1
|
Moaddel R, Ubaida‐Mohien C, Tanaka T, Tian Q, Candia J, Moore AZ, Lovett J, Fantoni G, Shehadeh N, Turek L, Collingham V, Kaileh M, Chia CW, Sen R, Egan JM, Ferrucci L. Cross-sectional analysis of healthy individuals across decades: Aging signatures across multiple physiological compartments. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13902. [PMID: 37350292 PMCID: PMC10776121 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of age-related biomarkers from different biofluids and tissues within the same individual might provide a more comprehensive understanding of age-related changes within and between compartments as these changes are likely highly interconnected. Understanding age-related differences by compartments may shed light on the mechanism of their reciprocal interactions, which may contribute to the phenotypic manifestations of aging. To study such possible interactions, we carried out a targeted metabolomic analysis of plasma, skeletal muscle, and urine collected from healthy participants, age 22-92 years, and identified 92, 34, and 35 age-associated metabolites, respectively. The metabolic pathways that were identified across compartments included inflammation and cellular senescence, microbial metabolism, mitochondrial health, sphingolipid metabolism, lysosomal membrane permeabilization, vascular aging, and kidney function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Qu Tian
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Julián Candia
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ann Zenobia Moore
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Giovanna Fantoni
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nader Shehadeh
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Lisa Turek
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Victoria Collingham
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Mary Kaileh
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Chee W. Chia
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Josephine M. Egan
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vreones M, Mustapic M, Moaddel R, Pucha KA, Lovett J, Seals DR, Kapogiannis D, Martens CR. Oral nicotinamide riboside raises NAD+ and lowers biomarkers of neurodegenerative pathology in plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13754. [PMID: 36515353 PMCID: PMC9835564 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Declining nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) concentration in the brain during aging contributes to metabolic and cellular dysfunction and is implicated in the pathogenesis of aging-associated neurological disorders. Experimental therapies aimed at boosting brain NAD+ levels normalize several neurodegenerative phenotypes in animal models, motivating their clinical translation. Dietary intake of NAD+ precursors, such as nicotinamide riboside (NR), is a safe and effective avenue for augmenting NAD+ levels in peripheral tissues in humans, yet evidence supporting their ability to raise NAD+ levels in the brain or engage neurodegenerative disease pathways is lacking. Here, we studied biomarkers in plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin (NEVs) from 22 healthy older adults who participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial (NCT02921659) of oral NR supplementation (500 mg, 2x /day, 6 weeks). We demonstrate that oral NR supplementation increases NAD+ levels in NEVs and decreases NEV levels of Aβ42, pJNK, and pERK1/2 (kinases involved in insulin resistance and neuroinflammatory pathways). In addition, changes in NAD(H) correlated with changes in canonical insulin-Akt signaling proteins and changes in pERK1/2 and pJNK. These findings support the ability of orally administered NR to augment neuronal NAD+ levels and modify biomarkers related to neurodegenerative pathology in humans. Furthermore, NEVs offer a new blood-based window into monitoring the physiologic response of NR in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vreones
- Human Neuroscience SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Maja Mustapic
- Human Neuroscience SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Human Neuroscience SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Krishna A. Pucha
- Human Neuroscience SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Human Neuroscience SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Georgiou P, Zanos P, Mou TCM, An X, Gerhard DM, Dryanovski DI, Potter LE, Highland JN, Jenne CE, Stewart BW, Pultorak KJ, Yuan P, Powels CF, Lovett J, Pereira EFR, Clark SM, Tonelli LH, Moaddel R, Zarate CA, Duman RS, Thompson SM, Gould TD. Experimenters' sex modulates mouse behaviors and neural responses to ketamine via corticotropin releasing factor. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1191-1200. [PMID: 36042309 PMCID: PMC10186684 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We show that the sex of human experimenters affects mouse behaviors and responses following administration of the rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine and its bioactive metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine. Mice showed aversion to the scent of male experimenters, preference for the scent of female experimenters and increased stress susceptibility when handled by male experimenters. This human-male-scent-induced aversion and stress susceptibility was mediated by the activation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons in the entorhinal cortex that project to hippocampal area CA1. Exposure to the scent of male experimenters before ketamine administration activated CA1-projecting entorhinal cortex CRF neurons, and activation of this CRF pathway modulated in vivo and in vitro antidepressant-like effects of ketamine. A better understanding of the specific and quantitative contributions of the sex of human experimenters to study outcomes in rodents may improve replicability between studies and, as we have shown, reveal biological and pharmacological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polymnia Georgiou
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panos Zanos
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ta-Chung M Mou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoxian An
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danielle M Gerhard
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dilyan I Dryanovski
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liam E Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaclyn N Highland
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Graduate Program in Toxicology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carleigh E Jenne
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brent W Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katherine J Pultorak
- The Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peixiong Yuan
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chris F Powels
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edna F R Pereira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah M Clark
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leonardo H Tonelli
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott M Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Todd D Gould
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moaddel R, Zanos P, Farmer CA, Kadriu B, Morris PJ, Lovett J, Acevedo-Diaz EE, Cavanaugh GW, Yuan P, Yavi M, Thomas CJ, Park LT, Ferrucci L, Gould TD, Zarate CA. Comparative metabolomic analysis in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of humans and in plasma and brain of mice following antidepressant-dose ketamine administration. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:179. [PMID: 35501309 PMCID: PMC9061764 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Subanesthetic-dose racemic (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) produces rapid, robust, and sustained antidepressant effects in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and has also been shown to effectively treat neuropathic pain, complex regional pain syndrome, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, to date, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Preclinical studies found that (2 R,6 R;2 S,6 S)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK), a major circulating metabolite of ketamine, elicits antidepressant effects similar to those of ketamine. To help determine how (2 R,6 R)-HNK contributes to ketamine's mechanism of action, an exploratory, targeted, metabolomic analysis was carried out on plasma and CSF of nine healthy volunteers receiving a 40-minute ketamine infusion (0.5 mg/kg). A parallel targeted metabolomic analysis in plasma, hippocampus, and hypothalamus was carried out in mice receiving either 10 mg/kg of ketamine, 10 mg/kg of (2 R,6 R)-HNK, or saline. Ketamine and (2 R,6 R)-HNK both affected multiple pathways associated with inflammatory conditions. In addition, several changes were unique to either the healthy human volunteers and/or the mouse arm of the study, indicating that different pathways may be differentially involved in ketamine's effects in mice and humans. Mechanisms of action found to consistently underlie the effects of ketamine and/or (2 R,6 R)-HNK across both the human metabolome in plasma and CSF and the mouse arm of the study included LAT1, IDO1, NAD+, the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway, and sphingolipid rheostat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 21224, MD, USA.
| | - Panos Zanos
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 2109, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Cristan A Farmer
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bashkim Kadriu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick J Morris
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 21224, MD, USA
| | - Elia E Acevedo-Diaz
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grace W Cavanaugh
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peixiong Yuan
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mani Yavi
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Lawrence T Park
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, 21224, MD, USA
| | - Todd D Gould
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, MD, USA
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Highland JN, Farmer CA, Zanos P, Lovett J, Zarate CA, Moaddel R, Gould TD. Sex-dependent metabolism of ketamine and ( 2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in mice and humans. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:170-182. [PMID: 34971525 PMCID: PMC9904319 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211064922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine is rapidly metabolized to norketamine and hydroxynorketamine (HNK) metabolites. In female mice, when compared to males, higher levels of (2R,6R;2S,6S)-HNK have been observed following ketamine treatment, and higher levels of (2R,6R)-HNK following the direct administration of (2R,6R)-HNK. AIM The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of sex in humans and mice, and gonadal hormones in mice on the metabolism of ketamine to form norketamine and HNKs and in the metabolism/elimination of (2R,6R)-HNK. METHODS In CD-1 mice, we utilized gonadectomy to evaluate the role of circulating gonadal hormones in mediating sex-dependent differences in ketamine and (2R,6R)-HNK metabolism. In humans (34 with treatment-resistant depression and 23 healthy controls) receiving an antidepressant dose of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg i.v. infusion over 40 min), we evaluated plasma levels of ketamine, norketamine, and HNKs. RESULTS In humans, plasma levels of ketamine and norketamine were higher in males than females, while (2R,6R;2S,6S)-HNK levels were not different. Following ketamine administration to mice (10 mg/kg i.p.), Cmax and total plasma concentrations of ketamine and norketamine were higher, and those of (2R,6R;2S,6S)-HNK were lower, in intact males compared to females. Direct (2R,6R)-HNK administration (10 mg/kg i.p.) resulted in higher levels of (2R,6R)-HNK in female mice. Ovariectomy did not alter ketamine metabolism in female mice, whereas orchidectomy recapitulated female pharmacokinetic differences in male mice, which was reversed with testosterone replacement. CONCLUSION Sex is an important biological variable that influences the metabolism of ketamine and the HNKs, which may contribute to sex differences in therapeutic antidepressant efficacy or side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn N. Highland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA.,Program in Toxicology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Cristan A. Farmer
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Panos Zanos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA.,Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA.,Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Todd D. Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA.,Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA.,Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA.,Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore MD, USA.,Reprint requests: Todd D. Gould, Rm. 936 MSTF 685 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghorasaini M, Mohammed Y, Adamski J, Bettcher L, Bowden JA, Cabruja M, Contrepois K, Ellenberger M, Gajera B, Haid M, Hornburg D, Hunter C, Jones CM, Klein T, Mayboroda O, Mirzaian M, Moaddel R, Ferrucci L, Lovett J, Nazir K, Pearson M, Ubhi BK, Raftery D, Riols F, Sayers R, Sijbrands EJG, Snyder MP, Su B, Velagapudi V, Williams KJ, de Rijke YB, Giera M. Cross-Laboratory Standardization of Preclinical Lipidomics Using Differential Mobility Spectrometry and Multiple Reaction Monitoring. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16369-16378. [PMID: 34859676 PMCID: PMC8674878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Modern biomarker and translational research as well as personalized health care studies rely heavily on powerful omics' technologies, including metabolomics and lipidomics. However, to translate metabolomics and lipidomics discoveries into a high-throughput clinical setting, standardization is of utmost importance. Here, we compared and benchmarked a quantitative lipidomics platform. The employed Lipidyzer platform is based on lipid class separation by means of differential mobility spectrometry with subsequent multiple reaction monitoring. Quantitation is achieved by the use of 54 deuterated internal standards and an automated informatics approach. We investigated the platform performance across nine laboratories using NIST SRM 1950-Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma, and three NIST Candidate Reference Materials 8231-Frozen Human Plasma Suite for Metabolomics (high triglyceride, diabetic, and African-American plasma). In addition, we comparatively analyzed 59 plasma samples from individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia from a clinical cohort study. We provide evidence that the more practical methyl-tert-butyl ether extraction outperforms the classic Bligh and Dyer approach and compare our results with two previously published ring trials. In summary, we present standardized lipidomics protocols, allowing for the highly reproducible analysis of several hundred human plasma lipids, and present detailed molecular information for potentially disease relevant and ethnicity-related materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Ghorasaini
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Yassene Mohammed
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
- Genome
BC Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute
of Experimental Genetics, German Research Center for Environmental
Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Ljubljana, Vrazov
Trg 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Lisa Bettcher
- Northwest
Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - John A. Bowden
- Department
of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Matias Cabruja
- Department
of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department
of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mathew Ellenberger
- Department
of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bharat Gajera
- Metabolomics
Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Mark Haid
- Metabolomics
and Proteomics Core, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Daniel Hornburg
- Department
of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Christina M. Jones
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Theo Klein
- Department
of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg Mayboroda
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department
of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of
Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United
States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of
Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United
States
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of
Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United
States
| | - Kenneth Nazir
- Metabolomics
Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | | | | | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest
Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Fabien Riols
- Metabolomics
and Proteomics Core, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | | | - Eric J. G. Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, University
Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department
of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford
University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Baolong Su
- Department of Biological
Chemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics
Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kevin J. Williams
- Department of Biological
Chemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yolanda B. de Rijke
- Department
of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Roberts JA, Varma VR, An Y, Varma S, Candia J, Fantoni G, Tiwari V, Anerillas C, Williamson A, Saito A, Loeffler T, Schilcher I, Moaddel R, Khadeer M, Lovett J, Tanaka T, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Bennett DA, Albert MS, Yu K, Niu M, Haroutunian V, Zhang B, Peng J, Croteau DL, Resnick SM, Gorospe M, Bohr VA, Ferrucci L, Thambisetty M. A brain proteomic signature of incipient Alzheimer's disease in young APOE ε4 carriers identifies novel drug targets. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabi8178. [PMID: 34757788 PMCID: PMC8580310 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi8178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Aptamer-based proteomics revealed differentially abundant proteins in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and Religious Orders Study (mean age, 89 ± 9 years). A subset of these proteins was also differentially abundant in the brains of young APOE ε4 carriers relative to noncarriers (mean age, 39 ± 6 years). Several of these proteins represent targets of approved and experimental drugs for other indications and were validated using orthogonal methods in independent human brain tissue samples as well as in transgenic AD models. Using cell culture–based phenotypic assays, we showed that drugs targeting the cytokine transducer STAT3 and the Src family tyrosine kinases, YES1 and FYN, rescued molecular phenotypes relevant to AD pathogenesis. Our findings may accelerate the development of effective interventions targeting the earliest molecular triggers of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson A Roberts
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
| | - Vijay R Varma
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yang An
- Brain Aging and Behavior Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Julián Candia
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Giovanna Fantoni
- Clinical Research Core, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Carlos Anerillas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Andrew Williamson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Tina Loeffler
- QPS Austria GmbH, Parkring 12, 8074 Grambach, Austria
| | | | - Ruin Moaddel
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mohammed Khadeer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kaiwen Yu
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mingming Niu
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, The Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Departments of Structural Biology and Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Brain Aging and Behavior Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schwenk ES, Torjman MC, Moaddel R, Lovett J, Katz D, Denk W, Lauritsen C, Silberstein SD, Wainer IW. Ketamine for Refractory Chronic Migraine: An Observational Pilot Study and Metabolite Analysis. J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 61:1421-1429. [PMID: 34125442 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Patients with refractory chronic migraine have substantial disability and have failed many acute and preventive medications. When aggressive intravenous therapy is indicated, both lidocaine and (R,S)-ketamine infusions have been used successfully to provide relief. Retrospective studies have shown that both agents may be associated with short-term analgesia. In this prospective, observational pilot study of 6 patients, we compared the effects of lidocaine and (R,S)-ketamine infusions and performed metabolite analyses of (R,S)-ketamine to determine its metabolic profile in this population. One of (R,S)-ketamine's metabolites, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, has been shown in animal studies to reduce pain, but human studies in patients undergoing continuous (R,S)-ketamine infusions for migraine are lacking. All 6 patients tolerated both infusions well with mild adverse effects. The baseline mean pain rating (0-10 numeric rating scale) decreased from 7.5 ± 2.2 to 4.7 ± 2.8 by end of lidocaine treatment ( P ≤ . 05 ) but increased to 7.0 ± 1.4 by the postdischarge visit at 4 weeks (P > .05 vs baseline). The baseline mean pain rating prior to ketamine treatment was 7.4 ± 1.4, which decreased to 3.7 ± 2.3 by the end of the hospitalization ( P ≤ . 05 ) but increased to 7.2 ± 1.7 by the postdischarge visit at 6 weeks (P > .05 vs baseline). For the primary outcome the change in pain from baseline to end of treatment was greater for ketamine than lidocaine (-3.7 vs -2.8; P ≤ . 05 ), but this has minimal clinical significance. Ketamine metabolite analysis revealed that (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine was the predominant metabolite during most of the infusion, consistent with previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Schwenk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marc C Torjman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Katz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Denk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clinton Lauritsen
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen D Silberstein
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Irving W Wainer
- Cooper Medical School, Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Westbrook R, Chung T, Lovett J, Ward C, Joca H, Yang H, Khadeer M, Tian J, Xue QL, Le A, Ferrucci L, Moaddel R, de Cabo R, Hoke A, Walston J, Abadir PM. Kynurenines link chronic inflammation to functional decline and physical frailty. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136091. [PMID: 32814718 PMCID: PMC7455140 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with physical frailty and functional decline in older adults; however, the molecular mechanisms of this linkage are not understood. A mouse model of chronic inflammation showed reduced motor function and partial denervation at the neuromuscular junction. Metabolomic profiling of these mice and further validation in frail human subjects showed significant dysregulation in the tryptophan degradation pathway, including decreased tryptophan and serotonin, and increased levels of some neurotoxic kynurenines. In humans, kynurenine strongly correlated with age, frailty status, TNF-αR1 and IL-6, weaker grip strength, and slower walking speed. To study the effects of elevated neurotoxic kynurenines on motor neuronal cell viability and axonal degeneration, we used motor neuronal cells treated with 3-hydroxykynurenine and quinolinic acid and observed neurite degeneration in a dose-dependent manner and potentiation of toxicity between 3-hydroxykynurenine and quinolinic acid. These results suggest that kynurenines mediate neuromuscular dysfunction associated with chronic inflammation and aging. Tryptophan-related toxic metabolites known as kynurenines are altered with chronic inflammation, which damages nerves in aged and frail mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tae Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Chris Ward
- Department of Orthopedics and Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Humberto Joca
- Department of Orthopedics and Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huanle Yang
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
| | | | - Jing Tian
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
| | - Qian-Li Xue
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Oncology and.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rafa de Cabo
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ahmet Hoke
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology.,Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Westbrook R, Chung T, Lovett J, Ward C, Khadeer M, Moaddel R, Walston J, Abadir P. ALTERED TRYPTOPHAN DEGRADATION LINKS CHRONIC INFLAMMATION TO FUNCTIONAL DECLINE & FRAILTY IN MICE AND HUMANS. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6845122 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.3473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with frailty and functional decline in older adults but the molecular mechanisms of this linkage are not well understood. We sought to examine metabolic and physiologic states associated with aging and frailty by analyzing the composition of metabolites in the blood of a population of community dwelling young, and older adults. Serum inflammatory cytokines and demographic and physiological covariates were collected in a set of community-dwelling adults age 20-97 (n=166). We then used LC/MS technology to profile 121 metabolites from five substance classes. Associations of the cytokines and metabolites with grip strength, walking speed, falls and outcomes were assessed in young, robust, pre-frail and frail participants. Age and frailty status positively correlated with IL6, TNFα, TNFαR1, IL1β (p<0.0001). Analysis of metabolites revealed significant alterations in tryptophan degradation pathway with aging and frailty. Among the top metabolites to correlate with age and frailty status were kynurenine (p<0.0001) and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (p<0.0001). The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio also tightly correlated with serum inflammatory cytokines TNFαR1 (p<0.0001) and IL-6 (p<0.0001). Higher kynurenine/tryptophan levels were associated with weaker grip strength and slower walking speed, even after adjusting for age, gender, BMI and blood pressure. Further dissection of the pathway revealed the accumulation of 3-hydroxykynurenine, a cytotoxic and neurotoxic intermediate from the kynurenine pathway, with frailty. The increased levels of cytotoxic and neurotoxic molecules in this pathway may in part explain the link between inflammation and cognitive and physical decline in frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyhan Westbrook
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Tae Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Chris Ward
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mohammed Khadeer
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Peter Abadir
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zanos P, Highland JN, Liu X, Troppoli TA, Georgiou P, Lovett J, Morris PJ, Stewart BW, Thomas CJ, Thompson SM, Moaddel R, Gould TD. (R)-Ketamine exerts antidepressant actions partly via conversion to (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, while causing adverse effects at sub-anaesthetic doses. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2573-2592. [PMID: 30941749 PMCID: PMC8567221 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE (R)-Ketamine (arketamine) may have utility as a rapidly acting antidepressant. While (R)-ketamine has lower potency than (R,S)-ketamine to inhibit NMDA receptors in vitro, the extent to which (R)-ketamine shares the NMDA receptor-mediated adverse effects of (R,S)-ketamine in vivo has not been fully characterised. Furthermore, (R)-ketamine is metabolised to (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK), which may contribute to its antidepressant-relevant actions. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using mice, we compared (R)-ketamine with a deuterated form of the drug (6,6-dideutero-(R)-ketamine, (R)-d2 -ketamine), which hinders its metabolism to (2R,6R)-HNK, in behavioural tests predicting antidepressant responses. We also examined the actions of intracerebroventricularly infused (2R,6R)-HNK. Further, we quantified putative NMDA receptor inhibition-mediated adverse effects of (R)-ketamine. KEY RESULTS (R)-d2 -Ketamine was identical to (R)-ketamine in binding to and functionally inhibiting NMDA receptors but hindered (R)-ketamine's metabolism to (2R,6R)-HNK. (R)-Ketamine exerted greater potency than (R)-d2 -ketamine in several antidepressant-sensitive behavioural measures, consistent with a role of (2R,6R)-HNK in the actions of (R)-ketamine. There were dose-dependent sustained antidepressant-relevant actions of (2R,6R)-HNK following intracerebroventricular administration. (R)-Ketamine exerted NMDA receptor inhibition-mediated behaviours similar to (R,S)-ketamine, including locomotor stimulation, conditioned-place preference, prepulse inhibition deficits, and motor incoordination, with approximately half the potency of the racemic drug. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Metabolism of (R)-ketamine to (2R,6R)-HNK increases the potency of (R)-ketamine to exert antidepressant-relevant actions in mice. Adverse effects of (R)-ketamine require higher doses than those necessary for antidepressant-sensitive behavioural changes in mice. However, our data revealing that (R)-ketamine's adverse effects are elicited at sub-anaesthetic doses indicate a potential risk for sensory dissociation and abuse liability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panos Zanos
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Jaclyn N. Highland
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Program in ToxicologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Timothy A. Troppoli
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Polymnia Georgiou
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Patrick J. Morris
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMDUSA
| | - Brent W. Stewart
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMDUSA
| | - Scott M. Thompson
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Todd D. Gould
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care SystemBaltimoreMDUSA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Demarest TG, Truong GTD, Lovett J, Mohanty JG, Mattison JA, Mattson MP, Ferrucci L, Bohr VA, Moaddel R. Assessment of NAD +metabolism in human cell cultures, erythrocytes, cerebrospinal fluid and primate skeletal muscle. Anal Biochem 2019; 572:1-8. [PMID: 30822397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The reduction-oxidation state of NAD+/NADH is critical for cellular health with NAD+ and its metabolites playing critical roles in aging and pathologies. Given the inherent autooxidation of reduced dinucleotides (i.e. NADH/NADPH), and the well-established differential stability, the accurate measurement of NAD+ and its metabolites is technically challenging. Moreover, sample processing, normalization and measurement strategies can profoundly alter results. Here we developed a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based method to quantify the NAD+ metabolome with careful consideration of these intrinsic chemical instabilities. Utilizing this method we assess NAD+ metabolite stabilities and determine the presence and concentrations of NAD+ metabolites in clinically relevant human samples including cerebrospinal fluid, erythrocytes, and primate skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G Demarest
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gia Thinh D Truong
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joy G Mohanty
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Highland JN, Morris PJ, Zanos P, Lovett J, Ghosh S, Wang AQ, Zarate CA, Thomas CJ, Moaddel R, Gould TD. Mouse, rat, and dog bioavailability and mouse oral antidepressant efficacy of ( 2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:12-24. [PMID: 30488740 PMCID: PMC6541551 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118812095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (R,S)-ketamine has gained attention for its rapid-acting antidepressant actions in patients with treatment-resistant depression. However, widespread use of ketamine is limited by its side effects, abuse potential, and poor oral bioavailability. The ketamine metabolite, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, exerts rapid antidepressant effects, without ketamine's adverse effects and abuse potential, in rodents. METHODS We evaluated the oral bioavailability of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in three species (mice, rats, and dogs) and also evaluated five candidate prodrug modifications for their capacity to enhance the oral bioavailability of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in mice. Oral administration of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine was assessed for adverse behavioral effects and for antidepressant efficacy in the mouse forced-swim and learned helplessness tests. RESULTS (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine had absolute bioavailability between 46-52% in mice, 42% in rats, and 58% in dogs. Compared to intraperitoneal injection in mice, the relative oral bioavailability of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine was 62%, which was not improved by any of the candidate prodrugs tested. Following oral administration, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine readily penetrated the brain, with brain to plasma ratios between 0.67-1.2 in mice and rats. Oral administration of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine to mice did not alter locomotor activity or precipitate behaviors associated with discomfort, sickness, or stereotypy up to a dose of 450 mg/kg. Oral (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine reduced forced-swim test immobility time (15-150 mg/kg) and reversed learned helplessness (50-150 mg/kg) in mice. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine has favorable oral bioavailability in three species and exhibits antidepressant efficacy following oral administration in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn N Highland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Program in Toxicology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick J Morris
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Panos Zanos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Todd D Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Westbrook R, Le A, Lovett J, Khadeer M, Ferrucci L, Moaddel R, Walston J, Abadir P. ALTERED FRAILTY METABOLOME LINKS CHRONIC INFLAMMATION TO FUNCTIONAL DECLINE. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Westbrook
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - A Le
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - J Lovett
- Bioanalytical Chemistry and Drug Discovery Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - M Khadeer
- Bioanalytical Chemistry and Drug Discovery Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - L Ferrucci
- Bioanalytical Chemistry and Drug Discovery Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - R Moaddel
- Bioanalytical Chemistry and Drug Discovery Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - J Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - P Abadir
- Bioanalytical Chemistry and Drug Discovery Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Moaddel R, Shardell M, Khadeer M, Lovett J, Kadriu B, Ravichandran S, Morris PJ, Yuan P, Thomas CJ, Gould TD, Ferrucci L, Zarate CA. Plasma metabolomic profiling of a ketamine and placebo crossover trial of major depressive disorder and healthy control subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:3017-3030. [PMID: 30116859 PMCID: PMC6193489 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
(R,S)-Ketamine produces rapid, robust, and sustained antidepressant effects in major depressive disorder. Specifically, its pharmacological efficacy in treatment refractory depression is considered a major breakthrough in the field. However, the mechanism of action of ketamine's rapid effect remains to be determined. In order to identify pathways that are responsible for ketamine's effect, a targeted metabolomic approach was carried out using a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, with infusion order randomized with medication-free patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (29 subjects) and healthy controls (25 subjects). The metabolomic profile of these subjects was characterized at multiple time points, and a comprehensive analysis was investigated between the following: MDD and healthy controls, treatment and placebo in both groups and the corresponding response to ketamine treatment. Ketamine treatment resulted in a general increase in circulating sphingomyelins, levels which were not correlated with response. Ketamine response resulted in more pronounced effects in the kynurenine pathway and the arginine pathway at 4 h post-infusion, where a larger decrease in circulating kynurenine levels and a larger increase in the bioavailability of arginine were observed in responders to ketamine treatment, suggesting possible mechanisms for response to ketamine treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Michelle Shardell
- Biomedical Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mohammed Khadeer
- Biomedical Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Biomedical Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bashkim Kadriu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarangan Ravichandran
- Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Fredrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Patrick J. Morris
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Peixiong Yuan
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Todd D. Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Biomedical Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lovett J, Kingman HM, Copplestone JA, Prentice AG, Grubb H. Nomograms for the Administration of Unfractionated Heparin. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1615627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
17
|
Rico JE, Saed Samii S, Mathews AT, Lovett J, Haughey NJ, McFadden JW. Temporal changes in sphingolipids and systemic insulin sensitivity during the transition from gestation to lactation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176787. [PMID: 28486481 PMCID: PMC5423608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced insulin action develops naturally during the peripartum to ensure maternal nutrient delivery to the fetus and neonate. However, increased insulin resistance can facilitate excessive lipolysis which in turn promotes metabolic disease in overweight dairy cattle. Increased fatty acid availability favors the accumulation of the sphingolipid ceramide and is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, however, the relationship between sphingolipid metabolism and insulin resistance during the peripartum remains largely unknown. Our objectives were to characterize temporal responses in plasma and tissue sphingolipids in lean and overweight peripartal cows and to establish the relationships between sphingolipid supply and lipolysis, hepatic lipid deposition, and systemic insulin action. Twenty-one multiparous lean and overweight Holstein cows were enrolled in a longitudinal study spanning the transition from gestation to lactation (d -21 to 21, relative to parturition). Plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle samples were obtained, and sphingolipids were profiled using LC/MS/MS. Insulin sensitivity was assessed utilizing intravenous insulin and glucose challenges. Our results demonstrated the following: first, insulin resistance develops postpartum concurrently with increased lipolysis and hepatic lipid accumulation; second, ceramides and glycosylated ceramides accumulate during the transition from gestation to lactation and are further elevated in overweight cows; third, ceramide accrual is associated with lipolysis and liver lipid accumulation, and C16:0- and C24:0-ceramide are inversely associated with systemic insulin sensitivity postpartum; fourth, plasma sphingomyelin, a potential source of ceramides reaches a nadir at parturition and is closely associated with feed intake; fifth, select sphingomyelins are lower in the plasma of overweight cows during the peripartal period. Our results demonstrate that dynamic changes occur in peripartal sphingolipids that are influenced by adiposity, and are associated with the onset of peripartal insulin resistance. These observations are in agreement with a putative potential role for sphingolipids in facilitating the physiological adaptations of peripartum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Eduardo Rico
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sina Saed Samii
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Alice T. Mathews
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norman J. Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph W. McFadden
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rico JE, Mathews AT, Lovett J, Haughey NJ, McFadden JW. Palmitic acid feeding increases ceramide supply in association with increased milk yield, circulating nonesterified fatty acids, and adipose tissue responsiveness to a glucose challenge. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8817-8830. [PMID: 27638262 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reduced insulin action is a key adaptation that facilitates glucose partitioning to the mammary gland for milk synthesis and enhances adipose tissue lipolysis during early lactation. The progressive recovery of insulin sensitivity as cows advance toward late lactation is accompanied by reductions in circulating nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and milk yield. Because palmitic acid can promote insulin resistance in monogastrics through sphingolipid ceramide-dependent mechanisms, palmitic acid (C16:0) feeding may enhance milk production by restoring homeorhetic responses. We hypothesized that feeding C16:0 to mid-lactation cows would enhance ceramide supply and ceramide would be positively associated with milk yield. Twenty multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows were enrolled in a study consisting of a 5-d covariate, 49-d treatment, and 14-d posttreatment period. All cows were randomly assigned to a sorghum silage-based diet containing no supplemental fat (control; n=10; 138±45 d in milk) or C16:0 at 4% of ration dry matter (PALM; 98% C16:0; n=10; 136±44 d in milk). Blood and milk were collected at routine intervals. Liver and skeletal muscle tissue were biopsied at d 47 of treatment. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (300mg/kg of body weight) were performed at d -1, 24, and 49 relative to start of treatment. The plasma and tissue concentrations of ceramide and glycosylated ceramide were determined using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using a mixed model with fixed effects of treatment and time, and milk yield served as a covariate. The PALM treatment increased milk yield, energy-corrected milk, and milk fat yield. The most abundant plasma and tissue sphingolipids detected were C24:0-ceramide, C24:0-monohexosylceramide (GlcCer), and C16:0-lactosylceramide. Plasma concentrations of total ceramide and GlcCer decreased as lactation advanced, and ceramide and GlcCer were elevated in cows fed PALM. Palmitic acid feeding increased hepatic ceramide levels, a response not observed in skeletal muscle tissue. Plasma ceramides (e.g., C24:0-ceramide) were positively correlated with plasma NEFA and milk yield, and positively correlated with NEFA levels following a glucose challenge. Our data demonstrate a remodeled plasma and hepatic sphingolipidome in mid-lactation dairy cows fed PALM. The potential involvement in ceramide in homeorhetic nutrient partitioning to support lactation requires further consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Rico
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506
| | - A T Mathews
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506
| | - J Lovett
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - N J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - J W McFadden
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present seven cases of patients with severe respiratory failure refractory to conventional ventilation who were safely transported in the prone position. METHODS We describe all cases of patients transported by a regional critical care network in the prone position from January 2010-June 2015. All patients were mechanically ventilated for respiratory failure and transported by specialized nonphysician critical care teams. Utilizing direct medical oversight and real-time technical support from the clinical department, each patient underwent a thorough bedside evaluation, transport ventilator trial, and transfer to a transport stretcher either with the endotracheal tube secured by an anesthesia pillow or overhanging the stretcher. RESULTS Seven patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome were transported in the prone position. Four were female (57%), with a median weight of 78 kg (range 58-131) and median age of 53 years (range 37-78). Initial vital signs demonstrated a median oxygen saturation of 94% (range 90-97%) supported with a FiO2 of 100% for all patients with a median positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 16 (range 14-20). Seven patients were transported, six by helicopter and one transported by ground ambulance. The median transport time was 36 minutes (IQR 19, 51). There were no deaths or major incidents (tube dislodgement or line displacement) during patient transport. CONCLUSION The transport of mechanically ventilated patients with respiratory failure in the prone position is feasible and safe, with minimal complications identified in this case series.
Collapse
|
20
|
Srinivasiah S, Lovett J, Ghosh D, Roy K, Fuhrmann JJ, Radosevich M, Wommack KE. Dynamics of autochthonous soil viral communities parallels dynamics of host communities under nutrient stimulation. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv063. [PMID: 26149131 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are highly abundant in soils with their numbers exceeding those of cooccurring bacterial cells by 10- to over 1000-fold. Water and organic matter content influence the magnitude of the viral-to-bacterial ratio in soils; thus, ecosystem type and land use shape interactions between viral and host microbial communities in soils. Less understood are the shorter term interactions between viral and host communities that ultimately maintain the large viral standing stock within soils. This study examined short-term dynamics of viral and bacterial communities in soils to determine whether the growth of soil bacterial communities results in the production of soil viruses, and if viral community responses occur within specific populations. In microcosms amended with different carbon sources, increases in viral abundance (VA) accompanied increases in bacterial abundance (BA) and bacterial respiration rate (BRR). The timing and intensity of increases in BA, VA and BRR were different across C sources suggesting differences in the predominant mode of viral replication within growth-stimulated bacterial populations. Moreover, compositional changes occurred in soil bacterial and viral communities indicating that new viral production arose from a subset of host populations. To our knowledge, these are the first observations of soil viral populations responding to short-term changes in soil bacterial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharath Srinivasiah
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Dhritiman Ghosh
- Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Krishnakali Roy
- Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Jeffry J Fuhrmann
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Mark Radosevich
- Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - K Eric Wommack
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Non-invasive urine volume measurement is an important tool in the management of dysfunctional and neuropathic bladders in children. Ultrasound imaging devices have been used for many years for this purpose. An automated scanner (Bladderscan) is now available and has been recommended by a number of authors, but there is conflicting evidence in the literature regarding the accuracy and appropriate clinical application of the device. We aimed to assess the level of clinical agreement between the two methods. 36 urine volume measurements were made on 11 children using both instruments. Although there was a good correlation between the methods (r=0.97), the clinical agreement was poor (limits of agreement +/-77 ml). 13 voided volumes were directly measured and compared with the difference between pre- and post-void ultrasound measurements. The systematic errors were small but the mean absolute errors were 54 ml and 23 ml, respectively, for the automated and ultrasound imaging methods. If used correctly, ultrasound imaging provides more accurate results and can compete with the cost, convenience and ease of use of the automated method. Low cost, highly portable ultrasound imaging devices are now available and should be used in preference to the Bladderscan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Dudley
- Department of Medical Physics, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The skills required to break bad news have been written about extensively and are taught in medical schools. Recent initiatives have concentrated on improving the skills of doctors and nurses in senior positions, who act as role models for their junior colleagues. A multiprofessional learning situation can be a threatening environment, in which colleagues may worry about exposing some of the weaknesses in their knowledge and skills regarding communication with patients. We describe the initiation, running, and evaluation of successful training workshops on breaking bad news in a large British district hospital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Abel
- Exeter and District Hospice, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grubb H, Lovett J, Kingman HM, Copplestone JA, Prentice AG. Nomograms for the administration of unfractionated heparin. Thromb Haemost 2001; 85:565. [PMID: 11307835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
24
|
Edgar J, Morgan P, Lovett J. Waiting lists. On a knife edge. Health Serv J 1998; 108:28-9. [PMID: 10186197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Achieving the government's waiting list targets relies heavily on the willingness of theatre staff to do overtime. A survey of acute trusts in England found that more than three-quarters were having difficulty recruiting staff. A third were using local pay incentives, including double time for waiting list initiative work and bonus schemes. Theatre management needs a more strategic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Edgar
- Health and Social Care Management Group, PricewaterhouseCoopers
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kaminski CS, Lovett J, MacIsaac J, Malkin J, Millsap JE, Rosenberg LB. Successful strategies for marketing healthcare design services. J Healthc Des 1998; 10:95-9. [PMID: 10539261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
|
26
|
Ott M, Emiliani S, Van Lint C, Herbein G, Lovett J, Chirmule N, McCloskey T, Pahwa S, Verdin E. Immune hyperactivation of HIV-1-infected T cells mediated by Tat and the CD28 pathway. Science 1997; 275:1481-5. [PMID: 9045614 DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5305.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection is characterized by a chronic state of immune hyperactivation in patients. Infection of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with HIV-1 in vitro resulted in increased interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion in response to T cell activation via the CD3 and CD28 receptors. Expression of the HIV-1 transactivator Tat recapitulated this phenotype and was associated with increased IL-2 secretion in response to costimulation with CD3 plus CD28. IL-2 superinduction by Tat occurred at the transcriptional level, was mediated by the CD28-responsive element in the IL-2 promoter, and was exclusively dependent on the 29 amino acids encoded by the second exon of Tat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ott
- The Picower Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Seventy consecutive patients admitted to an alcohol unit were given a modified version of Yalom's therapeutic factor questionnaire at various points during the therapeutic programme. This programme consists of a two-week introductory programme, followed by a treatment programme, which includes psychodynamic groups, life-history reviews and intensive cognitive-therapy sessions. Internal agreement of ranking order of therapeutic factors was high among all patients and was independent of time spent in group therapy. Patients valued most an existential factor (which embraces concepts of personal responsibility and isolation), self-understanding and cohesiveness; they least valued guidance and identification. Therapists also completed the questionnaire: their ranking of therapeutic factors correlated highly with that of patients, but they ranked an existential factor much lower.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Controversy exists concerning the association of inguinal hernia and colonic carcinoma and, more specifically, whether the development of an inguinal hernia justifies sigmoidoscopy. To study the role of endoscopic screening in cases of inguinal hernia, we prospectively evaluated 464 patients with inguinal hernia over a 54-month period with flexible sigmoidoscopy. Each patient was over the age of 40 and male. Sigmoidoscopy documented polyps (97 patients, 21 percent) and carcinoma (22 patients, 5 percent). Multiple neoplasms were observed in 6 percent (7 of 119 patients). Occult blood was detected in the fecal specimens of 8 percent of the total group of patients, but in only 13 percent of the patients with polyps or carcinomas. A normal examination occurred in only 38 percent of the total group. By using the presence of an inguinal hernia in patients older than 40 years of age as an indication for sigmoidoscopy, we found that more than one of every four patients had an asymptomatic, concurrent malignant or premalignant colonic lesion. Flexible sigmoidoscopy should be used for screening colonic neoplasms in patients with inguinal hernia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lovett
- Department of Surgery, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lovett J. Isolation and identification of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy products. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1988; 71:658-60. [PMID: 3134338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
After an outbreak of listeriosis in Massachusetts in 1983, the ability of Listeria monocytogenes to survive in raw and pasteurized milk was investigated. An enrichment broth (EB) containing acriflavine, nalidixic acid, and cycloheximide was used to eliminate overgrowth of the culture by competing organisms, and a modification of McBride's agar (MMA) was used as the isolation medium. The culture was incubated 24 h at 30 degrees C. To isolate Listeria from soft cheese, the incubation period was lengthened to 1 week, and the EB culture was streaked to MMA at 1 and 7 days. Physical and biochemical patterns, the CAMP test, serological tests, and mouse pathogenicity studies were helpful in determining the identity of L. monocytogenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lovett
- Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiology, Cincinnati, OH 45226
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stelma GN, Reyes AL, Peeler JT, Francis DW, Hunt JM, Spaulding PL, Johnson CH, Lovett J. Pathogenicity test for Listeria monocytogenes using immunocompromised mice. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25:2085-9. [PMID: 3121665 PMCID: PMC269416 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.25.11.2085-2089.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The lethality of Listeria isolates was determined with normal adult mice and mice that were immunocompromised by treatment with 20 mg of carrageenan per kg. The mean 50% lethal doses (LD50s) of the pathogenic isolates were significantly lower (alpha = 0.05) in the immunocompromised mice than in the untreated mice, with an average reduction of 5.8 log10 units. In contrast, the mean LD50s of the nonpathogenic isolates were lower in the immunocompromised mice by an average of only 0.4 log10 unit, a difference that was not significant (alpha = 0.05). When immunocompromised mice were used, the LD50s of pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes isolates were lower than those of nonpathogenic L. innocua and L. seeligeri isolates by greater than or equal to 6 log10 units and lower than those of nonpathogenic L. ivanovii isolates by greater than or equal to 4 log10 units. Pathogenic L. monocytogenes isolates could be distinguished from nonpathogenic isolates by their ability to cause deaths in immunocompromised mice in 3 days at a dose of approximately 10(4) CFU per mouse. An alternative procedure using iron-overloaded mice failed to effectively differentiate pathogenic Listeria isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G N Stelma
- Division of Microbiology, Food and Drug Administration, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
To determine the incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk, an isolation method was evaluated and used to analyze milk from three areas of the United States. The incidence varied by area from 0% in California to 7% in Massachusetts, with an overall incidence of 4.2%. The highest incidence found in any area during a single sampling period was 12% in Massachusetts in March 1985. During that same sampling, the incidence for all Listeria species was 26%. Of the 27 L. monocytogenes strains isolated during the survey, 25 were pathogenic in adult mice. One of three Listeria ivanovii isolated was pathogenic. No other isolates demonstrated pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lovett
- Division of Microbiology, Food and Drug Administration, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226
| | - D W Francis
- Division of Microbiology, Food and Drug Administration, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226
| | - J M Hunt
- Division of Microbiology, Food and Drug Administration, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shaw DM, Thomas DR, Briscoe MH, Watkins SE, Crimmins R, Harris B, Lovett J, Raj M, Lloyd AT, Osborne C. A comparison of the antidepressant action of citalopram and amitriptyline. Br J Psychiatry 1986; 149:515-7. [PMID: 3545354 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.149.4.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The response of patients with major depressive illness to citalopram of amitriptyline was compared in a double-blind multi-centre trial. No differences in efficacy were observed, but citalopram had less hypnotic effect, and a remarkably lower profile of side-effects.
Collapse
|
33
|
Lovett J, Nyberg LM, Brown S, Mathur S. Suppression of post-vasectomy cytotoxic sperm antibody formation in rats by a short-term pretreatment with cyclosporine. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 1986; 11:65-8. [PMID: 3488693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1986.tb00031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a short pulse therapy with cyclosporine on the production of vasectomy-induced cytotoxic sperm antibodies was studied in Lewis rats. Cyclosporine at a dose of 10 mg/kg was administered once daily for 7 days before and 7 days after vasectomy (group A), for 7 days before vasectomy (group B), and for 7 days after vasectomy (group C). Ten rats were studied in each group for a period of 5 weeks. Ten rats were vasectomized and untreated with cyclosporine (group U). All animals in this group developed high titers of cytotoxic sperm antibodies at the end of the first week after vasectomy (primary antibody response). In contrast, all the treated rats of groups A, B, and C had a normal range of sperm antibody titers. By the third week, six of nine rats in the post-treated group C had significant cytotoxic sperm antibody titers, while the other groups had normal antibody titers. In the fourth week, all the rats of groups A and B continued to have normal sperm antibody titers of less than or equal to 16, while most animals in groups C (78%) and U (63%) had significant cytotoxic sperm antibody titers. It is concluded that prevasectomy treatment with cyclosporine may significantly reduce or delay the production of cytotoxic sperm antibodies in Lewis rats.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The method of Doyle and Roman (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:1343-1353, 1982) was compared with that of Lovett et al. (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46:459-462, 1983) for the ability to recover Campylobacter jejuni strains inoculated into raw milk at a concentration of less than 1 cell per g. The method of Lovett et al. gave significantly greater recovery proportions.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
We examined factors that determine whether pediatricians will grant confidential care to adolescents. Through four vignettes, in which adolescents of different ages and maturity requested confidential care, we assessed the willingness of physicians to give such care for four problems: request for contraceptive, diagnosis of gonorrhea, intrauterine device found incidentally on x-ray study, and illicit drug use. A random sample of 932 physicians responded to the vignettes. Overall, physicians agreed to give confidential care to adolescents in 75% of the vignettes. They were more likely to give confidentiality in cases involving sexual activity. They supported confidential care for 87% of patients requesting contraceptives, but for only 54% reporting illicit drug use. The proportion of physicians supporting confidentiality increased with age and maturity of the minors. Seventeen-year-old mature adolescents seeking contraceptives were given confidentiality by 97% of physicians. Thus physician responses to vignettes indicated that they strongly support confidential care for adolescents as represented in the clinical vignettes.
Collapse
|
36
|
Lovett J, Peeler JT. Detection of Escherichia coli enterotoxins by using mouse adrenal cell and suckling mouse assays: collaborative study. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1984; 67:946-9. [PMID: 6389483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The ability of 10 Escherichia coli strains to produce heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) was determined by 8 analysts in a collaborative study. The suckling mouse model and the mouse adrenal cell line (Y-1) tests were used to detect ST and LT, respectively. Cultures for assay were grown 24 h in casamino acid-yeast extract-trace salts broth at 37 degrees C in a shaker incubator at 250 rpm. Cell-free culture broth prepared by centrifugation and filtration was divided into 2 portions: One was heated for 30 min and used both for ST assay and as a heated control for LT assay; the other was used unheated for LT assay. Results were expressed as positive for ST, positive for LT, positive for ST and LT, or negative for both ST and LT; percent of correct estimates was calculated for each culture for each analyst. At the 95% confidence interval, the overall correct results were 96.3 +/- 2.9 and 95.0 +/- 3.4% for ST and LT, respectively. The test performances thus were satisfactory for detecting ST and LT produced in vitro by E. coli. The method has been adopted official first action.
Collapse
|
37
|
King CT, Clark TD, Lovett J, Cash JB, Primus FJ, McRoberts JW, Flanigan RC. A comparison of clinical course with blood group antigen testing by specific red cell adherence and immunoperoxidase in ureteral and renal pelvic tumors. J Urol 1983; 130:871-3. [PMID: 6355510 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)51543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Specimens of transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis from 20 patients were tested for blood group antigenicity using immunoperoxidase and specific red cell adherence methods. The results of antigen testing were correlated with tumor stage and grade as well as the subsequent clinical course of the patients. The specific red cell adherence test was negative in 80 per cent and the immunoperoxidase test was negative in 40 per cent of all tumors. Of the 4 patients with positive specific red cell adherence tests 3 had high grade (II to III), invasive tumors as did 7 of 12 with tumors that were positive by immunoperoxidase testing. Blood group antigen testing did not prove helpful in predicting the clinical course of our patients. In addition, a careful review of previously published data does not support the conclusion that blood group antigen testing is a valuable predictor of upper tract tumor aggressiveness.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from raw milk by a method that can routinely detect less than or equal to 1 organism per ml. This procedure was used in a survey of 195 separate farms and showed a 1.5% incidence of C. jejuni in milk from bulk tanks.
Collapse
|
39
|
Park CE, Stankiewicz ZK, Lovett J, Hunt J, Francis DW. Effect of temperature, duration of incubation, and pH of enrichment culture on the recovery of Campylobacter jejuni from eviscerated market chickens. Can J Microbiol 1983; 29:803-6. [PMID: 6684497 DOI: 10.1139/m83-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To establish an enrichment system of high efficiency for recovery of Campylobacter jejuni from market chickens, the effects of the temperature, duration of incubation, and pH of the enrichment culture on the isolation of the bacterium were evaluated. Whole chickens or chicken parts in plastic bags were individually rinsed, and the washings filtered through cheesecloth. The cells were separated from the washings by centrifugation, and the pellet was inoculated into 100 mL of enrichment broth. Isolation of C. jejuni from poultry samples was significantly increased by incubating these samples in an enrichment medium at 42 degrees C as opposed to 35 degrees C; for 48 h as opposed to 24 h or 72 h; and at pH 7.0 as opposed to pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.5, or 8.0.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Three strains of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from milk had D values at 62.8 degrees C from 0.24 to 0.96 min and z values of 5.11 to 5.78 degrees C. Since the pasteurization processes for dairy products recommended by the Food and Drug Administration are adequate to destroy large concentrations of these organisms, Y. enterocolitica in pasteurized milk probably results from substandard processing or recontamination after pasteurization.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
A total of 100 fresh eviscerated whole market chickens, purchased one per week over a 5-week period from each of 20 different food stores in the Ontario and Ohio regions, were examined for the presence of Campylobacter jejuni. The microorganism was recovered from 62 and 54% of the chickens in Ontario and Ohio, respectively.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Three of 36 raw milk isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica produced enterotoxin in milk at 25 degrees C, but not at 4 degrees C. No strain tested could survive pasteurization.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Data and findings are presented pertaining to the expressed travel limits for general medical care of a rural population and the degree to which their observed travel behavior reflects these limits. Considerable variation in expressed reasonable and maximum travel distances and times was observed among respondents in a countywide cross-section sample of the resident population in western Maine. A substantial proportion of the respondents' visits for general medical care exceeds their reasonable travel limits and some visits exceed the travel limits they considered maximal. Additionally, a comparison of expectations from this study with those of a similar population in another section of the county reveals significant differences. The findings suggest that health planning could be considerably enhanced by a better understanding of patient preferences for medical care travel behavior, the origins of these preferences, and their relationship to the use of available medical care opportunities. This is particularly true if stated goals of incorporating patient preferences into the health planning process are to be realized.
Collapse
|
44
|
Wiesenfeld M, Reinders E, Corder M, Yoo TJ, Dietz B, Lovett J. Successful re-treatment with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) after apparent allergic reactions. Cancer Treat Rep 1979; 63:219-21. [PMID: 87272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic or anaphylactic-like reactions have been reported with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (CDDP) administration. We have seen two reactions among 50 patients treated in a phase II trial of CDDP. Both patients were successfully rechallenged after diphenhydramine pretreatment, and therapy was continued. In vivo and in vitro studies performed in one patient included negative skin tests, negative histamine release assay, negative lymphocyte stimulation studies, and normal total serum IgE. We conclude that some apparent allergic reactions occurring with CDDP may have a non-allergic etiology, and treatment may be successfully continued in selected patients.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Two strains each of Aspergillus clavatus (NRRL 1980 and ATCC 9599), Penicillium claviforme (NRRL 1001 and 1002), Penicillium expansum (FM 1071 and NRRL 973), and Penicillium patulum (ATCC 24550 and FM 1172); and one strain of Penicillium griseofulvum (NRRL 2300) were inoculated into potato-dextrose broth and incubated at 1.7, 7.2, and 12.8 C for 110, 84, and 55 days, respectively. All cultures grew at all temperatures. Patulin production by P. griseofulvum and P. claviforme , NRRL 1001, was limited or inhibited at 1.7 C, whereas at 7.2 C only P. griseofulvum , NRRL 2300, failed to produce toxin. Patulin was produced at 12.8 C by all nine cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lovett
- U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiology, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226
| | - R G Thompson
- U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiology, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bashshur R, Lovett J. Assessment of telemedicine: results of the initial experience. Aviat Space Environ Med 1977; 48:65-70. [PMID: 831717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
47
|
Lovett J, Thompson RG, Boutin BK. Patulin production in apples stored in a controlled atmosphere. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1975; 58:912-4. [PMID: 1158835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
48
|
Lovett J, Thompson RG, Boutin BK. Trimming as a means of removing patulin from fungus-rotted apples. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1975; 58:909-11. [PMID: 1158834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium expansum 1071, 1172, NRLL 973, and Penicillium patulum ATCC 24550 were inoculated into Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and McIntosh apples. The decayed tissue was trimmed from the sound tissue, each fraction was weighed, and the patulin concentration in the juice was assayed by thin layer chromatography. The quantity of patulin in the whole apples and in decayed tissues was calculated and these values were used to determine the percentage of total patulin removed by trimming. The patulin content ranged from 140 to 4880 mug/apple. Trimming removed 93-99% of the total patulin, regardless of incubation temperature, fungus strain, or apple variety. Trimming of defective tissue from fungus-rotted apples could substantially reduce the patulin concentration.
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
|