and Interfaces Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Tabot M. D. Besong
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chad A. Brautigam
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States of America
| | - William Brennerman
- Beckman Coulter, Inc., Life Science Division, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America
| | - Olwyn Byron
- School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G37TT, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Bzowska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02–089, Poland
| | - Jonathan B. Chaires
- JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, United States of America
| | - Catherine T. Chaton
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, United States of America
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Keith D. Connaghan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, United States of America
| | - Kimberly A. Crowley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, United States of America
| | - Ute Curth
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tina Daviter
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology Biophysics Centre, Birkbeck, University of London and University College London, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - William L. Dean
- JG Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, United States of America
| | - Ana I. Díez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30071, Spain
| | - Christine Ebel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Debra M. Eckert
- Protein Interactions Core, Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, United States of America
| | - Leslie E. Eisele
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America
| | - Edward Eisenstein
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States of America
| | - Patrick England
- Institut Pasteur, Centre of Biophysics of Macromolecules and Their Interactions, Paris, 75724, France
| | - Carlos Escalante
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23220, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Fagan
- Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, United States of America
| | - Robert Fairman
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, 19041, United States of America
| | - Ron M. Finn
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fischle
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jayesh Gor
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Damien Hall
- Research School of Chemistry, Section on Biological Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Stephen E. Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew B. Herr
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth E. Howell
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996–0840, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Isaac
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America
| | - Shu-Chuan Jao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- Biophysics Core Facility, Scientific Instrument Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Davis Jose
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States of America
| | - Soon-Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Mokpo National University, Muan, 534–729, Korea
| | - Bashkim Kokona
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, 19041, United States of America
| | - Jack A. Kornblatt
- Enzyme Research Group, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Dalibor Kosek
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Krayukhina
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Daniel Krzizike
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Kusznir
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd., Basel, 4070, Switzerland
| | - Hyewon Kwon
- Analytical Biopharmacy Core, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, United States of America
| | - Adam Larson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America
| | - Thomas M. Laue
- Department of Biochemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, United States of America
| | - Aline Le Roy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrew P. Leech
- Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Hauke Lilie
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Karolin Luger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, United States of America
| | - Juan R. Luque-Ortega
- Analytical Ultracentrifugacion and Light Scattering Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Jia Ma
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Carrie A. May
- Department of Biochemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, United States of America
| | - Ernest L. Maynard
- Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, United States of America
| | - Anna Modrak-Wojcik
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02–089, Poland
| | - Yee-Foong Mok
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Instute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Norbert Mücke
- Biophysics of Macromolecules, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | | | - Geeta J. Narlikar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America
| | - Masanori Noda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Amanda Nourse
- Molecular Interaction Analysis Shared Resource, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, United States of America
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Chad K. Park
- Analytical Biophysics & Materials Characterization, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States of America
| | - Jin-Ku Park
- Central Instrument Center, Mokpo National University, Muan, 534–729, Korea
| | - Peter D. Pawelek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Erby E. Perdue
- Beckman Coulter, Inc., Life Science Division, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Perkins
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A. Perugini
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Craig L. Peterson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, United States of America
| | - Martin G. Peverelli
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
| | - Gali Prag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Peter E. Prevelige
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
| | - Bertrand D. E. Raynal
- Institut Pasteur, Centre of Biophysics of Macromolecules and Their Interactions, Paris, 75724, France
| | - Lenka Rezabkova
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Richter
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alison E. Ringel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - Rose Rosenberg
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Arthur J. Rowe
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Arne C. Rufer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd., Basel, 4070, Switzerland
| | - David J. Scott
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Javier G. Seravalli
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, United States of America
| | - Alexandra S. Solovyova
- Proteome and Protein Analysis, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Renjie Song
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, 12208, United States of America
| | - David Staunton
- Molecular Biophysics Suite, Department of Biochemistry, Oxford, Oxon, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Caitlin Stoddard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, United States of America
| | - Katherine Stott
- Biochemistry Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Werner W. Streicher
- Protein Function and Interactions, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - John P. Sumida
- Analytical Biopharmacy Core, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, United States of America
| | - Sarah G. Swygert
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01605, United States of America
| | - Roman H. Szczepanowski
- Core Facility, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, 02–109, Poland
| | - Ingrid Tessmer
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ronald T. Toth
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, United States of America
| | - Ashutosh Tripathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States of America
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565–0871, Japan
| | - Stephan F. W. Uebel
- Biochemistry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Satoru Unzai
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 230–0045, Japan
| | - Anna Vitlin Gruber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Peter H. von Hippel
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States of America
| | - Christine Wandrey
- Laboratoire de Médecine Régénérative et de Pharmacobiologie, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Szu-Huan Wang
- Biophysics Core Facility, Scientific Instrument Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Steven E. Weitzel
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States of America
| | - Beata Wielgus-Kutrowska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02–089, Poland
| | - Cynthia Wolberger
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - Martin Wolff
- ICS-6, Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Juelich, 52428, Juelich, Germany
| | - Edward Wright
- Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996–0840, United States of America
| | - Yu-Sung Wu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States of America
| | - Jacinta M. Wubben
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Peter Schuck
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Zhao H, Piszczek G, Schuck P. SEDPHAT--a platform for global ITC analysis and global multi-method analysis of molecular interactions. Methods 2015; 76:137-148. [PMID: 25477226 PMCID: PMC4380758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments can provide significantly more detailed information about molecular interactions when combined in global analysis. For example, global analysis can improve the precision of binding affinity and enthalpy, and of possible linkage parameters, even for simple bimolecular interactions, and greatly facilitate the study of multi-site and multi-component systems with competition or cooperativity. A pre-requisite for global analysis is the departure from the traditional binding model, including an 'n'-value describing unphysical, non-integral numbers of sites. Instead, concentration correction factors can be introduced to account for either errors in the concentration determination or for the presence of inactive fractions of material. SEDPHAT is a computer program that embeds these ideas and provides a graphical user interface for the seamless combination of biophysical experiments to be globally modeled with a large number of different binding models. It offers statistical tools for the rigorous determination of parameter errors, correlations, as well as advanced statistical functions for global ITC (gITC) and global multi-method analysis (GMMA). SEDPHAT will also take full advantage of error bars of individual titration data points determined with the unbiased integration software NITPIC. The present communication reviews principles and strategies of global analysis for ITC and its extension to GMMA in SEDPHAT. We will also introduce a new graphical tool for aiding experimental design by surveying the concentration space and generating simulated data sets, which can be subsequently statistically examined for their information content. This procedure can replace the 'c'-value as an experimental design parameter, which ceases to be helpful for multi-site systems and in the context of gITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Zhao
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Schuck
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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30
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Gruschus JM, Jiang Z, Yap TL, Hill SA, Grishaev A, Piszczek G, Sidransky E, Lee JC. Dissociation of glucocerebrosidase dimer in solution by its co-factor, saposin C. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 457:561-6. [PMID: 25600808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene for the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase) cause Gaucher disease and are the most common risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). Analytical ultracentrifugation of 8 μM GCase shows equilibrium between monomer and dimer forms. However, in the presence of its co-factor saposin C (Sap C), only monomer GCase is seen. Isothermal calorimetry confirms that Sap C associates with GCase in solution in a 1:1 complex (Kd = 2.1 ± 1.1 μM). Saturation cross-transfer NMR determined that the region of Sap C contacting GCase includes residues 63-66 and 74-76, which is distinct from the region known to enhance GCase activity. Because α-synuclein (α-syn), a protein closely associated with PD etiology, competes with Sap C for GCase binding, its interaction with GCase was also measured by ultracentrifugation and saturation cross-transfer. Unlike Sap C, binding of α-syn to GCase does not affect multimerization. However, adding α-syn reduces saturation cross-transfer from Sap C to GCase, confirming displacement. To explore where Sap C might disrupt multimeric GCase, GCase x-ray structures were analyzed using the program PISA, which predicted stable dimer and tetramer forms. For the most frequently predicted multimer interface, the GCase active sites are partially buried, suggesting that Sap C might disrupt the multimer by binding near the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Gruschus
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, United States.
| | - Zhiping Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, United States
| | - Thai Leong Yap
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, United States
| | - Stephanie A Hill
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, United States
| | - Alexander Grishaev
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section on Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jennifer C Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, United States.
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31
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Paez-Segala MG, Sun MG, Shtengel G, Viswanathan S, Baird MA, Macklin JJ, Patel R, Allen JR, Howe ES, Piszczek G, Hess HF, Davidson MW, Wang Y, Looger LL. Fixation-resistant photoactivatable fluorescent proteins for CLEM. Nat Methods 2015; 12:215-8, 4 p following 218. [PMID: 25581799 PMCID: PMC4344411 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins facilitate a variety of imaging paradigms in live and fixed samples. However, they lose their fluorescence after heavy fixation, hindering applications such as correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). Here we report engineered variants of the photoconvertible Eos fluorescent protein that fluoresce and photoconvert normally in heavily fixed (0.5-1% OsO4), plastic resin-embedded samples, enabling correlative super-resolution fluorescence imaging and high-quality electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Paez-Segala
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Mei G Sun
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Gleb Shtengel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarada Viswanathan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Michelle A Baird
- 1] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - John J Macklin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Ronak Patel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - John R Allen
- 1] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Howe
- 1] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Harald F Hess
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- 1] National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. [2] Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Loren L Looger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
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32
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Zhao H, Ma J, Ingaramo M, Andrade E, MacDonald J, Ramsay G, Piszczek G, Patterson G, Schuck P. Accounting for Photophysical Processes and Specific Signal Intensity Change in Fluorescence-Detected Sedimentation Velocity Analytical Ultracentrifugation. Biophys J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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33
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Rout AK, Strub MP, Piszczek G, Tjandra N. Structure of transmembrane domain of lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2a (LAMP-2A) reveals key features for substrate specificity in chaperone-mediated autophagy. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35111-23. [PMID: 25342746 PMCID: PMC4271201 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.609446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a highly regulated cellular process that mediates the degradation of a selective subset of cytosolic proteins in lysosomes. Increasing CMA activity is one way for a cell to respond to stress, and it leads to enhanced turnover of non-critical cytosolic proteins into sources of energy or clearance of unwanted or damaged proteins from the cytosol. The lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2a (LAMP-2A) together with a complex of chaperones and co-chaperones are key regulators of CMA. LAMP-2A is a transmembrane protein component for protein translocation to the lysosome. Here we present a study of the structure and dynamics of the transmembrane domain of human LAMP-2A in n-dodecylphosphocholine micelles by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We showed that LAMP-2A exists as a homotrimer in which the membrane-spanning helices wrap around each other to form a parallel coiled coil conformation, whereas its cytosolic tail is flexible and exposed to the cytosol. This cytosolic tail of LAMP-2A interacts with chaperone Hsc70 and a CMA substrate RNase A with comparable affinity but not with Hsp40 and RNase S peptide. Because the substrates and the chaperone complex can bind at the same time, thus creating a bimodal interaction, we propose that substrate recognition by chaperones and targeting to the lysosomal membrane by LAMP-2A are coupled. This can increase substrate affinity and specificity as well as prevent substrate aggregation, assist in the unfolding of the substrate, and promote the formation of the higher order complex of LAMP-2A required for translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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34
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Stevens LA, Barbieri JT, Piszczek G, Otuonye AN, Levine RL, Zheng G, Moss J. Nonenzymatic conversion of ADP-ribosylated arginines to ornithine alters the biological activities of human neutrophil peptide-1. J Immunol 2014; 193:6144-51. [PMID: 25392530 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activated neutrophils, recruited to the airway of diseased lung, release human neutrophil peptides (HNP1-4) that are cytotoxic to airway cells as well as microbes. Airway epithelial cells express arginine-specific ADP ribosyltransferase (ART)-1, a GPI-anchored ART that transfers ADP-ribose from NAD to arginines 14 and 24 of HNP-1. We previously reported that ADP-ribosyl-arginine is converted nonenzymatically to ornithine and that ADP-ribosylated HNP-1 and ADP-ribosyl-HNP-(ornithine) were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, indicating that these reactions occur in vivo. To determine effects of HNP-ornithine on the airway, three analogs of HNP-1, HNP-(R14orn), HNP-(R24orn), and HNP-(R14,24orn), were tested for their activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus; their cytotoxic effects on A549, NCI-H441, small airway epithelial-like cells, and normal human lung fibroblasts; and their ability to stimulate IL-8 and TGF-β1 release from A549 cells, and to serve as ART1 substrates. HNP and the three analogs had similar effects on IL-8 and TGF-β1 release from A549 cells and were all cytotoxic for small airway epithelial cells, NCI-H441, and normal human lung fibroblasts. HNP-(R14,24orn), when compared with HNP-1 and HNP-1 with a single ornithine substitution for arginine 14 or 24, exhibited reduced cytotoxicity, but it enhanced proliferation of A549 cells and had antibacterial activity. Thus, arginines 14 and 24, which can be ADP ribosylated by ART1, are critical to the regulation of the cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of HNP-1. The HNP analog, HNP-(R14,24orn), lacks the epithelial cell cytotoxicity of HNP-1, but partially retains its antibacterial activity and thus may have clinical applications in airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Stevens
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joseph T Barbieri
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amy N Otuonye
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rodney L Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Gang Zheng
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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35
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Zhao H, Ma J, Ingaramo M, Andrade E, MacDonald J, Ramsay G, Piszczek G, Patterson GH, Schuck P. Accounting for photophysical processes and specific signal intensity changes in fluorescence-detected sedimentation velocity. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9286-92. [PMID: 25136929 PMCID: PMC4165462 DOI: 10.1021/ac502478a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Fluorescence detected sedimentation
velocity (FDS-SV) has emerged
as a powerful technique for the study of high-affinity protein interactions,
with hydrodynamic resolution exceeding that of diffusion-based techniques,
and with sufficient sensitivity for binding studies at low picomolar
concentrations. For the detailed quantitative analysis of the observed
sedimentation boundaries, it is necessary to adjust the conventional
sedimentation models to the FDS data structure. A key consideration
is the change in the macromolecular fluorescence intensity during
the course of the experiment, caused by slow drifts of the excitation
laser power, and/or by photophysical processes. In the present work,
we demonstrate that FDS-SV data have inherently a reference for the
time-dependent macromolecular signal intensity, resting on a geometric
link between radial boundary migration and plateau signal. We show
how this new time-domain can be exploited to study molecules exhibiting
photobleaching and photoactivation. This expands the application of
FDS-SV to proteins tagged with photoswitchable fluorescent proteins,
organic dyes, or nanoparticles, such as those recently introduced
for subdiffraction microscopy and enables FDS-SV studies of their
interactions and size distributions. At the same time, we find that
conventional fluorophores undergo minimal photobleaching under standard
illumination in the FDS. These findings support the application of
a high laser power density for the detection, which we demonstrate
can further increase the signal quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Zhao
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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36
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Szyk A, Deaconescu A, Piszczek G, Roll-Mecak A. Tubulin tyrosine ligase - structural and functional studies. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273314095205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are polymers essential for cell morphogenesis, cell division and intracellular transport. This polymer's basic building block is the α/β tubulin heterodimer, which associates head-to-tail and laterally to form the microtubule. Tubulin is subject to diverse, abundant and evolutionarily conserved post-translational modifications that mark subpopulations of microtubules. The highest density and variety of post-translational modifications are found in neurons or cilia. Not surprisingly, tubulin modification enzymes have been linked to human diseases including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. We will present our recent work using a combination of X-ray crystallography, small angle X-ray scattering and functional assays to investigate the mechanism of tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL). TTL catalyzes the ATP-dependent post-translational addition of a tyrosine to the C-terminal end of detyrosinated α-tubulin. The detyrosination/tyrosination cycle regulates recruitment of motors and proteins that track with the growing end of the microtubule. TTL function is essential for neuronal development and reduction in TTL levels is strongly associated with aggressive tumors resistant to chemotherapy. Our first X-ray crystal structure of TTL, defines the structural fold of the TTL-like family of tubulin-modifying enzymes. We show that TTL recognizes tubulin via a dual strategy: it engages the tubulin tail through low-affinity, high-specificity interactions through a conserved positively charged surface, and co-opts what is otherwise a homo-oligomerization interface in structurally related enzymes to form a tight hetero-oligomeric complex with tubulin. TTL forms an elongated complex with the tubulin dimer and prevents incorporation of the dimer into microtubules by capping the tubulin polymerization interface. Interestingly, TTL and stathmin, a ubiquitously expressed tubulin sequestering protein, compete for tubulin binding in vitro and stathmin inhibits tubulin tyrosination. These results suggest that TTL and stathmin have either a partially overlapping footprint on the tubulin dimer or that stathmin induces a tubulin conformation incompatible with stable TTL binding.
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Abstract
Abstract
Absorption, emission and emission anisotropy spectra of 4-cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline (CDMA) and 4-cyano-2,6,N,N-tetramethylaniline (CTMA) were investigated in polyvinyl alcohol) (PVA) films. It was found that the CDMA and CTMA molecules in PVA films at room temperature display phosphorescence, the emission band of which overlaps with the longwave fluorescence band a. The low value of the emission anisotropy shows that in the rigid PVA matrix there are microscopic defects in the form of empty spaces in which a certain fraction of the CDMA or CTMA molecules can attain twisted intramolecular charge-transfer states (TICT) due to rotational relaxation. The emission anisotropies in the shortwave, b, and longwave, a, fluorescence bands of CDMA in propylene glycol were found to be distinctly different, this indicating that the directions of the transition moments are not parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kawski
- Luminescence Research Group, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - G. Piszczek
- Luminescence Research Group, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - B. Kukliński
- Luminescence Research Group, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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38
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Kawski A, Piszczek G. Absorption, Fluorescence and Emission Anisotropy Spectra of 4-Cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline in Different Media and at Different Temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/zna-1997-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of temperature on fluorescence and emission anisotropy spectra of 4-cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline (CDMA) was investigated in viscous (glycerol and paraffin oil) and rigid (polyvinyl alcohol) PVA and polyvinyl chloride) PVC) media. A strong effect of temperature on the intensity of a and b emission bands was observed. It was also found that the emission anisotropy, r, does not vary in the longwave emission band a at a fixed temperature but decreases in the emission band b together with the decreasing wavelength. The latter effect is due to the fact that the transition moment in this band is perpendicular to the long axis of the CDMA molecule. For CDMA in paraffin oil, a normal b band with negative emission anisotropy only occurs. In all other media used, the emission anisotropy has lower values, approaching zero, which results from the considerable covering of band b with a broad emission band a.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kawski
- Luminescence Research Group, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - G. Piszczek
- Luminescence Research Group, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
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39
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Kawski A, Piszczek G, Kukliński B, Nowosielski T. Isomerization of Diphenyl Polyenes. Part VIII. Absorption and Fluorescence Properties of l-Phenyl-4-diphenylthiophosphinyl Butadiene in Poly (vinyl alcohol) Film. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/zna-1994-7-817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of temperature (from 296 to 423 K) upon the absorption and fluorescence of l-phenyl-4-diphenylthiophosphinyl butadiene (PDPB) and of the direct irradiation on the absorbance were investigated in poly(vinyl alcohol) film. It was found that for PDPB in PVA film the transition from cis to trans configuration is only possible as a result of thermal isomerization due to the softening of PVA polymer, whereas photoisomerization results in both cis-to-trans and trans-to-cis transitions. Similar as with 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene in PVA, the luminescence is due to two, trans-trans and cis-trans, PDPB conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kawski
- Luminescence Research Group, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - G. Piszczek
- Luminescence Research Group, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - B. Kukliński
- Luminescence Research Group, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - T. Nowosielski
- Luminescence Research Group, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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40
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Kawski A, Gryczyński Z, Gryczyński I, Lakowicz JR, Piszczek G. Photoselection of Luminescent Molecules in Anisotropic Media in the Case of Two-Photon Excitation. Part II. Experimental Studies of Hoechst 33342 in Stretched Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 51:1037-1041. [PMID: 34012220 DOI: 10.1515/zna-1996-0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It was found by investigating dichroism and emission anisotropy in the case of one-and two-photon excitation of Hoechst 33342 [bis-benzimide,2,5'-bi-1H-benzimidazole, 2'-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-5-5(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)] in stretched poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films, that the absorption and fluorescence transition moments lie along the long molecular axis of the molecule studied. The slight deviation of the transition moment direction in fluorescence (about 8°) from that in absorption can be due to the incomplete linearity of the Hoechst molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kawski
- Luminescence Research Group, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Z Gryczyński
- Center for Fluroescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - I Gryczyński
- Center for Fluroescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - J R Lakowicz
- Center for Fluroescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - G Piszczek
- Luminescence Research Group, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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41
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Liu X, Shu S, Yu S, Lee DY, Piszczek G, Gucek M, Wang G, Korn ED. Biochemical and biological properties of cortexillin III, a component of Dictyostelium DGAP1-cortexillin complexes. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2026-38. [PMID: 24807902 PMCID: PMC4072576 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-08-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortexillin III, a member of the α-actinin/spectrin subfamily of Dictyostelium calponin homology proteins, forms heterodimers with cortexillins I and II that bind to the GAP protein DGAP1 in vivo. Cortexillin III complexes may be negative regulators of cell growth, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis, as all are enhanced in cortexillin III–null cells. Cortexillins I–III are members of the α-actinin/spectrin subfamily of Dictyostelium calponin homology proteins. Unlike recombinant cortexillins I and II, which form homodimers as well as heterodimers in vitro, we find that recombinant cortexillin III is an unstable monomer but forms more stable heterodimers when coexpressed in Escherichia coli with cortexillin I or II. Expressed cortexillin III also forms heterodimers with both cortexillin I and II in vivo, and the heterodimers complex in vivo with DGAP1, a Dictyostelium GAP protein. Binding of cortexillin III to DGAP1 requires the presence of either cortexillin I or II; that is, cortexillin III binds to DGAP1 only as a heterodimer, and the heterodimers form in vivo in the absence of DGAP1. Expressed cortexillin III colocalizes with cortexillins I and II in the cortex of vegetative amoebae, the leading edge of motile cells, and the cleavage furrow of dividing cells. Colocalization of cortexillin III and F-actin may require the heterodimer/DGAP1 complex. Functionally, cortexillin III may be a negative regulator of cell growth, cytokinesis, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis, as all are enhanced in cortexillin III–null cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Shi Shu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Shuhua Yu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Duck-Yeon Lee
- Biochemistry Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Marjan Gucek
- Proteomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Proteomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Edward D Korn
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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42
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Ghirlando R, Zhao H, Balbo A, Piszczek G, Curth U, Brautigam CA, Schuck P. Measurement of the temperature of the resting rotor in analytical ultracentrifugation. Anal Biochem 2014; 458:37-9. [PMID: 24799348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Accurate measurements of rotor temperature are critical for the interpretation of hydrodynamic parameters in analytical ultracentrifugation. We have recently developed methods for a more accurate determination of the temperature of a spinning rotor using iButton temperature loggers. Here we report that the temperature measured with the iButton on the counterbalance of a resting rotor, following thermal equilibration under high vacuum, closely corresponded to the temperature of the spinning rotor with a precision better than 0.2°C. This strategy offers an inexpensive and straightforward approach to monitor the accuracy of the temperature calibration and determine corrective temperature offsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Ghirlando
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Huaying Zhao
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrea Balbo
- Bioengineering and Physical Science Shared Resource, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ute Curth
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Chad A Brautigam
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Peter Schuck
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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43
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Yu X, Strub MP, Barnard TJ, Noinaj N, Piszczek G, Buchanan SK, Taraska JW. An engineered palette of metal ion quenchable fluorescent proteins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95808. [PMID: 24752441 PMCID: PMC3994163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many fluorescent proteins have been created to act as genetically encoded biosensors. With these sensors, changes in fluorescence report on chemical states in living cells. Transition metal ions such as copper, nickel, and zinc are crucial in many physiological and pathophysiological pathways. Here, we engineered a spectral series of optimized transition metal ion-binding fluorescent proteins that respond to metals with large changes in fluorescence intensity. These proteins can act as metal biosensors or imaging probes whose fluorescence can be tuned by metals. Each protein is uniquely modulated by four different metals (Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, and Zn2+). Crystallography revealed the geometry and location of metal binding to the engineered sites. When attached to the extracellular terminal of a membrane protein VAMP2, dimeric pairs of the sensors could be used in cells as ratiometric probes for transition metal ions. Thus, these engineered fluorescent proteins act as sensitive transition metal ion-responsive genetically encoded probes that span the visible spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marie-Paule Strub
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Travis J. Barnard
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Noinaj
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Buchanan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Justin W. Taraska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Piszczek G. The Oligomeric State of Human Alpha-Defensin 1 in Solution. Biophys J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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45
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Zhao H, Ghirlando R, Piszczek G, Curth U, Brautigam CA, Schuck P. Recorded scan times can limit the accuracy of sedimentation coefficients in analytical ultracentrifugation. Anal Biochem 2013; 437:104-8. [PMID: 23458356 PMCID: PMC3676908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We report systematic and large inaccuracies in the recorded elapsed time in data files from the analytical ultracentrifuge, leading to overestimates of the sedimentation coefficients of up to 10%. This far exceeds previously considered factors contributing to the uncertainty in this parameter and has significant ramifications for derived parameters such as hydrodynamic shape and molar mass estimates. The source of this error is currently unknown, but we found it to be quantitatively consistent across different instruments, increasing with rotor speed. Furthermore, its occurrence appears to correlate with the use of the latest data acquisition software from the manufacturer, in use in some of our laboratories for nearly 2 years. Many of the recently published sedimentation coefficients may need to be reexamined. The problem can be easily recognized by comparing the file timestamps provided by the operating system with the elapsed scan times recorded within the data files. Therefore, we implemented a routine in SEDFIT that can automatically examine the data files, alert the user to significant discrepancies, and correct the scan times accordingly. This eliminates errors in the recorded scan times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Zhao
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rodolfo Ghirlando
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ute Curth
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Chad A. Brautigam
- Department of Biophysics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Peter Schuck
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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Szyk A, Piszczek G, Roll-Mecak A. Tubulin tyrosine ligase and stathmin compete for tubulin binding in vitro. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:2412-4. [PMID: 23624152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin partition between soluble and polymeric forms is tightly regulated in cells. Stathmin and tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL) each form stable complexes with tubulin and inhibit tubulin polymerization. Here we explore the mutual relationship between these proteins in vitro and demonstrate that full-length stathmin and TTL compete for binding to tubulin and fail to make a stable tubulin:stathmin:TTL triple complex in solution. Moreover, stathmin depresses TTL tubulin tyrosination activity in vitro. These results suggest either that TTL and stathmin have a partially overlapping footprint on the tubulin dimer or that stathmin induces a tubulin conformation incompatible with stable TTL binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szyk
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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47
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Chen K, Piszczek G, Carter C, Tjandra N. The maturational refolding of the β-hairpin motif of equine infectious anemia virus capsid protein extends its helix α1 at capsid assembly locus. J Biol Chem 2012. [PMID: 23184932 PMCID: PMC3548464 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.425140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A retroviral capsid (CA) protein consists of two helical domains, CAN and CAC, which drive hexamer and dimer formations, respectively, to form a capsid lattice. The N-terminal 13 residues of CA refold to a β-hairpin motif upon processing from its precursor polyprotein Gag. The β-hairpin is essential for correct CA assembly but unexpectedly it is not within any CA oligomeric interfaces. To understand the β-hairpin function we studied the full-length CA protein from equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a lentivirus sharing the same cone-shaped capsid core as HIV-1. Solution NMR spectroscopy is perfectly suited to study EIAV-CA that dimerizes weaker than HIV-1-CA. Comparison between the wild-type (wt) EIAV-CA and a variant lacking the β-hairpin structure demonstrated that folding of the β-hairpin specifically extended the N terminus of helix α1 from Tyr20 to Pro17. This coil to helix transition involves the conserved sequence of Thr16-Pro17-Arg18 (Ser16-Pro17-Arg18 in HIV-1-CA). The extended region of helix α1 constituted an expanded EIAV-CAN oligomeric interface and overlapped with the HIV-1-CA hexamer-core residue Arg18, helical in structure and pivotal in assembly. Therefore we propose the function of the maturational refolding of the β-hairpin in CA assembly is to extend helix α1 at the N terminus to enhance the CAN oligomerization along the capsid assembly core interface. In addition, NMR resonance line broadening indicated the presence of micro-millisecond exchange kinetics due to the EIAV-CAN domain oligomerization, independent to the faster EIAV-CAC domain dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Kormendi V, Szyk A, Piszczek G, Roll-Mecak A. Crystal structures of tubulin acetyltransferase reveal a conserved catalytic core and the plasticity of the essential N terminus. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:41569-75. [PMID: 23105108 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c112.421222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin acetyltransferase (TAT) acetylates Lys-40 of α-tubulin in the microtubule lumen. TAT is inefficient, and its activity is enhanced when tubulin is incorporated in microtubules. Acetylation is associated with stable microtubules and regulates the binding of microtubule motors and associated proteins. TAT is important in neuronal polarity and mechanosensation, and decreased tubulin acetylation levels are associated with axonal transport defects and neurodegeneration. We present the first structure of TAT in complex with acetyl-CoA (Ac-CoA) at 2.7 Å resolution. The structure reveals a conserved stable catalytic core shared with other GCN5 superfamily acetyltransferases consisting of a central β-sheet flanked by α-helices and a C-terminal β-hairpin unique to TAT. Structure-guided mutagenesis establishes the molecular determinants for Ac-CoA and tubulin substrate recognition. The wild-type TAT construct is a monomer in solution. We identify a metastable interface between the conserved core and N-terminal domain that modulates the oligomerization of TAT in solution and is essential for activity. The 2.45 Å resolution structure of an inactive TAT construct with an active site point mutation near this interface reveals a domain-swapped dimer in which the functionally essential N terminus shows evidence of marked structural plasticity. The sequence segment corresponding to this structurally plastic region in TAT has been implicated in substrate recognition in other GCN5 superfamily acetyltransferases. Our structures provide a rational platform for the mechanistic dissection of TAT activity and the design of TAT inhibitors with therapeutic potential in neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilisa Kormendi
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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49
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Lim JC, Gruschus JM, Ghesquière B, Kim G, Piszczek G, Tjandra N, Levine RL. Characterization and solution structure of mouse myristoylated methionine sulfoxide reductase A. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:25589-95. [PMID: 22661718 PMCID: PMC3408158 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.368936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductase A is an essential enzyme in the antioxidant system which scavenges reactive oxygen species through cyclic oxidation and reduction of methionine and methionine sulfoxide. The cytosolic form of the enzyme is myristoylated, but it is not known to translocate to membranes, and the function of myristoylation is not established. We compared the biochemical and biophysical properties of myristoylated and nonmyristoylated mouse methionine sulfoxide reductase A. These were almost identical for both forms of the enzyme, except that the myristoylated form reduced methionine sulfoxide in protein much faster than the nonmyristoylated form. We determined the solution structure of the myristoylated protein and found that the myristoyl group lies in a relatively surface exposed "myristoyl nest." We propose that this structure functions to enhance protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bart Ghesquière
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry
- the Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University and Department for Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8012 and
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50
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Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a powerful classical method that enables researchers in many fields to study the thermodynamics of molecular interactions. Primary ITC data comprise the temporal evolution of differential power reporting the heat of reaction during a series of injections of aliquots of a reactant into a sample cell. By integration of each injection peak, an isotherm can be constructed of total changes in enthalpy as a function of changes in solution composition, which is rich in thermodynamic information on the reaction. However, the signals from the injection peaks are superimposed by the stochastically varying time-course of the instrumental baseline power, limiting the precision of ITC isotherms. Here, we describe a method for automated peak assignment based on peak-shape analysis via singular value decomposition in combination with detailed least-squares modeling of local pre- and postinjection baselines. This approach can effectively filter out contributions of short-term noise and adventitious events in the power trace. This method also provides, for the first time, statistical error estimates for the individual isotherm data points. In turn, this results in improved detection limits for high-affinity or low-enthalpy binding reactions and significantly higher precision of the derived thermodynamic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Keller
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Carolyn Vargas
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Huaying Zhao
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institutes of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S.A
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart Lung Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S.A
| | - Chad A. Brautigam
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, U.S.A
| | - Peter Schuck
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institutes of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S.A
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