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Casas E, Falkenberg SM, Dassanayake RP, Register KB, Neill JD. MicroRNA profiles for different tissues from calves challenged with Mycoplasma bovis or challenged with Mycoplasma bovis and bovine viral diarrhea virus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271581. [PMID: 35862485 PMCID: PMC9302808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine differences in microRNAs (miRNAs) counts in several tissues of calves challenged with Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) or with M. bovis and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Eight calves approximately 2 months of age were randomly assigned to three groups: Control (CT; n = 2), M. bovis (MB; n = 3), and Coinfection (CO; n = 3). On day 0, calves in CO were intranasally challenged with BVDV and calves in MB with M. bovis. On day 6, CO calves were challenged with M. bovis. Calves were euthanized 17 days post-challenge and serum (SER), white blood cells (WBC), liver (LIV), mesenteric (MLN) and tracheal-bronchial (TBLN) lymph nodes, spleen (SPL), and thymus (THY), were collected at necropsy. MiRNAs were extracted from each tissue from each calf. Significant (P< 0.01) differences in miRNAs expression were observed in SER, LIV, MLN, TBLN, SPL, and THY. There were no significant (P> 0.05) miRNAs in WBC. In SER, the CO group had levels of miR-1343-3p significantly higher than the CT and MB groups (P = 0.0071). In LIV and SPL, the CO group had the lowest counts for all significant miRNAs compared to CT and MB. In TBLN, the CT group had the highest counts of miRNAs, compared to MB and CO, in 14 of the 21 significant miRNAs. In THY, the CO group had the highest counts, in 4 of the 6 significant miRNAs compared to CT and MB. BVDV was associated with reduction of miRNAs in LIV, SPL, MLN, and TBLN, and M. bovis reduced counts of miRNAs in only TBLN. Measuring circulating miRNAs to assess disease condition or to develop intervention strategies to minimize respiratory diseases in cattle caused by BVDV or M. bovis will be of limited use unless an alternative approach is developed to use them as indicators of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Casas
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shollie M. Falkenberg
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Rohana P. Dassanayake
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Karen B. Register
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - John D. Neill
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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Briggs RE, Billing SR, Boatwright WD, Chriswell BO, Casas E, Dassanayake RP, Palmer MV, Register KB, Tatum FM. Protection against Mycoplasma bovis infection in calves following intranasal vaccination with modified-live Mannheimia haemolytica expressing Mycoplasma antigens. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105159. [PMID: 34454023 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel live vaccine strains of Mannheimia haemolytica serotypes (St)1 and St6, expressing and secreting inactive yet immunogenic leukotoxin (leukotoxoid) fused to antigenic domains of Mycoplasma bovis Elongation Factor Tu (EFTu) and Heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 were constructed and tested for efficacy in cattle. Control calves were administered an intranasal mixture of M. haemolytica St1 and St6 mutants (ΔlktCAV4) expressing and secreting leukotoxoid while vaccinated calves were administered an intranasal mixture of like M. haemolytica St1 and St6 leukotoxoid mutants coupled to M. bovis antigens (EFTu-Hsp70-ΔlktCAV4). Both M. haemolytica strains were recovered from palatine tonsils up to 34 days post intranasal exposure. On day 35 all calves were exposed to bovine herpes virus-1, four days later lung challenged with virulent M. bovis, then euthanized up to 20 days post-challenge. Results showed all cattle produced systemic antibody responses against M. haemolytica. The vaccinates also produced systemic antibody responses to M. bovis antigen, and concurrent reductions in temperatures, middle ear infections, joint infection and lung lesions versus the control group. Notably, dramatically decreased lung loads of M. bovis were detected in the vaccinated cattle. These observations indicate that the attenuated M. haemolytica vaccine strains expressing Mycoplasma antigens can control M. bovis infection and disease symptoms in a controlled setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Briggs
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Sheila R Billing
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - William D Boatwright
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Bradley O Chriswell
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eduardo Casas
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rohana P Dassanayake
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mitchell V Palmer
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karen B Register
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Fred M Tatum
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA.
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Malmberg JL, O'Toole D, Creekmore T, Peckham E, Killion H, Vance M, Ashley R, Johnson M, Anderson C, Vasquez M, Sandidge D, Mildenberger J, Hull N, Bradway D, Cornish T, Register KB, Sondgeroth KS. Mycoplasma bovis Infections in Free-Ranging Pronghorn, Wyoming, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:2807-2814. [PMID: 33219651 PMCID: PMC7706946 DOI: 10.3201/eid2612.191375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is 1 of several bacterial pathogens associated with pneumonia in cattle. Its role in pneumonia of free-ranging ungulates has not been established. Over a 3-month period in early 2019, »60 free-ranging pronghorn with signs of respiratory disease died in northeast Wyoming, USA. A consistent finding in submitted carcasses was severe fibrinosuppurative pleuropneumonia and detection of M. bovis by PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Multilocus sequence typing of isolates from 4 animals revealed that all have a deletion in 1 of the target genes, adh-1. A retrospective survey by PCR and immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded lung from 20 pronghorn that died with and without pneumonia during 2007–2018 yielded negative results. These findings indicate that a distinct strain of M. bovis was associated with fatal pneumonia in this group of pronghorn.
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Register KB, Parker M, Patyk KA, Sweeney SJ, Boatwright WD, Jones LC, Woodbury M, Hunter DL, Treanor J, Kohr M, Hamilton RG, Shury TK, Nol P. Serological evidence for historical and present-day exposure of North American bison to Mycoplasma bovis. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:18. [PMID: 33413373 PMCID: PMC7791819 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma bovis causes mastitis, otitis, pneumonia and arthritis in cattle and is a major contributor to bovine respiratory disease complex. Around the year 2000, it emerged as a significant threat to the health of North American bison. Whether healthy bison are carriers of M. bovis and when they were first exposed is not known. To investigate these questions we used a commercially available ELISA that detects antibodies to M. bovis to test 3295 sera collected from 1984 through 2019 from bison in the United States and Canada. Results We identified moderately to strongly seropositive bison from as long ago as the late 1980s. Average seroprevalence over the past 36 years is similar in the United States and Canada, but country-specific differences are evident when data are sorted by the era of collection. Seroprevalence in the United States during the pre-disease era (1999 and prior) was significantly higher than in Canada, but was significantly lower than in Canada during the years 2000–2019. Considering individual countries, seroprevalence in the United States since the year 2000 dropped significantly as compared to the years 1985–1999. In Canada the trend is reversed, with seroprevalence increasing significantly since the year 2000. ELISA scores for sera collected from free-ranging bison do not differ significantly from scores for sera from more intensively managed animals, regardless of the era in which they were collected. However, seroprevalence among intensively raised Canadian bison has nearly doubled since the year 2000 and average ELISA scores rose significantly. Conclusions Our data provide the first evidence that North American bison were exposed to M. bovis many years prior to the emergence of M. bovis-related disease. Patterns of exposure inferred from these results differ in the United States and Canada, depending on the era under consideration. Our data further suggest that M. bovis may colonize healthy bison at a level sufficient to trigger antibody responses but without causing overt disease. These findings provide novel insights as to the history of M. bovis in bison and will be of value in formulating strategies to minimize the impact of mycoplasmosis on bison health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Register
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Margaret Parker
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA:APHIS:Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kelly A Patyk
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA:APHIS:Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Steven J Sweeney
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA:APHIS:Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - William D Boatwright
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Lee C Jones
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Health Office, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Murray Woodbury
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - John Treanor
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY, USA
| | - Marshall Kohr
- Animal Medical Center of Wyoming, LLC, Gillette, WY, USA
| | | | | | - Pauline Nol
- Wildlife Livestock Disease Investigations Team, USDA:APHIS:Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Present address: Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Wildlife Health Program, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Register KB, Jelinski MD, Waldner M, Boatwright WD, Anderson TK, Hunter DL, Hamilton RG, Burrage P, Shury T, Bildfell R, Wolff PL, Miskimins D, Derscheid RJ, Woodbury MR. Comparison of multilocus sequence types found among North American isolates of Mycoplasma bovis from cattle, bison, and deer, 2007-2017. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:899-904. [PMID: 31510908 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719874848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A prior multilocus sequence typing (MLST) study reported that Mycoplasma bovis isolates from North American bison possess sequence types (STs) different from those found among cattle. The 42 bison isolates evaluated were obtained in 2007 or later, whereas only 19 of 94 (~20%) of the available cattle isolates, with only 1 from North America, were from that same time. We compared STs of additional, contemporary, North American cattle isolates with those from bison, as well as isolates from 2 North American deer, all originating during the same timeframe, to more definitively assess potential strain-related host specificity and expand our understanding of the genetic diversity of M. bovis. From 307 isolates obtained between 2007 and 2017 (209 from cattle, 96 from bison, 2 from deer), we identified 49 STs, with 39 found exclusively in cattle and 5 exclusively in bison. Four STs were shared between bison and cattle isolates; one ST was found in cattle and in a deer. There was no clear association between ST and the health status of the animal of origin. An MLST-based phylogeny including 41 novel STs identified in our study reveals that STs found in bison fall within several divergent lineages that include STs found exclusively in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Register
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit (Register, Boatwright) and Virus and Prion Research Unit (Anderson), USDA/ARS/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
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Register KB, Thole L, Rosenbush RF, Minion FC. Corrigendum to ‘Multilocus sequence typing of Mycoplasma bovis reveals host–specific genotypes in cattle versus bison’ Vet. Microbiol. 175 (1) (2015) 92–98. Vet Microbiol 2019; 228:264-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Register KB, Olsen SC, Sacco RE, Ridpath J, Falkenberg S, Briggs R, Kanipe C, Madison R. Relative virulence in bison and cattle of bison-associated genotypes of Mycoplasma bovis. Vet Microbiol 2018; 222:55-63. [PMID: 30080673 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis, a frequent contributor to polymicrobial respiratory disease in cattle, has recently emerged as a major health problem in North American bison. Strong circumstantial evidence suggests it can be the sole pathogen causing disease manifestations in outbreaks of mortality in bison, but direct evidence is lacking. The goal of this study was to compare clinical signs and lesions in bison and cattle experimentally infected with field isolates of M. bovis recovered from bison. Bison (n = 7) and cattle (n = 6), seronegative for anti-M. bovis IgG, were exposed intranasally to M. bovis and necropsied 4-6 weeks later. Blood and nasal swabs were collected on day 0 (before exposure), day 11 and at necropsy. Samples of lung, lymph node, liver and spleen were also collected at necropsy. The only clinical sign observed was an elevation in the core body temperature of bison during the first few weeks post-exposure. Grossly visible lesions were apparent at necropsy in the lungs of five bison and the lymph node of one bison, while none were evident in cattle. Histologic evaluation revealed moderate to severe pulmonary lesions in four bison but none in cattle. M. bovis was recovered from tissues demonstrating gross lesions and from the lymph nodes of one additional bison and two cattle. All animals seroconverted by the time of necropsy. These data provide the first direct evidence that M. bovis can be a sole or primary cause of respiratory disease in healthy bison, although the isolates used were unable to cause disease in healthy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Register
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, United States.
| | - Steven C Olsen
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, United States
| | - Randy E Sacco
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, United States
| | - Julia Ridpath
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, United States
| | - Shollie Falkenberg
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, United States
| | - Robert Briggs
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, United States
| | - Carly Kanipe
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, United States
| | - Rebecca Madison
- Animal Resources Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, United States
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Bannantine JP, Register KB, White DM. Application of the Biosafety RAM and eProtocol Software Programs to Streamline Institutional Biosafety Committee Processes at the USDA-National Animal Disease Center. Appl Biosaf 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1535676018767904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David M. White
- USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, IA, USA
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Register KB, Boatwright WD, Gesy KM, Thacker TC, Jelinski MD. Mistaken identity of an open reading frame proposed for PCR-based identification of Mycoplasma bovis and the effect of polymorphisms and insertions on assay performance. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 30:637-641. [PMID: 29595089 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718764799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is an important cause of disease in cattle and bison. Because the bacterium requires specialized growth conditions, many diagnostic laboratories routinely use PCR to replace or complement conventional isolation and identification methods. A frequently used target of such assays is the uvrC gene, which has been shown to be highly conserved among isolates. We discovered that a previously described PCR putatively targeting the uvrC gene amplifies a fragment from an adjacent gene predicted to encode a lipoprotein. Comparison of the lipoprotein gene sequence from 211 isolates revealed several single nucleotide polymorphisms, 1 of which falls within a primer-binding sequence. Additionally, 3 isolates from this group were found to have a 1,658-bp transposase gene insertion within the amplified region that leads to a false-negative result. The insertion was not detected in a further 164 isolates. We found no evidence that the nucleotide substitution within the primer-binding region affects the assay sensitivity, performance, or limit of detection. Nonetheless, laboratories utilizing this method for identification of M. bovis should be aware that the region amplified may be prone to nucleotide substitutions and/or insertions relative to the sequence used for its design and that occasional false-negative results may be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Register
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit (Register, Boatwright), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA.,Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit (Thacker), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA.,Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada (Gesy, Jelinski)
| | - William D Boatwright
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit (Register, Boatwright), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA.,Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit (Thacker), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA.,Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada (Gesy, Jelinski)
| | - Karen M Gesy
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit (Register, Boatwright), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA.,Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit (Thacker), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA.,Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada (Gesy, Jelinski)
| | - Tyler C Thacker
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit (Register, Boatwright), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA.,Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit (Thacker), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA.,Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada (Gesy, Jelinski)
| | - Murray D Jelinski
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit (Register, Boatwright), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA.,Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit (Thacker), U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA.,Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada (Gesy, Jelinski)
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Casas E, Cai G, Kuehn LA, Register KB, McDaneld TG, Neill JD. Association of Circulating Transfer RNA fragments with antibody response to Mycoplasma bovis in beef cattle. BMC Vet Res 2018. [PMID: 29534724 PMCID: PMC5851088 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High throughput sequencing allows identification of small non-coding RNAs. Transfer RNA Fragments are a class of small non-coding RNAs, and have been identified as being involved in inhibition of gene expression. Given their role, it is possible they may be involved in mediating the infection-induced defense response in the host. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify 5′ transfer RNA fragments (tRF5s) associated with a serum antibody response to M. bovis in beef cattle. Results The tRF5s encoding alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, proline, selenocysteine, threonine, and valine were associated (P < 0.05) with antibody response against M. bovis. tRF5s encoding alanine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, lysine, proline, selenocysteine, threonine, and valine were associated (P < 0.05) with season, which could be attributed to calf growth. There were interactions (P < 0.05) between antibody response to M. bovis and season for tRF5 encoding selenocysteine (anticodon UGA), proline (anticodon CGG), and glutamine (anticodon TTG). Selenocysteine is a rarely used amino acid that is incorporated into proteins by the opal stop codon (UGA), and its function is not well understood. Conclusions Differential expression of tRF5s was identified between ELISA-positive and negative animals. Production of tRF5s may be associated with a host defense mechanism triggered by bacterial infection, or it may provide some advantage to a pathogen during infection of a host. Further studies are needed to establish if tRF5s could be used as a diagnostic marker of chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Casas
- USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
| | - Guohong Cai
- USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Larry A Kuehn
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | | | - Tara G McDaneld
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, 68933, USA
| | - John D Neill
- USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
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Ivanov YV, Linz B, Register KB, Newman JD, Taylor DL, Boschert KR, Le Guyon S, Wilson EF, Brinkac LM, Sanka R, Greco SC, Klender PM, Losada L, Harvill ET. Identification and taxonomic characterization of Bordetella pseudohinzii sp. nov. isolated from laboratory-raised mice. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:5452-5459. [PMID: 27707434 PMCID: PMC5244500 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella hinzii is known to cause respiratory disease in poultry and has been associated with a variety of infections in immunocompromised humans. In addition, there are several reports of B. hinzii infections in laboratory-raised mice. Here we sequenced and analysed the complete genome sequences of multiple B. hinzii-like isolates, obtained from vendor-supplied C57BL/6 mice in animal research facilities on different continents, and we determined their taxonomic relationship to other Bordetella species. The whole-genome based and 16S rRNA gene based phylogenies each identified two separate clades in B. hinzii, one was composed of strains isolated from poultry, humans and a rabbit whereas the other clade was restricted to isolates from mice. Distinctly different estimated DNA–DNA hybridization values, average nucleotide identity scores, gene content, metabolic profiles and host specificity all provide compelling evidence for delineation of the two species, B. hinzii – from poultry, humans and rabbit – and Bordetella pseudohinzii sp. nov. type strain 8-296-03T (=NRRL B-59942T=NCTC 13808T) that infect mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Bodo Linz
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Karen B Register
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Dawn L Taylor
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kenneth R Boschert
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Soazig Le Guyon
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine and Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emily F Wilson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Ravi Sanka
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Suellen C Greco
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paula M Klender
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine and Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Linz B, Ivanov YV, Preston A, Brinkac L, Parkhill J, Kim M, Harris SR, Goodfield LL, Fry NK, Gorringe AR, Nicholson TL, Register KB, Losada L, Harvill ET. Acquisition and loss of virulence-associated factors during genome evolution and speciation in three clades of Bordetella species. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:767. [PMID: 27716057 PMCID: PMC5045587 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Bordetella consists of nine species that include important respiratory pathogens such as the ‘classical’ species B. bronchiseptica, B. pertussis and B. parapertussis and six more distantly related and less extensively studied species. Here we analyze sequence diversity and gene content of 128 genome sequences from all nine species with focus on the evolution of virulence-associated factors. Results Both genome-wide sequence-based and gene content-based phylogenetic trees divide the genus into three species clades. The phylogenies are congruent between species suggesting genus-wide co-evolution of sequence diversity and gene content, but less correlated within species, mainly because of strain-specific presence of many different prophages. We compared the genomes with focus on virulence-associated genes and identified multiple clade-specific, species-specific and strain-specific events of gene acquisition and gene loss, including genes encoding O-antigens, protein secretion systems and bacterial toxins. Gene loss was more frequent than gene gain throughout the evolution, and loss of hundreds of genes was associated with the origin of several species, including the recently evolved human-restricted B. pertussis and B. holmesii, B. parapertussis and the avian pathogen B. avium. Conclusions Acquisition and loss of multiple genes drive the evolution and speciation in the genus Bordetella, including large scale gene loss associated with the origin of several species. Recent loss and functional inactivation of genes, including those encoding pertussis vaccine components and bacterial toxins, in individual strains emphasize ongoing evolution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3112-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Linz
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Yury V Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrew Preston
- The Millner Centre for Evolution and Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Julian Parkhill
- Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Kim
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Simon R Harris
- Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura L Goodfield
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Norman K Fry
- Public Health England, Respiratory and Vaccine Preventable Bacteria Reference Unit, London, UK
| | | | - Tracy L Nicholson
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karen B Register
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. .,Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Register KB, Nicholson TL, Brunelle BW. Comparison of ribotyping and sequence-based typing for discriminating among isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 129:117-126. [PMID: 27542997 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PvuII ribotyping and MLST are each highly discriminatory methods for genotyping Bordetella bronchiseptica, but a direct comparison between these approaches has not been undertaken. The goal of this study was to directly compare the discriminatory power of PvuII ribotyping and MLST, using a single set of geographically and genetically diverse strains, and to determine whether subtyping based on repeat region sequences of the pertactin gene (prn) provides additional resolution. One hundred twenty-two isolates were analyzed, representing 11 mammalian or avian hosts, sourced from the United States, Europe, Israel and Australia. Thirty-two ribotype patterns were identified; one isolate could not be typed. In comparison, all isolates were typeable by MLST and a total of 30 sequence types was identified. An analysis based on Simpson's Index of Diversity (SID) revealed that ribotyping and MLST are nearly equally discriminatory, with SIDs of 0.920 for ribotyping and 0.919 for MLST. Nonetheless, for ten ribotypes and eight MLST sequence types, the alternative method discriminates among isolates that otherwise type identically. Pairing prn repeat region typing with ribotyping yielded 54 genotypes and increased the SID to 0.954. Repeat region typing combined with MLST resulted in 47 genotypes and an SID of 0.944. Given the technical and practical advantages of MLST over ribotyping, and the nominal difference in their SIDs, we conclude MLST is the preferred primary typing tool. We recommend the combination of MLST and prn repeat region typing as a high-resolution, objective and standardized approach valuable for investigating the population structure and epidemiology of B. bronchiseptica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Register
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, United States.
| | - Tracy L Nicholson
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, United States
| | - Brian W Brunelle
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, United States
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14
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Casas E, Cai G, Kuehn LA, Register KB, McDaneld TG, Neill JD. Association of MicroRNAs with Antibody Response to Mycoplasma bovis in Beef Cattle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161651. [PMID: 27537842 PMCID: PMC4990326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify microRNAs associated with a serum antibody response to Mycoplasma bovis in beef cattle. Serum from sixteen beef calves was collected at three points: in summer after calves were born, in fall at weaning, and in the following spring. All sera collected in the summer were ELISA-negative for anti-M. bovis. By the fall, eight animals were seropositive for IgG (positive group), while eight remained negative (negative group). By spring, all animals in both groups were seropositive. MicroRNAs were extracted from sera and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq next-generation sequencer. A total of 1,374,697 sequences mapped to microRNAs in the bovine genome. Of these, 82% of the sequences corresponded to 27 microRNAs, each represented by a minimum of 10,000 sequences. There was a statistically significant interaction between ELISA response and season for bta-miR-24-3p (P = 0.0268). All sera collected at the initial summer had a similar number of copies of this microRNA (P = 0.773). In the fall, the positive group had an increased number of copies when compared to the negative group (P = 0.021), and this grew more significant by the following spring (P = 0.0001). There were 21 microRNAs associated (P< 0.05) with season. These microRNAs could be evaluated further as candidates to potentially improve productivity in cattle. The microRNAs bta-let-7b, bta-miR- 24-3p, bta-miR- 92a, and bta-miR-423-5p, were significatly associated with ELISA status (P< 0.05). These microRNAs have been recognized as playing a role in the host defense against bacteria in humans, mice, and dairy cattle. Further studies are needed to establish if these microRNAs could be used as diagnostic marker or indicator of exposure, or whether intervention strategies could be developed as an alternative to antibiotics for controlling disease due to M. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Casas
- USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Guohong Cai
- USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, United States of America
| | - Larry A. Kuehn
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, United States of America
| | - Karen B. Register
- USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, United States of America
| | - Tara G. McDaneld
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, United States of America
| | - John D. Neill
- USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, United States of America
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Taha-Abdelaziz K, Bassel LL, Harness ML, Clark ME, Register KB, Caswell JL. Cilia-associated bacteria in fatal Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia of dogs and cats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:369-76. [PMID: 27178716 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716646806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica frequently causes nonfatal tracheobronchitis, but its role in fatal pneumonia is less recognized. Our study evaluated histologic identification of cilia-associated bacteria as a method for diagnosis of B. bronchiseptica pneumonia. Cases of fatal bronchopneumonia were studied retrospectively, excluding neonates and cases of aspiration pneumonia, minor lung lesions, or autolysis. The study population comprised 36 canine and 31 feline cases of bronchopneumonia. B. bronchiseptica was identified in 8 of 36 canine and 14 of 31 feline cases based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) using serum from a rabbit hyperimmunized with pertactin, PCR testing (Fla2/Fla12), and/or bacterial culture data when available. Of these, IHC was positive in 4 canine and 7 feline cases, PCR was positive in 8 canine and 14 feline cases, and B. bronchiseptica was isolated in 2 of 5 canine and 3 of 9 feline cases tested. Examination of histologic sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin revealed bronchial cilia-associated bacteria in 4 of 36 canine and 5 of 31 feline cases; these were all positive by IHC and PCR. The presence of cilia-associated bacteria had been noted in the pathology report for only 2 of these 9 cases. Thus, the presence of cilia-associated bacteria seems frequently overlooked by pathologists, but is a diagnostically significant feature of B. bronchiseptica pneumonia. A specific diagnosis of B. bronchiseptica pneumonia is important because it suggests primary or opportunistic bacterial pneumonia rather than aspiration pneumonia, and because of the risk of animal-to-animal transmission of B. bronchiseptica, the availability of vaccines for disease prevention, and the potential zoonotic risk to immunocompromised pet owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Taha-Abdelaziz, Bassel, Harness, Clark, Caswell)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt (Taha-Abdelaziz)U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
| | - Laura L Bassel
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Taha-Abdelaziz, Bassel, Harness, Clark, Caswell)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt (Taha-Abdelaziz)U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
| | - Melanie L Harness
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Taha-Abdelaziz, Bassel, Harness, Clark, Caswell)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt (Taha-Abdelaziz)U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
| | - Mary Ellen Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Taha-Abdelaziz, Bassel, Harness, Clark, Caswell)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt (Taha-Abdelaziz)U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
| | - Karen B Register
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Taha-Abdelaziz, Bassel, Harness, Clark, Caswell)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt (Taha-Abdelaziz)U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
| | - Jeff L Caswell
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (Taha-Abdelaziz, Bassel, Harness, Clark, Caswell)Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt (Taha-Abdelaziz)U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
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16
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Nicholson TL, Shore SM, Register KB, Bayles DO, Kingsley RA, Brunelle BW. Comparative genomic analysis of the swine pathogen Bordetella bronchisepticastrain KM22. Vet Microbiol 2015; 182:87-94. [PMID: 26711033 PMCID: PMC7117204 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The well-characterized Bordetella bronchiseptica strain KM22, originally isolated from a pig with atrophic rhinitis, has been used to develop a reproducible swine respiratory disease model. The goal of this study was to identify genetic features unique to KM22 by comparing the genome sequence of KM22 to the laboratory reference strain RB50. To gain a broader perspective of the genetic relationship of KM22 among other B. bronchiseptica strains, selected genes of KM22 were then compared to five other B. bronchiseptica strains isolated from different hosts. Overall, the KM22 genome sequence is more similar to the genome sequences of the strains isolated from animals than the strains isolated from humans. The majority of virulence gene expression in Bordetella is positively regulated by the two-component sensory transduction system BvgAS. bopN, bvgA, fimB, and fimC were the most highly conserved BvgAS-regulated genes present in all seven strains analyzed. In contrast, the BvgAS-regulated genes present in all seven strains with the highest sequence divergence werefimN, fim2, fhaL, andfhaS. A total of eight major fimbrial subunit genes were identified in KM22. Quantitative real-time PCR data demonstrated that seven of the eight fimbrial subunit genes identified in KM22 are expressed and regulated by BvgAS. The annotation of the KM22 genome sequence, coupled with the comparative genomic analyses reported in this study, can be used to facilitate the development of vaccines with improved efficacy towards B. bronchiseptica in swine to decrease the prevalence and disease burden caused by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah M Shore
- National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Karen B Register
- National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Darrell O Bayles
- National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Robert A Kingsley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, the Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brain W Brunelle
- National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA, United States
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17
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Ivanov YV, Shariat N, Register KB, Linz B, Rivera I, Hu K, Dudley EG, Harvill ET. A newly discovered Bordetella species carries a transcriptionally active CRISPR-Cas with a small Cas9 endonuclease. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:863. [PMID: 26502932 PMCID: PMC4624362 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated genes (cas) are widely distributed among bacteria. These systems provide adaptive immunity against mobile genetic elements specified by the spacer sequences stored within the CRISPR. Methods The CRISPR-Cas system has been identified using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) against other sequenced and annotated genomes and confirmed via CRISPRfinder program. Using Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and Sanger DNA sequencing, we discovered CRISPRs in additional bacterial isolates of the same species of Bordetella. Transcriptional activity and processing of the CRISPR have been assessed via RT-PCR. Results Here we describe a novel Type II-C CRISPR and its associated genes—cas1, cas2, and cas9—in several isolates of a newly discovered Bordetella species. The CRISPR-cas locus, which is absent in all other Bordetella species, has a significantly lower GC-content than the genome-wide average, suggesting acquisition of this locus via horizontal gene transfer from a currently unknown source. The CRISPR array is transcribed and processed into mature CRISPR RNAs (crRNA), some of which have homology to prophages found in closely related species B. hinzii. Conclusions Expression of the CRISPR-Cas system and processing of crRNAs with perfect homology to prophages present in closely related species, but absent in that containing this CRISPR-Cas system, suggest it provides protection against phage predation. The 3,117-bp cas9 endonuclease gene from this novel CRISPR-Cas system is 990 bp smaller than that of Streptococcus pyogenes, the 4,017-bp allele currently used for genome editing, and which may make it a useful tool in various CRISPR-Cas technologies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2028-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, W213 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Nikki Shariat
- Department of Food Science, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Present address: Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, 17325, USA.
| | - Karen B Register
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
| | - Bodo Linz
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, W213 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Israel Rivera
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, W213 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, W213 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Edward G Dudley
- Department of Food Science, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, W213 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine and Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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18
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Register KB, Ivanov YV, Harvill ET, Davison N, Foster G. Novel, host-restricted genotypes of Bordetella bronchiseptica associated with phocine respiratory tract isolates. Microbiology (Reading) 2015; 161:580-92. [PMID: 25627438 PMCID: PMC4811649 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During a succession of phocine morbillivirus outbreaks spanning the past 25 years, Bordetella bronchiseptica was identified as a frequent secondary invader and cause of death. The goal of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity and the molecular basis for host specificity among seal isolates from these outbreaks. MLST and PvuII ribotyping of 54 isolates from Scottish, English or Danish coasts of the Atlantic or North Sea revealed a single, host-restricted genotype. A single, novel genotype, unique from that of the Atlantic and North Sea isolates, was found in isolates from an outbreak in the Caspian Sea. Phylogenetic analysis based either on MLST sequence, ribotype patterns or genome-wide SNPs consistently placed both seal-specific genotypes within the same major clade but indicates a distinct evolutionary history for each. An additional isolate from the intestinal tract of a seal on the south-west coast of England has a genotype otherwise found in rabbit, guinea pig and pig isolates. To investigate the molecular basis for host specificity, DNA and predicted protein sequences of virulence genes that mediate host interactions were used in comparisons between a North Sea isolate, a Caspian Sea isolate and each of their closest relatives as inferred from genome-wide SNP analysis. Despite their phylogenetic divergence, fewer nucleotide and amino acid substitutions were found in comparisons of the two seal isolates than in comparisons with closely related strains. These data indicate isolates of B. bronchiseptica associated with respiratory disease in seals comprise unique, host-adapted and highly clonal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Register
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Yury V Ivanov
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, W-213 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Eric T Harvill
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, W-213 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nick Davison
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme SAC Consulting Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Stratherrick Road, Inverness IV2 4JZ, UK
| | - Geoffrey Foster
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme SAC Consulting Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Stratherrick Road, Inverness IV2 4JZ, UK
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Zehr ES, Bayles DO, Boatwright WD, Tabatabai LB, Register KB. Complete genome sequence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale strain ORT-UMN 88. Stand Genomic Sci 2014; 9:16. [PMID: 25780507 PMCID: PMC4334632 DOI: 10.1186/1944-3277-9-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale strain ORT-UMN 88 is a Gram-negative, pleomorphic, rod-shaped bacterium and an etiologic agent of pneumonia and airsacculitis in poultry. It is a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes. O. rhinotracheale strain ORT-UMN 88 was isolated from the pneumonic lung of a turkey in 1995. It was the isolate first used to experimentally reproduce disease in turkeys and has since been the focus of investigations characterizing potential virulence factors of the bacterium. The genome of O. rhinotracheale strain ORT-UMN 88 consists of a circular chromosome of 2,397,867 bp with a total of 2300 protein-coding genes, nine RNA genes, and one noncoding RNA gene. A companion paper in this issue of SIGS reports the non-contiguous finished genome sequence of an additional strain of O. rhinotracheale, isolated in 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie S Zehr
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Darrell O Bayles
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - William D Boatwright
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Louisa B Tabatabai
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA ; Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karen B Register
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
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20
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Zehr ES, Bayles DO, Boatwright WD, Tabatabai LB, Register KB. Non-contiguous finished genome sequence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale strain H06-030791. Stand Genomic Sci 2014; 9:14. [PMID: 25780505 PMCID: PMC4334941 DOI: 10.1186/1944-3277-9-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative, pleomorphic, rod-shaped bacterium Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a cause of pneumonia and airsacculitis in poultry. It is a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae of the phylum “Bacteroidetes”. O. rhinotracheale strain H06-030791 was isolated from the lung of a turkey in North Carolina in 2006. Its genome consists of a circular chromosome of 2,319,034 bp in length with a total of 2243 protein-coding genes and nine RNA genes. Genome sequences are available for two additional strains of O. rhinotracheale, isolated in 1988 and 1995, the latter described in a companion genome report in this issue of SIGS. The genome sequence of O. rhinotracheale strain H06-030791, a more contemporary isolate, will be of value in establishing core and pan-genomes for O. rhinotracheale and elucidating its evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie S Zehr
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Darrell O Bayles
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - William D Boatwright
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Louisa B Tabatabai
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA ; Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karen B Register
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
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Register KB, Thole L, Rosenbush RF, Minion FC. Multilocus sequence typing of Mycoplasma bovis reveals host-specific genotypes in cattle versus bison. Vet Microbiol 2014; 175:92-8. [PMID: 25433454 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a primary agent of mastitis, pneumonia and arthritis in cattle and the bacterium most frequently isolated from the polymicrobial syndrome known as bovine respiratory disease complex. Recently, M. bovis has emerged as a significant health problem in bison, causing necrotic pharyngitis, pneumonia, dystocia and abortion. Whether isolates from cattle and bison comprise genetically distinct populations is unknown. This study describes the development of a highly discriminatory multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) method for M. bovis and its use to investigate the population structure of the bacterium. Genome sequences from six M. bovis isolates were used for selection of gene targets. Seven of 44 housekeeping genes initially evaluated were selected as targets on the basis of sequence variability and distribution within the genome. For each gene target sequence, four to seven alleles could be distinguished that collectively define 32 sequence types (STs) from a collection of 94 cattle isolates and 42 bison isolates. A phylogeny based on concatenated target gene sequences of each isolate revealed that bison isolates are genetically distinct from strains that infect cattle, suggesting recent disease outbreaks in bison may be due to the emergence of unique genetic variants. No correlation was found between ST and disease presentation or geographic origin. MLST data reported here were used to populate a newly created and publicly available, curated database to which researchers can contribute. The MLST scheme and database provide novel tools for exploring the population structure of M. bovis and tracking the evolution and spread of strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Register
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, United States.
| | - Luke Thole
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Ricardo F Rosenbush
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - F Chris Minion
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
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Brockmeier SL, Register KB, Kuehn JS, Nicholson TL, Loving CL, Bayles DO, Shore SM, Phillips GJ. Virulence and draft genome sequence overview of multiple strains of the swine pathogen Haemophilus parasuis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103787. [PMID: 25137096 PMCID: PMC4138102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the cause of Glässer's disease in swine, which is characterized by systemic infection resulting in polyserositis, meningitis, and arthritis. Investigation of this animal disease is complicated by the enormous differences in the severity of disease caused by H. parasuis strains, ranging from lethal systemic disease to subclinical carriage. To identify differences in genotype that could account for virulence phenotypes, we established the virulence of, and performed whole genome sequence analysis on, 11 H. parasuis strains. Virulence was assessed by evaluating morbidity and mortality following intranasal challenge of Caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pigs. Genomic DNA from strains Nagasaki (serotype 5), 12939 (serotype 1), SW140 (serotype 2), 29755 (serotype 5), MN-H (serotype 13), 84-15995 (serotype 15), SW114 (serotype 3), H465 (serotype 11), D74 (serotype 9), and 174 (serotype 7) was used to generate Illumina paired-end libraries for genomic sequencing and de novo assembly. H. parasuis strains Nagasaki, 12939, SH0165 (serotype 5), SW140, 29755, and MN-H exhibited a high level of virulence. Despite minor differences in expression of disease among these groups, all pigs challenged with these strains developed clinical signs consistent with Glässer's disease between 1–7 days post-challenge. H. parasuis strains 84-15995 and SW114 were moderately virulent, in that approximately half of the pigs infected with each developed Glässer's disease. H. parasuis strains H465, D74, and 174 were minimally virulent or avirulent in the CDCD pig model. Comparative genomic analysis among strains identified several noteworthy differences in coding regions. These coding regions include predicted outer membrane, metabolism, and pilin or adhesin related genes, some of which likely contributed to the differences in virulence and systemic disease observed following challenge. These data will be useful for identifying H. parasuis virulence factors and vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Brockmeier
- Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Karen B. Register
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Joanna S. Kuehn
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Tracy L. Nicholson
- Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Crystal L. Loving
- Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Darrell O. Bayles
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Shore
- Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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Abstract
Bordetella hinzii infects primarily poultry and immunocompromised humans. It is closely related to the etiologic agent of turkey coryza, Bordetella avium. Distinguishing between B. avium and B. hinzii is difficult, and there is no method for identification of B. hinzii suitable for use by diagnostic laboratories. This report details the development of a B. hinzii-specific PCR targeting the ompA gene. Assay sensitivity is 100% based on analysis of 48 B. hinzii isolates from diverse geographic locations representing all known ribotypes. Evaluation of 71 isolates of B. avium and 20 other bacterial isolates from poultry, comprising gram-negative and gram-positive commensals and pathogens of nine genera, demonstrated an assay specificity of 100%. The ompA PCR is a rapid, reliable, and accurate method for identification of B. hinzii and provides a valuable new tool for veterinary diagnostic laboratories investigating poultry respiratory disease outbreaks.
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Register KB, Woodbury MR, Davies JL, Trujillo JD, Perez-Casal J, Burrage PH, Clark EG, Windeyer MC. Systemic mycoplasmosis with dystocia and abortion in a North American bison (Bison bison) herd. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:541-5. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638713495029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study describes a fatal Mycoplasma bovis infection in a North American bison ( Bison bison) cow and her aborted fetus in a herd suffering unusual mortality associated with dystocia and abortion. Postmortem evaluation of the subject case found severe caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia, chronic fibrinous pleuritis and pulmonary sequestra, foci of caseous necrosis in the kidneys, and necrotizing endometritis and placentitis. Histologic findings in the maternal tissues include endometrial and placental necrotizing vasculitis and changes in the lung similar to those previously described for M. bovis–associated pneumonia in feedlot bison. Gross and microscopic lesions were not observed in the fetus. Maternal lung, uterus, kidney, and placenta as well as fetal lung and kidney were positive for M. bovis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as were the Mycoplasma-like colonies cultured from these tissues. The presence of M. bovis in maternal and fetal tissues was further demonstrated using nucleic acid extracts in a pan- Mycoplasma SYBR Green PCR assay targeting the 16S-23S ribosomal RNA spacer region with post-PCR dissociation curve analysis and sequencing of the resulting amplicons. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing on maternal lung and uterine caruncle was strongly positive for M. bovis antigen. A variety of methods, including culture, PCR, and IHC, failed to identify other bacterial or viral pathogens in any of the tissues evaluated. These data are the first to implicate M. bovis as a cause of placentitis and abortion in bison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B. Register
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| | - Murray R. Woodbury
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| | - Jennifer L. Davies
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| | - Jessie D. Trujillo
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| | - José Perez-Casal
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| | - Patrick H. Burrage
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| | - Edward G. Clark
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| | - M. Claire Windeyer
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
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Dyer N, Register KB, Miskimins D, Newell T. Necrotic pharyngitis associated with Mycoplasma bovis infections in American bison (Bison bison). J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:301-3. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638713478815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis has emerged as a significant and costly infectious disease problem in bison, generally presenting as severe, caseonecrotic pneumonia. Three diagnostic cases in which M. bovis is associated with necrotic pharyngitis in bison are described in the current study. The bacterium was isolated from lesions of the pharynx or lung of 3 American bison ( Bison bison), at 2 different locations in the upper Midwestern United States, with severe, necrotic pharyngeal abscesses. Chronic caseonecrotic inflammation typical of M. bovis infection in bovines was observed microscopically in the pharynxes of affected bison. A mixed population of bacteria was recovered from the pharyngeal lesions, and Trueperella pyogenes, a frequent secondary pathogen in ruminant respiratory disease, was consistently isolated from the affected animals. Distinctive histopathological features of the pharyngeal lesions favor causation by M. bovis, although a role for T. pyogenes in the clinical presentation cannot be excluded. Veterinarians and producers working with bison should be aware that M. bovis may be associated with pharyngitis in bison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Dyer
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND (Dyer, Newell)
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Miskimins)
| | - Karen B. Register
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND (Dyer, Newell)
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Miskimins)
| | - Dale Miskimins
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND (Dyer, Newell)
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Miskimins)
| | - Teresa Newell
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND (Dyer, Newell)
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD (Miskimins)
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Mullins MA, Register KB, Brunelle BW, Aragon V, Galofré-Mila N, Bayles DO, Jolley KA. A curated public database for multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and analysis of Haemophilus parasuis based on an optimized typing scheme. Vet Microbiol 2012; 162:899-906. [PMID: 23218953 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis causes Glässer's disease and pneumonia in swine. Serotyping is often used to classify isolates but requires reagents that are costly to produce and not standardized or widely available. Sequence-based methods, such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST), offer many advantages over serotyping. An MLST scheme was previously proposed for H. parasuis but genome sequence data only recently available reveals the primers recommended, based on sequences of related bacteria, are not optimal. Here we report modifications to enhance the original method, including primer redesign to eliminate mismatches with H. parasuis sequences and to avoid regions of high sequence heterogeneity, standardization of primer T(m)s and identification of universal PCR conditions that result in robust and reproducible amplification of all targets. The modified typing method was applied to a collection of 127 isolates from North and South America, Europe and Asia. An alignment of the concatenated sequences obtained from seven target housekeeping genes identified 278 variable nucleotide sites that define 116 unique sequence types. A comparison of the original and modified methods using a subset of 86 isolates indicates little difference in overall locus diversity, discriminatory power or in the clustering of strains within Neighbor-Joining trees. Data from the optimized MLST were used to populate a newly created and publicly available H. parasuis database. An accompanying database designed to capture provenance and epidemiological information for each isolate was also created. The modified MLST scheme is highly discriminatory but more robust, reproducible and user-friendly than the original. The MLST database provides a novel resource for investigation of H. parasuis outbreaks and for tracking strain evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mullins
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa, 50010, United States
| | - Karen B Register
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa, 50010, United States.
| | - Brian W Brunelle
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa, 50010, United States
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Galofré-Mila
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darrell O Bayles
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa, 50010, United States
| | - Keith A Jolley
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Register KB, Sukumar N, Palavecino EL, Rubin BK, Deora R. Bordetella bronchiseptica in a paediatric cystic fibrosis patient: possible transmission from a household cat. Zoonoses Public Health 2012; 59:246-50. [PMID: 22212633 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a zoonotic respiratory pathogen commonly found in domesticated farm and companion animals, including dogs and cats. Here, we report isolation of B. bronchiseptica from a sputum sample of a cystic fibrosis patient recently exposed to a kitten with an acute respiratory illness. Genetic characterization of the isolate and comparison with other isolates of human or feline origin strongly suggest that the kitten was the source of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Register
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA.
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Mullins MA, Register KB, Bayles DO, Butler JE. Haemophilus parasuis exhibits IgA protease activity but lacks homologs of the IgA protease genes of Haemophilus influenzae. Vet Microbiol 2011; 153:407-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a member of the family Pasteurellaceae and is the etiologic agent of Glässer's disease in pigs, a systemic syndrome associated with only a subset of isolates. The genetic basis for virulence and systemic spread of particular H. parasuis isolates is currently unknown. Strain 29755 is an invasive isolate that has long been used in the study of Glässer's disease. Accordingly, the genome sequence of strain 29755 is of considerable importance to investigators endeavoring to understand the molecular pathogenesis of H. parasuis. Here we describe the features of the 2,224,137 bp draft genome sequence of strain 29755 generated from 454-FLX pyrosequencing. These data comprise the first publicly available genome sequence for this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Mullins
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karen B. Register
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Darrell O. Bayles
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, USA
| | - David W. Dyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Biomedical Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Joanna S. Kuehn
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Gregory J. Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
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Register KB, Nicholson TL. Misidentification of Bordetella bronchiseptica as Bordetella pertussis using a newly described real-time PCR targeting the pertactin gene. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:1608-1610. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assay based on sequence from the gene for pertactin was proposed for identification of Bordetella pertussis. Here, it is reported that the B. pertussis pertactin gene sequence for the region that encompasses the RT-PCR probe and primers is nearly identical to that of many Bordetella bronchiseptica strains of human and avian origin. Additionally, it is demonstrated that such strains are erroneously identified as B. pertussis using the RT-PCR assay. These data suggest that the use of the assay without confirmatory testing may result in erroneous identification of a significant proportion of human isolates of B. bronchiseptica as B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B. Register
- Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Tracy L. Nicholson
- Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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Register KB, Sacco RE, Brockmeier SL. Immune response in mice and swine to DNA vaccines derived from the Pasteurella multocida toxin gene. Vaccine 2007; 25:6118-28. [PMID: 17590484 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines were constructed with either a 5'-truncated or full-length, genetically detoxified toxin gene from Pasteurella multocida and two different DNA vaccine vectors, distinguished by the presence or absence of a secretion signal sequence. Optimal PMT-specific antibody responses and spleen cell secretion of interferon-gamma following immunization of mice were achieved with pMM4, the construct containing a signal sequence and encoding the entire toxin. Antibody responses were also induced in pigs immunized with pMM4 and levels increased significantly following booster injections and experimental infection with P. multocida. Significantly increased expression of interferon-gamma was detected in only a small subset of pMM4-immunized pigs. This report documents, for the first time, the ability of a DNA vaccine to elicit immune responses to the P. multocida toxin in both mice and swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Register
- Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research, Service/National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, United States.
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Brockmeier SL, Register KB. Expression of the dermonecrotic toxin by Bordetella bronchiseptica is not necessary for predisposing to infection with toxigenic Pasteurella multocida. Vet Microbiol 2007; 125:284-9. [PMID: 17624695 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to determine whether a Bordetella bronchiseptica mutant that does not produce dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) is still capable of predisposing pigs to infection with toxigenic Pasteurella multocida. Three groups of pigs were initially inoculated intranasally with a wild type B. bronchiseptica that produces DNT, an isogenic mutant of B. bronchiseptica that does not produce DNT, or PBS. All pigs were then challenged intranasally with a toxigenic strain of P. multocida 4 days later. P. multocida was recovered infrequently and in low numbers from pigs initially inoculated with PBS, and no turbinate atrophy was present in these pigs. P. multocida was isolated in similar numbers from the pigs initially inoculated with either the wild type or the DNT mutant of B. bronchiseptica, and turbinate atrophy of a similar magnitude was also seen in pigs from both of these groups. Thus, although the DNT has been shown to be responsible for much of the pathology seen during infection with B. bronchiseptica by itself, infection with non-DNT-producing strains can still predispose to secondary respiratory infections with P. multocida.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Brockmeier
- Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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Brinig MM, Register KB, Ackermann MR, Relman DA. Genomic features of Bordetella parapertussis clades with distinct host species specificity. Genome Biol 2007; 7:R81. [PMID: 16956413 PMCID: PMC1794550 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2006-7-9-r81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The respiratory pathogen Bordetella parapertussis is a valuable model in which to study the complex phenotype of host specificity because of its unique two-species host range. One subset of strains, including the sequenced representative, causes whooping cough in humans, while other strains infect only sheep. The disease process in sheep is not well understood, nor are the genetic and transcriptional differences that might provide the basis for host specificity among ovine and human strains. RESULTS We found 40 previously unknown genomic regions in an ovine strain of B. parapertussis using subtractive hybridization, including unique lipopolysaccharide genes. A microarray survey of the gene contents of 71 human and ovine strains revealed further differences, with 47 regions of difference distinguishing the host-restricted subgroups. In addition, sheep and human strains displayed distinct whole-genome transcript abundance profiles. We developed an animal model in which sheep were inoculated with a sheep strain, human strain, or mixture of the two. We found that the ovine strain persisted in the nasal cavity for 12 to 14 days, while the human strain colonized at lower levels and was no longer detected by 7 days post-inoculation. The ovine strain induced less granulocyte infiltration of the nasal mucosa. CONCLUSION Several factors may play a role in determining host range of B. parapertussis. Human- and ovine-associated strains have differences in content and sequence of genes encoding proteins that mediate host-pathogen contact, such as lipopolysaccharide and fimbriae, as well as variation in regulation of toxins, type III secretion genes, and other virulence-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Brinig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Karen B Register
- USDA/ARS/National Animal Disease Center, Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
| | - Mark R Ackermann
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - David A Relman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Register KB, Sanden GN. Prevalence and sequence variants of IS481 in Bordetella bronchiseptica: implications for IS481-based detection of Bordetella pertussis. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:4577-83. [PMID: 17065269 PMCID: PMC1698417 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01295-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the prevalence in Bordetella bronchiseptica of IS481, a frequent target for diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis, as approximately 5%. However, PCR amplicons of the predicted size were detectable in 78% of IS481-negative strains. Our results suggest that PCR targeting IS481 may not be sufficiently specific for reliable identification of B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Register
- Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA/ARS/National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Road, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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Register KB, DeJong KD. Analytical verification of a multiplex PCR for identification of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida from swine. Vet Microbiol 2006; 117:201-10. [PMID: 16782287 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida are etiologic agents of progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) and bronchopneumonia in swine. Only dermonecrotic toxin-producing strains of P. multocida play a role in atrophic rhinitis while both toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains have been associated with pneumonia. Monitoring and investigation of outbreaks involving these bacteria require sensitive and accurate identification and reliable determination of the toxigenic status of P. multocida isolates. In the present study, we report the development, optimization, and performance characteristics of a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous amplification of up to three different targets, one common to all P. multocida strains, one found only in toxigenic P. multocida strains, and one common to B. bronchiseptica strains. Based on analysis of 94 P. multocida isolates (31 toxigenic) and 126 B. bronchiseptica isolates assay sensitivity is 100% for all amplicons. Evaluation of 22 isolates of other bacterial genera and species commonly found in the swine respiratory tract demonstrated a specificity of 100% for all gene targets. The limit of detection for simultaneous amplification of all targets is 1-10pg of DNA per target, corresponding to a few hundred genomes or less. Amplicon mobility in agarose gels and sequence analysis indicate the amplicons are highly stable. The data presented establish this multiplex PCR as a reliable method for identification of B. bronchiseptica and both toxigenic and nontoxigenic P. multocida that may greatly simplify investigations of swine PAR and bronchopneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Register
- Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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37
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Register KB, Yersin AG. Analytical verification of a PCR assay for identification of Bordetella avium. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:5567-73. [PMID: 16272488 PMCID: PMC1287781 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.11.5567-5573.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Revised: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella avium is the etiologic agent of turkey coryza or bordetellosis, a respiratory disease responsible for substantial economic losses to the turkey industry. At present, identification of this bacterium relies on isolation and biochemical testing. Although a PCR for the detection of B. avium was proposed a number of years ago, lack of analytical verification precludes its use as a diagnostic tool. Furthermore, a number of details pertaining to the reaction conditions used are missing or unclear. In the present study we have identified an optimal set of PCR conditions for use with the previously described primer pair and determined the limit of detection under these conditions to be approximately 20 pg. Assay sensitivity is 100%, based on an analysis of 72 B. avium isolates from diverse geographic locations and covering a time span of at least 25 years. Evaluation of a separate group of 87 bacterial isolates from poultry, comprising both gram-positive and gram-negative commensals and pathogens representing 11 genera, demonstrated an assay specificity of 98.8%. Reproducibility is 100% using either purified genomic DNA or boiled cell lysates less than 3 days old. Sequence analysis of the B. avium PCR amplicons identified only three occasional sequence polymorphisms. These data indicate the B. avium PCR assay can provide clinically significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Register
- Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA/ARS/National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, 2300 Dayton Road, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA.
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38
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Register KB. Comparative sequence analysis of Bordetella bronchiseptica pertactin gene (prn) repeat region variants in swine vaccines and field isolates. Vaccine 2004; 23:48-57. [PMID: 15519707 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The product of the Bordetella bronchiseptica pertactin gene, prn, has been implicated as an adhesin and a protective immunogen in swine. Recent studies demonstrate prn sequence heterogeneity in swine isolates and vaccine strains within and surrounding the region 1 amino acid repeat GGXXP(n) and the region 2 amino acid repeat PQP(n). However, only a few isolates have been evaluated. Allelic variation between vaccine strains and field isolates may affect vaccine efficacy, since region 2 is known to encode an immunodominant protective epitope. In the present study, the DNA and predicted amino acid sequences of the pertactin repeat regions from a collection of 81 recent swine field isolates and 5 vaccine strains from the United States were determined. Two region 1 variants and four region 2 variants, one of which has not been previously reported, were identified, comprising four pertactin types. Four vaccines are derived from strains with a region 1 variant identical to that found in the majority of field isolates. However, only two vaccines possess the most commonly identified sequence in region 2, while two others contain a variant found in only one other swine isolate. Ribotype analysis demonstrated that although vaccines containing the novel region 2 variant fall within the same major cluster as other common swine ribotypes, they are less closely related. No relationship was observed between pertactin type and ribotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Register
- Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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39
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Staveley CM, Register KB, Miller MA, Brockmeier SL, Jessup DA, Jang S. Molecular and antigenic characterization of Bordetella bronchiseptica isolated from a wild southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) with severe suppurative bronchopneumonia. J Vet Diagn Invest 2004; 15:570-4. [PMID: 14667021 DOI: 10.1177/104063870301500610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated in pure culture from the lung, abdomen, and intestine of a wild free-ranging southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) with severe, suppurative bronchopneumonia. Immunohistochemistry, using antiserum raised to B. bronchiseptica, revealed strong positive staining of bacteria attached to bronchial ciliated epithelia as well as scattered positive staining in affected alveoli. Western blot analysis demonstrated that virulence factors, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and adenylate cyclase toxin are produced by the sea otter B. bronchiseptica isolate. Ribotype analysis using Pvu II restriction digests indicated that this isolate is most similar to strains commonly obtained in domestic dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Staveley
- California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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40
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Register KB, Sacco RE, Nordholm GE. Comparison of ribotyping and restriction enzyme analysis for inter- and intraspecies discrimination of Bordetella avium and Bordetella hinzii. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:1512-9. [PMID: 12682138 PMCID: PMC153916 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.4.1512-1519.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella avium is an avian respiratory disease pathogen responsible for substantial economic losses to the turkey industry. The inability to distinguish isolates has hampered outbreak investigations and prevents a complete understanding of transmission mechanisms. Isolates of Bordetella hinzii, often referred to as B. avium-like or as Alcaligenes faecalis type II prior to 1995, have also been acquired from the respiratory tracts of diseased poultry but are not believed to be pathogenic for birds. Therefore, differentiating between B. avium and B. hinzii is of importance for veterinary diagnostic laboratories. It was recently reported that both PvuII ribotyping and HinfI/DdeI restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) show promise for distinguishing isolates of B. avium and B. hinzii. Here we compare the ability of these techniques to discern inter- and intraspecies differences. While both approaches distinguished numerous types within a species, only REA was sufficiently discriminatory for routine use as an epidemiologic tool. Both techniques clearly distinguish between B. avium and B. hinzii, although the results of ribotyping are more easily interpreted. Ribotyping and REA identified numerous, previously unrecognized B. hinzii strains from a collection of bordetella isolates, including one acquired from a rabbit. This is the first report of B. hinzii isolation from a nonhuman mammalian species. At least some of the newly recognized B. hinzii isolates have been previously reported to cause disease in poults, suggesting that the pathogenicity of this agent for poultry should be more rigorously examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Register
- Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
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41
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Brockmeier SL, Register KB, Magyar T, Lax AJ, Pullinger GD, Kunkle RA. Role of the dermonecrotic toxin of Bordetella bronchiseptica in the pathogenesis of respiratory disease in swine. Infect Immun 2002; 70:481-90. [PMID: 11796573 PMCID: PMC127710 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.2.481-490.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica is one of the etiologic agents causing atrophic rhinitis and pneumonia in swine. It produces several purported virulence factors, including the dermonecrotic toxin (DNT), which has been implicated in the turbinate atrophy seen in cases of atrophic rhinitis. The purpose of these experiments was to clarify the role of this toxin in respiratory disease by comparing the pathogenicity in swine of two isogenic dnt mutants to their virulent DNT(+) parent strains. Two separate experiments were performed, one with each of the mutant-parent pairs. One-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated intranasally with the parent strain, the dnt mutant strain, or phosphate-buffered saline. Weekly nasal washes were performed to monitor colonization of the nasal cavity, and the pigs were euthanized 4 weeks after inoculation to determine colonization of tissues and to examine the respiratory tract for pathology. There was evidence that colonization of the upper respiratory tract, but not the lower respiratory tract, was slightly greater for the parent strains than for the dnt mutants. Moderate turbinate atrophy and bronchopneumonia were found in most pigs given the parent strains, while there was no turbinate atrophy or pneumonia in pigs challenged with the dnt mutant strains. Therefore, production of DNT by B. bronchiseptica is necessary to produce the lesions of turbinate atrophy and bronchopneumonia in pigs infected with this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Brockmeier
- Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA.
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Abstract
Bordetella avium is the etiologic agent of bordetellosis, a highly contagious upper respiratory disease of young poultry. Its prevalence among domesticated turkeys is well-known, but information on prevalence of this bacterium in other birds is limited. A survey of the prevalence of B. avium in wild and domesticated birds was conducted from June 1998 to January 2000, using tracheal cultures and serology. Of 237 blood samples from 61 species, 100 individuals from 41 species had antibodies against B. avium as determined with a microtiter agglutination test. Nine isolates of B. avium were cultured from 128 tracheal samples. Ribotype analysis of seven isolates from mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), one from a wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), and one from a Canada goose (Branta canadensis) indicated that they represent three strains, two of which were indistinguishable from clinical isolates from domesticated turkeys. Bordetella avium is present in wild bird populations of multiple species. Transmission from free-living avian populations to domesticated poultry populations may be possible and should be examined.
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43
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Register KB, Ducey TF, Brockmeier SL, Dyer DW. Reduced virulence of a Bordetella bronchiseptica siderophore mutant in neonatal swine. Infect Immun 2001; 69:2137-43. [PMID: 11254568 PMCID: PMC98140 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.4.2137-2143.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2000] [Accepted: 01/04/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One means by which Bordetella bronchiseptica scavenges iron is through production of the siderophore alcaligin. A nonrevertible alcaligin mutant derived from the virulent strain 4609, designated DBB25, was constructed by insertion of a kanamycin resistance gene into alcA, one of the genes essential for alcaligin biosynthesis. The virulence of the alcA mutant in colostrum-deprived, caesarean-delivered piglets was compared with that of the parent strain in two experiments. At 1 week of age, piglets were inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline, 4609, or DBB25. Two piglets in each group were euthanatized on day 10 postinfection. The remainder were euthanatized at 21 days postinfection. Clinical signs, including fever, coughing, and sneezing, were present in both groups. Nasal washes performed 7, 14, and 21 days postinoculation demonstrated that strain DBB25 colonized the nasal cavity but did so at levels that were significantly less than those achieved by strain 4609. Analysis of colonization based on the number of CFU per gram of tissue recovered from the turbinate, trachea, and lung also demonstrated significant differences between DBB25 and 4609, at both day 10 and day 21 postinfection. Mild to moderate turbinate atrophy was apparent in pigs inoculated with strain 4609, while turbinates of those infected with strain DBB25 developed no or mild atrophy. We conclude from these results that siderophore production by B. bronchiseptica is not essential for colonization of swine but is required for maximal virulence. B. bronchiseptica mutants with nonrevertible defects in genes required for alcaligin synthesis may be candidates for evaluation as attenuated, live vaccine strains in conventionally reared pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Register
- Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA.
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Abstract
The Bordetella bronchiseptica outer membrane protein pertactin is believed to function as an adhesin and is an important protective immunogen. Previous sequence analysis of the pertactin gene identified two regions predicted to encode amino acid repeat motifs. Recent studies have documented DNA sequence heterogeneity in both regions. The present study describes additional variants in these regions, which form the basis for six novel pertactin types. Immunoblotting demonstrated phenotypic heterogeneity in pertactin consistent with the predicted combined sizes of the repeat regions. A revised system for classifying B. bronchiseptica pertactin variants is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Register
- Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA.
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Abstract
One hundred ninety-five Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates from 12 different host species worldwide were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis (REA). These isolates had previously been categorized into 19 PvuII ribotypes. Twenty restriction endonucleases were evaluated for use in REA. Digestion of chromosomal DNA with HinfI, followed by submarine electrophoresis in agarose gels and staining with ethidium bromide, produced DNA fragments in the 4.0- to 10-kb range, which readily discriminated B. bronchiseptica isolates, resulting in 48 fingerprint patterns. Moreover, AluI digestion of chromosomal DNA produced 39 distinct fingerprint profiles with DNA fragments ranging from 6.0 to 20.0 kb. While REA frequently provided more discriminatory power than ribotyping, there were examples where the use of ribotyping was more discriminatory than REA. Passage of selected isolates up to passage 25 did not change the REA profile. Moreover, the Bvg phase did not alter the fingerprint profile of chromosomal DNA from B. bronchiseptica strains digested with HinfI or AluI. Based on the results presented herein, the combination of REA and ribotyping should provide valuable information in understanding the molecular epidemiology of B. bronchiseptica infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Sacco
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA.
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Register KB, Sacco RE, Foster G. Ribotyping and restriction endonuclease analysis reveal a novel clone of Bordetella bronchiseptica in seals. J Vet Diagn Invest 2000; 12:535-40. [PMID: 11108453 DOI: 10.1177/104063870001200607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to characterize, by ribotyping and restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), 35 phocine Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates and to ascertain their relationship to one another and to isolates acquired from other host species. Thirty-four isolates were obtained in Scotland during a 10-year period encompassing the 1988 epizootic; the remaining isolate was obtained independently in Denmark. All phocine isolates had an identical Pvu II ribotype unique from the 18 ribotypes previously detected in strains from heterologous hosts. Alternative restriction enzymes, useful for subgrouping strains within Pvu II ribotypes, also failed to discriminate among isolates from seals. The exclusive occurrence of a single ribotype of B. bronchiseptica in a particular host species has not been previously observed. Similarly, REA based on either HinfI or Dde I profiles did not reveal detectable polymorphisms, although unique patterns were readily distinguished among a limited number of isolates from other host species. This is the first report demonstrating the utility of REA using frequently cutting enzymes for discrimination of B. bronchiseptica strains. These data suggest that B. bronchiseptica-induced respiratory disease in seals along the Scottish shore may be due to the circulation of a single, unique clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Register
- Avian and Swine Respiratory Diseases Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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Brockmeier SL, Register KB. Effect of temperature modulation and bvg mutation of Bordetella bronchiseptica on adhesion, intracellular survival and cytotoxicity for swine alveolar macrophages. Vet Microbiol 2000; 73:1-12. [PMID: 10731613 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica causes respiratory disease in swine, yet there are no studies examining the interaction of B. bronchiseptica with swine alveolar macrophages. A swine isolate of B. bronchiseptica was able to adhere to, and survive intracellularly in, swine alveolar macrophages, but the relative ability of the bacteria to accomplish these functions was dependent on its phenotypic phase and culture conditions. More bacteria were observed extracellularly as well as intracellularly by immunofluorescent staining when B. bronchiseptica was cultured at 23 degrees C as compared to 37 degrees C. However, more bacteria cultured at 37 degrees C were found surviving intracellularly after the macrophages were cultured with polymyxin B to kill extracellular bacteria. Similar results were seen in experiments performed with an isogenic Bvg(-) phase-locked mutant of B. bronchiseptica cultured at 37 or 23 degrees C, indicating that another temperature dependent mechanism in addition to bvg may play a role in adhesion and intracellular survival. B. bronchiseptica was cytotoxic for swine alveolar macrophages in the Bvg(+) phase only. The cytotoxicity of B. bronchiseptica for alveolar macrophages, and its ability to survive phagocytosis, are no doubt important to escape from immune clearance mechanisms and establish infection, and could leave the host susceptible to secondary respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Brockmeier
- Avian and Swine Respiratory Diseases Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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Abstract
Fifty-seven bacterial isolates previously identified as Bordetella avium or B. hinzii were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis (REA) and/or ribotyping. Twenty restriction endonucleases were evaluated for REA. Digestion of chromosomal DNA from the 42 B. avium and 15 B. hinzii isolates with HinfI produced 8 and 7 distinct fingerprint profiles, respectively. Digestion with DdeI further discriminated these Bordetella species and produced 12 fingerprint profiles for B. avium and 4 profiles of B. hinzii. In addition, B. avium isolates were clearly distinguishable from B. hinzii isolates by ribotyping with the restriction endonuclease PvuII. The ribotype patterns of these two species of Bordetella were unique when compared to previously reported ribotype patterns for B. bronchiseptica isolates. Since it was possible to discern differences among isolates within each Bordetella species by REA analysis, we suggest that REA could be used in developing a typing system based on the fingerprint profiles generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Sacco
- Respiratory Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
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Abstract
We reported previously that ribotype patterns generated with PvuII and a probe derived from the Escherichia coli rrnB gene could be used to differentiate isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica. In the present study we report modifications made to the original ribotyping procedure that permit detection in the formerly characterized isolates of an additional 8 fragments with homology to rrnB. Ribotypes were redefined to include these fragments. Although this modification did not permit the detection of novel ribotypes from the previously characterized isolates, it did result in a more accurate reclassification of five of these isolates to other existing ribotypes. It was hypothesized that the additional fragments could form the basis for novel ribotypes in future analyses, and this was supported by the subsequent evaluation of 101 previously uncharacterized pig, rabbit, and dog B. bronchiseptica isolates from Hungary. A total of six different patterns were detected from this group, including two previously not identified that were designated ribotypes 17 and 18. The profile of ribotype 17 includes a novel fragment not associated with any other ribotype. A subset of the fragments constituting ribotype 18, essential for its differentiation from other ribotypes, is only detectable under the modified conditions reported here. Hungarian swine isolates are highly clonal, since 98.2% were identified as ribotype 3. Similarly, 83.7% of rabbit isolates from Hungary are also ribotype 3. Cluster analysis revealed that despite the existence of numerous ribotypes, B. bronchiseptica isolates display limited heterogeneity. The ability to detect additional ribotypes under the modified conditions described in this study strengthens the usefulness of ribotyping as an epidemiologic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Register
- Avian and Swine Respiratory Diseases Research Unit, USDA/Agricultural Research Service/National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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Radi ZA, Register KB, Lee EK, Kehrli ME, Brogden KA, Gallup JM, Ackermann MR. In situ expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA in calves with acute Pasteurella haemolytica pneumonia. Vet Pathol 1999; 36:437-44. [PMID: 10490211 DOI: 10.1354/vp.36-5-437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The in situ expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA in normal and pneumonic lung tissues of Holstein calves with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) was compared with that of age-matched non-BLAD Holstein calves by in situ hybridization. Twenty-four Holstein calves (both BLAD and non-BLAD) were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups and inoculated intrabronchially with Pasteurella haemolytica or pyrogen-free saline. Lung tissues were collected and fixed in 10% neutral formalin at 2 or 4 hours postinoculation (PI). The expression and distribution of ICAM-1 mRNA in the different cell types of the lung tissue was detected by in situ hybridization with a 307-base-pair bovine ICAM-1 riboprobe. In lungs of both non-BLAD and BLAD saline-inoculated calves, ICAM-1 expression was present in epithelial cells but occurred in <30% of cells in bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. ICAM-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells was present in <30% of cells in pulmonary arteries and veins. The expression of ICAM-1 was significantly greater (>60% of cells) in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary endothelial cells of arteries and veins in both BLAD and non-BLAD calves inoculated with P. haemolytica. Bronchiolar epithelium had the highest intensity of mRNA expression and highest percentage of cells that were stained, whereas bronchial epithelium had the lowest intensity and percentage of cells stained. Most alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in infected lungs also expressed ICAM-1. ICAM-1 expression was generally increased in infected BLAD calves at 2 hours PI as compared with non-BLAD calves but not at 4 hours PI. The increased expression of ICAM-1 during acute P. haemolytica pneumonia in calves suggests that ICAM-1 is upregulated and may play a role in leukocyte infiltration. The extent of ICAM-1 expression in P. haemolytica-inoculated calves with BLAD was initially enhanced but otherwise similar to that in non-BLAD calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Radi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-1250, USA.
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