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Ergunay K, Bourke BP, Reinbold-Wasson DD, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Vaydayko N, Kirkitadze G, Chunashvili T, Tucker CL, Linton YM. Novel clades of tick-borne pathogenic nairoviruses in Europe. Infect Genet Evol 2024; 121:105593. [PMID: 38636618 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Members of the Orthonairovirus genus (family Nairoviridae) include many tick-borne viruses of significant human and animal health impact, with several recently-documented pathogenic viruses lacking sufficient epidemiological information. We screened 215 adult ticks of seven species collected in Bulgaria, Georgia, Latvia and Poland for orthonairoviruses, followed by nanopore sequencing (NS) for genome characterization. Initial generic amplification revealed Sulina virus (SULV, Orthonairovirus sulinaense), for which an updated amplification assay was used, revealing an overall prevalence of 2.7% in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Latvia. Three complete and additional partial SULV genomes were generated, that consistently formed a separate, distinct clade with further intragroup divergence in the maximum likelihood analyses. Comparisons with previously described viruses from Romania exhibited similar genome topologies, albeit with divergent motifs and cleavage sites on the glycoprotein precursor. Preliminary evidence of recombination involving the S segment was documented, in addition to variations in predicted viral glycoproteins. Generic screening further identified Tacheng tick virus 1 (TCTV1, Orthonairovirus tachengense), with documented human infections, in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks from Poland, with a prevalence of 0.9%. Subsequent NS and assembly provided the first complete TCTV1 genome outside of China, where it was originally described. Phylogenetic analysis of virus genome segments revealed TCTV1-Poland as a discrete taxon within the TCTV1 cluster in the Orthonairovirus genus, representing a geographically segregated clade. Comparable genome topology with TCTV1 from China was observed, aside from minor variations in the M segment. Similar to SULV, TCTV1 exhibited several mismatches on previously described screening primer binding sites, likely to prevent amplification. These findings indicate presence of novel TCTV1 and SULV clades in Eastern Europe, confirming the expansion of orthonairoviruses with pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Brian P Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA
| | | | - Laura Caicedo-Quiroga
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA
| | - Nataliya Vaydayko
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - Europe - Middle East, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Giorgi Kirkitadze
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - Europe - Middle East, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tamar Chunashvili
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research - Europe - Middle East, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Cynthia L Tucker
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA; One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE & Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA
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Polsomboon Nelson S, Ergunay K, Bourke BP, Reinbold-Wasson DD, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Kirkitadze G, Chunashvili T, Tucker CL, Linton YM. Nanopore-based metagenomics reveal a new Rickettsia in Europe. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102305. [PMID: 38150911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of tick-borne bacteria, including those associated with rickettsioses, pose significant challenges due to the polymicrobial and polyvectoral nature of the infections. We aimed to carry out a comparative evaluation of a non-targeted metagenomic approach by nanopore sequencing (NS) and commonly used PCR assays amplifying Rickettsia genes in field-collected ticks. The study included a total of 310 ticks, originating from Poland (44.2 %) and Bulgaria (55.8 %). Samples comprised 7 species, the majority of which were Ixodes ricinus (62.9 %), followed by Dermacentor reticulatus (21.2 %). Screening was carried out in 55 pools, using total nucleic acid extractions from individual ticks. NS and ompA/gltA PCRs identified Rickettsia species in 47.3 % and 54.5 % of the pools, respectively. The most frequently detected species were Rickettsia asiatica (27.2 %) and Rickettsia raoultii (21.8 %), followed by Rickettsia monacensis (3.6 %), Rickettsia helvetica (1.8 %), Rickettsia massiliae (1.8 %) and Rickettsia tillamookensis (1.8 %). Phylogeny construction on mutS, uvrD, argS and virB4 sequences and a follow-up deep sequencing further supported R. asiatica identification, documented in Europe for the first time. NS further enabled detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum (9.1 %), Coxiella burnetii (5.4 %) and Neoehrlichia mikurensis (1.8 %), as well as various endosymbionts of Rickettsia and Coxiella. Co-detection of multiple rickettsial and non-rickettsial bacteria were observed in 16.4 % of the pools with chromosome and plasmid-based contigs. In conclusion, non-targeted metagenomic sequencing was documented as a robust strategy capable of providing a broader view of the tick-borne bacterial pathogen spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suppaluck Polsomboon Nelson
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA; Smithsonian Institution, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA; Smithsonian Institution, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, USA; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Brian P Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA; Smithsonian Institution, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Laura Caicedo-Quiroga
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA; Smithsonian Institution, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Giorgi Kirkitadze
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate - Georgia (USAMRD-G), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tamar Chunashvili
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate - Georgia (USAMRD-G), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Cynthia L Tucker
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA; Smithsonian Institution, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, USA
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Ergunay K, Bourke BP, Achee N, Jiang L, Grieco J, Linton YM. Vector-borne pathogen surveillance in a metagenomic world. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011943. [PMID: 38386620 PMCID: PMC10883548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, Maryland, United States of America
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Brian P. Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, Maryland, United States of America
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Nicole Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Le Jiang
- Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, Maryland, United States of America
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States of America
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Ergunay K, Bourke BP, Reinbold-Wasson DD, Nikolich MP, Nelson SP, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Vaydayko N, Kirkitadze G, Chunashvili T, Long LS, Blackburn JK, Cleary NG, Tucker CL, Linton YM. The expanding range of emerging tick-borne viruses in Eastern Europe and the Black Sea Region. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19824. [PMID: 37963929 PMCID: PMC10646066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We analysed both pooled and individual tick samples collected from four countries in Eastern Europe and the Black Sea region, using metagenome-based nanopore sequencing (NS) and targeted amplification. Initially, 1337 ticks, belonging to 11 species, were screened in 217 pools. Viruses (21 taxa) and human pathogens were detected in 46.5% and 7.3%, respectively. Tick-borne viral pathogens comprised Tacheng Tick Virus 2 (TTV2, 5.9%), Jingmen Tick Virus (JMTV, 0.9%) and Tacheng Tick Virus 1 (TTV1, 0.4%). An association of tick species with individual virus taxa was observed, with the exception of TTV2, which was observed in both Dermacentor and Haemaphysalis species. Individual ticks from pools with pathogen detection were then further screened by targeted amplification and then NS, which provided extensive genome data and revealed probable pathogen Haseki Tick Virus (HTV, 10.2%). Two distinct TTV2 clades were observed in phylogenetic analysis, one of which included closely related Dermacentor reticulatus Uukuviruses. JMTV detection indicated integrated virus sequences. Overall, we observed an expansion of newly documented pathogenic tick-borne viruses into Europe, with TTV1 being identified on the continent for the first time. These viruses should be included in the diagnostic assessment of symptomatic cases associated with tick bites and vector surveillance efforts. NS is shown as a useful tool for monitoring tick-associated pathogens in pooled or individual samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746-2863, USA.
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE and Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Brian P Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746-2863, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE and Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
| | | | - Mikeljon P Nikolich
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Suppaluck P Nelson
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746-2863, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE and Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
| | - Laura Caicedo-Quiroga
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746-2863, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE and Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
| | - Nataliya Vaydayko
- Ukrainian Center of Diseases Control and Monitoring, Kyiv, 04071, Ukraine
| | - Giorgi Kirkitadze
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Georgia (USAMRD-G), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tamar Chunashvili
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Georgia (USAMRD-G), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Lewis S Long
- Uniformed Services, University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jason K Blackburn
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Nora G Cleary
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Cynthia L Tucker
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746-2863, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Museum Support Center MRC-534, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, 20746-2863, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History, 10th St NE and Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
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Ergunay K, Dincer E, Justi SA, Bourke BP, Nelson SP, Liao HM, Timurkan MO, Oguz B, Sahindokuyucu I, Gokcecik OF, Reinbold-Wasson DD, Jiang L, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Linton YM. Impact of nanopore-based metagenome sequencing on tick-borne virus detection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1177651. [PMID: 37323891 PMCID: PMC10267750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We evaluated metagenomic nanopore sequencing (NS) in field-collected ticks and compared findings from amplification-based assays. Methods Forty tick pools collected in Anatolia, Turkey and screened by broad-range or nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) and Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) were subjected to NS using a standard, cDNA-based metagenome approach. Results Eleven viruses from seven genera/species were identified. Miviruses Bole tick virus 3 and Xinjiang mivirus 1 were detected in 82.5 and 2.5% of the pools, respectively. Tick phleboviruses were present in 60% of the pools, with four distinct viral variants. JMTV was identified in 60% of the pools, where only 22.5% were PCR-positive. CCHFV sequences characterized as Aigai virus were detected in 50%, where only 15% were detected by PCR. NS produced a statistically significant increase in detection of these viruses. No correlation of total virus, specific virus, or targeted segment read counts was observed between PCR-positive and PCR-negative samples. NS further enabled the initial description of Quaranjavirus sequences in ticks, where human and avian pathogenicity of particular isolates had been previously documented. Discussion NS was observed to surpass broad-range and nested amplification in detection and to generate sufficient genome-wide data for investigating virus diversity. It can be employed for monitoring pathogens in tick vectors or human/animal clinical samples in hot-spot regions for examining zoonotic spillover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ender Dincer
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Silvia A. Justi
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brian P. Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Suppaluck P. Nelson
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Hsiao-Mei Liao
- Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mehmet Ozkan Timurkan
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Bekir Oguz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Sahindokuyucu
- Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Veterinary Control Institute Directorates, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Omer Faruk Gokcecik
- Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Veterinary Control Institute Directorates, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Izmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Le Jiang
- Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicole L. Achee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - John P. Grieco
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
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Kamau J, Ergunay K, Webala PW, Justi SA, Bourke BP, Kamau MW, Hassell J, Chege MN, Mwaura DK, Simiyu C, Kibiwot S, Onyuok S, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Li T, Zimmerman DM, Linton YM. A Novel Coronavirus and a Broad Range of Viruses in Kenyan Cave Bats. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122820. [PMID: 36560824 PMCID: PMC9785147 DOI: 10.3390/v14122820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS To investigate virus diversity in hot zones of probable pathogen spillover, 54 oral-fecal swabs were processed from five bat species collected from three cave systems in Kenya, using metagenome sequencing. RESULTS Viruses belonging to the Astroviridae, Circoviridae, Coronaviridae, Dicistroviridae, Herpesviridae and Retroviridae were detected, with unclassified viruses. Retroviral sequences were prevalent; 74.1% of all samples were positive, with distinct correlations between virus, site and host bat species. Detected retroviruses comprised Myotis myotis, Myotis ricketti, Myotis daubentonii and Galidia endogenous retroviruses, murine leukemia virus-related virus and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum retrovirus (RFRV). A near-complete genome of a local RFRV strain with identical genome organization and 2.8% nucleotide divergence from the prototype isolate was characterized. Bat coronavirus sequences were detected with a prevalence of 24.1%, where analyses on the ORF1ab region revealed a novel alphacoronavirus lineage. Astrovirus sequences were detected in 25.9%of all samples, with considerable diversity. In 9.2% of the samples, other viruses including Actinidia yellowing virus 2, bat betaherpesvirus, Bole tick virus 4, Cyclovirus and Rhopalosiphum padi virus were identified. CONCLUSIONS Further monitoring of bats across Kenya is essential to facilitate early recognition of possibly emergent zoonotic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kamau
- One Health Centre, Institute of Primate Research (IPR), Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Paul W. Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok 20500, Kenya
| | - Silvia A. Justi
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Brian P. Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Maureen W. Kamau
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya
- Global Health Program, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI), Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - James Hassell
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Mary N. Chege
- One Health Centre, Institute of Primate Research (IPR), Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - David K. Mwaura
- One Health Centre, Institute of Primate Research (IPR), Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Cynthia Simiyu
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok 20500, Kenya
| | - Sospeter Kibiwot
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok 20500, Kenya
| | - Samson Onyuok
- Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Laura Caicedo-Quiroga
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Dawn M. Zimmerman
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD 20746, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC 20560, USA
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Ergunay K, Mutinda M, Bourke B, Justi SA, Caicedo-Quiroga L, Kamau J, Mutura S, Akunda IK, Cook E, Gakuya F, Omondi P, Murray S, Zimmerman D, Linton YM. Metagenomic Investigation of Ticks From Kenyan Wildlife Reveals Diverse Microbial Pathogens and New Country Pathogen Records. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:932224. [PMID: 35847110 PMCID: PMC9283121 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.932224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Focusing on the utility of ticks as xenosurveillance sentinels to expose circulating pathogens in Kenyan drylands, host-feeding ticks collected from wild ungulates [buffaloes, elephants, giraffes, hartebeest, impala, rhinoceros (black and white), zebras (Grévy’s and plains)], carnivores (leopards, lions, spotted hyenas, wild dogs), as well as regular domestic and Boran cattle were screened for pathogens using metagenomics. A total of 75 host-feeding ticks [Rhipicephalus (97.3%) and Amblyomma (2.7%)] collected from 15 vertebrate taxa were sequenced in 46 pools. Fifty-six pathogenic bacterial species were detected in 35 pools analyzed for pathogens and relative abundances of major phyla. The most frequently observed species was Escherichia coli (62.8%), followed by Proteus mirabilis (48.5%) and Coxiella burnetii (45.7%). Francisella tularemia and Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) were detected in 14.2 and 13% of the pools, respectively, in ticks collected from wild animals and cattle. This is one of the first reports of JMTV in Kenya, and phylogenetic reconstruction revealed significant divergence from previously known isolates and related viruses. Eight fungal species with human pathogenicity were detected in 5 pools (10.8%). The vector-borne filarial pathogens (Brugia malayi, Dirofilaria immitis, Loa loa), protozoa (Plasmodium spp., Trypanosoma cruzi), and environmental and water-/food-borne pathogens (Entamoeba histolytica, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Naegleria fowleri, Schistosoma spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Trichinella spiralis) were detected. Documented viruses included human mastadenovirus C, Epstein-Barr virus and bovine herpesvirus 5, Trinbago virus, and Guarapuava tymovirus-like virus 1. Our findings confirmed that host-feeding ticks are an efficient sentinel for xenosurveillance and demonstrate clear potential for wildlife-livestock-human pathogen transfer in the Kenyan landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
- *Correspondence: Koray Ergunay,
| | | | - Brian Bourke
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Silvia A. Justi
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Laura Caicedo-Quiroga
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
| | - Joseph Kamau
- One Health Centre, Institute of Primate Research (IPR), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samson Mutura
- One Health Centre, Institute of Primate Research (IPR), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Elizabeth Cook
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis Gakuya
- Wildlife Research and Training Institute (WRTI), Naivasha, Kenya
| | - Patrick Omondi
- Wildlife Research and Training Institute (WRTI), Naivasha, Kenya
| | - Suzan Murray
- Global Health Program, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Unit, Fort Royal, VA, United States
| | - Dawn Zimmerman
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, United States
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, United States
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Unalan-Altintop T, Vahabov C, Ergunay K, Kurt O, Kav T, Akyon Y, Erguven S. Investigation of Dientamoeba fragilis and Blastocystis in patients from Turkey with ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome: Any relation with genotypes? Acta Trop 2022; 231:106451. [PMID: 35390312 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. and Dientamoeba fragilis are two most common protists worldwide, whose pathogenic potentials are a matter of debate since their discovery. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the activation of ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with these protists. A total of 100 patients (35 IBS, 35 active UC, and 30 remittent UC), diagnosed at Hacettepe University Adult Hospital (Ankara, Turkey), were screened for D. fragilis and Blastocystis sp. with microscopic examination using the methods of wet mount, trichrome staining, conventional PCR, nested PCR, real-time PCR and genotyping. Eight patients (4 IBS, 2 active, and 2 remittent UC patients) were found to be D. fragilis positive. 18S rRNA region of the parasite was amplified in four of the patients, whereas cathepsin L-like cysteine peptidase; clan Sc, family S9, serine peptidase; and clan MH, family M20 metallopeptidase in six different patients. All isolates were Genotype 1. Sequence results showed very limited diversity. A total of nine patients (3 IBS, 5 active UC, 1 remittent UC) were found to be positive for Blastocystis sp., all of which were Subtype 3. One active UC and one IBS patient were found to be positive for both parasites. No statistically significant difference was detected between the patient groups in means of parasite detection. D. fragilis was found to be related to older age (p=0,045). In our study, no significant correlation was identified between D. fragilis and Blastocystis sp., and the activation of UC and IBS. More studies are needed on the host-parasite relationship, including the role of gut microbiota, together with transcriptomic and metabolomic assessments to unveil the pathogenicity of both protists.
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Abstract
The host immunity is crucial in determining the clinical course and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019, where some systemic and severe manifestations are associated with excessive or suboptimal responses. Several antigenic epitopes in spike, nucleocapsid and membrane proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are targeted by the immune system, and a robust response with innate and adaptive components develops in infected individuals. High titer neutralizing antibodies and a balanced T cell response appears to constitute the optimal immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, where innate and mucosal defenses also contribute significantly. Following exposure, immunological memory seems to develop and be maintained for substantial periods. Here, we provide an overview of the main aspects in antiviral immunity involving innate and adaptive responses with insights into virus structure, individual variations pertaining to disease severity as well as long-term protective immunity expected to be attained by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceylan Polat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Koray Ergunay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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Eyupoglu ND, Ergunay K, Acikgoz A, Akyon Y, Yilmaz E, Yildiz BO. Gut Microbiota and Oral Contraceptive Use in Overweight and Obese Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5899137. [PMID: 32860695 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrine disorder. Emerging animal and human data point to various changes in microbiota that could be linked with the syndrome. However, the effects of therapeutic approaches on gut microbial composition in women with PCOS remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess whether gut microbial composition is altered in PCOS and to determine the potential impact of oral contraceptive (OC) use on gut microbiota. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary referral hospital. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS The study included 17 overweight/obese patients with PCOS and 15 age- and body mass index-matched healthy control women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES At baseline, clinical, hormonal, and metabolic evaluations and gut microbial composition assessment by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were performed for both groups. All measurements were repeated in patients after receiving an OC along with general lifestyle advice for 3 months. RESULTS Alpha and beta diversity did not show a difference between patients with PCOS and healthy controls at baseline and remained unaltered after 3 months of OC use in the PCOS group. Relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae was higher in PCOS (P = 0.006) and did not show a significant change after treatment. CONCLUSION Women with PCOS have an increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae, whereas short-term OC use does not alter compositional features of gut microbiota in the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Damla Eyupoglu
- Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Ergunay
- Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Acikgoz
- Hacettepe University School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yakut Akyon
- Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Engin Yilmaz
- Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Okan Yildiz
- Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Altay-Kocak A, Bozdayi G, Michel J, Polat M, Kanik-Yuksek S, Tezer H, Ozkul A, Ahmed K, Nitsche A, Ergunay K. Multi-assay investigation of viral etiology in pediatric central nervous system infections. J Infect Dev Ctries 2020; 14:572-579. [PMID: 32683347 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In an attempt to identify a wide spectrum of viral infections, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from pediatric cases with the preliminary diagnosis of viral encephalitis/meningoencephalitis in two reference hospitals, from October 2011 to December 2015. METHODOLOGY A combination of nucleic acid-based assays, including in house generic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for enteroviruses, flaviviruses and phleboviruses, a commercial real-time PCR assay for herpesviruses and a commercial real time multiplex PCR, enabling detection of frequently-observed viral, bacterial and fungal agents were employed for screening. RESULTS The microbial agent could be characterized in 10 (10%) of the 100 specimens. Viral etiology could be demonstrated in 7 (70%) specimens, which comprises Human Herpesvirus 6 (4/7), Herpes Simplex virus type1 (2/7) and Enteroviruses (1/7). In 3 specimens (30%), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were detected via the multiplex PCR, which were also isolated in bacteriological media. All specimens with detectable viral nucleic acids, as well as unreactive specimens via nucleic acid testing remained negative in bacteriological cultures. CONCLUSIONS Herpes and enteroviruses were identified as the primary causative agents of central nervous system infections in children. Enterovirus testing must be included in the diagnostic work-up of relevant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Altay-Kocak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gulendam Bozdayi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Janine Michel
- Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 (ZBS-1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Meltem Polat
- Paediatric Infections Unit, Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Saliha Kanik-Yuksek
- Department of Paediatric, Ministry of Health Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Tezer
- Paediatric Infections Unit, Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara,.
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Kamruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1 (ZBS-1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Koray Ergunay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Hacioglu S, Dincer E, Isler CT, Karapinar Z, Ataseven VS, Ozkul A, Ergunay K. A Snapshot Avian Surveillance Reveals West Nile Virus and Evidence of Wild Birds Participating in Toscana Virus Circulation. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:698-708. [PMID: 28832259 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Birds are involved in the epidemiology of several vector-borne viruses, as amplification hosts for viruses, dissemination vehicles for the vectors, and sources of emerging strains in cross-species transmission. Turkey provides diverse habitats for a variety of wild birds and is located along major bird migration routes. This study was undertaken to provide a cross-sectional screening of avian specimens for a spectrum of vector-borne viruses. MATERIALS AND METHODS The specimens were collected in Hatay province, in the Mediterranean coast of the Anatolian peninsula, located in the convergence zone of the known migration routes. Generic PCR assays were used for the detection of members of Nairovirus, Flavivirus, and Phlebovirus genera of Flaviviridae and Bunyaviridae families. The circulating viruses were characterized via sequencing and selected specimens were inoculated onto Vero cell lines for virus isolation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Specimens from 72 wild birds belonging in 8 orders and 14 species were collected. A total of 158 specimens that comprise 32 sera (20.3%) from 7 species and 126 tissues (79.7%) from 14 species were screened. Eight specimens (8/158, 5%), obtained from 4 individuals (4/72, 5.5%), were positive. West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 1 sequences were characterized in the spleen, heart, and kidney tissues from a lesser spotted eagle (Clanga pomarina), which distinctly clustered from sequences previously identified in Turkey. Toscana virus (TOSV) genotype A and B sequences were identified in brain and kidney tissues from a greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus), a great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus), and a black stork (Ciconia nigra), without successful virus isolation. Partial amino acid sequences of the viral nucleocapsid protein revealed previously unreported substitutions. This study documents the involvement of avians in WNV dispersion in Anatolia as well in TOSV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Hacioglu
- 1 Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ender Dincer
- 2 Advanced Technology Education, Research and Application Center, Mersin University , Mersin, Turkey
| | - Cafer Tayer Isler
- 3 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University , Hatay, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Karapinar
- 4 Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University , Van, Turkey
| | - Veysel Soydal Ataseven
- 5 Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University , Hatay, Turkey
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- 1 Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Ergunay
- 6 Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
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Ayhan N, Baklouti A, Prudhomme J, Walder G, Amaro F, Alten B, Moutailler S, Ergunay K, Charrel RN, Huemer H. Practical Guidelines for Studies on Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses: Part I: Important Points to Consider Ante Field Work. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:73-80. [PMID: 28055576 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide practical information to help researchers intending to perform "from field to laboratory" studies on phleboviruses transmitted by sandflies. This guideline addresses the different steps to be considered starting from the field collection of sandflies to the laboratory techniques aiming at the detection, isolation, and characterization of sandfly-borne phleboviruses. In this guideline article, we address the impact of various types of data for an optimal organization of the field work intending to collect wildlife sandflies for subsequent virology studies. Analysis of different data sets should result in the geographic positioning of the trapping stations. The overall planning, the equipment and tools needed, the manpower to be deployed, and the logistics to be anticipated and set up should be organized according to the objectives of the field study for optimal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Ayhan
- 1 UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille Univ. - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - EHESP), Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille , Marseille, France
| | - Amal Baklouti
- 1 UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille Univ. - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - EHESP), Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille , Marseille, France
| | - Jorian Prudhomme
- 2 Centre IRD, UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224 - CNRS 5290 - Université Montpellier) , Montpellier, France
| | | | - Fatima Amaro
- 4 Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Ricardo Jorge , Águas de Moura, Portugal
| | - Bulent Alten
- 5 Ecology Section, ESRL Laboratories, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sara Moutailler
- 6 Animal Health Laboratory , UMR BIPAR, ANSES Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France
| | - Koray Ergunay
- 7 Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Remi N Charrel
- 1 UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille Univ. - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - EHESP), Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille , Marseille, France
| | - Hartwig Huemer
- 8 Division of Virology, Departments Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University , Innsbruck, Austria
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Huemer H, Prudhomme J, Amaro F, Baklouti A, Walder G, Alten B, Moutailler S, Ergunay K, Charrel RN, Ayhan N. Practical Guidelines for Studies on Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses: Part II: Important Points to Consider for Fieldwork and Subsequent Virological Screening. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:81-90. [PMID: 28055572 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this series of review articles entitled "Practical guidelines for studies on sandfly-borne phleboviruses," the important points to be considered at the prefieldwork stage were addressed in part I, including parameters to be taken into account to define the geographic area for sand fly trapping and how to organize field collections. Here in part II, the following points have been addressed: (1) factors influencing the efficacy of trapping and the different types of traps with their respective advantages and drawbacks, (2) how to process the trapped sand flies in the field, and (3) how to process the sand flies in the virology laboratory. These chapters provide the necessary information for adopting the most appropriate procedures depending on the requirements of the study. In addition, practical information gathered through years of experience of translational projects is included to help newcomers to fieldwork studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartwig Huemer
- 1 Division for Human Medicine, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES) , Vienna, Austria
| | - Jorian Prudhomme
- 2 Centre IRD, UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Universite Montpellier) , Montpellier, France
| | - Fatima Amaro
- 3 Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Ricardo Jorge , Aguas de Moura, Portugal
| | - Amal Baklouti
- 4 UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille University-IRD 190-INSERM 1207-EHESP) , Marseille, France .,5 Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille , Marseille, France
| | | | - Bulent Alten
- 7 EBAL-VERG Laboratories, Ecology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Science and Engineering Institute, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sara Moutailler
- 8 UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory , ANSES, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Koray Ergunay
- 9 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Remi N Charrel
- 4 UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille University-IRD 190-INSERM 1207-EHESP) , Marseille, France .,5 Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille , Marseille, France .,10 Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazli Ayhan
- 4 UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille University-IRD 190-INSERM 1207-EHESP) , Marseille, France .,5 Fondation IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille , Marseille, France
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Ergunay K, Ayhan N, Charrel RN. Novel and emergent sandfly-borne phleboviruses in Asia Minor: a systematic review. Rev Med Virol 2017; 27:e1898. [PMID: 27531681 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sandfly-transmitted phleboviruses are globally spread agents causing febrile diseases and central nervous system infections. The activity of pathogenic phleboviruses, as well as several novel strains, has been reported from Turkey, a transboundary country connecting Asia, Europe, and Africa with suitable habitats for sandflies. This study overviews all published data on phleboviruses from Turkey and evaluates the impact from the virological, epidemiological, and public health perspectives. A systematic review of Web-based global and local resources was performed. Comparison and phylogenetic analyses of particular phlebovirus sequences were also undertaken. Through the evaluation of 1693 international and regional entries, 31 manuscripts providing data on case reports or outbreaks, serological surveillance, animal infections and exposure, virus characterization, vector surveillance, and/or diagnostics were accessed. Detailed information on 5 novel phleboviruses completely or partially characterized during 2008-2015 as well as on clinical and epidemiological features of major phleboviruses established as human pathogens such as Toscana virus and sandfly fever Sicilian virus has been compiled. The ongoing activity of these agents, as indicated by consistently reported symptomatic cases and confirmed exposure in vertebrates including humans, was noted. The circulation in the Anatolian peninsula of phleboviruses with surprising diversity as well as distinct virus species is documented. Specific phlebovirus strains constitute a public health threat for local populations and travelers and must be considered in the diagnostic workup of clinically compatible cases. Human health impact and epidemiological aspects of certain viruses require further investigation via intensive surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazli Ayhan
- UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales,", IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Remi N Charrel
- UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales,", IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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16
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Ergunay K, Litzba N, Brinkmann A, Gunay F, Kar S, Oter K, Orsten S, Alten B, Nitsche A, Linton YM. Characterization of a Culex theileri flavivirus variant in field-collected mosquitoes from Turkey. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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17
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Demir ZC, Bastug A, Bodur H, Ergunay K, Ozkul A. MicroRNA expression profiles in patients with acute Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever reveal possible adjustments to cellular pathways. J Med Virol 2016; 89:417-422. [PMID: 27551771 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several viral diseases are associated with altered microRNA (miRNA) expression, which can provide vital information about how cellular pathways respond to infection. However, the miRNA profile of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHFV) infections are not known. To address this gap, we performed real-time PCR-based miRNA analysis in individuals with acute Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHFV) infections, with the goal of identifying pathways that might be associated with this disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analysed in eight individuals with detectable viral RNA and compared to five healthy subjects. A total of 106 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, of which 19 miRNAs were either fivefold prominently up- or down-regulation. Several miRNAs associated with cytokine expression, some of which were previously associated with Dengue and Hantavirus infections were revealed. Moreover, possible mechanisms related to secretion of adhesion molecules and viral escape from innate immunity were identified. Pathway enrichment analyses further revealed the putative involvement of TNF-alfa, TGF-beta, MAPK, WNT, and neurotrophin signaling pathways in disease pathogenesis. J. Med. Virol. 89:417-422, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aliye Bastug
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hurrem Bodur
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Ergunay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Altay A, Ocal M, Yuksek SK, Polat M, Tapisiz A, Tezer H, Ergunay K, Bozdayi G, Ahmed K. Multicenter investigation of bufavirus in the etiology of viral central nervous system infections of adults and children. J Clin Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Altay A, Tuney I, Ergunay K, Usubutun A, Yuce K, Pinar A, Gorzer I, Puchhammer-Stockl E, Bozdayi G. Genotyping of HPV DNA positive and HPV E6/E7 mRNA negative cervical samples with abnormal cytology. J Clin Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.08.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dincer E, Karapinar Z, Oktem M, Ozbaba M, Ozkul A, Ergunay K. Canine Infections and Partial S Segment Sequence Analysis of Toscana Virus in Turkey. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:611-8. [PMID: 27400226 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toscana virus (TOSV) is a sandfly-borne bunyavirus with a significant public health impact. Preliminary studies have revealed TOSV exposure in dogs and they were suggested as potential reservoirs. This study was performed to characterize canine TOSV infections in an endemic region. Sequencing of TOSV small (S) segment in several previously identified specimens was also undertaken to reveal viral genealogy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Canine and feline plasma were collected in several districts of Mersin province, Mediterranean Anatolia, Turkey, during May-September, 2015. Phlebovirus RNA was screened through two nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, targeting S and large (L) segments of the viral genome. A kinetoplast minicircle nested PCR was employed for Leishmania DNA detection and typing. Previously collected TOSV-positive specimens from humans, dogs, cats, and sandflies from various regions in Turkey and Cyprus were further evaluated through the S segment PCR. All amplicons were characterized through sequencing. RESULTS A total of 210 specimens that comprise canine (76.2%) and feline (23.8%) plasma were screened. In three (1.9%) and two (1.3%) canine specimens, TOSV and Leishmania nucleic acids were detected, respectively. The TOSV strains were characterized as genotype B, and Leishmania infantum was identified in positive specimens. Twenty-four partial S segment sequences were amplified, which demonstrated a maximum intramural diversity of 3.88% in the nucleotide level. Sequence comparisons revealed significant similarities to particular genotype B strains characterized in Spain and France, whereas a notable divergence was observed among several TOSV strains. Single or recurrent amino acid substitutions were noted in eight residues of the viral nucleocapsid. DISCUSSION Canine infections of TOSV genotype B, with temporal and spatial association with L. infantum, were detected. Divergent TOSV S segment sequences with amino acid substitutions, presumably associated with host adaptation, were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ender Dincer
- 1 Advanced Technology of Education, Research and Application Center, Mersin University , Mersin, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Karapinar
- 2 Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University , Van, Turkey
| | - Mert Oktem
- 3 Department of Biotechnology, Mersin University , Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Aykut Ozkul
- 5 Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Ergunay
- 6 Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of gamma-ray-polymerized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). A total of 32 disk-shaped PMMA specimens were polymerized by gamma-irradiation with 1 Mrad for 4 h (Group 1), 2 Mrad for 8 h (Group 2), 3 Mrad for 12 h (Group 3), and thermally polymerized (Group 4). Four- and 6-day eluates of the specimens were prepared in Eagle’s Minimal Essential Medium (EMEM) without Fetal Calf Serum (FCS). The eluates and EMEM supplemented by 20% FCS were placed into Vero (green African monkey kidney) cell cultures, and incubated at 37 C for 24, 48, and 72 h. EMEM kept at 37 C for 4 and 6 days was also tested up to 72 h, and served as controls. After each incubation period, the number of viable cells were counted and stained at the termination of the experiments for histological evaluation. The number of viable cells for Group 1 was slightly lower than that of other groups after 24 h. The time-dependent increase in cells exposed to Group 3 eluates was comparable with the control group. There was a dose-dependent effect on cell response for gamma-ray-polymerized specimens. The number of viable cells and the morphological appearance of cells in all groups were similar. Eluates from PMMA polymerized by low doses of gammaray with reduced polymerization periods have early inhibitory effects on cell response. Higher doses of gamma-irradiation lead to better cellular response, and therefore, may be future candidates for polymerization of PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Cavit Cehreli
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ergunay K, Tkachev S, Kozlova I, Růžek D. A Review of Methods for Detecting Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infection in Tick, Animal, and Human Specimens. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:4-12. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Sihhiye Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sergey Tkachev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Kozlova
- FSSFE Scientific Centre of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Alten B, Ozbel Y, Ergunay K, Kasap OE, Cull B, Antoniou M, Velo E, Prudhomme J, Molina R, Bañuls AL, Schaffner F, Hendrickx G, Van Bortel W, Medlock JM. Sampling strategies for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Europe. Bull Entomol Res 2015; 105:664-678. [PMID: 26271257 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485315000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of phlebotomine sand flies is widely reported to be changing in Europe. This can be attributed to either the discovery of sand flies in areas where they were previously overlooked (generally following an outbreak of leishmaniasis or other sand fly-related disease) or to true expansion of their range as a result of climatic or environmental changes. Routine surveillance for phlebotomines in Europe is localized, and often one of the challenges for entomologists working in non-leishmaniasis endemic countries is the lack of knowledge on how to conduct, plan and execute sampling for phlebotomines, or how to adapt on-going sampling strategies for other haematophagous diptera. This review brings together published and unpublished expert knowledge on sampling strategies for European phlebotomines of public health concern in order to provide practical advice on: how to conduct surveys; the collection and interpretation of field data; suitable techniques for the preservation of specimens obtained by different sampling methods; molecular techniques used for species identification; and the pathogens associated with sand flies and their detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alten
- Hacettepe University (HUESRL),Ankara,Turkey
| | - Y Ozbel
- Ege University (EGE),Izmir,Turkey
| | - K Ergunay
- Hacettepe University,Medical Faculty (HU-MED),Ankara,Turkey
| | - O E Kasap
- Hacettepe University (HUESRL),Ankara,Turkey
| | - B Cull
- Medical Entomology group, Emergency Response Department,Public Health England,Salisbury,UK
| | - M Antoniou
- University of Crete (UoC),Heraklion,Greece
| | - E Velo
- Institute of Public Health (IPH),Tirana,Albania
| | - J Prudhomme
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224 - CNRS 5290 - Universités Montpellier 1 et 2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD),Montpellier,France
| | - R Molina
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII),Madrid,Spain
| | - A-L Bañuls
- UMR MIVEGEC (IRD 224 - CNRS 5290 - Universités Montpellier 1 et 2), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD),Montpellier,France
| | | | | | | | - J M Medlock
- Medical Entomology group, Emergency Response Department,Public Health England,Salisbury,UK
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Ergunay K, Bakonyi T, Nowotny N, Ozkul A. Close relationship between West Nile virus from Turkey and lineage 1 strain from Central African Republic. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:352-5. [PMID: 25625703 PMCID: PMC4313653 DOI: 10.3201/eid2102.141135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We sequenced West Nile viruses (WNVs) from Turkey and found close relationships to WNV lineage 1 strain ArB310/67 from the Central African Republic, distinct from other WNVs circulating in the Mediterranean Basin, eastern Europe, and the Middle East. These findings suggest independent introductions of WNV strains from Africa to the Middle East.
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Ergunay K, Kaplan B, Okar S, Akkutay-Yoldar Z, Kurne A, Arsava EM, Ozkul A. Urinary detection of toscana virus nucleic acids in neuroinvasive infections. J Clin Virol 2015; 70:89-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.07.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ergunay K, Karagul A, Abudalal A, Hacioglu S, Us D, Erdem Y, Ozkul A. Prospective investigation of the impact of West Nile Virus infections in renal diseases. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1625-32. [PMID: 25965349 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An increased incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) after West Nile Virus (WNV) infections has been suggested but the association of WNV infections with renal damage remain inconclusive. This study was undertaken to characterize WNV infections in individuals with acute kidney injury (AKI) and CKD, and to evaluate hemodialysis as a probable transmission route. A total of 463 plasma and urine samples were collected from 45 AKI and 77 CKD patients. Nested and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were employed for viral RNA detection. Specific immunoglobulins were investigated via immunofluorescence and plaque reduction neutralization assays. Consecutive pre and post-dialysis samples were evaluated in CKD cases. WNV RNA and specific immunoglobulins were detected in 7 (5.7%) and 5 (4.1%) individuals, respectively. The AKI patients with WNV RNA in blood and urine had underlying diseases requiring immunosuppressive therapy and demonstrated moderate to high viral loads. No clinical symptom related to WNV infection were observed in CKD cases with detectable viral nucleic acids. All WNV sequences were characterized as lineage 1 clade 1a and several amino acid substitutions with unknown impact were noted. Detailed epidemiologic investigation of WNV RNA positive CKD cases revealed probable vector-borne virus exposure, without the evidence for transmission via hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University; Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aydan Karagul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University; Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayman Abudalal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University; Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sabri Hacioglu
- Department of Virology, Ankara University; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Durdal Us
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University; Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yunus Erdem
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University; Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Department of Virology, Ankara University; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Dincer E, Gargari S, Ozkul A, Ergunay K. Potential animal reservoirs of Toscana virus and coinfections with Leishmania infantum in Turkey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 92:690-7. [PMID: 25711610 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Toscana virus (TOSV), a sandfly-borne phlebovirus, is an important agent of human meningoencephalitis in the Mediterranean region, for which vertebrates acting as reservoirs have not yet been determined. This study investigates TOSV and Leishmania infections in dogs, cats, sheep, and goats from Adana and Mersin provinces in southeastern Turkey. TOSV neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in 40.4% of the dog and 4% of the goat samples. TOSV RNA was detected in 9.9% of the 252 samples that mainly comprise dogs (96%). Thus, canine species can be suggested as the candidate reservoirs of TOSV. Partial sequences revealed the activity of TOSV genotypes A and B. In two dogs presenting with symptoms of canine leishmaniasis, infections of TOSV genotype B and Leishmania infantum have been documented, describing the first report of coinfections with these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ender Dincer
- Mersin University Advanced Technology Education, Research and Application Center, Mersin, Turkey; Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sepandar Gargari
- Mersin University Advanced Technology Education, Research and Application Center, Mersin, Turkey; Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Mersin University Advanced Technology Education, Research and Application Center, Mersin, Turkey; Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Ergunay
- Mersin University Advanced Technology Education, Research and Application Center, Mersin, Turkey; Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Ankara, Turkey
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Ergunay K, Kasap OE, Orsten S, Oter K, Gunay F, Yoldar AZA, Dincer E, Alten B, Ozkul A. Phlebovirus and Leishmania detection in sandflies from eastern Thrace and northern Cyprus. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:575. [PMID: 25499083 PMCID: PMC4269954 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phlebotomine sandflies are vectors of several pathogens with significant impact for public health. This study was conducted to investigate and characterize phlebovirus and Leishmania infections in vector sandflies collected in the eastern Thrace region in Turkey and Northern Cyprus, where previous data indicate activity of these agents. Methods Field sampling of sandflies was performed at 4 locations in Edirne and Tekirdag provinces of eastern Thrace and at 17 locations in Lefkosa, Girne, Magosa and Guzelyurt provinces of northern Cyprus. In sandfly pools, phlebovirus RNA and Leishmania DNA were screened via a generic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and kinetoplast minicircle PCR, respectively. Selected sandfly specimens unsuitable for pathogen detection were identified to species level. Cytochrome oxidase 1 gene region was used for DNA barcoding of selected specimens and pathogen positive pools. Positive amplicons were cloned and characterized by sequencing. Results A total of 2690 sandflies, collected from Eastern Thrace (15.4%) and Northern Cyprus (84.6%) were evaluated. Morphological examination of 780 specimens from Cyprus exhibited Phlebotomus perfiliewi sensu lato (72.6%), Phlebotomus tobbi (19.7%), Phlebotomus papatasi (2.8%), Laroussius sp. (1.6%) and Sergentomyia azizi (1.6%), Sergentomyia sp. (0.9%), Sergentomyia minuta (0.5%) and Phleobotomus jacusieli (0.1%) species. Pathogen screening was performed in 1910 specimens distributed in 195 pools. In eight pools of P.tobbi sandflies collected in Cyprus, Leishmania infantum DNA was demonstrated. Toscana virus (TOSV) genotype A sequences were identified in two pools of P. perfiliewi s.l. and one pool of P.tobbi sandflies from Cyprus. Co-infection of TOSV and Leishmania infantum was characterized in a P.tobbi pool. Sequences belonging to novel phleboviruses are revealed in three P. perfiliewi s.l. pools. One sequence, provisionally named Edirne virus, identified in Edirne province in eastern Thrace, demonstrated the highest rate of genomic similarity to Adria and Salehabad viruses. Furthermore, Girne 1 and Girne 2 viruses, identified in Girne province, revealed similarities to TOSV and Sandfly Fever Sicilian virus and related strains, respectively. Conclusions Activity of TOSV genotype A strains in Cyprus and co-infection of sandfly vectors with L. infantum was documented for the first time. Novel phlebovirus strains of unknown medical significance was identified in sampling regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Hacettepe University, Morphology Building 3rd Floor, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ozge Erisoz Kasap
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Serra Orsten
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Hacettepe University, Morphology Building 3rd Floor, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Kerem Oter
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Filiz Gunay
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Ender Dincer
- Advanced Technology Education, Research and Application Center, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Bulent Alten
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ergunay K, Gunay F, Erisoz Kasap O, Oter K, Gargari S, Karaoglu T, Tezcan S, Cabalar M, Yildirim Y, Emekdas G, Alten B, Ozkul A. Serological, molecular and entomological surveillance demonstrates widespread circulation of West Nile virus in Turkey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3028. [PMID: 25058465 PMCID: PMC4109882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus with significant impact on human and animal health, has recently demonstrated an expanded zone of activity globally. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency and distribution of WNV infections in potential vectors and several mammal and avian species in Turkey, where previous data indicate viral circulation. The study was conducted in 15 provinces across Turkey during 2011–2013. In addition, the entomological study was extended to 4 districts of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. WNV exposure was determined in humans, horses, sheep and ducks from Mersin, Sanliurfa, Van and Kars provinces of Turkey, via the detection of neutralizing antibodies. WNV RNA was sought in human and equine samples from Mersin, Adana and Mugla provinces. Field-collected mosquitoes from 92 sites at 46 locations were characterized morphologically and evaluated for viral RNA. Neutralizing antibodies were identified in 10.5% of the 1180 samples studied and detected in all species evaluated. Viral nucleic acids were observed in 5.9% of 522 samples but only in horses. A total of 2642 mosquito specimens belonging to 15 species were captured, where Ochlerotatus caspius (52.4%), Culex pipiens sensu lato (24.2%) comprise the most frequent species. WNV RNA was detected in 4 mosquito pools (1.9%), that comprise Oc. caspius Cx. pipiens s.l. and DNA barcoding revealed the presence of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. perexiguus mosquitoes in infected Culex pools. All WNV partial sequences were characterized as lineage 1 clade 1a. These findings indicate a widespread WNV activity in Turkey, in Eastern Thrace and Mediterranean-Aegean regions as well as Southeastern and Northeastern Anatolia. West Nile virus (WNV), frequently transmitted to humans and other susceptible species via bites of infected mosquitoes, is a significant global public health threat. Limited information is available on WNV epidemiology in Turkey, located in the endemic zone of the agent around the Mediterranean Sea. This study was performed to reveal WNV activity in potential hosts and vector mosquitoes, involving 11 provinces in Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus during 2011–2013. Our findings indicate virus exposure in humans and various animals in previously unexplored regions as well as a high rate of virus circulation in equine blood samples during the mosquito season. Field-captured mosquito specimens demonstrated the presence of major WNV vectors among 15 species identified. WNV infection was detected in 1.9% of the pooled mosquito specimens. Molecular characterization of the individual mosquitoes of the infected pools revealed Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. perexiguus species, important WNV vectors where Culex quinquefasciatus not previously known to exist in Turkey. Partial viral genome sequences obtained from infected hosts were characterized as lineage 1, the predominant pathogenic WNV strain circulating in Europe as well as the American Continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Gunay
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozge Erisoz Kasap
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerem Oter
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sepandar Gargari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Taner Karaoglu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seda Tezcan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cabalar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Harran University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yakup Yildirim
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Kafkas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gürol Emekdas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bulent Alten
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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Kasap Erisoz O, Belen A, Alkan C, Gunay F, Dvorak V, Ergunay K, Aydın S, Votypka J, Banuls AL, Charrel R, Özkul A, Özbel Y, Volf P, Alten B. Phlebotomine sand flies on the crossroads of Anatolia: transmitted diseases and vectors. Parasit Vectors 2014. [PMCID: PMC4092307 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-s1-o21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Ergunay K, Kocak Tufan Z, Bulut C, Kinikli S, Demiroz AP, Ozkul A. Antibody responses and viral load in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a comprehensive analysis during the early stages of the infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 79:31-6. [PMID: 24630756 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to assess viral load, viral nucleocapsid (N), and glycoprotein precursor (GPC) antibodies in consecutive samples obtained from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients to reveal viral replication kinetics and antiviral immune responses during the early stages of the infection. Among 116 samples from 20 individuals, 43.9% and 76.7% were positive for viral RNA and IgM/IgG antibodies, respectively, whereas both markers could be detected in 22.4%. Mean duration of viremia was 3 days (range: 1-6 days). N-IgM antibodies were identified as the initial serological marker during the infection, becoming detectable in a median of 2-3 days after disease onset, followed by GPC-IgM (4-6 days) and IgG antibodies (5-6 days). Clearance of viremia followed or coincided N-IgM response. Partial S gene sequences amplified in viremic patients were identical or closely related to previously characterized strains and grouped within European lineage I group II viruses via neighbor-joining analysis without significant amino acid substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Zeliha Kocak Tufan
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemal Bulut
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, MOH Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sami Kinikli
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, MOH Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Pekcan Demiroz
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, MOH Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Department of Virology, Ankara University; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Ocal M, Orsten S, Inkaya AC, Yetim E, Acar NP, Alp S, Kasap OE, Gunay F, Arsava EM, Alten B, Ozkul A, Us D, Niedrig M, Ergunay K. Ongoing activity of Toscana virus genotype A and West Nile virus lineage 1 strains in Turkey: a clinical and field survey. Zoonoses Public Health 2013; 61:480-91. [PMID: 25285941 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Toscana virus (TOSV), West Nile virus (WNV) and tickborne encephalitis virus (TBEV) are among major viral pathogens causing febrile disease and meningitis/encephalitis. The impact of these viruses was investigated at a referral centre in Ankara Province, Central Anatolia in 2012, where previous reports suggested virus circulation but with scarce information on clinical cases and vector activity. Serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid samples from 94 individuals were evaluated, in addition to field-collected arthropod specimens that included 767 sandflies and 239 mosquitoes. Viral nucleic acids in clinical samples and arthropods were sought via specific and generic nested/real-time PCRs, and antibody responses in clinical samples were investigated via commercial indirect immunofluorescence tests (IIFTs) and virus neutralization. A WNV antigen assay was also employed for mosquitoes. WNV neuroinvasive disease has been identified in a 63-year-old male via RNA detection, and the WNV strain was characterized as lineage 1. TOSV infections were diagnosed in six individuals (6.3%) via RNA or IgM detection. Partial sequences in a 23-year-old female, presented with fever and transient pancytopenia, were characterized as TOSV genotype A. Febrile disease with arthralgia and/or peripheral cranial nerve involvement was noted in cases with TOSV infections. Previous WNV and TOSV exposures have been observed in 5.3% and 2.1% of the subjects, respectively. No confirmed TBEV exposure could be identified. Morphological identification of the field-collected mosquitoes revealed Culex pipiens sensu lato (74.4%), Anopheles maculipennis (20.9%), An. claviger (2.1%) and others. Sandfly species were determined as Phlebotomus papatasi (36.2%), P. halepensis (27.3%), P. major s. l. (19.3%), P. sergenti (8.9%), P. perfiliewi (4.4%), P. simici (2.6%) and others. Viral infections in arthropods could not be demonstrated. TOSV genotype A and WNV lineage 1 activity have been demonstrated as well as serologically proven exposure in patients. Presence of sandfly and mosquito species capable of virus transmission has also been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ocal
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Ergunay K, Gunay F, Oter K, Kasap OE, Orsten S, Akkutay AZ, Erdem H, Ozkul A, Alten B. Arboviral surveillance of field-collected mosquitoes reveals circulation of West Nile virus lineage 1 strains in Eastern Thrace, Turkey. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2013; 13:744-52. [PMID: 23919608 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2012.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arbovirus screening in invertebrate vectors is an important component of the vector-borne disease surveillance programs. Turkey has been shown to harbor medically important mosquito-borne arboviruses such as West Nile Virus (WNV). However, limited information about infections in vectors are currently available. This study was performed to provide preliminary data from Eastern Thrace region, Turkey, where no arbovirus vector surveillance has previously been performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mosquito sampling was undertaken at 23 sites in Edirne province during July, 2012. All specimens were identified morphologically, and selected individuals were subjected to DNA barcoding via cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequencing. Consensus PCR for Flavivirus, Alphavirus, and Phlebovirus genera and WNV-specific nested and real-time reverse transcription PCR were employed for mosquito pool screening and/or confirmation. Viral sequences detected in pools were characterized via sequencing. RESULTS A total of 9261 mosquitoes were captured and distributed into 232 pools from the following species: Ochlerotatus caspius (90.9%), Culex pipiens sensu lato (s.l.) (4.7%), Anopheles pseudopictus (3%), and Anopheles maculipennis s.l. (1.3%). Specimens morphologically classified as Cx. pipiens s.l. were identified as Cx. pipiens pipiens via barcoding. Thirty-seven mosquito pools (15.9%) were positive in pan-flavivirus and WNV-specific assays. Viral sequences in positive pools were characterized as WNV lineage 1 clade 1a and demonstrated 1-4% divergence. No flavivirus sequences other than WNV were detected in the mosquito pools. WNV infection rates in Oc. caspius and Cx. pipiens s.l. pools were 15.6% and 36.3%, respectively. Comparison of current and previously identified WNV sequences from Turkey revealed 94.00-96.34% similarity. DISCUSSION WNV RNA was identified for the first time in Cx. pipiens s.l. and Oc. caspius mosquitoes in Eastern Thrace, Turkey. Our findings indicate the circulation of WNV lineage 1 strains in potential vector species and provide an epidemiological link between WNV activity in mosquitoes and vertebrate infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Sihhiye Ankara, Turkey
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Erdem H, Ergunay K, Yilmaz A, Naz H, Akata F, Inan AS, Ulcay A, Gunay F, Ozkul A, Alten B, Turhan V, Oncul O, Gorenek L. Emergence and co-infections of West Nile virus and Toscana virus in Eastern Thrace, Turkey. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 20:319-25. [PMID: 23910388 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the impact of West Nile virus (WNV) and Toscana virus (TOSV) in febrile diseases of unknown aetiology in Eastern Thrace, Turkey; this study was conducted during August-October 2012, and included 18 clinical cases and 296 blood donors for local serosurveillance. Antibodies were determined via commercial assays and further tested for specificity via neutralization assays (NA). Viral RNAs were sought via specific and/or generic primers. WNV infections were diagnosed in seven patients (38.8%), detected via RNA+IgM in four, RNA in one and IgM and low avidity IgG in two cases. The most common symptom was fever (>38°C), followed by headache, malaise/fatigue, myalgia/arthralgia, muscle stiffness/lower back pain, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhoea, supraorbital/retrobulbar pain and abdominal pain. Neurological symptoms were noted in one individual. WNV strains in RNA-detectable patients were characterized as lineage 1. TOSV RNA or IgM were identified in two individuals with confirmed WNV infections and in one patient without evidence of WNV exposure. The clinical and laboratory findings in individuals with WNV/TOSV co-infection were comparable to those in WNV-induced disease. The TOSV strain in the patient with detectable viral RNA was characterized as genotype A. In local blood donors, seroreactivity for specific WNV and TOSV immunoglobulins was observed in 1.7% (5/296) and 14.4% (26/180), respectively. These findings indicate the emergence of WNV and TOSV-associated diseases in Eastern Thrace. WNV/TOSV co-infections were documented for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Erdem
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ozkul A, Ergunay K, Koysuren A, Alkan F, Arsava EM, Tezcan S, Emekdas G, Hacioglu S, Turan M, Us D. Concurrent occurrence of human and equine West Nile virus infections in Central Anatolia, Turkey: the first evidence for circulation of lineage 1 viruses. Int J Infect Dis 2013; 17:e546-51. [PMID: 23517780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND West Nile fever is an important zoonotic infection caused by West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae. Previous serological data from Turkey suggest widespread WNV circulation. This report includes cases of human and equine WNV infections occurring concurrently, and manifesting as central nervous system infections, in two neighboring provinces of Central Anatolia, Turkey. A partial phylogenetic analysis of the causative virus is given for the first time. METHODS The cases were reported in February (horses) and March (human). Symptoms of the disease were similar in the two species, characterized by neurological manifestations suggesting meningoencephalitis. Real-time/nested PCRs and commercial immunoassays and a plaque reduction neutralization assay were employed for the detection of viral RNA and specific antibodies, respectively. RESULTS WNV RNAs were detected in buffy coat (horses) and cerebrospinal fluid (human) samples. Partial nucleotide sequences of the E-gene coding region revealed that the strains are closely related to viruses of lineage 1, clade 1a. Accompanying equine serosurveillance demonstrated WNV-specific antibodies in 31.6% of the samples. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of acute WNV infections caused by lineage 1 strains from Turkey, in concordance with previous reports from some European and North African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Ozkul
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Irfan Bastug Cad. Diskapi, Ankara 06110, Turkey.
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Ergunay K, Balaban Y, Cosgun E, Alp A, Simsek H, Sener B, Tatar G, Hascelik G. Epidemiologic trends in HBV infections at a reference centre in Turkey: an 11-year retrospective analysis. Ann Hepatol 2013; 11:672-8. [PMID: 22947528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify changes in hepatitis B epidemiology after the implementation of the nationwide vaccination program in Turkey, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and related tests performed over a period of 11 years (2000-2010) at a reference centre were retrospectively overviewed and statistically analysed for trends. RESULTS Assay results for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and e antigen (HBeAg), Anti-HBs, Anti-HBe, Anti-HBc immunoglobulins and HBV DNA as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gama-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels, obtained via standardized commercial assays were included in the analysis. Overall, a stable anti-HBs incidence (43.6%) and male predominance in infected individuals were noted. Total Anti-HBc was detected in 43.3% of the Anti-HBs reactive population, demonstrating that the immunity against HBV has still been acquired through virus exposure. An intermediate HBsAg seroprevalence of 6.0% was observed with a significant decrease from 12.3% to 5.0% from 2000 to 2010. Anti-HBe positive infections were more frequent than those with HBe antigenemia (77.1% vs. 18.5%) with a notable increase from 2000 to 2003. HBV DNA was detected in 23.6-25.6% with serological markers of viral replication and was more prevalent in HBeAg positive individuals in parallel with AST, ALT and GGT levels. Evidence for horizontal transfer as the major transmission route was revealed with a reduction of childhood HBV infections, attributable to the ongoing vaccination efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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Ergunay K, Sayiner AA, Litzba N, Lederer S, Charrel R, Kreher P, Us D, Niedrig M, Ozkul A, Hascelik G. Multicentre evaluation of central nervous system infections due to Flavi and Phleboviruses in Turkey. J Infect 2012; 65:343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Ergunay K, Erisoz Kasap O, Kocak Tufan Z, Turan MH, Ozkul A, Alten B. Molecular Evidence Indicates ThatPhlebotomus major sensu lato(Diptera: Psychodidae) Is the Vector Species of the Recently-Identified Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus Variant: Sandfly Fever Turkey Virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2012; 12:690-8. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Virology Unit, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozge Erisoz Kasap
- Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Kocak Tufan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, MOH Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahur H. Turan
- Department of Virology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Department of Virology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Alten
- Department of Biology, Division of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Çekin E, Ozyurt M, Erkul E, Ergunay K, Cincik H, Kapucu B, Gungor A. The Association between Helicobacter Pylori and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in Laryngeal Pathologies. Ear Nose Throat J 2012; 91:E6-9. [DOI: 10.1177/014556131209100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a study to determine the presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) in 43 previously untreated patients who had presented with a laryngeal lesion. Our aim was to determine if there was any association among H pylori, LPR, and laryngeal lesions. H pylori status was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays of biopsy tissue obtained during direct laryngoscopy. The presence or absence of LPR was determined on the basis of patients’ reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS), which were based on their questionnaire responses and findings on endoscopic examination of the larynx, respectively. Patients with an RSI of 14 or more and/or an RFS of 8 or more were considered to have LPR. H pylori was present in 24 patients (55.8%) and absent in 19 (44.2%)—not a statistically significant difference. The prevalence of LPR was higher than the prevalence of H pylori; it was present in 30 patients (69.8%) and absent in 13 (30.2%). The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.01). We found no association between H pylori status and LPR status. Additionally, we analyzed two subgroups based on whether their lesions were benign or malignant/premalignant and found a significant relationship between LPR positivity and the presence of malignant/premalignant laryngeal lesions (p = 0.03). We found no association between H pylori status and either of the two subgroup categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Çekin
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Istanbul
| | - Mustafa Ozyurt
- Department of Microbiology, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Istanbul
| | - Evren Erkul
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Istanbul
| | - Koray Ergunay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Cincik
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Istanbul
| | - Burak Kapucu
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Istanbul
| | - Atila Gungor
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Istanbul
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Hekimoglu O, Ozer N, Ergunay K, Ozkul A. Species distribution and detection of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in field-collected ticks in Ankara Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Exp Appl Acarol 2012; 56:75-84. [PMID: 21910017 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-011-9492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ticks may act as vectors for a number of infectious diseases including Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). The causative agent is Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV), a member of Bunyaviridae, causing extensive ecchymosis, visceral bleeding and hepatic dysfunction with a high fatality rate in the affected individuals. CCHF was initially recognized in Turkey in 2002 and the current number of reported cases exceeds 4,400. This study was conducted to confirm the presence of tick species established as potential CCHFV vectors and investigate CCHFV activity in ticks at Ankara province, Turkey's second most-densely populated province, where CCHF cases were demonstrated. A total of 1,196 adult ticks, collected from various animals and vegetation in 12 sites located in 5 counties of Ankara during April-July 2010 were identified to species level. Twenty-two tick pools from county K2 were also evaluated for the presence of CCHFV RNA via a one-step real-time RT-PCR assay and reactive results were further confirmed by an in house nested RT-PCR assay. Nine tick species were identified: Rhipicephalus bursa (44.9%), R. sanguineus (18.9%), R. turanicus (18.1%), Haemaphysalis parva (8.3%), Hyalomma marginatum marginatum (5.4%), H. aegyptium (1.4%), H. anatolicum excavatum (1.3%), Hae. punctata (0.3%) and Dermacentor marginatus (0.2%). A total of five tick pools (22.7%) were reactive in real-time and nested RT-PCR assays. The pools included R. bursa, H. m. marginatum and Hae. parva ticks, collected from mammal hosts from two villages in one county. This is the first documentation of CCHFV activity in ticks from Ankara province, which indicates requirement for detailed surveillance to predict high risk zones in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Hekimoglu
- Ecology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe Ankara, Turkey
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Ergunay K, Aydogan S, Ilhami Ozcebe O, Cilek EE, Hacioglu S, Karakaya J, Ozkul A, Us D. Toscana virus (TOSV) exposure is confirmed in blood donors from Central, North and South/Southeast Anatolia, Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 59:148-54. [PMID: 21914151 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2011.01436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Toscana virus (TOSV), a sandfly fever virus serotype of medical and public health importance, is a major pathogen involved in aseptic meningtis occurring in Mediterranean countries and poses a threat to the residents as well as travellers. Limited data on TOSV activity are present from Turkey despite being located in the endemic zone. We aimed to identify TOSV exposure in 1115 healthy blood donors at the Hacettepe University Hospital Blood Bank in Ankara, Turkey, using commercial indirect fluorescence assays (IFAs) and virus neutralization test (VNT) for antibody detection and specificity confirmation. A total of 199 samples (17.8%) were positive for anti-TOSV that include IgG reactivity in 10.4%, IgM reactivity in 8.2% and IgM + IgG reactivity in 0.7% of the sera. Anti-TOSV specificity could be confirmed via VNT in 56% of the IgG- and 43.6% of the IgM-positive sera, making up a total of 58 samples (5.2%). Risk factors associated with TOSV IgG reactivity were male gender, residing in rural areas, frequent sighting of mosquitoes/sandflies and working outdoors. TOSV-specific antibody prevalence increased significantly with age. Evidence of exposure to other sandfly fever viruses was noted. These data reveal that mild or asymptomatic infections with TOSV are frequent in central and northern Anatolia. TOSV exposure has also been identified in residents of 9 provinces in southern/southeastern Anatolia for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ergunay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Chris A. Whitehouse
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Department of Virology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Ozyurt M, Gungor A, Ergunay K, Cekin E, Erkul E, Haznedaroglu T. Real-time PCR detection of Helicobacter pylori and virulence-associated cagA in nasal polyps and laryngeal disorders. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 141:131-5. [PMID: 19559972 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify Helicobacter pylori and major virulence factor, cagA, in patients with laryngeal diseases and nasal polyps. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study with planned data collection. SETTING The study was performed on fresh tissue samples from patients with 32 nasal polyps, 29 normal nasal mucosa, and 27 laryngeal diseases presenting to the Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery department of a major military hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Tissue specimens were evaluated by in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR for bacterial DNA and by real-time PCR for cagA. The impact of commercial and in-house DNA extraction methods was also evaluated. RESULTS H pylori DNA was detected only by real-time PCR in 59.4 percent of nasal polyps, 70.4 percent of nasal mucosa samples, and 58.6 percent of larynx samples. cagA was identified in 78.9, 89.5, and 82.4 percent of positive polyp, nasal mucosa, and larynx samples, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups. DNA purification methods were equally effective. CONCLUSION H pylori DNA is present in nasal polyp and larynx tissues as well as normal nasal mucosa, as detected by a sensitive real-time PCR assay. cagA-positive strains dominate in all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ozyurt
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ergunay K, Tezel GG, Dogan AI, Ozen H, Sirin G, Ozbay M, Karabulut E, Ustacelebi S. Testicular persistence of Parvovirus B19: Evidence for preferential infection of germ cell tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2008; 204:649-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ergunay K, Yurdakul P, Cobanoglu N, Sener B, Yalcin E, Kiper N. 99 Sensitivity of recA PCR for direct detection of Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) from sputum of CF patients. J Cyst Fibros 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(07)60089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ergunay K, Ozer N, Us D, Ozkul A, Simsek F, Kaynas S, Ustacelebi S. Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Southeastern Turkey: First Evidence for Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infections. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2007; 7:157-61. [PMID: 17627432 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2006.0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) are among the medically important Flaviviruses that cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans. In this study, seroprevalence of WNV and TBEV in sera from two state medical hospitals from the southeastern part of Turkey was investigated. One hundred eighty-one serum samples were evaluated for WNV immunoglobulin G (IgG) by an indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT) and for IgG antibodies against TBEV by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit with enhanced sensitivity and specificity. Sera positive for WNV IgG were further analyzed by plaque reduction neutralization assay (PRNA). TBEV IgM was also investigated by ELISA in all seroreactive samples. Of 181 sera, 29 (16%) were positive for WNV IgG by IIFT and 17 of 179 (9.5%) were confirmed by PRNA. Nineteen of 181 (10.5%) sera were detected to have TBEV IgG. Mean titer of TBEV IgG was 43.0 RU/mL (median, 33.9 RU/mL; cutoff: 20 RU/mL). Four samples with WNV IgG antibodies were also positive for TBEV IgG antibodies. TBEV IgM was detected in 9 of 39 (23%) of all seroreactive sera, where IgM positivity were accompanied by IgG for 6 samples. These results suggest the presence of possible human WNV and TBEV infections in southeastern Turkey where vector activity have previously been detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Ergunay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Ankara, Turkey.
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Odemis E, Gurakan F, Ergunay K, Yuce A, Ozen H, Kocak N. TTV infection in children with and without liver disease. Indian J Gastroenterol 2004; 23:135-7. [PMID: 15333968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TTV DNA has been reported in patients with a broad spectrum of hepatic disorders as well as in healthy people. AIM To clarify the role of TTV in children with liver disease and in healthy children. METHODS Degenerate primers designed to amplify a target sequence from the ORF 1 region of TTV genome were used for nested PCR, to detect TTV DNA in sera. RESULTS TTV was detected in 3 of 18 children with chronic hepatitis B (16.7%), 2 of 17 hepatitis B carriers (11.8%), 2 of 17 children with cryptogenic chronic liver disease (11.8%), and 1 of 40 (2.5%) children without liver disease. The infection rate was similar among the various study groups and in the various age groups. There was no difference between TTV positive and negative children in respect to gender, history of surgery, parenteral treatment, transfusion of blood and blood products, presence of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, jaundice, and transaminase values. CONCLUSION TTV does not seem to have an etiologic role in cryptogenic liver disease in children and does not seem to influence the clinical course of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ender Odemis
- Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Safadi R, Ergunay K, Ilan Y, Klein A, Shouval D, Manny N, Harush N, Galun E. TT virus infection in Israeli patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Vox Sang 2001; 79:242-5. [PMID: 11155077 DOI: 10.1159/000056738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Safadi
- Liver Unit, Division of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
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49
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Safadi R, Or R, Ilan Y, Naparstek E, Nagler A, Klein A, Ketzinel-Gilaad M, Ergunay K, Danon D, Shouval D, Galun E. Lack of known hepatitis virus in hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia and outcome after bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001; 27:183-90. [PMID: 11281388 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Viral infection has been shown to induce aplastic anemia, unidentified types of hepatitis being the most common cause for aplastic anemia-associated viral hepatitis. The survival rate for this group of patients after bone marrow transplantation with stem cells from an HLA-matched sibling is not well known. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) and transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) infection in non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis associated-aplastic anemia (HAAA) patients, and to define the role of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) as a therapeutic modality for this disease. Sixty-eight patients (43 males and 25 females) with aplastic anemia, underwent allogeneic BMT at the Hadassah University Hospital between 1981 and 1997. Onset of hepatitis was defined as jaundice and elevated alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) levels. Onset of aplastic anemia was defined as the first date on which varying degrees of pancytopenia occurred: hemoglobin level below 10 g/dl, WBC below 2 x 10(9)/l and low platelet count 10 x 10(10)/l. Serial serum samples from HAAA patients were assayed for virological and/or serological markers of hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, G viruses, TTV and parvovirus B19. Seventeen of the 68 patients with aplastic anemia (25%) suffered from hepatitis, 12 males and five females, ages 5 to 36 years. The mean interval between onset of hepatitis and first indication of aplastic anemia was 62 days (range 14-225 days). The development of aplastic anemia was unrelated to age, sex or severity of hepatitis. Ten of the 17 patients (59%) achieved complete ALT recovery prior to the diagnosis of aplastic anemia. Serum samples were available for 15 patients; none had evidence of acute or active hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, G and TTV virus infection at the time of diagnosis. Parvovirus B19 DNA sequences were not detectable in 10 of 12 tested cases; two positive results were detected in serum samples obtained after blood transfusion, making the analysis of these positive results difficult. All 17 patients underwent BMT. The mean post-BMT follow-up period was 38 months (range 1 day-123 months), five patients (30%) died 1 to 160 days post BMT, and 12 (70%) are alive 31 to 123 months after BMT. Relapsing hepatitis was not observed in any of the patients. In conclusion, HAAA is a disease of the young and the etiologic agent associated with HAAA remains unknown. HGV, TTV and parvovirus B19 sequences were not detected in any of the HAAA cases. The survival rate after BMT with stem cells from an HLA-matched sibling is similar to that for patients with non-hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Safadi
- Liver Unit, Division of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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50
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Safadi R, Ergunay K, Ilan Y, Klein A, Shouval D, Manny N, Harush N, Galun E. TT Virus Infection in Israeli Patients with Fulminant Hepatic Failure. Vox Sang 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1423-0410.2000.7940242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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