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Nuotio P, Lankinen MA, Meuronen T, de Mello VD, Sallinen T, Virtanen KA, Pihlajamäki J, Laakso M, Schwab U. Dietary n-3 alpha-linolenic and n-6 linoleic acids modestly lower serum lipoprotein(a) concentration but differentially influence other atherogenic lipoprotein traits: A randomized trial. Atherosclerosis 2024:117562. [PMID: 38714425 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a causal, genetically determined cardiovascular risk factor. Limited evidence suggests that dietary unsaturated fat may increase serum Lp(a) concentration by 10-15 %. Linoleic acid may increase Lp(a) concentration through its endogenous conversion to arachidonic acid, a process regulated by the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster. We aimed to compare the Lp(a) and other lipoprotein trait-modulating effects of dietary alpha-linolenic (ALA) and linoleic acids (LA). Additionally, we examined whether FADS1 rs174550 genotype modifies Lp(a) responses. METHODS A genotype-based randomized trial was performed in 118 men homozygous for FADS1 rs174550 SNP (TT or CC). After a 4-week run-in period, the participants were randomized to 8-week intervention diets enriched with either Camelina sativa oil (ALA diet) or sunflower oil (LA diet) 30-50 mL/day based on their BMI. Serum lipid profile was measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. RESULTS ALA diet lowered serum Lp(a) concentration by 7.3 % (p = 0.003) and LA diet by 9.5 % (p < 0.001) (p = 0.089 for between-diet difference). Both diets led to greater absolute decreases in individuals with higher baseline Lp(a) concentration (p < 0.001). Concentrations of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), non-HDL-C, remnant-C, and apolipoprotein B were lowered more by the ALA diet (p < 0.01). Lipid or lipoprotein responses were not modified by the FADS1 rs174550 genotype. CONCLUSIONS A considerable increase in either dietary ALA or LA from vegetable oils has a similar Lp(a)-lowering effect, whereas ALA may lower other major atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins to a greater extent than LA. Genetic differences in endogenous PUFA conversion may not influence serum Lp(a) concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Nuotio
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Maria A Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Topi Meuronen
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Vanessa D de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taisa Sallinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029, Kuopio, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70029, Kuopio, Finland; Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
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Niemelä PE, Leppänen HA, Voutilainen A, Möykkynen EM, Virtanen KA, Ruusunen AA, Rintamäki RM. Prevalence of eating disorder symptoms in people with insulin-dependent-diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eat Behav 2024; 53:101863. [PMID: 38452627 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms (EDS) in 16 years and older individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes including both clinical and subclinical eating disorder symptoms. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases to discover studies reporting prevalence of eating disorder symptoms in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (both type 1 and type 2). We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and an independent meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of insulin omission. RESULTS A total of 45 studies were included in the meta-analysis of eating disorder symptoms. Diabetes Eating Problem Survey (DEPS-R) was the most frequently used screening tool (in 43 % of studies, n = 20). The pooled prevalence of eating disorder symptoms was 24 % (95 % CI 0.21-0.28), whereas in studies using DEPS-R, it was slightly higher, 27 % (95 % CI 0.24-0.31), with the prevalence ratio (PR) of 1.1. The prevalence differed between screening tools (χ2 = 85.83, df = 8, p < .0001). The sex distribution was associated with the observed prevalences; in studies with a higher female prevalence (>58 %), the pooled eating disorder symptom prevalence was higher [30 % (95 % CI 0.26-0.34) vs. 18 % (95 % Cl 0.14-0.22), PR 1.7]. The prevalence of insulin omission was 21 % (95 % CI 0.13-0.33). CONCLUSIONS Eating disorder symptoms and insulin omission are common in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes regardless of age. DEPS-R is the most used screening tool. Studies with a higher proportion of female participants report higher prevalence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia E Niemelä
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna A Leppänen
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ari Voutilainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Essi M Möykkynen
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Faculty of Medicine, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Anu A Ruusunen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Kuopio, Finland; IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Reeta M Rintamäki
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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3
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Giroud M, Kotschi S, Kwon Y, Le Thuc O, Hoffmann A, Gil‐Lozano M, Karbiener M, Higareda‐Almaraz JC, Khani S, Tews D, Fischer‐Posovszky P, Sun W, Dong H, Ghosh A, Wolfrum C, Wabitsch M, Virtanen KA, Blüher M, Nielsen S, Zeigerer A, García‐Cáceres C, Scheideler M, Herzig S, Bartelt A. The obesity-linked human lncRNA AATBC stimulates mitochondrial function in adipocytes. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57600. [PMID: 37671834 PMCID: PMC10561178 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are critical regulators of metabolism and energy balance. While white adipocyte dysfunction is a hallmark of obesity-associated disorders, thermogenic adipocytes are linked to cardiometabolic health. As adipocytes dynamically adapt to environmental cues by functionally switching between white and thermogenic phenotypes, a molecular understanding of this plasticity could help improving metabolism. Here, we show that the lncRNA Apoptosis associated transcript in bladder cancer (AATBC) is a human-specific regulator of adipocyte plasticity. Comparing transcriptional profiles of human adipose tissues and cultured adipocytes we discovered that AATBC was enriched in thermogenic conditions. Using primary and immortalized human adipocytes we found that AATBC enhanced the thermogenic phenotype, which was linked to increased respiration and a more fragmented mitochondrial network. Expression of AATBC in adipose tissue of mice led to lower plasma leptin levels. Interestingly, this association was also present in human subjects, as AATBC in adipose tissue was inversely correlated with plasma leptin levels, BMI, and other measures of metabolic health. In conclusion, AATBC is a novel obesity-linked regulator of adipocyte plasticity and mitochondrial function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Giroud
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Stefan Kotschi
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Yun Kwon
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Ophélia Le Thuc
- Institute for Diabetes and ObesityHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Manuel Gil‐Lozano
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Juan Carlos Higareda‐Almaraz
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Sajjad Khani
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUlm University Medical CenterUlmGermany
| | - Pamela Fischer‐Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUlm University Medical CenterUlmGermany
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and HealthETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and HealthETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and HealthETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and HealthETH ZürichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUlm University Medical CenterUlmGermany
| | | | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, RheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Søren Nielsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Cristina García‐Cáceres
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Institute for Diabetes and ObesityHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der UniversitätLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- German Center for Diabetes ResearchNeuherbergGermany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- Chair Molecular Metabolic ControlTechnical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Diabetes and CancerHelmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Faculty of MedicineLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart AllianceLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversityMunichGermany
- Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker CenterHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
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U-Din M, de Mello VD, Tuomainen M, Raiko J, Niemi T, Fromme T, Klåvus A, Gautier N, Haimilahti K, Lehtonen M, Kristiansen K, Newman JW, Pietiläinen KH, Pihlajamäki J, Amri EZ, Klingenspor M, Nuutila P, Pirinen E, Hanhineva K, Virtanen KA. Cold-stimulated brown adipose tissue activation is related to changes in serum metabolites relevant to NAD + metabolism in humans. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113131. [PMID: 37708023 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold-induced brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation is considered to improve metabolic health. In murine BAT, cold increases the fundamental molecule for mitochondrial function, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), but limited knowledge of NAD+ metabolism during cold in human BAT metabolism exists. We show that cold increases the serum metabolites of the NAD+ salvage pathway (nicotinamide and 1-methylnicotinamide) in humans. Additionally, individuals with cold-stimulated BAT activation have decreased levels of metabolites from the de novo NAD+ biosynthesis pathway (tryptophan, kynurenine). Serum nicotinamide correlates positively with cold-stimulated BAT activation, whereas tryptophan and kynurenine correlate negatively. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in NAD+ biosynthesis in BAT is related to markers of metabolic health. Our data indicate that cold increases serum tryptophan conversion to nicotinamide to be further utilized by BAT. We conclude that NAD+ metabolism is activated upon cold in humans and is probably regulated in a coordinated fashion by several tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mueez U-Din
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Vanessa D de Mello
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjo Tuomainen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juho Raiko
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tarja Niemi
- Department of Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anton Klåvus
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Kimmo Haimilahti
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Stem Cells and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - John W Newman
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Obesity Center, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Research Unit for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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5
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Pellegrinelli V, Figueroa-Juárez E, Samuelson I, U-Din M, Rodriguez-Fdez S, Virtue S, Leggat J, Çubuk C, Peirce VJ, Niemi T, Campbell M, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Blázquez JD, Carobbio S, Virtanen KA, Vidal-Puig A. Defective extracellular matrix remodeling in brown adipose tissue is associated with fibro-inflammation and reduced diet-induced thermogenesis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112640. [PMID: 37318951 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is reported in white adipose tissue (AT) and obesity-related dysfunctions, but little is known about the importance of ECM remodeling in brown AT (BAT) function. Here, we show that a time course of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding progressively impairs diet-induced thermogenesis concomitantly with the development of fibro-inflammation in BAT. Higher markers of fibro-inflammation are associated with lower cold-induced BAT activity in humans. Similarly, when mice are housed at thermoneutrality, inactivated BAT features fibro-inflammation. We validate the pathophysiological relevance of BAT ECM remodeling in response to temperature challenges and HFD using a model of a primary defect in the collagen turnover mediated by partial ablation of the Pepd prolidase. Pepd-heterozygous mice display exacerbated dysfunction and BAT fibro-inflammation at thermoneutrality and in HFD. Our findings show the relevance of ECM remodeling in BAT activation and provide a mechanism for BAT dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pellegrinelli
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Figueroa-Juárez
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabella Samuelson
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mueez U-Din
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sonia Rodriguez-Fdez
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel Virtue
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Leggat
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cankut Çubuk
- Platform of Computational Medicine, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen Del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Vivian J Peirce
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tarja Niemi
- Department of Plastic and General Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mark Campbell
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Sergio Rodriguez-Cuenca
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Joaquin Dopazo Blázquez
- Platform of Computational Medicine, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen Del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Bioinformatics in RareDiseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Sevilla 41013, Spain; Functional Genomics Node (INB-ELIXIR-es), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland; Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, P.R. China; Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain; Cambridge Heart and Lung Research Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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6
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Sun L, Laurila S, Lahesmaa M, Rebelos E, Virtanen KA, Schnabl K, Klingenspor M, Nummenmaa L, Nuutila P. Secretin modulates appetite via brown adipose tissue-brain axis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1597-1606. [PMID: 36764966 PMCID: PMC10119257 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Secretin activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) and induces satiation in both mice and humans. However, the exact brain mechanism of this satiety inducing, secretin-mediated gut-BAT-brain axis is largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In this placebo-controlled, single-blinded neuroimaging study, firstly using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET measures (n = 15), we established that secretin modulated brain glucose consumption through the BAT-brain axis. Predominantly, we found that BAT and caudate glucose uptake levels were negatively correlated (r = -0.54, p = 0.037) during secretin but not placebo condition. Then, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; n = 14), we found that secretin improved inhibitory control and downregulated the brain response to appetizing food images. Finally, in a PET-fMRI fusion analysis (n = 10), we disclosed the patterned correspondence between caudate glucose uptake and neuroactivity to reward and inhibition, showing that the secretin-induced neurometabolic coupling patterns promoted satiation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that secretin may modulate the BAT-brain metabolic crosstalk and subsequently the neurometabolic coupling to induce satiation. The study advances our understanding of the secretin signaling in motivated eating behavior and highlights the potential role of secretin in treating eating disorders and obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT no. 2016-002373-35, registered 2 June 2016; Clinical Trials no. NCT03290846, registered 25 September 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Lahesmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katharina Schnabl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ-Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ-Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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7
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Vaittinen M, Ilha M, Herbers E, Wagner A, Virtanen KA, Pietiläinen KH, Pirinen E, Pihlajamäki J. Liraglutide demonstrates a therapeutic effect on mitochondrial dysfunction in human SGBS adipocytes in vitro. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 199:110635. [PMID: 36958431 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Liraglutide (LG), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, has been shown to improve white adipose tissue mitochondrial metabolism in mice but not in human adipocytes. Therefore, we explored whether LG has therapeutic efficacy in mitochondrial dysfunction in human adipocytes in vitro. METHODS We tested the effects of short-term (ST-LG: 24 h) and long-term (LT-LG: D0-15 days) treatments in human SGBS adipocytes on mitochondrial respiration, mRNA and protein expression. GLP-1R inhibition was investigated by the co-treatment of GLP-1R inhibitor, exendin 9-39 (Ex9-39) and ST-LG treatment. We also explored the ability of ST-LG to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). RESULTS LT-LG treatment induced the formation of smaller lipid droplets and increased the expression of genes related to lipolysis. Both ST-LG and LT-LG treatments promoted mitochondrial respiration. Additionally, LT-LG treatment increased the expression of a brown adipocyte marker, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), and the markers of mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, ST-LG rescued TNFα-induced defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism and inflammation in SGBS adipocytes. CONCLUSION LG stimulates mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis in human adipocytes, potentially via UCP-1-mediated adipocyte browning. Importantly, our study demonstrates for the first time that LG has a therapeutic potential on mitochondrial activity in human adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Vaittinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mariana Ilha
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elena Herbers
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Wagner
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland; Research Unit for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Obesity Center, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland; Research Unit for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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8
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Meuronen T, Lankinen MA, Kolmert J, de Mello VD, Sallinen T, Ågren J, Virtanen KA, Laakso M, Wheelock CE, Pihlajamäki J, Schwab U. The FADS1 rs174550 Genotype Modifies the n-3 and n-6 PUFA and Lipid Mediator Responses to a High Alpha-Linolenic Acid and High Linoleic Acid Diets. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200351. [PMID: 36367234 PMCID: PMC10077898 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The fatty acid composition of plasma lipids, which is associated with biomarkers and risk of non-communicable diseases, is regulated by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and variants of fatty acid desaturase (FADS). We investigated the interactions between dietary PUFAs and FADS1 rs174550 variant. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants (n = 118), homozygous for FADS1 rs174550 variant (TT and CC) followed a high alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 5 percent of energy (E-%)) or a high linoleic acid (LA, 10 E-%) diet during an 8-week randomized controlled intervention. Fatty acid composition of plasma lipids and PUFA-derived lipid mediators were quantified by gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. The high-LA diet increased the concentration of plasma LA, but not its lipid mediators. The concentration of plasma arachidonic acid decreased in carriers of CC and remained unchanged in the TT genotype. The high-ALA diet increased the concentration of plasma ALA and its cytochrome P450-derived epoxides and dihydroxys, and cyclooxygenase-derived monohydroxys. Concentrations of plasma eicosapentaenoic acid and its mono- and dihydroxys increased only in TT genotype carriers. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the potential for genotype-based recommendations for PUFA consumption, resulting in modulation of bioactive lipid mediators which can exert beneficial effects in maintaining health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Topi Meuronen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionSchool of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio70211Finland
- Food Sciences UnitUniversity of TurkuTurku20500Finland
| | - Maria A. Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionSchool of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio70211Finland
| | - Johan Kolmert
- Unit of Integrative MetabolomicsInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 65Sweden
| | - Vanessa Derenji de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionSchool of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio70211Finland
| | - Taisa Sallinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionSchool of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio70211Finland
- University of Eastern Finland Library KuopioKuopio70600Finland
| | - Jyrki Ågren
- Institute of BiomedicineSchool of Medicine University of Eastern FinlandKuopio70211Finland
| | - Kirsi A. Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionSchool of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio70211Finland
- Department of MedicineEndocrinology and Clinical NutritionKuopio University HospitalKuopio70210Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical MedicineInternal Medicine University of Eastern FinlandKuopio70029Finland
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University HospitalKuopio70210Finland
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Unit of Integrative MetabolomicsInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholm171 65Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and AllergyKarolinska University HospitalStockholm141 86Sweden
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR)Gunma UniversityMaebashi371‐8511Japan
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionSchool of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio70211Finland
- Department of MedicineEndocrinology and Clinical NutritionKuopio University HospitalKuopio70210Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionSchool of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopio70211Finland
- Department of MedicineEndocrinology and Clinical NutritionKuopio University HospitalKuopio70210Finland
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9
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Rauhala E, Johansson J, Karrasch M, Eskola O, Tolvanen T, Parkkola R, Virtanen KA, Rinne JO. Change in brain amyloid load and cognition in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a 3-year follow-up study. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:55. [PMID: 36065070 PMCID: PMC9445147 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our aim was to investigate the discriminative value of 18F-Flutemetamol PET in longitudinal assessment of amyloid beta accumulation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients, in relation to longitudinal cognitive changes.
Methods We investigated the change in 18F-Flutemetamol uptake and cognitive impairment in aMCI patients over time up to 3 years which enabled us to investigate possible association between changes in brain amyloid load and cognition over time. Thirty-four patients with aMCI (mean age 73.4 years, SD 6.6) were examined with 18F-Flutemetamol PET scan, brain MRI and cognitive tests at baseline and after 3-year follow-up or earlier if the patient had converted to Alzheimer´s disease (AD). 18F-Flutemetamol data were analyzed both with automated region-of-interest analysis and voxel-based statistical parametric mapping. Results 18F-flutemetamol uptake increased during the follow-up, and the increase was significantly higher in patients who were amyloid positive at baseline as compared to the amyloid-negative ones. At follow-up, there was a significant association between 18F-Flutemetamol uptake and MMSE, logical memory I (immediate recall), logical memory II (delayed recall) and verbal fluency. An association was seen between the increase in 18F-Flutemetamol uptake and decline in MMSE and logical memory I scores. Conclusions In the early phase of aMCI, presence of amyloid pathology at baseline strongly predicted amyloid accumulation during follow-up, which was further paralleled by cognitive declines. Inversely, some of our patients remained amyloid negative also at the end of the study without significant change in 18F-Flutemetamol uptake or cognition. Future studies with longer follow-up are needed to distinguish whether the underlying pathophysiology of aMCI in such patients is other than AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Rauhala
- Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku and Neurocenter, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mira Karrasch
- Department of Psychology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Tolvanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. .,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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10
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Saari T, Koffert J, Honka H, Kauhanen S, U-Din M, Wierup N, Lindqvist A, Groop L, Virtanen KA, Nuutila P. Obesity-associated Blunted Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Blood Flow After Meal Improves After Bariatric Surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1930-1938. [PMID: 35363252 PMCID: PMC9202692 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and meal ingestion increase subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) perfusion in healthy individuals. The effects of GIP and a meal on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) perfusion are unclear. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the effects of meal and GIP on VAT and SAT perfusion in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) before and after bariatric surgery. METHODS We recruited 10 obese individuals with T2DM scheduled for bariatric surgery and 10 control individuals. Participants were studied under 2 stimulations: meal ingestion and GIP infusion. SAT and VAT perfusion was measured using 15O-H2O positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging at 3 time points: baseline, 20 minutes, and 50 minutes after the start of stimulation. Obese individuals were studied before and after bariatric surgery. RESULTS Before bariatric surgery the responses of SAT perfusion to meal (P = .04) and GIP-infusion (P = .002) were blunted in the obese participants compared to controls. VAT perfusion response did not differ between obese and control individuals after a meal or GIP infusion. After bariatric surgery SAT perfusion response to a meal was similar to that of controls. SAT perfusion response to GIP administration remained lower in the operated-on than control participants. There was no change in VAT perfusion response after bariatric surgery. CONCLUSION The vasodilating effects of GIP and meal are blunted in SAT but not in VAT in obese individuals with T2DM. Bariatric surgery improves the effects of a meal on SAT perfusion, but not the effects of GIP. Postprandial increase in SAT perfusion after bariatric surgery seems to be regulated in a GIP-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Saari
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Koffert
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Honka
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Saila Kauhanen
- Division of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mueez U-Din
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, 20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, 20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, 20213 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Correspondence: Kirsi A. Virtanen, MD, PhD, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Department of Endocrinology, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 2052 Turku, Finland. ,
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
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11
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Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) is used to detect brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans. Function can be measured using different tracers, most typically with glucose analog 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG). CT provides an anatomical reference, but this tool can be utilized for other purposes as well, such as indirect estimate of triglyceride content of the BAT. PET/CT measurements require sophisticated and highly specified devices, and manufacturer-dependent differences exist between different scanners. Therefore, complete device-specific instructions are not given in this article, but rather general guidelines which are important when human BAT is imaged using PET/CT.
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12
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Laurila S, Rebelos E, Lahesmaa M, Sun L, Schnabl K, Peltomaa TM, Klén R, U-Din M, Honka MJ, Eskola O, Kirjavainen AK, Nummenmaa L, Klingenspor M, Virtanen KA, Nuutila P. Novel effects of the gastrointestinal hormone secretin on cardiac metabolism and renal function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E54-E62. [PMID: 34806426 PMCID: PMC8791786 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00260.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac benefits of gastrointestinal hormones have been of interest in recent years. The aim of this study was to explore the myocardial and renal effects of the gastrointestinal hormone secretin in the GUTBAT trial (NCT03290846). A placebo-controlled crossover study was conducted on 15 healthy males in fasting conditions, where subjects were blinded to the intervention. Myocardial glucose uptake was measured with [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography. Kidney function was measured with [18F]FDG renal clearance and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Secretin increased myocardial glucose uptake compared with placebo (secretin vs. placebo, means ± SD, 15.5 ± 7.4 vs. 9.7 ± 4.9 μmol/100 g/min, 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.2, 9.4], P = 0.004). Secretin also increased [18F]FDG renal clearance (44.5 ± 5.4 vs. 39.5 ± 8.5 mL/min, 95%CI [1.9, 8.1], P = 0.004), and eGFR was significantly increased from baseline after secretin, compared with placebo (17.8 ± 9.8 vs. 6.0 ± 5.2 ΔmL/min/1.73 m2, 95%CI [6.0, 17.6], P = 0.001). Our results implicate that secretin increases heart work and renal filtration, making it an interesting drug candidate for future studies in heart and kidney failure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Secretin increases myocardial glucose uptake compared with placebo, supporting a previously proposed inotropic effect. Secretin also increased renal filtration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
| | - Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Lahesmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jorvi Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lihua Sun
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katharina Schnabl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Riku Klén
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mueez U-Din
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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13
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Balazova L, Balaz M, Horvath C, Horváth Á, Moser C, Kovanicova Z, Ghosh A, Ghoshdastider U, Efthymiou V, Kiehlmann E, Sun W, Dong H, Ding L, Amri EZ, Nuutila P, Virtanen KA, Niemi T, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J, Pelczar P, Lamla T, Hamilton B, Neubauer H, Wolfrum C. GPR180 is a component of TGFβ signalling that promotes thermogenic adipocyte function and mediates the metabolic effects of the adipocyte-secreted factor CTHRC1. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7144. [PMID: 34880217 PMCID: PMC8655035 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes is considered as a strategy to improve metabolic control. Here, we identify GPR180 as a receptor regulating brown and beige adipocyte function and whole-body glucose homeostasis, whose expression in humans is associated with improved metabolic control. We demonstrate that GPR180 is not a GPCR but a component of the TGFβ signalling pathway and regulates the activity of the TGFβ receptor complex through SMAD3 phosphorylation. In addition, using genetic and pharmacological tools, we provide evidence that GPR180 is required to manifest Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) action to regulate brown and beige adipocyte activity and glucose homeostasis. In this work, we show that CTHRC1/GPR180 signalling integrates into the TGFβ signalling as an alternative axis to fine-tune and achieve low-grade activation of the pathway to prevent pathophysiological response while contributing to control of glucose and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Balazova
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Carla Horvath
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Áron Horváth
- Biomechanics Laboratory, University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Moser
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Zuzana Kovanicova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Centre Zurich, ETH Zurich/ University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Umesh Ghoshdastider
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Vissarion Efthymiou
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Elke Kiehlmann
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Lianggong Ding
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Université Côte d'Azur, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Inserm, iBV, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tarja Niemi
- Department of Surgery, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pawel Pelczar
- Center for Transgenic Models, University of Basel, 3350, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Lamla
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Bradford Hamilton
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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14
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Ogawa M, Koskensalo K, Laurila S, Holstila M, Lahesmaa M, Virtanen KA, Iida H, Akima H, Nuutila P. Correction to: Brown adipose tissue fat‑fraction is associated with skeletal muscle adiposity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:91-92. [PMID: 34687361 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Ogawa
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan. .,Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan. .,Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kalle Koskensalo
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
| | - Milja Holstila
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Lahesmaa
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hidehiro Iida
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hiroshi Akima
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.,Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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15
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Ogawa M, Koskensalo K, Laurila S, Holstila M, Lahesmaa M, Virtanen KA, Iida H, Akima H, Nuutila P. Brown adipose tissue fat-fraction is associated with skeletal muscle adiposity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:81-90. [PMID: 34564756 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is known to be associated with both muscle and adipose tissue volumes, the association between BAT and muscle composition remains unclear, especially in adults. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the association between BAT parameters (glucose uptake and fat-fraction) and muscle volumes and intramuscular adipose tissue contents among healthy young and middle-aged men. METHODS BAT glucose uptake was determined using positron emission tomography with [18F]-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) during cold exposure in 19 young and middle-aged men (36.3 ± 10.7 years). The fat-fraction of BAT was determined from volumes of interest set in cervical and supraclavicular adipose tissue depots using signal fat-fraction maps via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Muscle volumes and intramuscular adipose tissue contents of m. tibialis anterior and m. multifidus lumborum were measured using MRI. RESULTS The fat-fraction of BAT was significantly associated with intramuscular adipose tissue content in m. tibialis anterior (n = 13, rs = 0.691, P = 0.009). A similar trend was also observed in m. multifidus lumborum (n = 19, rs = 0.454, P = 0.051). However, BAT glucose uptake was not associated with intramuscular adipose tissue contents in both muscles, nor were muscle volumes associated with the BAT glucose uptake and fat-fraction. CONCLUSION The fat-fraction of BAT increases with skeletal muscle adiposity, especially in the lower leg, among healthy young and middle-aged men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Ogawa
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan. .,Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan. .,Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kalle Koskensalo
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
| | - Milja Holstila
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Lahesmaa
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hidehiro Iida
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hiroshi Akima
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.,Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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16
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Giroud M, Tsokanos FF, Caratti G, Kotschi S, Khani S, Jouffe C, Vogl ES, Irmler M, Glantschnig C, Gil-Lozano M, Hass D, Khan AA, Garcia MR, Mattijssen F, Maida A, Tews D, Fischer-Posovszky P, Feuchtinger A, Virtanen KA, Beckers J, Wabitsch M, Uhlenhaut H, Blüher M, Tuckermann J, Scheideler M, Bartelt A, Herzig S. HAND2 is a novel obesity-linked adipogenic transcription factor regulated by glucocorticoid signalling. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1850-1865. [PMID: 34014371 PMCID: PMC8245394 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Adipocytes are critical cornerstones of energy metabolism. While obesity-induced adipocyte dysfunction is associated with insulin resistance and systemic metabolic disturbances, adipogenesis, the formation of new adipocytes and healthy adipose tissue expansion are associated with metabolic benefits. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing adipogenesis is of great clinical potential to efficiently restore metabolic health in obesity. Here we investigate the role of heart and neural crest derivatives-expressed 2 (HAND2) in adipogenesis. METHODS Human white adipose tissue (WAT) was collected from two cross-sectional studies of 318 and 96 individuals. In vitro, for mechanistic experiments we used primary adipocytes from humans and mice as well as human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells. Gene silencing was performed using siRNA or genetic inactivation in primary adipocytes from loxP and or tamoxifen-inducible Cre-ERT2 mouse models with Cre-encoding mRNA or tamoxifen, respectively. Adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism were measured by Oil Red O staining, quantitative PCR (qPCR), microarray, glucose uptake assay, western blot and lipolysis assay. A combinatorial RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and ChIP qPCR approach was used to identify target genes regulated by HAND2. In vivo, we created a conditional adipocyte Hand2 deletion mouse model using Cre under control of the Adipoq promoter (Hand2AdipoqCre) and performed a large panel of metabolic tests. RESULTS We found that HAND2 is an obesity-linked white adipocyte transcription factor regulated by glucocorticoids that was necessary but insufficient for adipocyte differentiation in vitro. In a large cohort of humans, WAT HAND2 expression was correlated to BMI. The HAND2 gene was enriched in white adipocytes compared with brown, induced early in differentiation and responded to dexamethasone (DEX), a typical glucocorticoid receptor (GR, encoded by NR3C1) agonist. Silencing of NR3C1 in hMADS cells or deletion of GR in a transgenic conditional mouse model results in diminished HAND2 expression, establishing that adipocyte HAND2 is regulated by glucocorticoids via GR in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we identified gene clusters indirectly regulated by the GR-HAND2 pathway. Interestingly, silencing of HAND2 impaired adipocyte differentiation in hMADS and primary mouse adipocytes. However, a conditional adipocyte Hand2 deletion mouse model using Cre under control of the Adipoq promoter did not mirror these effects on adipose tissue differentiation, indicating that HAND2 was required at stages prior to Adipoq expression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In summary, our study identifies HAND2 as a novel obesity-linked adipocyte transcription factor, highlighting new mechanisms of GR-dependent adipogenesis in humans and mice. DATA AVAILABILITY Array data have been submitted to the GEO database at NCBI (GSE148699).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Giroud
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Foivos-Filippos Tsokanos
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giorgio Caratti
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Kotschi
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sajjad Khani
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Céline Jouffe
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elena S Vogl
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christina Glantschnig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Gil-Lozano
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Hass
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asrar Ali Khan
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcos Rios Garcia
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frits Mattijssen
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriano Maida
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Tews
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan and ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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18
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Käkelä P, Rantanen T, Paajanen H, Virtanen KA. Fatal complications after an interrupted gastric bypass operation in a patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and massive obesity: a case report. J Surg Case Rep 2021; 2021:rjab247. [PMID: 34178303 PMCID: PMC8221815 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjab247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the latter now being the most common cause of cirrhosis in Western countries. Only a few cases have been described, such as the unexpected death after interrupted obesity surgery in a patient due to inaccurate preoperative imaging assessment. We describe a 53-year-old male patient with multiple comorbidities partly related to his obesity. A laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) was attempted. During anaesthesia, the patient had a cardiac arrhythmia and a short asystole. Intra-operative findings indicated a giant spleen and, unexpectedly, a cirrhotic liver. The LRYGB operation was interrupted. After 19 months, the patient died due to his severe comorbidities. Preoperative imaging missed the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and related NASH. Since a challenging liver failure diagnosis cannot only rely on current imaging, we suggest that a liver biopsy is performed prior to LRYGB if preoperative imaging indicates cirrhotic liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Käkelä
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Rantanen
- Department of Surgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Paajanen
- Department of Surgery, University of Eastern Finland and Mikkeli Central Hospital, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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19
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Laurila S, Sun L, Lahesmaa M, Schnabl K, Laitinen K, Klén R, Li Y, Balaz M, Wolfrum C, Steiger K, Niemi T, Taittonen M, U-Din M, Välikangas T, Elo LL, Eskola O, Kirjavainen AK, Nummenmaa L, Virtanen KA, Klingenspor M, Nuutila P. Secretin activates brown fat and induces satiation. Nat Metab 2021; 3:798-809. [PMID: 34158656 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is activated by feeding. Recently, we revealed a secretin-mediated gut-BAT-brain axis, which stimulates satiation in mice, but the purpose of meal-induced BAT activation in humans has been unclear. In this placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study, we investigated the effects of intravenous secretin on BAT metabolism (measured with [18F]FDG and [15O]H2O positron emission tomography) and appetite (measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging) in healthy, normal weight men (GUTBAT trial no. NCT03290846). Participants were blinded to the intervention. Secretin increased BAT glucose uptake (primary endpoint) compared to placebo by 57% (median (interquartile range, IQR), 0.82 (0.77) versus 0.59 (0.53) μmol per 100 g per min, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.09, 0.89), P = 0.002, effect size r = 0.570), while BAT perfusion remained unchanged (mean (s.d.) 4.73 (1.82) versus 6.14 (3.05) ml per 100 g per min, 95%CI (-2.91, 0.07), P = 0.063, effect size d = -0.549) (n = 15). Whole body energy expenditure increased by 2% (P = 0.011) (n = 15). Secretin attenuated blood-oxygen level-dependent activity (primary endpoint) in brain reward circuits during food cue tasks (significance level false discovery rate corrected at P = 0.05) (n = 14). Caloric intake did not significantly change, but motivation to refeed after a meal was delayed by 39 min (P = 0.039) (n = 14). No adverse effects were detected. Here we show in humans that secretin activates BAT, reduces central responses to appetizing food and delays the motivation to refeed after a meal. This suggests that meal-induced, secretin-mediated BAT activation is relevant in the control of food intake in humans. As obesity is increasing worldwide, this appetite regulating axis offers new possibilities for clinical research in treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
| | - Lihua Sun
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Lahesmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jorvi Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katharina Schnabl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riku Klén
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Yongguo Li
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institue of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tarja Niemi
- Department of Plastic and General Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Taittonen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mueez U-Din
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Laura L Elo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition - University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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20
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Käkelä P, Rantanen T, Virtanen KA. The Importance of Intestinal Length in Triglyceride Metabolism and in Predicting the Outcomes of Comorbidities in Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass-a Narrative Review. Obes Surg 2021; 31:3291-3295. [PMID: 33914241 PMCID: PMC8175306 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this narrative review, we will appraise if modification of the length of bypassed small intestine based on measured total small intestinal length could optimize the outcomes of the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). We provide a summary of carefully selected studies to serve as examples and to draw tentative conclusions of the effects of LRYGB on remission of comorbidities. As the heterogeneity of the included studies varied in terms of outcomes, type of study, length of the bypassed small intestine, and the follow-up, a common endpoint could not be defined for this narrative article. To achieve efficient metabolic outcomes, it is important to carefully choose the small intestine length excluded from the food passage suited best to each individual patient. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Käkelä
- Department of Surgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tuomo Rantanen
- Department of Surgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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21
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van der Kolk BW, Muniandy M, Kaminska D, Alvarez M, Ko A, Miao Z, Valsesia A, Langin D, Vaittinen M, Pääkkönen M, Jokinen R, Kaye S, Heinonen S, Virtanen KA, Andersson DP, Männistö V, Saris WH, Astrup A, Rydén M, Blaak EE, Pajukanta P, Pihlajamäki J, Pietiläinen KH. Differential Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue Following Weight Loss Induced by Diet or Bariatric Surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1312-1324. [PMID: 33560372 PMCID: PMC8063261 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mitochondria are essential for cellular energy homeostasis, yet their role in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) during different types of weight-loss interventions remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate how SAT mitochondria change following diet-induced and bariatric surgery-induced weight-loss interventions in 4 independent weight-loss studies. METHODS The DiOGenes study is a European multicenter dietary intervention with an 8-week low caloric diet (LCD; 800 kcal/d; n = 261) and 6-month weight-maintenance (n = 121) period. The Kuopio Obesity Surgery study (KOBS) is a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery study (n = 172) with a 1-year follow-up. We associated weight-loss percentage with global and 2210 mitochondria-related RNA transcripts in linear regression analysis adjusted for age and sex. We repeated these analyses in 2 studies. The Finnish CRYO study has a 6-week LCD (800-1000 kcal/d; n = 19) and a 10.5-month follow-up. The Swedish DEOSH study is a RYGB surgery study with a 2-year (n = 49) and 5-year (n = 37) follow-up. RESULTS Diet-induced weight loss led to a significant transcriptional downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (DiOGenes; ingenuity pathway analysis [IPA] z-scores: -8.7 following LCD, -4.4 following weight maintenance; CRYO: IPA z-score: -5.6, all P < 0.001), while upregulation followed surgery-induced weight loss (KOBS: IPA z-score: 1.8, P < 0.001; in DEOSH: IPA z-scores: 4.0 following 2 years, 0.0 following 5 years). We confirmed an upregulated oxidative phosphorylation at the proteomics level following surgery (IPA z-score: 3.2, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Differentially regulated SAT mitochondria-related gene expressions suggest qualitative alterations between weight-loss interventions, providing insights into the potential molecular mechanistic targets for weight-loss success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta W van der Kolk
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maheswary Muniandy
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dorota Kaminska
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marcus Alvarez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arthur Ko
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zong Miao
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université Paul Sabatier, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Toulouse University Hospitals, France
| | - Maija Vaittinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mirva Pääkkönen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Finland
| | - Riikka Jokinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Kaye
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel P Andersson
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Wim H Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Obesity Center, Abdominal center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Rebelos E, Honka MJ, Ekblad L, Bucci M, Hannukainen JC, Fernandes Silva L, Virtanen KA, Nummenmaa L, Nuutila P. The Obesity Risk SNP (rs17782313) near the MC4R Gene Is Not Associated with Brain Glucose Uptake during Insulin Clamp-A Study in Finns. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061312. [PMID: 33806715 PMCID: PMC8004974 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin system is involved in the control of adiposity through modulation of food intake and energy expenditure. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17782313 near the MC4R gene has been linked to obesity, and a previous study using magnetoencephalography has shown that carriers of the mutant allele have decreased cerebrocortical response to insulin. Thus, in this study, we addressed whether rs17782313 associates with brain glucose uptake (BGU). Here, [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) data from 113 Finnish subjects scanned under insulin clamp conditions who also had the rs17782313 determined were compiled from a single-center cohort. BGU was quantified by the fractional uptake rate. Statistical analysis was performed with statistical parametric mapping. There was no difference in age, BMI, and insulin sensitivity as indexed by the M value between the rs17782313-C allele carriers and non-carriers. Brain glucose uptake during insulin clamp was not different by gene allele, and it correlated with the M value, in both the rs17782313-C allele carriers and non-carriers. The obesity risk SNP rs17782313 near the MC4R gene is not associated with brain glucose uptake during insulin clamp in humans, and this frequent mutation cannot explain the enhanced brain glucose metabolic rates in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.E.); (M.B.); (J.C.H.); (K.A.V.); (L.N.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (P.N.); Tel.: +39-3488454140 (E.R.); +358-2313-1868 (P.N.)
| | | | - Laura Ekblad
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.E.); (M.B.); (J.C.H.); (K.A.V.); (L.N.)
| | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.E.); (M.B.); (J.C.H.); (K.A.V.); (L.N.)
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jarna C. Hannukainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.E.); (M.B.); (J.C.H.); (K.A.V.); (L.N.)
| | - Lilian Fernandes Silva
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Kirsi A. Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.E.); (M.B.); (J.C.H.); (K.A.V.); (L.N.)
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.E.); (M.B.); (J.C.H.); (K.A.V.); (L.N.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (L.E.); (M.B.); (J.C.H.); (K.A.V.); (L.N.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: (E.R.); (P.N.); Tel.: +39-3488454140 (E.R.); +358-2313-1868 (P.N.)
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23
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Lankinen MA, de Mello VD, Meuronen T, Sallinen T, Ågren J, Virtanen KA, Laakso M, Pihlajamäki J, Schwab U. The FADS1 Genotype Modifies Metabolic Responses to the Linoleic Acid and Alpha-linolenic Acid Containing Plant Oils-Genotype Based Randomized Trial FADSDIET2. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001004. [PMID: 33548080 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The article investigates the FADS1 rs174550 genotype interaction with dietary intakes of high linoleic acid (LA) and high alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on the response of fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids (PLs), and of markers of low-grade inflammation and glucose-insulin homeostasis. METHODS AND RESULTS One-hundred thirty homozygotes men for FADS1 rs174550 SNP (TT and CC genotypes) were randomized to an 8-week intervention with either LA- or ALA-enriched diet (13 E% PUFA). The source of LA and ALA are 30-50 mL of sunflower oil (SFO, 62-63% LA) and Camelina sativa oil (CSO, 30- are randomized to an 35% ALA), respectively. In the SFO arm, there is a significant genotype x diet interaction for the proportion of arachidonic acid in plasma phospholipids (p < 0.001), disposition index (DI30 ) (p = 0.039), and for serum high-sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP, p = 0.029) after excluding the participants with hs-CRP concentration of >10 mg L-1 and users of statins or anti-inflammatory therapy. In the CSO arm, there are significant genotype x diet interactions for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but not for the clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The FADS1 genotype modifies the response to high PUFA diets, especially to high-LA diet. These findings suggest that approaches considering FADS variation may be useful in personalized dietary counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vanessa D de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Topi Meuronen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taisa Sallinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki Ågren
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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24
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Rebelos E, Bucci M, Karjalainen T, Oikonen V, Bertoldo A, Hannukainen JC, Virtanen KA, Latva-Rasku A, Hirvonen J, Heinonen I, Parkkola R, Laakso M, Ferrannini E, Iozzo P, Nummenmaa L, Nuutila P. Insulin Resistance Is Associated With Enhanced Brain Glucose Uptake During Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemia: A Large-Scale PET Cohort. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:788-794. [PMID: 33446523 PMCID: PMC7896252 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whereas insulin resistance is expressed as reduced glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, the relationship between insulin resistance and brain glucose metabolism remains controversial. Our aim was to examine the association of insulin resistance and brain glucose uptake (BGU) during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp in a large sample of study participants across a wide range of age and insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) data from 194 participants scanned under clamp conditions were compiled from a single-center cohort. BGU was quantified by the fractional uptake rate. We examined the association of age, sex, M value from the clamp, steady-state insulin and free fatty acid levels, C-reactive protein levels, HbA1c, and presence of type 2 diabetes with BGU using Bayesian hierarchical modeling. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity, indexed by the M value, was associated negatively with BGU in all brain regions, confirming that in insulin-resistant participants BGU was enhanced during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. In addition, the presence of type 2 diabetes was associated with additional increase in BGU. On the contrary, age was negatively related to BGU. Steady-state insulin levels, C-reactive protein and free fatty acid levels, sex, and HbA1c were not associated with BGU. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort of participants of either sex across a wide range of age and insulin sensitivity, insulin sensitivity was the best predictor of BGU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, University of Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland .,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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25
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Raiko JRH, Saari T, Orava J, Savisto N, Parkkola R, Haaparanta-Solin M, Nuutila P, Virtanen KA. Changes in electrocardiogram parameters during acute nonshivering cold exposure and associations with brown adipose tissue activity, plasma catecholamine levels, and brachial blood pressure in healthy adults. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14718. [PMID: 33580902 PMCID: PMC7881801 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sympathetic activity causes changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) during cold exposure and the changes have been studied mostly during hypothermia and less during mild acute nonshivering cold exposure. Cold-induced sympathetic activity also activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increases arterial blood pressure (BP) and plasma catecholamine levels. We examined changes in ECG parameters during acute nonshivering cold exposure and their associations with markers of sympathetic activity during cold exposure: brachial blood pressure (BP), plasma catecholamine levels, and BAT activity measured by positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy subjects (M/F = 13/24, aged 20-55 years) were imaged with [15 O]H2 O (perfusion, N = 37) and [18 F]FTHA to measure plasma nonesterified fatty acid uptake (NEFA uptake, N = 37) during 2-h nonshivering cold exposure. 12-lead ECG (N = 37), plasma catecholamine levels (N = 17), and brachial BP (N = 31) were measured at rest in room temperature (RT) and re-measured after a 2-h nonshivering cold exposure. There were significant differences between RT and cold exposure in P axis (35.6 ± 26.4 vs. 50.8 ± 22.7 degrees, p = 0.005), PR interval (177.7 ± 24.6 ms vs.163.0 ± 28.7 ms, p = 0.001), QRS axis (42.1 ± 31.3 vs. 56.9 ± 24.1, p = 0.003), and QT (411.7 ± 25.5 ms vs. 434.5 ± 39.3 ms, p = 0.001). There was no significant change in HR, QRS duration, QTc, JTc, and T axis during cold exposure. Systolic BP (127.2 ± 15.7 vs. 131.8 ± 17.9 mmHg, p = 0.008), diastolic BP (81.7 ± 12.0 vs. 85.4 ± 13.0 mmHg, p = 0.02), and plasma noradrenaline level increased during cold exposure (1.97 ± 0.61 vs. 5.07 ± 1.32 µmol/L, p = 0.001). Cold-induced changes in ECG parameters did not correlate with changes in BAT activity, brachial BP, plasma catecholamines, or skin temperature. CONCLUSIONS During short-term nonshivering cold exposure, there were increases in P axis, PR interval, QRS axis, and QT compared to RT in healthy adults. Cold-induced changes in ECG parameters did not correlate with BAT activity, brachial BP, or plasma catecholamine levels which were used as markers of cold-induced sympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho R H Raiko
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Saari
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Janne Orava
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Savisto
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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26
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Monfort-Pires M, U-Din M, Nogueira GA, de Almeida-Faria J, Sidarta-Oliveira D, Sant'Ana MR, De Lima-Júnior JC, Cintra DE, de Souza HP, Ferreira SRG, Sapienza MT, Virtanen KA, Velloso LA. Short Dietary Intervention with Olive Oil Increases Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Lean but not Overweight Subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:472-484. [PMID: 33180910 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders. Its activation by cold exposure or adrenergic drugs can increase systemic insulin sensitivity and improve lipid metabolism; however, little is known about the effects of specific dietary components on BAT activity. OBJECTIVES We asked if a short-term (4 weeks) dietary intervention with olive oil could modify BAT activity in lean and overweight/obese volunteers. DESIGN This was a 4-week open clinical trial in which all participants underwent a dietary intervention with extra-virgin olive oil supplementation. As the initial intake of olive oil was controlled all the participants were controls of themselves. RESULTS The intervention resulted in significant increase in blood monounsaturated fatty acid levels, which was accompanied by increased BAT activity in lean but not in overweight/obese volunteers. In the lean group, an increase in leptin was detected after the intervention, and low leptin values at the beginning of the study were predictive of greater BAT activity after intervention. In addition, increase in leptin concentration was associated with increased BAT activity. Three known endogenous mediators of BAT activity, secretin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME) were increased by intervention in lean, whereas only secretin and FGF21 were increased in subjects with excessive weight. CONCLUSION This study provides clinical evidence for the impact of monounsaturated fatty acids on BAT activity and an advance in the understanding of the beneficial health effects of olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Monfort-Pires
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mueez U-Din
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Guilherme A Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Almeida-Faria
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi Sidarta-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcella Ramos Sant'Ana
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José C De Lima-Júnior
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Nutritional Genomics Laboratory, LabGeN, School of Applied Sciences, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra R G Ferreira
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tatit Sapienza
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Medical School of University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Chondronikola M, Bartelt A, Vidal-Puig A, Virtanen KA. Editorial: Brown Adipose Tissue: From Heat Production in Rodents to Metabolic Health in Humans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:739065. [PMID: 34381425 PMCID: PMC8350568 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.739065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chondronikola
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Maria Chondronikola,
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Medical Research Council, Metabolic Diseases Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsi A. Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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28
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Ojala R, Motiani KK, Ivaska KK, Arponen M, Eskelinen JJ, Virtanen KA, Löyttyniemi E, Heiskanen MA, U-Din M, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski KK, Hannukainen JC. Bone Marrow Metabolism Is Impaired in Insulin Resistance and Improves After Exercise Training. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5891759. [PMID: 32785654 PMCID: PMC7526736 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exercise training improves bone mineral density, but little is known about the effects of training on bone marrow (BM) metabolism. BM insulin sensitivity has been suggested to play an important role in bone health and whole-body insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE To study the effects of exercise training on BM metabolism. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS Sedentary healthy (n = 28, 40-55 years, all males) and insulin resistant (IR) subjects (n = 26, 43-55 years, males/females 16/10). INTERVENTION Two weeks of sprint interval training or moderate-intensity continuous training. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We measured femoral, lumbar, and thoracic BM insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) and fasting free fatty acid uptake (FFAU) using positron-emission tomography and bone turnover markers from plasma. RESULTS At baseline, GU was highest in lumbar, followed by thoracic, and lowest in femoral BM (all Ps < 0.0001). FFAU was higher in lumbar and thoracic than femoral BM (both Ps < 0.0001). BM FFAU and femoral BM GU were higher in healthy compared to IR men and in females compared to males (all Ps < 0.05). Training increased femoral BM GU similarly in all groups and decreased lumbar BM FFAU in males (all Ps < 0.05). Osteocalcin and PINP were lower in IR than healthy men and correlated positively with femoral BM GU and glycemic status (all Ps < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS BM metabolism differs regarding anatomical location. Short-term training improves BM GU and FFAU in healthy and IR subjects. Bone turnover rate is decreased in insulin resistance and associates positively with BM metabolism and glycemic control. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01344928.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Ojala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Kaisa K Ivaska
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Milja Arponen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Mueez U-Din
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jarna C Hannukainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Jarna C. Hannukainen, PhD, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku P.O. Box 52, FIN-20521, Finland. E-mail:
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29
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Saari TJ, Raiko J, U-Din M, Niemi T, Taittonen M, Laine J, Savisto N, Haaparanta-Solin M, Nuutila P, Virtanen KA. Basal and cold-induced fatty acid uptake of human brown adipose tissue is impaired in obesity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14373. [PMID: 32873825 PMCID: PMC7463032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) are important substrates for brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism, however, it remains unclear whether there exists a difference in FA metabolism of BAT between lean and obese healthy humans. In this study we evaluated supraclavicular BAT fatty acid uptake (FAU) along with blood perfusion in lean and obese subjects during cold exposure and at room temperature using positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Additionally, tissue samples were taken from supraclavicular region (typical BAT region) from a subset of subjects to evaluate histological presence of BAT. Non-shivering cold stress elevated FAU and perfusion of BAT in lean, but not in obese subjects. Lean subjects had greater FAU in BAT compared to obese subjects during cold exposure and interestingly also at room temperature. The higher BAT FAU was related to younger age and several indicators of superior systemic metabolic health. The subjects who manifested BAT histologically had several folds higher BAT FAU compared to subjects with no such histological manifestation. Together, obese subjects have less active tissue in supraclavicular region both in basal and cold-activated state and the FA metabolism of BAT is blunted in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Saari
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - J Raiko
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - M U-Din
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - T Niemi
- Department of Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - M Taittonen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - J Laine
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - N Savisto
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - M Haaparanta-Solin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - P Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - K A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, PL 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Honkala SM, Motiani P, Kivelä R, Hemanthakumar KA, Tolvanen E, Motiani KK, Eskelinen JJ, Virtanen KA, Kemppainen J, Heiskanen MA, Löyttyniemi E, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski KK, Hannukainen JC. Exercise training improves adipose tissue metabolism and vasculature regardless of baseline glucose tolerance and sex. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000830. [PMID: 32816872 PMCID: PMC7437884 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the effects of a supervised progressive sprint interval training (SIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on adipocyte morphology and adipose tissue metabolism and function; we also tested whether the responses were similar regardless of baseline glucose tolerance and sex. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 26 insulin-resistant (IR) and 28 healthy participants were randomized into 2-week-long SIT (4-6×30 s at maximum effort) and MICT (40-60 min at 60% of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2peak)). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and fasting-free fatty acid uptake in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissues (SATs) were quantified with positron emission tomography. Abdominal SAT biopsies were collected to determine adipocyte morphology, gene expression markers of lipolysis, glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. RESULTS Training increased glucose uptake in VAT (p<0.001) and femoral SAT (p<0.001) and decreased fatty acid uptake in VAT (p=0.01) irrespective of baseline glucose tolerance and sex. In IR participants, training increased adipose tissue vasculature and decreased CD36 and ANGPTL4 gene expression in abdominal SAT. SIT was superior in increasing VO2peak and VAT glucose uptake in the IR group, whereas MICT reduced VAT fatty acid uptake more than SIT. CONCLUSIONS Short-term training improves adipose tissue metabolism both in healthy and IR participants independently of the sex. Adipose tissue angiogenesis and gene expression was only significantly affected in IR participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Erik Tolvanen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Motiani KK, Collado MC, Eskelinen JJ, Virtanen KA, Löyttyniemi E, Salminen S, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski KK, Hannukainen JC. Exercise Training Modulates Gut Microbiota Profile and Improves Endotoxemia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:94-104. [PMID: 31425383 PMCID: PMC7028471 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Introduction Intestinal metabolism and microbiota profiles are impaired in obesity and insulin resistance. Moreover, dysbiotic gut microbiota has been suggested to promote systemic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance through the release of endotoxins particularly lipopolysaccharides. We have previously shown that exercise training improves intestinal metabolism in healthy men. To understand whether changes in intestinal metabolism interact with gut microbiota and its release of inflammatory markers, we studied the effects of sprint interval (SIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on intestinal metabolism and microbiota in subjects with insulin resistance. Methods Twenty-six, sedentary subjects (prediabetic, n = 9; type 2 diabetes, n = 17; age, 49 [SD, 4] yr; body mass index, 30.5 [SD, 3]) were randomized into SIT or MICT. Intestinal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) and fatty acid uptake (FAU) from circulation were measured using positron emission tomography. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and serum inflammatory markers with multiplex assays and enzyme-linked immunoassay kit. Results V˙O2peak improved only after SIT (P = 0.01). Both training modes reduced systematic and intestinal inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, lipopolysaccharide binding protein) (time P < 0.05). Training modified microbiota profile by increasing Bacteroidetes phylum (time P = 0.03) and decreasing Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (time P = 0.04). Moreover, there was a decrease in Clostridium genus (time P = 0.04) and Blautia (time P = 0.051). Only MICT decreased jejunal FAU (P = 0.02). Training had no significant effect on intestinal GU. Colonic GU associated positively with Bacteroidetes and inversely with Firmicutes phylum, ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and Blautia genus. Conclusions Intestinal substrate uptake associates with gut microbiota composition and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Exercise training improves gut microbiota profiles and reduces endotoxemia.
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Gnad T, Navarro G, Lahesmaa M, Reverte-Salisa L, Copperi F, Cordomi A, Naumann J, Hochhäuser A, Haufs-Brusberg S, Wenzel D, Suhr F, Jespersen NZ, Scheele C, Tsvilovskyy V, Brinkmann C, Rittweger J, Dani C, Kranz M, Deuther-Conrad W, Eltzschig HK, Niemi T, Taittonen M, Brust P, Nuutila P, Pardo L, Fleischmann BK, Blüher M, Franco R, Bloch W, Virtanen KA, Pfeifer A. Adenosine/A2B Receptor Signaling Ameliorates the Effects of Aging and Counteracts Obesity. Cell Metab 2020; 32:56-70.e7. [PMID: 32589947 PMCID: PMC7437516 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The combination of aging populations with the obesity pandemic results in an alarming rise in non-communicable diseases. Here, we show that the enigmatic adenosine A2B receptor (A2B) is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle (SKM) as well as brown adipose tissue (BAT) and might be targeted to counteract age-related muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) as well as obesity. Mice with SKM-specific deletion of A2B exhibited sarcopenia, diminished muscle strength, and reduced energy expenditure (EE), whereas pharmacological A2B activation counteracted these processes. Adipose tissue-specific ablation of A2B exacerbated age-related processes and reduced BAT EE, whereas A2B stimulation ameliorated obesity. In humans, A2B expression correlated with EE in SKM, BAT activity, and abundance of thermogenic adipocytes in white fat. Moreover, A2B agonist treatment increased EE from human adipocytes, myocytes, and muscle explants. Mechanistically, A2B forms heterodimers required for adenosine signaling. Overall, adenosine/A2B signaling links muscle and BAT and has both anti-aging and anti-obesity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Gnad
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Minna Lahesmaa
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laia Reverte-Salisa
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesca Copperi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Arnau Cordomi
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Naumann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Aileen Hochhäuser
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Saskia Haufs-Brusberg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany; Department of Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Frank Suhr
- Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Exercise Physiology Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Naja Zenius Jespersen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Brinkmann
- Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joern Rittweger
- Department of Muscle and Bone Metabolism, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Dani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Faculté de Médecine, 06107 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tarja Niemi
- Department of Plastic and General Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Taittonen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Research Site Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Pham TT, Ivaska KK, Hannukainen JC, Virtanen KA, Lidell ME, Enerbäck S, Mäkelä K, Parkkola R, Piirola S, Oikonen V, Nuutila P, Kiviranta R. Human Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue is a Metabolically Active and Insulin-Sensitive Distinct Fat Depot. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5822831. [PMID: 32311037 PMCID: PMC7247553 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bone marrow (BM) in adult long bones is rich in adipose tissue, but the functions of BM adipocytes are largely unknown. We set out to elucidate the metabolic and molecular characteristics of BM adipose tissue (BMAT) in humans. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine if BMAT is an insulin-sensitive tissue, and whether the insulin sensitivity is altered in obesity or type 2 diabetes (T2DM). DESIGN This was a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. SETTING The study was conducted in a clinical research center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Bone marrow adipose tissue glucose uptake (GU) was assessed in 23 morbidly obese subjects (9 with T2DM) and 9 healthy controls with normal body weight. In addition, GU was assessed in another 11 controls during cold exposure. Bone marrow adipose tissue samples for molecular analyses were collected from non-DM patients undergoing knee arthroplasty. INTERVENTION(S) Obese subjects were assessed before and 6 months after bariatric surgery and controls at 1 time point. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE We used positron emission tomography imaging with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose tracer to characterize GU in femoral and vertebral BMAT. Bone marrow adipose tissue molecular profile was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Insulin enhances GU in human BMAT. Femoral BMAT insulin sensitivity was impaired in obese patients with T2DM compared to controls, but it improved after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that BMAT was distinct from brown and white adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS Bone marrow adipose tissue is a metabolically active, insulin-sensitive and molecularly distinct fat depot that may play a role in whole body energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam T Pham
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa K Ivaska
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Martin E Lidell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Keijo Mäkelä
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sauli Piirola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Riku Kiviranta, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland. E-mail:
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Rebelos E, Mari A, Bucci M, Honka M, Hannukainen JC, Virtanen KA, Hirvonen J, Nummenmaa L, Heni M, Iozzo P, Ferrannini E, Nuutila P. Brain substrate metabolism and ß-cell function in humans: A positron emission tomography study. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 3:e00136. [PMID: 32704559 PMCID: PMC7375082 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent clinical studies have shown enhanced brain glucose uptake during clamp and brain fatty acid uptake in insulin-resistant individuals. Preclinical studies suggest that the brain may be involved in the control of insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether brain metabolism assessed as brain glucose and fatty acid uptake is associated with the parameters of β-cell function in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed cross-sectional data of 120 subjects across a wide range of BMI and insulin sensitivity. Brain glucose uptake (BGU) was measured during euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (n = 67) and/or during fasting (n = 45) using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). In another group of subjects (n = 34), brain fatty acid uptake was measured using [18F]-fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (FTHA) PET during fasting. The parameters of β-cell function were derived from OGTT modelling. Statistical analysis was performed with whole-brain voxel-based statistical parametric mapping. RESULTS In non-diabetics, BGU during euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp correlated positively with basal insulin secretion rate (r = 0.51, P = .0008) and total insulin output (r = 0.51, P = .0008), whereas no correlation was found in type 2 diabetics. BGU during clamp correlated positively with potentiation in non-diabetics (r = 0.33, P = .02) and negatively in type 2 diabetics (r = -0.61, P = .02). The associations in non-diabetics were not explained with whole-body insulin sensitivity or BMI. No correlations were found between baseline (fasting) BGU and basal insulin secretion rate, whereas baseline brain fatty acid uptake correlated directly with basal insulin secretion rate (r = 0.39, P = .02) and inversely with potentiation (r = -0.36, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides coherent, though correlative, evidence that, in humans, the brain may be involved in the control of insulin secretion independently of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of NeuroscienceNational Research CouncilPaduaItaly
| | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | | | - Kirsi A. Virtanen
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Clinical NutritionInstitute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionUniversity of Eastern Finland (UEF)KuopioFinland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Department of RadiologyTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Martin Heni
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of EndocrinologyDiabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical ChemistryEberhard Karls University TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz CenterMunich at the University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Institute of Clinical PhysiologyNational Research Council (CNR)PisaItaly
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Institute of Clinical PhysiologyNational Research Council (CNR)PisaItaly
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of EndocrinologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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Klén R, Honka MJ, Hannukainen JC, Huovinen V, Bucci M, Latva-Rasku A, Venäläinen MS, Kalliokoski KK, Virtanen KA, Lautamäki R, Iozzo P, Elo LL, Nuutila P. Predicting Skeletal Muscle and Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity Using NMR-Metabolomic Profiling. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa026. [PMID: 32232183 PMCID: PMC7093091 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormal lipoprotein and amino acid profiles are associated with insulin resistance and may help to identify this condition. The aim of this study was to create models estimating skeletal muscle and whole-body insulin sensitivity using fasting metabolite profiles and common clinical and laboratory measures. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cross-sectional study population included 259 subjects with normal or impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes in whom skeletal muscle and whole-body insulin sensitivity (M-value) were measured during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Muscle glucose uptake (GU) was measured directly using [18F]FDG-PET. Serum metabolites were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We used linear regression to build the models for the muscle GU (Muscle-insulin sensitivity index [ISI]) and M-value (whole-body [WB]-ISI). The models were created and tested using randomly selected training (n = 173) and test groups (n = 86). The models were compared to common fasting indices of insulin sensitivity, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). RESULTS WB-ISI had higher correlation with actual M-value than HOMA-IR or revised QUICKI (ρ = 0.83 vs -0.67 and 0.66; P < 0.05 for both comparisons), whereas the correlation of Muscle-ISI with the actual skeletal muscle GU was not significantly stronger than HOMA-IR's or revised QUICKI's (ρ = 0.67 vs -0.58 and 0.59; both nonsignificant) in the test dataset. CONCLUSION Muscle-ISI and WB-ISI based on NMR-metabolomics and common laboratory measurements from fasting serum samples and basic anthropometrics are promising rapid and inexpensive tools for determining insulin sensitivity in at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Klén
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Ville Huovinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Mikko S Venäläinen
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Lautamäki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Dieckmann S, Maurer S, Fromme T, Colson C, Virtanen KA, Amri EZ, Klingenspor M. Fatty Acid Metabolite Profiling Reveals Oxylipins as Markers of Brown but Not Brite Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:73. [PMID: 32153509 PMCID: PMC7046592 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are important signaling molecules implicated in the control of adipogenesis and energy balance regulation. Some of these metabolites belonging to the group of oxylipins have been associated with non-shivering thermogenesis in mice mediated by brown or brite adipose tissue. We aimed to identify novel molecules with thermogenic potential and to clarify the relevance of these findings in a translational context. Therefore, we characterized and compared the oxylipin profiles of murine and human adipose tissues with different abundance of brown or brite adipocytes. A broad panel of 36 fatty acid metabolites was quantified in brown and white adipose tissues of C57BL/6J mice acclimatized to different ambient temperatures and in biopsies of human supraclavicular brown and white adipose tissue. The oxylipin profile of murine brite adipose tissue was not distinguishable from white adipose tissue, suggesting that adipose tissue browning in vivo is not associated with major changes in the oxylipin metabolism. Human brown and white adipose tissue also exhibited similar metabolite profiles. This is in line with previous studies proposing human brown adipose tissue to resemble the nature of murine brite adipose tissue representing a heterogeneous mixture of brite and white adipocytes. Although the global oxylipin profile served as a marker for the abundance of thermogenic adipocytes in bona fide brown but not white adipose tissue, we identified 5-HETE and 5,6-EET as individual compounds consistently associated with the abundance of brown or brite adipocytes in human BAT and murine brite fat. Further studies need to establish whether these candidates are mere markers or functional effectors of thermogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dieckmann
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maurer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Kirsi A. Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Raiko J, Orava J, Savisto N, Virtanen KA. High Brown Fat Activity Correlates With Cardiovascular Risk Factor Levels Cross-Sectionally and Subclinical Atherosclerosis at 5-Year Follow-Up. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1289-1295. [PMID: 31941384 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity correlates negatively with obesity and insulin resistance, and BAT has been suggested to act as a protective factor against atherogenesis. We aimed to examine subclinical atherosclerosis and risk factor levels in a group of individuals who had 5 years earlier participated in positron-emission tomography studies with measurements of BAT activity. Approach and Results: Study cohort (males/females=5/26, baseline age 41.4±7.9 years; body mass index, 26.8±6.3 kg/m2) underwent positron-emission tomography imaging at baseline with [18F] FDG (glucose uptake) and [15O] H2O (perfusion) to measure BAT activity during cold exposure. At 5-year follow-up, ultrasound was performed to measure carotid intima-media thickness, carotid distensibility (a marker of arterial elasticity), and brachial flow-mediated dilation (an estimate of endothelial function). Fasting plasma lipids and hemoglobin A1c were measured from venous samples at baseline and at follow-up. Median values were used as cut points for high cold-induced BAT activity (BAT glucose uptake >2.40 μmoL/100 g per minute and perfusion >8.4 mL/100 g per minute). Baseline cold-induced BAT glucose uptake and perfusion correlated directly with carotid distensibility and inversely with mean bulbus intima-media thickness and maximum intima-media thickness (P always ≤0.02). Baseline body mass index, plasma triglycerides, and HbA1c correlated negatively with BAT glucose uptake and perfusion in cold (P always ≤0.048). Correlations between cold-induced BAT activity, cardiovascular risk factors, and atherosclerosis were attenuated with corrections for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS Cold-induced BAT activity at baseline seems to correlate with lower levels of conventional cardiovascular risk factors at baseline and with lower carotid intima-media thickness and higher carotid elasticity at 5-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Raiko
- From the Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.R., J.O., K.A.V.)
| | - Janne Orava
- From the Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.R., J.O., K.A.V.)
| | - Nina Savisto
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland (N.S.)
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- From the Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.R., J.O., K.A.V.)
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Motiani P, Teuho J, Saari T, Virtanen KA, Honkala SM, Middelbeek RJ, Goodyear LJ, Eskola O, Andersson J, Löyttyniemi E, Hannukainen JC, Nuutila P. Exercise training alters lipoprotein particles independent of brown adipose tissue metabolic activity. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:258-272. [PMID: 31275600 PMCID: PMC6587322 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction New strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance in humans are needed. Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) can stimulate energy expenditure and may be a potential therapeutic target for obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, whether exercise training is an efficient stimulus to activate and recruit BAT remains to be explored. This study aimed to evaluate whether regular exercise training affects cold‐stimulated BAT metabolism and, if so, whether this was associated with changes in plasma metabolites. Methods Healthy sedentary men (n = 11; aged 31 [SD 7] years; body mass index 23 [0.9] kg m−2; VO2 max 39 [7.6] mL min−1 kg−1) participated in a 6‐week exercise training intervention. Fasting BAT and neck muscle glucose uptake (GU) were measured using quantitative [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging three times: (1) before training at room temperature and (2) before and (3) after the training period during cold stimulation. Cervico‐thoracic BAT mass was measured using MRI signal fat fraction maps. Plasma metabolites were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results Cold exposure increased supraclavicular BAT GU by threefold (p < 0.001), energy expenditure by 59% (p < 0.001) and plasma fatty acids (p < 0.01). Exercise training had no effect on cold‐induced GU in BAT or neck muscles. Training increased aerobic capacity (p = 0.01) and decreased visceral fat (p = 0.02) and cervico‐thoracic BAT mass (p = 0.003). Additionally, training decreased very low‐density lipoprotein particle size (p = 0.04), triglycerides within chylomicrons (p = 0.04) and small high‐density lipoprotein (p = 0.04). Conclusions Although exercise training plays an important role for metabolic health, its beneficial effects on whole body metabolism through physiological adaptations seem to be independent of BAT activation in young, sedentary men.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Motiani
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - J Teuho
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland.,Department of Medical Physics Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - T Saari
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - K A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland (UEF) Kuopio Finland
| | - S M Honkala
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - R J Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA.,Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA USA
| | - L J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - O Eskola
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - J Andersson
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - E Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics University of Turku Turku Finland
| | | | - P Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre University of Turku Turku Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku PET Centre Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
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39
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Motiani KK, Savolainen AM, Toivanen J, Eskelinen JJ, Yli-Karjanmaa M, Virtanen KA, Saunavaara V, Heiskanen MA, Parkkola R, Haaparanta-Solin M, Solin O, Savisto N, Löyttyniemi E, Knuuti J, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski KK, Hannukainen JC. Effects of short-term sprint interval and moderate-intensity continuous training on liver fat content, lipoprotein profile, and substrate uptake: a randomized trial. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1756-1768. [PMID: 30998125 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00900.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and increased liver fat content (LFC) alter lipoprotein profile and composition and impair liver substrate uptake. Exercise training mitigates T2D and reduces LFC, but the benefits of different training intensities in terms of lipoprotein classes and liver substrate uptake are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or sprint interval training (SIT) on LFC, liver substrate uptake, and lipoprotein profile in subjects with normoglycemia or prediabetes/T2D. We randomized 54 subjects (normoglycemic group, n = 28; group with prediabetes/T2D, n = 26; age = 40-55 yr) to perform either MICT or SIT for 2 wk and measured LFC with magnetic resonance spectroscopy, lipoprotein composition with NMR, and liver glucose uptake (GU) and fatty acid uptake (FAU) using PET. At baseline, the group with prediabetes/T2D had higher LFC, impaired lipoprotein profile, and lower whole body insulin sensitivity and aerobic capacity compared with the normoglycemic group. Both training modes improved aerobic capacity (P < 0.001) and lipoprotein profile (reduced LDL and increased large HDL subclasses; all P < 0.05) with no training regimen (SIT vs. MICT) or group effect (normoglycemia vs. prediabetes/T2D). LFC tended to be reduced in the group with prediabetes/T2D compared with the normoglycemic group posttraining (P = 0.051). When subjects were divided according to LFC (high LFC, >5.6%; low LFC, <5.6%), training reduced LFC in subjects with high LFC (P = 0.009), and only MICT increased insulin-stimulated liver GU (P = 0.03). Short-term SIT and MICT are effective in reducing LFC in subjects with fatty liver and in improving lipoprotein profile regardless of baseline glucose tolerance. Short-term MICT is more efficient in improving liver insulin sensitivity compared with SIT. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the short term, both sprint interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) reduce liver fat content and improve lipoprotein profile; however, MICT seems to be preferable in improving liver insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Virva Saunavaara
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku , Turku , Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
| | | | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
| | - Merja Haaparanta-Solin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku , Turku , Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory Turku, University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Olof Solin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku , Turku , Finland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Turku , Turku , Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University , Turku , Finland
| | - Nina Savisto
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | | | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku , Turku , Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
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40
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Sjöros T, Saunavaara V, Löyttyniemi E, Koivumäki M, Heinonen IHA, Eskelinen J, Virtanen KA, Hannukainen JC, Kalliokoski KK. Intramyocellular lipid accumulation after sprint interval and moderate-intensity continuous training in healthy and diabetic subjects. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13980. [PMID: 30740933 PMCID: PMC6369060 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of sprint interval training (SIT) on intramyocellular (IMCL) and extramyocellular (EMCL) lipid accumulation are unclear. We tested the effects of SIT and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on IMCL and EMCL accumulation in a randomized controlled setting in two different study populations; healthy untrained men (n 28) and subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or prediabetes (n 26). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H MRS) was used to determine IMCL and EMCL in the Tibialis anterior muscle (TA) before and after a 2-week exercise period. The exercise period comprised six sessions of SIT or MICT cycling on a cycle ergometer. IMCL increased after SIT compared to MICT (P = 0.042) in both healthy and T2D/prediabetic subjects. On EMCL the training intervention had no significant effect. In conclusion, IMCL serves as an important energy depot during exercise and can be extended by high intensity exercise. The effects of high intensity interval exercise on IMCL seem to be similar regardless of insulin sensitivity or the presence of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virva Saunavaara
- Turku PET CentreTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
- Department of Medical PhysicsDivision of Medical ImagingTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | | | | | | | | | - Kirsi A. Virtanen
- Turku PET CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Turku PET CentreTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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41
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Heiskanen MA, Motiani KK, Mari A, Eskelinen JJ, Virtanen KA, Löyttyniemi E, Kalliokoski KK, Hannukainen JC. Comment on 'Exercise training decreases pancreatic fat content and improves beta cell function regardless of baseline glucose tolerance: a randomised controlled trial'. Reply to Amini P and Moharamzadeh S [letter]. Diabetologia 2019; 62:204-206. [PMID: 30406809 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marja A Heiskanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Kumail K Motiani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Kari K Kalliokoski
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarna C Hannukainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland.
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42
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Li Y, Schnabl K, Gabler SM, Willershäuser M, Reber J, Karlas A, Laurila S, Lahesmaa M, u Din M, Bast-Habersbrunner A, Virtanen KA, Fromme T, Bolze F, O’Farrell LS, Alsina-Fernandez J, Coskun T, Ntziachristos V, Nuutila P, Klingenspor M. Secretin-Activated Brown Fat Mediates Prandial Thermogenesis to Induce Satiation. Cell 2018; 175:1561-1574.e12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ferrannini E, Iozzo P, Virtanen KA, Honka MJ, Bucci M, Nuutila P. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle insulin-mediated glucose uptake in insulin resistance: role of blood flow and diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:749-758. [PMID: 30239554 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue glucose uptake is impaired in insulin-resistant states, but ex vivo studies of human adipose tissue have yielded heterogeneous results. This discrepancy may be due to different regulation of blood supply. Objective The aim of this study was to test the flow dependency of in vivo insulin-mediated glucose uptake in fat tissues, and to contrast it with that of skeletal muscle. Design We reanalyzed data from 159 individuals in which adipose tissue depots-subcutaneous abdominal and femoral, and intraperitoneal-and femoral skeletal muscle were identified by MRI, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake ([18F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose) and blood flow ([15O]-H2O) were measured simultaneously by positron emission tomography scanning. Results Individuals in the bottom tertile of whole-body glucose uptake [median (IQR) 36 (17) µmol. kg fat-free mass (kgFFM)-1 . min-1 .nM-1] displayed all features of insulin resistance compared with the rest of the group [median (IQR) 97 (71) µmol . kgFFM-1 .min-1 . nM-1]. Rates of glucose uptake were directly related to the degree of insulin resistance in all fat depots as well as in skeletal muscle. However, blood flow was inversely related to insulin sensitivity in each fat depot (all P ≤ 0.03), whereas femoral muscle blood flow was not significantly different between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive subjects, and was not related to insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, in subjects performing one-leg exercise, blood flow increased 5- to 6-fold in femoral muscle but not in the overlying adipose tissue. The presence of diabetes was associated with a modest increase in fat and muscle glucose uptake independent of insulin resistance. Conclusions Reduced blood supply is an important factor for the impairment of in vivo insulin-mediated glucose uptake in both subcutaneous and visceral fat. In contrast, the insulin resistance of glucose uptake in resting skeletal muscle is predominantly a cellular defect. Diabetes provides a modest compensatory increase in fat and muscle glucose uptake that is independent of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ele Ferrannini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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44
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Honkala SM, Johansson J, Motiani KK, Eskelinen JJ, Virtanen KA, Löyttyniemi E, Knuuti J, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski KK, Hannukainen JC. Short-term interval training alters brain glucose metabolism in subjects with insulin resistance. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:1828-1838. [PMID: 28959911 PMCID: PMC6168908 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17734998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) is increased in obese and insulin resistant subjects but normalizes after weight loss along with improved whole-body insulin sensitivity. Our aim was to study whether short-term exercise training (moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) or sprint interval training (SIT)) alters substrates for brain energy metabolism in insulin resistance. Sedentary subjects ( n = 21, BMI 23.7-34.3 kg/m2, age 43-55 y) with insulin resistance were randomized into MICT ( n = 11, intensity≥60% of VO2peak) or SIT ( n = 10, all-out) groups for a two-week training intervention. Brain GU during insulin stimulation and fasting brain free fatty acid uptake (FAU) was measured using PET. At baseline, brain GU was positively associated with the fasting insulin level and negatively with the whole-body insulin sensitivity. The whole-body insulin sensitivity improved with both training modes (20%, p = 0.007), while only SIT led to an increase in aerobic capacity (5%, p = 0.03). SIT also reduced insulin-stimulated brain GU both in global cortical grey matter uptake (12%, p = 0.03) and in specific regions ( p < 0.05, all areas except the occipital cortex), whereas no changes were observed after MICT. Brain FAU remained unchanged after the training in both groups. These findings show that short-term SIT effectively decreases insulin-stimulated brain GU in sedentary subjects with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juhani Knuuti
- 3 Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,4 Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- 1 Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,4 Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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45
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Virtanen KA. Activation of Human Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT): Focus on Nutrition and Eating. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 251:349-357. [PMID: 30141098 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue activation occurs most effectively by cold exposure. In the modern world, we do not spend long periods in cold environment, and eating and meals may be other activators of brown fat function. Short-term regulation of brown fat functional activity by eating involves most importantly insulin. Insulin is capable to increase glucose uptake in human brown adipose tissue fivefold to fasting conditions. Oxidative metabolism in brown fat is doubled both by cold and by a meal. Human brown adipose tissue is an insulin-sensitive tissue type, and insulin resistance impairs the function, as is found in obesity. Body weight reduction improves cold-induced activation of human brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland.
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46
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Lahesmaa M, Oikonen V, Helin S, Luoto P, U Din M, Pfeifer A, Nuutila P, Virtanen KA. Regulation of human brown adipose tissue by adenosine and A 2A receptors - studies with [ 15O]H 2O and [ 11C]TMSX PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 46:743-750. [PMID: 30105585 PMCID: PMC6351510 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a potential target to combat obesity and diabetes, but novel strategies to activate BAT are needed. Adenosine and A2A receptor (A2AR) agonism activate BAT in rodents, and endogenous adenosine is released locally in BAT as a by-product of noradrenaline, but physiological data from humans is lacking. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of exogenous adenosine on human BAT perfusion, and to determine the density of A2ARs in human BAT in vivo for the first time, using PET/CT imaging. METHODS Healthy, lean men (n = 10) participated in PET/CT imaging with two radioligands. Perfusion of BAT, white adipose tissue (WAT) and muscle was quantified with [15O]H2O at baseline, during cold exposure and during intravenous administration of adenosine. A2AR density of the tissues was quantified with [11C]TMSX at baseline and during cold exposure. RESULTS Adenosine increased the perfusion of BAT even more than cold exposure (baseline 8.3 ± 4.5, cold 19.6 ± 9.3, adenosine 28.6 ± 7.9 ml/100 g/min, p < 0.01). Distribution volume of [11C]TMSX in BAT was significantly lower during cold exposure compared to baseline. In cold, low [11C]TMSX binding coincided with high concentrations of noradrenaline. CONCLUSIONS Adenosine administration caused a maximal perfusion effect in human supraclavicular BAT, indicating increased oxidative metabolism. Cold exposure increased noradrenaline concentrations and decreased the density of A2AR available for radioligand binding in BAT, suggesting augmented release of endogenous adenosine. Our results show that adenosine and A2AR are relevant for activation of human BAT, and A2AR provides a future target for enhancing BAT metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Lahesmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Pauliina Luoto
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Mueez U Din
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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47
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U Din M, Saari T, Raiko J, Kudomi N, Maurer SF, Lahesmaa M, Fromme T, Amri EZ, Klingenspor M, Solin O, Nuutila P, Virtanen KA. Postprandial Oxidative Metabolism of Human Brown Fat Indicates Thermogenesis. Cell Metab 2018; 28:207-216.e3. [PMID: 29909972 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human studies suggest that a meal elevates glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, in postprandial state the thermogenic activity and the metabolism of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in BAT remain unclear. Using indirect calorimetry combined with positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT), we showed that whole-body and BAT thermogenesis (oxygen consumption) increases after the ingestion of a mixed carbohydrate-rich meal, to the same extent as in cold stress. Postprandial NEFA uptake into BAT is minimal, possibly due to elevated plasma insulin inhibiting lipolysis. However, the variation in postprandial NEFA uptake is linked to BAT thermogenesis. We identified several genes participating in lipid metabolism to be expressed at higher levels in BAT compared with white fat in postprandial state, and to be positively correlated with BAT UCP1 expression. These findings suggest that substrates preferred by BAT in postprandial state are glucose or LPL-released NEFAs due to insulin stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mueez U Din
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Saari
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Raiko
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Nobu Kudomi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Stefanie F Maurer
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Minna Lahesmaa
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Olof Solin
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland.
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48
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Carpentier AC, Blondin DP, Virtanen KA, Richard D, Haman F, Turcotte ÉE. Brown Adipose Tissue Energy Metabolism in Humans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:447. [PMID: 30131768 PMCID: PMC6090055 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The demonstration of metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans primarily using positron emission tomography coupled to computed tomography (PET/CT) with the glucose tracer 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) has renewed the interest of the scientific and medical community in the possible role of BAT as a target for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we offer a comprehensive review of BAT energy metabolism in humans. Considerable advances in methods to measure BAT energy metabolism, including nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), chylomicron-triglycerides (TG), oxygen, Krebs cycle rate, and intracellular TG have led to very good quantification of energy substrate metabolism per volume of active BAT in vivo. These studies have also shown that intracellular TG are likely the primary energy source of BAT upon activation by cold. Current estimates of BAT's contribution to energy expenditure range at the lower end of what would be potentially clinically relevant if chronically sustained. Yet, 18FDG PET/CT remains the gold-standard defining method to quantify total BAT volume of activity, used to calculate BAT's total energy expenditure. Unfortunately, BAT glucose metabolism better reflects BAT's insulin sensitivity and blood flow. It is now clear that most glucose taken up by BAT does not fuel mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and that BAT glucose uptake can therefore be disconnected from thermogenesis. Furthermore, BAT thermogenesis is efficiently recruited upon repeated cold exposure, doubling to tripling its total oxidative capacity, with reciprocal reduction of muscle thermogenesis. Recent data suggest that total BAT volume may be much larger than the typically observed 50-150 ml with 18FDG PET/CT. Therefore, the current estimates of total BAT thermogenesis, largely relying on total BAT volume using 18FDG PET/CT, may underestimate the true contribution of BAT to total energy expenditure. Quantification of the contribution of BAT to energy expenditure begs for the development of more integrated whole body in vivo methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C. Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Kirsi A. Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - François Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Éric E. Turcotte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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49
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Heiskanen MA, Motiani KK, Mari A, Saunavaara V, Eskelinen JJ, Virtanen KA, Koivumäki M, Löyttyniemi E, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski KK, Hannukainen JC. Exercise training decreases pancreatic fat content and improves beta cell function regardless of baseline glucose tolerance: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1817-1828. [PMID: 29717337 PMCID: PMC6061150 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pancreatic fat accumulation may contribute to the development of beta cell dysfunction. Exercise training improves whole-body insulin sensitivity, but its effects on pancreatic fat content and beta cell dysfunction are unclear. The aim of this parallel-group randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of exercise training on pancreatic fat and beta cell function in healthy and prediabetic or type 2 diabetic participants and to test whether the responses were similar regardless of baseline glucose tolerance. METHODS Using newspaper announcements, a total of 97 sedentary 40-55-year-old individuals were assessed for eligibility. Prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) and type 2 diabetes were defined by ADA criteria. Of the screened candidates, 28 healthy men and 26 prediabetic or type 2 diabetic men and women met the inclusion criteria and were randomised into 2-week-long sprint interval or moderate-intensity continuous training programmes in a 1:1 allocation ratio using random permuted blocks. The primary outcome was pancreatic fat, which was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. As secondary outcomes, beta cell function was studied using variables derived from OGTT, and whole-body insulin sensitivity and pancreatic fatty acid and glucose uptake were measured using positron emission tomography. The measurements were carried out at the Turku PET Centre, Finland. The analyses were based on an intention-to-treat principle. Given the nature of the intervention, blinding was not applicable. RESULTS At baseline, the group of prediabetic or type 2 diabetic men had a higher pancreatic fat content and impaired beta cell function compared with the healthy men, while glucose and fatty acid uptake into the pancreas was similar. Exercise training decreased pancreatic fat similarly in healthy (from 4.4% [3.0%, 6.1%] to 3.6% [2.4%, 5.2%] [mean, 95% CI]) and prediabetic or type 2 diabetic men (from 8.7% [6.0%, 11.9%] to 6.7% [4.4%, 9.6%]; p = 0.036 for time effect) without any changes in pancreatic substrate uptake (p ≥ 0.31 for time effect in both insulin-stimulated glucose and fasting state fatty acid uptake). In prediabetic or type 2 diabetic men and women, both exercise modes similarly improved variables describing beta cell function. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Two weeks of exercise training improves beta cell function in prediabetic or type 2 diabetic individuals and decreases pancreatic fat regardless of baseline glucose tolerance. This study shows that short-term training efficiently reduces ectopic fat within the pancreas, and exercise training may therefore reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01344928 FUNDING: This study was funded by the Emil Aaltonen Foundation, the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, the Finnish Diabetes Foundation, the Orion Research Foundation, the Academy of Finland (grants 251399, 256470, 281440, and 283319), the Ministry of Education of the State of Finland, the Paavo Nurmi Foundation, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, the Finnish Cultural Foundation, the Hospital District of Southwest Finland, the Turku University Foundation, and the Finnish Medical Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja A Heiskanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Kumail K Motiani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Virva Saunavaara
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Mikko Koivumäki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari K Kalliokoski
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarna C Hannukainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, P.O. Box 52, FIN-20521, Turku, Finland.
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50
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Lahesmaa M, Eriksson O, Gnad T, Oikonen V, Bucci M, Hirvonen J, Koskensalo K, Teuho J, Niemi T, Taittonen M, Lahdenpohja S, U Din M, Haaparanta-Solin M, Pfeifer A, Virtanen KA, Nuutila P. Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptors Are Upregulated During Acute Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue. Diabetes 2018; 67:1226-1236. [PMID: 29650773 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) could provide a potential approach for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disease in humans. Obesity is associated with upregulation of the endocannabinoid system, and blocking the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) has been shown to cause weight loss and to decrease cardiometabolic risk factors. These effects may be mediated partly via increased BAT metabolism, since there is evidence that CB1R antagonism activates BAT in rodents. To investigate the significance of CB1R in BAT function, we quantified the density of CB1R in human and rodent BAT using the positron emission tomography radioligand [18F]FMPEP-d2 and measured BAT activation in parallel with the glucose analog [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. Activation by cold exposure markedly increased CB1R density and glucose uptake in the BAT of lean men. Similarly, β3-receptor agonism increased CB1R density in the BAT of rats. In contrast, overweight men with reduced BAT activity exhibited decreased CB1R in BAT, reflecting impaired endocannabinoid regulation. Image-guided biopsies confirmed CB1R mRNA expression in human BAT. Furthermore, CB1R blockade increased glucose uptake and lipolysis of brown adipocytes. Our results highlight that CB1Rs are significant for human BAT activity, and the CB1Rs provide a novel therapeutic target for BAT activation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Lahesmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thorsten Gnad
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalle Koskensalo
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tarja Niemi
- Department of Plastic and General Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Taittonen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Mueez U Din
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Haaparanta-Solin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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