1
|
Hartley T, Hicks Y, Davies JL, Cazzola D, Sheeran L. BACK-to-MOVE: Machine learning and computer vision model automating clinical classification of non-specific low back pain for personalised management. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302899. [PMID: 38728282 PMCID: PMC11086851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is a major global disability contributor with profound health and socio-economic implications. The predominant form is non-specific LBP (NSLBP), lacking treatable pathology. Active physical interventions tailored to individual needs and capabilities are crucial for its management. However, the intricate nature of NSLBP and complexity of clinical classification systems necessitating extensive clinical training, hinder customised treatment access. Recent advancements in machine learning and computer vision demonstrate promise in characterising NSLBP altered movement patters through wearable sensors and optical motion capture. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a machine learning model (i.e., 'BACK-to-MOVE') for NSLBP classification trained with expert clinical classification, spinal motion data from a standard video alongside patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). METHODS Synchronised video and three-dimensional (3D) motion data was collected during forward spinal flexion from 83 NSLBP patients. Two physiotherapists independently classified them as motor control impairment (MCI) or movement impairment (MI), with conflicts resolved by a third expert. The Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) architecture, HigherHRNet, was chosen for effective pose estimation from video data. The model was validated against 3D motion data (subset of 62) and trained on the freely available MS-COCO dataset for feature extraction. The Back-to-Move classifier underwent fine-tuning through feed-forward neural networks using labelled examples from the training dataset. Evaluation utilised 5-fold cross-validation to assess accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and F1 measure. RESULTS Pose estimation's Mean Square Error of 0.35 degrees against 3D motion data demonstrated strong criterion validity. Back-to-Move proficiently differentiated MI and MCI classes, yielding 93.98% accuracy, 96.49% sensitivity (MI detection), 88.46% specificity (MCI detection), and an F1 measure of .957. Incorporating PROMs curtailed classifier performance (accuracy: 68.67%, sensitivity: 91.23%, specificity: 18.52%, F1: .800). CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate automated clinical classification of NSLBP using computer vision and machine learning with standard video data, achieving accuracy comparable to expert consensus. Automated classification of NSLBP based on altered movement patters video-recorded during routine clinical examination could expedite personalised NSLBP rehabilitation management, circumventing existing healthcare constraints. This advancement holds significant promise for patients and healthcare services alike.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hartley
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Yulia Hicks
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L. Davies
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Cazzola
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health, Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Liba Sheeran
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sheeran L, Al-Amri M, Sparkes V, Davies JL. Assessment of Spinal and Pelvic Kinematics Using Inertial Measurement Units in Clinical Subgroups of Persistent Non-Specific Low Back Pain. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2127. [PMID: 38610338 PMCID: PMC11013962 DOI: 10.3390/s24072127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer a portable and quantitative solution for clinical movement analysis. However, their application in non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) remains underexplored. This study compared the spine and pelvis kinematics obtained from IMUs between individuals with and without NSLBP and across clinical subgroups of NSLBP. A total of 81 participants with NSLBP with flexion (FP; n = 38) and extension (EP; n = 43) motor control impairment and 26 controls (No-NSLBP) completed 10 repetitions of spine movements (flexion, extension, lateral flexion). IMUs were placed on the sacrum, fourth and second lumbar vertebrae, and seventh cervical vertebra to measure inclination at the pelvis, lower (LLx) and upper (ULx) lumbar spine, and lower cervical spine (LCx), respectively. At each location, the range of movement (ROM) was quantified as the range of IMU orientation in the primary plane of movement. The ROM was compared between NSLBP and No-NSLBP using unpaired t-tests and across FP-NSLBP, EP-NSLBP, and No-NSLBP subgroups using one-way ANOVA. Individuals with NSLBP exhibited a smaller ROM at the ULx (p = 0.005), LLx (p = 0.003) and LCx (p = 0.01) during forward flexion, smaller ROM at the LLx during extension (p = 0.03), and a smaller ROM at the pelvis during lateral flexion (p = 0.003). Those in the EP-NSLBP group had smaller ROM than those in the No-NSLBP group at LLx during forward flexion (Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.005), extension (p = 0.013), and lateral flexion (p = 0.038), and a smaller ROM at the pelvis during lateral flexion (p = 0.005). Those in the FP-NSLBP subgroup had smaller ROM than those in the No-NSLBP group at the ULx during forward flexion (p = 0.024). IMUs detected variations in kinematics at the trunk, lumbar spine, and pelvis among individuals with and without NSLBP and across clinical NSLBP subgroups during flexion, extension, and lateral flexion. These findings consistently point to reduced ROM in NSLBP. The identified subgroup differences highlight the potential of IMU for assessing spinal and pelvic kinematics in these clinically verified subgroups of NSLBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liba Sheeran
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (M.A.-A.); (V.S.); (J.L.D.)
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Mohammad Al-Amri
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (M.A.-A.); (V.S.); (J.L.D.)
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Valerie Sparkes
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (M.A.-A.); (V.S.); (J.L.D.)
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Jennifer L. Davies
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (M.A.-A.); (V.S.); (J.L.D.)
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thomas B, Pattinson R, Edwards D, Dale C, Jenkins B, Lande H, Bundy C, Davies JL. Definitions and measures of long COVID fatigue in adults: a scoping review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2024; 22:481-488. [PMID: 38112241 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-23-00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review is to investigate how fatigue is defined and measured in adults with long COVID. INTRODUCTION Following COVID-19 infection, 10% to 20% of individuals experience persisting symptoms for a minimum of 3 months; this is commonly known as long COVID. Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms of long COVID, but there is currently no consistently applied definition of long COVID fatigue. To advance our understanding of long COVID fatigue, we must first identify the current definitions and measures being used to describe and mesure this condition. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will consider published and unpublished studies involving adults (≥18 years) that define and/or measure long COVID fatigue. Papers using quantitative or qualitative designs will be included. Conference abstracts, editorials, and opinion papers will be excluded. METHODS Published studies from January 2020 onwards will be searched for across MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase (Ovid), Scopus, PsycINFO (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Dimensions, Overton, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses will be searched for unpublished literature. Eligible records will be de-duplicated, and 2 independent reviewers will carry out title, abstract, and full-text screening. A data extraction tool will be pilot tested on a small number of papers, then modified as necessary, with any modifications detailed in the scoping review. Findings will be presented in tables and charts, supported by a narrative summary. REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework https://osf.io/hnf8z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Thomas
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Deborah Edwards
- Wales Centre For Evidence Based Care: A JBI Centre of Excellence, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Carys Dale
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Helena Lande
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Christine Bundy
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Domshy KA, Lung O, Nebroski M, Kruczkiewicz P, Ayilara I, Woods LW, Lowe E, Davies JL. Adenoviral hemorrhagic disease in a farmed elk (Cervus canadensis) in Alberta, Canada. Can Vet J 2023; 64:524-528. [PMID: 37265810 PMCID: PMC10204888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviral hemorrhagic disease (AHD), caused by deer atadenovirus A (OdAdV-1), affects captive and free-ranging cervids across North America. Here we present a case of AHD in a 6-month-old female elk calf from a farm in Alberta. Histopathology revealed multisystemic vasculitis with endothelial intranuclear inclusion bodies, pulmonary hemorrhage, and small intestinal hemorrhage characteristic of the acute systemic form of AHD. Immunohistochemistry was positive for OdAdV-1, confirming the diagnosis. Whole-genome sequencing of the virus was conducted for phylogenetic comparison. This is the 1st reported case of AHD in a farmed elk in Canada and the 1st reported case in an elk in Alberta. Key clinical message: Adenoviral hemorrhagic disease (AHD) is an emerging disease that should be investigated as a top differential when diagnosticians and veterinarians encounter young cervids found dead with pulmonary edema or hemorrhage and/or hemorrhagic enteropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrice A Domshy
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| | - Oliver Lung
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| | - Michelle Nebroski
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| | - Peter Kruczkiewicz
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| | - Ifeoluwa Ayilara
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| | - Leslie W Woods
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| | - Evan Lowe
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| | - Jennifer L Davies
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3 (Domshy, Davies); Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4 (Lung, Nebroski, Kruczkiewicz, Ayilara); Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M5 (Lung); California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 620 West Health Science Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA (Woods); Emerson Trail Veterinary Services, Box 509, Beaverlodge, Alberta T0H 0C0 (Lowe)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bousquet T, Bravo-Araya M, Davies JL. Gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid) in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Can Vet J 2022; 63:1109-1113. [PMID: 36325410 PMCID: PMC9559030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach (gastric carcinoid) with transcoelomic and lymph node metastasis was confirmed on post-mortem examination of a 3-year-old, spayed female, domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo). The animal was initially presented with a history of persistent vomiting which progressed to weight loss, a palpable abdominal mass, and melena. The ferret received palliative treatment and was euthanized 9 mo after initial presentation. The clinical, ultrasonographical, cytological, gross pathological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings are described. Gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas are rarely reported in animals; this is the first description in a ferret. Key clinical message: Veterinary practitioners and diagnosticians should include neuroendocrine carcinoma as a differential diagnosis when encountering gastric neoplasms in ferrets and be aware of the potential for aggressive behavior and widely spread metastasis.
Collapse
|
6
|
MacKinnon KJ, Tan J, Schaal SW, Davies JL. Spontaneous bilateral superficial digital flexor tendon rupture in a horse with guttural pouch empyema and suspected purpura hemorrhagica. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean‐Yin Tan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Calgary Alberta Canada
| | | | - Jennifer L. Davies
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Calgary Alberta Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Button K, Felemban M, Davies JL, Nicholas K, Parry-Williams J, Muaidi Q, Al-Amri M. A standardised template for reporting lower limb kinematic waveform movement compensations from a sensor-based portable clinical movement analysis toolkit. IPEM-Translation 2022; 1:None. [PMID: 35685912 PMCID: PMC9113669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipemt.2021.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Standardised terminology for the interpretation of movement analysis waveforms is provided, to describe the amount, nature and timing of a compensation strategy. A stand-alone application have been created for users to generate a movement analysis report for lower limb joint kinematics. A digital, interactive version of the movement analysis report is now being created in the next iteration of the sensor based portable movement analysis toolkit.
Objectives To develop a standardised template to support physiotherapist reporting of lower limb kinematic waveform data Design Within and between user agreement identification of movement compensation strategies. Setting University Health Board Physiotherapy Department Participants Fourteen individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction performed overground gait, double-leg squat, and stair ascent wearing body-worn sensors. Six users viewed 252 kinematic waveforms of hip, knee and ankle joint angles in the sagittal and frontal planes. Main outcome measures Between and within-user observed agreement and themes from movement analysis reports Results Between-user observed agreement for presence of a movement compensation was 0.6–0.9 for the sagittal plane and 0.75–1.0 for the frontal place. Within-user observed agreement was 0.57–1.00 for the sagittal plane and 0.71–1.00 for the frontal plane. Three themes and seven categories were identified from the waveform interpretations: Amount (qualitative and quantitative description), timing (phase, discrete time point, cycle), and nature (peak, range of motion, timing) of the compensation. Conclusion There was good agreement between users at identifying the presence of movement compensation from the kinematic waveforms, but there was variation in how movement compensations were described. An interactive report, a standardised template for interpretation of kinematic waveforms, and training to support the clinical application of a movement analysis toolkit are proposed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Doyle-Baker D, Ngeleka M, Janzen E, Briggs RE, Davies JL. Septicemic pasteurellosis causing peracute death and necrotizing myositis in a beef heifer calf (Bos taurus) in Alberta, Canada. Can Vet J 2020; 61:1303-1306. [PMID: 33299248 PMCID: PMC7659874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Septicemic pasteurellosis is an acute and fatal bacterial disease of cattle and wild ungulates caused by certain serotypes of Pasteurella multocida. Here we report a single case of septicemic pasteurellosis in a 6-month-old, Red Angus heifer from a cow-calf operation in Alberta, Canada. Postmortem examination revealed necrotizing and hemorrhagic myositis, fibrinous pericarditis and multisystemic bacterial emboli. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from muscle in pure culture, and the capsular antigen group was identified as serogroup B using polymerase chain reaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of septicemic pasteurellosis in beef cattle in Canada. Key clinical message: Veterinary practitioners and diagnosticians should include septicemic pasteurellosis on their list of differential diagnoses when they encounter similar presentations of peracute death and severe necrotizing myositis in cattle in Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Doyle-Baker
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Doyle-Baker, Davies), Department of Production Animal Health (Janzen), University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3; Prairie Diagnostic Services and Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Ngeleka); United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa, USA 50010 (Briggs)
| | - Musangu Ngeleka
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Doyle-Baker, Davies), Department of Production Animal Health (Janzen), University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3; Prairie Diagnostic Services and Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Ngeleka); United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa, USA 50010 (Briggs)
| | - Eugene Janzen
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Doyle-Baker, Davies), Department of Production Animal Health (Janzen), University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3; Prairie Diagnostic Services and Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Ngeleka); United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa, USA 50010 (Briggs)
| | - Robert E Briggs
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Doyle-Baker, Davies), Department of Production Animal Health (Janzen), University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3; Prairie Diagnostic Services and Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Ngeleka); United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa, USA 50010 (Briggs)
| | - Jennifer L Davies
- Diagnostic Services Unit and Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Doyle-Baker, Davies), Department of Production Animal Health (Janzen), University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 11877 85th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T3R 1J3; Prairie Diagnostic Services and Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Ngeleka); United States Department of Agriculture, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa, USA 50010 (Briggs)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Frayne KMF, Chappell BR, Davies JL, Macbeth BJ, Ngeleka M, Rothenburger JL. Lesions of Mycobacterium avium spp. hominissuis Infection Resembling M. bovis Lesions in a Wild Mule Deer, Canada 1. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26. [PMID: 32568050 PMCID: PMC7323542 DOI: 10.3201/eid2607.200187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We used molecular analyses to confirm Mycobacterium avium spp. hominissuis infection in lung granulomas and pyogranulomas in the tracheobronchial lymph node in a wild mule deer in Banff, Canada. These lesions are similar to those found in M. bovis–infected animals, emphasizing the critical need for disease surveillance in wildlife populations.
Collapse
|
10
|
Davies JL. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation to map the cortical representation of lower-limb muscles. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2020; 5:87-99. [PMID: 32455179 PMCID: PMC7235616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the extent to which transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can identify discrete cortical representation of lower-limb muscles in healthy individuals. Methods Motor evoked potentials were recorded from resting vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medial and lateral hamstring, and medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles on the right leg of 16 young healthy adults using bipolar surface electrodes. TMS was delivered through a 110-mm double-cone coil at 63 sites over the left hemisphere. Location and size of cortical representation and number of discrete peaks were quantified. Results Within the quadriceps group there was a main effect of muscle on anterior-posterior centre of gravity (p = 0.010), but the magnitude of the difference was small. There was also a main effect of muscle on medial-lateral hotspot (p = 0.027) and map volume (p = 0.047), but no post-hoc tests were significant. The topography of each lower-limb muscle was complex and variable across individuals. Conclusions TMS delivered with a 110-mm double-cone coil could not reliably identify discrete cortical representations of resting lower-limb muscles when responses were measured using bipolar surface electromyography. Significance The characteristics of the cortical representation provide a basis against which to evaluate cortical reorganisation in clinical populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Davies
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom.,Biomechanics and Bioengineering Research Centre Versus Arthritis, Cardiff University, United Kingdom.,Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McKay LA, Meachem M, Snead E, Brannen T, Mutlow N, Ruelle L, Davies JL, van der Meer F. Prevalence and mutation analysis of the spike protein in feline enteric coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis detected in household and shelter cats in western Canada. Can J Vet Res 2020; 84:18-23. [PMID: 31949325 PMCID: PMC6921991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease for which no simple antemortem diagnostic assay is available. A new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test has recently been developed that targets the spike protein region of the FIP virus (FIPV) and can identify specific mutations (M1030L or S1032A), the presence of which indicates a shift from feline enteric coronavirus (FeCV) to FIPV. This test will only be useful in the geographical region of interest, however, if the FIP viruses contain these mutations. The primary objective of this study was to determine the presence of the M1030L or S1032A mutations in FeCV derived from stool samples from a selected group of healthy cats from households and shelters and determine how many of these cats excrete FeCV. The secondary objective was to evaluate how often these specific FIPV mutations were present in tissue samples derived from cats diagnosed with FIP at postmortem examination. Feline enteric coronavirus (FeCV) was detected in 46% of fecal samples (86/185), all were FeCV type 1, with no difference between household or shelter cats. Only 45% of the FIPV analyzed contained the previously reported M1030L or S1032A mutations. It should be noted that, as the pathological tissue samples were opportunistically obtained and not specifically obtained for PCR testing, caution is warranted in interpreting these data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A McKay
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| | - Melissa Meachem
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| | - Elisabeth Snead
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| | - Terri Brannen
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| | - Natasha Mutlow
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| | - Liz Ruelle
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| | - Jennifer L Davies
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (McKay, Davies, van der Meer) and Diagnostic Services Unit (Davies), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta; Department of Veterinary Pathology (Meachem) and Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Snead), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; Meow Foundation, Calgary, Alberta (Brannen); Fish Creek Pet Hospital, Calgary, Alberta (Mutlow); Wild Rose Cat Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ruelle)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wan Y, Davies JL, Button K, Al-Amri M. Effect of visual feedback on the performance of the star excursion balance test. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 2019; 6:2055668319862139. [PMID: 31523450 PMCID: PMC6728665 DOI: 10.1177/2055668319862139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visual feedback is an effective method to enhance postural and balance control in clinical and sports training. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of real-time visual feedback provided by a video camera on the performance of a dynamic balance test, which is the star excursion balance test in healthy subjects. METHODS We compared the performance of the star excursion balance test using the maximum reach distance in 20 healthy participants (10 male and 10 female, 26.8 ± 3.7 years) under two conditions: without feedback and whilst they viewed their movements in real-time on a screen in front of them via a video camera. RESULTS The results showed that real-time visual feedback had a significant effect on maximum reach distance of the star excursion balance test in the posterolateral direction (P < 0.001). There was a non-significant increase in the maximum reach distance in the anterior and posteromedial directions. CONCLUSION The result indicates that the real-time visual feedback appears to be an effective means for improving the performance of the star excursion balance test in the posterolateral direction, and may be a promising tool for clinical rehabilitation and athlete training to enhance dynamic postural control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- School of Healthcare Sciences, College
of Biomedical and Life Sciences,
Cardiff
University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jennifer L Davies
- School of Healthcare Sciences, College
of Biomedical and Life Sciences,
Cardiff
University, Cardiff, UK
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre
Versus Arthritis,
Cardiff
University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kate Button
- School of Healthcare Sciences, College
of Biomedical and Life Sciences,
Cardiff
University, Cardiff, UK
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre
Versus Arthritis,
Cardiff
University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mohammad Al-Amri
- School of Healthcare Sciences, College
of Biomedical and Life Sciences,
Cardiff
University, Cardiff, UK
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering Centre
Versus Arthritis,
Cardiff
University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Davies JL, Uzal FA, Whitehead AE. Necrotizing hepatitis associated with Clostridium novyi in a pony in western Canada. Can Vet J 2017; 58:285-288. [PMID: 28246418 PMCID: PMC5302206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe icterus, peritoneal effusion, localized fibrinous peritonitis, and necrotizing hepatitis were found at necropsy of a 20-year-old female pony with a history of acute onset depression, inappetence, fever, and marked elevation in hepatic enzymes. Gross pathology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry were compatible with a diagnosis of clostridial hepatitis caused by Clostridium novyi-group bacteria. This is believed to be the first reported case of clostridial hepatitis in an equid in Canada, and only the third report of this rare disease in North America.
Collapse
|
14
|
Knight CG, Davies JL, Joseph T, Ondrich S, Rosa BV. Pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection in a Canadian cat. Can Vet J 2016; 57:497-500. [PMID: 27152036 PMCID: PMC4827739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A cat was presented for necropsy after being found dead at home. Histologic findings suggested viral pneumonia. Polymerase chain reaction and viral typing revealed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. This is the first report of influenza in a Canadian cat and highlights the importance of considering influenza virus in the differential diagnosis for feline respiratory distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G Knight
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6 (Knight, Davies, Rosa); Animal Health Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia (Joseph); Varsity Veterinary Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ondrich)
| | - Jennifer L Davies
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6 (Knight, Davies, Rosa); Animal Health Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia (Joseph); Varsity Veterinary Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ondrich)
| | - Tomy Joseph
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6 (Knight, Davies, Rosa); Animal Health Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia (Joseph); Varsity Veterinary Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ondrich)
| | - Sarah Ondrich
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6 (Knight, Davies, Rosa); Animal Health Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia (Joseph); Varsity Veterinary Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ondrich)
| | - Brielle V Rosa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6 (Knight, Davies, Rosa); Animal Health Centre, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia (Joseph); Varsity Veterinary Clinic, Calgary, Alberta (Ondrich)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kassardjian CD, Dyck PJB, Davies JL, Carter RE, Dyck PJ. Does prediabetes cause small fiber sensory polyneuropathy? Does it matter? J Neurol Sci 2015; 355:196-8. [PMID: 26049659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The association between prediabetes and distal polyneuropathy (DPN) remains controversial. Here we test whether the prevalence of small fiber sensory distal polyneuropathy is increased in prediabetes. METHODS Prospectively recruited cohorts of healthy subjects and those with prediabetes from Olmsted County, Minnesota, were assessed for positive neuropathic sensory symptoms, or pain symptoms characteristic of small fiber sensory DPN. Hyperalgesia and hypoalgesia were assessed by "smart" quantitative sensation testing (QST). The prevalence of symptoms and QST abnormalities were compared among the groups. RESULTS There was no significant increase in the prevalence of positive neuropathic sensory or pain symptoms, nor of hyper- or hypoalgesia in the prediabetes group. There was an increased prevalence of hypoalgesia of the foot only in newly diagnosed diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Based on positive sensory and pain symptoms and QSTs, we did not find an increase in small fiber sensory DPN in prediabetes. Recognizing that obesity and diabetes mellitus are implicated in macro- and microvessel complications, physicians should encourage healthy living and weight loss in patients with prediabetes. In medical practice, alternate causes should be excluded before concluding that small fiber sensory distal neuropathy is secondary to prediabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Kassardjian
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - P J B Dyck
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - J L Davies
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rickey E Carter
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - P J Dyck
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mills SW, Musil KM, Davies JL, Hendrick S, Duncan C, Jackson ML, Kidney B, Philibert H, Wobeser BK, Simko E. Prognostic value of histologic grading for feline mammary carcinoma: a retrospective survival analysis. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:238-49. [PMID: 25060990 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814543198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Feline mammary carcinoma is highly malignant and generally associated with a poor prognosis, although studies suggest the range of survival times in affected cats is broad. Histologic grading of these tumors is achieved using the Elston and Ellis system, originally developed for human breast cancer. In cats, however, classification using this method has variable prognostic value. Therefore, objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the Elston and Ellis grading system for feline mammary carcinoma in a predominantly spayed population and (2) to determine whether modification of this system or development of a novel system improved the prognostic value of histologic grading. Survey data and histologic features for 108 carcinomas from 97 cats were analyzed with respect to overall survival. Elston and Ellis grading failed to correlate significantly with overall survival. Using multivariable analysis, lymphovascular invasion, nuclear form, and mitotic count each demonstrated independent prognostic significance (P = .008, <.001, and .004, respectively). Modifications of the Elston and Ellis system and a novel grading system were proposed based on these results; all showed significant correlation with overall survival (P < .001). Median survival times were 27, 29, or 31 months for grade I; 14, 12, or 14 months for grade II; and 13, 5, or 8 months for grade III carcinomas using the mitotic-modified Elston and Ellis, the revised Elston and Ellis, or the novel grading system, respectively. Based on this retrospective study, adoption of the species-specific systems as proposed here may improve the prognostic value of histologic grading for feline mammary carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S W Mills
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Indicates equal contribution
| | - K M Musil
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Indicates equal contribution
| | - J L Davies
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Hendrick
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - C Duncan
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M L Jackson
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - B Kidney
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - H Philibert
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - B K Wobeser
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - E Simko
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Davies JL, Epp T, Burgess HJ. Prevalence and geographic distribution of canine and feline blastomycosis in the Canadian prairies. Can Vet J 2013; 54:753-760. [PMID: 24155475 PMCID: PMC3711163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective study reports patient signalment, method of diagnosis and geographic distribution, and examines trends in prevalence and seasonal distribution of blastomycosis cases submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Saskatchewan over a 21-year period. Of the 143 cases that originated from Saskatchewan and Manitoba 137 were from canine and 6 from feline patients. Signalment was similar to that previously reported. All cases originated in southern Saskatchewan and Manitoba, primarily from Regina, Moose Jaw, Swift Current, and Winnipeg. Case numbers showed a significant increase in the period 2001 to 2010 compared to 1990 to 2000. Seasonally, there was an increasing trend in the number of diagnoses from February to November. There was no correlation between average seasonal temperature or average seasonal total precipitation and the number of cases of blastomycosis. The persistence of blastomycosis in southern Saskatchewan indicates that Blastomyces dermatitidis is now endemic in this region.
Collapse
|
18
|
Register KB, Woodbury MR, Davies JL, Trujillo JD, Perez-Casal J, Burrage PH, Clark EG, Windeyer MC. Systemic mycoplasmosis with dystocia and abortion in a North American bison (Bison bison) herd. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:541-5. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638713495029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study describes a fatal Mycoplasma bovis infection in a North American bison ( Bison bison) cow and her aborted fetus in a herd suffering unusual mortality associated with dystocia and abortion. Postmortem evaluation of the subject case found severe caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia, chronic fibrinous pleuritis and pulmonary sequestra, foci of caseous necrosis in the kidneys, and necrotizing endometritis and placentitis. Histologic findings in the maternal tissues include endometrial and placental necrotizing vasculitis and changes in the lung similar to those previously described for M. bovis–associated pneumonia in feedlot bison. Gross and microscopic lesions were not observed in the fetus. Maternal lung, uterus, kidney, and placenta as well as fetal lung and kidney were positive for M. bovis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as were the Mycoplasma-like colonies cultured from these tissues. The presence of M. bovis in maternal and fetal tissues was further demonstrated using nucleic acid extracts in a pan- Mycoplasma SYBR Green PCR assay targeting the 16S-23S ribosomal RNA spacer region with post-PCR dissociation curve analysis and sequencing of the resulting amplicons. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing on maternal lung and uterine caruncle was strongly positive for M. bovis antigen. A variety of methods, including culture, PCR, and IHC, failed to identify other bacterial or viral pathogens in any of the tissues evaluated. These data are the first to implicate M. bovis as a cause of placentitis and abortion in bison.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen B. Register
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| | - Murray R. Woodbury
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| | - Jennifer L. Davies
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| | - Jessie D. Trujillo
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| | - José Perez-Casal
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| | - Patrick H. Burrage
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| | - Edward G. Clark
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| | - M. Claire Windeyer
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA (Register)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (Woodbury)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, International Vaccine Centre (Perez-Casal), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Diagnostic Services Unit, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health (Davies)
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences (Clark)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Fernandez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Meachem MD, Burgess HJ, Davies JL, Kidney BA. Utility of nuclear morphometry in the cytologic evaluation of canine cutaneous soft tissue sarcomas. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:525-30. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638712440988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytopathologists lack reliable criteria to distinguish neoplastic from reactive spindle cells; however, with computer-based nuclear morphometry, it is now possible to more objectively and precisely quantify differences between selected populations of cells. Forty-four cutaneous soft tissue sarcomas and 5 cases of reactive spindle cell proliferations in the dog were morphometrically analyzed with regard to median and standard deviation (SD) of nuclear area, diameter (max, min, mean), radius (max, min), perimeter, and roundness. Overall, nuclei from reactive spindle cells were larger, with greater variation in nuclear size and shape. Significant differences ( P < 0.05) were found for several nuclear parameters, including the median and SD of maximum diameter and radius, as well as the SD of roundness. No significant differences were found in nuclear parameters between soft tissue sarcomas divided by histologic grade, mitotic index, or tumor necrosis score. Analysis of the sources of variation indicated near-perfect intraobserver and substantial interobserver agreement. The largest source of variation was due to selection of different measurement fields, reflecting the inherent biological variation in nuclear size within the tumor cell population. The results indicate that nuclear morphometry on cytologic preparations is a reproducible method that may be able to differentiate cutaneous soft tissue sarcomas from reactive mesenchymal lesions in the dog. Further studies, including a larger number of cases, are warranted to assess repeatability of results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D. Meachem
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Hilary J. Burgess
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Davies
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Beverly A. Kidney
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 4-year-old nulliparous sexually intact female chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) was evaluated because of a 2-month history of blood being sporadically observed in its cage. CLINICAL FINDINGS Results of physical examination of the chinchilla were unremarkable except for the presence of blood-stained fur around the perineum. There were no external lesions to account for the bleeding. Findings on urinalysis, bacteriologic culture of urine, and whole-body radiography were unremarkable. The chinchilla's littermate had been evaluated because of similar clinical signs 2 years earlier, and these signs resolved following ovariohysterectomy. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Ovariohysterectomy was performed, and gross changes were not observed in the reproductive tract. However, microscopic examination revealed multifocal cystic dilation of the endometrial glands, foci of microhemorrhage, and chronic suppurative inflammation consistent with a final diagnosis of cystic endometrial hyperplasia and chronic endometritis. Clinical signs did not recur. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cystic endometrial hyperplasia has been documented in a variety of animals, but to the authors' knowledge, this was the first reported case in a chinchilla. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia and chronic endometritis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in an adult sexually intact female chinchilla with a history of suspected hemorrhagic vaginal discharge, suspected hematuria, or hemorrhage from an unknown source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary J Granson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Davies JL, Haldorson GJ, Bradway DS, Britton AP. Fatal hepatic sarcocystosis in a captive black bear (Ursus americanus) associated with Sarcocystis canis-like infection. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:379-83. [PMID: 21398469 DOI: 10.1177/104063871102300234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatal hepatic sarcocystosis was diagnosed in a 13-year-old captive black bear (Ursus americanus) with a history of acute onset of vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia, and bilirubinuria. Gross lesions included severe icterus, multisystemic hemorrhage, and gall bladder edema. The most significant microscopic lesion was severe necrotizing hepatitis with intralesional protozoa that reproduced by endopolygeny consistent with a Sarcocystis spp. Infrequent microglial nodules were randomly scattered within the white matter of the cerebral cortices, thalamus, and brainstem, but intralesional protozoal schizonts were not observed. In the liver, immunohistochemistry was positive for Sarcocystis spp. and negative for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. Positive staining was not observed in the brain. Genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of liver and brain; in both tissues, PCR was positive for Sarcocystis spp. Sequence analysis of the PCR amplicons revealed 100% identity to the published sequences of Sarcocystis canis and Sarcocystis arctosi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Davies
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Davies JL, Ngeleka M, Wobeser GA. Systemic infection with Mortierella wolfii following abortion in a cow. Can Vet J 2010; 51:1391-1393. [PMID: 21358934 PMCID: PMC2978994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Severe meningoencephalitis and endometritis associated with necrotizing vasculitis, thrombosis, and infarction were found at necropsy of a 4-year-old Aberdeen Angus cow with a history of abortion and neurological signs. Focal pyogranulomatous pneumonia and nephritis were also present. Fungal hyphae typical of zygomycetes were abundant within lesions, and Mortierella wolfii was cultured from multiple tissues. This is believed to be the first report of systemic mortierellosis following abortion in North America, and the second reported instance of encephalitis caused by M. wolfii in a cow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Davies
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wobeser BK, Davies JL, Hill JE, Jackson ML, Kidney BA, Mayer MN, Townsend HGG, Allen AL. Epidemiology of equine sarcoids in horses in western Canada. Can Vet J 2010; 51:1103-1108. [PMID: 21197201 PMCID: PMC2942047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoids are the most common tumor of the equine skin but only 1 study describing the epidemiology of sarcoids in Canadian horses has been published. The records of 5 veterinary diagnostic laboratories in western Canada were searched to identify submissions of sarcoids from horses. The submission records and diagnostic reports of 802 separate submissions of equine sarcoids were reviewed for age, breed, and gender of the horse and the number, location, and clinical type of sarcoid. From these records, the 307 submissions to laboratories in Saskatchewan were compared to a reference group to test for breed and gender predisposition. Based on clinical history and lesion descriptions, 5 clinical types of sarcoids were identified. Horses of various ages and 23 equine breeds were affected; donkeys were over-represented. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from a stratified subset of 96 of the different clinical types; BPV2 was present in 60 of 74 (81%) for which a PCR product was obtained. Unlike other areas in the world, in western Canada, equine sarcoids are most commonly associated with BPV type 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce K Wobeser
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Britton AP, Davies JL. Rhinitis and meningitis in two shelter cats caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus. J Comp Pathol 2010; 143:70-4. [PMID: 20106485 PMCID: PMC7094740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the past 6 years there have been increasing reports describing outbreaks of a severe fatal respiratory disease associated with Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (SEZ) in dogs maintained in shelters, research facilities and kennels. Although SEZ appears to be an emerging pathogen of dogs kept in intensively housed environments, this bacterium has not been reported as a cause of death in intensively housed cats. This report describes fatal SEZ infection in two adult cats housed in separate animal shelter facilities. Both cats had acute onset of illness, which progressed to death in less than 24h. Post-mortem examination revealed rhinitis and meningitis and SEZ was demonstrated in the nasal cavity and brain. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of a 500 base pair region of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed the identity of the bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A P Britton
- Animal Health Centre, British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, Abbotsford, British Columbia V3G 2M3, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Davies JL, Sibley JA, Myers S, Clark EG, Appleyard GD. Histological and genotypical characterization of feline cutaneous mycobacteriosis: a retrospective study of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Vet Dermatol 2006; 17:155-62. [PMID: 16674729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2006.00513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-nine cases presumptively diagnosed as feline cutaneous mycobacteriosis were evaluated microscopically with haematoxylin and eosin and modified Fite's stained sections using archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. Lesions were characterized histologically as feline leprosy (7 cases lepromatous and 16 cases tuberculoid) or atypical mycobacteriosis (3 cases); three cases did not fit these criteria and were classified as 'miscellaneous'. Actinomycetales-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of variable regions 1, 2 and 3 of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and subsequent sequence analysis of the amplicons were performed to identify the species of mycobacteria associated with each case. Together, this study identified 10 different Actinomycetales organisms with greater than 98% nucleotide sequence identity to named species, nine were of the genus Mycobacterium and eight were associated with feline leprosy (both lepromatous and tuberculoid). Based on this study, we conclude that feline cutaneous mycobacteriosis should be considered as a syndrome with varied clinical and histological presentations associated with a variety of different Mycobacterium species, organisms other than Mycobacterium sp. may be associated with feline cutaneous mycobacteriosis lesions, and molecular diagnostic techniques can be an important tool for identifying agents associated with lesions of feline cutaneous mycobacteriosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cat Diseases/microbiology
- Cat Diseases/pathology
- Cats
- Female
- Leprosy, Lepromatous/microbiology
- Leprosy, Lepromatous/pathology
- Leprosy, Lepromatous/veterinary
- Male
- Mycobacterium/classification
- Mycobacterium/genetics
- Mycobacterium Infections/microbiology
- Mycobacterium Infections/pathology
- Mycobacterium Infections/veterinary
- Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology
- Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/pathology
- Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/veterinary
- Mycobacterium leprae/classification
- Mycobacterium leprae/genetics
- Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/classification
- Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/genetics
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Sequence Alignment/veterinary
- Skin Diseases, Bacterial/microbiology
- Skin Diseases, Bacterial/pathology
- Skin Diseases, Bacterial/veterinary
- Species Specificity
- Staining and Labeling/veterinary
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Davies
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5B4
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Davies JL, Baganz F, Ison AP, Lye GJ. Studies on the interaction of fermentation and microfiltration operations: erythromycin recovery from Saccharopolyspora erythraea fermentation broths. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 69:429-39. [PMID: 10862681 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20000820)69:4<429::aid-bit9>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Changes in fermentation media not only affect the performance of the fermentation itself (with regard to the kinetics of biomass and product formation and the yields obtained) but also the initial product-recovery operations downstream of the fermentor. In this work, microfiltration experiments to remove Saccharopolyspora erythraea biomass from fermentation broth and to recover erythromycin were carried out using two fundamentally different media; a soluble complex medium (SCM) and an oil-based process medium (OBM). Small-scale batch fermentations of 14-L working volume were carried out in triplicate using both media. Broth samples were taken from each fermentation at regular intervals from the end of the exponential-growth phase onwards. These were then processed using a Minitan II (acrylic), tangential crossflow-filtration module, fitted with a single 60 cm(2) Durapore hydrophilic 0.2 microm membrane, operated in concentration mode. The OBM fermentations produced higher titers of erythromycin but required longer fermentation times due to increased lag phases and slower maximum-growth rates. The OBM also increased the loading on the membrane; at maximum product titers residual oil concentrations of 3 g. L(-1), antifoam concentrations of 2 g. L(-1) and flour concentrations estimated at approximately 10 g/L(-1) were typical. It was found that both the permeate flux and erythromycin transmission were affected by the choice of medium. The OBM had significantly lower values for both parameters (12.8 Lm(-2) h(-1) and 89.6% respectively) than the SCM (35.9 Lm(-2) h(-1) and 96.7% respectively) when the fermentations were harvested at maximum erythromycin titers. Transmission of erythromycin stayed approximately constant as a function of fermentation time for both media, however, for the OBM the permeate flux decreased with time which correlated with an increase in broth viscosity. The relatively poor microfiltration performance of the OBM medium was, however, offset by the higher titers of erythromycin that were achieved during the fermentation. The filtration characteristics of the SCM broth did not show any correlation with either broth viscosity or fermentation time. Image-analysis data suggested that there was a correlation between hyphal morphology (main hyphal length) and permeate flux (no such correlation was found for the OBM broth). Moreover, it has been shown for the OBM broth that the residual flour had a profound effect on the microfiltration characteristics. The influence of the residual flour was greater than that imposed by the morphology and concentration of the biomass. The understanding of the factors governing the interaction of the fermentation and microfiltration operations obtained in this work provides a first step towards optimization of the overall process sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Davies
- Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dyck PJ, Davies JL, Wilson DM, Service FJ, Melton LJ, O'Brien PC. Risk factors for severity of diabetic polyneuropathy: intensive longitudinal assessment of the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study cohort. Diabetes Care 1999; 22:1479-86. [PMID: 10480512 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.22.9.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic hyperglycemia relates to the occurrence of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), but has not yet been shown to relate to its overall severity In addition, the degree and duration of hyperglycemia, which measure of chronic hyperglycemia is most predictive of defined levels of severity of DPN, and which other putative risk factors are involved remain unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a longitudinal study of 264 diabetic individuals in Rochester, MN, risk factors and other diabetic complications assessed at regular intervals during an average of approximately 7 years were tested for their association with a composite score of severity of DPN at the last examination. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, diabetic retinopathy severity level (at last examination), mean ln(24-h proteinuria x duration of diabetes), and mean GHb were the main covariates for severity of DPN (R2 = 0.33). Excluding markers of microvessel and macrovessel disease, the independent risk factors were mean In(GHb x duration of diabetes), GHb, and type of diabetes (R2 = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS We found that diabetic microvessel disease, chronic hyperglycemia exposure, and type of diabetes are associated with severity of DPN, and we believe these factors are implicated in its cause. Each of the five markers of microvessel disease was a strong covariate for severity of DPN. Mean GHb predicts severity of DPN better than duration of diabetes, and the latter predicts severity of DPN better than mean fasting plasma glucose. Knowing the severity of microvessel disease, the degree of chronic hyperglycemia exposure, and the type of diabetes provides useful information to evaluate whether a coexisting polyneuropathy and its severity is probably due to diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Dyck
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Hemangiomas of bone are rare lesions accounting for approximately 1% of all primary bone tumors. Intraosseous hemangiomas of the foot are especially rare, with only sparse reports in the literature. Presented here is a case study of an erosive bony lesion of the midfoot that was microscopically and histopathologically proven to be a mixed cavernous and capillary hemangioma. Eradication of the lesion during diagnostic biopsy obviated further treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Davies
- Denver Presbyterian/St. Luke's Medical Center, Highlands Ranch, CO 80126, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dyck PJ, Davies JL, Litchy WJ, O'Brien PC. Longitudinal assessment of diabetic polyneuropathy using a composite score in the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study cohort. Neurology 1997; 49:229-39. [PMID: 9222195 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.49.1.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Because there are little satisfactory data on change in severity of diabetic polyneuropathy (DP) over time from study of population-based cohorts of diabetic patients in epidemiologic surveys of DP, it is difficult to predict outcome or morbidity or to identify risk factors; it is also difficult to estimate statistical power for use in controlled clinical trials. In this longitudinal study of almost 200 patients from the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study (RDNS) cohort, we assess which symptoms, clinical examinations, tests, or combinations of examinations and tests (composite scores) are best used as minimal criteria for the diagnosis of DP and as a quantitative measure of severity of DP. An abnormality (> or = 97.5th percentile) of a composite score that included the Neuropathy Impairment Score of the lower limbs plus seven tests (NIS(LL)+7 tests), was a better minimal criteria for DP than clinical judgment alone or previously published minimal criteria. First, it provided a more comprehensive assessment of neuropathic impairment. Second, it avoided the overestimated frequency of DP when the minimal criteria for DP was any one or two abnormalities from multiple measurements. Minimal criteria using nerve conduction and reduced heart beat response to deep breathing identified approximately twice as many patients with DP than did clinical examination and vibration detection threshold using CASE IV. This difference could be used to subclassify state 1 DP. Although various individual measures of DP, for example, vibration detection threshold (as evaluated by CASE IV and the 4, 2, and 1 stepping algorithm [see text]), were good measures of worsening, the composite score NIS(LL)+7 tests (assessing neuropathic impairment) was much better at showing monotone worsening. Using this composite score, the average diabetic patient in the RDNS worsened by 0.34 points per year, whereas patients with diabetic polyneuropathy worsened by 0.85 points per year. On the assumption that a therapeutic agent may prevent worsening of DP but not cause improvement, controlled clinical trials of patients with DP would need to be conducted for a period of 3 years to achieve a meaningful change of 2 NIS points (the level of abnormality considered by a Peripheral Nerve Society consensus group to be clinically meaningful).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Dyck
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Davies JL, Mathew G. Behaviour disorder in an adolescent with terminal deletion of chromosome 3. J Intellect Disabil Res 1997; 41 ( Pt 3):278-280. [PMID: 9219079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 3 are rare and survival into adulthood has not been previously reported. A 15-year-old with this condition was studied and the difficulties in management of the manifest behaviours are described. This chromosomal abnormality may be associated with mental and functional deterioration as well as severe self-injurious behaviour, commencing in early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Davies
- Psychiatric Unit, Barnet General Hospital, Herts, England
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
In rats with streptozin-induced diabetes mellitus, the caliber of distal myelinated fiber (MF) axons in relation to the number of myelin lamellae is smaller than in controls. This finding usually has been attributed to axonal atrophy, but shrinkage or maldevelopment has also been considered. For human diabetic polyneuropathy (DP), axonal atrophy has been assumed by some investigators, but convincing evidence has not been demonstrated. We morphometrically evaluated transverse sections of 33 sural nerves from carefully evaluated diabetic patients > or = 30 years old without (8 patients) or with (25 patients) DP and compared them with 24 nerves from healthy subjects > or = 30 years old. Nerves from diabetic patients and controls were obtained under identical conditions and processed and evaluated in the same way, using an observer blind to the disease condition. Using computer digitization of electron micrographs, we evaluated the axonal area, perimeter, index of circularity, number of myelin lamellae, and frequency of adaxonal sequestration of 50.4 (mean) +/- 5.8 (SD) MF per sural nerve for healthy subjects and diabetic patients > or = 30 years old. The regression lines of the natural log (In) of axonal area on number of myelin lamellae of diabetic patients (with or without DP) were not significantly different from the regression lines of nerves of healthy subjects for large MFs-the most reliable group in which to recognize atrophy. Likewise, the regression lines of index of circularity (IC) (an index that is decreased with atrophy or shrinkage) on number of myelin lamellae for large fibers was not significantly different between the disease and control groups. The rate of adaxonal sequestration was not significantly higher in DP than in healthy subjects. These results do not support the hypothesis that axonal atrophy occurs in human DP. For small MF, or all MF, some significant differences in regression lines of In axonal area or IC on number of lamellae were found, but these changes are probably explained by events of remyelination and axonal regeneration, which can affect these relationships and are known to occur in DP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Engelstad
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Endoscopic plantar fasciotomy is a rewarding procedure for both patient and surgeon. A vast majority of the patients have complete or near-complete resolution of heel pain at 6 months postoperatively. The procedure, however, is not without side effects and complications. This retrospective statistical study describes the postoperative side effects and complications of endoscopic plantar fasciotomy from 1992 to 1994. The procedure has been modified in an attempt to reduce several of the more commonly reported side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A Stone
- Presbyterian/St. Luke's Podiatric Surgical Residency Program, Denver, CO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Davies JL, Cucca F, Goy JV, Atta ZA, Merriman ME, Wilson A, Barnett AH, Bain SC, Todd JA. Saturation multipoint linkage mapping of chromosome 6q in type 1 diabetes. Hum Mol Genet 1996; 5:1071-4. [PMID: 8817350 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.7.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Linkage analysis of type 1 diabetes sib pair families (n = 334) has suggested two separate regions of human chromosome 6q are linked to disease (designated IDDM5 and IDDM8). To test if these are false positive results, all available sib pair families (n = 429) were typed using a 92% informative map of chromosome 6q and multipoint analysis. The two regions still showed positive evidence of linkage, most notably the proterminal region, 6q27, corresponding to IDDM8 (MLS = 2.57, p = 0.0006; lambda s = 1.17). In addition, some evidence of transmission disequilibrium was seen with marker a046xa9 (IDDM5).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Davies
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Headington, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Davies JL, Cucca F, Goy JV, Atta ZA, Merriman ME, Wilson A, Barnett AH, Bain SC, Todd JA. Linkage of chromosome 6 and type 1 diabetes. DNA Seq 1996; 7:25-6. [PMID: 9063632 DOI: 10.3109/10425179609015641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Davies
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pritchard LE, Kawaguchi Y, Reed PW, Copeman JB, Davies JL, Barnett AH, Bain SC, Todd JA. Analysis of the CD3 gene region and type 1 diabetes: application of fluorescence-based technology to linkage disequilibrium mapping. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4:197-202. [PMID: 7757067 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/4.2.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD3 gene region on chromosome 11q23 has been implicated in susceptibility to type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Using semi-automated fluorescence-based technology, we have undertaken association and linkage analysis of a dinucleotide microsatellite in the CD3 delta (CD3D) gene. We have also performed a large case-control analysis of a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the CD3 epsilon (CD3E) gene, 26 kb from CD3D. We found no evidence for the previously reported association between the 8 kb allele of the RFLP and disease in a UK dataset of 403 diabetic patients and 446 nondiabetic controls. Furthermore, the use of the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) showed no evidence of linkage or association to type 1 diabetes at either marker locus. We conclude that the CD3 gene region does not contribute significantly to IDDM susceptibility. We have successfully applied semi-automated, fluorescence-based technology to undertake association analysis on the CD3D microsatellite. Moreover, by analysing 94 other dinucleotide repeat markers, we conclude that fluorescence-based methodology can generally be applied to large-scale, semi-automated association studies with most microsatellite markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E Pritchard
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Davies JL, Kawaguchi Y, Bennett ST, Copeman JB, Cordell HJ, Pritchard LE, Reed PW, Gough SC, Jenkins SC, Palmer SM. A genome-wide search for human type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes. Nature 1994; 371:130-6. [PMID: 8072542 DOI: 10.1038/371130a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 819] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have searched the human genome for genes that predispose to type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus using semi-automated fluorescence-based technology and linkage analysis. In addition to IDDM1 (in the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6p21) and IDDM2 (in the insulin gene region on chromosome 11p15), eighteen different chromosome regions showed some positive evidence of linkage to disease. Linkages to chromosomes 11q (IDDM4) and 6q (IDDM5) were confirmed by replication, and chromosome 18 may encode a fifth disease locus. There are probably no genes with large effects aside from IDDM1. Therefore polygenic inheritance is indicated, with a major locus at the major histocompatibility complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Davies
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
This paper examines the perceived risk of occupationally contracting HIV among dental care providers. This examination is based upon responses to a mailed questionnaire from all registered dentists (76 per cent response rate, n = 550) and dental therapists (63 per cent response rate, n = 208) in Western Australia during 1992. Results indicate that: 1) dental care providers who perceive a high risk of occupationally contracting HIV report a more conservative, cautious approach to HIV infection than do providers who perceive less risk of contracting the virus; 2) dental therapists are more likely than dentists to report a higher degree of perceived risk of occupationally contracting HIV; and 3) dentists are more likely than dental therapists to perceive compliance with universal precaution guidelines in dental practices in which they work. Reasons are presented for a suspicion that both sets of perceptions may be exaggerated. The need to educate dental therapists on the realistic risks of occupationally contracting HIV and to educate dentists on the value of compliance (and of appearing to comply) with universal precaution guidelines in order to help reduce undue stress and hindrances in the provision of safe and effective dental care in this era of AIDS concludes this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C E Waddell
- Department of Anthropology, University of Western Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Reed PW, Davies JL, Copeman JB, Bennett ST, Palmer SM, Pritchard LE, Gough SC, Kawaguchi Y, Cordell HJ, Balfour KM. Chromosome-specific microsatellite sets for fluorescence-based, semi-automated genome mapping. Nat Genet 1994; 7:390-5. [PMID: 7920657 DOI: 10.1038/ng0794-390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate large-scale genetic mapping of the human genome, we have developed chromosome-specific sets of microsatellite marker loci suitable for use with a fluorescence-based automated DNA fragment analyser. We present 254 dinucleotide repeat marker loci (80% from the Généthon genetic linkage map) arranged into 39 sets, covering all 22 autosomes and the X chromosome. The average distance between adjacent markers is 13 centiMorgans, and less than 4% of the genome lies more than 20 cM from the nearest marker. Each set of microsatellites consists of up to nine marker loci, with allele size ranges that do not overlap. We selected marker loci on the basis of their reliability in the polymerase chain reaction, polymorphism content, map position and the accuracy with which alleles can be scored automatically by the Genotyper program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P W Reed
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Barreto T, Campbell OM, Davies JL, Fauveau V, Filippi VG, Graham WJ, Mamdani M, Rooney CI, Toubia NF. Investigating induced abortion in developing countries: methods and problems. Stud Fam Plann 1992; 23:159-70. [PMID: 1523696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interest in abortion research is reemerging, partly as a result of political changes and partly due to evidence of the contribution of induced abortion to maternal mortality in developing countries. Information is lacking on all aspects of induced abortion, particularly methodological issues. This article reviews the methodological dilemmas encountered in previous studies, which provide useful lessons for future research on induced abortion and its complications, including related deaths. Adverse health outcomes of induced abortion are emphasized, because these are largely avoidable with access to safe abortion services. The main sources of information are examined, and their relevance for assessing rates of induced abortion, complications, and mortality is addressed. Two of the major topics are the problems of identifying cases of induced abortion, abortion complications, and related deaths, and the difficulties of selecting a valid and representative sample of women having the outcome of interest, with an appropriate comparison group. The article concludes with a discussion of approaches for improving the accuracy, completeness, and representativeness of information on induced abortion. Although the prospects for high-quality information seem daunting, it is essential that methodological advances accompany program efforts to alleviate this important public health problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Barreto
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, England
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The present study demonstrated that plasma IL-6 concentration was higher in older subjects than in younger ones and significantly in the male group (P = 0.02); Spearman rank correlation showed that plasma IL-6 concentration was positively correlated with age (r = 0.28, N = 55, P < 0.05); there was a highly significant correlation between the concentrations in plasma IL-6 and IL-1 alpha (r = 0.51, N = 52, P < 0.001). These findings suggest the possibility that age-related changes of plasma IL-6 and IL-1 alpha may provide a pathological basis for the susceptibility to such illness as commonly occurs in elderly people, especially Alzheimer's disease as the two interleukins can induce the production of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and beta-amyloid protein precursor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wei
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Schizophrenia Association of Great Britain, Bangor, Gwynedd, U.K
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Davies JL. Graduated compression stockings in the prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Br J Surg 1990; 77:1435-6. [PMID: 2276035 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800771236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
44
|
Alexander CN, Langer EJ, Newman RI, Chandler HM, Davies JL. Transcendental meditation, mindfulness, and longevity: an experimental study with the elderly. J Pers Soc Psychol 1989. [PMID: 2693686 DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.57.6.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Can direct change in state of consciousness through specific mental techniques extend human life and reverse age-related declines? To address this question, 73 residents of 8 homes for the elderly (mean age = 81 years) were randomly assigned among no treatment and 3 treatments highly similar in external structure and expectations: the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program, mindfulness training (MF) in active distinction making, or a relaxation (low mindfulness) program. A planned comparison indicated that the "restful alert" TM group improved most, followed by MF, in contrast to relaxation and no-treatment groups, on paired associate learning; 2 measures of cognitive flexibility; mental health; systolic blood pressure; and ratings of behavioral flexibility, aging, and treatment efficacy. The MF group improved most, followed by TM, on perceived control and word fluency. After 3 years, survival rate was 100% for TM and 87.5% for MF in contrast to lower rates for other groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C N Alexander
- Department of Psychology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa 52556
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Alexander CN, Langer EJ, Newman RI, Chandler HM, Davies JL. Transcendental Meditation, mindfulness, and longevity: An experimental study with the elderly. J Pers Soc Psychol 1989; 57:950-64. [PMID: 2693686 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Can direct change in state of consciousness through specific mental techniques extend human life and reverse age-related declines? To address this question, 73 residents of 8 homes for the elderly (mean age = 81 years) were randomly assigned among no treatment and 3 treatments highly similar in external structure and expectations: the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program, mindfulness training (MF) in active distinction making, or a relaxation (low mindfulness) program. A planned comparison indicated that the "restful alert" TM group improved most, followed by MF, in contrast to relaxation and no-treatment groups, on paired associate learning; 2 measures of cognitive flexibility; mental health; systolic blood pressure; and ratings of behavioral flexibility, aging, and treatment efficacy. The MF group improved most, followed by TM, on perceived control and word fluency. After 3 years, survival rate was 100% for TM and 87.5% for MF in contrast to lower rates for other groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C N Alexander
- Department of Psychology, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa 52556
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured respiratory teaching programme, clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were hospitalized in a 13-month period both prior to and following the implementation of the programme were compared on several parameters to assess changes in their ability to manage their disabilities. The study demonstrated that clients who participated in the teaching sessions had fewer hospital admissions, shorter lengths of hospital stay, and longer stays in the community. A sub-group of clients who were or had been in at-risk occupations was identified as representing the 'revolving door' client with shorter hospital and community stays. The teaching programme is described as well as specific elements that can be used for a shorter teaching experience to respond to time constraints when necessary.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
To summarize the review, the medical literature indicates that certain constitutional factors as well as the use of exogenous estrogen are associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. In addition, the absolute increase in the risk of this neoplasm with use of estrogen does not appear to be constant but depends upon the specific constitutional factors present. Therefore, particular caution should be exercised in prescribing replacement estrogens for women who already have an increased risk of endometrial cancer, such as those who are overweight or those who give a history of late onset of menopause. It should be noted, however, that the greatest absolute increase in risk with estrogen use appears to occur in women with no other known risk factors for the disease.
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
|
50
|
Antunes CM, Strolley PD, Rosenshein NB, Davies JL, Tonascia JA, Brown C, Burnett L, Rutledge A, Pokempner M, Garcia R. Endometrial cancer and estrogen use. Report of a large case-control study. N Engl J Med 1979; 300:9-13. [PMID: 213722 DOI: 10.1056/nejm197901043000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our case-control study of the relation between estrogen use and endometrial cancer involved 451 cases and 888 controls. The overall risk of endometrial carcinoma was sixfold for estrogen users as compared with nonusers; long-term users (greater than five years) had a 15-fold risk. Excess risk was present for both diethylstilberstrol and conjugated estrogens. The risk associated with cyclic use was as great as that for continuous use. Increased risk was associated with estrogen use for all histologic grades of the tumor. The risk of advanced-stage carcinoma was fourfold for estrogen users, but rhe confidence interval was wide, and this question requires further study. Finally, this investigation contradicts the speculation that the association between this cancer and estrogen use can be explained by swifter diagnosis for estrogen users, misclassification of estrogen-related hyperplasia or treatment of early symptoms of the tumor with estrogen.
Collapse
|