1
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Papini C, Ullah I, Ranjan AP, Zhang S, Wu Q, Spasov KA, Zhang C, Mothes W, Crawford JM, Lindenbach BD, Uchil PD, Kumar P, Jorgensen WL, Anderson KS. Proof-of-concept studies with a computationally designed M pro inhibitor as a synergistic combination regimen alternative to Paxlovid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320713121. [PMID: 38621119 PMCID: PMC11046628 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320713121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
As the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to spread and mutate, it remains important to focus not only on preventing spread through vaccination but also on treating infection with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). The approval of Paxlovid, a SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) DAA, has been significant for treatment of patients. A limitation of this DAA, however, is that the antiviral component, nirmatrelvir, is rapidly metabolized and requires inclusion of a CYP450 3A4 metabolic inhibitor, ritonavir, to boost levels of the active drug. Serious drug-drug interactions can occur with Paxlovid for patients who are also taking other medications metabolized by CYP4503A4, particularly transplant or otherwise immunocompromised patients who are most at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe symptoms. Developing an alternative antiviral with improved pharmacological properties is critical for treatment of these patients. By using a computational and structure-guided approach, we were able to optimize a 100 to 250 μM screening hit to a potent nanomolar inhibitor and lead compound, Mpro61. In this study, we further evaluate Mpro61 as a lead compound, starting with examination of its mode of binding to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. In vitro pharmacological profiling established a lack of off-target effects, particularly CYP450 3A4 inhibition, as well as potential for synergy with the currently approved alternate antiviral, molnupiravir. Development and subsequent testing of a capsule formulation for oral dosing of Mpro61 in B6-K18-hACE2 mice demonstrated favorable pharmacological properties, efficacy, and synergy with molnupiravir, and complete recovery from subsequent challenge by SARS-CoV-2, establishing Mpro61 as a promising potential preclinical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Papini
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520-8066
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520-8066
| | - Amalendu P. Ranjan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX76107
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520-8066
| | - Qihao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520-8107
| | - Krasimir A. Spasov
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520-8066
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520-8107
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520-8066
| | | | - Brett D. Lindenbach
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520-8066
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520-8066
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520-8066
| | | | - Karen S. Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520-8066
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520-8066
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2
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Ullah I, Escudie F, Scandale I, Gilani Z, Gendron-Lepage G, Gaudette F, Mowbray C, Fraisse L, Bazin R, Finzi A, Mothes W, Kumar P, Chatelain E, Uchil PD. Bioluminescence imaging reveals enhanced SARS-CoV-2 clearance in mice with combinatorial regimens. iScience 2024; 27:109049. [PMID: 38361624 PMCID: PMC10867665 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) represent critical tools for combating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) that have escaped vaccine-elicited spike-based immunity and future coronaviruses with pandemic potential. Here, we used bioluminescence imaging to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of DAAs that target SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (favipiravir, molnupiravir) or main protease (nirmatrelvir) against Delta or Omicron VOCs in K18-hACE2 mice. Nirmatrelvir displayed the best efficacy followed by molnupiravir and favipiravir in suppressing viral loads in the lung. Unlike neutralizing antibody treatment, DAA monotherapy regimens did not eradicate SARS-CoV-2 in mice, but combining molnupiravir with nirmatrelvir exhibited superior additive efficacy and led to virus clearance. Furthermore, combining molnupiravir with caspase-1/4 inhibitor mitigated inflammation and lung pathology whereas combining molnupiravir with COVID-19 convalescent plasma demonstrated synergy, rapid virus clearance, and 100% survival. Thus, our study provides insights into in vivo treatment efficacies of DAAs and other effective combinations to bolster COVID-19 therapeutic arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fanny Escudie
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Scandale
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zoela Gilani
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Fleur Gaudette
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Charles Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Fraisse
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Renée Bazin
- Hema-Quebec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada
- Departement de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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3
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Li W, Qin Z, Nand E, Grunst MW, Grover JR, Bess JW, Lifson JD, Zwick MB, Tagare HD, Uchil PD, Mothes W. HIV-1 Env trimers asymmetrically engage CD4 receptors in membranes. Nature 2023; 623:1026-1033. [PMID: 37993716 PMCID: PMC10686830 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is initiated by binding of the viral envelope glycoprotein (Env) to the cell-surface receptor CD41-4. Although high-resolution structures of Env in a complex with the soluble domains of CD4 have been determined, the binding process is less understood in native membranes5-13. Here we used cryo-electron tomography to monitor Env-CD4 interactions at the membrane-membrane interfaces formed between HIV-1 and CD4-presenting virus-like particles. Env-CD4 complexes organized into clusters and rings, bringing the opposing membranes closer together. Env-CD4 clustering was dependent on capsid maturation. Subtomogram averaging and classification revealed that Env bound to one, two and finally three CD4 molecules, after which Env adopted an open state. Our data indicate that asymmetric HIV-1 Env trimers bound to one and two CD4 molecules are detectable intermediates during virus binding to host cell membranes, which probably has consequences for antibody-mediated immune responses and vaccine immunogen design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Li
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Zhuan Qin
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nand
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael W Grunst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan R Grover
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julian W Bess
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael B Zwick
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hemant D Tagare
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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4
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Grandi A, Tomasi M, Ullah I, Bertelli C, Vanzo T, Accordini S, Gagliardi A, Zanella I, Benedet M, Corbellari R, Di Lascio G, Tamburini S, Caproni E, Croia L, Ravà M, Fumagalli V, Di Lucia P, Marotta D, Sala E, Iannacone M, Kumar P, Mothes W, Uchil PD, Cherepanov P, Bolognesi M, Pizzato M, Grandi G. Immunogenicity and Pre-Clinical Efficacy of an OMV-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1546. [PMID: 37896949 PMCID: PMC10610814 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV-2 relies on the world-wide availability of effective vaccines, with a potential need of 20 billion vaccine doses to fully vaccinate the world population. To reach this goal, the manufacturing and logistic processes should be affordable to all countries, irrespective of economical and climatic conditions. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are bacterial-derived vesicles that can be engineered to incorporate heterologous antigens. Given the inherent adjuvanticity, such modified OMVs can be used as vaccines to induce potent immune responses against the associated proteins. Here, we show that OMVs engineered to incorporate peptides derived from the receptor binding motif (RBM) of the spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 elicit an effective immune response in vaccinated mice, resulting in the production of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) with a titre higher than 1:300. The immunity induced by the vaccine is sufficient to protect the animals from intranasal challenge with SARS-CoV-2, preventing both virus replication in the lungs and the pathology associated with virus infection. Furthermore, we show that OMVs can be effectively decorated with the RBM of the Omicron BA.1 variant and that such engineered OMVs induce nAbs against Omicron BA.1 and BA.5, as measured using the pseudovirus neutralization infectivity assay. Importantly, we show that the RBM438-509 ancestral-OMVs elicited antibodies which efficiently neutralize in vitro both the homologous ancestral strain, the Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants with a neutralization titre ranging from 1:100 to 1:1500, suggesting its potential use as a vaccine targeting diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants. Altogether, given the convenience associated with the ease of engineering, production and distribution, our results demonstrate that OMV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can be a crucial addition to the vaccines currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Grandi
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.G.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (E.C.)
- BiOMViS Srl, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Tomasi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (C.B.); (T.V.); (S.A.); (I.Z.); (R.C.); (S.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (I.U.); (W.M.); (P.D.U.)
| | - Cinzia Bertelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (C.B.); (T.V.); (S.A.); (I.Z.); (R.C.); (S.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Teresa Vanzo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (C.B.); (T.V.); (S.A.); (I.Z.); (R.C.); (S.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Silvia Accordini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (C.B.); (T.V.); (S.A.); (I.Z.); (R.C.); (S.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Assunta Gagliardi
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.G.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Ilaria Zanella
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (C.B.); (T.V.); (S.A.); (I.Z.); (R.C.); (S.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Mattia Benedet
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.G.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Riccardo Corbellari
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (C.B.); (T.V.); (S.A.); (I.Z.); (R.C.); (S.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Gabriele Di Lascio
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.G.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Silvia Tamburini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (C.B.); (T.V.); (S.A.); (I.Z.); (R.C.); (S.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Elena Caproni
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.G.); (A.G.); (M.B.); (G.D.L.); (E.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Croia
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (C.B.); (T.V.); (S.A.); (I.Z.); (R.C.); (S.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Micol Ravà
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (V.F.); (P.D.L.); (D.M.); (E.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (V.F.); (P.D.L.); (D.M.); (E.S.); (M.I.)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 00132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Lucia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (V.F.); (P.D.L.); (D.M.); (E.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Davide Marotta
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (V.F.); (P.D.L.); (D.M.); (E.S.); (M.I.)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 00132 Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sala
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (V.F.); (P.D.L.); (D.M.); (E.S.); (M.I.)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 00132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.R.); (V.F.); (P.D.L.); (D.M.); (E.S.); (M.I.)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 00132 Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Walther Mothes
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (I.U.); (W.M.); (P.D.U.)
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (I.U.); (W.M.); (P.D.U.)
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK;
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Biosciences Department, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Massimo Pizzato
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (C.B.); (T.V.); (S.A.); (I.Z.); (R.C.); (S.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Guido Grandi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (C.B.); (T.V.); (S.A.); (I.Z.); (R.C.); (S.T.); (L.C.)
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5
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Leonhardt SA, Purdy MD, Grover JR, Yang Z, Poulos S, McIntire WE, Tatham EA, Erramilli SK, Nosol K, Lai KK, Ding S, Lu M, Uchil PD, Finzi A, Rein A, Kossiakoff AA, Mothes W, Yeager M. Antiviral HIV-1 SERINC restriction factors disrupt virus membrane asymmetry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4368. [PMID: 37474505 PMCID: PMC10359404 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The host proteins SERINC3 and SERINC5 are HIV-1 restriction factors that reduce infectivity when incorporated into the viral envelope. The HIV-1 accessory protein Nef abrogates incorporation of SERINCs via binding to intracellular loop 4 (ICL4). Here, we determine cryoEM maps of full-length human SERINC3 and an ICL4 deletion construct, which reveal that hSERINC3 is comprised of two α-helical bundles connected by a ~ 40-residue, highly tilted, "crossmember" helix. The design resembles non-ATP-dependent lipid transporters. Consistently, purified hSERINCs reconstituted into proteoliposomes induce flipping of phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Furthermore, SERINC3, SERINC5 and the scramblase TMEM16F expose PS on the surface of HIV-1 and reduce infectivity, with similar results in MLV. SERINC effects in HIV-1 and MLV are counteracted by Nef and GlycoGag, respectively. Our results demonstrate that SERINCs are membrane transporters that flip lipids, resulting in a loss of membrane asymmetry that is strongly correlated with changes in Env conformation and loss of infectivity.
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Grants
- P01 AI150471 NIAID NIH HHS
- P41 GM103311 NIGMS NIH HHS
- G20 RR031199 NCRR NIH HHS
- R01 GM117372 NIGMS NIH HHS
- U54 AI170856 NIAID NIH HHS
- S10 OD018149 NIH HHS
- U24 GM129539 NIGMS NIH HHS
- S10 RR025067 NCRR NIH HHS
- This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants P50 AI15046 and U54 AI170856-01 (M.Y., W.M. and A.K.K.), R01 AI154092 (M.Y.), R01 GM117372 (A.A.K.) and P01 AI150471 (W.M.)., by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, and in part by the NIH Intramural AIDS Targeted Antiviral Program. S.D. and A.F. were supported by the CIHR grant 352417 and a Canada Research Chair. Some molecular graphics and analyses were performed with the University of California, San Francisco Chimera package. Chimera is developed by the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, San Francisco (supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences Grant P41 GM103311).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Leonhardt
- The Phillip and Patricia Frost Institute for Chemistry and Molecular Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Michael D Purdy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Molecular Electron Microscopy Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jonathan R Grover
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ziwei Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Sandra Poulos
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - William E McIntire
- The Phillip and Patricia Frost Institute for Chemistry and Molecular Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Tatham
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Satchal K Erramilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kamil Nosol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kin Kui Lai
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, P.O. Box B, Building 535, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maolin Lu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan Rein
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, P.O. Box B, Building 535, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Anthony A Kossiakoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Mark Yeager
- The Phillip and Patricia Frost Institute for Chemistry and Molecular Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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6
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Xu D, Jiang W, Wu L, Gaudet RG, Park ES, Su M, Cheppali SK, Cheemarla NR, Kumar P, Uchil PD, Grover JR, Foxman EF, Brown CM, Stansfeld PJ, Bewersdorf J, Mothes W, Karatekin E, Wilen CB, MacMicking JD. PLSCR1 is a cell-autonomous defence factor against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nature 2023; 619:819-827. [PMID: 37438530 PMCID: PMC10371867 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding protective immunity to COVID-19 facilitates preparedness for future pandemics and combats new SARS-CoV-2 variants emerging in the human population. Neutralizing antibodies have been widely studied; however, on the basis of large-scale exome sequencing of protected versus severely ill patients with COVID-19, local cell-autonomous defence is also crucial1-4. Here we identify phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) as a potent cell-autonomous restriction factor against live SARS-CoV-2 infection in parallel genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens of human lung epithelia and hepatocytes before and after stimulation with interferon-γ (IFNγ). IFNγ-induced PLSCR1 not only restricted SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020, but was also effective against the Delta B.1.617.2 and Omicron BA.1 lineages. Its robust activity extended to other highly pathogenic coronaviruses, was functionally conserved in bats and mice, and interfered with the uptake of SARS-CoV-2 in both the endocytic and the TMPRSS2-dependent fusion routes. Whole-cell 4Pi single-molecule switching nanoscopy together with bipartite nano-reporter assays found that PLSCR1 directly targeted SARS-CoV-2-containing vesicles to prevent spike-mediated fusion and viral escape. A PLSCR1 C-terminal β-barrel domain-but not lipid scramblase activity-was essential for this fusogenic blockade. Our mechanistic studies, together with reports that COVID-associated PLSCR1 mutations are found in some susceptible people3,4, identify an anti-coronavirus protein that interferes at a late entry step before viral RNA is released into the host-cell cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijin Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weiqian Jiang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lizhen Wu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ryan G Gaudet
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eui-Soon Park
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maohan Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sudheer Kumar Cheppali
- Yale Nanobiology Institute, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nagarjuna R Cheemarla
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan R Grover
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ellen F Foxman
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chelsea M Brown
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Phillip J Stansfeld
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Joerg Bewersdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erdem Karatekin
- Yale Nanobiology Institute, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Université de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8003, Paris, France
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John D MacMicking
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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7
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Ullah I, Escudie F, Scandale I, Gilani Z, Gendron-Lepage G, Gaudette F, Mowbray C, Fraisse L, Bazin R, Finzi A, Mothes W, Kumar P, Chatelain E, Uchil PD. Combinatorial Regimens Augment Drug Monotherapy for SARS-CoV-2 Clearance in Mice. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.31.543159. [PMID: 37398307 PMCID: PMC10312581 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.543159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) represent critical tools for combating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) that evolve to escape spike-based immunity and future coronaviruses with pandemic potential. Here, we used bioluminescence imaging to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of DAAs that target SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (favipiravir, molnupiravir) or Main protease (nirmatrelvir) against Delta or Omicron VOCs in K18-hACE2 mice. Nirmatrelvir displayed the best efficacy followed by molnupiravir and favipiravir in suppressing viral loads in the lung. Unlike neutralizing antibody treatment, DAA monotherapy did not eliminate SARS-CoV-2 in mice. However, targeting two viral enzymes by combining molnupiravir with nirmatrelvir resulted in superior efficacy and virus clearance. Furthermore, combining molnupiravir with Caspase-1/4 inhibitor mitigated inflammation and lung pathology whereas combining molnupiravir with COVID-19 convalescent plasma yielded rapid virus clearance and 100% survival. Thus, our study provides insights into treatment efficacies of DAAs and other effective combinations to bolster COVID-19 therapeutic arsenal.
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8
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Grandi A, Tomasi M, Ullah I, Bertelli C, Vanzo T, Accordini S, Gagliardi A, Zanella I, Benedet M, Corbellari R, Lascio GD, Tamburini S, Caproni E, Croia L, Ravà M, Fumagalli V, Lucia PD, Marotta D, Sala E, Iannacone M, Kumar P, Mothes W, Uchil PD, Cherepanov P, Bolognesi M, Pizzato M, Grandi G. Immunogenicity and pre-clinical efficacy of an OMV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2788726. [PMID: 37292970 PMCID: PMC10246226 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2788726/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV-2 relies on the world-wide availability of effective vaccines, with a potential need of 20 billion vaccine doses to fully vaccinate the world population. To reach this goal, the manufacturing and logistic processes should be affordable to all countries, irrespectively of economical and climatic conditions. Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are bacterial-derived vesicles that can be engineered to incorporate heterologous antigens. Given the inherent adjuvanticity, such modified OMV can be used as vaccine to induce potent immune responses against the associated protein. Here we show that OMVs engineered to incorporate peptides derived from the receptor binding motif (RBM) of the spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 elicit an effective immune response in vaccinated mice, resulting in the production of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). The immunity induced by the vaccine is sufficient to protect the animals from intranasal challenge with SARS-CoV-2, preventing both virus replication in the lungs and the pathology associated with virus infection. Furthermore, we show that OMVs can be effectively decorated with the RBM of the Omicron BA.1 variant and that such engineered OMVs induced nAbs against Omicron BA.1 and BA.5, as judged by pseudovirus infectivity assay. Importantly, we show that the RBM438-509 ancestral-OMVs elicited antibodies which efficiently neutralized in vitro both the homologous ancestral strain, the Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants, suggesting its potential use as a pan SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Altogether, given the convenience associated with ease of engineering, production and distribution, our results demonstrate that OMV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can be a crucial addition to the vaccines currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Grandi
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
- BiOMViS Srl, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena Italy
| | - Michele Tomasi
- University of Trento, CIBIO Department, Via Sommarive 9, 28123, Trento Italy
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Cinzia Bertelli
- University of Trento, CIBIO Department, Via Sommarive 9, 28123, Trento Italy
| | - Teresa Vanzo
- University of Trento, CIBIO Department, Via Sommarive 9, 28123, Trento Italy
| | - Silvia Accordini
- University of Trento, CIBIO Department, Via Sommarive 9, 28123, Trento Italy
| | - Assunta Gagliardi
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanella
- University of Trento, CIBIO Department, Via Sommarive 9, 28123, Trento Italy
| | - Mattia Benedet
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Corbellari
- University of Trento, CIBIO Department, Via Sommarive 9, 28123, Trento Italy
| | | | - Silvia Tamburini
- University of Trento, CIBIO Department, Via Sommarive 9, 28123, Trento Italy
| | - Elena Caproni
- Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Croia
- University of Trento, CIBIO Department, Via Sommarive 9, 28123, Trento Italy
| | - Micol Ravà
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Fumagalli
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Lucia
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Marotta
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sala
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Experimental Imaging Center, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- The Francis Crick Institute, Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, London, UK
| | | | - Massimo Pizzato
- University of Trento, CIBIO Department, Via Sommarive 9, 28123, Trento Italy
| | - Guido Grandi
- University of Trento, CIBIO Department, Via Sommarive 9, 28123, Trento Italy
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9
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Lorenzo MM, Marín-López A, Chiem K, Jimenez-Cabello L, Ullah I, Utrilla-Trigo S, Calvo-Pinilla E, Lorenzo G, Moreno S, Ye C, Park JG, Matía A, Brun A, Sánchez-Puig JM, Nogales A, Mothes W, Uchil PD, Kumar P, Ortego J, Fikrig E, Martinez-Sobrido L, Blasco R. Vaccinia Virus Strain MVA Expressing a Prefusion-Stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Induces Robust Protection and Prevents Brain Infection in Mouse and Hamster Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1006. [PMID: 37243110 PMCID: PMC10220993 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11051006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of swift responses and the necessity of dependable technologies for vaccine development. Our team previously developed a fast cloning system for the modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccine platform. In this study, we reported on the construction and preclinical testing of a recombinant MVA vaccine obtained using this system. We obtained recombinant MVA expressing the unmodified full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein containing the D614G amino-acid substitution (MVA-Sdg) and a version expressing a modified S protein containing amino-acid substitutions designed to stabilize the protein a in a pre-fusion conformation (MVA-Spf). S protein expressed by MVA-Sdg was found to be expressed and was correctly processed and transported to the cell surface, where it efficiently produced cell-cell fusion. Version Spf, however, was not proteolytically processed, and despite being transported to the plasma membrane, it failed to induce cell-cell fusion. We assessed both vaccine candidates in prime-boost regimens in the susceptible transgenic K18-human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (K18-hACE2) in mice and in golden Syrian hamsters. Robust immunity and protection from disease was induced with either vaccine in both animal models. Remarkably, the MVA-Spf vaccine candidate produced higher levels of antibodies, a stronger T cell response, and a higher degree of protection from challenge. In addition, the level of SARS-CoV-2 in the brain of MVA-Spf inoculated mice was decreased to undetectable levels. Those results add to our current experience and range of vaccine vectors and technologies for developing a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M. Lorenzo
- Departamento de Biotecnología, INIA CSIC, Carretera La Coruña km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.L.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (J.M.S.-P.)
| | - Alejandro Marín-López
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (A.M.-L.); (I.U.); (E.F.)
| | - Kevin Chiem
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (K.C.); (C.Y.); (J.-G.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Luis Jimenez-Cabello
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA CSIC, Carretera Valdeolmos a El Casar, Valdeolmos, E-28130 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (S.U.-T.); (E.C.-P.); (G.L.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (J.O.)
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (A.M.-L.); (I.U.); (E.F.)
| | - Sergio Utrilla-Trigo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA CSIC, Carretera Valdeolmos a El Casar, Valdeolmos, E-28130 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (S.U.-T.); (E.C.-P.); (G.L.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (J.O.)
| | - Eva Calvo-Pinilla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA CSIC, Carretera Valdeolmos a El Casar, Valdeolmos, E-28130 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (S.U.-T.); (E.C.-P.); (G.L.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (J.O.)
| | - Gema Lorenzo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA CSIC, Carretera Valdeolmos a El Casar, Valdeolmos, E-28130 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (S.U.-T.); (E.C.-P.); (G.L.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (J.O.)
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Departamento de Biotecnología, INIA CSIC, Carretera La Coruña km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.L.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (J.M.S.-P.)
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA CSIC, Carretera Valdeolmos a El Casar, Valdeolmos, E-28130 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (S.U.-T.); (E.C.-P.); (G.L.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (J.O.)
| | - Chengjin Ye
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (K.C.); (C.Y.); (J.-G.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Jun-Gyu Park
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (K.C.); (C.Y.); (J.-G.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Alejandro Matía
- Departamento de Biotecnología, INIA CSIC, Carretera La Coruña km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.L.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (J.M.S.-P.)
| | - Alejandro Brun
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA CSIC, Carretera Valdeolmos a El Casar, Valdeolmos, E-28130 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (S.U.-T.); (E.C.-P.); (G.L.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (J.O.)
| | - Juana M. Sánchez-Puig
- Departamento de Biotecnología, INIA CSIC, Carretera La Coruña km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.L.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (J.M.S.-P.)
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA CSIC, Carretera Valdeolmos a El Casar, Valdeolmos, E-28130 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (S.U.-T.); (E.C.-P.); (G.L.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (J.O.)
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (W.M.); (P.D.U.)
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (W.M.); (P.D.U.)
| | - Priti Kumar
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (K.C.); (C.Y.); (J.-G.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Javier Ortego
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA CSIC, Carretera Valdeolmos a El Casar, Valdeolmos, E-28130 Madrid, Spain; (L.J.-C.); (S.U.-T.); (E.C.-P.); (G.L.); (A.B.); (A.N.); (J.O.)
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (A.M.-L.); (I.U.); (E.F.)
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (K.C.); (C.Y.); (J.-G.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Rafael Blasco
- Departamento de Biotecnología, INIA CSIC, Carretera La Coruña km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.L.); (S.M.); (A.M.); (J.M.S.-P.)
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10
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Chen Y, Prévost J, Ullah I, Romero H, Lisi V, Tolbert WD, Grover JR, Ding S, Gong SY, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Gasser R, Benlarbi M, Vézina D, Anand SP, Chatterjee D, Goyette G, Grunst MW, Yang Z, Bo Y, Zhou F, Béland K, Bai X, Zeher AR, Huang RK, Nguyen DN, Sherburn R, Wu D, Piszczek G, Paré B, Matthies D, Xia D, Richard J, Kumar P, Mothes W, Côté M, Uchil PD, Lavallée VP, Smith MA, Pazgier M, Haddad E, Finzi A. Molecular basis for antiviral activity of two pediatric neutralizing antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD. iScience 2023; 26:105783. [PMID: 36514310 PMCID: PMC9733284 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) hold great promise for clinical interventions against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Understanding NAb epitope-dependent antiviral mechanisms is crucial for developing vaccines and therapeutics against VOCs. Here we characterized two potent NAbs, EH3 and EH8, isolated from an unvaccinated pediatric patient with exceptional plasma neutralization activity. EH3 and EH8 cross-neutralize the early VOCs and mediate strong Fc-dependent effector activity in vitro. Structural analyses of EH3 and EH8 in complex with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) revealed the molecular determinants of the epitope-driven protection and VOC evasion. While EH3 represents the prevalent IGHV3-53 NAb whose epitope substantially overlaps with the ACE2 binding site, EH8 recognizes a narrow epitope exposed in both RBD-up and RBD-down conformations. When tested in vivo, a single-dose prophylactic administration of EH3 fully protected stringent K18-hACE2 mice from lethal challenge with Delta VOC. Our study demonstrates that protective NAbs responses converge in pediatric and adult SARS-CoV-2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hugo Romero
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Veronique Lisi
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Grover
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shang Yu Gong
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Dani Vézina
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael W. Grunst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ziwei Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yuxia Bo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Fei Zhou
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kathie Béland
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Xiaoyun Bai
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Allison R. Zeher
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rick K. Huang
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dung N. Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Rebekah Sherburn
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bastien Paré
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Doreen Matthies
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Di Xia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Martin A. Smith
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Elie Haddad
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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11
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Ullah I, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Symmes K, Cloutier M, Ducas E, Tauzin A, Laumaea A, Grunst MW, Dionne K, Richard J, Bégin P, Mothes W, Kumar P, Bazin R, Finzi A, Uchil PD. The Fc-effector function of COVID-19 convalescent plasma contributes to SARS-CoV-2 treatment efficacy in mice. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100893. [PMID: 36584683 PMCID: PMC9799175 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 convalescent plasmas (CCPs) are chosen for plasma therapy based on neutralizing titers and anti-Spike immunoglobulin levels. However, CCP characteristics that promote SARS-CoV-2 control are complex and incompletely defined. Using an in vivo imaging approach, we demonstrate that CCPs with low neutralizing (ID50 ≤ 1:250), but moderate to high Fc-effector activity, in contrast to those with poor Fc function, delay mortality and/or improve survival of SARS-CoV-2-challenged K18-hACE2 mice. The impact of innate immune cells on CCP efficacy depended on their residual neutralizing activity. Fractionation of a selected CCP revealed that IgG and Ig(M + A) were required during therapy, but the IgG fraction alone sufficed during prophylaxis. Finally, despite reduced neutralization, ancestral SARS-CoV-2-elicited CCPs significantly delayed Delta and Beta-induced mortality suggesting that Fc-effector functions contribute to immunity against VOCs. Thus, Fc activity of CCPs provide a second line of defense when neutralization is compromised and can serve as an important criterion for CCP selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Kelly Symmes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marc Cloutier
- Hema-Quebec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Eric Ducas
- Hema-Quebec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Alexandra Tauzin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Annemarie Laumaea
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Michael W Grunst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Katrina Dionne
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Philippe Bégin
- Section of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Médicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Renée Bazin
- Hema-Quebec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC G1V 5C3, Canada.
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X0A9, Canada.
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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12
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Chen Y, Sun L, Ullah I, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Anand SP, Hederman AP, Tolbert WD, Sherburn R, Nguyen DN, Marchitto L, Ding S, Wu D, Luo Y, Gottumukkala S, Moran S, Kumar P, Piszczek G, Mothes W, Ackerman ME, Finzi A, Uchil PD, Gonzalez FJ, Pazgier M. Engineered ACE2-Fc counters murine lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection through direct neutralization and Fc-effector activities. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn4188. [PMID: 35857504 PMCID: PMC9278865 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) constitutes an attractive antiviral capable of targeting a wide range of coronaviruses using ACE2 as their receptor. Using structure-guided approaches, we developed a series of bivalent ACE2-Fcs harboring functionally and structurally validated mutations that enhance severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor binding domain recognition by up to ~12-fold and remove angiotensin enzymatic activity. The lead variant M81 potently cross-neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including Omicron, at subnanomolar half-maximal inhibitory concentration and was capable of robust Fc-effector functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, and complement deposition. When tested in a stringent K18-hACE2 mouse model, Fc-enhanced ACE2-Fc delayed death by 3 to 5 days or effectively resolved lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings via the combined effects of neutralization and Fc-effector functions. These data add to the demonstrated utility of soluble ACE2 as a valuable SARS-CoV-2 antiviral and indicate that Fc-effector functions may constitute an important component of ACE2-Fc therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Rebekah Sherburn
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Dung N. Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Lorie Marchitto
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Suneetha Gottumukkala
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Sean Moran
- Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Priti Kumar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
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13
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Ding S, Ullah I, Gong SY, Grover JR, Mohammadi M, Chen Y, Vézina D, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Verma VT, Goyette G, Gaudette F, Richard J, Yang D, Smith AB, Pazgier M, Côté M, Abrams C, Kumar P, Mothes W, Uchil PD, Finzi A, Baron C. VE607 stabilizes SARS-CoV-2 Spike in the "RBD-up" conformation and inhibits viral entry. iScience 2022; 25:104528. [PMID: 35677392 PMCID: PMC9164512 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection of host cells starts by binding the Spike glycoprotein (S) to the ACE2 receptor. The S-ACE2 interaction is a potential target for therapies against COVID-19 as demonstrated by the development of immunotherapies blocking this interaction. VE607 - a commercially available compound composed of three stereoisomers - was described as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-1. Here, we show that VE607 broadly inhibits pseudoviral particles bearing the Spike from major VOCs (D614G, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron - BA.1, and BA.2) as well as authentic SARS-CoV-2 at low micromolar concentrations. In silico docking, mutational analysis, and smFRET revealed that VE607 binds to the receptor binding domain (RBD)-ACE2 interface and stabilizes RBD in its "up" conformation. Prophylactic treatment with VE607 did not prevent SARS-CoV-2-induced mortality in K18-hACE2 mice, but it did reduce viral replication in the lungs by 37-fold. Thus, VE607 is an interesting lead for drug development for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Ding
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shang Yu Gong
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan R. Grover
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mohammadjavad Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Dani Vézina
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vijay Tailor Verma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Derek Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Cameron Abrams
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Corresponding author
| | - Christian Baron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Corresponding author
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14
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Beaudoin-Bussières G, Chen Y, Ullah I, Prévost J, Tolbert WD, Symmes K, Ding S, Benlarbi M, Gong SY, Tauzin A, Gasser R, Chatterjee D, Vézina D, Goyette G, Richard J, Zhou F, Stamatatos L, McGuire AT, Charest H, Roger M, Pozharski E, Kumar P, Mothes W, Uchil PD, Pazgier M, Finzi A. A Fc-enhanced NTD-binding non-neutralizing antibody delays virus spread and synergizes with a nAb to protect mice from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110368. [PMID: 35123652 PMCID: PMC8786652 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that both neutralizing and Fc-mediated effector functions of antibodies contribute to protection against SARS-CoV-2. It is unclear whether Fc-effector functions alone can protect against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we isolated CV3-13, a non-neutralizing antibody, from a convalescent individual with potent Fc-mediated effector functions. The cryoelectron microscopy structure of CV3-13 in complex with the SARS-CoV-2 spike reveals that the antibody binds from a distinct angle of approach to an N-terminal domain (NTD) epitope that only partially overlaps with the NTD supersite recognized by neutralizing antibodies. CV3-13 does not alter the replication dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in K18-hACE2 mice, but its Fc-enhanced version significantly delays virus spread, neuroinvasion, and death in prophylactic settings. Interestingly, the combination of Fc-enhanced non-neutralizing CV3-13 with Fc-compromised neutralizing CV3-25 completely protects mice from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Altogether, our data demonstrate that efficient Fc-mediated effector functions can potently contribute to the in vivo efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - William D Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Kelly Symmes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shang Yu Gong
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Tauzin
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Dani Vézina
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Fei Zhou
- Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Unit on Structural Biology, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew T McGuire
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hughes Charest
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3R5, Canada
| | - Michel Roger
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3R5, Canada
| | - Edwin Pozharski
- University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA.
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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15
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Abstract
It is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 VOCs differentially escape Fc effector functions of antibodies in addition to neutralization. In this issue of Cell Reports Medicine, Richardson et al.1 show that VOCs differ both in their ability to evade as well as elicit cross-reactive Fc-effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Grunst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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16
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Li W, Chen Y, Prévost J, Ullah I, Lu M, Gong SY, Tauzin A, Gasser R, Vézina D, Anand SP, Goyette G, Chaterjee D, Ding S, Tolbert WD, Grunst MW, Bo Y, Zhang S, Richard J, Zhou F, Huang RK, Esser L, Zeher A, Côté M, Kumar P, Sodroski J, Xia D, Uchil PD, Pazgier M, Finzi A, Mothes W. Structural basis and mode of action for two broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants of concern. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110210. [PMID: 34971573 PMCID: PMC8673750 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging variants of concern for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can transmit more efficiently and partially evade protective immune responses, thus necessitating continued refinement of antibody therapies and immunogen design. Here, we elucidate the structural basis and mode of action for two potent SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, CV3-1 and CV3-25, which remain effective against emerging variants of concern in vitro and in vivo. CV3-1 binds to the (485-GFN-487) loop within the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the "RBD-up" position and triggers potent shedding of the S1 subunit. In contrast, CV3-25 inhibits membrane fusion by binding to an epitope in the stem helix region of the S2 subunit that is highly conserved among β-coronaviruses. Thus, vaccine immunogen designs that incorporate the conserved regions in the RBD and stem helix region are candidates to elicit pan-coronavirus protective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Li
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Maolin Lu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shang Yu Gong
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Tauzin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Dani Vézina
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | | | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - William D Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Michael W Grunst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yuxia Bo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Shijian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Fei Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rick K Huang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lothar Esser
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Allison Zeher
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Di Xia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA.
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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17
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Chen Y, Sun L, Ullah I, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Anand SP, Hederman AP, Tolbert WD, Sherburn R, Nguyen DN, Marchitto L, Ding S, Wu D, Luo Y, Gottumukkala S, Moran S, Kumar P, Piszczek G, Mothes W, Ackerman ME, Finzi A, Uchil PD, Gonzalez FJ, Pazgier M. Engineered ACE2-Fc counters murine lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection through direct neutralization and Fc-effector activities. bioRxiv 2021:2021.11.24.469776. [PMID: 34845451 PMCID: PMC8629194 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.24.469776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Soluble Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) constitutes an attractive antiviral capable of targeting a wide range of coronaviruses utilizing ACE2 as their receptor. Here, using structure-guided approaches, we developed divalent ACE2 molecules by grafting the extracellular ACE2-domain onto a human IgG1 or IgG3 (ACE2-Fc). These ACE2-Fcs harbor structurally validated mutations that enhance spike (S) binding and remove angiotensin enzymatic activity. The lead variant bound tightly to S, mediated in vitro neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) with sub-nanomolar IC 50 and was capable of robust Fc-effector functions, including antibody-dependent-cellular cytotoxicity, phagocytosis and complement deposition. When tested in a stringent K18-hACE2 mouse model, it delayed death or effectively resolved lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection in a prophylactic or therapeutic setting utilizing the combined effect of neutralization and Fc-effector functions. These data confirm the utility of ACE2-Fcs as valuable agents in preventing and eliminating SARS-CoV-2 infection and demonstrate that ACE2-Fc therapeutic activity require Fc-effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
- equal contribution
| | - Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- equal contribution
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- equal contribution
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de recherche du CHUM. Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de recherche du CHUM. Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill, QC, Canada
| | | | - William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Rebekah Sherburn
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Dung N. Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Lorie Marchitto
- Centre de recherche du CHUM. Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de recherche du CHUM. Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Di Wu
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Suneetha Gottumukkala
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Sean Moran
- Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Grzegorz Piszczek
- Biophysics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du CHUM. Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill, QC, Canada
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
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18
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Ullah I, Prévost J, Ladinsky MS, Stone H, Lu M, Anand SP, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Symmes K, Benlarbi M, Ding S, Gasser R, Fink C, Chen Y, Tauzin A, Goyette G, Bourassa C, Medjahed H, Mack M, Chung K, Wilen CB, Dekaban GA, Dikeakos JD, Bruce EA, Kaufmann DE, Stamatatos L, McGuire AT, Richard J, Pazgier M, Bjorkman PJ, Mothes W, Finzi A, Kumar P, Uchil PD. Live imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice reveals that neutralizing antibodies require Fc function for optimal efficacy. Immunity 2021; 54:2143-2158.e15. [PMID: 34453881 PMCID: PMC8372518 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are effective in treating COVID-19, but the mechanism of immune protection is not fully understood. Here, we applied live bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to monitor the real-time effects of NAb treatment during prophylaxis and therapy of K18-hACE2 mice intranasally infected with SARS-CoV-2-nanoluciferase. Real-time imaging revealed that the virus spread sequentially from the nasal cavity to the lungs in mice and thereafter systemically to various organs including the brain, culminating in death. Highly potent NAbs from a COVID-19 convalescent subject prevented, and also effectively resolved, established infection when administered within three days. In addition to direct neutralization, depletion studies indicated that Fc effector interactions of NAbs with monocytes, neutrophils, and natural killer cells were required to effectively dampen inflammatory responses and limit immunopathology. Our study highlights that both Fab and Fc effector functions of NAbs are essential for optimal in vivo efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mark S Ladinsky
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Helen Stone
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Maolin Lu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Kelly Symmes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Corby Fink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Alexandra Tauzin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Mack
- Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Innere Medizin II - Nephrologie, Regensburg 93042, Germany
| | - Kunho Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gregory A Dekaban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Molecluar Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jimmy D Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Emily A Bruce
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405. USA
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew T McGuire
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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19
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Li W, Chen Y, Prévost J, Ullah I, Lu M, Gong SY, Tauzin A, Gasser R, Vézina D, Anand SP, Goyette G, Chaterjee D, Ding S, Tolbert WD, Grunst MW, Bo Y, Zhang S, Richard J, Zhou F, Huang RK, Esser L, Zeher A, Côté M, Kumar P, Sodroski J, Xia D, Uchil PD, Pazgier M, Finzi A, Mothes W. Structural Basis and Mode of Action for Two Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Emerging Variants of Concern. bioRxiv 2021:2021.08.02.454546. [PMID: 34373853 PMCID: PMC8351775 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.02.454546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging variants of concern for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can transmit more efficiently and partially evade protective immune responses, thus necessitating continued refinement of antibody therapies and immunogen design. Here we elucidate the structural basis and mode of action for two potent SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) neutralizing monoclonal antibodies CV3-1 and CV3-25 that remained effective against emerging variants of concern in vitro and in vivo. CV3-1 bound to the (485-GFN-487) loop within the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the "RBD-up" position and triggered potent shedding of the S1 subunit. In contrast, CV3-25 inhibited membrane fusion by binding to an epitope in the stem helix region of the S2 subunit that is highly conserved among β-coronaviruses. Thus, vaccine immunogen designs that incorporate the conserved regions in RBD and stem helix region are candidates to elicit pan-coronavirus protective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Li
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Maolin Lu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shang Yu Gong
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Tauzin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Dani Vézina
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | | | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Michael W. Grunst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuxia Bo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Shijian Zhang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Fei Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rick K. Huang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lothar Esser
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Allison Zeher
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Di Xia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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Haugh KA, Ladinsky MS, Ullah I, Stone HM, Pi R, Gilardet A, Grunst MW, Kumar P, Bjorkman PJ, Mothes W, Uchil PD. In vivo imaging of retrovirus infection reveals a role for Siglec-1/CD169 in multiple routes of transmission. eLife 2021; 10:64179. [PMID: 34223819 PMCID: PMC8298093 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early events in retrovirus transmission are determined by interactions between incoming viruses and frontline cells near entry sites. Despite their importance for retroviral pathogenesis, very little is known about these events. We developed a bioluminescence imaging (BLI)-guided multiscale imaging approach to study these events in vivo. Engineered murine leukemia reporter viruses allowed us to monitor individual stages of retrovirus life cycle including virus particle flow, virus entry into cells, infection and spread for retroorbital, subcutaneous, and oral routes. BLI permitted temporal tracking of orally administered retroviruses along the gastrointestinal tract as they traversed the lumen through Peyer’s patches to reach the draining mesenteric sac. Importantly, capture and acquisition of lymph-, blood-, and milk-borne retroviruses spanning three routes was promoted by a common host factor, the I-type lectin CD169, expressed on sentinel macrophages. These results highlight how retroviruses co-opt the immune surveillance function of tissue-resident sentinel macrophages for establishing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Haugh
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Mark S Ladinsky
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Helen M Stone
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Ruoxi Pi
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Alexandre Gilardet
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Michael W Grunst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
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21
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Ullah I, Prévost J, Ladinsky MS, Stone H, Lu M, Anand SP, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Symmes K, Benlarbi M, Ding S, Gasser R, Fink C, Chen Y, Tauzin A, Goyette G, Bourassa C, Medjahed H, Mack M, Chung K, Wilen CB, Dekaban GA, Dikeakos JD, Bruce EA, Kaufmann DE, Stamatatos L, McGuire AT, Richard J, Pazgier M, Bjorkman PJ, Mothes W, Finzi A, Kumar P, Uchil PD. Live Imaging of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Mice Reveals Neutralizing Antibodies Require Fc Function for Optimal Efficacy. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 33791699 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.22.436337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are effective in treating COVID-19 but the mechanism of immune protection is not fully understood. Here, we applied live bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to monitor the real-time effects of NAb treatment in prophylaxis and therapy of K18-hACE2 mice intranasally infected with SARS-CoV-2-nanoluciferase. We could visualize virus spread sequentially from the nasal cavity to the lungs and thereafter systemically to various organs including the brain, which culminated in death. Highly potent NAbs from a COVID-19 convalescent subject prevented, and also effectively resolved, established infection when administered within three days. In addition to direct Fab-mediated neutralization, Fc effector interactions of NAbs with monocytes, neutrophils and natural killer cells were required to effectively dampen inflammatory responses and limit immunopathology. Our study highlights that both Fab and Fc effector functions of NAbs are essential for optimal in vivo efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.
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22
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Lu M, Uchil PD, Li W, Zheng D, Terry DS, Gorman J, Shi W, Zhang B, Zhou T, Ding S, Gasser R, Prévost J, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Anand SP, Laumaea A, Grover JR, Liu L, Ho DD, Mascola JR, Finzi A, Kwong PD, Blanchard SC, Mothes W. Real-Time Conformational Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Spikes on Virus Particles. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:880-891.e8. [PMID: 33242391 PMCID: PMC7664471 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) mediates viral entry into cells and is critical for vaccine development against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Structural studies have revealed distinct conformations of S, but real-time information that connects these structures is lacking. Here we apply single-molecule fluorescence (Förster) resonance energy transfer (smFRET) imaging to observe conformational dynamics of S on virus particles. Virus-associated S dynamically samples at least four distinct conformational states. In response to human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), S opens sequentially into the hACE2-bound S conformation through at least one on-path intermediate. Conformational preferences observed upon exposure to convalescent plasma or antibodies suggest mechanisms of neutralization involving either competition with hACE2 for binding to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or allosteric interference with conformational changes required for entry. Our findings inform on mechanisms of S recognition and conformations for immunogen design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Lu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wenwei Li
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Desheng Zheng
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel S Terry
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Annemarie Laumaea
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Grover
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott C Blanchard
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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23
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Lu M, Uchil PD, Li W, Zheng D, Terry DS, Gorman J, Shi W, Zhang B, Zhou T, Ding S, Gasser R, Prevost J, Beaudoin-Bussieres G, Anand SP, Laumaea A, Grover JR, Lihong L, Ho DD, Mascola J, Finzi A, Kwong PD, Blanchard SC, Mothes W. Real-time conformational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 spikes on virus particles. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32935100 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.10.286948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) mediates entry into cells and is critical for vaccine development against COVID-19. S is synthesized as a precursor, processed into S1 and S2 by furin proteases, and activated for fusion when human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) engages the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and when the N-terminus of S2 is proteolytically processed. Structures of soluble ectodomains and native virus particles have revealed distinct conformations of S, including a closed trimer with all RBD oriented downward, trimers with one or two RBDs up, and hACE2-stabilized conformations with up to three RBD oriented up. Real-time information that connects these structures, however, has been lacking. Here we apply single-molecule Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) imaging to observe conformational dynamics of S on virus particles. Virus-associated S dynamically samples at least four distinct conformational states. In response to hACE2, S opens into the hACE2-bound S conformation through at least one on-path intermediate, with trypsin partially activating S. Conformational preferences of convalescent patient plasma and monoclonal antibodies suggest mechanisms of neutralization involving either direct competition with hACE2 for binding to RBD or allosteric interference with conformational changes required for entry. Our findings inform on mechanisms of S recognition and on conformations for immunogen design.
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24
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Ventura JD, Beloor J, Allen E, Zhang T, Haugh KA, Uchil PD, Ochsenbauer C, Kieffer C, Kumar P, Hope TJ, Mothes W. Longitudinal bioluminescent imaging of HIV-1 infection during antiretroviral therapy and treatment interruption in humanized mice. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008161. [PMID: 31805155 PMCID: PMC6917343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive bioluminescent imaging (NIBLI) of HIV-1 infection dynamics allows for real-time monitoring of viral spread and the localization of infected cell populations in living animals. In this report, we describe full-length replication-competent GFP and Nanoluciferase (Nluc) expressing HIV-1 reporter viruses from two clinical transmitted / founder (T/F) strains: TRJO.c and Q23.BG505. By infecting humanized mice with these HIV-1 T/F reporter viruses, we were able to directly monitor longitudinal viral spread at whole-animal resolution via NIBLI at a sensitivity of as few as 30-50 infected cells. Bioluminescent signal strongly correlated with HIV-1 infection and responded proportionally to virus suppression in vivo in animals treated daily with a combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimen. Longitudinal NIBLI following cART withdrawal visualized tissue-sites that harbored virus during infection recrudescence. Notably, we observed rebounding infection in the same lymphoid tissues where infection was first observed prior to ART treatment. Our work demonstrates the utility of our system for studying in vivo viral infection dynamics and identifying infected tissue regions for subsequent analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Ventura
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Jagadish Beloor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Edward Allen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Kelsey A. Haugh
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Collin Kieffer
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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25
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Abstract
Strategies for the delivery of genes into eukaryotic cells fall into three categories: transfection by biochemical methods, transfection by physical methods, and virus-mediated transduction. This introduction deals with the first two categories.
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26
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Kumar P, Nagarajan A, Uchil PD. Transfection of Mammalian Cells with Calcium Phosphate-DNA Coprecipitates. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2019; 2019:2019/10/pdb.top096255. [PMID: 31575800 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top096255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical methods of transfection, including calcium phosphate-mediated and diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-dextran-mediated transfection, have been used for many years to deliver nucleic acids into cultured cells. Here, we briefly review the use of calcium phosphate-DNA coprecipitates for transfection.
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27
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Kumar P, Nagarajan A, Uchil PD. Calcium Phosphate-Mediated Transfection of Cells with High-Molecular-Weight Genomic DNA. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2019; 2019:2019/10/pdb.prot095448. [PMID: 31575794 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot095448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This protocol describes a calcium phosphate-mediated transfection method for use with high-molecular-weight genomic DNAs.
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28
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Kumar P, Nagarajan A, Uchil PD. Calcium Phosphate-Mediated Transfection of Adherent Cells or Cells Growing in Suspension: Variations on the Basic Method. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2019; 2019:2019/10/pdb.prot095455. [PMID: 31575795 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot095455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes two variations of the calcium phosphate-mediated transfection method. The first can be used with all types of adherent cells, but is particularly useful for polarized epithelial cells, which do not efficiently take up material by endocytosis through the apical plasma membrane. To improve transfection efficiency, adherent cells are trypsinized and collected by centrifugation. The cells are resuspended in the calcium phosphate-DNA coprecipitate and then plated again on tissue culture dishes. Most lines of cells grown in suspension are resistant to calcium phosphate-mediated transfection methods; however, a few cell lines grown as suspension cultures (e.g., HeLa cells) can be transfected using the second modified calcium phosphate procedure described here.
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29
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Kumar P, Nagarajan A, Uchil PD. Calcium Phosphate-Mediated Transfection of Eukaryotic Cells with Plasmid DNAs. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2019; 2019:2019/10/pdb.prot095430. [PMID: 31575793 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot095430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes a calcium phosphate-mediated transfection method for use with plasmid DNAs and adherent cells. At the end of the protocol is an alternative method for high-efficiency generation of stable transfectants.
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30
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Abstract
Viruses are causative agents for many diseases and infect all living organisms on the planet. Development of effective therapies has relied on our ability to isolate and culture viruses in vitro, allowing mechanistic studies and strategic interventions. While this reductionist approach is necessary, testing the relevance of in vitro findings often takes a very long time. New developments in imaging technologies are transforming our experimental approach where viral pathogenesis can be studied in vivo at multiple spatial and temporal resolutions. Here, we outline a vision of a top-down approach using noninvasive whole-body imaging as a guide for in-depth characterization of key tissues, physiologically relevant cell types, and pathways of spread to elucidate mechanisms of virus spread and pathogenesis. Tool development toward imaging of infectious diseases is expected to transform clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA; , , ,
| | - Kelsey A Haugh
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA; , , ,
| | - Ruoxi Pi
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA; , , ,
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA; , , ,
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31
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Abstract
Electroporation is a process in which brief electrical pulses create transient pores in the plasma membrane that allow nucleic acids to enter the cellular cytoplasm. Here, we provide information on the history, mechanism, and optimization of electroporation. We also describe nucleofection, an improvement of the electroporation technology that permits the introduction of nucleic acids directly into the nucleus.
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32
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Abstract
Electroporation, which uses pulsed electrical fields, can be used to introduce DNA into a variety of animal cells, plant cells, and bacteria. Electroporation works well with cell lines that are refractory to other transfection techniques, such as lipofection and calcium phosphate–DNA coprecipitation. But, as with other transfection methods, the optimal conditions for electroporating DNA into untested cell lines must be determined empirically. Several different electroporation instruments are available commercially, and manufacturers supply detailed protocols for their use with specific cell types and guidelines for optimization with others. This method describes the conditions for electroporating mammalian cell lines using the Gene Pulser Xcell Electroporation System (Bio-Rad).
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33
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Abstract
In the past, cloned DNA was introduced into cultured eukaryotic cells chiefly by biochemical methods using either calcium phosphate or diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-dextran. Lipid reagents are now preferred because of the high efficiency of transfection that can be obtained and because of the ability of this class of reagents to mediate transfection of all types of nucleic acids into a wide range of cell types.
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34
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Abstract
There are several methods for assaying the success of transient transfections. If a plasmid expressing Escherichia coli β-galactosidase was used, then this histochemical staining procedure is simple to perform and yields dependable results. The following method was designed for cells growing in 60-mm culture dishes.
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35
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Abstract
Liposomal transfection reagents vary in their ability to transfect cell lines efficiently. Some are generalists, whereas others are best used with specific cell types. The nonliposomal FuGENE 6 and the cationic liposomal Lipofectamine 2000 are examples of reagents that can successfully transfect most adherent and suspension cell types (including several primary and hard-to-transfect cell types) with negligible toxicity and a minimal number of manipulations. Importantly, both reagents can be used to transfect cells in the presence of serum, minimizing the number of manipulations during the transfection procedure. We also provide an alternative protocol that uses the cationic lipid reagents Lipofectin and Transfectam.
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36
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Uchil PD, Pi R, Haugh KA, Ladinsky MS, Ventura JD, Barrett BS, Santiago ML, Bjorkman PJ, Kassiotis G, Sewald X, Mothes W. A Protective Role for the Lectin CD169/Siglec-1 against a Pathogenic Murine Retrovirus. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:87-100.e10. [PMID: 30595553 PMCID: PMC6331384 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lymph- and blood-borne retroviruses exploit CD169/Siglec-1-mediated capture by subcapsular sinus and marginal zone metallophilic macrophages for trans-infection of permissive lymphocytes. However, the impact of CD169-mediated virus capture on retrovirus dissemination and pathogenesis in vivo is unknown. In a murine model of the splenomegaly-inducing retrovirus Friend virus complex (FVC) infection, we find that while CD169 promoted draining lymph node infection, it limited systemic spread to the spleen. At the spleen, CD169-expressing macrophages captured incoming blood-borne retroviruses and limited their spread to the erythroblasts in the red pulp where FVC manifests its pathogenesis. CD169-mediated retroviral capture activated conventional dendritic cells 1 (cDC1s) and promoted cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses, resulting in efficient clearing of FVC-infected cells. Accordingly, CD169 blockade led to higher viral loads and accelerated death in susceptible mouse strains. Thus, CD169 plays a protective role during FVC pathogenesis by reducing viral dissemination to erythroblasts and eliciting an effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte response via cDC1s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Ruoxi Pi
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kelsey A Haugh
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mark S Ladinsky
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - John D Ventura
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Brad S Barrett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mario L Santiago
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - George Kassiotis
- Retrovirus Immunology, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Xaver Sewald
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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37
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Abstract
Strategies for the delivery of genes into eukaryotic cells fall into three categories: transfection by biochemical methods, transfection by physical methods, and virus-mediated transduction. "Optical transfection"-a physical transfection method-exploits the ability of light to create small transient pores in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells.
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38
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Abstract
A stable cell line is generated when transfected DNA undergoes integration into a chromosome by nonhomologous recombination. Cells that stably express selectable (e.g., antibiotic-resistant) markers are also likely to have incorporated other DNA sequences. This phenomenon, in which physically unlinked genes are assembled into a single integrated array and expressed in the same transfected cell, is known as "cotransfection." Resistance to antibiotics has proven to be effective in selecting cotransfectants and, in some cases, as a driver for gene amplification.
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39
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Haugh KA, Pi R, Fontes B, Mothes W, Uchil PD. A Biocontainment Procedure for Intravital Microscopy of High-Risk Pathogens. Appl Biosaf 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1535676018785177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruoxi Pi
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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40
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Abstract
Here, we describe two variations on the classical DEAE-dextran transfection procedure. The first involves a brief exposure of cells to a high concentration of DEAE-dextran and yields higher transfection frequencies but elevated cellular toxicity. The second involves a longer exposure of cells to a lower concentration of DEAE-dextran, which produces lower transfection frequencies but increased cell survival.
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41
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Abstract
Biochemical methods of transfection, including calcium phosphate-mediated and diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-dextran-mediated transfection, have been used for many years to deliver nucleic acids into cultured eukaryotic cells. Here, we briefly review the use of DEAE-dextran in transfection.
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42
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Abstract
This protocol describes viability measurements for cell cultures in a 96-well tissue culture plate using alamarBlue (resazurin). The assay can be modified to accommodate larger plates; however, for a preliminary analysis of transfection reagents and parameters of the transfection protocol on cell viability, a 96-well plate format is the most cost effective.
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43
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Abstract
A common method for determining cytotoxicity is based on measuring the activity of cytoplasmic enzymes released by damaged cells. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a stable cytoplasmic enzyme that is found in all cells. LDH is rapidly released into the cell culture supernatant when the plasma membrane is damaged, a key feature of cells undergoing apoptosis, necrosis, and other forms of cellular damage. LDH activity can be easily quantified by using the NADH produced during the conversion of lactate to pyruvate to reduce a second compound in a coupled reaction into a product with properties that are easily quantitated. This protocol measures the reduction of a yellow tetrazolium salt, INT, by NADH into a red, water-soluble formazan-class dye by absorbance at 492 nm. The amount of formazan is directly proportional to the amount of LDH in the culture, which is, in turn, directly proportional to the number of dead or damaged cells.
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44
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Abstract
β-galactosidase is used as a reporter for the quantitative analysis of gene expression. It is also used as a histochemical marker. This introduction briefly reviews the enzymatic reactions catalyzed by β-galactosidase and methods for assaying β-galactosidase activity.
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45
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Abstract
This protocol contains a method for the detection of β-galactosidase expressed from reporter vectors that have been transfected into mammalian cells. The assay is both simple and rapid and can be performed using a visible light spectrophotometer.
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46
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Sewald X, Ladinsky MS, Uchil PD, Beloor J, Pi R, Herrmann C, Motamedi N, Murooka TT, Brehm MA, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Mempel TR, Bjorkman PJ, Kumar P, Mothes W. Retroviruses use CD169-mediated trans-infection of permissive lymphocytes to establish infection. Science 2015; 350:563-567. [PMID: 26429886 DOI: 10.1126/science.aab2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells can capture and transfer retroviruses in vitro across synaptic cell-cell contacts to uninfected cells, a process called trans-infection. Whether trans-infection contributes to retroviral spread in vivo remains unknown. Here, we visualize how retroviruses disseminate in secondary lymphoid tissues of living mice. We demonstrate that murine leukemia virus (MLV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are first captured by sinus-lining macrophages. CD169/Siglec-1, an I-type lectin that recognizes gangliosides, captures the virus. MLV-laden macrophages then form long-lived synaptic contacts to trans-infect B-1 cells. Infected B-1 cells subsequently migrate into the lymph node to spread the infection through virological synapses. Robust infection in lymph nodes and spleen requires CD169, suggesting that a combination of fluid-based movement followed by CD169-dependent trans-infection can contribute to viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaver Sewald
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mark S Ladinsky
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jagadish Beloor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ruoxi Pi
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Christin Herrmann
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nasim Motamedi
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | | | - Thorsten R Mempel
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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47
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Agosto LM, Uchil PD, Mothes W. HIV cell-to-cell transmission: effects on pathogenesis and antiretroviral therapy. Trends Microbiol 2015; 23:289-95. [PMID: 25766144 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HIV spreads more efficiently in vitro when infected cells directly contact uninfected cells to form virological synapses. A hallmark of virological synapses is that viruses can be transmitted at a higher multiplicity of infection (MOI) that, in vitro, results in a higher number of proviruses. Whether HIV also spreads by cell-cell contact in vivo is a matter of debate. Here we discuss recent data that suggest that contact-mediated transmission largely manifests itself in vivo as CD4+ T cell depletion. The assault of a cell by a large number of incoming particles is likely to be efficiently sensed by the innate cellular surveillance to trigger cell death. The large number of particles transferred across virological synapses has also been implicated in reduced efficacy of antiretroviral therapies. Thus, antiretroviral therapies must remain effective against the high MOI observed during cell-to-cell transmission to inhibit both viral replication and the pathogenesis associated with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Agosto
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.
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Zeller S, Choi CS, Uchil PD, Ban HS, Siefert A, Fahmy TM, Mothes W, Lee SK, Kumar P. Attachment of cell-binding ligands to arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides enables cytosolic translocation of complexed siRNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 22:50-62. [PMID: 25544044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), such as nona-arginine (9R), poorly translocate siRNA into cells. Our studies demonstrate that attaching 9R to ligands that bind cell surface receptors quantitatively increases siRNA uptake and importantly, allows functional delivery of complexed siRNA. The mechanism involved accumulation of ligand-9R:siRNA microparticles on the cell membrane, which induced transient membrane inversion at the site of ligand-9R binding and rapid siRNA translocation into the cytoplasm. siRNA release also occurred late after endocytosis when the ligand was attached to the L isoform of 9R, but not the protease-resistant 9DR, prolonging mRNA knockdown. This critically depended on endosomal proteolytic activity, implying that partial CPP degradation is required for endosome-to-cytosol translocation. The data demonstrate that ligand attachment renders simple polycationic CPPs effective for siRNA delivery by restoring their intrinsic property of translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Zeller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chang Seon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hong-Seok Ban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Alyssa Siefert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tarek M Fahmy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sang-Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Uchil PD, Pawliczek T, Reynolds TD, Ding S, Hinz A, Munro J, Huang F, Floyd RW, Yang H, Hamilton W, Bewersdorf J, Xiong Y, Calderwood DA, Mothes W. TRIM15 is a focal adhesion protein that regulates focal adhesion disassembly. Development 2014. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.117242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Uchil PD, Pawliczek T, Reynolds TD, Ding S, Hinz A, Munro JB, Huang F, Floyd RW, Yang H, Hamilton WL, Bewersdorf J, Xiong Y, Calderwood DA, Mothes W. TRIM15 is a focal adhesion protein that regulates focal adhesion disassembly. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3928-42. [PMID: 25015296 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.143537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are macromolecular complexes that connect the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Dynamic turnover of focal adhesions is crucial for cell migration. Paxillin is a multi-adaptor protein that plays an important role in regulating focal adhesion dynamics. Here, we identify TRIM15, a member of the tripartite motif protein family, as a paxillin-interacting factor and a component of focal adhesions. TRIM15 localizes to focal contacts in a myosin-II-independent manner by an interaction between its coiled-coil domain and the LD2 motif of paxillin. Unlike other focal adhesion proteins, TRIM15 is a stable focal adhesion component with restricted mobility due to its ability to form oligomers. TRIM15-depleted cells display impaired cell migration and reduced focal adhesion disassembly rates, in addition to enlarged focal adhesions. Thus, our studies demonstrate a cellular function for TRIM15 as a regulatory component of focal adhesion turnover and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Tobias Pawliczek
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Tracy D Reynolds
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Angelika Hinz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - James B Munro
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Robert W Floyd
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Haitao Yang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - William L Hamilton
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
| | - Joerg Bewersdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA Departments of Pharmacology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
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