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Kunze M, Alder NN, Hwang I, Roussel G, Karamyshev AL. Editorial: Targeting signals in protein trafficking and transport. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1338852. [PMID: 38143916 PMCID: PMC10748493 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1338852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kunze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nathan N. Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Guillaume Roussel
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Katholieke Universiteit-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrey L. Karamyshev
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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2
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Roussel G, Lindner E, White SH. Topology of the SecA ATPase Bound to Large Unilamellar Vesicles. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167607. [PMID: 35489383 PMCID: PMC10085631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The soluble cytoplasmic ATPase motor protein SecA powers protein transport across the Escherichia coli inner membrane via the SecYEG translocon. Although dimeric in solution, SecA associates monomerically with SecYEG during secretion according to several crystallographic and cryo-EM structural studies. The steps SecA follows from its dimeric cytoplasmic state to its active SecYEG monomeric state are largely unknown. We have previously shown that dimeric SecA in solution dissociates into monomers upon electrostatic binding to negatively charged lipid vesicles formed from E. coli lipids. Here we address the question of the disposition of SecA on the membrane prior to binding to membrane embedded SecYEG. We mutated to cysteine, one at a time, 25 surface-exposed residues of a Cys-free SecA. To each of these we covalently linked the polarity-sensitive fluorophore NBD whose intensity and fluorescence wavelength-shift change upon vesicle binding report on the the local membrane polarity. We established from these measurements the disposition of SecA bound to the membrane in the absence of SecYEG. Our results confirmed that SecA is anchored in the membrane interface primarily by the positive charges of the N terminus domain. But we found that a region of the nucleotide binding domain II is also important for binding. Both domains are rich in positively charged residues, consistent with electrostatic interactions playing the major role in membrane binding. Selective replacement of positively charged residues in these domains with alanine resulted in weaker binding to the membrane, which allowed us to quantitate the relative importance of the domains in stabilizing SecA on membranes. Fluorescence quenchers inside the vesicles had little effect on NBD fluorescence, indicating that SecA does not penetrate significantly across the membrane. Overall, the topology of SecA on the membrane is consistent with the conformation of SecA observed in crystallographic and cryo-EM structures of SecA-SecYEG complexes, suggesting that SecA can switch between the membrane-associated and the translocon-associated states without significant changes in conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Roussel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560, United States
| | - Eric Lindner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560, United States
| | - Stephen H White
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560, United States.
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Roussel G, White SH. The SecA ATPase motor protein binds to Escherichia coli liposomes only as monomers. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2020; 1862:183358. [PMID: 32416191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The essential SecA motor ATPase acts in concert with the SecYEG translocon to secrete proteins into the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli. In aqueous solutions, SecA exists largely as dimers, but the oligomeric state on membranes is less certain. Crystallographic studies have suggested several possible solution dimeric states, but its oligomeric state when bound to membranes directly or indirectly via the translocon is controversial. We have shown using disulfide crosslinking that the principal solution dimer, corresponding to a crystallographic dimer (PDB 1M6N), binds only weakly to large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) formed from E. coli lipids. We report here that other soluble crosslinked crystallographic dimers also bind weakly, if at all, to LUV. Furthermore, using a simple glutaraldehyde crosslinking scheme, we show that SecA is always monomeric when bound to LUV formed from E. coli lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Roussel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Stephen H White
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America.
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4
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Roussel G, White SH. Binding of SecA ATPase monomers and dimers to lipid vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2019; 1862:183112. [PMID: 31676370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Escherichia coli SecA ATPase motor protein is essential for secretion of proteins through the SecYEG translocon into the periplasmic space. Its function relies upon interactions with the surrounding lipid bilayer as well as SecYEG translocon. That negatively charged lipids are required for bilayer binding has been known for >25 years, but little systematic quantitative data is available. We have carried out an extensive investigation of SecA partitioning into large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) using a wide range of lipid and electrolyte compositions, including the principal cytoplasmic salt of E. coli, potassium glutamate, which we have shown stabilizes SecA. The water-to-bilayer transfer free energy is about -7.5 kcal mol-1 for typical E. coli lipid compositions. Although it has been established that SecA is dimeric in the cytoplasm, we find that the most widely cited dimer form (PDB 1M6N) binds only weakly to LUVs formed from E. coli lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Roussel
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Stephen H White
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America.
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5
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Roussel G, Lindner E, White SH. Stabilization of SecA ATPase by the primary cytoplasmic salt of Escherichia coli. Protein Sci 2019; 28:984-989. [PMID: 30968480 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Much is known about the structure, function, and stability of the SecA motor ATPase that powers the secretion of periplasmic proteins across the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. Most studies of SecA are carried out in buffered sodium or potassium chloride salt solutions. However, the principal intracellular salt of E. coli is potassium glutamate (KGlu), which is known to stabilize folded proteins and protein-nucleic acid complexes. Here we report that KGlu stabilizes SecA, including its dimeric state, and increases its ATPase activity, suggesting that SecA is likely fully folded, stable, and active in vivo at 37°C. Furthermore, KGlu also stabilizes a precursor form of the secreted maltose-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Roussel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697-4560
| | - Eric Lindner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697-4560
| | - Stephen H White
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697-4560
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Roussel G, Caudano Y, Matagne A, Sansom MS, Perpète EA, Michaux C. Peptide-surfactant interactions: A combined spectroscopic and molecular dynamics simulation approach. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 190:464-470. [PMID: 28961531 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present contribution, we report a combined spectroscopic and computational approach aiming to unravel at atomic resolution the effect of the anionic SDS detergent on the structure of two model peptides, the α-helix TrpCage and the β-stranded TrpZip. A detailed characterization of the specific amino acids involved is performed. Monomeric (single molecules) and micellar SDS species differently interact with the α-helix and β-stranded peptides, emphasizing the different mechanisms occurring below and above the critical aggregation concentration (CAC). Below the CAC, the α-helix peptide is fully unfolded, losing its hydrophobic core and its Asp-Arg salt bridge, while the β-stranded peptide keeps its native structure with its four Trp well oriented. Above the CAC, the SDS micelles have the same effect on both peptides, that is, destabilizing the tertiary structure while keeping their secondary structure. Our studies will be helpful to deepen our understanding of the action of the denaturant SDS on peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Roussel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, D340 Medical Sciences I, Irvine, CA 92697-4560, USA
| | - Yves Caudano
- Research Centre in Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR), University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - André Matagne
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, Institut de Chimie B6, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Mark S Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Park Road, OX13QU Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eric A Perpète
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Biomolecules, Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale (UCPTS), University of Namur, 61, Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Catherine Michaux
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Biomolecules, Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale (UCPTS), University of Namur, 61, Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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7
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Roussel G, White SH. Structure of E. coli SecA Bound to Lipid Vesicles and Nano-Discs. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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8
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Michaux C, Roussel G, Lopes-Rodrigues M, Matagne A, Perpète E. Unravelling the mechanisms of a protein refolding process based on the association of detergents and co-solvents. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:485-91. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Michaux
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Biomolecules, Chemistry Department; University of Namur; 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - G. Roussel
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Biomolecules, Chemistry Department; University of Namur; 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - M. Lopes-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Biomolecules, Chemistry Department; University of Namur; 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - A. Matagne
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, Institut de Chimie B6; University of Liège; 7 Place du 20 août 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - E.A. Perpète
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Biomolecules, Chemistry Department; University of Namur; 61 rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
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Pérez-Madrigal MM, del Valle LJ, Armelin E, Michaux C, Roussel G, Perpète EA, Alemán C. Polypyrrole-supported membrane proteins for bio-inspired ion channels. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:1632-43. [PMID: 25585165 DOI: 10.1021/am507142f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical platforms constructed by immobilizing membrane proteins in matrixes made of synthetic organic polymers is a challenge because the structure and function of these proteins are affected by environmental conditions. In this work, an operative composite that regulates the diffusion of alkali ions has been prepared by functionalizing a supporting matrix made of poly(N-methylpyrrole) (PNMPy) with a β-barrel membrane protein (Omp2a) that forms channels and pores. The protein has been unequivocally identified in the composite, and its structure has been shown to remain unaltered. The PNMPy-Omp2a platform fulfills properties typically associated with functional bio-interfaces with biomedical applications (e.g., biocompatibility, biodegrabadility, and hydrophilicity). The functionality of the immobilized protein has been examined by studying the passive ion transport response in the presence of electrolytic solutions with Na(+) and K(+) concentrations close to those found in blood. Although the behavior of PNMPy and PNMPy-Omp2a is very similar for solutions with very low concentration, the resistance of the latter decreases drastically when the concentration of ions increases to ∼100 mM. This reduction reflects an enhanced ion exchange between the biocomposite and the electrolytic medium, which is not observed in PNMPy, evidencing that PNMPy-Omp2a is particularly well suited to prepare bioinspired channels and smart biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Pérez-Madrigal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, ETSEIB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avda. Diagonal 647, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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10
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Abstract
Currently, the investigation of protein refolding processes involves several time-consuming stages that require large amounts of protein and costly chemicals. Consequently, there is great interest in developing new approaches to the study of protein renaturation that are more technically and economically feasible. It has recently been reported that certain cosolvents are able to modulate the denaturing properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and induce the refolding of proteins. This unit presents a protocol to study and follow the renaturation of a protein (membrane or soluble) starting from a native or SDS-unfolded state using a variety of candidate cosolvents and osmolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Roussel
- Department of Chemistry, Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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Pouyez J, Mayard A, Vandamme AM, Roussel G, Perpète EA, Wouters J, Housen I, Michaux C. First crystal structure of an endo-inulinase, INU2, from Aspergillus ficuum: Discovery of an extra-pocket in the catalytic domain responsible for its endo-activity. Biochimie 2012; 94:2423-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Roussel G, Perpète EA, Matagne A, Tinti E, Michaux C. Towards a universal method for protein refolding: The trimeric beta barrel membrane Omp2a as a test case. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:417-23. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Jacob L, Baumlin N, Roussel G, Crémel G, Bagnard D. 993 Development of a Therapeutic Peptide Targeting the Transmembrane Domain of Plexin A1. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Roussel G, Matagne A, De Bolle X, Perpète E, Michaux C. Purification, refolding and characterization of the trimeric Omp2a outer membrane porin from Brucella melitensis. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 83:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Curcó D, Michaux C, Roussel G, Tinti E, Perpète EA, Alemán C. Stochastic simulation of structural properties of natively unfolded and denatured proteins. J Mol Model 2012; 18:4503-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abadie P, Roussel G, Dencausse B, Bonnet C, Bertocchi E, Louvet JM, Kremer A, Garnier-Géré P. Strength, diversity and plasticity of postmating reproductive barriers between two hybridizing oak species (Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea (Matt) Liebl.). J Evol Biol 2011; 25:157-73. [PMID: 22092648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Very little is known about the nature and strength of reproductive isolation (RI) in Quercus species, despite extensive research on the estimation and evolutionary significance of hybridization rates. We characterized postmating pre- and postzygotic RI between two hybridizing oak species, Quercus robur and Quercus petraea, using a large set of controlled crosses between different genotypes. Various traits potentially associated with reproductive barriers were quantified at several life history stages, from pollen-pistil interactions to seed set and progeny fitness-related traits. Results indicate strong intrinsic postmating prezygotic barriers, with significant barriers also at the postzygotic level, but relatively weaker extrinsic barriers on early hybrid fitness measures assessed in controlled conditions. Using general linear modelling of common garden data with clonal replicates, we showed that most traits exhibited important genotypic differences, as well as different levels of sensitivity to micro-environmental heterogeneity. These new findings suggest a large potential genetic diversity and plasticity of reproductive barriers and are confronted with hybridization evidence in these oak species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abadie
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33612 Cestas, France
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Gonthier B, Nasarre C, Roth L, Perraut M, Thomasset N, Roussel G, Aunis D, Bagnard D. [P250]: Functional interaction between matrix metalloproteinase‐3 and semaphorin‐3C during cortical axonal growth and guidance. Int J Dev Neurosci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.09.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Koncina E, Nasarre C, Labourdette G, Roussel G, Aunis D, Bagnard D. [P81]: Semaphorin signalling during glioma cell migration and tumor progression. Int J Dev Neurosci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.09.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Koncina
- INSERM U575 Physiopathologie du Système NerveuxFrance
| | - C. Nasarre
- INSERM U575 Physiopathologie du Système NerveuxFrance
| | | | - G. Roussel
- INSERM U575 Physiopathologie du Système NerveuxFrance
| | - D. Aunis
- INSERM U575 Physiopathologie du Système NerveuxFrance
| | - D. Bagnard
- INSERM U575 Physiopathologie du Système NerveuxFrance
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Roche D, Toury I, Lequang NT, Roussel G, Ekindjian OG. Interest of a Simple Mobile Phase Containing Diethylamine-Acetic Acid for HPLC Assay of Nicotine and Cotinine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483919108049366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Roche
- a Laboratoire Central de BiochemieHôpital Laënnec , 42 rue de Sèvres, 75007 , Paris , France
| | - I. Toury
- a Laboratoire Central de BiochemieHôpital Laënnec , 42 rue de Sèvres, 75007 , Paris , France
| | - N. T. Lequang
- a Laboratoire Central de BiochemieHôpital Laënnec , 42 rue de Sèvres, 75007 , Paris , France
| | - G. Roussel
- b Centre de Prévention des Maladies Respiratoires, Consultation Anti-Tabac Hôpital Laënnec , 42 rue de Sèvres, 75007 , Paris , France
| | - O. G. Ekindjian
- a Laboratoire Central de BiochemieHôpital Laënnec , 42 rue de Sèvres, 75007 , Paris , France
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Gonthier B, Nasarre C, Roth L, Perraut M, Thomasset N, Roussel G, Aunis D, Bagnard D. Functional interaction between matrix metalloproteinase-3 and semaphorin-3C during cortical axonal growth and guidance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 17:1712-21. [PMID: 17021275 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhl082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the developing cortex, axons and dendrites extend progressively in response to environmental cues attracting or repelling growing processes. Recent evidence suggests the existence of a functional link between guidance molecules and metalloproteinases. Here, we analyzed the putative functional interaction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with guidance cues of the semaphorin family during growth and guidance of cortical axons. Our results demonstrate that the expression pattern and the proteolytic activity of MMP-3 are consistent with a role of this particular MMP during cortical axon outgrowth. We found that MMP-3 is required for an optimal axon extension and is involved in the Sema3C-dependent chemoattraction of cortical axons by modulating both the growth capacity and the orientation of growth. Interestingly, the inhibitory Sema3A decreased both the expression and activity of MMP-3. Taken together, our results reveal a molecular interaction between MMPs and semaphorins providing new insight into the molecular mechanism allowing axonal growth cone to respond to environmental guidance cues in the context of cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gonthier
- INSERM U575, Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux, Centre de Neurochimie, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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21
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Bagnard D, Sainturet N, Meyronet D, Perraut M, Miehe M, Roussel G, Aunis D, Belin MF, Thomasset N. Differential MAP kinases activation during semaphorin3A-induced repulsion or apoptosis of neural progenitor cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2004; 25:722-31. [PMID: 15080899 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2003] [Revised: 12/02/2003] [Accepted: 12/12/2003] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins are multifunctional factors implicated in various developmental processes. Little is known about the intracellular pathways ensuring appropriate signal transduction that encode the diverse functions observed. In this study, we investigated whether mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), which are key elements of signal transduction in eukaryotic cells, were activated during semaphorin 3A (Sema3A)-induced repulsion or apoptosis of neural progenitor cells. We found that selective recruitment of the ERK1/2 pathway occurred during Sema3A-induced neural progenitor cell repulsion, whereas p38 MAPK activation was necessary for induction of apoptosis. Moreover, we provide evidence for the involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) in the activation of ERK1/2. Additional experiments performed with native cerebellar progenitors confirmed such a selective recruitment of MAPK during Sema3A-dependent migration or apoptosis. Altogether, our results suggest a model to explain how a single factor can exert different functions for a given cell type by the selective recruitment of intracellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bagnard
- INSERM U575, "Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux", 67084 Strasbourg, France.
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Roussel G, Robert Y, Mahe P, Soret R, Legeais D, Meria P, Biserte J, Mazeman E. High-flow priapism in children: immediate treatment by selective embolization. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2001; 11:350-3. [PMID: 11719877 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-18553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of a high-flow priapism related to a posttraumatic aneurysm in a ten-year-old boy treated by selective embolization. Patient history and thorough physical examination often lead to the diagnosis of high-flow priapism. Colour-coded duplex ultrasonography confirms the diagnosis, and treatment consists of angiographic embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roussel
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, C. H. R. U. Lille, Lille, France.
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Hardouin A, Baumann J, Roussel G, Quillien V, Dugast C, Berthet P. A new mutation in the BRCA1 gene (g.5196-5201del6, 5195-5202ins12), a 6 bp deletion replaced by the duplication of a 12 bp adjacent upstream intronic sequence. Hum Mutat 2001; 17:154. [PMID: 11180603 DOI: 10.1002/1098-1004(200102)17:2<154::aid-humu12>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Hardouin
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology; Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
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Hédou G, Chasserot-Golaz S, Kemmel V, Gobaille S, Roussel G, Artault JC, Andriamampandry C, Aunis D, Maitre M. Immunohistochemical studies of the localization of neurons containing the enzyme that synthesizes dopamine, GABA, or gamma-hydroxybutyrate in the rat substantia nigra and striatum. J Comp Neurol 2000; 426:549-60. [PMID: 11027398 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9861(20001030)426:4<549::aid-cne4>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an endogenous metabolite of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is synthesized in the neuronal compartment of the central nervous system. This substance possesses several properties that support its role as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in brain. In particular, it is synthesized by a specific pathway that transforms GABA into succinic semialdehyde via GABA-T activity; then succinic semialdehyde is converted into GHB by a specific succinic semialdehyde reductase (SSR). The last enzyme is considered as a marker for neurons that synthesize GHB. This compound binds in brain to receptors whose distribution, ontogenesis, kinetics, and pharmacology are specific. Endogenous GHB, but also GHB exogenously administered to rats, participate in the regulation of dopaminergic activity of the nigrostriatal pathway. To investigate the distribution of GHB neurons in this pathway and the anatomic relationships between dopaminergic and GHB neurons, immunocytochemical identification of dopamine, GABA, and GHB neurons was carried out in the substantia nigra and striatum of the rat. The following markers for these neurons were used: anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) antibodies for dopamine neurons, anti-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies for GABA neurons, and anti-succinic semialdehyde reductase (SSR) antibodies for GHB neurons. GABA neurons were studied because GAD and SSR co-exist frequently in the same neuron, and GABA alone also exerts its own regulatory effects on dopaminergic neurons. This study reveals the co-existence of GAD/SSR and GAD/SSR/TH in numerous neurons of the substantia nigra. However, some neurons appear to be only GAD or SSR positive. In the striatum, TH-positive terminals surround many GHB neurons. GAD innervation is abundant in close contact with unlabeled neurons in the caudate-putamen, whereas distinct SSR-positive punctuates are also present. The existence of SSR-reactive synapses and neurons was confirmed in the striatum at the electron microscopic level. On the basis of these results, a clear anatomo-functional relationship between GHB and dopamine networks cannot be defined; however, we propose the modulation by GHB of striatal intrinsic neurons that could then interfere with the presynaptic control of dopaminergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hédou
- LNMIC ER 2072 CNRS, Faculté de Médecine, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Abstract
Myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a specific component of the mammalian central nervous system, is located on the surface of the oligodendrocyte plasma membrane and the outermost lamellae of mature myelin; it is expressed during the latter steps of myelinogenesis. It has been shown that MOG may play a pathological role in autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, although its physiological function remains unknown. MOG is an integral membrane glycoprotein with an extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain and two hydrophobic segments which were predicted to be membrane-spanning on the basis of hydropathy analysis. As a first step in elucidation of MOG function, we have investigated its membrane topology, combining immunofluorescence studies on cultured oligodendrocytes and MOG-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells with biochemical analyses, including in vitro translation, membrane insertion and protease-digestion assays. Our results indicate that the C-terminal tail of MOG is located into the cytoplasm, and that only the first hydrophobic region of MOG spans the membrane whereas the second hydrophobic region appears to be semi-embedded in the lipid bilayer, lying partially buried in the membrane with its N-terminal and C-terminal boundaries facing the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- B della Gaspera
- Laboratoire de Neurogénétique Moléculaire, URA 1488 CNRS, Université de Paris VI, Institut des Neurosciences, France
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Cizelj L, Hauer I, Roussel G, Cuvelliez C. Probabilistic assessment of excessive leakage through steam generator tubes degraded by secondary side corrosion. Nuclear Engineering and Design 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0029-5493(98)00229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
The monoclonal antibody M6-7, which recognizes both native and denatured immunopurified M6a antigen, was used in the present immunocytochemical study to localize its corresponding antigen in young rat brain. Strong labelling was observed in the cerebellar molecular layer, which corresponds to heavily stained axon terminals originating from granule cells. The immunodeposit, as observed by electron microscopy, is present only on the cytoplasmic side of the presynaptic membrane and on the membrane of synaptic vesicles. In contrast, the Purkinje cells and their processes are unstained. Stained synapses are also found, although less frequently, in several other cerebral areas. The pattern of staining at these synapses is similar to that observed in the cerebellar molecular layer. It is hypothesized, on the basis of its restricted distribution in certain neuronal endings and its high homology with myelin proteolipids, that the M6a antigen revealed by the M6-7 antibody is probably involved in a specific biological function in these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roussel
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie du Développement et de la Régénération, UPR 1352, Centre de Neurochimie du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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Roussel G, Igual J. Clarithromycin with minocycline and clofazimine for Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex lung disease in patients without the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. GETIM. Groupe d'Etude et de Traitement des Infections à Mycobactéries. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1998; 2:462-70. [PMID: 9626603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING An open clinical trial for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (MAIC) lung disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative patients. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and tolerance of clarithromycin (0.75-2 g/day) combined with minocycline (200 mg/day) and clofazimine (100 mg/day) for 15 months. DESIGN The study was carried out from August 1992 to June 1994 by pulmonologists of various French medical centres. The patients to be enrolled were of either sex, over 18 years of age, HIV-seronegative and suffering from MAIC lung disease, with a confirmed bacteriological and radiological diagnosis. Examinations were to be performed after 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 months of treatment. RESULTS Thirty patients were included, 16 males and 14 females. Eight did not complete the study due to deviations from protocol or adverse effects. The remainder completed the study with a post-treatment follow-up of 27 +/- 7 months. Among the 22 evaluable patients, 18 had a history of lung disease. Tolerance to the drugs was generally good, apart from three cases of hepatic disturbances and three cases of ototoxicity, which required a decrease in clarithromycin dosage after a short interruption of treatment. There were 14 treatment successes, seven treatment failures, defined by absence of bacteriologic conversion, and in one patient the disease evolution remains uncertain. CONCLUSION The combination of clarithromycin with minocycline and clofazimine proved effective with persistently negative cultures in 64% of the patients, and an overall good drug tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roussel
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Laennec, Paris, France
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Roussel G, Roche D, Momas I, Brahimi N, Callais F, Lequang NT, Labrousse F. Usefulness of markers in managing tobacco withdrawal. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1997; 45:467-471. [PMID: 9309261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the usefulness of tobacco markers in dependent smokers being treated with transdermal nicotine patches, a study was conducted at the Tobacco Withdrawal Consultation Centre at the Hôpital Laennec, Paris, France. 125 patients were included in the study and, in a first time, carbon monoxide in exhaled air, carboxyhaemoglobin, urinary nicotine and cotinine, Fagerström index, were measured and correlated to the amount of nicotine inhaled per day. The most significant value was observed for cotinine. In a second time, 25 patients were followed clinically and biologically with urinary continine monitoring (group FC) and 73 were followed up only clinically (group FC). The success rate of therapy 12 weeks after the end of treatment was 72% in group FB and 28% in group FC. The nicotine patch dose was positively correlated (p < 0.01) with successful outcome. The lower the urinary cotinine level at 4 weeks, the more likely was successful outcome (p < 0.05). If psychological factors remain important, urinary cotinine monitoring in the course of nicotine patch treatment thus favours successful withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roussel
- Centre de Prévention des Maladies Respiratoires, Consultation Antitabac, Hôpital Laennec, Paris, France
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Charbonnier F, Périn JP, Roussel G, Nussbaum JL, Alliel PM. [Cloning of testican/SPOCK in man and mouse. Neuromuscular expression perspectives in pathology]. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil 1997; 191:127-33. [PMID: 9181134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have recently cloned a novel proteoglycan initially identified in human testis and hence previously called testican. A close examination of the overall protein structure reveals three main regions: four osteonectin/SPARC-like domains encompassing the amino-terminal and central part of the deduced protein, a Kazal-like motif overlapping the third domain, and the CWCV domain in the carboxyl-terminal end region of the protein core. We propose to call it SPOCK, the acronym of SPARC/Osteonectin CWCV and Kazal-like domains proteoglycan, according to its specific multidomain structure. To get further insight into the function, a Northern blot analysis was performed in order to determine the site of expression in various adult tissues; a 5.2 kb transcript appeared only but strongly in mouse brain. The structure of the murine brain proteoglycan was determined through molecular cloning; human and mouse deduced proteins are highly homologous with 95% overall amino acid identity. Murine brain serial sections hybridized with cDNA and immunological probes revealed identical distribution in discrete cerebral regions, such as CA3 hippocampal region and cerebellum. Immunoelectron microscopy showed the antigen selectively localized in the post-synaptic density of scattered pyramidal neurons and Purkinje cells. Structural analysis, a main expression in nervous system and preliminary assignment of the human gene in a critical region for neuropathologies, suggest that SPOCK may be of importance in neural development and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Bonnet F, Périn JP, Charbonnier F, Camuzat A, Roussel G, Nussbaum JL, Alliel PM. Structure and cellular distribution of mouse brain testican. Association with the postsynaptic area of hippocampus pyramidal cells. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:4373-80. [PMID: 8626787 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.8.4373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The complete deduced primary structure of mouse brain testican has been established from cDNA cloning. The cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 442 amino acids belonging to the proteoglycan family. The mouse brain testican core protein is 95% identical to its human testicular counterpart. In situ hybridization investigations revealed that mouse testican mRNA is mainly present in a subpopulation of pyramidal neurons localized in the CA3 area of the hippocampus. An immunocytochemical approach, with antibodies directed against an overexpressed chimeric antigen, produced in bacterial systems, showed that testican is associated with the postsynaptic region of these pyramidal neurons. Testican includes several putative functional domains related to extracellular or pericellular proteins associated with binding and/or regulatory functions. On the basis of its structural organization and its occurrence in postsynaptic areas, this proteoglycan might contribute to various neuronal mechanisms in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bonnet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 1188, Université Paris V, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, F-75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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32
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Roussel G, Roche D, Brahimi N, Lequang NT, Salem A, Ekindjian OG. [Quantification of passive smoking in an survey of smoking coaches in the French high-speed trains (TGV Sud-Est)]. Presse Med 1994; 23:1559-64. [PMID: 7824490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Passive smoking has been demonstrated in many situations. We designed an experimental protocol to measure passive smoking in the coaches of the French high-speed train (TGV) and to attempt to identify interindividual variability in sensitivity. METHODS Ten healthy non-smokers (5 males, 5 females) volunteered to avoid exposure to tobacco smoke for the duration of the study. On three separate occasion they were subjected to a 5-hour trip in the smoking coaches of the French TGV (south-east line). Twelve-hour urine samples were collected before each trip and over the following 72 hours. Urinary cotinine was measured in each fraction. RESULTS Significant levels of urinary cotinine were found for a prolonged period in these passive smokers. Elimination of the tobacco by-product was similar to the level observed in subjects smoking 2 to 5 cigarettes per day. The kinetics of cotinine elimination was reproducible from one trip to another for any given individual, however significant interindividual variability was observed despite normal liver function in all. CONCLUSION Measurement of urinary cotinine is potentially useful in non-smokers who are involuntarily exposed to tobacco smoke and who wish to know the extent of their exposure.
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Lequang NT, Roussel G, Roche D, Migueres ML, Chretien J, Ekindjian OG. Urine collection for nicotine and cotinine measurement in studies on nicotine addicts. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1994; 42:191-6. [PMID: 8090564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the reasons for the paucity of tabagism exposure data on the consequences of smoking is the difficulty in obtaining urine samples and the fact that the optimal storage conditions remains undetermined. The authors therefore assessed the influence of storage on urinary nicotine and cotinine levels both at room temperature and after freezing. The variations observed were not statistically significant for up to 30 hours at room temperature or for up to 8 days at -25 degrees C. They then studied the excretion of cotinine and nicotine in overnight and 24-h urine specimens collected from 90 non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke and 40 smokers. The correlation between overnight and 24-h excretion was excellent in the case of cotinine (r = 0.89) and poor for nicotine (r = 0.18), probably because of their respective half-lives. Lastly, the usefulness of referring the urinary cotinine to the urinary creatinine was questioned. The authors conclude that valuable studies should be based on overnight urines samples stored at room temperature for up to 30 hours and then frozen at -25 degrees C until quantification of cotinine expressed in microgram/fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Lequang
- Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, Hôpital Laënnec, Paris, France
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Doble A, Canton T, Dreisler S, Piot O, Boireau A, Stutzmann JM, Bardone MC, Rataud J, Roux M, Roussel G. RP 59037 and RP 60503: anxiolytic cyclopyrrolone derivatives with low sedative potential. interaction with the gamma-aminobutyric acidA/benzodiazepine receptor complex and behavioral effects in the rodent. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 266:1213-26. [PMID: 8103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the pharmacological properties of two novel cyclopyrrolone derivatives, RP 59037 [2-(7-chloro-2-naphthyridin-1,8-yl)-3-(5- methyl-2-oxohexyl)isoindolin-1-one] and RP 60503 [2-(7-chloro-2-naphthyridin-1,8-yl)isoindolin-1-yl-4- acetamidobutyrate], in the rodent. These compounds possess high affinity for the benzodiazepine binding site on the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor in rat cerebrocortical membranes with Ki values of 0.98 nM (RP 59037) and 1.16 nM (RP 60503). Neither compound discriminates between the putative benzodiazepine BZ1 and BZ2 binding site subtypes present in the rat cerebellum and hippocampus, respectively. Both compounds protect mice against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures with ID50 values of 0.21 mg.kg-1 p.o. (RP 59037) and 5.96 mg.kg-1 p.o. (RP 60503). The two compounds displayed a restricted anticonvulsant profile compared to diazepam and, in this respect, resembled the pyrazoloquinoline partial agonist, CGS 9896. RP 59037 and RP 60503 were active in two rat models predictive of anxiolytic drug action, a modified Geller-Seifter conflict paradigm (minimal effective dose, 0.33 mg.kg-1 p.o. for RP 59037 and 5 mg.kg-1 p.o. for RP 60503) and the elevated plus maze (minimal effective dose, 0.33 mg.kg-1 p.o. for RP 59037 and 5 mg.kg-1 p.o. for RP 60503). Only very low activities were observed in tests of sedative or myorelaxant effects (ED50 > 50 mg.kg-1 p.o.). It is concluded that the two cyclopyrrolones possess a dissociated behavioral profile, displaying potent anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties with little or no sedative or myorelaxant effects. Although both compounds appear to be partial agonists at their allosteric recognition site on the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor, RP 60503 seems to be more dissociated than RP 59037, which would be compatible with it having lower intrinsic activity. This difference is reflected in a higher receptor occupancy requirement for activity, and a smaller modulatory effect on the binding of t-[35S]butylbicyclophosphothionate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Doble
- Biology Department, Centre de Recherches de Vitry-Alfortville, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
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35
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Pham-Dinh D, Mattei MG, Nussbaum JL, Roussel G, Pontarotti P, Roeckel N, Mather IH, Artzt K, Lindahl KF, Dautigny A. Myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein is a member of a subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily encoded within the major histocompatibility complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:7990-4. [PMID: 8367453 PMCID: PMC47273 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.17.7990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is found on the surface of myelinating oligodendrocytes and external lamellae of myelin sheaths in the central nervous system, and it is a target antigen in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. We have isolated bovine, mouse, and rat MOG cDNA clones and shown that the developmental pattern of MOG expression in the rat central nervous system coincides with the late stages of myelination. The amino-terminal, extracellular domain of MOG has characteristics of an immunoglobulin variable domain and is 46% and 41% identical with the amino terminus of bovine butyrophilin (expressed in the lactating mammary gland) and B-G antigens of the chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC), respectively; these proteins thus form a subset of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The homology between MOG and B-G extends beyond their structure and genetic mapping to their ability to induce strong antibody responses and has implications for the role of MOG in pathological, autoimmune conditions. We colocalized the MOG and BT genes to the human MHC on chromosome 6p21.3-p22. The mouse MOG gene was mapped to the homologous band C of chromosome 17, within the M region of the mouse MHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pham-Dinh
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité 1488, Université de Paris VI, France
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Birling MC, Roussel G, Nussbaum F, Nussbaum JL. Biochemical and immunohistochemical studies with specific polyclonal antibodies directed against bovine myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Neurochem Res 1993; 18:937-45. [PMID: 8371836 DOI: 10.1007/bf00998280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bovine myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) was purified from a Wolfgram protein fraction of brain myelin by molecular sieving and preparative gel electrophoresis. The N-terminal sequence of this wheat germ agglutinin reacting glycoprotein was determined. Antibodies against purified MOG and synthetic N-terminal octapeptide of MOG were produced in rabbits. Respective affinity purified antibody preparations gave identical results on Western blots. Treatment with specific glycosidases indicated that the oligosaccharide chains of MOG are only of N-chain type. This glycoprotein seems to be restricted to mammalian species since it was not detected in other animal species, ranging from fish up to reptiles. Immunohistochemical investigations on rat brain sections revealed that MOG is restricted to myelin sheaths and oligodendrocytes, thus corroborating previous results obtained with the MOG 8-18C5 monoclonal antibody. Decreased staining pattern in Jimpy brain further attested its specific localization in myelin-related structures. The octapeptide site-specific antibodies were not reactive on brain sections which may be attributed to the burying of this N-terminal sequence in the membrane. These MOG polyclonal antibodies appear to be valuable tools for further studies concerning this minor glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Birling
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Ontogénique, Centre de Neurochimie du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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Cren H, Lechevrel C, Roussel G, Lemoisson E, Goussard J. Use of automated smoothing and deconvolution procedures for the determination of human breast cancer estrogen and progesterone receptor isoforms, after high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr 1993; 615:23-36. [PMID: 7688004 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80287-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Automated smoothing and deconvolution procedures were used to analyse complex chromatographic patterns of human breast cancer estrogen and progesterone receptors, obtained by size-exclusion chromatography. By injecting, first, different known amounts of a radio-iodinated protein in a TSK G-3000 SW column, constructed complex chromatograms (twelve chromatograms) with known peak positions were obtained, and were further treated by mathematical functions to determine a smooth-deconvolution strategy, which could be used with unknown chromatographic patterns. The determination of peak areas by a "curve-fit" program showed a good correlation with the amounts of protein injected (r = 0.91). Human breast cancer estrogen receptors (56 cases) and progesterone receptors (45 cases) were chromatographed in a TSK G-3000 SW column, and further analysed with the smoothing and deconvolution procedures: eight different estrogen receptor isoforms were detected with molecular masses ranging from 530,000 [Stoke's radius (Rs) = 7.7 nm] to 23,000 (Rs = 2.6 nm), and eight progesterone receptor isoforms were observed with masses ranging from 680,000 (Rs = 8.6 nm) to 50,000 (Rs = 3.1 nm). The dissociation effect of KCl (0 to 1 M) on receptor structure yielded different proportions of receptor isoforms, but did not modify their different peak positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cren
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Isotopiques, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
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Roussel G, Mignot P. Behaviour of steam generator tubes in Belgium and its consequences. Nuclear Engineering and Design 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-5493(92)90089-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Goussard J, Lechevrel C, Roussel G, Cren H, Bera O, Sala M. Immunoradiometric assay of pS2 protein in breast cancer cytosols. Clin Chem 1991; 37:1759-62. [PMID: 1914181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the ELSA-pS2 immunoradiometric kit (CIS Bio International) for pS2 protein assay in breast cancer cytosols according to classic validation methods. In addition, we studied correlations between pS2, steroid receptors, and cathepsin-D assays. Repeatability (CV = 1.5% to 4.8%) and reproducibility (CV = 1.6% to 4.9%) were good. The results were linearly related to pS2 concentrations between 205 and 2200 ng/L; the detection limit was 40 ng/L. The accuracy of the assay was measured by assessing recovery; analytical recoveries were near 100% throughout the standard curve. The use of different compounds for cytosol preparation (Tris 10 mmol/L or phosphate 25 mmol/L, KCl 0.4 mol/L, bovine serum albumin 1 g/L) had no effect on pS2 results. pS2 was assayed in breast tumor cytosols from 197 postmenopausal and 92 premenopausal patients. The mean value was 24 micrograms/g of protein; the median and 25th and 75th percentiles were 6, 1, and 23 micrograms/g protein, respectively. We observed a relation between concentrations of pS2 and those of estrogen and progesterone receptors, but there was no relationship between the concentrations of pS2 and cathepsin-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Goussard
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Isotopiques, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
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Cren H, Lechevrel C, Roussel G, Goussard J. Evolution of immunoreactivity of monoclonal antibodies H222 and/or D547 used in the detection of breast cancer estrogen receptors. Varying reactivity of receptor isoforms. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1991; 39:519-27. [PMID: 1911441 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(91)90246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
From 1984 to 1990, human breast cancer estrogen receptors have been measured both by a radioligand assay (RLA[3H]estradiol) and by an enzyme immunoassay (Abbott ER-EIA kit). The ratio EIA/RLA results increased continuously from 1.04 (1984) to 1.87 (1990), and this evolution was consistent with the last trial of the E.O.R.T.C. receptor study group (Trial 1989-II, EIA/RLA = 2.5). Dilution studies of cytosols with the current ER-EIA kits showed an important parallelism defect of the standard curve, the final result of cytosols (fmol/mg protein) obtained from the upper part of the curve (between 100 and 500 fmol/ml) being 1.5 to 2 times higher than the results obtained from readings of the lower part of the standard curve (between 0 and 50 fmol/ml). Chromatographic experiments were carried out during 1986 and the measures of binding sites by RLA and of immunoreactive sites by EIA on chromatographic fractions were compared. Identical results were obtained with EIA and RLA, either on polymeric forms of the estrogen receptor, or on monomeric forms obtained after dissociation by 0.4 M KCl. The same experiments performed during 1990 showed that, in the chromatographic fractions, the concentration of immunoreactive sites was twice as large as that of ligand-binding sites, detected by tritiated estradiol. Furthermore, the detection of polymeric and monomeric receptor isoforms by monoclonal antibodies varied, and was increased by the presence of KCl (0.4 M) and/or bovine serum albumin (BSA) (1 mg/ml) in the cytosol. These findings showed that the large differences between enzyme immunoassay and ligand-binding assay results currently observed were due to differential reactivity of monoclonal antibodies for the estrogen receptor standard provided in the ER-EIA kits and for the estrogen receptor present in cytosols from human breast cancers, suggesting modifications of immunoreactivity of the monoclonal antibodies actually provided in the ER-EIA kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cren
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Isotopiques, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
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42
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Abstract
Abstract
We studied the ELSA-pS2 immunoradiometric kit (CIS Bio International) for pS2 protein assay in breast cancer cytosols according to classic validation methods. In addition, we studied correlations between pS2, steroid receptors, and cathepsin-D assays. Repeatability (CV = 1.5% to 4.8%) and reproducibility (CV = 1.6% to 4.9%) were good. The results were linearly related to pS2 concentrations between 205 and 2200 ng/L; the detection limit was 40 ng/L. The accuracy of the assay was measured by assessing recovery; analytical recoveries were near 100% throughout the standard curve. The use of different compounds for cytosol preparation (Tris 10 mmol/L or phosphate 25 mmol/L, KCl 0.4 mol/L, bovine serum albumin 1 g/L) had no effect on pS2 results. pS2 was assayed in breast tumor cytosols from 197 postmenopausal and 92 premenopausal patients. The mean value was 24 micrograms/g of protein; the median and 25th and 75th percentiles were 6, 1, and 23 micrograms/g protein, respectively. We observed a relation between concentrations of pS2 and those of estrogen and progesterone receptors, but there was no relationship between the concentrations of pS2 and cathepsin-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Goussard
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Isotopiques, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - C Lechevrel
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Isotopiques, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - G Roussel
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Isotopiques, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - H Cren
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Isotopiques, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - O Bera
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Isotopiques, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - M Sala
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Isotopiques, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
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43
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Abstract
The major central nervous system (CNS) myelin proteolipid (PLP) is also expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This paper gives evidence that DM-20, an isoform of PLP, also occurs in rat sciatic nerves, where, in contrast to what is seen in CNS myelin, it predominates over PLP. This conclusion was reached on the basis of results obtained by immunoblot analysis of a crude proteolipid extract from adult peripheral nerve with two site-specific anti-proteolipid (PLP and DM-20) antibodies. This finding was further corroborated by characterization of the products obtained by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of cDNAs synthesized from total RNA of 14-day-old sciatic nerves. The significance of the occurrence of these proteolipids in PNS remains obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pham-Dinh
- Laboratoire des Protéines (URA 1188 CNRS), Université de Paris V, France
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44
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Roussel G, Felix JM, Dautigny A, Pham-Dinh D, Hindelang C, Jollès P, Nussbaum JL. In situ localization of NF-H neurofilament subunit mRNAs in rat brain. Dev Neurosci 1991; 13:98-103. [PMID: 2070748 DOI: 10.1159/000112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of NF-H neurofilament subunit mRNAs was investigated in the rat brain at different ontogenic stages. The levels of NF-H mRNAs vary 15-fold among brain regions with the highest level in the brainstem. In situ localization studies revealed that the NF-H mRNAs are mainly concentrated in the brainstem motoneuron nuclei. By increasing the sensitivity of the hybridization method, NF-H mRNAs could also be localized in neurons present in the cortex, thalamus and hippocampus areas. Minor amounts of NF-H mRNAs were already detected at 17-day embryonic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roussel
- Centre de Neurochimie du CNRS and U44 de l'INSERM, Strasbourg, France
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45
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Roussel G, Le Quang NT, Miguères ML, Roche D, Mongin-Charpin D, Chrétien J, Ekindjian OG. [Interpretation of the values of urinary cotinine in smokers and non-smokers]. Rev Mal Respir 1991; 8:225-32. [PMID: 1857816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The values of urinary cotinine measured using high performance liquid chromatography in 125 adults (44 men and 81 women) were compared with the degree of intoxication and/or exposure to tobacco experienced over six consecutive days by auto-questionnaire. The subjects were classified in 6 groups: non exposed non smokers and non smokers exposed for less than one hour (1, n = 16); non smokers exposed for between 1 and 10 hours (2, n = 26); non smokers exposed for more than 10 hours and less than 30 hours (3, n = 33); non smokers exposed for more than 30 hours (4, n = 13); smokers smoking less than 20 cigarettes per day (5, n = 16); smokers smoking 20 cigarettes or more per day (6, n = 21). The measurements were made on urine specimens from the first morning (fraction F1), from the day and night (F2) and those of the second morning (F3). The results were expressed in micrograms/fraction and were as follows: Group 1: 37.3 (F1); 149.5 (F2); 26.8 (F3)--Group 2: 81.2; 234.1; 75.4--Group 3: 121.1; 383.1; 80.7--Group 4: 98.8; 253.7; 117.2--Group 5: 206.9; 773.8; 188--Group 6: 483.1; 1908.2; 431.3. Cotinine was found in all individuals whether they declared that they were exposed or non exposed (with the exception of a single person amongs the latter). In spite of a certain amount of overlapping between the results of the individuals in groups 4 and 5, the values obtained enabled a differentiation between the degrees of tobacco absorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roussel
- Centre de Prévention des Maladies Respiratoires, Hôpital Laennec, Paris
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46
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Malleron JL, Roussel G, Gueremy G, Ponsinet G, Robin JL, Terlain B, Tissieres JM. Penta- and hexadienoic acid derivatives: a novel series of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. J Med Chem 1990; 33:2744-9. [PMID: 2213827 DOI: 10.1021/jm00172a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of pentadienoic and hexadienoic acid derivatives is reported. These compounds were tested as inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase (5 LO) and cyclooxygenase (CO) in vitro and as inhibitors of arachidonic acid (AA) induced ear edema in mice in vivo. Their potency is compared with that of the standard inhibitors nafazatrom, BW 755C, NDGA, KME4, quercetine, and L 652,243. The most potent compound in vivo, diethyl 2-hydroxy-5-(ethylthio)-2(Z),4(Z)-hexadienedioate (20) inhibited AA-induced ear edema when administered topically or orally, with an ED50 value of 0.01 mg/ear and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Among the standard compounds tested, L 652,243 was the most active compound in this test with an ED50 value of 0.01 mg/ear and 1 mg/kg po, but unlike this compound, 20 is a selective inhibitor of 5-LO (IC50 = 2 microM) without any significant activity against CO (IC50 greater than 50 microM). Most of the other compounds in this series are also selective 5-LO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Malleron
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Recherches de Vitry, Rhône-Poulenc Santé, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
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47
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Goussard J, Lechevrel C, Roussel G. Immunological and physiological analysis of human breast cancer progesterone receptor heterogeneity, following KCl dissociation and size exclusion chromatography. J Steroid Biochem 1989; 33:1063-72. [PMID: 2482387 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(89)90410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PR) levels were determined in 69 human breast cancer specimens by both radioligand assay (RLA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). These methods did not detect the same number of sites, and for each tumor there was a constant ratio between epitopes and PR-binding sites corresponding to 1/4, 2/4, ... 8/4. High performance size exclusion chromatography was performed to separate the various PR isoforms, and the ability of these isoforms to interact with the monoclonal antibodies was assessed. Determination of PR in the chromatographic fractions by EIA and RLA showed that the various isoforms isolated by chromatography presented variable quantities of steroid-binding sites and epitopes, thus confirming the differences observed in the cytosol assays. The dissociation of molybdate-stabilized PR by KCl and measurement by RLA and EIA of the isoforms obtained showed two different types of chromatographic patterns, particularly in the 8S polymeric form where the monoclonal antibodies appeared to detect mainly the heavier 8S fraction, which may correspond to the 8S-B form of the progesterone receptor. The monoclonal antibodies also detected an intermediate PR polymeric form (236 kDa) which was not always detected by the tritiated ligand. Our results suggest that breast cancer PR exhibit a marked molecular heterogeneity which may partially explain the differences in response to hormonal therapy, particularly for tumors with high receptor levels which nonetheless fail to respond to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Goussard
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Isotopiques, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
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48
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Thuan NT, Migueres ML, Roche D, Roussel G, Mahuzier G, Chretien J, Ekindjian OG. Elimination of caffeine interference in HPLC determination of urinary nicotine and cotinine. Clin Chem 1989; 35:1456-9. [PMID: 2758592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report an analytical reversed-phase liquid-chromatographic procedure for quantifying nicotine and cotinine in urine, taking into account the presence of interfering caffeine frequently encountered in such specimens. These analytes are extracted from the alkalinized urine with chloroform. After evaporation of the chloroform, the residue is dissolved in methanol and injected into a chromatographic C18 column. Extraction recoveries averaged 80% to 97%. Chromatographic conditions were investigated to obviate caffeine interference. The proposed eluent mobile phase is a polar mixture of water, acetonitrile, methanol, and a pH 4 acetoacetate buffer (65/2/29/4 by vol) adjusted to pH 4.30 +/- 0.02 with triethylamine. High resolution and linearity were obtained for each analyte up to a concentration of 200 mg/L. The minimum detectable amount of each compound was 20 ng per injection, corresponding to 10 micrograms per liter of urine. Correlation with results of gas-liquid chromatography was excellent (r = 0.99). This simple, rapid procedure allows routine screening of tobacco exposure with acceptable precision: within- and between-run coefficients of variation were less than 2% and less than 5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Thuan
- Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, Hôpital Laënnec, Paris, France
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49
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Thuan NT, Migueres ML, Roche D, Roussel G, Mahuzier G, Chretien J, Ekindjian OG. Elimination of caffeine interference in HPLC determination of urinary nicotine and cotinine. Clin Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/35.7.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We report an analytical reversed-phase liquid-chromatographic procedure for quantifying nicotine and cotinine in urine, taking into account the presence of interfering caffeine frequently encountered in such specimens. These analytes are extracted from the alkalinized urine with chloroform. After evaporation of the chloroform, the residue is dissolved in methanol and injected into a chromatographic C18 column. Extraction recoveries averaged 80% to 97%. Chromatographic conditions were investigated to obviate caffeine interference. The proposed eluent mobile phase is a polar mixture of water, acetonitrile, methanol, and a pH 4 acetoacetate buffer (65/2/29/4 by vol) adjusted to pH 4.30 +/- 0.02 with triethylamine. High resolution and linearity were obtained for each analyte up to a concentration of 200 mg/L. The minimum detectable amount of each compound was 20 ng per injection, corresponding to 10 micrograms per liter of urine. Correlation with results of gas-liquid chromatography was excellent (r = 0.99). This simple, rapid procedure allows routine screening of tobacco exposure with acceptable precision: within- and between-run coefficients of variation were less than 2% and less than 5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Thuan
- Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, Hôpital Laënnec, Paris, France
| | - M L Migueres
- Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, Hôpital Laënnec, Paris, France
| | - D Roche
- Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, Hôpital Laënnec, Paris, France
| | - G Roussel
- Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, Hôpital Laënnec, Paris, France
| | - G Mahuzier
- Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, Hôpital Laënnec, Paris, France
| | - J Chretien
- Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, Hôpital Laënnec, Paris, France
| | - O G Ekindjian
- Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, Hôpital Laënnec, Paris, France
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50
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Bailleul S, Gauduchon P, Malas JP, Lechevrel C, Roussel G, Goussard J. Steroid receptors analysis in human mammary tumors by isoelectric focusing in agarose. Anal Biochem 1988; 172:311-9. [PMID: 3189782 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(88)90450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A high resolution and quantitative method for isoelectric focusing has been developed to separate the isoforms of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human mammary tumor cytosols stabilized by sodium molybdate. Agarose gels (0.5%) were used. Six samples can be analyzed on one gel in about 2 h, and 35-microliters samples are sufficient to determine the estrogen receptor isoform pattern. The constant yields and the reproducibility of data allow a quantitative analysis of these receptors. Four estrogen receptor isoforms have been observed (pI 4.7, 5.5, 6, and 6.5), isoforms with pI 4.7 and 6.5 being present in all tumors. After incubation at 28 degrees C in high ionic strength, the comparison of isoelectric focusing and high-performance size exclusion chromatography patterns of estrogen receptor confirms the oligomeric structure of the pI 4.7 isoform and suggests a monomeric structure for the pI 6.5 isoform. Under the same conditions of analysis, only one progesterone receptor isoform has been detected with pI 4.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bailleul
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Isotopiques, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
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